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1.. _changes:
2
3Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5
6Intro
7=====
8
9This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11
12This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15'net).
16
17Current Minimal Requirements
18****************************
19
20Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22running, the suggested command should tell you.
23
24Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28
29====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31====================== =============== ========================================
32GNU C 4.9 gcc --version
33Clang/LLVM (optional) 10.0.1 clang --version
34GNU make 3.81 make --version
35binutils 2.23 ld -v
36flex 2.5.35 flex --version
37bison 2.0 bison --version
38util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
39kmod 13 depmod -V
40e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
41jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
42reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
43xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
44squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
45btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
46pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
47quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
48PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
49nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
50procps 3.2.0 ps --version
51udev 081 udevd --version
52grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
53mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
54iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
55openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
56bc 1.06.95 bc --version
57Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
58====================== =============== ========================================
59
60.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
61
62Kernel compilation
63******************
64
65GCC
66---
67
68The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
69computer.
70
71Clang/LLVM (optional)
72---------------------
73
74The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
75`releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
76kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
77from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
78docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
79
80Make
81----
82
83You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
84
85Binutils
86--------
87
88Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
89
90pkg-config
91----------
92
93The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
94kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
95'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
96verified or documented.
97
98Flex
99----
100
101Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
102during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
103
104
105Bison
106-----
107
108Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
109during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
110
111Perl
112----
113
114You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
115``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
116
117BC
118--
119
120You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
121
122
123OpenSSL
124-------
125
126Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
127crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
128
129You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
130enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
131and higher.
132
133
134System utilities
135****************
136
137Architectural changes
138---------------------
139
140DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
141(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
142
14332-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
144
145Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
146documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
147definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
148files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
149then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
150In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
151Sphinx.
152
153Util-linux
154----------
155
156New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
157support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
158types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
159You'll probably want to upgrade.
160
161Ksymoops
162--------
163
164If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
165ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
166It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
167that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
168produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
169is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
170reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
171with ksymoops.
172
173Mkinitrd
174--------
175
176These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
177mkinitrd be upgraded.
178
179E2fsprogs
180---------
181
182The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
183debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
184
185JFSutils
186--------
187
188The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
189The following utilities are available:
190
191- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
192 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
193
194- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
195
196- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
197
198Reiserfsprogs
199-------------
200
201The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
202(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
203versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
204``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
205
206Xfsprogs
207--------
208
209The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
210``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
211architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
212work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
213later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
214
215PCMCIAutils
216-----------
217
218PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
219PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
220for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
221subsystem is used.
222
223Quota-tools
224-----------
225
226Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
227the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
228newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
229from the table above.
230
231Intel IA32 microcode
232--------------------
233
234A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
235accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
236udev you may need to::
237
238 mkdir /dev/cpu
239 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
240 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
241
242as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
243get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
244
245udev
246----
247
248``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
249only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
250functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
251devices.
252
253FUSE
254----
255
256Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
257options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
258
259Networking
260**********
261
262General changes
263---------------
264
265If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
266consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
267
268Packet Filter / NAT
269-------------------
270The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
271kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
272for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
273
274PPP
275---
276
277The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
278enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
279upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
280
281If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
282which can be made by::
283
284 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
285
286as root.
287
288NFS-utils
289---------
290
291In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
292about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
293information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
294mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
295would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
296
297This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
298which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
299fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
300getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
301
302With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
303when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
304appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
305dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
306currently active clients.
307
308To enable this new functionality, you need to::
309
310 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
311
312before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
313services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
314that is possible.
315
316mcelog
317------
318
319On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
320events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
321reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
322
323Kernel documentation
324********************
325
326Sphinx
327------
328
329Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
330for details about Sphinx requirements.
331
332Getting updated software
333========================
334
335Kernel compilation
336******************
337
338gcc
339---
340
341- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
342
343Clang/LLVM
344----------
345
346- :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
347
348Make
349----
350
351- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
352
353Binutils
354--------
355
356- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
357
358Flex
359----
360
361- <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
362
363Bison
364-----
365
366- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
367
368OpenSSL
369-------
370
371- <https://www.openssl.org/>
372
373System utilities
374****************
375
376Util-linux
377----------
378
379- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
380
381Kmod
382----
383
384- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
385- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
386
387Ksymoops
388--------
389
390- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
391
392Mkinitrd
393--------
394
395- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
396
397E2fsprogs
398---------
399
400- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
401- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
402
403JFSutils
404--------
405
406- <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
407
408Reiserfsprogs
409-------------
410
411- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
412
413Xfsprogs
414--------
415
416- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
417- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
418
419Pcmciautils
420-----------
421
422- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
423
424Quota-tools
425-----------
426
427- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
428
429
430Intel P6 microcode
431------------------
432
433- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
434
435udev
436----
437
438- <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
439
440FUSE
441----
442
443- <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
444
445mcelog
446------
447
448- <http://www.mcelog.org/>
449
450Networking
451**********
452
453PPP
454---
455
456- <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
457- <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
458- <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
459
460NFS-utils
461---------
462
463- <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
464
465Iptables
466--------
467
468- <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
469
470Ip-route2
471---------
472
473- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
474
475OProfile
476--------
477
478- <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
479
480NFS-Utils
481---------
482
483- <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
484
485Kernel documentation
486********************
487
488Sphinx
489------
490
491- <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
1.. _changes:
2
3Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5
6Intro
7=====
8
9This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11
12This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15'net).
16
17Current Minimal Requirements
18****************************
19
20Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22running, the suggested command should tell you.
23
24Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28
29====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31====================== =============== ========================================
32GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33GNU make 3.80 make --version
34binutils 2.12 ld -v
35util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
36module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
37e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
38jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
39reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
40xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
41squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
42btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
43pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
44quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
45PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
46isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
47nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
48procps 3.2.0 ps --version
49oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
50udev 081 udevd --version
51grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
52mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
53iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
54openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
55bc 1.06.95 bc --version
56Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.2 sphinx-build --version
57====================== =============== ========================================
58
59.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
60
61Kernel compilation
62******************
63
64GCC
65---
66
67The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
68computer.
69
70Make
71----
72
73You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
74
75Binutils
76--------
77
78Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for
79assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile
80your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
81release of binutils.
82
83Perl
84----
85
86You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
87``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
88
89BC
90--
91
92You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
93
94
95OpenSSL
96-------
97
98Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
99crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
100
101You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
102enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
103and higher.
104
105
106System utilities
107****************
108
109Architectural changes
110---------------------
111
112DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
113(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
114
11532-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
116
117Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
118documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
119definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
120SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
121files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
122HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
123DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
124well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
125
126Util-linux
127----------
128
129New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
130support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
131types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
132You'll probably want to upgrade.
133
134Ksymoops
135--------
136
137If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
138ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
139It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
140that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
141produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
142is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
143reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
144with ksymoops.
145
146Module-Init-Tools
147-----------------
148
149A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
150to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
151
152Mkinitrd
153--------
154
155These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
156mkinitrd be upgraded.
157
158E2fsprogs
159---------
160
161The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
162debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
163
164JFSutils
165--------
166
167The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
168The following utilities are available:
169
170- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
171 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
172
173- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
174
175- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
176
177Reiserfsprogs
178-------------
179
180The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
181(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
182versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
183``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
184
185Xfsprogs
186--------
187
188The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
189``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
190architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
191work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
192later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
193
194PCMCIAutils
195-----------
196
197PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
198PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
199for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
200subsystem is used.
201
202Quota-tools
203-----------
204
205Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
206the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
207newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
208from the table above.
209
210Intel IA32 microcode
211--------------------
212
213A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
214accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
215udev you may need to::
216
217 mkdir /dev/cpu
218 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
219 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
220
221as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
222get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
223
224udev
225----
226
227``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
228only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
229functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
230devices.
231
232FUSE
233----
234
235Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
236options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
237
238Networking
239**********
240
241General changes
242---------------
243
244If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
245consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
246
247Packet Filter / NAT
248-------------------
249The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
250kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
251for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
252
253PPP
254---
255
256The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
257enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
258upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
259
260If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
261which can be made by::
262
263 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
264
265as root.
266
267Isdn4k-utils
268------------
269
270Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
271needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
272
273NFS-utils
274---------
275
276In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
277about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
278information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
279mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
280would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
281
282This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
283which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
284fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
285getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
286
287With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
288when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
289appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
290dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
291currently active clients.
292
293To enable this new functionality, you need to::
294
295 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
296
297before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
298services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
299that is possible.
300
301mcelog
302------
303
304On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
305events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
306reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
307
308Kernel documentation
309********************
310
311Sphinx
312------
313
314The ReST markups currently used by the Documentation/ files are meant to be
315built with ``Sphinx`` version 1.2 or upper. If you're desiring to build
316PDF outputs, it is recommended to use version 1.4.6.
317
318.. note::
319
320 Please notice that, for PDF and LaTeX output, you'll also need ``XeLaTeX``
321 version 3.14159265. Depending on the distribution, you may also need
322 to install a series of ``texlive`` packages that provide the minimal
323 set of functionalities required for ``XeLaTex`` to work.
324
325Other tools
326-----------
327
328In order to produce documentation from DocBook, you'll also need ``xmlto``.
329Please notice, however, that we're currently migrating all documents to use
330``Sphinx``.
331
332Getting updated software
333========================
334
335Kernel compilation
336******************
337
338gcc
339---
340
341- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
342
343Make
344----
345
346- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
347
348Binutils
349--------
350
351- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
352
353OpenSSL
354-------
355
356- <https://www.openssl.org/>
357
358System utilities
359****************
360
361Util-linux
362----------
363
364- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
365
366Ksymoops
367--------
368
369- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
370
371Module-Init-Tools
372-----------------
373
374- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
375
376Mkinitrd
377--------
378
379- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
380
381E2fsprogs
382---------
383
384- <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
385
386JFSutils
387--------
388
389- <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
390
391Reiserfsprogs
392-------------
393
394- <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
395
396Xfsprogs
397--------
398
399- <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
400
401Pcmciautils
402-----------
403
404- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
405
406Quota-tools
407-----------
408
409- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
410
411DocBook Stylesheets
412-------------------
413
414- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
415
416XMLTO XSLT Frontend
417-------------------
418
419- <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
420
421Intel P6 microcode
422------------------
423
424- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
425
426udev
427----
428
429- <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
430
431FUSE
432----
433
434- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
435
436mcelog
437------
438
439- <http://www.mcelog.org/>
440
441Networking
442**********
443
444PPP
445---
446
447- <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
448
449Isdn4k-utils
450------------
451
452- <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
453
454NFS-utils
455---------
456
457- <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
458
459Iptables
460--------
461
462- <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
463
464Ip-route2
465---------
466
467- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
468
469OProfile
470--------
471
472- <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
473
474NFS-Utils
475---------
476
477- <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
478
479Kernel documentation
480********************
481
482Sphinx
483------
484
485- <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>