Loading...
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2/*
3 * GPIO interface for Intel Poulsbo SCH
4 *
5 * Copyright (c) 2010 CompuLab Ltd
6 * Author: Denis Turischev <denis@compulab.co.il>
7 */
8
9#include <linux/acpi.h>
10#include <linux/bitops.h>
11#include <linux/errno.h>
12#include <linux/gpio/driver.h>
13#include <linux/io.h>
14#include <linux/irq.h>
15#include <linux/kernel.h>
16#include <linux/module.h>
17#include <linux/pci_ids.h>
18#include <linux/platform_device.h>
19#include <linux/types.h>
20
21#define GEN 0x00
22#define GIO 0x04
23#define GLV 0x08
24#define GTPE 0x0c
25#define GTNE 0x10
26#define GGPE 0x14
27#define GSMI 0x18
28#define GTS 0x1c
29
30#define CORE_BANK_OFFSET 0x00
31#define RESUME_BANK_OFFSET 0x20
32
33/*
34 * iLB datasheet describes GPE0BLK registers, in particular GPE0E.GPIO bit.
35 * Document Number: 328195-001
36 */
37#define GPE0E_GPIO 14
38
39struct sch_gpio {
40 struct gpio_chip chip;
41 spinlock_t lock;
42 unsigned short iobase;
43 unsigned short resume_base;
44
45 /* GPE handling */
46 u32 gpe;
47 acpi_gpe_handler gpe_handler;
48};
49
50static unsigned int sch_gpio_offset(struct sch_gpio *sch, unsigned int gpio,
51 unsigned int reg)
52{
53 unsigned int base = CORE_BANK_OFFSET;
54
55 if (gpio >= sch->resume_base) {
56 gpio -= sch->resume_base;
57 base = RESUME_BANK_OFFSET;
58 }
59
60 return base + reg + gpio / 8;
61}
62
63static unsigned int sch_gpio_bit(struct sch_gpio *sch, unsigned int gpio)
64{
65 if (gpio >= sch->resume_base)
66 gpio -= sch->resume_base;
67 return gpio % 8;
68}
69
70static int sch_gpio_reg_get(struct sch_gpio *sch, unsigned int gpio, unsigned int reg)
71{
72 unsigned short offset, bit;
73 u8 reg_val;
74
75 offset = sch_gpio_offset(sch, gpio, reg);
76 bit = sch_gpio_bit(sch, gpio);
77
78 reg_val = !!(inb(sch->iobase + offset) & BIT(bit));
79
80 return reg_val;
81}
82
83static void sch_gpio_reg_set(struct sch_gpio *sch, unsigned int gpio, unsigned int reg,
84 int val)
85{
86 unsigned short offset, bit;
87 u8 reg_val;
88
89 offset = sch_gpio_offset(sch, gpio, reg);
90 bit = sch_gpio_bit(sch, gpio);
91
92 reg_val = inb(sch->iobase + offset);
93
94 if (val)
95 outb(reg_val | BIT(bit), sch->iobase + offset);
96 else
97 outb((reg_val & ~BIT(bit)), sch->iobase + offset);
98}
99
100static int sch_gpio_direction_in(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio_num)
101{
102 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
103 unsigned long flags;
104
105 spin_lock_irqsave(&sch->lock, flags);
106 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, gpio_num, GIO, 1);
107 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sch->lock, flags);
108 return 0;
109}
110
111static int sch_gpio_get(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio_num)
112{
113 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
114
115 return sch_gpio_reg_get(sch, gpio_num, GLV);
116}
117
118static void sch_gpio_set(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio_num, int val)
119{
120 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
121 unsigned long flags;
122
123 spin_lock_irqsave(&sch->lock, flags);
124 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, gpio_num, GLV, val);
125 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sch->lock, flags);
126}
127
128static int sch_gpio_direction_out(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio_num,
129 int val)
130{
131 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
132 unsigned long flags;
133
134 spin_lock_irqsave(&sch->lock, flags);
135 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, gpio_num, GIO, 0);
136 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sch->lock, flags);
137
138 /*
139 * according to the datasheet, writing to the level register has no
140 * effect when GPIO is programmed as input.
141 * Actually the level register is read-only when configured as input.
142 * Thus presetting the output level before switching to output is _NOT_ possible.
143 * Hence we set the level after configuring the GPIO as output.
144 * But we cannot prevent a short low pulse if direction is set to high
145 * and an external pull-up is connected.
146 */
147 sch_gpio_set(gc, gpio_num, val);
148 return 0;
149}
150
151static int sch_gpio_get_direction(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio_num)
152{
153 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
154
155 if (sch_gpio_reg_get(sch, gpio_num, GIO))
156 return GPIO_LINE_DIRECTION_IN;
157
158 return GPIO_LINE_DIRECTION_OUT;
159}
160
161static const struct gpio_chip sch_gpio_chip = {
162 .label = "sch_gpio",
163 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
164 .direction_input = sch_gpio_direction_in,
165 .get = sch_gpio_get,
166 .direction_output = sch_gpio_direction_out,
167 .set = sch_gpio_set,
168 .get_direction = sch_gpio_get_direction,
169};
170
171static int sch_irq_type(struct irq_data *d, unsigned int type)
172{
173 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
174 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
175 irq_hw_number_t gpio_num = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
176 unsigned long flags;
177 int rising, falling;
178
179 switch (type & IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK) {
180 case IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING:
181 rising = 1;
182 falling = 0;
183 break;
184 case IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING:
185 rising = 0;
186 falling = 1;
187 break;
188 case IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH:
189 rising = 1;
190 falling = 1;
191 break;
192 default:
193 return -EINVAL;
194 }
195
196 spin_lock_irqsave(&sch->lock, flags);
197
198 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, gpio_num, GTPE, rising);
199 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, gpio_num, GTNE, falling);
200
201 irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_edge_irq);
202
203 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sch->lock, flags);
204
205 return 0;
206}
207
208static void sch_irq_ack(struct irq_data *d)
209{
210 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
211 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
212 irq_hw_number_t gpio_num = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
213 unsigned long flags;
214
215 spin_lock_irqsave(&sch->lock, flags);
216 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, gpio_num, GTS, 1);
217 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sch->lock, flags);
218}
219
220static void sch_irq_mask_unmask(struct gpio_chip *gc, irq_hw_number_t gpio_num, int val)
221{
222 struct sch_gpio *sch = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
223 unsigned long flags;
224
225 spin_lock_irqsave(&sch->lock, flags);
226 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, gpio_num, GGPE, val);
227 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sch->lock, flags);
228}
229
230static void sch_irq_mask(struct irq_data *d)
231{
232 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
233 irq_hw_number_t gpio_num = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
234
235 sch_irq_mask_unmask(gc, gpio_num, 0);
236 gpiochip_disable_irq(gc, gpio_num);
237}
238
239static void sch_irq_unmask(struct irq_data *d)
240{
241 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
242 irq_hw_number_t gpio_num = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
243
244 gpiochip_enable_irq(gc, gpio_num);
245 sch_irq_mask_unmask(gc, gpio_num, 1);
246}
247
248static const struct irq_chip sch_irqchip = {
249 .name = "sch_gpio",
250 .irq_ack = sch_irq_ack,
251 .irq_mask = sch_irq_mask,
252 .irq_unmask = sch_irq_unmask,
253 .irq_set_type = sch_irq_type,
254 .flags = IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE,
255 GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPERS,
256};
257
258static u32 sch_gpio_gpe_handler(acpi_handle gpe_device, u32 gpe, void *context)
259{
260 struct sch_gpio *sch = context;
261 struct gpio_chip *gc = &sch->chip;
262 unsigned long core_status, resume_status;
263 unsigned long pending;
264 unsigned long flags;
265 int offset;
266 u32 ret;
267
268 spin_lock_irqsave(&sch->lock, flags);
269
270 core_status = inl(sch->iobase + CORE_BANK_OFFSET + GTS);
271 resume_status = inl(sch->iobase + RESUME_BANK_OFFSET + GTS);
272
273 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sch->lock, flags);
274
275 pending = (resume_status << sch->resume_base) | core_status;
276 for_each_set_bit(offset, &pending, sch->chip.ngpio)
277 generic_handle_domain_irq(gc->irq.domain, offset);
278
279 /* Set returning value depending on whether we handled an interrupt */
280 ret = pending ? ACPI_INTERRUPT_HANDLED : ACPI_INTERRUPT_NOT_HANDLED;
281
282 /* Acknowledge GPE to ACPICA */
283 ret |= ACPI_REENABLE_GPE;
284
285 return ret;
286}
287
288static void sch_gpio_remove_gpe_handler(void *data)
289{
290 struct sch_gpio *sch = data;
291
292 acpi_disable_gpe(NULL, sch->gpe);
293 acpi_remove_gpe_handler(NULL, sch->gpe, sch->gpe_handler);
294}
295
296static int sch_gpio_install_gpe_handler(struct sch_gpio *sch)
297{
298 struct device *dev = sch->chip.parent;
299 acpi_status status;
300
301 status = acpi_install_gpe_handler(NULL, sch->gpe, ACPI_GPE_LEVEL_TRIGGERED,
302 sch->gpe_handler, sch);
303 if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
304 dev_err(dev, "Failed to install GPE handler for %u: %s\n",
305 sch->gpe, acpi_format_exception(status));
306 return -ENODEV;
307 }
308
309 status = acpi_enable_gpe(NULL, sch->gpe);
310 if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
311 dev_err(dev, "Failed to enable GPE handler for %u: %s\n",
312 sch->gpe, acpi_format_exception(status));
313 acpi_remove_gpe_handler(NULL, sch->gpe, sch->gpe_handler);
314 return -ENODEV;
315 }
316
317 return devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, sch_gpio_remove_gpe_handler, sch);
318}
319
320static int sch_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
321{
322 struct gpio_irq_chip *girq;
323 struct sch_gpio *sch;
324 struct resource *res;
325 int ret;
326
327 sch = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*sch), GFP_KERNEL);
328 if (!sch)
329 return -ENOMEM;
330
331 res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IO, 0);
332 if (!res)
333 return -EBUSY;
334
335 if (!devm_request_region(&pdev->dev, res->start, resource_size(res),
336 pdev->name))
337 return -EBUSY;
338
339 spin_lock_init(&sch->lock);
340 sch->iobase = res->start;
341 sch->chip = sch_gpio_chip;
342 sch->chip.label = dev_name(&pdev->dev);
343 sch->chip.parent = &pdev->dev;
344
345 switch (pdev->id) {
346 case PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_SCH_LPC:
347 sch->resume_base = 10;
348 sch->chip.ngpio = 14;
349
350 /*
351 * GPIO[6:0] enabled by default
352 * GPIO7 is configured by the CMC as SLPIOVR
353 * Enable GPIO[9:8] core powered gpios explicitly
354 */
355 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, 8, GEN, 1);
356 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, 9, GEN, 1);
357 /*
358 * SUS_GPIO[2:0] enabled by default
359 * Enable SUS_GPIO3 resume powered gpio explicitly
360 */
361 sch_gpio_reg_set(sch, 13, GEN, 1);
362 break;
363
364 case PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_ITC_LPC:
365 sch->resume_base = 5;
366 sch->chip.ngpio = 14;
367 break;
368
369 case PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_CENTERTON_ILB:
370 sch->resume_base = 21;
371 sch->chip.ngpio = 30;
372 break;
373
374 case PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_QUARK_X1000_ILB:
375 sch->resume_base = 2;
376 sch->chip.ngpio = 8;
377 break;
378
379 default:
380 return -ENODEV;
381 }
382
383 girq = &sch->chip.irq;
384 gpio_irq_chip_set_chip(girq, &sch_irqchip);
385 girq->num_parents = 0;
386 girq->parents = NULL;
387 girq->parent_handler = NULL;
388 girq->default_type = IRQ_TYPE_NONE;
389 girq->handler = handle_bad_irq;
390
391 /* GPE setup is optional */
392 sch->gpe = GPE0E_GPIO;
393 sch->gpe_handler = sch_gpio_gpe_handler;
394
395 ret = sch_gpio_install_gpe_handler(sch);
396 if (ret)
397 dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "Can't setup GPE, no IRQ support\n");
398
399 return devm_gpiochip_add_data(&pdev->dev, &sch->chip, sch);
400}
401
402static struct platform_driver sch_gpio_driver = {
403 .driver = {
404 .name = "sch_gpio",
405 },
406 .probe = sch_gpio_probe,
407};
408
409module_platform_driver(sch_gpio_driver);
410
411MODULE_AUTHOR("Denis Turischev <denis@compulab.co.il>");
412MODULE_DESCRIPTION("GPIO interface for Intel Poulsbo SCH");
413MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
414MODULE_ALIAS("platform:sch_gpio");
1/*
2 * GPIO interface for Intel Poulsbo SCH
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2010 CompuLab Ltd
5 * Author: Denis Turischev <denis@compulab.co.il>
6 *
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 2 as published
9 * by the Free Software Foundation.
10 *
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 *
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
18 * the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
19 */
20
21#include <linux/init.h>
22#include <linux/kernel.h>
23#include <linux/module.h>
24#include <linux/io.h>
25#include <linux/errno.h>
26#include <linux/acpi.h>
27#include <linux/platform_device.h>
28#include <linux/pci_ids.h>
29
30#include <linux/gpio.h>
31
32static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(gpio_lock);
33
34#define CGEN (0x00)
35#define CGIO (0x04)
36#define CGLV (0x08)
37
38#define RGEN (0x20)
39#define RGIO (0x24)
40#define RGLV (0x28)
41
42static unsigned short gpio_ba;
43
44static int sch_gpio_core_direction_in(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned gpio_num)
45{
46 u8 curr_dirs;
47 unsigned short offset, bit;
48
49 spin_lock(&gpio_lock);
50
51 offset = CGIO + gpio_num / 8;
52 bit = gpio_num % 8;
53
54 curr_dirs = inb(gpio_ba + offset);
55
56 if (!(curr_dirs & (1 << bit)))
57 outb(curr_dirs | (1 << bit), gpio_ba + offset);
58
59 spin_unlock(&gpio_lock);
60 return 0;
61}
62
63static int sch_gpio_core_get(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned gpio_num)
64{
65 int res;
66 unsigned short offset, bit;
67
68 offset = CGLV + gpio_num / 8;
69 bit = gpio_num % 8;
70
71 res = !!(inb(gpio_ba + offset) & (1 << bit));
72 return res;
73}
74
75static void sch_gpio_core_set(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned gpio_num, int val)
76{
77 u8 curr_vals;
78 unsigned short offset, bit;
79
80 spin_lock(&gpio_lock);
81
82 offset = CGLV + gpio_num / 8;
83 bit = gpio_num % 8;
84
85 curr_vals = inb(gpio_ba + offset);
86
87 if (val)
88 outb(curr_vals | (1 << bit), gpio_ba + offset);
89 else
90 outb((curr_vals & ~(1 << bit)), gpio_ba + offset);
91 spin_unlock(&gpio_lock);
92}
93
94static int sch_gpio_core_direction_out(struct gpio_chip *gc,
95 unsigned gpio_num, int val)
96{
97 u8 curr_dirs;
98 unsigned short offset, bit;
99
100 sch_gpio_core_set(gc, gpio_num, val);
101
102 spin_lock(&gpio_lock);
103
104 offset = CGIO + gpio_num / 8;
105 bit = gpio_num % 8;
106
107 curr_dirs = inb(gpio_ba + offset);
108 if (curr_dirs & (1 << bit))
109 outb(curr_dirs & ~(1 << bit), gpio_ba + offset);
110
111 spin_unlock(&gpio_lock);
112 return 0;
113}
114
115static struct gpio_chip sch_gpio_core = {
116 .label = "sch_gpio_core",
117 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
118 .direction_input = sch_gpio_core_direction_in,
119 .get = sch_gpio_core_get,
120 .direction_output = sch_gpio_core_direction_out,
121 .set = sch_gpio_core_set,
122};
123
124static int sch_gpio_resume_direction_in(struct gpio_chip *gc,
125 unsigned gpio_num)
126{
127 u8 curr_dirs;
128
129 spin_lock(&gpio_lock);
130
131 curr_dirs = inb(gpio_ba + RGIO);
132
133 if (!(curr_dirs & (1 << gpio_num)))
134 outb(curr_dirs | (1 << gpio_num) , gpio_ba + RGIO);
135
136 spin_unlock(&gpio_lock);
137 return 0;
138}
139
140static int sch_gpio_resume_get(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned gpio_num)
141{
142 return !!(inb(gpio_ba + RGLV) & (1 << gpio_num));
143}
144
145static void sch_gpio_resume_set(struct gpio_chip *gc,
146 unsigned gpio_num, int val)
147{
148 u8 curr_vals;
149
150 spin_lock(&gpio_lock);
151
152 curr_vals = inb(gpio_ba + RGLV);
153
154 if (val)
155 outb(curr_vals | (1 << gpio_num), gpio_ba + RGLV);
156 else
157 outb((curr_vals & ~(1 << gpio_num)), gpio_ba + RGLV);
158
159 spin_unlock(&gpio_lock);
160}
161
162static int sch_gpio_resume_direction_out(struct gpio_chip *gc,
163 unsigned gpio_num, int val)
164{
165 u8 curr_dirs;
166
167 sch_gpio_resume_set(gc, gpio_num, val);
168
169 spin_lock(&gpio_lock);
170
171 curr_dirs = inb(gpio_ba + RGIO);
172 if (curr_dirs & (1 << gpio_num))
173 outb(curr_dirs & ~(1 << gpio_num), gpio_ba + RGIO);
174
175 spin_unlock(&gpio_lock);
176 return 0;
177}
178
179static struct gpio_chip sch_gpio_resume = {
180 .label = "sch_gpio_resume",
181 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
182 .direction_input = sch_gpio_resume_direction_in,
183 .get = sch_gpio_resume_get,
184 .direction_output = sch_gpio_resume_direction_out,
185 .set = sch_gpio_resume_set,
186};
187
188static int __devinit sch_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
189{
190 struct resource *res;
191 int err, id;
192
193 id = pdev->id;
194 if (!id)
195 return -ENODEV;
196
197 res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IO, 0);
198 if (!res)
199 return -EBUSY;
200
201 if (!request_region(res->start, resource_size(res), pdev->name))
202 return -EBUSY;
203
204 gpio_ba = res->start;
205
206 switch (id) {
207 case PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_SCH_LPC:
208 sch_gpio_core.base = 0;
209 sch_gpio_core.ngpio = 10;
210
211 sch_gpio_resume.base = 10;
212 sch_gpio_resume.ngpio = 4;
213
214 /*
215 * GPIO[6:0] enabled by default
216 * GPIO7 is configured by the CMC as SLPIOVR
217 * Enable GPIO[9:8] core powered gpios explicitly
218 */
219 outb(0x3, gpio_ba + CGEN + 1);
220 /*
221 * SUS_GPIO[2:0] enabled by default
222 * Enable SUS_GPIO3 resume powered gpio explicitly
223 */
224 outb(0x8, gpio_ba + RGEN);
225 break;
226
227 case PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_ITC_LPC:
228 sch_gpio_core.base = 0;
229 sch_gpio_core.ngpio = 5;
230
231 sch_gpio_resume.base = 5;
232 sch_gpio_resume.ngpio = 9;
233 break;
234
235 default:
236 return -ENODEV;
237 }
238
239 sch_gpio_core.dev = &pdev->dev;
240 sch_gpio_resume.dev = &pdev->dev;
241
242 err = gpiochip_add(&sch_gpio_core);
243 if (err < 0)
244 goto err_sch_gpio_core;
245
246 err = gpiochip_add(&sch_gpio_resume);
247 if (err < 0)
248 goto err_sch_gpio_resume;
249
250 return 0;
251
252err_sch_gpio_resume:
253 err = gpiochip_remove(&sch_gpio_core);
254 if (err)
255 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "%s failed, %d\n",
256 "gpiochip_remove()", err);
257
258err_sch_gpio_core:
259 release_region(res->start, resource_size(res));
260 gpio_ba = 0;
261
262 return err;
263}
264
265static int __devexit sch_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
266{
267 struct resource *res;
268 if (gpio_ba) {
269 int err;
270
271 err = gpiochip_remove(&sch_gpio_core);
272 if (err)
273 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "%s failed, %d\n",
274 "gpiochip_remove()", err);
275 err = gpiochip_remove(&sch_gpio_resume);
276 if (err)
277 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "%s failed, %d\n",
278 "gpiochip_remove()", err);
279
280 res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IO, 0);
281
282 release_region(res->start, resource_size(res));
283 gpio_ba = 0;
284
285 return err;
286 }
287
288 return 0;
289}
290
291static struct platform_driver sch_gpio_driver = {
292 .driver = {
293 .name = "sch_gpio",
294 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
295 },
296 .probe = sch_gpio_probe,
297 .remove = __devexit_p(sch_gpio_remove),
298};
299
300static int __init sch_gpio_init(void)
301{
302 return platform_driver_register(&sch_gpio_driver);
303}
304
305static void __exit sch_gpio_exit(void)
306{
307 platform_driver_unregister(&sch_gpio_driver);
308}
309
310module_init(sch_gpio_init);
311module_exit(sch_gpio_exit);
312
313MODULE_AUTHOR("Denis Turischev <denis@compulab.co.il>");
314MODULE_DESCRIPTION("GPIO interface for Intel Poulsbo SCH");
315MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
316MODULE_ALIAS("platform:sch_gpio");