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1.. _changes:
2
3Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5
6Intro
7=====
8
9This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11
12This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15'net).
16
17Current Minimal Requirements
18****************************
19
20Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22running, the suggested command should tell you.
23
24Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28
29====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31====================== =============== ========================================
32GNU C 4.9 gcc --version
33Clang/LLVM (optional) 10.0.1 clang --version
34GNU make 3.81 make --version
35binutils 2.23 ld -v
36flex 2.5.35 flex --version
37bison 2.0 bison --version
38util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
39kmod 13 depmod -V
40e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
41jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
42reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
43xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
44squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
45btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
46pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
47quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
48PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
49nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
50procps 3.2.0 ps --version
51udev 081 udevd --version
52grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
53mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
54iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
55openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
56bc 1.06.95 bc --version
57Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
58====================== =============== ========================================
59
60.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
61
62Kernel compilation
63******************
64
65GCC
66---
67
68The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
69computer.
70
71Clang/LLVM (optional)
72---------------------
73
74The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
75`releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
76kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
77from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
78docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
79
80Make
81----
82
83You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
84
85Binutils
86--------
87
88Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
89
90pkg-config
91----------
92
93The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
94kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
95'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
96verified or documented.
97
98Flex
99----
100
101Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
102during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
103
104
105Bison
106-----
107
108Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
109during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
110
111Perl
112----
113
114You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
115``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
116
117BC
118--
119
120You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
121
122
123OpenSSL
124-------
125
126Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
127crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
128
129You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
130enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
131and higher.
132
133
134System utilities
135****************
136
137Architectural changes
138---------------------
139
140DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
141(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
142
14332-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
144
145Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
146documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
147definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
148files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
149then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
150In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
151Sphinx.
152
153Util-linux
154----------
155
156New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
157support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
158types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
159You'll probably want to upgrade.
160
161Ksymoops
162--------
163
164If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
165ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
166It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
167that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
168produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
169is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
170reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
171with ksymoops.
172
173Mkinitrd
174--------
175
176These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
177mkinitrd be upgraded.
178
179E2fsprogs
180---------
181
182The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
183debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
184
185JFSutils
186--------
187
188The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
189The following utilities are available:
190
191- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
192 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
193
194- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
195
196- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
197
198Reiserfsprogs
199-------------
200
201The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
202(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
203versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
204``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
205
206Xfsprogs
207--------
208
209The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
210``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
211architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
212work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
213later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
214
215PCMCIAutils
216-----------
217
218PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
219PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
220for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
221subsystem is used.
222
223Quota-tools
224-----------
225
226Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
227the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
228newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
229from the table above.
230
231Intel IA32 microcode
232--------------------
233
234A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
235accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
236udev you may need to::
237
238 mkdir /dev/cpu
239 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
240 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
241
242as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
243get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
244
245udev
246----
247
248``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
249only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
250functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
251devices.
252
253FUSE
254----
255
256Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
257options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
258
259Networking
260**********
261
262General changes
263---------------
264
265If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
266consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
267
268Packet Filter / NAT
269-------------------
270The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
271kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
272for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
273
274PPP
275---
276
277The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
278enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
279upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
280
281If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
282which can be made by::
283
284 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
285
286as root.
287
288NFS-utils
289---------
290
291In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
292about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
293information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
294mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
295would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
296
297This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
298which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
299fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
300getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
301
302With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
303when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
304appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
305dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
306currently active clients.
307
308To enable this new functionality, you need to::
309
310 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
311
312before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
313services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
314that is possible.
315
316mcelog
317------
318
319On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
320events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
321reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
322
323Kernel documentation
324********************
325
326Sphinx
327------
328
329Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
330for details about Sphinx requirements.
331
332Getting updated software
333========================
334
335Kernel compilation
336******************
337
338gcc
339---
340
341- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
342
343Clang/LLVM
344----------
345
346- :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
347
348Make
349----
350
351- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
352
353Binutils
354--------
355
356- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
357
358Flex
359----
360
361- <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
362
363Bison
364-----
365
366- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
367
368OpenSSL
369-------
370
371- <https://www.openssl.org/>
372
373System utilities
374****************
375
376Util-linux
377----------
378
379- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
380
381Kmod
382----
383
384- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
385- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
386
387Ksymoops
388--------
389
390- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
391
392Mkinitrd
393--------
394
395- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
396
397E2fsprogs
398---------
399
400- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
401- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
402
403JFSutils
404--------
405
406- <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
407
408Reiserfsprogs
409-------------
410
411- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
412
413Xfsprogs
414--------
415
416- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
417- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
418
419Pcmciautils
420-----------
421
422- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
423
424Quota-tools
425-----------
426
427- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
428
429
430Intel P6 microcode
431------------------
432
433- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
434
435udev
436----
437
438- <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
439
440FUSE
441----
442
443- <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
444
445mcelog
446------
447
448- <http://www.mcelog.org/>
449
450Networking
451**********
452
453PPP
454---
455
456- <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
457- <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
458- <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
459
460NFS-utils
461---------
462
463- <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
464
465Iptables
466--------
467
468- <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
469
470Ip-route2
471---------
472
473- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
474
475OProfile
476--------
477
478- <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
479
480NFS-Utils
481---------
482
483- <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
484
485Kernel documentation
486********************
487
488Sphinx
489------
490
491- <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
1.. _changes:
2
3Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5
6Intro
7=====
8
9This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11
12This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15'net).
16
17Current Minimal Requirements
18****************************
19
20Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22running, the suggested command should tell you.
23
24Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28
29====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31====================== =============== ========================================
32GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33GNU make 3.81 make --version
34binutils 2.20 ld -v
35flex 2.5.35 flex --version
36bison 2.0 bison --version
37util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
38module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
39e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
40jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
41reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
42xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
43squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
44btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
45pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
46quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
47PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
48isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
49nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
50procps 3.2.0 ps --version
51oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
52udev 081 udevd --version
53grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
54mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
55iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
56openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
57bc 1.06.95 bc --version
58Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
59====================== =============== ========================================
60
61.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
62
63Kernel compilation
64******************
65
66GCC
67---
68
69The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
70computer.
71
72Make
73----
74
75You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
76
77Binutils
78--------
79
80The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`)
81rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.a intermediate steps.
82This requires binutils 2.20 or newer.
83
84Flex
85----
86
87Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
88during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
89
90
91Bison
92-----
93
94Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
95during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
96
97Perl
98----
99
100You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
101``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
102
103BC
104--
105
106You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
107
108
109OpenSSL
110-------
111
112Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
113crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
114
115You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
116enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
117and higher.
118
119
120System utilities
121****************
122
123Architectural changes
124---------------------
125
126DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
127(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
128
12932-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
130
131Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
132documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
133definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
134files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
135then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
136In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
137Sphinx.
138
139Util-linux
140----------
141
142New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
143support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
144types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
145You'll probably want to upgrade.
146
147Ksymoops
148--------
149
150If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
151ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
152It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
153that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
154produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
155is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
156reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
157with ksymoops.
158
159Module-Init-Tools
160-----------------
161
162A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
163to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
164
165Mkinitrd
166--------
167
168These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
169mkinitrd be upgraded.
170
171E2fsprogs
172---------
173
174The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
175debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
176
177JFSutils
178--------
179
180The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
181The following utilities are available:
182
183- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
184 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
185
186- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
187
188- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
189
190Reiserfsprogs
191-------------
192
193The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
194(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
195versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
196``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
197
198Xfsprogs
199--------
200
201The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
202``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
203architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
204work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
205later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
206
207PCMCIAutils
208-----------
209
210PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
211PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
212for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
213subsystem is used.
214
215Quota-tools
216-----------
217
218Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
219the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
220newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
221from the table above.
222
223Intel IA32 microcode
224--------------------
225
226A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
227accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
228udev you may need to::
229
230 mkdir /dev/cpu
231 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
232 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
233
234as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
235get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
236
237udev
238----
239
240``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
241only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
242functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
243devices.
244
245FUSE
246----
247
248Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
249options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
250
251Networking
252**********
253
254General changes
255---------------
256
257If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
258consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
259
260Packet Filter / NAT
261-------------------
262The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
263kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
264for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
265
266PPP
267---
268
269The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
270enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
271upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
272
273If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
274which can be made by::
275
276 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
277
278as root.
279
280Isdn4k-utils
281------------
282
283Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
284needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
285
286NFS-utils
287---------
288
289In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
290about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
291information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
292mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
293would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
294
295This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
296which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
297fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
298getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
299
300With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
301when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
302appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
303dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
304currently active clients.
305
306To enable this new functionality, you need to::
307
308 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
309
310before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
311services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
312that is possible.
313
314mcelog
315------
316
317On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
318events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
319reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
320
321Kernel documentation
322********************
323
324Sphinx
325------
326
327Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in ``Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst``
328for details about Sphinx requirements.
329
330Getting updated software
331========================
332
333Kernel compilation
334******************
335
336gcc
337---
338
339- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
340
341Make
342----
343
344- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
345
346Binutils
347--------
348
349- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
350
351Flex
352----
353
354- <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
355
356Bison
357-----
358
359- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
360
361OpenSSL
362-------
363
364- <https://www.openssl.org/>
365
366System utilities
367****************
368
369Util-linux
370----------
371
372- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
373
374Ksymoops
375--------
376
377- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
378
379Module-Init-Tools
380-----------------
381
382- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/>
383
384Mkinitrd
385--------
386
387- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
388
389E2fsprogs
390---------
391
392- <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
393
394JFSutils
395--------
396
397- <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
398
399Reiserfsprogs
400-------------
401
402- <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
403
404Xfsprogs
405--------
406
407- <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
408
409Pcmciautils
410-----------
411
412- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
413
414Quota-tools
415-----------
416
417- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
418
419
420Intel P6 microcode
421------------------
422
423- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
424
425udev
426----
427
428- <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
429
430FUSE
431----
432
433- <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
434
435mcelog
436------
437
438- <http://www.mcelog.org/>
439
440Networking
441**********
442
443PPP
444---
445
446- <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
447
448Isdn4k-utils
449------------
450
451- <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
452
453NFS-utils
454---------
455
456- <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
457
458Iptables
459--------
460
461- <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
462
463Ip-route2
464---------
465
466- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
467
468OProfile
469--------
470
471- <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
472
473NFS-Utils
474---------
475
476- <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
477
478Kernel documentation
479********************
480
481Sphinx
482------
483
484- <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>