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   1#!/usr/bin/env perl
   2# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   3#
   4# (c) 2001, Dave Jones. (the file handling bit)
   5# (c) 2005, Joel Schopp <jschopp@austin.ibm.com> (the ugly bit)
   6# (c) 2007,2008, Andy Whitcroft <apw@uk.ibm.com> (new conditions, test suite)
   7# (c) 2008-2010 Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
   8# (c) 2010-2018 Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
   9
  10use strict;
  11use warnings;
  12use POSIX;
  13use File::Basename;
  14use Cwd 'abs_path';
  15use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
  16use Encode qw(decode encode);
  17
  18my $P = $0;
  19my $D = dirname(abs_path($P));
  20
  21my $V = '0.32';
  22
  23use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);
  24
  25my $quiet = 0;
  26my $verbose = 0;
  27my %verbose_messages = ();
  28my %verbose_emitted = ();
  29my $tree = 1;
  30my $chk_signoff = 1;
  31my $chk_patch = 1;
  32my $tst_only;
  33my $emacs = 0;
  34my $terse = 0;
  35my $showfile = 0;
  36my $file = 0;
  37my $git = 0;
  38my %git_commits = ();
  39my $check = 0;
  40my $check_orig = 0;
  41my $summary = 1;
  42my $mailback = 0;
  43my $summary_file = 0;
  44my $show_types = 0;
  45my $list_types = 0;
  46my $fix = 0;
  47my $fix_inplace = 0;
  48my $root;
  49my $gitroot = $ENV{'GIT_DIR'};
  50$gitroot = ".git" if !defined($gitroot);
  51my %debug;
  52my %camelcase = ();
  53my %use_type = ();
  54my @use = ();
  55my %ignore_type = ();
  56my @ignore = ();
  57my $help = 0;
  58my $configuration_file = ".checkpatch.conf";
  59my $max_line_length = 100;
  60my $ignore_perl_version = 0;
  61my $minimum_perl_version = 5.10.0;
  62my $min_conf_desc_length = 4;
  63my $spelling_file = "$D/spelling.txt";
  64my $codespell = 0;
  65my $codespellfile = "/usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt";
  66my $user_codespellfile = "";
  67my $conststructsfile = "$D/const_structs.checkpatch";
  68my $docsfile = "$D/../Documentation/dev-tools/checkpatch.rst";
  69my $typedefsfile;
  70my $color = "auto";
  71my $allow_c99_comments = 1; # Can be overridden by --ignore C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE
  72# git output parsing needs US English output, so first set backtick child process LANGUAGE
  73my $git_command ='export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8; git';
  74my $tabsize = 8;
  75my ${CONFIG_} = "CONFIG_";
  76
 
 
  77sub help {
  78	my ($exitcode) = @_;
  79
  80	print << "EOM";
  81Usage: $P [OPTION]... [FILE]...
  82Version: $V
  83
  84Options:
  85  -q, --quiet                quiet
  86  -v, --verbose              verbose mode
  87  --no-tree                  run without a kernel tree
  88  --no-signoff               do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line
  89  --patch                    treat FILE as patchfile (default)
  90  --emacs                    emacs compile window format
  91  --terse                    one line per report
  92  --showfile                 emit diffed file position, not input file position
  93  -g, --git                  treat FILE as a single commit or git revision range
  94                             single git commit with:
  95                               <rev>
  96                               <rev>^
  97                               <rev>~n
  98                             multiple git commits with:
  99                               <rev1>..<rev2>
 100                               <rev1>...<rev2>
 101                               <rev>-<count>
 102                             git merges are ignored
 103  -f, --file                 treat FILE as regular source file
 104  --subjective, --strict     enable more subjective tests
 105  --list-types               list the possible message types
 106  --types TYPE(,TYPE2...)    show only these comma separated message types
 107  --ignore TYPE(,TYPE2...)   ignore various comma separated message types
 108  --show-types               show the specific message type in the output
 109  --max-line-length=n        set the maximum line length, (default $max_line_length)
 110                             if exceeded, warn on patches
 111                             requires --strict for use with --file
 112  --min-conf-desc-length=n   set the min description length, if shorter, warn
 113  --tab-size=n               set the number of spaces for tab (default $tabsize)
 114  --root=PATH                PATH to the kernel tree root
 115  --no-summary               suppress the per-file summary
 116  --mailback                 only produce a report in case of warnings/errors
 117  --summary-file             include the filename in summary
 118  --debug KEY=[0|1]          turn on/off debugging of KEY, where KEY is one of
 119                             'values', 'possible', 'type', and 'attr' (default
 120                             is all off)
 121  --test-only=WORD           report only warnings/errors containing WORD
 122                             literally
 123  --fix                      EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 124                             If correctable single-line errors exist, create
 125                             "<inputfile>.EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes"
 126                             with potential errors corrected to the preferred
 127                             checkpatch style
 128  --fix-inplace              EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 129                             Is the same as --fix, but overwrites the input
 130                             file.  It's your fault if there's no backup or git
 131  --ignore-perl-version      override checking of perl version.  expect
 132                             runtime errors.
 133  --codespell                Use the codespell dictionary for spelling/typos
 134                             (default:$codespellfile)
 135  --codespellfile            Use this codespell dictionary
 136  --typedefsfile             Read additional types from this file
 137  --color[=WHEN]             Use colors 'always', 'never', or only when output
 138                             is a terminal ('auto'). Default is 'auto'.
 139  --kconfig-prefix=WORD      use WORD as a prefix for Kconfig symbols (default
 140                             ${CONFIG_})
 141  -h, --help, --version      display this help and exit
 142
 143When FILE is - read standard input.
 144EOM
 145
 146	exit($exitcode);
 147}
 148
 149sub uniq {
 150	my %seen;
 151	return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_;
 152}
 153
 154sub list_types {
 155	my ($exitcode) = @_;
 156
 157	my $count = 0;
 158
 159	local $/ = undef;
 160
 161	open(my $script, '<', abs_path($P)) or
 162	    die "$P: Can't read '$P' $!\n";
 163
 164	my $text = <$script>;
 165	close($script);
 166
 167	my %types = ();
 168	# Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable
 169	while ($text =~ /(?:(\bCHK|\bWARN|\bERROR|&\{\$msg_level})\s*\(|\$msg_type\s*=)\s*"([^"]+)"/g) {
 170		if (defined($1)) {
 171			if (exists($types{$2})) {
 172				$types{$2} .= ",$1" if ($types{$2} ne $1);
 173			} else {
 174				$types{$2} = $1;
 175			}
 176		} else {
 177			$types{$2} = "UNDETERMINED";
 178		}
 179	}
 180
 181	print("#\tMessage type\n\n");
 182	if ($color) {
 183		print(" ( Color coding: ");
 184		print(RED . "ERROR" . RESET);
 185		print(" | ");
 186		print(YELLOW . "WARNING" . RESET);
 187		print(" | ");
 188		print(GREEN . "CHECK" . RESET);
 189		print(" | ");
 190		print("Multiple levels / Undetermined");
 191		print(" )\n\n");
 192	}
 193
 194	foreach my $type (sort keys %types) {
 195		my $orig_type = $type;
 196		if ($color) {
 197			my $level = $types{$type};
 198			if ($level eq "ERROR") {
 199				$type = RED . $type . RESET;
 200			} elsif ($level eq "WARN") {
 201				$type = YELLOW . $type . RESET;
 202			} elsif ($level eq "CHK") {
 203				$type = GREEN . $type . RESET;
 204			}
 205		}
 206		print(++$count . "\t" . $type . "\n");
 207		if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$orig_type})) {
 208			my $message = $verbose_messages{$orig_type};
 209			$message =~ s/\n/\n\t/g;
 210			print("\t" . $message . "\n\n");
 211		}
 212	}
 213
 214	exit($exitcode);
 215}
 216
 217my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file);
 218if (-f $conf) {
 219	my @conf_args;
 220	open(my $conffile, '<', "$conf")
 221	    or warn "$P: Can't find a readable $configuration_file file $!\n";
 222
 223	while (<$conffile>) {
 224		my $line = $_;
 225
 226		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 227		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 228		$line =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 229
 230		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 231		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 232
 233		my @words = split(" ", $line);
 234		foreach my $word (@words) {
 235			last if ($word =~ m/^#/);
 236			push (@conf_args, $word);
 237		}
 238	}
 239	close($conffile);
 240	unshift(@ARGV, @conf_args) if @conf_args;
 241}
 242
 243sub load_docs {
 244	open(my $docs, '<', "$docsfile")
 245	    or warn "$P: Can't read the documentation file $docsfile $!\n";
 246
 247	my $type = '';
 248	my $desc = '';
 249	my $in_desc = 0;
 250
 251	while (<$docs>) {
 252		chomp;
 253		my $line = $_;
 254		$line =~ s/\s+$//;
 255
 256		if ($line =~ /^\s*\*\*(.+)\*\*$/) {
 257			if ($desc ne '') {
 258				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 259			}
 260			$type = $1;
 261			$desc = '';
 262			$in_desc = 1;
 263		} elsif ($in_desc) {
 264			if ($line =~ /^(?:\s{4,}|$)/) {
 265				$line =~ s/^\s{4}//;
 266				$desc .= $line;
 267				$desc .= "\n";
 268			} else {
 269				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 270				$type = '';
 271				$desc = '';
 272				$in_desc = 0;
 273			}
 274		}
 275	}
 276
 277	if ($desc ne '') {
 278		$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 279	}
 280	close($docs);
 281}
 282
 283# Perl's Getopt::Long allows options to take optional arguments after a space.
 284# Prevent --color by itself from consuming other arguments
 285foreach (@ARGV) {
 286	if ($_ eq "--color" || $_ eq "-color") {
 287		$_ = "--color=$color";
 288	}
 289}
 290
 291GetOptions(
 292	'q|quiet+'	=> \$quiet,
 293	'v|verbose!'	=> \$verbose,
 294	'tree!'		=> \$tree,
 295	'signoff!'	=> \$chk_signoff,
 296	'patch!'	=> \$chk_patch,
 297	'emacs!'	=> \$emacs,
 298	'terse!'	=> \$terse,
 299	'showfile!'	=> \$showfile,
 300	'f|file!'	=> \$file,
 301	'g|git!'	=> \$git,
 302	'subjective!'	=> \$check,
 303	'strict!'	=> \$check,
 304	'ignore=s'	=> \@ignore,
 305	'types=s'	=> \@use,
 306	'show-types!'	=> \$show_types,
 307	'list-types!'	=> \$list_types,
 308	'max-line-length=i' => \$max_line_length,
 309	'min-conf-desc-length=i' => \$min_conf_desc_length,
 310	'tab-size=i'	=> \$tabsize,
 311	'root=s'	=> \$root,
 312	'summary!'	=> \$summary,
 313	'mailback!'	=> \$mailback,
 314	'summary-file!'	=> \$summary_file,
 315	'fix!'		=> \$fix,
 316	'fix-inplace!'	=> \$fix_inplace,
 317	'ignore-perl-version!' => \$ignore_perl_version,
 318	'debug=s'	=> \%debug,
 319	'test-only=s'	=> \$tst_only,
 320	'codespell!'	=> \$codespell,
 321	'codespellfile=s'	=> \$user_codespellfile,
 322	'typedefsfile=s'	=> \$typedefsfile,
 323	'color=s'	=> \$color,
 324	'no-color'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 325	'nocolor'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 326	'kconfig-prefix=s'	=> \${CONFIG_},
 327	'h|help'	=> \$help,
 328	'version'	=> \$help
 329) or $help = 2;
 330
 331if ($user_codespellfile) {
 332	# Use the user provided codespell file unconditionally
 333	$codespellfile = $user_codespellfile;
 334} elsif (!(-f $codespellfile)) {
 335	# If /usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt is not present, try to find it
 336	# under codespell's install directory: <codespell_root>/data/dictionary.txt
 337	if (($codespell || $help) && which("python3") ne "") {
 338		my $python_codespell_dict = << "EOF";
 339
 340import os.path as op
 341import codespell_lib
 342codespell_dir = op.dirname(codespell_lib.__file__)
 343codespell_file = op.join(codespell_dir, 'data', 'dictionary.txt')
 344print(codespell_file, end='')
 345EOF
 346
 347		my $codespell_dict = `python3 -c "$python_codespell_dict" 2> /dev/null`;
 348		$codespellfile = $codespell_dict if (-f $codespell_dict);
 349	}
 350}
 351
 352# $help is 1 if either -h, --help or --version is passed as option - exitcode: 0
 353# $help is 2 if invalid option is passed - exitcode: 1
 354help($help - 1) if ($help);
 355
 356die "$P: --git cannot be used with --file or --fix\n" if ($git && ($file || $fix));
 357die "$P: --verbose cannot be used with --terse\n" if ($verbose && $terse);
 358
 359if ($color =~ /^[01]$/) {
 360	$color = !$color;
 361} elsif ($color =~ /^always$/i) {
 362	$color = 1;
 363} elsif ($color =~ /^never$/i) {
 364	$color = 0;
 365} elsif ($color =~ /^auto$/i) {
 366	$color = (-t STDOUT);
 367} else {
 368	die "$P: Invalid color mode: $color\n";
 369}
 370
 371load_docs() if ($verbose);
 372list_types(0) if ($list_types);
 373
 374$fix = 1 if ($fix_inplace);
 375$check_orig = $check;
 376
 377my $exit = 0;
 378
 379my $perl_version_ok = 1;
 380if ($^V && $^V lt $minimum_perl_version) {
 381	$perl_version_ok = 0;
 382	printf "$P: requires at least perl version %vd\n", $minimum_perl_version;
 383	exit(1) if (!$ignore_perl_version);
 384}
 385
 386#if no filenames are given, push '-' to read patch from stdin
 387if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 388	push(@ARGV, '-');
 389}
 390
 391# skip TAB size 1 to avoid additional checks on $tabsize - 1
 392die "$P: Invalid TAB size: $tabsize\n" if ($tabsize < 2);
 393
 394sub hash_save_array_words {
 395	my ($hashRef, $arrayRef) = @_;
 396
 397	my @array = split(/,/, join(',', @$arrayRef));
 398	foreach my $word (@array) {
 399		$word =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 400		$word =~ s/^\s*//g;
 401		$word =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 402		$word =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
 403
 404		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*#/);
 405		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/);
 406
 407		$hashRef->{$word}++;
 408	}
 409}
 410
 411sub hash_show_words {
 412	my ($hashRef, $prefix) = @_;
 413
 414	if (keys %$hashRef) {
 415		print "\nNOTE: $prefix message types:";
 416		foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) {
 417			print " $word";
 418		}
 419		print "\n";
 420	}
 421}
 422
 423hash_save_array_words(\%ignore_type, \@ignore);
 424hash_save_array_words(\%use_type, \@use);
 425
 426my $dbg_values = 0;
 427my $dbg_possible = 0;
 428my $dbg_type = 0;
 429my $dbg_attr = 0;
 430for my $key (keys %debug) {
 431	## no critic
 432	eval "\${dbg_$key} = '$debug{$key}';";
 433	die "$@" if ($@);
 434}
 435
 436my $rpt_cleaners = 0;
 437
 438if ($terse) {
 439	$emacs = 1;
 440	$quiet++;
 441}
 442
 443if ($tree) {
 444	if (defined $root) {
 445		if (!top_of_kernel_tree($root)) {
 446			die "$P: $root: --root does not point at a valid tree\n";
 447		}
 448	} else {
 449		if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) {
 450			$root = '.';
 451		} elsif ($0 =~ m@(.*)/scripts/[^/]*$@ &&
 452						top_of_kernel_tree($1)) {
 453			$root = $1;
 454		}
 455	}
 456
 457	if (!defined $root) {
 458		print "Must be run from the top-level dir. of a kernel tree\n";
 459		exit(2);
 460	}
 461}
 462
 463my $emitted_corrupt = 0;
 464
 465our $Ident	= qr{
 466			[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*
 467			(?:\s*\#\#\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)*
 468		}x;
 469our $Storage	= qr{extern|static|asmlinkage};
 470our $Sparse	= qr{
 471			__user|
 472			__kernel|
 473			__force|
 474			__iomem|
 475			__must_check|
 476			__kprobes|
 477			__ref|
 478			__refconst|
 479			__refdata|
 480			__rcu|
 481			__private
 482		}x;
 483our $InitAttributePrefix = qr{__(?:mem|cpu|dev|net_|)};
 484our $InitAttributeData = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initdata\b)};
 485our $InitAttributeConst = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initconst\b)};
 486our $InitAttributeInit = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:init\b)};
 487our $InitAttribute = qr{$InitAttributeData|$InitAttributeConst|$InitAttributeInit};
 488
 489# Notes to $Attribute:
 490# We need \b after 'init' otherwise 'initconst' will cause a false positive in a check
 491our $Attribute	= qr{
 492			const|
 493			volatile|
 494			__percpu|
 495			__nocast|
 496			__safe|
 497			__bitwise|
 498			__packed__|
 499			__packed2__|
 500			__naked|
 501			__maybe_unused|
 502			__always_unused|
 503			__noreturn|
 504			__used|
 505			__cold|
 506			__pure|
 507			__noclone|
 508			__deprecated|
 509			__read_mostly|
 510			__ro_after_init|
 511			__kprobes|
 512			$InitAttribute|
 
 513			____cacheline_aligned|
 514			____cacheline_aligned_in_smp|
 515			____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp|
 516			__weak|
 517			__alloc_size\s*\(\s*\d+\s*(?:,\s*\d+\s*)?\)
 518		  }x;
 519our $Modifier;
 520our $Inline	= qr{inline|__always_inline|noinline|__inline|__inline__};
 521our $Member	= qr{->$Ident|\.$Ident|\[[^]]*\]};
 522our $Lval	= qr{$Ident(?:$Member)*};
 523
 524our $Int_type	= qr{(?i)llu|ull|ll|lu|ul|l|u};
 525our $Binary	= qr{(?i)0b[01]+$Int_type?};
 526our $Hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type?};
 527our $Int	= qr{[0-9]+$Int_type?};
 528our $Octal	= qr{0[0-7]+$Int_type?};
 529our $String	= qr{(?:\b[Lu])?"[X\t]*"};
 530our $Float_hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+p-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 531our $Float_dec	= qr{(?i)(?:[0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+)(?:e-?[0-9]+)?[fl]?};
 532our $Float_int	= qr{(?i)[0-9]+e-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 533our $Float	= qr{$Float_hex|$Float_dec|$Float_int};
 534our $Constant	= qr{$Float|$Binary|$Octal|$Hex|$Int};
 535our $Assignment	= qr{\*\=|/=|%=|\+=|-=|<<=|>>=|&=|\^=|\|=|=};
 536our $Compare    = qr{<=|>=|==|!=|<|(?<!-)>};
 537our $Arithmetic = qr{\+|-|\*|\/|%};
 538our $Operators	= qr{
 539			<=|>=|==|!=|
 540			=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|!|~|
 541			&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||$Arithmetic
 542		  }x;
 543
 544our $c90_Keywords = qr{do|for|while|if|else|return|goto|continue|switch|default|case|break}x;
 545
 546our $BasicType;
 547our $NonptrType;
 548our $NonptrTypeMisordered;
 549our $NonptrTypeWithAttr;
 550our $Type;
 551our $TypeMisordered;
 552our $Declare;
 553our $DeclareMisordered;
 554
 555our $NON_ASCII_UTF8	= qr{
 556	[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]               # non-overlong 2-byte
 557	|  \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding overlongs
 558	| [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # straight 3-byte
 559	|  \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding surrogates
 560	|  \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # planes 1-3
 561	| [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
 562	|  \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # plane 16
 563}x;
 564
 565our $UTF8	= qr{
 566	[\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]              # ASCII
 567	| $NON_ASCII_UTF8
 568}x;
 569
 570our $typeC99Typedefs = qr{(?:__)?(?:[us]_?)?int_?(?:8|16|32|64)_t};
 571our $typeOtherOSTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 572	u_(?:char|short|int|long) |          # bsd
 573	u(?:nchar|short|int|long)            # sysv
 574)};
 575our $typeKernelTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 576	(?:__)?(?:u|s|be|le)(?:8|16|32|64)|
 577	atomic_t
 578)};
 579our $typeStdioTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 580	FILE
 581)};
 582our $typeTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 583	$typeC99Typedefs\b|
 584	$typeOtherOSTypedefs\b|
 585	$typeKernelTypedefs\b|
 586	$typeStdioTypedefs\b
 587)};
 588
 589our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(?:0[xX])?0+$Int_type?|NULL|false)\b};
 590
 591our $logFunctions = qr{(?x:
 592	printk(?:_ratelimited|_once|_deferred_once|_deferred|)|
 593	(?:[a-z0-9]+_){1,2}(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(?:_ratelimited|_once|)|
 594	TP_printk|
 595	WARN(?:_RATELIMIT|_ONCE|)|
 596	panic|
 597	MODULE_[A-Z_]+|
 598	seq_vprintf|seq_printf|seq_puts
 599)};
 600
 601our $allocFunctions = qr{(?x:
 602	(?:(?:devm_)?
 603		(?:kv|k|v)[czm]alloc(?:_array)?(?:_node)? |
 604		kstrdup(?:_const)? |
 605		kmemdup(?:_nul)?) |
 606	(?:\w+)?alloc_skb(?:_ip_align)? |
 607				# dev_alloc_skb/netdev_alloc_skb, et al
 608	dma_alloc_coherent
 609)};
 610
 611our $signature_tags = qr{(?xi:
 612	Signed-off-by:|
 613	Co-developed-by:|
 614	Acked-by:|
 615	Tested-by:|
 616	Reviewed-by:|
 617	Reported-by:|
 618	Suggested-by:|
 619	To:|
 620	Cc:
 621)};
 622
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 623our $tracing_logging_tags = qr{(?xi:
 624	[=-]*> |
 625	<[=-]* |
 626	\[ |
 627	\] |
 628	start |
 629	called |
 630	entered |
 631	entry |
 632	enter |
 633	in |
 634	inside |
 635	here |
 636	begin |
 637	exit |
 638	end |
 639	done |
 640	leave |
 641	completed |
 642	out |
 643	return |
 644	[\.\!:\s]*
 645)};
 646
 647sub edit_distance_min {
 648	my (@arr) = @_;
 649	my $len = scalar @arr;
 650	if ((scalar @arr) < 1) {
 651		# if underflow, return
 652		return;
 653	}
 654	my $min = $arr[0];
 655	for my $i (0 .. ($len-1)) {
 656		if ($arr[$i] < $min) {
 657			$min = $arr[$i];
 658		}
 659	}
 660	return $min;
 661}
 662
 663sub get_edit_distance {
 664	my ($str1, $str2) = @_;
 665	$str1 = lc($str1);
 666	$str2 = lc($str2);
 667	$str1 =~ s/-//g;
 668	$str2 =~ s/-//g;
 669	my $len1 = length($str1);
 670	my $len2 = length($str2);
 671	# two dimensional array storing minimum edit distance
 672	my @distance;
 673	for my $i (0 .. $len1) {
 674		for my $j (0 .. $len2) {
 675			if ($i == 0) {
 676				$distance[$i][$j] = $j;
 677			} elsif ($j == 0) {
 678				$distance[$i][$j] = $i;
 679			} elsif (substr($str1, $i-1, 1) eq substr($str2, $j-1, 1)) {
 680				$distance[$i][$j] = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1];
 681			} else {
 682				my $dist1 = $distance[$i][$j - 1]; #insert distance
 683				my $dist2 = $distance[$i - 1][$j]; # remove
 684				my $dist3 = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1]; #replace
 685				$distance[$i][$j] = 1 + edit_distance_min($dist1, $dist2, $dist3);
 686			}
 687		}
 688	}
 689	return $distance[$len1][$len2];
 690}
 691
 692sub find_standard_signature {
 693	my ($sign_off) = @_;
 694	my @standard_signature_tags = (
 695		'Signed-off-by:', 'Co-developed-by:', 'Acked-by:', 'Tested-by:',
 696		'Reviewed-by:', 'Reported-by:', 'Suggested-by:'
 697	);
 698	foreach my $signature (@standard_signature_tags) {
 699		return $signature if (get_edit_distance($sign_off, $signature) <= 2);
 700	}
 701
 702	return "";
 703}
 704
 705our $obsolete_archives = qr{(?xi:
 706	\Qfreedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel\E |
 707	\Qlists.infradead.org\E |
 708	\Qlkml.org\E |
 709	\Qmail-archive.com\E |
 710	\Qmailman.alsa-project.org/pipermail\E |
 711	\Qmarc.info\E |
 712	\Qozlabs.org/pipermail\E |
 713	\Qspinics.net\E
 714)};
 715
 716our @typeListMisordered = (
 717	qr{char\s+(?:un)?signed},
 718	qr{int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s},
 719	qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 720	qr{short\s+int(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 721	qr{(?:un)?signed\s+int\s+short},
 722	qr{short\s+(?:un)?signed},
 723	qr{long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 724	qr{int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 725	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 726	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed\s+long},
 727	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 728	qr{int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 729	qr{long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 730	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 731	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 732	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 733);
 734
 735our @typeList = (
 736	qr{void},
 737	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?char},
 738	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s+int},
 739	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short},
 740	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int},
 741	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int},
 742	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int},
 743	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long},
 744	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long},
 745	qr{(?:un)?signed},
 746	qr{float},
 747	qr{double},
 748	qr{bool},
 749	qr{struct\s+$Ident},
 750	qr{union\s+$Ident},
 751	qr{enum\s+$Ident},
 752	qr{${Ident}_t},
 753	qr{${Ident}_handler},
 754	qr{${Ident}_handler_fn},
 755	@typeListMisordered,
 756);
 757
 758our $C90_int_types = qr{(?x:
 759	long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 760	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 761	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 762	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int|
 763	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 764	int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 765	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 766
 767	long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 768	long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 769	long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 770	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int|
 771	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 772	int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 773	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 774
 775	int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 776	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int
 777)};
 778
 779our @typeListFile = ();
 780our @typeListWithAttr = (
 781	@typeList,
 782	qr{struct\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 783	qr{union\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 784);
 785
 786our @modifierList = (
 787	qr{fastcall},
 788);
 789our @modifierListFile = ();
 790
 791our @mode_permission_funcs = (
 792	["module_param", 3],
 793	["module_param_(?:array|named|string)", 4],
 794	["module_param_array_named", 5],
 795	["debugfs_create_(?:file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2],
 796	["proc_create(?:_data|)", 2],
 797	["(?:CLASS|DEVICE|SENSOR|SENSOR_DEVICE|IIO_DEVICE)_ATTR", 2],
 798	["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1],
 799	["SENSOR_(?:DEVICE_|)ATTR_2", 2],
 800	["SENSOR_TEMPLATE(?:_2|)", 3],
 801	["__ATTR", 2],
 802);
 803
 804my $word_pattern = '\b[A-Z]?[a-z]{2,}\b';
 805
 806#Create a search pattern for all these functions to speed up a loop below
 807our $mode_perms_search = "";
 808foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
 809	$mode_perms_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_search ne "");
 810	$mode_perms_search .= $entry->[0];
 811}
 812$mode_perms_search = "(?:${mode_perms_search})";
 813
 814our %deprecated_apis = (
 815	"synchronize_rcu_bh"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 816	"synchronize_rcu_bh_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 817	"call_rcu_bh"				=> "call_rcu",
 818	"rcu_barrier_bh"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 819	"synchronize_sched"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 820	"synchronize_sched_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 821	"call_rcu_sched"			=> "call_rcu",
 822	"rcu_barrier_sched"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 823	"get_state_synchronize_sched"		=> "get_state_synchronize_rcu",
 824	"cond_synchronize_sched"		=> "cond_synchronize_rcu",
 825	"kmap"					=> "kmap_local_page",
 
 826	"kmap_atomic"				=> "kmap_local_page",
 
 827);
 828
 829#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 830our $deprecated_apis_search = "";
 831foreach my $entry (keys %deprecated_apis) {
 832	$deprecated_apis_search .= '|' if ($deprecated_apis_search ne "");
 833	$deprecated_apis_search .= $entry;
 834}
 835$deprecated_apis_search = "(?:${deprecated_apis_search})";
 836
 837our $mode_perms_world_writable = qr{
 838	S_IWUGO		|
 839	S_IWOTH		|
 840	S_IRWXUGO	|
 841	S_IALLUGO	|
 842	0[0-7][0-7][2367]
 843}x;
 844
 845our %mode_permission_string_types = (
 846	"S_IRWXU" => 0700,
 847	"S_IRUSR" => 0400,
 848	"S_IWUSR" => 0200,
 849	"S_IXUSR" => 0100,
 850	"S_IRWXG" => 0070,
 851	"S_IRGRP" => 0040,
 852	"S_IWGRP" => 0020,
 853	"S_IXGRP" => 0010,
 854	"S_IRWXO" => 0007,
 855	"S_IROTH" => 0004,
 856	"S_IWOTH" => 0002,
 857	"S_IXOTH" => 0001,
 858	"S_IRWXUGO" => 0777,
 859	"S_IRUGO" => 0444,
 860	"S_IWUGO" => 0222,
 861	"S_IXUGO" => 0111,
 862);
 863
 864#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 865our $mode_perms_string_search = "";
 866foreach my $entry (keys %mode_permission_string_types) {
 867	$mode_perms_string_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_string_search ne "");
 868	$mode_perms_string_search .= $entry;
 869}
 870our $single_mode_perms_string_search = "(?:${mode_perms_string_search})";
 871our $multi_mode_perms_string_search = qr{
 872	${single_mode_perms_string_search}
 873	(?:\s*\|\s*${single_mode_perms_string_search})*
 874}x;
 875
 876sub perms_to_octal {
 877	my ($string) = @_;
 878
 879	return trim($string) if ($string =~ /^\s*0[0-7]{3,3}\s*$/);
 880
 881	my $val = "";
 882	my $oval = "";
 883	my $to = 0;
 884	my $curpos = 0;
 885	my $lastpos = 0;
 886	while ($string =~ /\b(($single_mode_perms_string_search)\b(?:\s*\|\s*)?\s*)/g) {
 887		$curpos = pos($string);
 888		my $match = $2;
 889		my $omatch = $1;
 890		last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos));
 891		$lastpos = $curpos;
 892		$to |= $mode_permission_string_types{$match};
 893		$val .= '\s*\|\s*' if ($val ne "");
 894		$val .= $match;
 895		$oval .= $omatch;
 896	}
 897	$oval =~ s/^\s*\|\s*//;
 898	$oval =~ s/\s*\|\s*$//;
 899	return sprintf("%04o", $to);
 900}
 901
 902our $allowed_asm_includes = qr{(?x:
 903	irq|
 904	memory|
 905	time|
 906	reboot
 907)};
 908# memory.h: ARM has a custom one
 909
 910# Load common spelling mistakes and build regular expression list.
 911my $misspellings;
 912my %spelling_fix;
 913
 914if (open(my $spelling, '<', $spelling_file)) {
 915	while (<$spelling>) {
 916		my $line = $_;
 917
 918		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 919		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 920
 921		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 922		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 923
 924		my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/\|\|/, $line);
 925
 926		$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 927	}
 928	close($spelling);
 929} else {
 930	warn "No typos will be found - file '$spelling_file': $!\n";
 931}
 932
 933if ($codespell) {
 934	if (open(my $spelling, '<', $codespellfile)) {
 935		while (<$spelling>) {
 936			my $line = $_;
 937
 938			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 939			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 940
 941			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 942			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 943			next if ($line =~ m/, disabled/i);
 944
 945			$line =~ s/,.*$//;
 946
 947			my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/->/, $line);
 948
 949			$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 950		}
 951		close($spelling);
 952	} else {
 953		warn "No codespell typos will be found - file '$codespellfile': $!\n";
 954	}
 955}
 956
 957$misspellings = join("|", sort keys %spelling_fix) if keys %spelling_fix;
 958
 959sub read_words {
 960	my ($wordsRef, $file) = @_;
 961
 962	if (open(my $words, '<', $file)) {
 963		while (<$words>) {
 964			my $line = $_;
 965
 966			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 967			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 968
 969			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 970			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 971			if ($line =~ /\s/) {
 972				print("$file: '$line' invalid - ignored\n");
 973				next;
 974			}
 975
 976			$$wordsRef .= '|' if (defined $$wordsRef);
 977			$$wordsRef .= $line;
 978		}
 979		close($file);
 980		return 1;
 981	}
 982
 983	return 0;
 984}
 985
 986my $const_structs;
 987if (show_type("CONST_STRUCT")) {
 988	read_words(\$const_structs, $conststructsfile)
 989	    or warn "No structs that should be const will be found - file '$conststructsfile': $!\n";
 990}
 991
 992if (defined($typedefsfile)) {
 993	my $typeOtherTypedefs;
 994	read_words(\$typeOtherTypedefs, $typedefsfile)
 995	    or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n";
 996	$typeTypedefs .= '|' . $typeOtherTypedefs if (defined $typeOtherTypedefs);
 997}
 998
 999sub build_types {
1000	my $mods = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@modifierList, @modifierListFile)) . "\n)";
1001	my $all = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@typeList, @typeListFile)) . "\n)";
1002	my $Misordered = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListMisordered) . "\n)";
1003	my $allWithAttr = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListWithAttr) . "\n)";
1004	$Modifier	= qr{(?:$Attribute|$Sparse|$mods)};
1005	$BasicType	= qr{
1006				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1007				(?:${all}\b)
1008		}x;
1009	$NonptrType	= qr{
1010			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1011			(?:
1012				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1013				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1014				(?:${all}\b)
1015			)
1016			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1017		  }x;
1018	$NonptrTypeMisordered	= qr{
1019			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1020			(?:
1021				(?:${Misordered}\b)
1022			)
1023			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1024		  }x;
1025	$NonptrTypeWithAttr	= qr{
1026			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1027			(?:
1028				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1029				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1030				(?:${allWithAttr}\b)
1031			)
1032			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1033		  }x;
1034	$Type	= qr{
1035			$NonptrType
1036			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1037			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1038		  }x;
1039	$TypeMisordered	= qr{
1040			$NonptrTypeMisordered
1041			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1042			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1043		  }x;
1044	$Declare	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$Type};
1045	$DeclareMisordered	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$TypeMisordered};
1046}
1047build_types();
1048
1049our $Typecast	= qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*};
1050
1051# Using $balanced_parens, $LvalOrFunc, or $FuncArg
1052# requires at least perl version v5.10.0
1053# Any use must be runtime checked with $^V
1054
1055our $balanced_parens = qr/(\((?:[^\(\)]++|(?-1))*\))/;
1056our $LvalOrFunc	= qr{((?:[\&\*]\s*)?$Lval)\s*($balanced_parens{0,1})\s*};
1057our $FuncArg = qr{$Typecast{0,1}($LvalOrFunc|$Constant|$String)};
1058
1059our $declaration_macros = qr{(?x:
1060	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:[A-Z_][A-Z0-9]*_){0,2}(?:DEFINE|DECLARE)(?:_[A-Z0-9]+){1,6}\s*\(|
1061	(?:$Storage\s+)?[HLP]?LIST_HEAD\s*\(|
1062	(?:SKCIPHER_REQUEST|SHASH_DESC|AHASH_REQUEST)_ON_STACK\s*\(|
1063	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:XA_STATE|XA_STATE_ORDER)\s*\(
1064)};
1065
1066our %allow_repeated_words = (
1067	add => '',
1068	added => '',
1069	bad => '',
1070	be => '',
1071);
1072
1073sub deparenthesize {
1074	my ($string) = @_;
1075	return "" if (!defined($string));
1076
1077	while ($string =~ /^\s*\(.*\)\s*$/) {
1078		$string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@;
1079		$string =~ s@\s*\)\s*$@@;
1080	}
1081
1082	$string =~ s@\s+@ @g;
1083
1084	return $string;
1085}
1086
1087sub seed_camelcase_file {
1088	my ($file) = @_;
1089
1090	return if (!(-f $file));
1091
1092	local $/;
1093
1094	open(my $include_file, '<', "$file")
1095	    or warn "$P: Can't read '$file' $!\n";
1096	my $text = <$include_file>;
1097	close($include_file);
1098
1099	my @lines = split('\n', $text);
1100
1101	foreach my $line (@lines) {
1102		next if ($line !~ /(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])/);
1103		if ($line =~ /^[ \t]*(?:#[ \t]*define|typedef\s+$Type)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)/) {
1104			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1105		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*$Declare\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[\(\[,;]/) {
1106			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1107		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*(?:union|struct|enum)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[;\{]/) {
1108			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1109		}
1110	}
1111}
1112
1113our %maintained_status = ();
1114
1115sub is_maintained_obsolete {
1116	my ($filename) = @_;
1117
1118	return 0 if (!$tree || !(-e "$root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl"));
1119
1120	if (!exists($maintained_status{$filename})) {
1121		$maintained_status{$filename} = `perl $root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl --status --nom --nol --nogit --nogit-fallback -f $filename 2>&1`;
1122	}
1123
1124	return $maintained_status{$filename} =~ /obsolete/i;
1125}
1126
1127sub is_SPDX_License_valid {
1128	my ($license) = @_;
1129
1130	return 1 if (!$tree || which("python3") eq "" || !(-x "$root/scripts/spdxcheck.py") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1131
1132	my $root_path = abs_path($root);
1133	my $status = `cd "$root_path"; echo "$license" | scripts/spdxcheck.py -`;
1134	return 0 if ($status ne "");
1135	return 1;
1136}
1137
1138my $camelcase_seeded = 0;
1139sub seed_camelcase_includes {
1140	return if ($camelcase_seeded);
1141
1142	my $files;
1143	my $camelcase_cache = "";
1144	my @include_files = ();
1145
1146	$camelcase_seeded = 1;
1147
1148	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1149		my $git_last_include_commit = `${git_command} log --no-merges --pretty=format:"%h%n" -1 -- include`;
1150		chomp $git_last_include_commit;
1151		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.git.$git_last_include_commit";
1152	} else {
1153		my $last_mod_date = 0;
1154		$files = `find $root/include -name "*.h"`;
1155		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1156		foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1157			my $date = POSIX::strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M",
1158						   localtime((stat $file)[9]));
1159			$last_mod_date = $date if ($last_mod_date < $date);
1160		}
1161		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.date.$last_mod_date";
1162	}
1163
1164	if ($camelcase_cache ne "" && -f $camelcase_cache) {
1165		open(my $camelcase_file, '<', "$camelcase_cache")
1166		    or warn "$P: Can't read '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1167		while (<$camelcase_file>) {
1168			chomp;
1169			$camelcase{$_} = 1;
1170		}
1171		close($camelcase_file);
1172
1173		return;
1174	}
1175
1176	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1177		$files = `${git_command} ls-files "include/*.h"`;
1178		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1179	}
1180
1181	foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1182		seed_camelcase_file($file);
1183	}
1184
1185	if ($camelcase_cache ne "") {
1186		unlink glob ".checkpatch-camelcase.*";
1187		open(my $camelcase_file, '>', "$camelcase_cache")
1188		    or warn "$P: Can't write '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1189		foreach (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys(%camelcase)) {
1190			print $camelcase_file ("$_\n");
1191		}
1192		close($camelcase_file);
1193	}
1194}
1195
1196sub git_is_single_file {
1197	my ($filename) = @_;
1198
1199	return 0 if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1200
1201	my $output = `${git_command} ls-files -- $filename 2>/dev/null`;
1202	my $count = $output =~ tr/\n//;
1203	return $count eq 1 && $output =~ m{^${filename}$};
1204}
1205
1206sub git_commit_info {
1207	my ($commit, $id, $desc) = @_;
1208
1209	return ($id, $desc) if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1210
1211	my $output = `${git_command} log --no-color --format='%H %s' -1 $commit 2>&1`;
1212	$output =~ s/^\s*//gm;
1213	my @lines = split("\n", $output);
1214
1215	return ($id, $desc) if ($#lines < 0);
1216
1217	if ($lines[0] =~ /^error: short SHA1 $commit is ambiguous/) {
1218# Maybe one day convert this block of bash into something that returns
1219# all matching commit ids, but it's very slow...
1220#
1221#		echo "checking commits $1..."
1222#		git rev-list --remotes | grep -i "^$1" |
1223#		while read line ; do
1224#		    git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line |
1225#		    echo "commit $(cut -c 1-12,41-)"
1226#		done
1227	} elsif ($lines[0] =~ /^fatal: ambiguous argument '$commit': unknown revision or path not in the working tree\./ ||
1228		 $lines[0] =~ /^fatal: bad object $commit/) {
1229		$id = undef;
1230	} else {
1231		$id = substr($lines[0], 0, 12);
1232		$desc = substr($lines[0], 41);
1233	}
1234
1235	return ($id, $desc);
1236}
1237
1238$chk_signoff = 0 if ($file);
1239
1240my @rawlines = ();
1241my @lines = ();
1242my @fixed = ();
1243my @fixed_inserted = ();
1244my @fixed_deleted = ();
1245my $fixlinenr = -1;
1246
1247# If input is git commits, extract all commits from the commit expressions.
1248# For example, HEAD-3 means we need check 'HEAD, HEAD~1, HEAD~2'.
1249die "$P: No git repository found\n" if ($git && !-e "$gitroot");
1250
1251if ($git) {
1252	my @commits = ();
1253	foreach my $commit_expr (@ARGV) {
1254		my $git_range;
1255		if ($commit_expr =~ m/^(.*)-(\d+)$/) {
1256			$git_range = "-$2 $1";
1257		} elsif ($commit_expr =~ m/\.\./) {
1258			$git_range = "$commit_expr";
1259		} else {
1260			$git_range = "-1 $commit_expr";
1261		}
1262		my $lines = `${git_command} log --no-color --no-merges --pretty=format:'%H %s' $git_range`;
1263		foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) {
1264			$line =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]{40,40}) (.*)$/;
1265			next if (!defined($1) || !defined($2));
1266			my $sha1 = $1;
1267			my $subject = $2;
1268			unshift(@commits, $sha1);
1269			$git_commits{$sha1} = $subject;
1270		}
1271	}
1272	die "$P: no git commits after extraction!\n" if (@commits == 0);
1273	@ARGV = @commits;
1274}
1275
1276my $vname;
1277$allow_c99_comments = !defined $ignore_type{"C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE"};
1278for my $filename (@ARGV) {
1279	my $FILE;
1280	my $is_git_file = git_is_single_file($filename);
1281	my $oldfile = $file;
1282	$file = 1 if ($is_git_file);
1283	if ($git) {
1284		open($FILE, '-|', "git format-patch -M --stdout -1 $filename") ||
1285			die "$P: $filename: git format-patch failed - $!\n";
1286	} elsif ($file) {
1287		open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") ||
1288			die "$P: $filename: diff failed - $!\n";
1289	} elsif ($filename eq '-') {
1290		open($FILE, '<&STDIN');
1291	} else {
1292		open($FILE, '<', "$filename") ||
1293			die "$P: $filename: open failed - $!\n";
1294	}
1295	if ($filename eq '-') {
1296		$vname = 'Your patch';
1297	} elsif ($git) {
1298		$vname = "Commit " . substr($filename, 0, 12) . ' ("' . $git_commits{$filename} . '")';
1299	} else {
1300		$vname = $filename;
1301	}
1302	while (<$FILE>) {
1303		chomp;
1304		push(@rawlines, $_);
1305		$vname = qq("$1") if ($filename eq '-' && $_ =~ m/^Subject:\s+(.+)/i);
1306	}
1307	close($FILE);
1308
1309	if ($#ARGV > 0 && $quiet == 0) {
1310		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1311		print "$vname\n";
1312		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1313	}
1314
1315	if (!process($filename)) {
1316		$exit = 1;
1317	}
1318	@rawlines = ();
1319	@lines = ();
1320	@fixed = ();
1321	@fixed_inserted = ();
1322	@fixed_deleted = ();
1323	$fixlinenr = -1;
1324	@modifierListFile = ();
1325	@typeListFile = ();
1326	build_types();
1327	$file = $oldfile if ($is_git_file);
1328}
1329
1330if (!$quiet) {
1331	hash_show_words(\%use_type, "Used");
1332	hash_show_words(\%ignore_type, "Ignored");
1333
1334	if (!$perl_version_ok) {
1335		print << "EOM"
1336
1337NOTE: perl $^V is not modern enough to detect all possible issues.
1338      An upgrade to at least perl $minimum_perl_version is suggested.
1339EOM
1340	}
1341	if ($exit) {
1342		print << "EOM"
1343
1344NOTE: If any of the errors are false positives, please report
1345      them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS.
1346EOM
1347	}
1348}
1349
1350exit($exit);
1351
1352sub top_of_kernel_tree {
1353	my ($root) = @_;
1354
1355	my @tree_check = (
1356		"COPYING", "CREDITS", "Kbuild", "MAINTAINERS", "Makefile",
1357		"README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers",
1358		"fs", "init", "ipc", "kernel", "lib", "scripts",
1359	);
1360
1361	foreach my $check (@tree_check) {
1362		if (! -e $root . '/' . $check) {
1363			return 0;
1364		}
1365	}
1366	return 1;
1367}
1368
1369sub parse_email {
1370	my ($formatted_email) = @_;
1371
1372	my $name = "";
1373	my $quoted = "";
1374	my $name_comment = "";
1375	my $address = "";
1376	my $comment = "";
1377
1378	if ($formatted_email =~ /^(.*)<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1379		$name = $1;
1380		$address = $2;
1381		$comment = $3 if defined $3;
1382	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^\s*<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1383		$address = $1;
1384		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1385	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /(\S+\@\S+)(.*)$/) {
1386		$address = $1;
1387		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1388		$formatted_email =~ s/\Q$address\E.*$//;
1389		$name = $formatted_email;
1390		$name = trim($name);
1391		$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
1392		# If there's a name left after stripping spaces and
1393		# leading quotes, and the address doesn't have both
1394		# leading and trailing angle brackets, the address
1395		# is invalid. ie:
1396		#   "joe smith joe@smith.com" bad
1397		#   "joe smith <joe@smith.com" bad
1398		if ($name ne "" && $address !~ /^<[^>]+>$/) {
1399			$name = "";
1400			$address = "";
1401			$comment = "";
1402		}
1403	}
1404
1405	# Extract comments from names excluding quoted parts
1406	# "John D. (Doe)" - Do not extract
1407	if ($name =~ s/\"(.+)\"//) {
1408		$quoted = $1;
1409	}
1410	while ($name =~ s/\s*($balanced_parens)\s*/ /) {
1411		$name_comment .= trim($1);
1412	}
1413	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1414	$name = trim("$quoted $name");
1415
1416	$address = trim($address);
1417	$address =~ s/^\<|\>$//g;
1418	$comment = trim($comment);
1419
1420	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1421		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1422		$name = "\"$name\"";
1423	}
1424
1425	return ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment);
1426}
1427
1428sub format_email {
1429	my ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment) = @_;
1430
1431	my $formatted_email;
1432
1433	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1434	$address = trim($address);
1435	$address =~ s/(?:\.|\,|\")+$//; ##trailing commas, dots or quotes
1436
1437	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1438		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1439		$name = "\"$name\"";
1440	}
1441
1442	$name_comment = trim($name_comment);
1443	$name_comment = " $name_comment" if ($name_comment ne "");
1444	$comment = trim($comment);
1445	$comment = " $comment" if ($comment ne "");
1446
1447	if ("$name" eq "") {
1448		$formatted_email = "$address";
1449	} else {
1450		$formatted_email = "$name$name_comment <$address>";
1451	}
1452	$formatted_email .= "$comment";
1453	return $formatted_email;
1454}
1455
1456sub reformat_email {
1457	my ($email) = @_;
1458
1459	my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
1460	return format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment);
1461}
1462
1463sub same_email_addresses {
1464	my ($email1, $email2) = @_;
1465
1466	my ($email1_name, $name1_comment, $email1_address, $comment1) = parse_email($email1);
1467	my ($email2_name, $name2_comment, $email2_address, $comment2) = parse_email($email2);
1468
1469	return $email1_name eq $email2_name &&
1470	       $email1_address eq $email2_address &&
1471	       $name1_comment eq $name2_comment &&
1472	       $comment1 eq $comment2;
1473}
1474
1475sub which {
1476	my ($bin) = @_;
1477
1478	foreach my $path (split(/:/, $ENV{PATH})) {
1479		if (-e "$path/$bin") {
1480			return "$path/$bin";
1481		}
1482	}
1483
1484	return "";
1485}
1486
1487sub which_conf {
1488	my ($conf) = @_;
1489
1490	foreach my $path (split(/:/, ".:$ENV{HOME}:.scripts")) {
1491		if (-e "$path/$conf") {
1492			return "$path/$conf";
1493		}
1494	}
1495
1496	return "";
1497}
1498
1499sub expand_tabs {
1500	my ($str) = @_;
1501
1502	my $res = '';
1503	my $n = 0;
1504	for my $c (split(//, $str)) {
1505		if ($c eq "\t") {
1506			$res .= ' ';
1507			$n++;
1508			for (; ($n % $tabsize) != 0; $n++) {
1509				$res .= ' ';
1510			}
1511			next;
1512		}
1513		$res .= $c;
1514		$n++;
1515	}
1516
1517	return $res;
1518}
1519sub copy_spacing {
1520	(my $res = shift) =~ tr/\t/ /c;
1521	return $res;
1522}
1523
1524sub line_stats {
1525	my ($line) = @_;
1526
1527	# Drop the diff line leader and expand tabs
1528	$line =~ s/^.//;
1529	$line = expand_tabs($line);
1530
1531	# Pick the indent from the front of the line.
1532	my ($white) = ($line =~ /^(\s*)/);
1533
1534	return (length($line), length($white));
1535}
1536
1537my $sanitise_quote = '';
1538
1539sub sanitise_line_reset {
1540	my ($in_comment) = @_;
1541
1542	if ($in_comment) {
1543		$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1544	} else {
1545		$sanitise_quote = '';
1546	}
1547}
1548sub sanitise_line {
1549	my ($line) = @_;
1550
1551	my $res = '';
1552	my $l = '';
1553
1554	my $qlen = 0;
1555	my $off = 0;
1556	my $c;
1557
1558	# Always copy over the diff marker.
1559	$res = substr($line, 0, 1);
1560
1561	for ($off = 1; $off < length($line); $off++) {
1562		$c = substr($line, $off, 1);
1563
1564		# Comments we are whacking completely including the begin
1565		# and end, all to $;.
1566		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '/*') {
1567			$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1568
1569			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1570			$off++;
1571			next;
1572		}
1573		if ($sanitise_quote eq '*/' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '*/') {
1574			$sanitise_quote = '';
1575			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1576			$off++;
1577			next;
1578		}
1579		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '//') {
1580			$sanitise_quote = '//';
1581
1582			substr($res, $off, 2, $sanitise_quote);
1583			$off++;
1584			next;
1585		}
1586
1587		# A \ in a string means ignore the next character.
1588		if (($sanitise_quote eq "'" || $sanitise_quote eq '"') &&
1589		    $c eq "\\") {
1590			substr($res, $off, 2, 'XX');
1591			$off++;
1592			next;
1593		}
1594		# Regular quotes.
1595		if ($c eq "'" || $c eq '"') {
1596			if ($sanitise_quote eq '') {
1597				$sanitise_quote = $c;
1598
1599				substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1600				next;
1601			} elsif ($sanitise_quote eq $c) {
1602				$sanitise_quote = '';
1603			}
1604		}
1605
1606		#print "c<$c> SQ<$sanitise_quote>\n";
1607		if ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '*/' && $c ne "\t") {
1608			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1609		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '//' && $c ne "\t") {
1610			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1611		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote && $c ne "\t") {
1612			substr($res, $off, 1, 'X');
1613		} else {
1614			substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1615		}
1616	}
1617
1618	if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') {
1619		$sanitise_quote = '';
1620	}
1621
1622	# The pathname on a #include may be surrounded by '<' and '>'.
1623	if ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*include\s+\<(.*)\>/) {
1624		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1625		$res =~ s@\<.*\>@<$clean>@;
1626
1627	# The whole of a #error is a string.
1628	} elsif ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+(.*)\b/) {
1629		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1630		$res =~ s@(\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+).*@$1$clean@;
1631	}
1632
1633	if ($allow_c99_comments && $res =~ m@(//.*$)@) {
1634		my $match = $1;
1635		$res =~ s/\Q$match\E/"$;" x length($match)/e;
1636	}
1637
1638	return $res;
1639}
1640
1641sub get_quoted_string {
1642	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
1643
1644	return "" if (!defined($line) || !defined($rawline));
1645	return "" if ($line !~ m/($String)/g);
1646	return substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
1647}
1648
1649sub ctx_statement_block {
1650	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1651	my $line = $linenr - 1;
1652	my $blk = '';
1653	my $soff = $off;
1654	my $coff = $off - 1;
1655	my $coff_set = 0;
1656
1657	my $loff = 0;
1658
1659	my $type = '';
1660	my $level = 0;
1661	my @stack = ();
1662	my $p;
1663	my $c;
1664	my $len = 0;
1665
1666	my $remainder;
1667	while (1) {
1668		@stack = (['', 0]) if ($#stack == -1);
1669
1670		#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> remain<$remain>\n";
1671		# If we are about to drop off the end, pull in more
1672		# context.
1673		if ($off >= $len) {
1674			for (; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1675				last if (!defined $lines[$line]);
1676				next if ($lines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1677				$remain--;
1678				$loff = $len;
1679				$blk .= $lines[$line] . "\n";
1680				$len = length($blk);
1681				$line++;
1682				last;
1683			}
1684			# Bail if there is no further context.
1685			#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> off<$off> len<$len>\n";
1686			if ($off >= $len) {
1687				last;
1688			}
1689			if ($level == 0 && substr($blk, $off) =~ /^.\s*#\s*define/) {
1690				$level++;
1691				$type = '#';
1692			}
1693		}
1694		$p = $c;
1695		$c = substr($blk, $off, 1);
1696		$remainder = substr($blk, $off);
1697
1698		#warn "CSB: c<$c> type<$type> level<$level> remainder<$remainder> coff_set<$coff_set>\n";
1699
1700		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1701		if ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1702			push(@stack, [ $type, $level ]);
1703		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1704			($type, $level) = @{$stack[$#stack - 1]};
1705		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*endif\b/) {
1706			($type, $level) = @{pop(@stack)};
1707		}
1708
1709		# Statement ends at the ';' or a close '}' at the
1710		# outermost level.
1711		if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') {
1712			last;
1713		}
1714
1715		# An else is really a conditional as long as its not else if
1716		if ($level == 0 && $coff_set == 0 &&
1717				(!defined($p) || $p =~ /(?:\s|\}|\+)/) &&
1718				$remainder =~ /^(else)(?:\s|{)/ &&
1719				$remainder !~ /^else\s+if\b/) {
1720			$coff = $off + length($1) - 1;
1721			$coff_set = 1;
1722			#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff> soff<$soff> 1<$1>\n";
1723			#warn "[" . substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1) . "]\n";
1724		}
1725
1726		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '(') && $c eq '(') {
1727			$level++;
1728			$type = '(';
1729		}
1730		if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') {
1731			$level--;
1732			$type = ($level != 0)? '(' : '';
1733
1734			if ($level == 0 && $coff < $soff) {
1735				$coff = $off;
1736				$coff_set = 1;
1737				#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff>\n";
1738			}
1739		}
1740		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '{') && $c eq '{') {
1741			$level++;
1742			$type = '{';
1743		}
1744		if ($type eq '{' && $c eq '}') {
1745			$level--;
1746			$type = ($level != 0)? '{' : '';
1747
1748			if ($level == 0) {
1749				if (substr($blk, $off + 1, 1) eq ';') {
1750					$off++;
1751				}
1752				last;
1753			}
1754		}
1755		# Preprocessor commands end at the newline unless escaped.
1756		if ($type eq '#' && $c eq "\n" && $p ne "\\") {
1757			$level--;
1758			$type = '';
1759			$off++;
1760			last;
1761		}
1762		$off++;
1763	}
1764	# We are truly at the end, so shuffle to the next line.
1765	if ($off == $len) {
1766		$loff = $len + 1;
1767		$line++;
1768		$remain--;
1769	}
1770
1771	my $statement = substr($blk, $soff, $off - $soff + 1);
1772	my $condition = substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1);
1773
1774	#warn "STATEMENT<$statement>\n";
1775	#warn "CONDITION<$condition>\n";
1776
1777	#print "coff<$coff> soff<$off> loff<$loff>\n";
1778
1779	return ($statement, $condition,
1780			$line, $remain + 1, $off - $loff + 1, $level);
1781}
1782
1783sub statement_lines {
1784	my ($stmt) = @_;
1785
1786	# Strip the diff line prefixes and rip blank lines at start and end.
1787	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1788	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1789	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1790
1791	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1792
1793	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1794}
1795
1796sub statement_rawlines {
1797	my ($stmt) = @_;
1798
1799	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1800
1801	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1802}
1803
1804sub statement_block_size {
1805	my ($stmt) = @_;
1806
1807	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1808	$stmt =~ s/^\s*{//;
1809	$stmt =~ s/}\s*$//;
1810	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1811	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1812
1813	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1814	my @stmt_statements = ($stmt =~ /;/g);
1815
1816	my $stmt_lines = $#stmt_lines + 2;
1817	my $stmt_statements = $#stmt_statements + 1;
1818
1819	if ($stmt_lines > $stmt_statements) {
1820		return $stmt_lines;
1821	} else {
1822		return $stmt_statements;
1823	}
1824}
1825
1826sub ctx_statement_full {
1827	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1828	my ($statement, $condition, $level);
1829
1830	my (@chunks);
1831
1832	# Grab the first conditional/block pair.
1833	($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1834				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1835	#print "F: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1836	push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1837	if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^\s*(?:\n[+-])?\s*(?:if|else|do)\b/s)) {
1838		return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1839	}
1840
1841	# Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they
1842	# could continue the statement.
1843	for (;;) {
1844		($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1845				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1846		#print "C: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1847		last if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^(?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*(?:else|do)\b/s));
1848		#print "C: push\n";
1849		push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1850	}
1851
1852	return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1853}
1854
1855sub ctx_block_get {
1856	my ($linenr, $remain, $outer, $open, $close, $off) = @_;
1857	my $line;
1858	my $start = $linenr - 1;
1859	my $blk = '';
1860	my @o;
1861	my @c;
1862	my @res = ();
1863
1864	my $level = 0;
1865	my @stack = ($level);
1866	for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1867		next if ($rawlines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1868		$remain--;
1869
1870		$blk .= $rawlines[$line];
1871
1872		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1873		if ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1874			push(@stack, $level);
1875		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1876			$level = $stack[$#stack - 1];
1877		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*endif\b/) {
1878			$level = pop(@stack);
1879		}
1880
1881		foreach my $c (split(//, $lines[$line])) {
1882			##print "C<$c>L<$level><$open$close>O<$off>\n";
1883			if ($off > 0) {
1884				$off--;
1885				next;
1886			}
1887
1888			if ($c eq $close && $level > 0) {
1889				$level--;
1890				last if ($level == 0);
1891			} elsif ($c eq $open) {
1892				$level++;
1893			}
1894		}
1895
1896		if (!$outer || $level <= 1) {
1897			push(@res, $rawlines[$line]);
1898		}
1899
1900		last if ($level == 0);
1901	}
1902
1903	return ($level, @res);
1904}
1905sub ctx_block_outer {
1906	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1907
1908	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 1, '{', '}', 0);
1909	return @r;
1910}
1911sub ctx_block {
1912	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1913
1914	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1915	return @r;
1916}
1917sub ctx_statement {
1918	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1919
1920	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1921	return @r;
1922}
1923sub ctx_block_level {
1924	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1925
1926	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1927}
1928sub ctx_statement_level {
1929	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1930
1931	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1932}
1933
1934sub ctx_locate_comment {
1935	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
1936
1937	# If c99 comment on the current line, or the line before or after
1938	my ($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@^\+.*(//.*$)@);
1939	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1940	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 2] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1941	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1942	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1943	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1944
1945	# Catch a comment on the end of the line itself.
1946	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@.*(/\*.*\*/)\s*(?:\\\s*)?$@);
1947	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1948
1949	# Look through the context and try and figure out if there is a
1950	# comment.
1951	my $in_comment = 0;
1952	$current_comment = '';
1953	for (my $linenr = $first_line; $linenr < $end_line; $linenr++) {
1954		my $line = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
1955		#warn "           $line\n";
1956		if ($linenr == $first_line and $line =~ m@^.\s*\*@) {
1957			$in_comment = 1;
1958		}
1959		if ($line =~ m@/\*@) {
1960			$in_comment = 1;
1961		}
1962		if (!$in_comment && $current_comment ne '') {
1963			$current_comment = '';
1964		}
1965		$current_comment .= $line . "\n" if ($in_comment);
1966		if ($line =~ m@\*/@) {
1967			$in_comment = 0;
1968		}
1969	}
1970
1971	chomp($current_comment);
1972	return($current_comment);
1973}
1974sub ctx_has_comment {
1975	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
1976	my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line);
1977
1978	##print "LINE: $rawlines[$end_line - 1 ]\n";
1979	##print "CMMT: $cmt\n";
1980
1981	return ($cmt ne '');
1982}
1983
1984sub raw_line {
1985	my ($linenr, $cnt) = @_;
1986
1987	my $offset = $linenr - 1;
1988	$cnt++;
1989
1990	my $line;
1991	while ($cnt) {
1992		$line = $rawlines[$offset++];
1993		next if (defined($line) && $line =~ /^-/);
1994		$cnt--;
1995	}
1996
1997	return $line;
1998}
1999
2000sub get_stat_real {
2001	my ($linenr, $lc) = @_;
2002
2003	my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, 0);
2004	for (my $count = $linenr + 1; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
2005		$stat_real = $stat_real . "\n" . raw_line($count, 0);
2006	}
2007
2008	return $stat_real;
2009}
2010
2011sub get_stat_here {
2012	my ($linenr, $cnt, $here) = @_;
2013
2014	my $herectx = $here . "\n";
2015	for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
2016		$herectx .= raw_line($linenr, $n) . "\n";
2017	}
2018
2019	return $herectx;
2020}
2021
2022sub cat_vet {
2023	my ($vet) = @_;
2024	my ($res, $coded);
2025
2026	$res = '';
2027	while ($vet =~ /([^[:cntrl:]]*)([[:cntrl:]]|$)/g) {
2028		$res .= $1;
2029		if ($2 ne '') {
2030			$coded = sprintf("^%c", unpack('C', $2) + 64);
2031			$res .= $coded;
2032		}
2033	}
2034	$res =~ s/$/\$/;
2035
2036	return $res;
2037}
2038
2039my $av_preprocessor = 0;
2040my $av_pending;
2041my @av_paren_type;
2042my $av_pend_colon;
2043
2044sub annotate_reset {
2045	$av_preprocessor = 0;
2046	$av_pending = '_';
2047	@av_paren_type = ('E');
2048	$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2049}
2050
2051sub annotate_values {
2052	my ($stream, $type) = @_;
2053
2054	my $res;
2055	my $var = '_' x length($stream);
2056	my $cur = $stream;
2057
2058	print "$stream\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2059
2060	while (length($cur)) {
2061		@av_paren_type = ('E') if ($#av_paren_type < 0);
2062		print " <" . join('', @av_paren_type) .
2063				"> <$type> <$av_pending>" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2064		if ($cur =~ /^(\s+)/o) {
2065			print "WS($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2066			if ($1 =~ /\n/ && $av_preprocessor) {
2067				$type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2068				$av_preprocessor = 0;
2069			}
2070
2071		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\(\s*$Type\s*)\)/ && $av_pending eq '_') {
2072			print "CAST($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2073			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2074			$type = 'c';
2075
2076		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Type)\s*(?:$Ident|,|\)|\(|\s*$)/) {
2077			print "DECLARE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2078			$type = 'T';
2079
2080		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Modifier)\s*/) {
2081			print "MODIFIER($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2082			$type = 'T';
2083
2084		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*define\s*$Ident)(\(?)/o) {
2085			print "DEFINE($1,$2)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2086			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2087			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2088			if ($2 ne '') {
2089				$av_pending = 'N';
2090			}
2091			$type = 'E';
2092
2093		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:undef\s*$Ident|include\b))/o) {
2094			print "UNDEF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2095			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2096			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2097
2098		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:ifdef|ifndef|if))/o) {
2099			print "PRE_START($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2100			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2101
2102			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2103			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2104			$type = 'E';
2105
2106		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:else|elif))/o) {
2107			print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2108			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2109
2110			push(@av_paren_type, $av_paren_type[$#av_paren_type]);
2111
2112			$type = 'E';
2113
2114		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:endif))/o) {
2115			print "PRE_END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2116
2117			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2118
2119			# Assume all arms of the conditional end as this
2120			# one does, and continue as if the #endif was not here.
2121			pop(@av_paren_type);
2122			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2123			$type = 'E';
2124
2125		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\\\n)/o) {
2126			print "PRECONT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2127
2128		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(__attribute__)\s*\(?/o) {
2129			print "ATTR($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2130			$av_pending = $type;
2131			$type = 'N';
2132
2133		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(sizeof)\s*(\()?/o) {
2134			print "SIZEOF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2135			if (defined $2) {
2136				$av_pending = 'V';
2137			}
2138			$type = 'N';
2139
2140		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(if|while|for)\b/o) {
2141			print "COND($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2142			$av_pending = 'E';
2143			$type = 'N';
2144
2145		} elsif ($cur =~/^(case)/o) {
2146			print "CASE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2147			$av_pend_colon = 'C';
2148			$type = 'N';
2149
2150		} elsif ($cur =~/^(return|else|goto|typeof|__typeof__)\b/o) {
2151			print "KEYWORD($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2152			$type = 'N';
2153
2154		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) {
2155			print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2156			push(@av_paren_type, $av_pending);
2157			$av_pending = '_';
2158			$type = 'N';
2159
2160		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\))/o) {
2161			my $new_type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2162			if ($new_type ne '_') {
2163				$type = $new_type;
2164				print "PAREN('$1') -> $type\n"
2165							if ($dbg_values > 1);
2166			} else {
2167				print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2168			}
2169
2170		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident)\s*\(/o) {
2171			print "FUNC($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2172			$type = 'V';
2173			$av_pending = 'V';
2174
2175		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident\s*):(?:\s*\d+\s*(,|=|;))?/) {
2176			if (defined $2 && $type eq 'C' || $type eq 'T') {
2177				$av_pend_colon = 'B';
2178			} elsif ($type eq 'E') {
2179				$av_pend_colon = 'L';
2180			}
2181			print "IDENT_COLON($1,$type>$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2182			$type = 'V';
2183
2184		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident|$Constant)/o) {
2185			print "IDENT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2186			$type = 'V';
2187
2188		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) {
2189			print "ASSIGN($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2190			$type = 'N';
2191
2192		} elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) {
2193			print "END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2194			$type = 'E';
2195			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2196
2197		} elsif ($cur =~/^(,)/) {
2198			print "COMMA($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2199			$type = 'C';
2200
2201		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\?)/o) {
2202			print "QUESTION($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2203			$type = 'N';
2204
2205		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(:)/o) {
2206			print "COLON($1,$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2207
2208			substr($var, length($res), 1, $av_pend_colon);
2209			if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') {
2210				$type = 'E';
2211			} else {
2212				$type = 'N';
2213			}
2214			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2215
2216		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\[)/o) {
2217			print "CLOSE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2218			$type = 'N';
2219
2220		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(-(?![->])|\+(?!\+)|\*|\&\&|\&)/o) {
2221			my $variant;
2222
2223			print "OPV($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2224			if ($type eq 'V') {
2225				$variant = 'B';
2226			} else {
2227				$variant = 'U';
2228			}
2229
2230			substr($var, length($res), 1, $variant);
2231			$type = 'N';
2232
2233		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Operators)/o) {
2234			print "OP($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2235			if ($1 ne '++' && $1 ne '--') {
2236				$type = 'N';
2237			}
2238
2239		} elsif ($cur =~ /(^.)/o) {
2240			print "C($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2241		}
2242		if (defined $1) {
2243			$cur = substr($cur, length($1));
2244			$res .= $type x length($1);
2245		}
2246	}
2247
2248	return ($res, $var);
2249}
2250
2251sub possible {
2252	my ($possible, $line) = @_;
2253	my $notPermitted = qr{(?:
2254		^(?:
2255			$Modifier|
2256			$Storage|
2257			$Type|
2258			DEFINE_\S+
2259		)$|
2260		^(?:
2261			goto|
2262			return|
2263			case|
2264			else|
2265			asm|__asm__|
2266			do|
2267			\#|
2268			\#\#|
2269		)(?:\s|$)|
2270		^(?:typedef|struct|enum)\b
2271	    )}x;
2272	warn "CHECK<$possible> ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 2);
2273	if ($possible !~ $notPermitted) {
2274		# Check for modifiers.
2275		$possible =~ s/\s*$Storage\s*//g;
2276		$possible =~ s/\s*$Sparse\s*//g;
2277		if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) {
2278
2279		} elsif ($possible =~ /\s/) {
2280			$possible =~ s/\s*$Type\s*//g;
2281			for my $modifier (split(' ', $possible)) {
2282				if ($modifier !~ $notPermitted) {
2283					warn "MODIFIER: $modifier ($possible) ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2284					push(@modifierListFile, $modifier);
2285				}
2286			}
2287
2288		} else {
2289			warn "POSSIBLE: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2290			push(@typeListFile, $possible);
2291		}
2292		build_types();
2293	} else {
2294		warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1);
2295	}
2296}
2297
2298my $prefix = '';
2299
2300sub show_type {
2301	my ($type) = @_;
2302
2303	$type =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
2304
2305	return defined $use_type{$type} if (scalar keys %use_type > 0);
2306
2307	return !defined $ignore_type{$type};
2308}
2309
2310sub report {
2311	my ($level, $type, $msg) = @_;
2312
2313	if (!show_type($type) ||
2314	    (defined $tst_only && $msg !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/)) {
2315		return 0;
2316	}
2317	my $output = '';
2318	if ($color) {
2319		if ($level eq 'ERROR') {
2320			$output .= RED;
2321		} elsif ($level eq 'WARNING') {
2322			$output .= YELLOW;
2323		} else {
2324			$output .= GREEN;
2325		}
2326	}
2327	$output .= $prefix . $level . ':';
2328	if ($show_types) {
2329		$output .= BLUE if ($color);
2330		$output .= "$type:";
2331	}
2332	$output .= RESET if ($color);
2333	$output .= ' ' . $msg . "\n";
2334
2335	if ($showfile) {
2336		my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1);
2337		splice(@lines, 1, 1);
2338		$output = join("\n", @lines);
2339	}
2340
2341	if ($terse) {
2342		$output = (split('\n', $output))[0] . "\n";
2343	}
2344
2345	if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$type}) &&
2346	    !exists($verbose_emitted{$type})) {
2347		$output .= $verbose_messages{$type} . "\n\n";
2348		$verbose_emitted{$type} = 1;
2349	}
2350
2351	push(our @report, $output);
2352
2353	return 1;
2354}
2355
2356sub report_dump {
2357	our @report;
2358}
2359
2360sub fixup_current_range {
2361	my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_;
2362
2363	if ($$lineRef =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+(\d+),(\d+) \@\@/) {
2364		my $o = $1;
2365		my $l = $2;
2366		my $no = $o + $offset;
2367		my $nl = $l + $length;
2368		$$lineRef =~ s/\+$o,$l \@\@/\+$no,$nl \@\@/;
2369	}
2370}
2371
2372sub fix_inserted_deleted_lines {
2373	my ($linesRef, $insertedRef, $deletedRef) = @_;
2374
2375	my $range_last_linenr = 0;
2376	my $delta_offset = 0;
2377
2378	my $old_linenr = 0;
2379	my $new_linenr = 0;
2380
2381	my $next_insert = 0;
2382	my $next_delete = 0;
2383
2384	my @lines = ();
2385
2386	my $inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2387	my $deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2388
2389	foreach my $old_line (@{$linesRef}) {
2390		my $save_line = 1;
2391		my $line = $old_line;	#don't modify the array
2392		if ($line =~ /^(?:\+\+\+|\-\-\-)\s+\S+/) {	#new filename
2393			$delta_offset = 0;
2394		} elsif ($line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/) {	#new hunk
2395			$range_last_linenr = $new_linenr;
2396			fixup_current_range(\$line, $delta_offset, 0);
2397		}
2398
2399		while (defined($deleted) && ${$deleted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2400			$deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2401			$save_line = 0;
2402			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset--, -1);
2403		}
2404
2405		while (defined($inserted) && ${$inserted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2406			push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'});
2407			$inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2408			$new_linenr++;
2409			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1);
2410		}
2411
2412		if ($save_line) {
2413			push(@lines, $line);
2414			$new_linenr++;
2415		}
2416
2417		$old_linenr++;
2418	}
2419
2420	return @lines;
2421}
2422
2423sub fix_insert_line {
2424	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2425
2426	my $inserted = {
2427		LINENR => $linenr,
2428		LINE => $line,
2429	};
2430	push(@fixed_inserted, $inserted);
2431}
2432
2433sub fix_delete_line {
2434	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2435
2436	my $deleted = {
2437		LINENR => $linenr,
2438		LINE => $line,
2439	};
2440
2441	push(@fixed_deleted, $deleted);
2442}
2443
2444sub ERROR {
2445	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2446
2447	if (report("ERROR", $type, $msg)) {
2448		our $clean = 0;
2449		our $cnt_error++;
2450		return 1;
2451	}
2452	return 0;
2453}
2454sub WARN {
2455	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2456
2457	if (report("WARNING", $type, $msg)) {
2458		our $clean = 0;
2459		our $cnt_warn++;
2460		return 1;
2461	}
2462	return 0;
2463}
2464sub CHK {
2465	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2466
2467	if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) {
2468		our $clean = 0;
2469		our $cnt_chk++;
2470		return 1;
2471	}
2472	return 0;
2473}
2474
2475sub check_absolute_file {
2476	my ($absolute, $herecurr) = @_;
2477	my $file = $absolute;
2478
2479	##print "absolute<$absolute>\n";
2480
2481	# See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree.
2482	while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) {
2483		if (-f "$root/$file") {
2484			##print "file<$file>\n";
2485			last;
2486		}
2487	}
2488	if (! -f _)  {
2489		return 0;
2490	}
2491
2492	# It is, so see if the prefix is acceptable.
2493	my $prefix = $absolute;
2494	substr($prefix, -length($file)) = '';
2495
2496	##print "prefix<$prefix>\n";
2497	if ($prefix ne ".../") {
2498		WARN("USE_RELATIVE_PATH",
2499		     "use relative pathname instead of absolute in changelog text\n" . $herecurr);
2500	}
2501}
2502
2503sub trim {
2504	my ($string) = @_;
2505
2506	$string =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
2507
2508	return $string;
2509}
2510
2511sub ltrim {
2512	my ($string) = @_;
2513
2514	$string =~ s/^\s+//;
2515
2516	return $string;
2517}
2518
2519sub rtrim {
2520	my ($string) = @_;
2521
2522	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
2523
2524	return $string;
2525}
2526
2527sub string_find_replace {
2528	my ($string, $find, $replace) = @_;
2529
2530	$string =~ s/$find/$replace/g;
2531
2532	return $string;
2533}
2534
2535sub tabify {
2536	my ($leading) = @_;
2537
2538	my $source_indent = $tabsize;
2539	my $max_spaces_before_tab = $source_indent - 1;
2540	my $spaces_to_tab = " " x $source_indent;
2541
2542	#convert leading spaces to tabs
2543	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)$spaces_to_tab@$1\t@g;
2544	#Remove spaces before a tab
2545	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)( {1,$max_spaces_before_tab})\t@$1\t@g;
2546
2547	return "$leading";
2548}
2549
2550sub pos_last_openparen {
2551	my ($line) = @_;
2552
2553	my $pos = 0;
2554
2555	my $opens = $line =~ tr/\(/\(/;
2556	my $closes = $line =~ tr/\)/\)/;
2557
2558	my $last_openparen = 0;
2559
2560	if (($opens == 0) || ($closes >= $opens)) {
2561		return -1;
2562	}
2563
2564	my $len = length($line);
2565
2566	for ($pos = 0; $pos < $len; $pos++) {
2567		my $string = substr($line, $pos);
2568		if ($string =~ /^($FuncArg|$balanced_parens)/) {
2569			$pos += length($1) - 1;
2570		} elsif (substr($line, $pos, 1) eq '(') {
2571			$last_openparen = $pos;
2572		} elsif (index($string, '(') == -1) {
2573			last;
2574		}
2575	}
2576
2577	return length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 0, $last_openparen))) + 1;
2578}
2579
2580sub get_raw_comment {
2581	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
2582	my $comment = '';
2583
2584	for my $i (0 .. (length($line) - 1)) {
2585		if (substr($line, $i, 1) eq "$;") {
2586			$comment .= substr($rawline, $i, 1);
2587		}
2588	}
2589
2590	return $comment;
2591}
2592
2593sub exclude_global_initialisers {
2594	my ($realfile) = @_;
2595
2596	# Do not check for BPF programs (tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/*.c, samples/bpf/*_kern.c, *.bpf.c).
2597	return $realfile =~ m@^tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/.*\.c$@ ||
2598		$realfile =~ m@^samples/bpf/.*_kern\.c$@ ||
2599		$realfile =~ m@/bpf/.*\.bpf\.c$@;
2600}
2601
2602sub process {
2603	my $filename = shift;
2604
2605	my $linenr=0;
2606	my $prevline="";
2607	my $prevrawline="";
2608	my $stashline="";
2609	my $stashrawline="";
2610
2611	my $length;
2612	my $indent;
2613	my $previndent=0;
2614	my $stashindent=0;
2615
2616	our $clean = 1;
2617	my $signoff = 0;
2618	my $author = '';
2619	my $authorsignoff = 0;
2620	my $author_sob = '';
2621	my $is_patch = 0;
2622	my $is_binding_patch = -1;
2623	my $in_header_lines = $file ? 0 : 1;
2624	my $in_commit_log = 0;		#Scanning lines before patch
2625	my $has_patch_separator = 0;	#Found a --- line
2626	my $has_commit_log = 0;		#Encountered lines before patch
2627	my $commit_log_lines = 0;	#Number of commit log lines
2628	my $commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
2629	my $commit_log_long_line = 0;
2630	my $commit_log_has_diff = 0;
2631	my $reported_maintainer_file = 0;
2632	my $non_utf8_charset = 0;
2633
2634	my $last_git_commit_id_linenr = -1;
2635
2636	my $last_blank_line = 0;
2637	my $last_coalesced_string_linenr = -1;
2638
2639	our @report = ();
2640	our $cnt_lines = 0;
2641	our $cnt_error = 0;
2642	our $cnt_warn = 0;
2643	our $cnt_chk = 0;
2644
2645	# Trace the real file/line as we go.
2646	my $realfile = '';
2647	my $realline = 0;
2648	my $realcnt = 0;
2649	my $here = '';
2650	my $context_function;		#undef'd unless there's a known function
2651	my $in_comment = 0;
2652	my $comment_edge = 0;
2653	my $first_line = 0;
2654	my $p1_prefix = '';
2655
2656	my $prev_values = 'E';
2657
2658	# suppression flags
2659	my %suppress_ifbraces;
2660	my %suppress_whiletrailers;
2661	my %suppress_export;
2662	my $suppress_statement = 0;
2663
2664	my %signatures = ();
2665
2666	# Pre-scan the patch sanitizing the lines.
2667	# Pre-scan the patch looking for any __setup documentation.
2668	#
2669	my @setup_docs = ();
2670	my $setup_docs = 0;
2671
2672	my $camelcase_file_seeded = 0;
2673
2674	my $checklicenseline = 1;
2675
2676	sanitise_line_reset();
2677	my $line;
2678	foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) {
2679		$linenr++;
2680		$line = $rawline;
2681
2682		push(@fixed, $rawline) if ($fix);
2683
2684		if ($rawline=~/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2685			$setup_docs = 0;
2686			if ($1 =~ m@Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt$@) {
2687				$setup_docs = 1;
2688			}
2689			#next;
2690		}
2691		if ($rawline =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@/) {
2692			$realline=$1-1;
2693			if (defined $2) {
2694				$realcnt=$3+1;
2695			} else {
2696				$realcnt=1+1;
2697			}
2698			$in_comment = 0;
2699
2700			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  Run
2701			# the context looking for a comment "edge".  If this
2702			# edge is a close comment then we must be in a comment
2703			# at context start.
2704			my $edge;
2705			my $cnt = $realcnt;
2706			for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) {
2707				next if (defined $rawlines[$ln - 1] &&
2708					 $rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ /^-/);
2709				$cnt--;
2710				#print "RAW<$rawlines[$ln - 1]>\n";
2711				last if (!defined $rawlines[$ln - 1]);
2712				if ($rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ m@(/\*|\*/)@ &&
2713				    $rawlines[$ln - 1] !~ m@"[^"]*(?:/\*|\*/)[^"]*"@) {
2714					($edge) = $1;
2715					last;
2716				}
2717			}
2718			if (defined $edge && $edge eq '*/') {
2719				$in_comment = 1;
2720			}
2721
2722			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  If this
2723			# is the start of a diff block and this line starts
2724			# ' *' then it is very likely a comment.
2725			if (!defined $edge &&
2726			    $rawlines[$linenr] =~ m@^.\s*(?:\*\*+| \*)(?:\s|$)@)
2727			{
2728				$in_comment = 1;
2729			}
2730
2731			##print "COMMENT:$in_comment edge<$edge> $rawline\n";
2732			sanitise_line_reset($in_comment);
2733
2734		} elsif ($realcnt && $rawline =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/) {
2735			# Standardise the strings and chars within the input to
2736			# simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines.
2737			$line = sanitise_line($rawline);
2738		}
2739		push(@lines, $line);
2740
2741		if ($realcnt > 1) {
2742			$realcnt-- if ($line =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/);
2743		} else {
2744			$realcnt = 0;
2745		}
2746
2747		#print "==>$rawline\n";
2748		#print "-->$line\n";
2749
2750		if ($setup_docs && $line =~ /^\+/) {
2751			push(@setup_docs, $line);
2752		}
2753	}
2754
2755	$prefix = '';
2756
2757	$realcnt = 0;
2758	$linenr = 0;
2759	$fixlinenr = -1;
2760	foreach my $line (@lines) {
2761		$linenr++;
2762		$fixlinenr++;
2763		my $sline = $line;	#copy of $line
2764		$sline =~ s/$;/ /g;	#with comments as spaces
2765
2766		my $rawline = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
2767		my $raw_comment = get_raw_comment($line, $rawline);
2768
2769# check if it's a mode change, rename or start of a patch
2770		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2771		    ($line =~ /^ mode change [0-7]+ => [0-7]+ \S+\s*$/ ||
2772		    ($line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) \S+\s*$/ ||
2773		     $line =~ /^diff --git a\/[\w\/\.\_\-]+ b\/\S+\s*$/))) {
2774			$is_patch = 1;
2775		}
2776
2777#extract the line range in the file after the patch is applied
2778		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2779		    $line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@(.*)/) {
2780			my $context = $4;
2781			$is_patch = 1;
2782			$first_line = $linenr + 1;
2783			$realline=$1-1;
2784			if (defined $2) {
2785				$realcnt=$3+1;
2786			} else {
2787				$realcnt=1+1;
2788			}
2789			annotate_reset();
2790			$prev_values = 'E';
2791
2792			%suppress_ifbraces = ();
2793			%suppress_whiletrailers = ();
2794			%suppress_export = ();
2795			$suppress_statement = 0;
2796			if ($context =~ /\b(\w+)\s*\(/) {
2797				$context_function = $1;
2798			} else {
2799				undef $context_function;
2800			}
2801			next;
2802
2803# track the line number as we move through the hunk, note that
2804# new versions of GNU diff omit the leading space on completely
2805# blank context lines so we need to count that too.
2806		} elsif ($line =~ /^( |\+|$)/) {
2807			$realline++;
2808			$realcnt-- if ($realcnt != 0);
2809
2810			# Measure the line length and indent.
2811			($length, $indent) = line_stats($rawline);
2812
2813			# Track the previous line.
2814			($prevline, $stashline) = ($stashline, $line);
2815			($previndent, $stashindent) = ($stashindent, $indent);
2816			($prevrawline, $stashrawline) = ($stashrawline, $rawline);
2817
2818			#warn "line<$line>\n";
2819
2820		} elsif ($realcnt == 1) {
2821			$realcnt--;
2822		}
2823
2824		my $hunk_line = ($realcnt != 0);
2825
2826		$here = "#$linenr: " if (!$file);
2827		$here = "#$realline: " if ($file);
2828
2829		my $found_file = 0;
2830		# extract the filename as it passes
2831		if ($line =~ /^diff --git.*?(\S+)$/) {
2832			$realfile = $1;
2833			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2834			$in_commit_log = 0;
2835			$found_file = 1;
2836		} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2837			$realfile = $1;
2838			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2839			$in_commit_log = 0;
2840
2841			$p1_prefix = $1;
2842			if (!$file && $tree && $p1_prefix ne '' &&
2843			    -e "$root/$p1_prefix") {
2844				WARN("PATCH_PREFIX",
2845				     "patch prefix '$p1_prefix' exists, appears to be a -p0 patch\n");
2846			}
2847
2848			if ($realfile =~ m@^include/asm/@) {
2849				ERROR("MODIFIED_INCLUDE_ASM",
2850				      "do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
2851			}
2852			$found_file = 1;
2853		}
2854
2855#make up the handle for any error we report on this line
2856		if ($showfile) {
2857			$prefix = "$realfile:$realline: "
2858		} elsif ($emacs) {
2859			if ($file) {
2860				$prefix = "$filename:$realline: ";
2861			} else {
2862				$prefix = "$filename:$linenr: ";
2863			}
2864		}
2865
2866		if ($found_file) {
2867			if (is_maintained_obsolete($realfile)) {
2868				WARN("OBSOLETE",
2869				     "$realfile is marked as 'obsolete' in the MAINTAINERS hierarchy.  No unnecessary modifications please.\n");
2870			}
2871			if ($realfile =~ m@^(?:drivers/net/|net/|drivers/staging/)@) {
2872				$check = 1;
2873			} else {
2874				$check = $check_orig;
2875			}
2876			$checklicenseline = 1;
2877
2878			if ($realfile !~ /^MAINTAINERS/) {
2879				my $last_binding_patch = $is_binding_patch;
2880
2881				$is_binding_patch = () = $realfile =~ m@^(?:Documentation/devicetree/|include/dt-bindings/)@;
2882
2883				if (($last_binding_patch != -1) &&
2884				    ($last_binding_patch ^ $is_binding_patch)) {
2885					WARN("DT_SPLIT_BINDING_PATCH",
2886					     "DT binding docs and includes should be a separate patch. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/submitting-patches.rst\n");
2887				}
2888			}
2889
2890			next;
2891		}
2892
2893		$here .= "FILE: $realfile:$realline:" if ($realcnt != 0);
2894
2895		my $hereline = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2896		my $herecurr = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2897		my $hereprev = "$here\n$prevrawline\n$rawline\n";
2898
2899		$cnt_lines++ if ($realcnt != 0);
2900
2901# Verify the existence of a commit log if appropriate
2902# 2 is used because a $signature is counted in $commit_log_lines
2903		if ($in_commit_log) {
2904			if ($line !~ /^\s*$/) {
2905				$commit_log_lines++;	#could be a $signature
2906			}
2907		} elsif ($has_commit_log && $commit_log_lines < 2) {
2908			WARN("COMMIT_MESSAGE",
2909			     "Missing commit description - Add an appropriate one\n");
2910			$commit_log_lines = 2;	#warn only once
2911		}
2912
2913# Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch
2914		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_has_diff &&
2915		    (($line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/([\w/]+)@ &&
2916		      $line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/[\w/]+\s+b/$1\b@) ||
2917		     $line =~ m@^\s*(?:\-\-\-\s+a/|\+\+\+\s+b/)@ ||
2918		     $line =~ m/^\s*\@\@ \-\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/)) {
2919			ERROR("DIFF_IN_COMMIT_MSG",
2920			      "Avoid using diff content in the commit message - patch(1) might not work\n" . $herecurr);
2921			$commit_log_has_diff = 1;
2922		}
2923
2924# Check for incorrect file permissions
2925		if ($line =~ /^new (file )?mode.*[7531]\d{0,2}$/) {
2926			my $permhere = $here . "FILE: $realfile\n";
2927			if ($realfile !~ m@scripts/@ &&
2928			    $realfile !~ /\.(py|pl|awk|sh)$/) {
2929				ERROR("EXECUTE_PERMISSIONS",
2930				      "do not set execute permissions for source files\n" . $permhere);
2931			}
2932		}
2933
2934# Check the patch for a From:
2935		if (decode("MIME-Header", $line) =~ /^From:\s*(.*)/) {
2936			$author = $1;
2937			my $curline = $linenr;
2938			while(defined($rawlines[$curline]) && ($rawlines[$curline++] =~ /^[ \t]\s*(.*)/)) {
2939				$author .= $1;
2940			}
2941			$author = encode("utf8", $author) if ($line =~ /=\?utf-8\?/i);
2942			$author =~ s/"//g;
2943			$author = reformat_email($author);
2944		}
2945
2946# Check the patch for a signoff:
2947		if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
2948			$signoff++;
2949			$in_commit_log = 0;
2950			if ($author ne ''  && $authorsignoff != 1) {
2951				if (same_email_addresses($1, $author)) {
2952					$authorsignoff = 1;
2953				} else {
2954					my $ctx = $1;
2955					my ($email_name, $email_comment, $email_address, $comment1) = parse_email($ctx);
2956					my ($author_name, $author_comment, $author_address, $comment2) = parse_email($author);
2957
2958					if (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address && $email_name eq $author_name) {
2959						$author_sob = $ctx;
2960						$authorsignoff = 2;
2961					} elsif (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address) {
2962						$author_sob = $ctx;
2963						$authorsignoff = 3;
2964					} elsif ($email_name eq $author_name) {
2965						$author_sob = $ctx;
2966						$authorsignoff = 4;
2967
2968						my $address1 = $email_address;
2969						my $address2 = $author_address;
2970
2971						if ($address1 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
2972							$address1 = "$1$2";
2973						}
2974						if ($address2 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
2975							$address2 = "$1$2";
2976						}
2977						if ($address1 eq $address2) {
2978							$authorsignoff = 5;
2979						}
2980					}
2981				}
2982			}
2983		}
2984
2985# Check for patch separator
2986		if ($line =~ /^---$/) {
2987			$has_patch_separator = 1;
2988			$in_commit_log = 0;
2989		}
2990
2991# Check if MAINTAINERS is being updated.  If so, there's probably no need to
2992# emit the "does MAINTAINERS need updating?" message on file add/move/delete
2993		if ($line =~ /^\s*MAINTAINERS\s*\|/) {
2994			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
2995		}
2996
2997# Check signature styles
2998		if (!$in_header_lines &&
2999		    $line =~ /^(\s*)([a-z0-9_-]+by:|$signature_tags)(\s*)(.*)/i) {
3000			my $space_before = $1;
3001			my $sign_off = $2;
3002			my $space_after = $3;
3003			my $email = $4;
3004			my $ucfirst_sign_off = ucfirst(lc($sign_off));
3005
3006			if ($sign_off !~ /$signature_tags/) {
3007				my $suggested_signature = find_standard_signature($sign_off);
3008				if ($suggested_signature eq "") {
3009					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3010					     "Non-standard signature: $sign_off\n" . $herecurr);
3011				} else {
3012					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3013						 "Non-standard signature: '$sign_off' - perhaps '$suggested_signature'?\n" . $herecurr) &&
3014					    $fix) {
3015						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$sign_off/$suggested_signature/;
3016					}
3017				}
3018			}
3019			if (defined $space_before && $space_before ne "") {
3020				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3021					 "Do not use whitespace before $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3022				    $fix) {
3023					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3024					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3025				}
3026			}
3027			if ($sign_off =~ /-by:$/i && $sign_off ne $ucfirst_sign_off) {
3028				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3029					 "'$ucfirst_sign_off' is the preferred signature form\n" . $herecurr) &&
3030				    $fix) {
3031					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3032					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3033				}
3034
3035			}
3036			if (!defined $space_after || $space_after ne " ") {
3037				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3038					 "Use a single space after $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3039				    $fix) {
3040					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3041					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3042				}
3043			}
3044
3045			my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
3046			my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment));
3047			if ($suggested_email eq "") {
3048				ERROR("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3049				      "Unrecognized email address: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3050			} else {
3051				my $dequoted = $suggested_email;
3052				$dequoted =~ s/^"//;
3053				$dequoted =~ s/" </ </;
3054				# Don't force email to have quotes
3055				# Allow just an angle bracketed address
3056				if (!same_email_addresses($email, $suggested_email)) {
3057					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3058						 "email address '$email' might be better as '$suggested_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3059					    $fix) {
3060						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$suggested_email/;
3061					}
3062				}
3063
3064				# Address part shouldn't have comments
3065				my $stripped_address = $email_address;
3066				$stripped_address =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g;
3067				if ($email_address ne $stripped_address) {
3068					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3069						 "address part of email should not have comments: '$email_address'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3070					    $fix) {
3071						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email_address\E/$stripped_address/;
3072					}
3073				}
3074
3075				# Only one name comment should be allowed
3076				my $comment_count = () = $name_comment =~ /\([^\)]+\)/g;
3077				if ($comment_count > 1) {
3078					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3079					     "Use a single name comment in email: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3080				}
3081
3082
3083				# stable@vger.kernel.org or stable@kernel.org shouldn't
3084				# have an email name. In addition comments should strictly
3085				# begin with a #
3086				if ($email =~ /^.*stable\@(?:vger\.)?kernel\.org/i) {
3087					if (($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^#.+/) ||
3088					    ($email_name ne "")) {
3089						my $cur_name = $email_name;
3090						my $new_comment = $comment;
3091						$cur_name =~ s/[a-zA-Z\s\-\"]+//g;
3092
3093						# Remove brackets enclosing comment text
3094						# and # from start of comments to get comment text
3095						$new_comment =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/;
3096						$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3097						$new_comment =~ s/^[\s\#]+|\s+$//g;
3098
3099						$new_comment = trim("$new_comment $cur_name") if ($cur_name ne $new_comment);
3100						$new_comment = " # $new_comment" if ($new_comment ne "");
3101						my $new_email = "$email_address$new_comment";
3102
3103						if (WARN("BAD_STABLE_ADDRESS_STYLE",
3104							 "Invalid email format for stable: '$email', prefer '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3105						    $fix) {
3106							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3107						}
3108					}
3109				} elsif ($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^(?:#.+|\(.+\))$/) {
3110					my $new_comment = $comment;
3111
3112					# Extract comment text from within brackets or
3113					# c89 style /*...*/ comments
3114					$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3115					$new_comment =~ s/^\/\*(.*)\*\/$/$1/;
3116
3117					$new_comment = trim($new_comment);
3118					$new_comment =~ s/^[^\w]$//; # Single lettered comment with non word character is usually a typo
3119					$new_comment = "($new_comment)" if ($new_comment ne "");
3120					my $new_email = format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $new_comment);
3121
3122					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3123						 "Unexpected content after email: '$email', should be: '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3124					    $fix) {
3125						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3126					}
3127				}
3128			}
3129
3130# Check for duplicate signatures
3131			my $sig_nospace = $line;
3132			$sig_nospace =~ s/\s//g;
3133			$sig_nospace = lc($sig_nospace);
3134			if (defined $signatures{$sig_nospace}) {
3135				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3136				     "Duplicate signature\n" . $herecurr);
3137			} else {
3138				$signatures{$sig_nospace} = 1;
3139			}
3140
3141# Check Co-developed-by: immediately followed by Signed-off-by: with same name and email
3142			if ($sign_off =~ /^co-developed-by:$/i) {
3143				if ($email eq $author) {
3144					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3145					      "Co-developed-by: should not be used to attribute nominal patch author '$author'\n" . "$here\n" . $rawline);
3146				}
3147				if (!defined $lines[$linenr]) {
3148					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3149					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . "$here\n" . $rawline);
3150				} elsif ($rawlines[$linenr] !~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
3151					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3152					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . "$here\n" . $rawline . "\n" .$rawlines[$linenr]);
3153				} elsif ($1 ne $email) {
3154					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3155					     "Co-developed-by and Signed-off-by: name/email do not match \n" . "$here\n" . $rawline . "\n" .$rawlines[$linenr]);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3156				}
3157			}
3158		}
3159
 
3160# Check Fixes: styles is correct
3161		if (!$in_header_lines &&
3162		    $line =~ /^\s*fixes:?\s*(?:commit\s*)?[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i) {
3163			my $orig_commit = "";
3164			my $id = "0123456789ab";
3165			my $title = "commit title";
3166			my $tag_case = 1;
3167			my $tag_space = 1;
3168			my $id_length = 1;
3169			my $id_case = 1;
3170			my $title_has_quotes = 0;
3171
3172			if ($line =~ /(\s*fixes:?)\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\s+($balanced_parens)/i) {
3173				my $tag = $1;
3174				$orig_commit = $2;
3175				$title = $3;
3176
3177				$tag_case = 0 if $tag eq "Fixes:";
3178				$tag_space = 0 if ($line =~ /^fixes:? [0-9a-f]{5,} ($balanced_parens)/i);
3179
3180				$id_length = 0 if ($orig_commit =~ /^[0-9a-f]{12}$/i);
3181				$id_case = 0 if ($orig_commit !~ /[A-F]/);
3182
3183				# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3184				$title = substr($title, 1, -1);
3185				if ($title =~ /^".*"$/) {
3186					$title = substr($title, 1, -1);
3187					$title_has_quotes = 1;
3188				}
3189			}
3190
3191			my ($cid, $ctitle) = git_commit_info($orig_commit, $id,
3192							     $title);
3193
3194			if ($ctitle ne $title || $tag_case || $tag_space ||
3195			    $id_length || $id_case || !$title_has_quotes) {
3196				if (WARN("BAD_FIXES_TAG",
3197				     "Please use correct Fixes: style 'Fixes: <12 chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: 'Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3198				    $fix) {
3199					$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")";
3200				}
3201			}
3202		}
3203
3204# Check email subject for common tools that don't need to be mentioned
3205		if ($in_header_lines &&
3206		    $line =~ /^Subject:.*\b(?:checkpatch|sparse|smatch)\b[^:]/i) {
3207			WARN("EMAIL_SUBJECT",
3208			     "A patch subject line should describe the change not the tool that found it\n" . $herecurr);
3209		}
3210
3211# Check for Gerrit Change-Ids not in any patch context
3212		if ($realfile eq '' && !$has_patch_separator && $line =~ /^\s*change-id:/i) {
3213			if (ERROR("GERRIT_CHANGE_ID",
3214			          "Remove Gerrit Change-Id's before submitting upstream\n" . $herecurr) &&
3215			    $fix) {
3216				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
3217			}
3218		}
3219
3220# Check if the commit log is in a possible stack dump
3221		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3222		    ($line =~ /^\s*(?:WARNING:|BUG:)/ ||
3223		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\s*\d+\.\d{6,6}\s*\]/ ||
3224					# timestamp
3225		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\<[0-9a-fA-F]{8,}\>\]/) ||
3226		     $line =~ /^(?:\s+\w+:\s+[0-9a-fA-F]+){3,3}/ ||
3227		     $line =~ /^\s*\#\d+\s*\[[0-9a-fA-F]+\]\s*\w+ at [0-9a-fA-F]+/) {
3228					# stack dump address styles
3229			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 1;
3230		}
3231
3232# Check for line lengths > 75 in commit log, warn once
3233		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_long_line &&
3234		    length($line) > 75 &&
3235		    !($line =~ /^\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_\/\.]+\s+\|\s+\d+/ ||
3236					# file delta changes
3237		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:[\w\.\-\+]*\/)++[\w\.\-\+]+:/ ||
3238					# filename then :
3239		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:Fixes:|Link:|$signature_tags)/i ||
3240					# A Fixes: or Link: line or signature tag line
3241		      $commit_log_possible_stack_dump)) {
3242			WARN("COMMIT_LOG_LONG_LINE",
3243			     "Possible unwrapped commit description (prefer a maximum 75 chars per line)\n" . $herecurr);
3244			$commit_log_long_line = 1;
3245		}
3246
3247# Reset possible stack dump if a blank line is found
3248		if ($in_commit_log && $commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3249		    $line =~ /^\s*$/) {
3250			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
3251		}
3252
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3253# Check for lines starting with a #
3254		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /^#/) {
3255			if (WARN("COMMIT_COMMENT_SYMBOL",
3256				 "Commit log lines starting with '#' are dropped by git as comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
3257			    $fix) {
3258				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^/ /;
3259			}
3260		}
3261
3262# Check for git id commit length and improperly formed commit descriptions
3263# A correctly formed commit description is:
3264#    commit <SHA-1 hash length 12+ chars> ("Complete commit subject")
3265# with the commit subject '("' prefix and '")' suffix
3266# This is a fairly compilicated block as it tests for what appears to be
3267# bare SHA-1 hash with  minimum length of 5.  It also avoids several types of
3268# possible SHA-1 matches.
3269# A commit match can span multiple lines so this block attempts to find a
3270# complete typical commit on a maximum of 3 lines
3271		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3272		    $in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3273		    $line !~ /^\s*(?:Link|Patchwork|http|https|BugLink|base-commit):/i &&
3274		    $line !~ /^This reverts commit [0-9a-f]{7,40}/ &&
3275		    (($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i ||
3276		      ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i && defined($rawlines[$linenr]) && $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i)) ||
3277		     ($line =~ /(?:\s|^)[0-9a-f]{12,40}(?:[\s"'\(\[]|$)/i &&
3278		      $line !~ /[\<\[][0-9a-f]{12,40}[\>\]]/i &&
3279		      $line !~ /\bfixes:\s*[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i))) {
3280			my $init_char = "c";
3281			my $orig_commit = "";
3282			my $short = 1;
3283			my $long = 0;
3284			my $case = 1;
3285			my $space = 1;
3286			my $id = '0123456789ab';
3287			my $orig_desc = "commit description";
3288			my $description = "";
3289			my $herectx = $herecurr;
3290			my $has_parens = 0;
3291			my $has_quotes = 0;
3292
3293			my $input = $line;
3294			if ($line =~ /(?:\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}|\bcommit\s*$)/i) {
3295				for (my $n = 0; $n < 2; $n++) {
3296					if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s*($balanced_parens)/i) {
3297						$orig_desc = $1;
3298						$has_parens = 1;
3299						# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3300						$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3301						if ($orig_desc =~ /^".*"$/) {
3302							$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3303							$has_quotes = 1;
3304						}
3305						last;
3306					}
3307					last if ($#lines < $linenr + $n);
3308					$input .= " " . trim($rawlines[$linenr + $n]);
3309					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$linenr + $n]\n";
3310				}
3311				$herectx = $herecurr if (!$has_parens);
3312			}
3313
3314			if ($input =~ /\b(c)ommit\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\b/i) {
3315				$init_char = $1;
3316				$orig_commit = lc($2);
3317				$short = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i);
3318				$long = 1 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{41,}/i);
3319				$space = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit [0-9a-f]/i);
3320				$case = 0 if ($input =~ /\b[Cc]ommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,40}[^A-F]/);
3321			} elsif ($input =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) {
3322				$orig_commit = lc($1);
3323			}
3324
3325			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($orig_commit,
3326							      $id, $orig_desc);
3327
3328			if (defined($id) &&
3329			    ($short || $long || $space || $case || ($orig_desc ne $description) || !$has_quotes) &&
3330			    $last_git_commit_id_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
3331				ERROR("GIT_COMMIT_ID",
3332				      "Please use git commit description style 'commit <12+ chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: '${init_char}ommit $id (\"$description\")'\n" . $herectx);
3333			}
3334			#don't report the next line if this line ends in commit and the sha1 hash is the next line
3335			$last_git_commit_id_linenr = $linenr if ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i);
3336		}
3337
3338# Check for mailing list archives other than lore.kernel.org
3339		if ($rawline =~ m{http.*\b$obsolete_archives}) {
3340			WARN("PREFER_LORE_ARCHIVE",
3341			     "Use lore.kernel.org archive links when possible - see https://lore.kernel.org/lists.html\n" . $herecurr);
3342		}
3343
3344# Check for added, moved or deleted files
3345		if (!$reported_maintainer_file && !$in_commit_log &&
3346		    ($line =~ /^(?:new|deleted) file mode\s*\d+\s*$/ ||
3347		     $line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) [\w\/\.\-]+\s*$/ ||
3348		     ($line =~ /\{\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\=\>\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\}/ &&
3349		      (defined($1) || defined($2))))) {
3350			$is_patch = 1;
3351			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
3352			WARN("FILE_PATH_CHANGES",
3353			     "added, moved or deleted file(s), does MAINTAINERS need updating?\n" . $herecurr);
3354		}
3355
3356# Check for adding new DT bindings not in schema format
3357		if (!$in_commit_log &&
3358		    ($line =~ /^new file mode\s*\d+\s*$/) &&
3359		    ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/.*\.txt$@)) {
3360			WARN("DT_SCHEMA_BINDING_PATCH",
3361			     "DT bindings should be in DT schema format. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/writing-schema.rst\n");
3362		}
3363
3364# Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file
3365		if ($realcnt != 0 && $line !~ m{^(?:\+|-| |\\ No newline|$)}) {
3366			ERROR("CORRUPTED_PATCH",
3367			      "patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
3368				$herecurr) if (!$emitted_corrupt++);
3369		}
3370
3371# UTF-8 regex found at http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php
3372		if (($realfile =~ /^$/ || $line =~ /^\+/) &&
3373		    $rawline !~ m/^$UTF8*$/) {
3374			my ($utf8_prefix) = ($rawline =~ /^($UTF8*)/);
3375
3376			my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3377			my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, length($utf8_prefix)) . "^";
3378			my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3379
3380			CHK("INVALID_UTF8",
3381			    "Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
3382		}
3383
3384# Check if it's the start of a commit log
3385# (not a header line and we haven't seen the patch filename)
3386		if ($in_header_lines && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3387		    !($rawline =~ /^\s+(?:\S|$)/ ||
3388		      $rawline =~ /^(?:commit\b|from\b|[\w-]+:)/i)) {
3389			$in_header_lines = 0;
3390			$in_commit_log = 1;
3391			$has_commit_log = 1;
3392		}
3393
3394# Check if there is UTF-8 in a commit log when a mail header has explicitly
3395# declined it, i.e defined some charset where it is missing.
3396		if ($in_header_lines &&
3397		    $rawline =~ /^Content-Type:.+charset="(.+)".*$/ &&
3398		    $1 !~ /utf-8/i) {
3399			$non_utf8_charset = 1;
3400		}
3401
3402		if ($in_commit_log && $non_utf8_charset && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3403		    $rawline =~ /$NON_ASCII_UTF8/) {
3404			WARN("UTF8_BEFORE_PATCH",
3405			    "8-bit UTF-8 used in possible commit log\n" . $herecurr);
3406		}
3407
3408# Check for absolute kernel paths in commit message
3409		if ($tree && $in_commit_log) {
3410			while ($line =~ m{(?:^|\s)(/\S*)}g) {
3411				my $file = $1;
3412
3413				if ($file =~ m{^(.*?)(?::\d+)+:?$} &&
3414				    check_absolute_file($1, $herecurr)) {
3415					#
3416				} else {
3417					check_absolute_file($file, $herecurr);
3418				}
3419			}
3420		}
3421
3422# Check for various typo / spelling mistakes
3423		if (defined($misspellings) &&
3424		    ($in_commit_log || $line =~ /^(?:\+|Subject:)/i)) {
3425			while ($rawline =~ /(?:^|[^\w\-'`])($misspellings)(?:[^\w\-'`]|$)/gi) {
3426				my $typo = $1;
3427				my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3428				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $-[1]) . "^" x length($typo);
3429				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3430				my $typo_fix = $spelling_fix{lc($typo)};
3431				$typo_fix = ucfirst($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]/);
3432				$typo_fix = uc($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]+$/);
3433				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3434				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3435				if (&{$msg_level}("TYPO_SPELLING",
3436						  "'$typo' may be misspelled - perhaps '$typo_fix'?\n" . $hereptr) &&
3437				    $fix) {
3438					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^|[^A-Za-z@])($typo)($|[^A-Za-z@])/$1$typo_fix$3/;
3439				}
3440			}
3441		}
3442
3443# check for invalid commit id
3444		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /(^fixes:|\bcommit)\s+([0-9a-f]{6,40})\b/i) {
3445			my $id;
3446			my $description;
3447			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($2, undef, undef);
3448			if (!defined($id)) {
3449				WARN("UNKNOWN_COMMIT_ID",
3450				     "Unknown commit id '$2', maybe rebased or not pulled?\n" . $herecurr);
3451			}
3452		}
3453
3454# check for repeated words separated by a single space
3455# avoid false positive from list command eg, '-rw-r--r-- 1 root root'
3456		if (($rawline =~ /^\+/ || $in_commit_log) &&
3457		    $rawline !~ /[bcCdDlMnpPs\?-][rwxsStT-]{9}/) {
3458			pos($rawline) = 1 if (!$in_commit_log);
3459			while ($rawline =~ /\b($word_pattern) (?=($word_pattern))/g) {
3460
3461				my $first = $1;
3462				my $second = $2;
3463				my $start_pos = $-[1];
3464				my $end_pos = $+[2];
3465				if ($first =~ /(?:struct|union|enum)/) {
3466					pos($rawline) += length($first) + length($second) + 1;
3467					next;
3468				}
3469
3470				next if (lc($first) ne lc($second));
3471				next if ($first eq 'long');
3472
3473				# check for character before and after the word matches
3474				my $start_char = '';
3475				my $end_char = '';
3476				$start_char = substr($rawline, $start_pos - 1, 1) if ($start_pos > ($in_commit_log ? 0 : 1));
3477				$end_char = substr($rawline, $end_pos, 1) if ($end_pos < length($rawline));
3478
3479				next if ($start_char =~ /^\S$/);
3480				next if (index(" \t.,;?!", $end_char) == -1);
3481
3482				# avoid repeating hex occurrences like 'ff ff fe 09 ...'
3483				if ($first =~ /\b[0-9a-f]{2,}\b/i) {
3484					next if (!exists($allow_repeated_words{lc($first)}));
3485				}
3486
3487				if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3488					 "Possible repeated word: '$first'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3489				    $fix) {
3490					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$first $second\b/$first/;
3491				}
3492			}
3493
3494			# if it's a repeated word on consecutive lines in a comment block
3495			if ($prevline =~ /$;+\s*$/ &&
3496			    $prevrawline =~ /($word_pattern)\s*$/) {
3497				my $last_word = $1;
3498				if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*\*\s*$last_word /) {
3499					if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3500						 "Possible repeated word: '$last_word'\n" . $hereprev) &&
3501					    $fix) {
3502						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\+\s*\*\s*)$last_word /$1/;
3503					}
3504				}
3505			}
3506		}
3507
3508# ignore non-hunk lines and lines being removed
3509		next if (!$hunk_line || $line =~ /^-/);
3510
3511#trailing whitespace
3512		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\015/) {
3513			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3514			if (ERROR("DOS_LINE_ENDINGS",
3515				  "DOS line endings\n" . $herevet) &&
3516			    $fix) {
3517				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/[\s\015]+$//;
3518			}
3519		} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\S\s+$/ || $rawline =~ /^\+\s+$/) {
3520			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3521			if (ERROR("TRAILING_WHITESPACE",
3522				  "trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet) &&
3523			    $fix) {
3524				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
3525			}
3526
3527			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3528		}
3529
3530# Check for FSF mailing addresses.
3531		if ($rawline =~ /\bwrite to the Free/i ||
3532		    $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i ||
3533		    $rawline =~ /\b59\s+Temple\s+Pl/i ||
3534		    $rawline =~ /\b51\s+Franklin\s+St/i) {
3535			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3536			my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
3537			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3538			&{$msg_level}("FSF_MAILING_ADDRESS",
3539				      "Do not include the paragraph about writing to the Free Software Foundation's mailing address from the sample GPL notice. The FSF has changed addresses in the past, and may do so again. Linux already includes a copy of the GPL.\n" . $herevet)
3540		}
3541
3542# check for Kconfig help text having a real description
3543# Only applies when adding the entry originally, after that we do not have
3544# sufficient context to determine whether it is indeed long enough.
3545		if ($realfile =~ /Kconfig/ &&
3546		    # 'choice' is usually the last thing on the line (though
3547		    # Kconfig supports named choices), so use a word boundary
3548		    # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s)
3549		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:config|menuconfig|choice)\b/) {
3550			my $ln = $linenr;
3551			my $needs_help = 0;
3552			my $has_help = 0;
3553			my $help_length = 0;
3554			while (defined $lines[$ln]) {
3555				my $f = $lines[$ln++];
3556
3557				next if ($f =~ /^-/);
3558				last if ($f !~ /^[\+ ]/);	# !patch context
3559
3560				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*(?:bool|tristate|prompt)\s*["']/) {
3561					$needs_help = 1;
3562					next;
3563				}
3564				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*help\s*$/) {
3565					$has_help = 1;
3566					next;
3567				}
3568
3569				$f =~ s/^.//;	# strip patch context [+ ]
3570				$f =~ s/#.*//;	# strip # directives
3571				$f =~ s/^\s+//;	# strip leading blanks
3572				next if ($f =~ /^$/);	# skip blank lines
3573
3574				# At the end of this Kconfig block:
3575				# This only checks context lines in the patch
3576				# and so hopefully shouldn't trigger false
3577				# positives, even though some of these are
3578				# common words in help texts
3579				if ($f =~ /^(?:config|menuconfig|choice|endchoice|
3580					       if|endif|menu|endmenu|source)\b/x) {
3581					last;
3582				}
3583				$help_length++ if ($has_help);
3584			}
3585			if ($needs_help &&
3586			    $help_length < $min_conf_desc_length) {
3587				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $ln - 1);
3588				WARN("CONFIG_DESCRIPTION",
3589				     "please write a help paragraph that fully describes the config symbol\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
3590			}
3591		}
3592
3593# check MAINTAINERS entries
3594		if ($realfile =~ /^MAINTAINERS$/) {
3595# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right form
3596			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3597			    $rawline !~ /^\+[A-Z]:\t\S/) {
3598				if (WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3599					 "MAINTAINERS entries use one tab after TYPE:\n" . $herecurr) &&
3600				    $fix) {
3601					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+[A-Z]):\s*/$1:\t/;
3602				}
3603			}
3604# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right ordering too
3605			my $preferred_order = 'MRLSWQBCPTFXNK';
3606			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3607			    $prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ][A-Z]:/) {
3608				$rawline =~ /^\+([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3609				my $cur = $1;
3610				my $curval = $2;
3611				$prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ]([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3612				my $prev = $1;
3613				my $prevval = $2;
3614				my $curindex = index($preferred_order, $cur);
3615				my $previndex = index($preferred_order, $prev);
3616				if ($curindex < 0) {
3617					WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3618					     "Unknown MAINTAINERS entry type: '$cur'\n" . $herecurr);
3619				} else {
3620					if ($previndex >= 0 && $curindex < $previndex) {
3621						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3622						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list '$cur:' before '$prev:'\n" . $hereprev);
3623					} elsif ((($prev eq 'F' && $cur eq 'F') ||
3624						  ($prev eq 'X' && $cur eq 'X')) &&
3625						 ($prevval cmp $curval) > 0) {
3626						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3627						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list file patterns in alphabetic order\n" . $hereprev);
3628					}
3629				}
3630			}
3631		}
3632
3633		if (($realfile =~ /Makefile.*/ || $realfile =~ /Kbuild.*/) &&
3634		    ($line =~ /\+(EXTRA_[A-Z]+FLAGS).*/)) {
3635			my $flag = $1;
3636			my $replacement = {
3637				'EXTRA_AFLAGS' =>   'asflags-y',
3638				'EXTRA_CFLAGS' =>   'ccflags-y',
3639				'EXTRA_CPPFLAGS' => 'cppflags-y',
3640				'EXTRA_LDFLAGS' =>  'ldflags-y',
3641			};
3642
3643			WARN("DEPRECATED_VARIABLE",
3644			     "Use of $flag is deprecated, please use \`$replacement->{$flag} instead.\n" . $herecurr) if ($replacement->{$flag});
3645		}
3646
3647# check for DT compatible documentation
3648		if (defined $root &&
3649			(($realfile =~ /\.dtsi?$/ && $line =~ /^\+\s*compatible\s*=\s*\"/) ||
3650			 ($realfile =~ /\.[ch]$/ && $line =~ /^\+.*\.compatible\s*=\s*\"/))) {
3651
3652			my @compats = $rawline =~ /\"([a-zA-Z0-9\-\,\.\+_]+)\"/g;
3653
3654			my $dt_path = $root . "/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/";
3655			my $vp_file = $dt_path . "vendor-prefixes.yaml";
3656
3657			foreach my $compat (@compats) {
3658				my $compat2 = $compat;
3659				$compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,<\.\*>\-/;
3660				my $compat3 = $compat;
3661				$compat3 =~ s/\,([a-z]*)[0-9]*\-/\,$1<\.\*>\-/;
3662				`grep -Erq "$compat|$compat2|$compat3" $dt_path`;
3663				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3664					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3665					     "DT compatible string \"$compat\" appears un-documented -- check $dt_path\n" . $herecurr);
3666				}
3667
3668				next if $compat !~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\,/;
3669				my $vendor = $1;
3670				`grep -Eq "\\"\\^\Q$vendor\E,\\.\\*\\":" $vp_file`;
3671				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3672					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3673					     "DT compatible string vendor \"$vendor\" appears un-documented -- check $vp_file\n" . $herecurr);
3674				}
3675			}
3676		}
3677
3678# check for using SPDX license tag at beginning of files
3679		if ($realline == $checklicenseline) {
3680			if ($rawline =~ /^[ \+]\s*\#\!\s*\//) {
3681				$checklicenseline = 2;
3682			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+/) {
3683				my $comment = "";
3684				if ($realfile =~ /\.(h|s|S)$/) {
3685					$comment = '/*';
3686				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.(c|rs|dts|dtsi)$/) {
3687					$comment = '//';
3688				} elsif (($checklicenseline == 2) || $realfile =~ /\.(sh|pl|py|awk|tc|yaml)$/) {
3689					$comment = '#';
3690				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.rst$/) {
3691					$comment = '..';
3692				}
3693
3694# check SPDX comment style for .[chsS] files
3695				if ($realfile =~ /\.[chsS]$/ &&
3696				    $rawline =~ /SPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3697				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\s*\Q$comment\E\s*@) {
3698					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3699					     "Improper SPDX comment style for '$realfile', please use '$comment' instead\n" . $herecurr);
3700				}
3701
3702				if ($comment !~ /^$/ &&
3703				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\Q$comment\E SPDX-License-Identifier: @) {
3704					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3705					     "Missing or malformed SPDX-License-Identifier tag in line $checklicenseline\n" . $herecurr);
3706				} elsif ($rawline =~ /(SPDX-License-Identifier: .*)/) {
3707					my $spdx_license = $1;
3708					if (!is_SPDX_License_valid($spdx_license)) {
3709						WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3710						     "'$spdx_license' is not supported in LICENSES/...\n" . $herecurr);
3711					}
3712					if ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/@ &&
3713					    not $spdx_license =~ /GPL-2\.0.*BSD-2-Clause/) {
3714						my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3715						$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3716						if (&{$msg_level}("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3717
3718								  "DT binding documents should be licensed (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)\n" . $herecurr) &&
3719						    $fix) {
3720							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/SPDX-License-Identifier: .*/SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)/;
3721						}
3722					}
 
 
 
 
 
3723				}
3724			}
3725		}
3726
3727# check for embedded filenames
3728		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\Q$realfile\E/) {
3729			WARN("EMBEDDED_FILENAME",
3730			     "It's generally not useful to have the filename in the file\n" . $herecurr);
3731		}
3732
3733# check we are in a valid source file if not then ignore this hunk
3734		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|rs|s|S|sh|dtsi|dts)$/);
3735
3736# check for using SPDX-License-Identifier on the wrong line number
3737		if ($realline != $checklicenseline &&
3738		    $rawline =~ /\bSPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3739		    substr($line, @-, @+ - @-) eq "$;" x (@+ - @-)) {
3740			WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3741			     "Misplaced SPDX-License-Identifier tag - use line $checklicenseline instead\n" . $herecurr);
3742		}
3743
3744# line length limit (with some exclusions)
3745#
3746# There are a few types of lines that may extend beyond $max_line_length:
3747#	logging functions like pr_info that end in a string
3748#	lines with a single string
3749#	#defines that are a single string
3750#	lines with an RFC3986 like URL
3751#
3752# There are 3 different line length message types:
3753# LONG_LINE_COMMENT	a comment starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3754# LONG_LINE_STRING	a string starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3755# LONG_LINE		all other lines longer than $max_line_length
3756#
3757# if LONG_LINE is ignored, the other 2 types are also ignored
3758#
3759
3760		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && $length > $max_line_length) {
3761			my $msg_type = "LONG_LINE";
3762
3763			# Check the allowed long line types first
3764
3765			# logging functions that end in a string that starts
3766			# before $max_line_length
3767			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$logFunctions\s*\(\s*(?:(?:KERN_\S+\s*|[^"]*))?($String\s*(?:|,|\)\s*;)\s*)$/ &&
3768			    length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3769				$msg_type = "";
3770
3771			# lines with only strings (w/ possible termination)
3772			# #defines with only strings
3773			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String\s*(?:\s*|,|\)\s*;)\s*$/ ||
3774				 $line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+\w+\s+$String$/) {
3775				$msg_type = "";
3776
3777			# More special cases
3778			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+.*\bEFI_GUID\s*\(/ ||
3779				 $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:\w+)?\s*DEFINE_PER_CPU/) {
3780				$msg_type = "";
3781
3782			# URL ($rawline is used in case the URL is in a comment)
3783			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\b[a-z][\w\.\+\-]*:\/\/\S+/i) {
3784				$msg_type = "";
3785
3786			# Otherwise set the alternate message types
3787
3788			# a comment starts before $max_line_length
3789			} elsif ($line =~ /($;[\s$;]*)$/ &&
3790				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3791				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT"
3792
3793			# a quoted string starts before $max_line_length
3794			} elsif ($sline =~ /\s*($String(?:\s*(?:\\|,\s*|\)\s*;\s*))?)$/ &&
3795				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3796				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_STRING"
3797			}
3798
3799			if ($msg_type ne "" &&
3800			    (show_type("LONG_LINE") || show_type($msg_type))) {
3801				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3802				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3803				&{$msg_level}($msg_type,
3804					      "line length of $length exceeds $max_line_length columns\n" . $herecurr);
3805			}
3806		}
3807
3808# check for adding lines without a newline.
3809		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && defined $lines[$linenr] && $lines[$linenr] =~ /^\\ No newline at end of file/) {
3810			if (WARN("MISSING_EOF_NEWLINE",
3811			         "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr) &&
3812			    $fix) {
3813				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr+1, "No newline at end of file");
3814			}
3815		}
3816
3817# check for .L prefix local symbols in .S files
3818		if ($realfile =~ /\.S$/ &&
3819		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:[A-Z]+_)?SYM_[A-Z]+_(?:START|END)(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(\s*\.L/) {
3820			WARN("AVOID_L_PREFIX",
3821			     "Avoid using '.L' prefixed local symbol names for denoting a range of code via 'SYM_*_START/END' annotations; see Documentation/core-api/asm-annotations.rst\n" . $herecurr);
3822		}
3823
3824# check we are in a valid source file C or perl if not then ignore this hunk
3825		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|pl|dtsi|dts)$/);
3826
3827# at the beginning of a line any tabs must come first and anything
3828# more than $tabsize must use tabs.
3829		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ ||
3830		    $rawline =~ /^\+\s*        \s*/) {
3831			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3832			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3833			if (ERROR("CODE_INDENT",
3834				  "code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet) &&
3835			    $fix) {
3836				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
3837			}
3838		}
3839
3840# check for space before tabs.
3841		if ($rawline =~ /^\+/ && $rawline =~ / \t/) {
3842			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3843			if (WARN("SPACE_BEFORE_TAB",
3844				"please, no space before tabs\n" . $herevet) &&
3845			    $fix) {
3846				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3847					   s/(^\+.*) {$tabsize,$tabsize}\t/$1\t\t/) {}
3848				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3849					   s/(^\+.*) +\t/$1\t/) {}
3850			}
3851		}
3852
3853# check for assignments on the start of a line
3854		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s+($Assignment)[^=]/) {
3855			my $operator = $1;
3856			if (CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS",
3857				"Assignment operator '$1' should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3858			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3859				# add assignment operator to the previous line, remove from current line
3860				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] .= " $operator";
3861				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3862			}
3863		}
3864
3865# check for && or || at the start of a line
3866		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) {
3867			my $operator = $1;
3868			if (CHK("LOGICAL_CONTINUATIONS",
3869				"Logical continuations should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3870			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3871				# insert logical operator at last non-comment, non-whitepsace char on previous line
3872				$prevline =~ /[\s$;]*$/;
3873				my $line_end = substr($prevrawline, $-[0]);
3874				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] =~ s/\Q$line_end\E$/ $operator$line_end/;
3875				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3876			}
3877		}
3878
3879# check indentation starts on a tab stop
3880		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3881		    $sline =~ /^\+\t+( +)(?:$c90_Keywords\b|\{\s*$|\}\s*(?:else\b|while\b|\s*$)|$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[;=])/) {
3882			my $indent = length($1);
3883			if ($indent % $tabsize) {
3884				if (WARN("TABSTOP",
3885					 "Statements should start on a tabstop\n" . $herecurr) &&
3886				    $fix) {
3887					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@(^\+\t+) +@$1 . "\t" x ($indent/$tabsize)@e;
3888				}
3889			}
3890		}
3891
3892# check multi-line statement indentation matches previous line
3893		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3894		    $prevline =~ /^\+([ \t]*)((?:$c90_Keywords(?:\s+if)\s*)|(?:$Declare\s*)?(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*|(?:\*\s*)*$Lval\s*=\s*$Ident\s*)\(.*(\&\&|\|\||,)\s*$/) {
3895			$prevline =~ /^\+(\t*)(.*)$/;
3896			my $oldindent = $1;
3897			my $rest = $2;
3898
3899			my $pos = pos_last_openparen($rest);
3900			if ($pos >= 0) {
3901				$line =~ /^(\+| )([ \t]*)/;
3902				my $newindent = $2;
3903
3904				my $goodtabindent = $oldindent .
3905					"\t" x ($pos / $tabsize) .
3906					" "  x ($pos % $tabsize);
3907				my $goodspaceindent = $oldindent . " "  x $pos;
3908
3909				if ($newindent ne $goodtabindent &&
3910				    $newindent ne $goodspaceindent) {
3911
3912					if (CHK("PARENTHESIS_ALIGNMENT",
3913						"Alignment should match open parenthesis\n" . $hereprev) &&
3914					    $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) {
3915						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3916						    s/^\+[ \t]*/\+$goodtabindent/;
3917					}
3918				}
3919			}
3920		}
3921
3922# check for space after cast like "(int) foo" or "(struct foo) bar"
3923# avoid checking a few false positives:
3924#   "sizeof(<type>)" or "__alignof__(<type>)"
3925#   function pointer declarations like "(*foo)(int) = bar;"
3926#   structure definitions like "(struct foo) { 0 };"
3927#   multiline macros that define functions
3928#   known attributes or the __attribute__ keyword
3929		if ($line =~ /^\+(.*)\(\s*$Type\s*\)([ \t]++)((?![={]|\\$|$Attribute|__attribute__))/ &&
3930		    (!defined($1) || $1 !~ /\b(?:sizeof|__alignof__)\s*$/)) {
3931			if (CHK("SPACING",
3932				"No space is necessary after a cast\n" . $herecurr) &&
3933			    $fix) {
3934				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3935				    s/(\(\s*$Type\s*\))[ \t]+/$1/;
3936			}
3937		}
3938
3939# Block comment styles
3940# Networking with an initial /*
3941		if ($realfile =~ m@^(drivers/net/|net/)@ &&
3942		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\/\*[ \t]*$/ &&
3943		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&
3944		    $realline > 3) { # Do not warn about the initial copyright comment block after SPDX-License-Identifier
3945			WARN("NETWORKING_BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3946			     "networking block comments don't use an empty /* line, use /* Comment...\n" . $hereprev);
3947		}
3948
3949# Block comments use * on subsequent lines
3950		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
3951		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#starting /*
3952		    $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/ &&		#no trailing */
3953		    $rawline =~ /^\+/ &&			#line is new
3954		    $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) {		#no leading *
3955			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3956			     "Block comments use * on subsequent lines\n" . $hereprev);
3957		}
3958
3959# Block comments use */ on trailing lines
3960		if ($rawline !~ m@^\+[ \t]*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing */
3961		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*/\*.*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#inline /*...*/
3962		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*\*{2,}/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing **/
3963		    $rawline =~ m@^\+[ \t]*.+\*\/[ \t]*$@) {	#non blank */
3964			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3965			     "Block comments use a trailing */ on a separate line\n" . $herecurr);
3966		}
3967
3968# Block comment * alignment
3969		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
3970		    $line =~ /^\+[ \t]*$;/ &&			#leading comment
3971		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&		#leading *
3972		    (($prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#leading /*
3973		      $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/) ||		#no trailing */
3974		     $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/)) {		#leading *
3975			my $oldindent;
3976			$prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/?)\*@;
3977			if (defined($1)) {
3978				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
3979			} else {
3980				$prevrawline =~ m@^\+(.*/?)\*@;
3981				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
3982			}
3983			$rawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*)\*@;
3984			my $newindent = $1;
3985			$newindent = expand_tabs($newindent);
3986			if (length($oldindent) ne length($newindent)) {
3987				WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3988				     "Block comments should align the * on each line\n" . $hereprev);
3989			}
3990		}
3991
3992# check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations
3993# with exceptions for various attributes and macros
3994		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]};?\s*$/ &&
3995		    $line =~ /^\+/ &&
3996		    !($line =~ /^\+\s*$/ ||
3997		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:EXPORT_SYMBOL|early_param)/ ||
3998		      $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i ||
3999		      $line =~ /^\+\s*\#\s*(?:end|elif|else)/ ||
4000		      $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ ||
4001		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:static\s+)?[A-Z_]*ATTR/ ||
4002		      $line =~ /^\+\s*DECLARE/ ||
4003		      $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ ||
4004		      $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) {
4005			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4006				"Please use a blank line after function/struct/union/enum declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4007			    $fix) {
4008				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4009			}
4010		}
4011
4012# check for multiple consecutive blank lines
4013		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]\s*$/ &&
4014		    $line =~ /^\+\s*$/ &&
4015		    $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) {
4016			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4017				"Please don't use multiple blank lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
4018			    $fix) {
4019				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4020			}
4021
4022			$last_blank_line = $linenr;
4023		}
4024
4025# check for missing blank lines after declarations
4026# (declarations must have the same indentation and not be at the start of line)
4027		if (($prevline =~ /\+(\s+)\S/) && $sline =~ /^\+$1\S/) {
4028			# use temporaries
4029			my $sl = $sline;
4030			my $pl = $prevline;
4031			# remove $Attribute/$Sparse uses to simplify comparisons
4032			$sl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4033			$pl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4034			if (($pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4035			# function pointer declarations
4036			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4037			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4038			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4039			# known declaration macros
4040			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/) &&
4041			# for "else if" which can look like "$Ident $Ident"
4042			    !($pl =~ /^\+\s+$c90_Keywords\b/ ||
4043			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4044			      $pl =~ /(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)\s*$/ ||
4045			# not starting a section or a macro "\" extended line
4046			      $pl =~ /(?:\{\s*|\\)$/) &&
4047			# looks like a declaration
4048			    !($sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4049			# function pointer declarations
4050			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4051			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4052			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4053			# known declaration macros
4054			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ ||
4055			# start of struct or union or enum
4056			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:static\s+)?(?:const\s+)?(?:union|struct|enum|typedef)\b/ ||
4057			# start or end of block or continuation of declaration
4058			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:$|[\{\}\.\#\"\?\:\(\[])/ ||
4059			# bitfield continuation
4060			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ ||
4061			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4062			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+\(?\s*(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/)) {
4063				if (WARN("LINE_SPACING",
4064					 "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4065				    $fix) {
4066					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4067				}
4068			}
4069		}
4070
4071# check for spaces at the beginning of a line.
4072# Exceptions:
4073#  1) within comments
4074#  2) indented preprocessor commands
4075#  3) hanging labels
4076		if ($rawline =~ /^\+ / && $line !~ /^\+ *(?:$;|#|$Ident:)/)  {
4077			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
4078			if (WARN("LEADING_SPACE",
4079				 "please, no spaces at the start of a line\n" . $herevet) &&
4080			    $fix) {
4081				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
4082			}
4083		}
4084
4085# check we are in a valid C source file if not then ignore this hunk
4086		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c)$/);
4087
4088# check for unusual line ending [ or (
4089		if ($line =~ /^\+.*([\[\(])\s*$/) {
4090			CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE",
4091			    "Lines should not end with a '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
4092		}
4093
4094# check if this appears to be the start function declaration, save the name
4095		if ($sline =~ /^\+\{\s*$/ &&
4096		    $prevline =~ /^\+(?:(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*)?($Ident)\(/) {
4097			$context_function = $1;
4098		}
4099
4100# check if this appears to be the end of function declaration
4101		if ($sline =~ /^\+\}\s*$/) {
4102			undef $context_function;
4103		}
4104
4105# check indentation of any line with a bare else
4106# (but not if it is a multiple line "if (foo) return bar; else return baz;")
4107# if the previous line is a break or return and is indented 1 tab more...
4108		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)(?:}[ \t]*)?else(?:[ \t]*{)?\s*$/) {
4109			my $tabs = length($1) + 1;
4110			if ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}break\b/ ||
4111			    ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}return\b/ &&
4112			     defined $lines[$linenr] &&
4113			     $lines[$linenr] !~ /^[ \+]\t{$tabs,$tabs}return/)) {
4114				WARN("UNNECESSARY_ELSE",
4115				     "else is not generally useful after a break or return\n" . $hereprev);
4116			}
4117		}
4118
4119# check indentation of a line with a break;
4120# if the previous line is a goto, return or break
4121# and is indented the same # of tabs
4122		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)break\s*;\s*$/) {
4123			my $tabs = $1;
4124			if ($prevline =~ /^\+$tabs(goto|return|break)\b/) {
4125				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_BREAK",
4126					 "break is not useful after a $1\n" . $hereprev) &&
4127				    $fix) {
4128					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4129				}
4130			}
4131		}
4132
4133# check for RCS/CVS revision markers
4134		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|)/) {
4135			WARN("CVS_KEYWORD",
4136			     "CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
4137		}
4138
4139# check for old HOTPLUG __dev<foo> section markings
4140		if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) {
4141			WARN("HOTPLUG_SECTION",
4142			     "Using $1 is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr);
4143		}
4144
4145# Check for potential 'bare' types
4146		my ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next,
4147		    $realline_next);
4148#print "LINE<$line>\n";
4149		if ($linenr > $suppress_statement &&
4150		    $realcnt && $sline =~ /.\s*\S/) {
4151			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4152				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4153			$stat =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4154			$cond =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4155
4156#print "linenr<$linenr> <$stat>\n";
4157			# If this statement has no statement boundaries within
4158			# it there is no point in retrying a statement scan
4159			# until we hit end of it.
4160			my $frag = $stat; $frag =~ s/;+\s*$//;
4161			if ($frag !~ /(?:{|;)/) {
4162#print "skip<$line_nr_next>\n";
4163				$suppress_statement = $line_nr_next;
4164			}
4165
4166			# Find the real next line.
4167			$realline_next = $line_nr_next;
4168			if (defined $realline_next &&
4169			    (!defined $lines[$realline_next - 1] ||
4170			     substr($lines[$realline_next - 1], $off_next) =~ /^\s*$/)) {
4171				$realline_next++;
4172			}
4173
4174			my $s = $stat;
4175			$s =~ s/{.*$//s;
4176
4177			# Ignore goto labels.
4178			if ($s =~ /$Ident:\*$/s) {
4179
4180			# Ignore functions being called
4181			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
4182
4183			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*else\b/s) {
4184
4185			# declarations always start with types
4186			} elsif ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?((?:\s*$Ident)+?)\b(?:\s+$Sparse)?\s*\**\s*(?:$Ident|\(\*[^\)]*\))(?:\s*$Modifier)?\s*(?:;|=|,|\()/s) {
4187				my $type = $1;
4188				$type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4189				possible($type, "A:" . $s);
4190
4191			# definitions in global scope can only start with types
4192			} elsif ($s =~ /^.(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?($Ident)\b\s*(?!:)/s) {
4193				possible($1, "B:" . $s);
4194			}
4195
4196			# any (foo ... *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type
4197			while ($s =~ /\(($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*[\s\*]+\s*\)/sg) {
4198				possible($1, "C:" . $s);
4199			}
4200
4201			# Check for any sort of function declaration.
4202			# int foo(something bar, other baz);
4203			# void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *);
4204			if ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^(.(?:typedef\s*)?(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*(?:\b$Ident|\(\*\s*$Ident\))\s*)\(/s) {
4205				my ($name_len) = length($1);
4206
4207				my $ctx = $s;
4208				substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, '');
4209				$ctx =~ s/\)[^\)]*$//;
4210
4211				for my $arg (split(/\s*,\s*/, $ctx)) {
4212					if ($arg =~ /^(?:const\s+)?($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*\s*\**\s*(:?\b$Ident)?$/s || $arg =~ /^($Ident)$/s) {
4213
4214						possible($1, "D:" . $s);
4215					}
4216				}
4217			}
4218
4219		}
4220
4221#
4222# Checks which may be anchored in the context.
4223#
4224
4225# Check for switch () and associated case and default
4226# statements should be at the same indent.
4227		if ($line=~/\bswitch\s*\(.*\)/) {
4228			my $err = '';
4229			my $sep = '';
4230			my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt);
4231			shift(@ctx);
4232			for my $ctx (@ctx) {
4233				my ($clen, $cindent) = line_stats($ctx);
4234				if ($ctx =~ /^\+\s*(case\s+|default:)/ &&
4235							$indent != $cindent) {
4236					$err .= "$sep$ctx\n";
4237					$sep = '';
4238				} else {
4239					$sep = "[...]\n";
4240				}
4241			}
4242			if ($err ne '') {
4243				ERROR("SWITCH_CASE_INDENT_LEVEL",
4244				      "switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
4245			}
4246		}
4247
4248# if/while/etc brace do not go on next line, unless defining a do while loop,
4249# or if that brace on the next line is for something else
4250		if ($line =~ /(.*)\b((?:if|while|for|switch|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|do\b|else\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\#/) {
4251			my $pre_ctx = "$1$2";
4252
4253			my ($level, @ctx) = ctx_statement_level($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4254
4255			if ($line =~ /^\+\t{6,}/) {
4256				WARN("DEEP_INDENTATION",
4257				     "Too many leading tabs - consider code refactoring\n" . $herecurr);
4258			}
4259
4260			my $ctx_cnt = $realcnt - $#ctx - 1;
4261			my $ctx = join("\n", @ctx);
4262
4263			my $ctx_ln = $linenr;
4264			my $ctx_skip = $realcnt;
4265
4266			while ($ctx_skip > $ctx_cnt || ($ctx_skip == $ctx_cnt &&
4267					defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] &&
4268					$lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^-/)) {
4269				##print "SKIP<$ctx_skip> CNT<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4270				$ctx_skip-- if (!defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] || $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] !~ /^-/);
4271				$ctx_ln++;
4272			}
4273
4274			#print "realcnt<$realcnt> ctx_cnt<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4275			#print "pre<$pre_ctx>\nline<$line>\nctx<$ctx>\nnext<$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]>\n";
4276
4277			if ($ctx !~ /{\s*/ && defined($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*{/) {
4278				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4279				      "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
4280					"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4281			}
4282			if ($level == 0 && $pre_ctx !~ /}\s*while\s*\($/ &&
4283			    $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ &&
4284			    defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1])
4285			{
4286				my ($nlength, $nindent) = line_stats($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]);
4287				if ($nindent > $indent) {
4288					WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
4289					     "trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
4290						"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4291				}
4292			}
4293		}
4294
4295# Check relative indent for conditionals and blocks.
4296		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:if|while|for|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|(?:do|else)\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/ && $line !~ /\}\s*while\s*/) {
4297			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4298				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
4299					if (!defined $stat);
4300			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
4301
4302			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
4303
4304			# remove inline comments
4305			$s =~ s/$;/ /g;
4306			$c =~ s/$;/ /g;
4307
4308			# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
4309			my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
4310			my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
4311
4312			# Make sure we remove the line prefixes as we have
4313			# none on the first line, and are going to readd them
4314			# where necessary.
4315			$s =~ s/\n./\n/gs;
4316			while ($s =~ /\n\s+\\\n/) {
4317				$cond_lines += $s =~ s/\n\s+\\\n/\n/g;
4318			}
4319
4320			# We want to check the first line inside the block
4321			# starting at the end of the conditional, so remove:
4322			#  1) any blank line termination
4323			#  2) any opening brace { on end of the line
4324			#  3) any do (...) {
4325			my $continuation = 0;
4326			my $check = 0;
4327			$s =~ s/^.*\bdo\b//;
4328			$s =~ s/^\s*{//;
4329			if ($s =~ s/^\s*\\//) {
4330				$continuation = 1;
4331			}
4332			if ($s =~ s/^\s*?\n//) {
4333				$check = 1;
4334				$cond_lines++;
4335			}
4336
4337			# Also ignore a loop construct at the end of a
4338			# preprocessor statement.
4339			if (($prevline =~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s/ ||
4340			    $prevline =~ /\\\s*$/) && $continuation == 0) {
4341				$check = 0;
4342			}
4343
4344			my $cond_ptr = -1;
4345			$continuation = 0;
4346			while ($cond_ptr != $cond_lines) {
4347				$cond_ptr = $cond_lines;
4348
4349				# If we see an #else/#elif then the code
4350				# is not linear.
4351				if ($s =~ /^\s*\#\s*(?:else|elif)/) {
4352					$check = 0;
4353				}
4354
4355				# Ignore:
4356				#  1) blank lines, they should be at 0,
4357				#  2) preprocessor lines, and
4358				#  3) labels.
4359				if ($continuation ||
4360				    $s =~ /^\s*?\n/ ||
4361				    $s =~ /^\s*#\s*?/ ||
4362				    $s =~ /^\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
4363					$continuation = ($s =~ /^.*?\\\n/) ? 1 : 0;
4364					if ($s =~ s/^.*?\n//) {
4365						$cond_lines++;
4366					}
4367				}
4368			}
4369
4370			my (undef, $sindent) = line_stats("+" . $s);
4371			my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines);
4372
4373			# Check if either of these lines are modified, else
4374			# this is not this patch's fault.
4375			if (!defined($stat_real) ||
4376			    $stat !~ /^\+/ && $stat_real !~ /^\+/) {
4377				$check = 0;
4378			}
4379			if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
4380				$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
4381			}
4382
4383			#print "line<$line> prevline<$prevline> indent<$indent> sindent<$sindent> check<$check> continuation<$continuation> s<$s> cond_lines<$cond_lines> stat_real<$stat_real> stat<$stat>\n";
4384
4385			if ($check && $s ne '' &&
4386			    (($sindent % $tabsize) != 0 ||
4387			     ($sindent < $indent) ||
4388			     ($sindent == $indent &&
4389			      ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\}|\{|else\b)/)) ||
4390			     ($sindent > $indent + $tabsize))) {
4391				WARN("SUSPECT_CODE_INDENT",
4392				     "suspect code indent for conditional statements ($indent, $sindent)\n" . $herecurr . "$stat_real\n");
4393			}
4394		}
4395
4396		# Track the 'values' across context and added lines.
4397		my $opline = $line; $opline =~ s/^./ /;
4398		my ($curr_values, $curr_vars) =
4399				annotate_values($opline . "\n", $prev_values);
4400		$curr_values = $prev_values . $curr_values;
4401		if ($dbg_values) {
4402			my $outline = $opline; $outline =~ s/\t/ /g;
4403			print "$linenr > .$outline\n";
4404			print "$linenr > $curr_values\n";
4405			print "$linenr >  $curr_vars\n";
4406		}
4407		$prev_values = substr($curr_values, -1);
4408
4409#ignore lines not being added
4410		next if ($line =~ /^[^\+]/);
4411
4412# check for self assignments used to avoid compiler warnings
4413# e.g.:	int foo = foo, *bar = NULL;
4414#	struct foo bar = *(&(bar));
4415		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)\s*=/) {
4416			my $var = $1;
4417			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?$var\s*=\s*(?:$var|\*\s*\(?\s*&\s*\(?\s*$var\s*\)?\s*\)?)\s*[;,]/) {
4418				WARN("SELF_ASSIGNMENT",
4419				     "Do not use self-assignments to avoid compiler warnings\n" . $herecurr);
4420			}
4421		}
4422
4423# check for dereferences that span multiple lines
4424		if ($prevline =~ /^\+.*$Lval\s*(?:\.|->)\s*$/ &&
4425		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?!\#\s*(?!define\s+|if))\s*$Lval/) {
4426			$prevline =~ /($Lval\s*(?:\.|->))\s*$/;
4427			my $ref = $1;
4428			$line =~ /^.\s*($Lval)/;
4429			$ref .= $1;
4430			$ref =~ s/\s//g;
4431			WARN("MULTILINE_DEREFERENCE",
4432			     "Avoid multiple line dereference - prefer '$ref'\n" . $hereprev);
4433		}
4434
4435# check for declarations of signed or unsigned without int
4436		while ($line =~ m{\b($Declare)\s*(?!char\b|short\b|int\b|long\b)\s*($Ident)?\s*[=,;\[\)\(]}g) {
4437			my $type = $1;
4438			my $var = $2;
4439			$var = "" if (!defined $var);
4440			if ($type =~ /^(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline|$Attribute)\s+)*((?:un)?signed)((?:\s*\*)*)\s*$/) {
4441				my $sign = $1;
4442				my $pointer = $2;
4443
4444				$pointer = "" if (!defined $pointer);
4445
4446				if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT",
4447					 "Prefer '" . trim($sign) . " int" . rtrim($pointer) . "' to bare use of '$sign" . rtrim($pointer) . "'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4448				    $fix) {
4449					my $decl = trim($sign) . " int ";
4450					my $comp_pointer = $pointer;
4451					$comp_pointer =~ s/\s//g;
4452					$decl .= $comp_pointer;
4453					$decl = rtrim($decl) if ($var eq "");
4454					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\b$sign\s*\Q$pointer\E\s*$var\b@$decl$var@;
4455				}
4456			}
4457		}
4458
4459# TEST: allow direct testing of the type matcher.
4460		if ($dbg_type) {
4461			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Declare\s*$/) {
4462				ERROR("TEST_TYPE",
4463				      "TEST: is type\n" . $herecurr);
4464			} elsif ($dbg_type > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Declare)/) {
4465				ERROR("TEST_NOT_TYPE",
4466				      "TEST: is not type ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4467			}
4468			next;
4469		}
4470# TEST: allow direct testing of the attribute matcher.
4471		if ($dbg_attr) {
4472			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) {
4473				ERROR("TEST_ATTR",
4474				      "TEST: is attr\n" . $herecurr);
4475			} elsif ($dbg_attr > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Modifier)/) {
4476				ERROR("TEST_NOT_ATTR",
4477				      "TEST: is not attr ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4478			}
4479			next;
4480		}
4481
4482# check for initialisation to aggregates open brace on the next line
4483		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4484		    $prevline =~ /(?:^|[^=])=\s*$/) {
4485			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4486				  "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4487			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4488				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4489				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4490				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
4491				$fixedline =~ s/\s*=\s*$/ = {/;
4492				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4493				$fixedline = $line;
4494				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1/;
4495				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4496			}
4497		}
4498
4499#
4500# Checks which are anchored on the added line.
4501#
4502
4503# check for malformed paths in #include statements (uses RAW line)
4504		if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[<"](.*)[">]}) {
4505			my $path = $1;
4506			if ($path =~ m{//}) {
4507				ERROR("MALFORMED_INCLUDE",
4508				      "malformed #include filename\n" . $herecurr);
4509			}
4510			if ($path =~ "^uapi/" && $realfile =~ m@\binclude/uapi/@) {
4511				ERROR("UAPI_INCLUDE",
4512				      "No #include in ...include/uapi/... should use a uapi/ path prefix\n" . $herecurr);
4513			}
4514		}
4515
4516# no C99 // comments
4517		if ($line =~ m{//}) {
4518			if (ERROR("C99_COMMENTS",
4519				  "do not use C99 // comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
4520			    $fix) {
4521				my $line = $fixed[$fixlinenr];
4522				if ($line =~ /\/\/(.*)$/) {
4523					my $comment = trim($1);
4524					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\/\/(.*)$@/\* $comment \*/@;
4525				}
4526			}
4527		}
4528		# Remove C99 comments.
4529		$line =~ s@//.*@@;
4530		$opline =~ s@//.*@@;
4531
4532# EXPORT_SYMBOL should immediately follow the thing it is exporting, consider
4533# the whole statement.
4534#print "APW <$lines[$realline_next - 1]>\n";
4535		if (defined $realline_next &&
4536		    exists $lines[$realline_next - 1] &&
4537		    !defined $suppress_export{$realline_next} &&
4538		    ($lines[$realline_next - 1] =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4539			# Handle definitions which produce identifiers with
4540			# a prefix:
4541			#   XXX(foo);
4542			#   EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo);
4543			my $name = $1;
4544			$name =~ s/^\s*($Ident).*/$1/;
4545			if ($stat =~ /^(?:.\s*}\s*\n)?.([A-Z_]+)\s*\(\s*($Ident)/ &&
4546			    $name =~ /^${Ident}_$2/) {
4547#print "FOO C name<$name>\n";
4548				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4549
4550			} elsif ($stat !~ /(?:
4551				\n.}\s*$|
4552				^.DEFINE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4553				^.DECLARE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4554				^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)|
4555				^.(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(|
4556				\b\Q$name\E(?:\s+$Attribute)*\s*(?:;|=|\[|\()
4557			    )/x) {
4558#print "FOO A<$lines[$realline_next - 1]> stat<$stat> name<$name>\n";
4559				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 2;
4560			} else {
4561				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4562			}
4563		}
4564		if (!defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4565		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*$/ &&
4566		    ($line =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4567#print "FOO B <$lines[$linenr - 1]>\n";
4568			$suppress_export{$linenr} = 2;
4569		}
4570		if (defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4571		    $suppress_export{$linenr} == 2) {
4572			WARN("EXPORT_SYMBOL",
4573			     "EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable\n" . $herecurr);
4574		}
4575
4576# check for global initialisers.
4577		if ($line =~ /^\+$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*\s*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/ &&
4578		    !exclude_global_initialisers($realfile)) {
4579			if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS",
4580				  "do not initialise globals to $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
4581			    $fix) {
4582				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4583			}
4584		}
4585# check for static initialisers.
4586		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\bstatic\s.*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/) {
4587			if (ERROR("INITIALISED_STATIC",
4588				  "do not initialise statics to $1\n" .
4589				      $herecurr) &&
4590			    $fix) {
4591				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s.*?)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4592			}
4593		}
4594
4595# check for misordered declarations of char/short/int/long with signed/unsigned
4596		while ($sline =~ m{(\b$TypeMisordered\b)}g) {
4597			my $tmp = trim($1);
4598			WARN("MISORDERED_TYPE",
4599			     "type '$tmp' should be specified in [[un]signed] [short|int|long|long long] order\n" . $herecurr);
4600		}
4601
4602# check for unnecessary <signed> int declarations of short/long/long long
4603		while ($sline =~ m{\b($TypeMisordered(\s*\*)*|$C90_int_types)\b}g) {
4604			my $type = trim($1);
4605			next if ($type !~ /\bint\b/);
4606			next if ($type !~ /\b(?:short|long\s+long|long)\b/);
4607			my $new_type = $type;
4608			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*int\s*\b/ /;
4609			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*(?:un)?signed\b\s*/ /;
4610			$new_type =~ s/^const\s+//;
4611			$new_type = "unsigned $new_type" if ($type =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
4612			$new_type = "const $new_type" if ($type =~ /^const\b/);
4613			$new_type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4614			$new_type = trim($new_type);
4615			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_INT",
4616				 "Prefer '$new_type' over '$type' as the int is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr) &&
4617			    $fix) {
4618				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$type\E\b/$new_type/;
4619			}
4620		}
4621
4622# check for static const char * arrays.
4623		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+const\s+char\s*\*\s*(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*/) {
4624			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4625			     "static const char * array should probably be static const char * const\n" .
4626				$herecurr);
4627		}
4628
4629# check for initialized const char arrays that should be static const
4630		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*const\s+(char|unsigned\s+char|_*u8|(?:[us]_)?int8_t)\s+\w+\s*\[\s*(?:\w+\s*)?\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4631			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4632				 "const array should probably be static const\n" . $herecurr) &&
4633			    $fix) {
4634				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.\s*)const\b/${1}static const/;
4635			}
4636		}
4637
4638# check for static char foo[] = "bar" declarations.
4639		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+char\s+(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4640			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4641			     "static char array declaration should probably be static const char\n" .
4642				$herecurr);
4643		}
4644
4645# check for const <foo> const where <foo> is not a pointer or array type
4646		if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4647			my $found = $1;
4648			if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\b\s*\*/) {
4649				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4650				     "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . $herecurr);
4651			} elsif ($sline !~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\s+\w+\s*\[/) {
4652				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4653				     "'const $found const' should probably be 'const $found'\n" . $herecurr);
4654			}
4655		}
4656
4657# check for const static or static <non ptr type> const declarations
4658# prefer 'static const <foo>' over 'const static <foo>' and 'static <foo> const'
4659		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s*const\s+static\s+($Type)\b/ ||
4660		    $sline =~ /^\+\s*static\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4661			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST",
4662				 "Move const after static - use 'static const $1'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4663			    $fix) {
4664				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bconst\s+static\b/static const/;
4665				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bstatic\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/static const $1/;
4666			}
4667		}
4668
4669# check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", ...} declarations.
4670		if ($line =~ /^.\s+(?:static\s+|const\s+)?char\s+\*\s*\w+\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*\{/) {
4671			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4672			     "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" .
4673				$herecurr);
4674		}
4675
4676# check for sizeof(foo)/sizeof(foo[0]) that could be ARRAY_SIZE(foo)
4677		if ($line =~ m@\bsizeof\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)@) {
4678			my $array = $1;
4679			if ($line =~ m@\b(sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\)\s*/\s*sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\[\s*0\s*\]\s*\))@) {
4680				my $array_div = $1;
4681				if (WARN("ARRAY_SIZE",
4682					 "Prefer ARRAY_SIZE($array)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4683				    $fix) {
4684					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$array_div\E/ARRAY_SIZE($array)/;
4685				}
4686			}
4687		}
4688
4689# check for function declarations without arguments like "int foo()"
4690		if ($line =~ /(\b$Type\s*$Ident)\s*\(\s*\)/) {
4691			if (ERROR("FUNCTION_WITHOUT_ARGS",
4692				  "Bad function definition - $1() should probably be $1(void)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4693			    $fix) {
4694				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\b($Type)\s+($Ident))\s*\(\s*\)/$2 $3(void)/;
4695			}
4696		}
4697
4698# check for new typedefs, only function parameters and sparse annotations
4699# make sense.
4700		if ($line =~ /\btypedef\s/ &&
4701		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s*\(\s*\*?$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/ &&
4702		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s+$Ident\s*\(/ &&
4703		    $line !~ /\b$typeTypedefs\b/ &&
4704		    $line !~ /\b__bitwise\b/) {
4705			WARN("NEW_TYPEDEFS",
4706			     "do not add new typedefs\n" . $herecurr);
4707		}
4708
4709# * goes on variable not on type
4710		# (char*[ const])
4711		while ($line =~ m{(\($NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)\))}g) {
4712			#print "AA<$1>\n";
4713			my ($ident, $from, $to) = ($1, $2, $2);
4714
4715			# Should start with a space.
4716			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4717			# Should not end with a space.
4718			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4719			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4720			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4721			}
4722
4723##			print "1: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4724			if ($from ne $to) {
4725				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4726					  "\"(foo$from)\" should be \"(foo$to)\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4727				    $fix) {
4728					my $sub_from = $ident;
4729					my $sub_to = $ident;
4730					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4731					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4732					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4733				}
4734			}
4735		}
4736		while ($line =~ m{(\b$NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) {
4737			#print "BB<$1>\n";
4738			my ($match, $from, $to, $ident) = ($1, $2, $2, $3);
4739
4740			# Should start with a space.
4741			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4742			# Should not end with a space.
4743			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4744			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4745			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4746			}
4747			# Modifiers should have spaces.
4748			$to =~ s/(\b$Modifier$)/$1 /;
4749
4750##			print "2: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4751			if ($from ne $to && $ident !~ /^$Modifier$/) {
4752				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4753					  "\"foo${from}bar\" should be \"foo${to}bar\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4754				    $fix) {
4755
4756					my $sub_from = $match;
4757					my $sub_to = $match;
4758					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4759					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4760					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4761				}
4762			}
4763		}
4764
4765# do not use BUG() or variants
4766		if ($line =~ /\b(?!AA_|BUILD_|DCCP_|IDA_|KVM_|RWLOCK_|snd_|SPIN_)(?:[a-zA-Z_]*_)?BUG(?:_ON)?(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(/) {
4767			my $msg_level = \&WARN;
4768			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
4769			&{$msg_level}("AVOID_BUG",
4770				      "Do not crash the kernel unless it is absolutely unavoidable--use WARN_ON_ONCE() plus recovery code (if feasible) instead of BUG() or variants\n" . $herecurr);
4771		}
4772
4773# avoid LINUX_VERSION_CODE
4774		if ($line =~ /\bLINUX_VERSION_CODE\b/) {
4775			WARN("LINUX_VERSION_CODE",
4776			     "LINUX_VERSION_CODE should be avoided, code should be for the version to which it is merged\n" . $herecurr);
4777		}
4778
4779# check for uses of printk_ratelimit
4780		if ($line =~ /\bprintk_ratelimit\s*\(/) {
4781			WARN("PRINTK_RATELIMITED",
4782			     "Prefer printk_ratelimited or pr_<level>_ratelimited to printk_ratelimit\n" . $herecurr);
4783		}
4784
4785# printk should use KERN_* levels
4786		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*(?!KERN_[A-Z]+\b)/) {
4787			WARN("PRINTK_WITHOUT_KERN_LEVEL",
4788			     "printk() should include KERN_<LEVEL> facility level\n" . $herecurr);
4789		}
4790
4791# prefer variants of (subsystem|netdev|dev|pr)_<level> to printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4792		if ($line =~ /\b(printk(_once|_ratelimited)?)\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4793			my $printk = $1;
4794			my $modifier = $2;
4795			my $orig = $3;
4796			$modifier = "" if (!defined($modifier));
4797			my $level = lc($orig);
4798			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4799			my $level2 = $level;
4800			$level2 = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4801			$level .= $modifier;
4802			$level2 .= $modifier;
4803			WARN("PREFER_PR_LEVEL",
4804			     "Prefer [subsystem eg: netdev]_$level2([subsystem]dev, ... then dev_$level2(dev, ... then pr_$level(...  to $printk(KERN_$orig ...\n" . $herecurr);
4805		}
4806
4807# prefer dev_<level> to dev_printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4808		if ($line =~ /\bdev_printk\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4809			my $orig = $1;
4810			my $level = lc($orig);
4811			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4812			$level = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4813			WARN("PREFER_DEV_LEVEL",
4814			     "Prefer dev_$level(... to dev_printk(KERN_$orig, ...\n" . $herecurr);
4815		}
4816
4817# trace_printk should not be used in production code.
4818		if ($line =~ /\b(trace_printk|trace_puts|ftrace_vprintk)\s*\(/) {
4819			WARN("TRACE_PRINTK",
4820			     "Do not use $1() in production code (this can be ignored if built only with a debug config option)\n" . $herecurr);
4821		}
4822
4823# ENOSYS means "bad syscall nr" and nothing else.  This will have a small
4824# number of false positives, but assembly files are not checked, so at
4825# least the arch entry code will not trigger this warning.
4826		if ($line =~ /\bENOSYS\b/) {
4827			WARN("ENOSYS",
4828			     "ENOSYS means 'invalid syscall nr' and nothing else\n" . $herecurr);
4829		}
4830
4831# ENOTSUPP is not a standard error code and should be avoided in new patches.
4832# Folks usually mean EOPNOTSUPP (also called ENOTSUP), when they type ENOTSUPP.
4833# Similarly to ENOSYS warning a small number of false positives is expected.
4834		if (!$file && $line =~ /\bENOTSUPP\b/) {
4835			if (WARN("ENOTSUPP",
4836				 "ENOTSUPP is not a SUSV4 error code, prefer EOPNOTSUPP\n" . $herecurr) &&
4837			    $fix) {
4838				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bENOTSUPP\b/EOPNOTSUPP/;
4839			}
4840		}
4841
4842# function brace can't be on same line, except for #defines of do while,
4843# or if closed on same line
4844		if ($perl_version_ok &&
4845		    $sline =~ /$Type\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*\{/ &&
4846		    $sline !~ /\#\s*define\b.*do\s*\{/ &&
4847		    $sline !~ /}/) {
4848			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4849				  "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herecurr) &&
4850			    $fix) {
4851				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4852				my $fixed_line = $rawline;
4853				$fixed_line =~ /(^..*$Type\s*$Ident\(.*\)\s*)\{(.*)$/;
4854				my $line1 = $1;
4855				my $line2 = $2;
4856				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, ltrim($line1));
4857				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+{");
4858				if ($line2 !~ /^\s*$/) {
4859					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+\t" . trim($line2));
4860				}
4861			}
4862		}
4863
4864# open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line.
4865		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4866		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?\s*$/) {
4867			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4868				  "open brace '{' following $1 go on the same line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4869			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4870				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4871				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4872				my $fixedline = rtrim($prevrawline) . " {";
4873				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4874				$fixedline = $rawline;
4875				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1\t/;
4876				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
4877					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4878				}
4879			}
4880		}
4881
4882# missing space after union, struct or enum definition
4883		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2}[=\{]/) {
4884			if (WARN("SPACING",
4885				 "missing space after $1 definition\n" . $herecurr) &&
4886			    $fix) {
4887				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4888				    s/^(.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(?:enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2})([=\{])/$1 $2/;
4889			}
4890		}
4891
4892# Function pointer declarations
4893# check spacing between type, funcptr, and args
4894# canonical declaration is "type (*funcptr)(args...)"
4895		if ($line =~ /^.\s*($Declare)\((\s*)\*(\s*)($Ident)(\s*)\)(\s*)\(/) {
4896			my $declare = $1;
4897			my $pre_pointer_space = $2;
4898			my $post_pointer_space = $3;
4899			my $funcname = $4;
4900			my $post_funcname_space = $5;
4901			my $pre_args_space = $6;
4902
4903# the $Declare variable will capture all spaces after the type
4904# so check it for a missing trailing missing space but pointer return types
4905# don't need a space so don't warn for those.
4906			my $post_declare_space = "";
4907			if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) {
4908				$post_declare_space = $1;
4909				$declare = rtrim($declare);
4910			}
4911			if ($declare !~ /\*$/ && $post_declare_space =~ /^$/) {
4912				WARN("SPACING",
4913				     "missing space after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4914				$post_declare_space = " ";
4915			}
4916
4917# unnecessary space "type  (*funcptr)(args...)"
4918# This test is not currently implemented because these declarations are
4919# equivalent to
4920#	int  foo(int bar, ...)
4921# and this is form shouldn't/doesn't generate a checkpatch warning.
4922#
4923#			elsif ($declare =~ /\s{2,}$/) {
4924#				WARN("SPACING",
4925#				     "Multiple spaces after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4926#			}
4927
4928# unnecessary space "type ( *funcptr)(args...)"
4929			if (defined $pre_pointer_space &&
4930			    $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
4931				WARN("SPACING",
4932				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer open parenthesis\n" . $herecurr);
4933			}
4934
4935# unnecessary space "type (* funcptr)(args...)"
4936			if (defined $post_pointer_space &&
4937			    $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
4938				WARN("SPACING",
4939				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
4940			}
4941
4942# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr )(args...)"
4943			if (defined $post_funcname_space &&
4944			    $post_funcname_space =~ /^\s/) {
4945				WARN("SPACING",
4946				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
4947			}
4948
4949# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr) (args...)"
4950			if (defined $pre_args_space &&
4951			    $pre_args_space =~ /^\s/) {
4952				WARN("SPACING",
4953				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $herecurr);
4954			}
4955
4956			if (show_type("SPACING") && $fix) {
4957				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4958				    s/^(.\s*)$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/$1 . $declare . $post_declare_space . '(*' . $funcname . ')('/ex;
4959			}
4960		}
4961
4962# check for spacing round square brackets; allowed:
4963#  1. with a type on the left -- int [] a;
4964#  2. at the beginning of a line for slice initialisers -- [0...10] = 5,
4965#  3. inside a curly brace -- = { [0...10] = 5 }
4966		while ($line =~ /(.*?\s)\[/g) {
4967			my ($where, $prefix) = ($-[1], $1);
4968			if ($prefix !~ /$Type\s+$/ &&
4969			    ($where != 0 || $prefix !~ /^.\s+$/) &&
4970			    $prefix !~ /[{,:]\s+$/) {
4971				if (ERROR("BRACKET_SPACE",
4972					  "space prohibited before open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
4973				    $fix) {
4974				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4975					s/^(\+.*?)\s+\[/$1\[/;
4976				}
4977			}
4978		}
4979
4980# check for spaces between functions and their parentheses.
4981		while ($line =~ /($Ident)\s+\(/g) {
4982			my $name = $1;
4983			my $ctx_before = substr($line, 0, $-[1]);
4984			my $ctx = "$ctx_before$name";
4985
4986			# Ignore those directives where spaces _are_ permitted.
4987			if ($name =~ /^(?:
4988				if|for|while|switch|return|case|
4989				volatile|__volatile__|
4990				__attribute__|format|__extension__|
4991				asm|__asm__)$/x)
4992			{
4993			# cpp #define statements have non-optional spaces, ie
4994			# if there is a space between the name and the open
4995			# parenthesis it is simply not a parameter group.
4996			} elsif ($ctx_before =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$/) {
4997
4998			# cpp #elif statement condition may start with a (
4999			} elsif ($ctx =~ /^.\s*\#\s*elif\s*$/) {
5000
5001			# If this whole things ends with a type its most
5002			# likely a typedef for a function.
5003			} elsif ($ctx =~ /$Type$/) {
5004
5005			} else {
5006				if (WARN("SPACING",
5007					 "space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5008					     $fix) {
5009					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5010					    s/\b$name\s+\(/$name\(/;
5011				}
5012			}
5013		}
5014
5015# Check operator spacing.
5016		if (!($line=~/\#\s*include/)) {
5017			my $fixed_line = "";
5018			my $line_fixed = 0;
5019
5020			my $ops = qr{
5021				<<=|>>=|<=|>=|==|!=|
5022				\+=|-=|\*=|\/=|%=|\^=|\|=|&=|
5023				=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|=|!|~|
5024				&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%|
5025				\?:|\?|:
5026			}x;
5027			my @elements = split(/($ops|;)/, $opline);
5028
5029##			print("element count: <" . $#elements . ">\n");
5030##			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5031##				print("el: <$el>\n");
5032##			}
5033
5034			my @fix_elements = ();
5035			my $off = 0;
5036
5037			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5038				push(@fix_elements, substr($rawline, $off, length($el)));
5039				$off += length($el);
5040			}
5041
5042			$off = 0;
5043
5044			my $blank = copy_spacing($opline);
5045			my $last_after = -1;
5046
5047			for (my $n = 0; $n < $#elements; $n += 2) {
5048
5049				my $good = $fix_elements[$n] . $fix_elements[$n + 1];
5050
5051##				print("n: <$n> good: <$good>\n");
5052
5053				$off += length($elements[$n]);
5054
5055				# Pick up the preceding and succeeding characters.
5056				my $ca = substr($opline, 0, $off);
5057				my $cc = '';
5058				if (length($opline) >= ($off + length($elements[$n + 1]))) {
5059					$cc = substr($opline, $off + length($elements[$n + 1]));
5060				}
5061				my $cb = "$ca$;$cc";
5062
5063				my $a = '';
5064				$a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne '');
5065				$a = 'W' if ($elements[$n] =~ /\s$/);
5066				$a = 'C' if ($elements[$n] =~ /$;$/);
5067				$a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/);
5068				$a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq '');
5069				$a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/);
5070
5071				my $op = $elements[$n + 1];
5072
5073				my $c = '';
5074				if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) {
5075					$c = 'V' if ($elements[$n + 2] ne '');
5076					$c = 'W' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s/);
5077					$c = 'C' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^$;/);
5078					$c = 'B' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^(\)|\]|;)/);
5079					$c = 'O' if ($elements[$n + 2] eq '');
5080					$c = 'E' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s*\\$/);
5081				} else {
5082					$c = 'E';
5083				}
5084
5085				my $ctx = "${a}x${c}";
5086
5087				my $at = "(ctx:$ctx)";
5088
5089				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $off) . "^";
5090				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
5091
5092				# Pull out the value of this operator.
5093				my $op_type = substr($curr_values, $off + 1, 1);
5094
5095				# Get the full operator variant.
5096				my $opv = $op . substr($curr_vars, $off, 1);
5097
5098				# Ignore operators passed as parameters.
5099				if ($op_type ne 'V' &&
5100				    $ca =~ /\s$/ && $cc =~ /^\s*[,\)]/) {
5101
5102#				# Ignore comments
5103#				} elsif ($op =~ /^$;+$/) {
5104
5105				# ; should have either the end of line or a space or \ after it
5106				} elsif ($op eq ';') {
5107					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEBC]/ &&
5108					    $cc !~ /^\\/ && $cc !~ /^;/) {
5109						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5110							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5111							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5112							$line_fixed = 1;
5113						}
5114					}
5115
5116				# // is a comment
5117				} elsif ($op eq '//') {
5118
5119				#   :   when part of a bitfield
5120				} elsif ($opv eq ':B') {
5121					# skip the bitfield test for now
5122
5123				# No spaces for:
5124				#   ->
5125				} elsif ($op eq '->') {
5126					if ($ctx =~ /Wx.|.xW/) {
5127						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5128							  "spaces prohibited around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5129							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5130							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5131								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5132							}
5133							$line_fixed = 1;
5134						}
5135					}
5136
5137				# , must not have a space before and must have a space on the right.
5138				} elsif ($op eq ',') {
5139					my $rtrim_before = 0;
5140					my $space_after = 0;
5141					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./) {
5142						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5143							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5144							$line_fixed = 1;
5145							$rtrim_before = 1;
5146						}
5147					}
5148					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEC]/ && $cc !~ /^}/) {
5149						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5150							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5151							$line_fixed = 1;
5152							$last_after = $n;
5153							$space_after = 1;
5154						}
5155					}
5156					if ($rtrim_before || $space_after) {
5157						if ($rtrim_before) {
5158							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5159						} else {
5160							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5161						}
5162						if ($space_after) {
5163							$good .= " ";
5164						}
5165					}
5166
5167				# '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already.
5168				} elsif ($opv eq '*_') {
5169					#warn "'*' is part of type\n";
5170
5171				# unary operators should have a space before and
5172				# none after.  May be left adjacent to another
5173				# unary operator, or a cast
5174				} elsif ($op eq '!' || $op eq '~' ||
5175					 $opv eq '*U' || $opv eq '-U' ||
5176					 $opv eq '&U' || $opv eq '&&U') {
5177					if ($ctx !~ /[WEBC]x./ && $ca !~ /(?:\)|!|~|\*|-|\&|\||\+\+|\-\-|\{)$/) {
5178						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5179							  "space required before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5180							if ($n != $last_after + 2) {
5181								$good = $fix_elements[$n] . " " . ltrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5182								$line_fixed = 1;
5183							}
5184						}
5185					}
5186					if ($op eq '*' && $cc =~/\s*$Modifier\b/) {
5187						# A unary '*' may be const
5188
5189					} elsif ($ctx =~ /.xW/) {
5190						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5191							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5192							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5193							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5194								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5195							}
5196							$line_fixed = 1;
5197						}
5198					}
5199
5200				# unary ++ and unary -- are allowed no space on one side.
5201				} elsif ($op eq '++' or $op eq '--') {
5202					if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) {
5203						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5204							  "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5205							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5206							$line_fixed = 1;
5207						}
5208					}
5209					if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ ||
5210					    ($ctx =~ /Wx./ && $cc =~ /^;/)) {
5211						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5212							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5213							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5214							$line_fixed = 1;
5215						}
5216					}
5217					if ($ctx =~ /ExW/) {
5218						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5219							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5220							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5221							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5222								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5223							}
5224							$line_fixed = 1;
5225						}
5226					}
5227
5228				# << and >> may either have or not have spaces both sides
5229				} elsif ($op eq '<<' or $op eq '>>' or
5230					 $op eq '&' or $op eq '^' or $op eq '|' or
5231					 $op eq '+' or $op eq '-' or
5232					 $op eq '*' or $op eq '/' or
5233					 $op eq '%')
5234				{
5235					if ($check) {
5236						if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /[EW]x[EW]/) {
5237							if (CHK("SPACING",
5238								"spaces preferred around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5239								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5240								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5241								$line_fixed = 1;
5242							}
5243						} elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) {
5244							if (CHK("SPACING",
5245								"space preferred before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5246								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5247								$line_fixed = 1;
5248							}
5249						}
5250					} elsif ($ctx =~ /Wx[^WCE]|[^WCE]xW/) {
5251						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5252							  "need consistent spacing around '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5253							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5254							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5255								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5256							}
5257							$line_fixed = 1;
5258						}
5259					}
5260
5261				# A colon needs no spaces before when it is
5262				# terminating a case value or a label.
5263				} elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') {
5264					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./ and $realfile !~ m@.*\.lds\.h$@) {
5265						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5266							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5267							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5268							$line_fixed = 1;
5269						}
5270					}
5271
5272				# All the others need spaces both sides.
5273				} elsif ($ctx !~ /[EWC]x[CWE]/) {
5274					my $ok = 0;
5275
5276					# Ignore email addresses <foo@bar>
5277					if (($op eq '<' &&
5278					     $cc =~ /^\S+\@\S+>/) ||
5279					    ($op eq '>' &&
5280					     $ca =~ /<\S+\@\S+$/))
5281					{
5282						$ok = 1;
5283					}
5284
5285					# for asm volatile statements
5286					# ignore a colon with another
5287					# colon immediately before or after
5288					if (($op eq ':') &&
5289					    ($ca =~ /:$/ || $cc =~ /^:/)) {
5290						$ok = 1;
5291					}
5292
5293					# messages are ERROR, but ?: are CHK
5294					if ($ok == 0) {
5295						my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
5296						$msg_level = \&CHK if (($op eq '?:' || $op eq '?' || $op eq ':') && $ctx =~ /VxV/);
5297
5298						if (&{$msg_level}("SPACING",
5299								  "spaces required around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5300							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5301							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5302								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5303							}
5304							$line_fixed = 1;
5305						}
5306					}
5307				}
5308				$off += length($elements[$n + 1]);
5309
5310##				print("n: <$n> GOOD: <$good>\n");
5311
5312				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $good;
5313			}
5314
5315			if (($#elements % 2) == 0) {
5316				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $fix_elements[$#elements];
5317			}
5318
5319			if ($fix && $line_fixed && $fixed_line ne $fixed[$fixlinenr]) {
5320				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = $fixed_line;
5321			}
5322
5323
5324		}
5325
5326# check for whitespace before a non-naked semicolon
5327		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\S\s+;\s*$/) {
5328			if (WARN("SPACING",
5329				 "space prohibited before semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
5330			    $fix) {
5331				1 while $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5332				    s/^(\+.*\S)\s+;/$1;/;
5333			}
5334		}
5335
5336# check for multiple assignments
5337		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Lval\s*=\s*$Lval\s*=(?!=)/) {
5338			CHK("MULTIPLE_ASSIGNMENTS",
5339			    "multiple assignments should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5340		}
5341
5342## # check for multiple declarations, allowing for a function declaration
5343## # continuation.
5344## 		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Ident.*/ &&
5345## 		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident.*/) {
5346##
5347## 			# Remove any bracketed sections to ensure we do not
5348## 			# falsely report the parameters of functions.
5349## 			my $ln = $line;
5350## 			while ($ln =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g) {
5351## 			}
5352## 			if ($ln =~ /,/) {
5353## 				WARN("MULTIPLE_DECLARATION",
5354##				     "declaring multiple variables together should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5355## 			}
5356## 		}
5357
5358#need space before brace following if, while, etc
5359		if (($line =~ /\(.*\)\{/ && $line !~ /\($Type\)\{/) ||
5360		    $line =~ /\b(?:else|do)\{/) {
5361			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5362				  "space required before the open brace '{'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5363			    $fix) {
5364				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(?:do|else|\)))\{/$1 {/;
5365			}
5366		}
5367
5368## # check for blank lines before declarations
5369##		if ($line =~ /^.\t+$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=.*)?;/ &&
5370##		    $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/) {
5371##			WARN("SPACING",
5372##			     "No blank lines before declarations\n" . $hereprev);
5373##		}
5374##
5375
5376# closing brace should have a space following it when it has anything
5377# on the line
5378		if ($line =~ /}(?!(?:,|;|\)|\}))\S/) {
5379			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5380				  "space required after that close brace '}'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5381			    $fix) {
5382				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5383				    s/}((?!(?:,|;|\)))\S)/} $1/;
5384			}
5385		}
5386
5387# check spacing on square brackets
5388		if ($line =~ /\[\s/ && $line !~ /\[\s*$/) {
5389			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5390				  "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
5391			    $fix) {
5392				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5393				    s/\[\s+/\[/;
5394			}
5395		}
5396		if ($line =~ /\s\]/) {
5397			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5398				  "space prohibited before that close square bracket ']'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5399			    $fix) {
5400				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5401				    s/\s+\]/\]/;
5402			}
5403		}
5404
5405# check spacing on parentheses
5406		if ($line =~ /\(\s/ && $line !~ /\(\s*(?:\\)?$/ &&
5407		    $line !~ /for\s*\(\s+;/) {
5408			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5409				  "space prohibited after that open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5410			    $fix) {
5411				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5412				    s/\(\s+/\(/;
5413			}
5414		}
5415		if ($line =~ /(\s+)\)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\)/ &&
5416		    $line !~ /for\s*\(.*;\s+\)/ &&
5417		    $line !~ /:\s+\)/) {
5418			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5419				  "space prohibited before that close parenthesis ')'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5420			    $fix) {
5421				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5422				    s/\s+\)/\)/;
5423			}
5424		}
5425
5426# check unnecessary parentheses around addressof/dereference single $Lvals
5427# ie: &(foo->bar) should be &foo->bar and *(foo->bar) should be *foo->bar
5428
5429		while ($line =~ /(?:[^&]&\s*|\*)\(\s*($Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+)\s*\)/g) {
5430			my $var = $1;
5431			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5432				"Unnecessary parentheses around $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5433			    $fix) {
5434				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$var\E\s*\)/$var/;
5435			}
5436		}
5437
5438# check for unnecessary parentheses around function pointer uses
5439# ie: (foo->bar)(); should be foo->bar();
5440# but not "if (foo->bar) (" to avoid some false positives
5441		if ($line =~ /(\bif\s*|)(\(\s*$Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+\))[ \t]*\(/ && $1 !~ /^if/) {
5442			my $var = $2;
5443			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5444				"Unnecessary parentheses around function pointer $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5445			    $fix) {
5446				my $var2 = deparenthesize($var);
5447				$var2 =~ s/\s//g;
5448				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$var\E/$var2/;
5449			}
5450		}
5451
5452# check for unnecessary parentheses around comparisons in if uses
5453# when !drivers/staging or command-line uses --strict
5454		if (($realfile !~ m@^(?:drivers/staging/)@ || $check_orig) &&
5455		    $perl_version_ok && defined($stat) &&
5456		    $stat =~ /(^.\s*if\s*($balanced_parens))/) {
5457			my $if_stat = $1;
5458			my $test = substr($2, 1, -1);
5459			my $herectx;
5460			while ($test =~ /(?:^|[^\w\&\!\~])+\s*\(\s*([\&\!\~]?\s*$Lval\s*(?:$Compare\s*$FuncArg)?)\s*\)/g) {
5461				my $match = $1;
5462				# avoid parentheses around potential macro args
5463				next if ($match =~ /^\s*\w+\s*$/);
5464				if (!defined($herectx)) {
5465					$herectx = $here . "\n";
5466					my $cnt = statement_rawlines($if_stat);
5467					for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
5468						my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
5469						$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
5470						last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
5471					}
5472				}
5473				CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5474				    "Unnecessary parentheses around '$match'\n" . $herectx);
5475			}
5476		}
5477
5478# check that goto labels aren't indented (allow a single space indentation)
5479# and ignore bitfield definitions like foo:1
5480# Strictly, labels can have whitespace after the identifier and before the :
5481# but this is not allowed here as many ?: uses would appear to be labels
5482		if ($sline =~ /^.\s+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*:(?!\s*\d+)/ &&
5483		    $sline !~ /^. [A-Za-z\d_][A-Za-z\d_]*:/ &&
5484		    $sline !~ /^.\s+default:/) {
5485			if (WARN("INDENTED_LABEL",
5486				 "labels should not be indented\n" . $herecurr) &&
5487			    $fix) {
5488				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5489				    s/^(.)\s+/$1/;
5490			}
5491		}
5492
5493# check if a statement with a comma should be two statements like:
5494#	foo = bar(),	/* comma should be semicolon */
5495#	bar = baz();
5496		if (defined($stat) &&
5497		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*,\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*;\s*$/) {
5498			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
5499			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
5500			WARN("SUSPECT_COMMA_SEMICOLON",
5501			     "Possible comma where semicolon could be used\n" . $herectx);
5502		}
5503
5504# return is not a function
5505		if (defined($stat) && $stat =~ /^.\s*return(\s*)\(/s) {
5506			my $spacing = $1;
5507			if ($perl_version_ok &&
5508			    $stat =~ /^.\s*return\s*($balanced_parens)\s*;\s*$/) {
5509				my $value = $1;
5510				$value = deparenthesize($value);
5511				if ($value =~ m/^\s*$FuncArg\s*(?:\?|$)/) {
5512					ERROR("RETURN_PARENTHESES",
5513					      "return is not a function, parentheses are not required\n" . $herecurr);
5514				}
5515			} elsif ($spacing !~ /\s+/) {
5516				ERROR("SPACING",
5517				      "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
5518			}
5519		}
5520
5521# unnecessary return in a void function
5522# at end-of-function, with the previous line a single leading tab, then return;
5523# and the line before that not a goto label target like "out:"
5524		if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ &&
5525		    $prevline =~ /^\+\treturn\s*;\s*$/ &&
5526		    $linenr >= 3 &&
5527		    $lines[$linenr - 3] =~ /^[ +]/ &&
5528		    $lines[$linenr - 3] !~ /^[ +]\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
5529			WARN("RETURN_VOID",
5530			     "void function return statements are not generally useful\n" . $hereprev);
5531		}
5532
5533# if statements using unnecessary parentheses - ie: if ((foo == bar))
5534		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5535		    $line =~ /\bif\s*((?:\(\s*){2,})/) {
5536			my $openparens = $1;
5537			my $count = $openparens =~ tr@\(@\(@;
5538			my $msg = "";
5539			if ($line =~ /\bif\s*(?:\(\s*){$count,$count}$LvalOrFunc\s*($Compare)\s*$LvalOrFunc(?:\s*\)){$count,$count}/) {
5540				my $comp = $4;	#Not $1 because of $LvalOrFunc
5541				$msg = " - maybe == should be = ?" if ($comp eq "==");
5542				WARN("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5543				     "Unnecessary parentheses$msg\n" . $herecurr);
5544			}
5545		}
5546
5547# comparisons with a constant or upper case identifier on the left
5548#	avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz"
5549#	only fix matches surrounded by parentheses to avoid incorrect
5550#	conversions like "FOO < baz() + 5" being "misfixed" to "baz() > FOO + 5"
5551		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5552		    $line =~ /^\+(.*)\b($Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)\s*($Compare)\s*($LvalOrFunc)/) {
5553			my $lead = $1;
5554			my $const = $2;
5555			my $comp = $3;
5556			my $to = $4;
5557			my $newcomp = $comp;
5558			if ($lead !~ /(?:$Operators|\.)\s*$/ &&
5559			    $to !~ /^(?:Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)$/ &&
5560			    WARN("CONSTANT_COMPARISON",
5561				 "Comparisons should place the constant on the right side of the test\n" . $herecurr) &&
5562			    $fix) {
5563				if ($comp eq "<") {
5564					$newcomp = ">";
5565				} elsif ($comp eq "<=") {
5566					$newcomp = ">=";
5567				} elsif ($comp eq ">") {
5568					$newcomp = "<";
5569				} elsif ($comp eq ">=") {
5570					$newcomp = "<=";
5571				}
5572				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$const\E\s*$Compare\s*\Q$to\E\s*\)/($to $newcomp $const)/;
5573			}
5574		}
5575
5576# Return of what appears to be an errno should normally be negative
5577		if ($sline =~ /\breturn(?:\s*\(+\s*|\s+)(E[A-Z]+)(?:\s*\)+\s*|\s*)[;:,]/) {
5578			my $name = $1;
5579			if ($name ne 'EOF' && $name ne 'ERROR' && $name !~ /^EPOLL/) {
5580				WARN("USE_NEGATIVE_ERRNO",
5581				     "return of an errno should typically be negative (ie: return -$1)\n" . $herecurr);
5582			}
5583		}
5584
5585# Need a space before open parenthesis after if, while etc
5586		if ($line =~ /\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/) {
5587			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5588				  "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5589			    $fix) {
5590				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5591				    s/\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/$1 \(/;
5592			}
5593		}
5594
5595# Check for illegal assignment in if conditional -- and check for trailing
5596# statements after the conditional.
5597		if ($line =~ /do\s*(?!{)/) {
5598			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
5599				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
5600					if (!defined $stat);
5601			my ($stat_next) = ctx_statement_block($line_nr_next,
5602						$remain_next, $off_next);
5603			$stat_next =~ s/\n./\n /g;
5604			##print "stat<$stat> stat_next<$stat_next>\n";
5605
5606			if ($stat_next =~ /^\s*while\b/) {
5607				# If the statement carries leading newlines,
5608				# then count those as offsets.
5609				my ($whitespace) =
5610					($stat_next =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
5611				my $offset =
5612					statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
5613
5614				$suppress_whiletrailers{$line_nr_next +
5615								$offset} = 1;
5616			}
5617		}
5618		if (!defined $suppress_whiletrailers{$linenr} &&
5619		    defined($stat) && defined($cond) &&
5620		    $line =~ /\b(?:if|while|for)\s*\(/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/) {
5621			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
5622			my $fixed_assign_in_if = 0;
5623
5624			if ($c =~ /\bif\s*\(.*[^<>!=]=[^=].*/s) {
5625				if (ERROR("ASSIGN_IN_IF",
5626					  "do not use assignment in if condition\n" . $herecurr) &&
5627				    $fix && $perl_version_ok) {
5628					if ($rawline =~ /^\+(\s+)if\s*\(\s*(\!)?\s*\(\s*(($Lval)\s*=\s*$LvalOrFunc)\s*\)\s*(?:($Compare)\s*($FuncArg))?\s*\)\s*(\{)?\s*$/) {
5629						my $space = $1;
5630						my $not = $2;
5631						my $statement = $3;
5632						my $assigned = $4;
5633						my $test = $8;
5634						my $against = $9;
5635						my $brace = $15;
5636						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5637						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "$space$statement;");
5638						my $newline = "${space}if (";
5639						$newline .= '!' if defined($not);
5640						$newline .= '(' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5641						$newline .= "$assigned";
5642						$newline .= " $test $against" if (defined($test) && defined($against));
5643						$newline .= ')' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5644						$newline .= ')';
5645						$newline .= " {" if (defined($brace));
5646						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, $newline);
5647						$fixed_assign_in_if = 1;
5648					}
5649				}
5650			}
5651
5652			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5653			# conditional.
5654			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5655			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5656			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5657			if (length($c) && $s !~ /^\s*{?\s*\\*\s*$/ &&
5658			    $c !~ /}\s*while\s*/)
5659			{
5660				# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
5661				my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
5662				my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
5663				my $stat_real = '';
5664
5665				$stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines)
5666							. "\n" if ($cond_lines);
5667				if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
5668					$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
5669				}
5670
5671				if (ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5672					  "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr . $stat_real) &&
5673				    !$fixed_assign_in_if &&
5674				    $cond_lines == 0 &&
5675				    $fix && $perl_version_ok &&
5676				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ /^\+(\s*)((?:if|while|for)\s*$balanced_parens)\s*(.*)$/) {
5677					my $indent = $1;
5678					my $test = $2;
5679					my $rest = rtrim($4);
5680					if ($rest =~ /;$/) {
5681						$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+$indent$test";
5682						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, "$indent\t$rest");
5683					}
5684				}
5685			}
5686		}
5687
5688# Check for bitwise tests written as boolean
5689		if ($line =~ /
5690			(?:
5691				(?:\[|\(|\&\&|\|\|)
5692				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5693				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5694			|
5695				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5696				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5697				(?:\&\&|\|\||\)|\])
5698			)/x)
5699		{
5700			WARN("HEXADECIMAL_BOOLEAN_TEST",
5701			     "boolean test with hexadecimal, perhaps just 1 \& or \|?\n" . $herecurr);
5702		}
5703
5704# if and else should not have general statements after it
5705		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:}\s*)?else\b(.*)/) {
5706			my $s = $1;
5707			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5708			if ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\sif|(?:{|)\s*\\?\s*$)/) {
5709				ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5710				      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5711			}
5712		}
5713# if should not continue a brace
5714		if ($line =~ /}\s*if\b/) {
5715			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5716			      "trailing statements should be on next line (or did you mean 'else if'?)\n" .
5717				$herecurr);
5718		}
5719# case and default should not have general statements after them
5720		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:case\s*.*|default\s*):/g &&
5721		    $line !~ /\G(?:
5722			(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*{)?(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*\\)?\s*$|
5723			\s*return\s+
5724		    )/xg)
5725		{
5726			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5727			      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5728		}
5729
5730		# Check for }<nl>else {, these must be at the same
5731		# indent level to be relevant to each other.
5732		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*else\s*/ &&
5733		    $previndent == $indent) {
5734			if (ERROR("ELSE_AFTER_BRACE",
5735				  "else should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5736			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5737				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5738				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5739				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5740				$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$//;
5741				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
5742					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5743				}
5744				$fixedline = $rawline;
5745				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)else/$1} else/;
5746				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5747			}
5748		}
5749
5750		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*while\s*/ &&
5751		    $previndent == $indent) {
5752			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5753
5754			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5755			# conditional.
5756			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5757			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5758
5759			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
5760				if (ERROR("WHILE_AFTER_BRACE",
5761					  "while should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5762				    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5763					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5764					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5765					my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5766					my $trailing = $rawline;
5767					$trailing =~ s/^\+//;
5768					$trailing = trim($trailing);
5769					$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$/} $trailing/;
5770					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5771				}
5772			}
5773		}
5774
5775#Specific variable tests
5776		while ($line =~ m{($Constant|$Lval)}g) {
5777			my $var = $1;
5778
5779#CamelCase
5780			if ($var !~ /^$Constant$/ &&
5781			    $var =~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/ &&
5782#Ignore some autogenerated defines and enum values
5783			    $var !~ /^(?:[A-Z]+_){1,5}[A-Z]{1,3}[a-z]/ &&
5784#Ignore Page<foo> variants
5785			    $var !~ /^(?:Clear|Set|TestClear|TestSet|)Page[A-Z]/ &&
 
 
5786#Ignore SI style variants like nS, mV and dB
5787#(ie: max_uV, regulator_min_uA_show, RANGE_mA_VALUE)
5788			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z0-9_]*|[A-Z0-9_]*)?_?[a-z][A-Z](?:_[a-z0-9_]+|_[A-Z0-9_]+)?$/ &&
5789#Ignore some three character SI units explicitly, like MiB and KHz
5790			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z_]*?)_?(?:[KMGT]iB|[KMGT]?Hz)(?:_[a-z_]+)?$/) {
5791				while ($var =~ m{\b($Ident)}g) {
5792					my $word = $1;
5793					next if ($word !~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/);
5794					if ($check) {
5795						seed_camelcase_includes();
5796						if (!$file && !$camelcase_file_seeded) {
5797							seed_camelcase_file($realfile);
5798							$camelcase_file_seeded = 1;
5799						}
5800					}
5801					if (!defined $camelcase{$word}) {
5802						$camelcase{$word} = 1;
5803						CHK("CAMELCASE",
5804						    "Avoid CamelCase: <$word>\n" . $herecurr);
5805					}
5806				}
5807			}
5808		}
5809
5810#no spaces allowed after \ in define
5811		if ($line =~ /\#\s*define.*\\\s+$/) {
5812			if (WARN("WHITESPACE_AFTER_LINE_CONTINUATION",
5813				 "Whitespace after \\ makes next lines useless\n" . $herecurr) &&
5814			    $fix) {
5815				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
5816			}
5817		}
5818
5819# warn if <asm/foo.h> is #included and <linux/foo.h> is available and includes
5820# itself <asm/foo.h> (uses RAW line)
5821		if ($tree && $rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s*\<asm\/(.*)\.h\>}) {
5822			my $file = "$1.h";
5823			my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file";
5824			if (-f "$root/$checkfile" &&
5825			    $realfile ne $checkfile &&
5826			    $1 !~ /$allowed_asm_includes/)
5827			{
5828				my $asminclude = `grep -Ec "#include\\s+<asm/$file>" $root/$checkfile`;
5829				if ($asminclude > 0) {
5830					if ($realfile =~ m{^arch/}) {
5831						CHK("ARCH_INCLUDE_LINUX",
5832						    "Consider using #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5833					} else {
5834						WARN("INCLUDE_LINUX",
5835						     "Use #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5836					}
5837				}
5838			}
5839		}
5840
5841# multi-statement macros should be enclosed in a do while loop, grab the
5842# first statement and ensure its the whole macro if its not enclosed
5843# in a known good container
5844		if ($realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
5845		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$Ident(\()?/) {
5846			my $ln = $linenr;
5847			my $cnt = $realcnt;
5848			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
5849			my $ctx = '';
5850			my $has_flow_statement = 0;
5851			my $has_arg_concat = 0;
5852			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
5853				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5854			$ctx = $dstat;
5855			#print "dstat<$dstat> dcond<$dcond> cnt<$cnt> off<$off>\n";
5856			#print "LINE<$lines[$ln-1]> len<" . length($lines[$ln-1]) . "\n";
5857
5858			$has_flow_statement = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\b(goto|return)\b/);
5859			$has_arg_concat = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\#\#/ && $ctx !~ /\#\#\s*(?:__VA_ARGS__|args)\b/);
5860
5861			$dstat =~ s/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\([^\)]*\))?\s*//;
5862			my $define_args = $1;
5863			my $define_stmt = $dstat;
5864			my @def_args = ();
5865
5866			if (defined $define_args && $define_args ne "") {
5867				$define_args = substr($define_args, 1, length($define_args) - 2);
5868				$define_args =~ s/\s*//g;
5869				$define_args =~ s/\\\+?//g;
5870				@def_args = split(",", $define_args);
5871			}
5872
5873			$dstat =~ s/$;//g;
5874			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
5875			$dstat =~ s/^\s*//s;
5876			$dstat =~ s/\s*$//s;
5877
5878			# Flatten any parentheses and braces
5879			while ($dstat =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)/1u/ ||
5880			       $dstat =~ s/\{[^\{\}]*\}/1u/ ||
5881			       $dstat =~ s/.\[[^\[\]]*\]/1u/)
5882			{
5883			}
5884
5885			# Flatten any obvious string concatenation.
5886			while ($dstat =~ s/($String)\s*$Ident/$1/ ||
5887			       $dstat =~ s/$Ident\s*($String)/$1/)
5888			{
5889			}
5890
5891			# Make asm volatile uses seem like a generic function
5892			$dstat =~ s/\b_*asm_*\s+_*volatile_*\b/asm_volatile/g;
5893
5894			my $exceptions = qr{
5895				$Declare|
5896				module_param_named|
5897				MODULE_PARM_DESC|
5898				DECLARE_PER_CPU|
5899				DEFINE_PER_CPU|
5900				__typeof__\(|
5901				union|
5902				struct|
5903				\.$Ident\s*=\s*|
5904				^\"|\"$|
5905				^\[
5906			}x;
5907			#print "REST<$rest> dstat<$dstat> ctx<$ctx>\n";
5908
5909			$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
5910			my $stmt_cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
5911			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $stmt_cnt, $here);
5912
5913			if ($dstat ne '' &&
5914			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant),$/ &&			# 10, // foo(),
5915			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant);$/ &&			# foo();
5916			    $dstat !~ /^[!~-]?(?:$Lval|$Constant)$/ &&		# 10 // foo() // !foo // ~foo // -foo // foo->bar // foo.bar->baz
5917			    $dstat !~ /^'X'$/ && $dstat !~ /^'XX'$/ &&			# character constants
5918			    $dstat !~ /$exceptions/ &&
5919			    $dstat !~ /^\.$Ident\s*=/ &&				# .foo =
5920			    $dstat !~ /^(?:\#\s*$Ident|\#\s*$Constant)\s*$/ &&		# stringification #foo
5921			    $dstat !~ /^case\b/ &&					# case ...
5922			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*$Constant\s*while\s*$Constant;?$/ &&	# do {...} while (...); // do {...} while (...)
5923			    $dstat !~ /^while\s*$Constant\s*$Constant\s*$/ &&		# while (...) {...}
5924			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant$/ &&				# for (...)
5925			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)$/ &&	# for (...) bar()
5926			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*{/ &&					# do {...
5927			    $dstat !~ /^\(\{/ &&						# ({...
5928			    $ctx !~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s+TRACE_(?:SYSTEM|INCLUDE_FILE|INCLUDE_PATH)\b/)
5929			{
5930				if ($dstat =~ /^\s*if\b/) {
5931					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
5932					      "Macros starting with if should be enclosed by a do - while loop to avoid possible if/else logic defects\n" . "$herectx");
5933				} elsif ($dstat =~ /;/) {
5934					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
5935					      "Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while loop\n" . "$herectx");
5936				} else {
5937					ERROR("COMPLEX_MACRO",
5938					      "Macros with complex values should be enclosed in parentheses\n" . "$herectx");
5939				}
5940
5941			}
5942
5943			# Make $define_stmt single line, comment-free, etc
5944			my @stmt_array = split('\n', $define_stmt);
5945			my $first = 1;
5946			$define_stmt = "";
5947			foreach my $l (@stmt_array) {
5948				$l =~ s/\\$//;
5949				if ($first) {
5950					$define_stmt = $l;
5951					$first = 0;
5952				} elsif ($l =~ /^[\+ ]/) {
5953					$define_stmt .= substr($l, 1);
5954				}
5955			}
5956			$define_stmt =~ s/$;//g;
5957			$define_stmt =~ s/\s+/ /g;
5958			$define_stmt = trim($define_stmt);
5959
5960# check if any macro arguments are reused (ignore '...' and 'type')
5961			foreach my $arg (@def_args) {
5962			        next if ($arg =~ /\.\.\./);
5963			        next if ($arg =~ /^type$/i);
5964				my $tmp_stmt = $define_stmt;
5965				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b(__must_be_array|offsetof|sizeof|sizeof_field|__stringify|typeof|__typeof__|__builtin\w+|typecheck\s*\(\s*$Type\s*,|\#+)\s*\(*\s*$arg\s*\)*\b//g;
5966				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\#+\s*$arg\b//g;
5967				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b$arg\s*\#\#//g;
5968				my $use_cnt = () = $tmp_stmt =~ /\b$arg\b/g;
5969				if ($use_cnt > 1) {
5970					CHK("MACRO_ARG_REUSE",
5971					    "Macro argument reuse '$arg' - possible side-effects?\n" . "$herectx");
5972				    }
5973# check if any macro arguments may have other precedence issues
5974				if ($tmp_stmt =~ m/($Operators)?\s*\b$arg\b\s*($Operators)?/m &&
5975				    ((defined($1) && $1 ne ',') ||
5976				     (defined($2) && $2 ne ','))) {
5977					CHK("MACRO_ARG_PRECEDENCE",
5978					    "Macro argument '$arg' may be better as '($arg)' to avoid precedence issues\n" . "$herectx");
5979				}
5980			}
5981
5982# check for macros with flow control, but without ## concatenation
5983# ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those
5984			if ($has_flow_statement && !$has_arg_concat) {
5985				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
5986				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
5987
5988				WARN("MACRO_WITH_FLOW_CONTROL",
5989				     "Macros with flow control statements should be avoided\n" . "$herectx");
5990			}
5991
5992# check for line continuations outside of #defines, preprocessor #, and asm
5993
 
 
 
5994		} else {
5995			if ($prevline !~ /^..*\\$/ &&
5996			    $line !~ /^\+\s*\#.*\\$/ &&		# preprocessor
5997			    $line !~ /^\+.*\b(__asm__|asm)\b.*\\$/ &&	# asm
5998			    $line =~ /^\+.*\\$/) {
5999				WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6000				     "Avoid unnecessary line continuations\n" . $herecurr);
6001			}
6002		}
6003
6004# do {} while (0) macro tests:
6005# single-statement macros do not need to be enclosed in do while (0) loop,
6006# macro should not end with a semicolon
6007		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6008		    $realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
6009		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\()?/) {
6010			my $ln = $linenr;
6011			my $cnt = $realcnt;
6012			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
6013			my $ctx = '';
6014			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
6015				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
6016			$ctx = $dstat;
6017
6018			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
6019			$dstat =~ s/$;/ /g;
6020
6021			if ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident\s*${balanced_parens}\s*do\s*{(.*)\s*}\s*while\s*\(\s*0\s*\)\s*([;\s]*)\s*$/) {
6022				my $stmts = $2;
6023				my $semis = $3;
6024
6025				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6026				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6027				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6028
6029				if (($stmts =~ tr/;/;/) == 1 &&
6030				    $stmts !~ /^\s*(if|while|for|switch)\b/) {
6031					WARN("SINGLE_STATEMENT_DO_WHILE_MACRO",
6032					     "Single statement macros should not use a do {} while (0) loop\n" . "$herectx");
6033				}
6034				if (defined $semis && $semis ne "") {
6035					WARN("DO_WHILE_MACRO_WITH_TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6036					     "do {} while (0) macros should not be semicolon terminated\n" . "$herectx");
6037				}
6038			} elsif ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident.*;\s*$/) {
6039				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6040				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6041				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6042
6043				WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6044				     "macros should not use a trailing semicolon\n" . "$herectx");
6045			}
6046		}
6047
6048# check for redundant bracing round if etc
6049		if ($line =~ /(^.*)\bif\b/ && $1 !~ /else\s*$/) {
6050			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6051				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1);
6052			#print "chunks<$#chunks> linenr<$linenr> endln<$endln> level<$level>\n";
6053			#print "APW: <<$chunks[1][0]>><<$chunks[1][1]>>\n";
6054			if ($#chunks > 0 && $level == 0) {
6055				my @allowed = ();
6056				my $allow = 0;
6057				my $seen = 0;
6058				my $herectx = $here . "\n";
6059				my $ln = $linenr - 1;
6060				for my $chunk (@chunks) {
6061					my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunk};
6062
6063					# If the condition carries leading newlines, then count those as offsets.
6064					my ($whitespace) = ($cond =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
6065					my $offset = statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
6066
6067					$allowed[$allow] = 0;
6068					#print "COND<$cond> whitespace<$whitespace> offset<$offset>\n";
6069
6070					# We have looked at and allowed this specific line.
6071					$suppress_ifbraces{$ln + $offset} = 1;
6072
6073					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$ln + $offset]\n[...]\n";
6074					$ln += statement_rawlines($block) - 1;
6075
6076					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6077
6078					$seen++ if ($block =~ /^\s*{/);
6079
6080					#print "cond<$cond> block<$block> allowed<$allowed[$allow]>\n";
6081					if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6082						#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6083						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6084					}
6085					if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6086						#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6087						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6088					}
6089					if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6090						#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6091						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6092					}
6093					$allow++;
6094				}
6095				if ($seen) {
6096					my $sum_allowed = 0;
6097					foreach (@allowed) {
6098						$sum_allowed += $_;
6099					}
6100					if ($sum_allowed == 0) {
6101						WARN("BRACES",
6102						     "braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6103					} elsif ($sum_allowed != $allow &&
6104						 $seen != $allow) {
6105						CHK("BRACES",
6106						    "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6107					}
6108				}
6109			}
6110		}
6111		if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} &&
6112					$line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) {
6113			my $allowed = 0;
6114
6115			# Check the pre-context.
6116			if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) {
6117				#print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n";
6118				$allowed = 1;
6119			}
6120
6121			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6122				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]);
6123
6124			# Check the condition.
6125			my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]};
6126			#print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n";
6127			if (defined $cond) {
6128				substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6129			}
6130			if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6131				#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6132				$allowed = 1;
6133			}
6134			if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6135				#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6136				$allowed = 1;
6137			}
6138			if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6139				#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6140				$allowed = 1;
6141			}
6142			# Check the post-context.
6143			if (defined $chunks[1]) {
6144				my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]};
6145				if (defined $cond) {
6146					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6147				}
6148				if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) {
6149					#print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n";
6150					$allowed = 1;
6151				}
6152			}
6153			if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) {
6154				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block);
6155				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6156
6157				WARN("BRACES",
6158				     "braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx);
6159			}
6160		}
6161
6162# check for single line unbalanced braces
6163		if ($sline =~ /^.\s*\}\s*else\s*$/ ||
6164		    $sline =~ /^.\s*else\s*\{\s*$/) {
6165			CHK("BRACES", "Unbalanced braces around else statement\n" . $herecurr);
6166		}
6167
6168# check for unnecessary blank lines around braces
6169		if (($line =~ /^.\s*}\s*$/ && $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/)) {
6170			if (CHK("BRACES",
6171				"Blank lines aren't necessary before a close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6172			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
6173				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6174			}
6175		}
6176		if (($rawline =~ /^.\s*$/ && $prevline =~ /^..*{\s*$/)) {
6177			if (CHK("BRACES",
6178				"Blank lines aren't necessary after an open brace '{'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6179			    $fix) {
6180				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6181			}
6182		}
6183
6184# no volatiles please
6185		my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b};
6186		if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) {
6187			WARN("VOLATILE",
6188			     "Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6189		}
6190
6191# Check for user-visible strings broken across lines, which breaks the ability
6192# to grep for the string.  Make exceptions when the previous string ends in a
6193# newline (multiple lines in one string constant) or '\t', '\r', ';', or '{'
6194# (common in inline assembly) or is a octal \123 or hexadecimal \xaf value
6195		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String/ &&
6196		    $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ &&
6197		    $prevrawline !~ /(?:\\(?:[ntr]|[0-7]{1,3}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})|;\s*|\{\s*)"\s*$/) {
6198			if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING",
6199				 "quoted string split across lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
6200				     $fix &&
6201				     $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*"\s*$/ &&
6202				     $last_coalesced_string_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
6203				my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6204				my $comma_close = "";
6205				if ($rawline =~ /\Q$extracted_string\E(\s*\)\s*;\s*$|\s*,\s*)/) {
6206					$comma_close = $1;
6207				}
6208
6209				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6210				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6211				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
6212				$fixedline =~ s/"\s*$//;
6213				$fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . trim($comma_close);
6214				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr - 1, $fixedline);
6215				$fixedline = $rawline;
6216				$fixedline =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\Q$comma_close\E//;
6217				if ($fixedline !~ /\+\s*$/) {
6218					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
6219				}
6220				$last_coalesced_string_linenr = $linenr;
6221			}
6222		}
6223
6224# check for missing a space in a string concatenation
6225		if ($prevrawline =~ /[^\\]\w"$/ && $rawline =~ /^\+[\t ]+"\w/) {
6226			WARN('MISSING_SPACE',
6227			     "break quoted strings at a space character\n" . $hereprev);
6228		}
6229
6230# check for an embedded function name in a string when the function is known
6231# This does not work very well for -f --file checking as it depends on patch
6232# context providing the function name or a single line form for in-file
6233# function declarations
6234		if ($line =~ /^\+.*$String/ &&
6235		    defined($context_function) &&
6236		    get_quoted_string($line, $rawline) =~ /\b$context_function\b/ &&
6237		    length(get_quoted_string($line, $rawline)) != (length($context_function) + 2)) {
6238			WARN("EMBEDDED_FUNCTION_NAME",
6239			     "Prefer using '\"%s...\", __func__' to using '$context_function', this function's name, in a string\n" . $herecurr);
6240		}
6241
6242# check for unnecessary function tracing like uses
6243# This does not use $logFunctions because there are many instances like
6244# 'dprintk(FOO, "%s()\n", __func__);' which do not match $logFunctions
6245		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\([^"]*"$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}%s(?:\s*\(\s*\)\s*)?$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}(?:\\n)?"\s*,\s*__func__\s*\)\s*;/) {
6246			if (WARN("TRACING_LOGGING",
6247				 "Unnecessary ftrace-like logging - prefer using ftrace\n" . $herecurr) &&
6248			    $fix) {
6249                                fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6250			}
6251		}
6252
6253# check for spaces before a quoted newline
6254		if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) {
6255			if (WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE",
6256				 "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
6257			    $fix) {
6258				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*\".*)\s+\\n/$1\\n/;
6259			}
6260
6261		}
6262
6263# concatenated string without spaces between elements
6264		if ($line =~ /$String[A-Z_]/ ||
6265		    ($line =~ /([A-Za-z0-9_]+)$String/ && $1 !~ /^[Lu]$/)) {
6266			if (CHK("CONCATENATED_STRING",
6267				"Concatenated strings should use spaces between elements\n" . $herecurr) &&
6268			    $fix) {
6269				while ($line =~ /($String)/g) {
6270					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6271					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E([A-Za-z0-9_])/$extracted_string $1/;
6272					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/([A-Za-z0-9_])\Q$extracted_string\E/$1 $extracted_string/;
6273				}
6274			}
6275		}
6276
6277# uncoalesced string fragments
6278		if ($line =~ /$String\s*[Lu]?"/) {
6279			if (WARN("STRING_FRAGMENTS",
6280				 "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . $herecurr) &&
6281			    $fix) {
6282				while ($line =~ /($String)(?=\s*")/g) {
6283					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6284					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\s*"/substr($extracted_string, 0, -1)/e;
6285				}
6286			}
6287		}
6288
6289# check for non-standard and hex prefixed decimal printf formats
6290		my $show_L = 1;	#don't show the same defect twice
6291		my $show_Z = 1;
6292		while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) {
6293			my $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]);
6294			$string =~ s/%%/__/g;
6295			# check for %L
6296			if ($show_L && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*L([diouxX])/) {
6297				WARN("PRINTF_L",
6298				     "\%L$1 is non-standard C, use %ll$1\n" . $herecurr);
6299				$show_L = 0;
6300			}
6301			# check for %Z
6302			if ($show_Z && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*Z([diouxX])/) {
6303				WARN("PRINTF_Z",
6304				     "%Z$1 is non-standard C, use %z$1\n" . $herecurr);
6305				$show_Z = 0;
6306			}
6307			# check for 0x<decimal>
6308			if ($string =~ /0x%[\*\d\.\$\Llzth]*[diou]/) {
6309				ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL",
6310				      "Prefixing 0x with decimal output is defective\n" . $herecurr);
6311			}
6312		}
6313
6314# check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of "
6315		if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $sline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) {
6316			WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6317			     "Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr);
6318		}
6319
6320# warn about #if 0
6321		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) {
6322			WARN("IF_0",
6323			     "Consider removing the code enclosed by this #if 0 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6324		}
6325
6326# warn about #if 1
6327		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+1\b/) {
6328			WARN("IF_1",
6329			     "Consider removing the #if 1 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6330		}
6331
6332# check for needless "if (<foo>) fn(<foo>)" uses
6333		if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)/) {
6334			my $tested = quotemeta($1);
6335			my $expr = '\s*\(\s*' . $tested . '\s*\)\s*;';
6336			if ($line =~ /\b(kfree|usb_free_urb|debugfs_remove(?:_recursive)?|(?:kmem_cache|mempool|dma_pool)_destroy)$expr/) {
6337				my $func = $1;
6338				if (WARN('NEEDLESS_IF',
6339					 "$func(NULL) is safe and this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev) &&
6340				    $fix) {
6341					my $do_fix = 1;
6342					my $leading_tabs = "";
6343					my $new_leading_tabs = "";
6344					if ($lines[$linenr - 2] =~ /^\+(\t*)if\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*$/) {
6345						$leading_tabs = $1;
6346					} else {
6347						$do_fix = 0;
6348					}
6349					if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6350						$new_leading_tabs = $1;
6351						if (length($leading_tabs) + 1 ne length($new_leading_tabs)) {
6352							$do_fix = 0;
6353						}
6354					} else {
6355						$do_fix = 0;
6356					}
6357					if ($do_fix) {
6358						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6359						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+$new_leading_tabs/\+$leading_tabs/;
6360					}
6361				}
6362			}
6363		}
6364
6365# check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages
6366		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6367		    $prevline =~ /^[ \+]\s*if\s*\(\s*(\!\s*|NULL\s*==\s*)?($Lval)(\s*==\s*NULL\s*)?\s*\)/ &&
6368		    (defined $1 || defined $3) &&
6369		    $linenr > 3) {
6370			my $testval = $2;
6371			my $testline = $lines[$linenr - 3];
6372
6373			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0);
6374#			print("line: <$line>\nprevline: <$prevline>\ns: <$s>\nc: <$c>\n\n\n");
6375
6376			if ($s =~ /(?:^|\n)[ \+]\s*(?:$Type\s*)?\Q$testval\E\s*=\s*(?:\([^\)]*\)\s*)?\s*$allocFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6377			    $s !~ /\b__GFP_NOWARN\b/ ) {
6378				WARN("OOM_MESSAGE",
6379				     "Possible unnecessary 'out of memory' message\n" . $hereprev);
6380			}
6381		}
6382
6383# check for logging functions with KERN_<LEVEL>
6384		if ($line !~ /printk(?:_ratelimited|_once)?\s*\(/ &&
6385		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(.*\b(KERN_[A-Z]+)\b/) {
6386			my $level = $1;
6387			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_KERN_LEVEL",
6388				 "Possible unnecessary $level\n" . $herecurr) &&
6389			    $fix) {
6390				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s*$level\s*//;
6391			}
6392		}
6393
6394# check for logging continuations
6395		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_CONT\b|\bpr_cont\s*\(/) {
6396			WARN("LOGGING_CONTINUATION",
6397			     "Avoid logging continuation uses where feasible\n" . $herecurr);
6398		}
6399
6400# check for unnecessary use of %h[xudi] and %hh[xudi] in logging functions
6401		if (defined $stat &&
6402		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6403		    index($stat, '"') >= 0) {
6404			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6405			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6406			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6407			pos($stat_real) = index($stat_real, '"');
6408			while ($stat_real =~ /[^\"%]*(%[\#\d\.\*\-]*(h+)[idux])/g) {
6409				my $pspec = $1;
6410				my $h = $2;
6411				my $lineoff = substr($stat_real, 0, $-[1]) =~ tr@\n@@;
6412				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_MODIFIER",
6413					 "Integer promotion: Using '$h' in '$pspec' is unnecessary\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n") &&
6414				    $fix && $fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ /^\+/) {
6415					my $nspec = $pspec;
6416					$nspec =~ s/h//g;
6417					$fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ s/\Q$pspec\E/$nspec/;
6418				}
6419			}
6420		}
6421
6422# check for mask then right shift without a parentheses
6423		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6424		    $line =~ /$LvalOrFunc\s*\&\s*($LvalOrFunc)\s*>>/ &&
6425		    $4 !~ /^\&/) { # $LvalOrFunc may be &foo, ignore if so
6426			WARN("MASK_THEN_SHIFT",
6427			     "Possible precedence defect with mask then right shift - may need parentheses\n" . $herecurr);
6428		}
6429
6430# check for pointer comparisons to NULL
6431		if ($perl_version_ok) {
6432			while ($line =~ /\b$LvalOrFunc\s*(==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/g) {
6433				my $val = $1;
6434				my $equal = "!";
6435				$equal = "" if ($4 eq "!=");
6436				if (CHK("COMPARISON_TO_NULL",
6437					"Comparison to NULL could be written \"${equal}${val}\"\n" . $herecurr) &&
6438					    $fix) {
6439					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$val\E\s*(?:==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/$equal$val/;
6440				}
6441			}
6442		}
6443
6444# check for bad placement of section $InitAttribute (e.g.: __initdata)
6445		if ($line =~ /(\b$InitAttribute\b)/) {
6446			my $attr = $1;
6447			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*static\s+(?:const\s+)?(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*[=;]/) {
6448				my $ptr = $1;
6449				my $var = $2;
6450				if ((($ptr =~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6451				      ERROR("MISPLACED_INIT",
6452					    "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr)) ||
6453				     ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6454				      WARN("MISPLACED_INIT",
6455					   "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr))) &&
6456				    $fix) {
6457					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s+(?:const\s+)?)(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*([=;])\s*/"$1" . trim(string_find_replace($2, "\\s*$attr\\s*", " ")) . " " . trim(string_find_replace($3, "\\s*$attr\\s*", "")) . " $attr" . ("$4" eq ";" ? ";" : " = ")/e;
6458				}
6459			}
6460		}
6461
6462# check for $InitAttributeData (ie: __initdata) with const
6463		if ($line =~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeData)/) {
6464			my $attr = $1;
6465			$attr =~ /($InitAttributePrefix)(.*)/;
6466			my $attr_prefix = $1;
6467			my $attr_type = $2;
6468			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6469				  "Use of const init definition must use ${attr_prefix}initconst\n" . $herecurr) &&
6470			    $fix) {
6471				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6472				    s/$InitAttributeData/${attr_prefix}initconst/;
6473			}
6474		}
6475
6476# check for $InitAttributeConst (ie: __initconst) without const
6477		if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeConst)/) {
6478			my $attr = $1;
6479			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6480				  "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . $herecurr) &&
6481			    $fix) {
6482				my $lead = $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6483				    /(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/;
6484				$lead = rtrim($1);
6485				$lead = "$lead " if ($lead !~ /^\+$/);
6486				$lead = "${lead}const ";
6487				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/$lead/;
6488			}
6489		}
6490
6491# check for __read_mostly with const non-pointer (should just be const)
6492		if ($line =~ /\b__read_mostly\b/ &&
6493		    $line =~ /($Type)\s*$Ident/ && $1 !~ /\*\s*$/ && $1 =~ /\bconst\b/) {
6494			if (ERROR("CONST_READ_MOSTLY",
6495				  "Invalid use of __read_mostly with const type\n" . $herecurr) &&
6496			    $fix) {
6497				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+__read_mostly\b//;
6498			}
6499		}
6500
6501# don't use __constant_<foo> functions outside of include/uapi/
6502		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
6503		    $line =~ /(__constant_(?:htons|ntohs|[bl]e(?:16|32|64)_to_cpu|cpu_to_[bl]e(?:16|32|64)))\s*\(/) {
6504			my $constant_func = $1;
6505			my $func = $constant_func;
6506			$func =~ s/^__constant_//;
6507			if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION",
6508				 "$constant_func should be $func\n" . $herecurr) &&
6509			    $fix) {
6510				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g;
6511			}
6512		}
6513
6514# prefer usleep_range over udelay
6515		if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/) {
6516			my $delay = $1;
6517			# ignore udelay's < 10, however
6518			if (! ($delay < 10) ) {
6519				CHK("USLEEP_RANGE",
6520				    "usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6521			}
6522			if ($delay > 2000) {
6523				WARN("LONG_UDELAY",
6524				     "long udelay - prefer mdelay; see arch/arm/include/asm/delay.h\n" . $herecurr);
6525			}
6526		}
6527
6528# warn about unexpectedly long msleep's
6529		if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) {
6530			if ($1 < 20) {
6531				WARN("MSLEEP",
6532				     "msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6533			}
6534		}
6535
6536# check for comparisons of jiffies
6537		if ($line =~ /\bjiffies\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*jiffies\b/) {
6538			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6539			     "Comparing jiffies is almost always wrong; prefer time_after, time_before and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6540		}
6541
6542# check for comparisons of get_jiffies_64()
6543		if ($line =~ /\bget_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*get_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)/) {
6544			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6545			     "Comparing get_jiffies_64() is almost always wrong; prefer time_after64, time_before64 and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6546		}
6547
6548# warn about #ifdefs in C files
6549#		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {
6550#			print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";
6551#			print "$herecurr";
6552#			$clean = 0;
6553#		}
6554
6555# warn about spacing in #ifdefs
6556		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) {
6557			if (ERROR("SPACING",
6558				  "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6559			    $fix) {
6560				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6561				    s/^(.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif))\s{2,}/$1 /;
6562			}
6563
6564		}
6565
6566# check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment.
6567		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ ||
6568		    $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
6569			my $which = $1;
6570			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6571				CHK("UNCOMMENTED_DEFINITION",
6572				    "$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6573			}
6574		}
6575# check for memory barriers without a comment.
6576
6577		my $barriers = qr{
6578			mb|
6579			rmb|
6580			wmb
6581		}x;
6582		my $barrier_stems = qr{
6583			mb__before_atomic|
6584			mb__after_atomic|
6585			store_release|
6586			load_acquire|
6587			store_mb|
6588			(?:$barriers)
6589		}x;
6590		my $all_barriers = qr{
6591			(?:$barriers)|
6592			smp_(?:$barrier_stems)|
6593			virt_(?:$barrier_stems)
6594		}x;
6595
6596		if ($line =~ /\b(?:$all_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6597			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6598				WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6599				     "memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6600			}
6601		}
6602
6603		my $underscore_smp_barriers = qr{__smp_(?:$barrier_stems)}x;
6604
6605		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/asm-generic/@ &&
6606		    $realfile !~ m@/barrier\.h$@ &&
6607		    $line =~ m/\b(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/ &&
6608		    $line !~ m/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6609			WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6610			     "__smp memory barriers shouldn't be used outside barrier.h and asm-generic\n" . $herecurr);
6611		}
6612
6613# check for waitqueue_active without a comment.
6614		if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) {
6615			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6616				WARN("WAITQUEUE_ACTIVE",
6617				     "waitqueue_active without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6618			}
6619		}
6620
6621# check for data_race without a comment.
6622		if ($line =~ /\bdata_race\s*\(/) {
6623			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6624				WARN("DATA_RACE",
6625				     "data_race without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6626			}
6627		}
6628
6629# check of hardware specific defines
6630		if ($line =~ m@^.\s*\#\s*if.*\b(__i386__|__powerpc64__|__sun__|__s390x__)\b@ && $realfile !~ m@include/asm-@) {
6631			CHK("ARCH_DEFINES",
6632			    "architecture specific defines should be avoided\n" .  $herecurr);
6633		}
6634
6635# check that the storage class is not after a type
6636		if ($line =~ /\b($Type)\s+($Storage)\b/) {
6637			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6638			     "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
6639		}
6640# Check that the storage class is at the beginning of a declaration
6641		if ($line =~ /\b$Storage\b/ &&
6642		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Storage/ &&
6643		    $line =~ /^.\s*(.+?)\$Storage\s/ &&
6644		    $1 !~ /[\,\)]\s*$/) {
6645			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6646			     "storage class should be at the beginning of the declaration\n" . $herecurr);
6647		}
6648
6649# check the location of the inline attribute, that it is between
6650# storage class and type.
6651		if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ ||
6652		    $line =~ /\b$Inline\s+$Storage\b/) {
6653			ERROR("INLINE_LOCATION",
6654			      "inline keyword should sit between storage class and type\n" . $herecurr);
6655		}
6656
6657# Check for __inline__ and __inline, prefer inline
6658		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6659		    $line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) {
6660			if (WARN("INLINE",
6661				 "plain inline is preferred over $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6662			    $fix) {
6663				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/inline/;
6664
6665			}
6666		}
6667
6668# Check for compiler attributes
6669		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6670		    $rawline =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*($balanced_parens)\s*\)/) {
6671			my $attr = $1;
6672			$attr =~ s/\s*\(\s*(.*)\)\s*/$1/;
6673
6674			my %attr_list = (
6675				"alias"				=> "__alias",
6676				"aligned"			=> "__aligned",
6677				"always_inline"			=> "__always_inline",
6678				"assume_aligned"		=> "__assume_aligned",
6679				"cold"				=> "__cold",
6680				"const"				=> "__attribute_const__",
6681				"copy"				=> "__copy",
6682				"designated_init"		=> "__designated_init",
6683				"externally_visible"		=> "__visible",
6684				"format"			=> "printf|scanf",
6685				"gnu_inline"			=> "__gnu_inline",
6686				"malloc"			=> "__malloc",
6687				"mode"				=> "__mode",
6688				"no_caller_saved_registers"	=> "__no_caller_saved_registers",
6689				"noclone"			=> "__noclone",
6690				"noinline"			=> "noinline",
6691				"nonstring"			=> "__nonstring",
6692				"noreturn"			=> "__noreturn",
6693				"packed"			=> "__packed",
6694				"pure"				=> "__pure",
6695				"section"			=> "__section",
6696				"used"				=> "__used",
6697				"weak"				=> "__weak"
6698			);
6699
6700			while ($attr =~ /\s*(\w+)\s*(${balanced_parens})?/g) {
6701				my $orig_attr = $1;
6702				my $params = '';
6703				$params = $2 if defined($2);
6704				my $curr_attr = $orig_attr;
6705				$curr_attr =~ s/^[\s_]+|[\s_]+$//g;
6706				if (exists($attr_list{$curr_attr})) {
6707					my $new = $attr_list{$curr_attr};
6708					if ($curr_attr eq "format" && $params) {
6709						$params =~ /^\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(.*)/;
6710						$new = "__$1\($2";
6711					} else {
6712						$new = "$new$params";
6713					}
6714					if (WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6715						 "Prefer $new over __attribute__(($orig_attr$params))\n" . $herecurr) &&
6716					    $fix) {
6717						my $remove = "\Q$orig_attr\E" . '\s*' . "\Q$params\E" . '(?:\s*,\s*)?';
6718						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$remove//;
6719						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__attribute__/$new __attribute__/;
6720						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\}\Q$new\E/} $new/;
6721						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/ __attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*\)\s*\)//;
6722					}
6723				}
6724			}
6725
6726			# Check for __attribute__ unused, prefer __always_unused or __maybe_unused
6727			if ($attr =~ /^_*unused/) {
6728				WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6729				     "__always_unused or __maybe_unused is preferred over __attribute__((__unused__))\n" . $herecurr);
6730			}
6731		}
6732
6733# Check for __attribute__ weak, or __weak declarations (may have link issues)
6734		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6735		    $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Attribute)?\s*;/ &&
6736		    ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*\bweak\b/ ||
6737		     $line =~ /\b__weak\b/)) {
6738			ERROR("WEAK_DECLARATION",
6739			      "Using weak declarations can have unintended link defects\n" . $herecurr);
6740		}
6741
6742# check for c99 types like uint8_t used outside of uapi/ and tools/
6743		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6744		    $realfile !~ m@\btools/@ &&
6745		    $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) {
6746			my $type = $1;
6747			if ($type =~ /\b($typeC99Typedefs)\b/) {
6748				$type = $1;
6749				my $kernel_type = 'u';
6750				$kernel_type = 's' if ($type =~ /^_*[si]/);
6751				$type =~ /(\d+)/;
6752				$kernel_type .= $1;
6753				if (CHK("PREFER_KERNEL_TYPES",
6754					"Prefer kernel type '$kernel_type' over '$type'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6755				    $fix) {
6756					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$type\b/$kernel_type/;
6757				}
6758			}
6759		}
6760
6761# check for cast of C90 native int or longer types constants
6762		if ($line =~ /(\(\s*$C90_int_types\s*\)\s*)($Constant)\b/) {
6763			my $cast = $1;
6764			my $const = $2;
6765			my $suffix = "";
6766			my $newconst = $const;
6767			$newconst =~ s/${Int_type}$//;
6768			$suffix .= 'U' if ($cast =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
6769			if ($cast =~ /\blong\s+long\b/) {
6770			    $suffix .= 'LL';
6771			} elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) {
6772			    $suffix .= 'L';
6773			}
6774			if (WARN("TYPECAST_INT_CONSTANT",
6775				 "Unnecessary typecast of c90 int constant - '$cast$const' could be '$const$suffix'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6776			    $fix) {
6777				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$cast\E$const\b/$newconst$suffix/;
6778			}
6779		}
6780
6781# check for sizeof(&)
6782		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s*\(\s*\&/) {
6783			WARN("SIZEOF_ADDRESS",
6784			     "sizeof(& should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
6785		}
6786
6787# check for sizeof without parenthesis
6788		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/) {
6789			if (WARN("SIZEOF_PARENTHESIS",
6790				 "sizeof $1 should be sizeof($1)\n" . $herecurr) &&
6791			    $fix) {
6792				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/"sizeof(" . trim($1) . ")"/ex;
6793			}
6794		}
6795
6796# check for struct spinlock declarations
6797		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\bstruct\s+spinlock\s+\w+\s*;/) {
6798			WARN("USE_SPINLOCK_T",
6799			     "struct spinlock should be spinlock_t\n" . $herecurr);
6800		}
6801
6802# check for seq_printf uses that could be seq_puts
6803		if ($sline =~ /\bseq_printf\s*\(.*"\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6804			my $fmt = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6805			$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6806			if ($fmt !~ /%/) {
6807				if (WARN("PREFER_SEQ_PUTS",
6808					 "Prefer seq_puts to seq_printf\n" . $herecurr) &&
6809				    $fix) {
6810					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bseq_printf\b/seq_puts/;
6811				}
6812			}
6813		}
6814
6815# check for vsprintf extension %p<foo> misuses
6816		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6817		    defined $stat &&
6818		    $stat =~ /^\+(?![^\{]*\{\s*).*\b(\w+)\s*\(.*$String\s*,/s &&
6819		    $1 !~ /^_*volatile_*$/) {
6820			my $stat_real;
6821
6822			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6823			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6824		        for (my $count = $linenr; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
6825				my $specifier;
6826				my $extension;
6827				my $qualifier;
6828				my $bad_specifier = "";
6829				my $fmt = get_quoted_string($lines[$count - 1], raw_line($count, 0));
6830				$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6831
6832				while ($fmt =~ /(\%[\*\d\.]*p(\w)(\w*))/g) {
6833					$specifier = $1;
6834					$extension = $2;
6835					$qualifier = $3;
6836					if ($extension !~ /[4SsBKRraEehMmIiUDdgVCbGNOxtf]/ ||
6837					    ($extension eq "f" &&
6838					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^w/) ||
6839					    ($extension eq "4" &&
6840					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^cc/)) {
6841						$bad_specifier = $specifier;
6842						last;
6843					}
6844					if ($extension eq "x" && !defined($stat_real)) {
6845						if (!defined($stat_real)) {
6846							$stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6847						}
6848						WARN("VSPRINTF_SPECIFIER_PX",
6849						     "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6850					}
6851				}
6852				if ($bad_specifier ne "") {
6853					my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6854					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
6855					my $ext_type = "Invalid";
6856					my $use = "";
6857					if ($bad_specifier =~ /p[Ff]/) {
6858						$use = " - use %pS instead";
6859						$use =~ s/pS/ps/ if ($bad_specifier =~ /pf/);
6860					} elsif ($bad_specifier =~ /pA/) {
6861						$use =  " - '%pA' is only intended to be used from Rust code";
6862						$msg_level = \&ERROR;
6863					}
6864
6865					&{$msg_level}("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION",
6866						      "$ext_type vsprintf pointer extension '$bad_specifier'$use\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6867				}
6868			}
6869		}
6870
6871# Check for misused memsets
6872		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6873		    defined $stat &&
6874		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
6875
6876			my $ms_addr = $2;
6877			my $ms_val = $7;
6878			my $ms_size = $12;
6879
6880			if ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)0$/i) {
6881				ERROR("MEMSET",
6882				      "memset to 0's uses 0 as the 2nd argument, not the 3rd\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6883			} elsif ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)1$/i) {
6884				WARN("MEMSET",
6885				     "single byte memset is suspicious. Swapped 2nd/3rd argument?\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6886			}
6887		}
6888
6889# Check for memcpy(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_copy(foo, bar)
6890#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6891#		    defined $stat &&
6892#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6893#			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_COPY",
6894#				 "Prefer ether_addr_copy() over memcpy() if the Ethernet addresses are __aligned(2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6895#			    $fix) {
6896#				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/ether_addr_copy($2, $7)/;
6897#			}
6898#		}
6899
6900# Check for memcmp(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_equal*(foo, bar)
6901#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6902#		    defined $stat &&
6903#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcmp\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6904#			WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_EQUAL",
6905#			     "Prefer ether_addr_equal() or ether_addr_equal_unaligned() over memcmp()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n")
6906#		}
6907
6908# check for memset(foo, 0x0, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_zero_addr
6909# check for memset(foo, 0xFF, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_broadcast_addr
6910#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6911#		    defined $stat &&
6912#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6913#
6914#			my $ms_val = $7;
6915#
6916#			if ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0x|)0+$/i) {
6917#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_ZERO_ADDR",
6918#					 "Prefer eth_zero_addr over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6919#				    $fix) {
6920#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_zero_addr($2)/;
6921#				}
6922#			} elsif ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0xff|255)$/i) {
6923#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_BROADCAST_ADDR",
6924#					 "Prefer eth_broadcast_addr() over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6925#				    $fix) {
6926#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_broadcast_addr($2)/;
6927#				}
6928#			}
6929#		}
6930
 
 
 
 
 
 
6931# strlcpy uses that should likely be strscpy
6932		if ($line =~ /\bstrlcpy\s*\(/) {
6933			WARN("STRLCPY",
6934			     "Prefer strscpy over strlcpy - see: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wgfRnXz0W3D37d01q3JFkr_i_uTL=V6A6G1oUZcprmknw\@mail.gmail.com/\n" . $herecurr);
 
 
 
 
 
 
6935		}
6936
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6937# typecasts on min/max could be min_t/max_t
6938		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6939		    defined $stat &&
6940		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\b(min|max)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
6941			if (defined $2 || defined $7) {
6942				my $call = $1;
6943				my $cast1 = deparenthesize($2);
6944				my $arg1 = $3;
6945				my $cast2 = deparenthesize($7);
6946				my $arg2 = $8;
6947				my $cast;
6948
6949				if ($cast1 ne "" && $cast2 ne "" && $cast1 ne $cast2) {
6950					$cast = "$cast1 or $cast2";
6951				} elsif ($cast1 ne "") {
6952					$cast = $cast1;
6953				} else {
6954					$cast = $cast2;
6955				}
6956				WARN("MINMAX",
6957				     "$call() should probably be ${call}_t($cast, $arg1, $arg2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6958			}
6959		}
6960
6961# check usleep_range arguments
6962		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6963		    defined $stat &&
6964		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\busleep_range\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*($FuncArg)\s*\)/) {
6965			my $min = $1;
6966			my $max = $7;
6967			if ($min eq $max) {
6968				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
6969				     "usleep_range should not use min == max args; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6970			} elsif ($min =~ /^\d+$/ && $max =~ /^\d+$/ &&
6971				 $min > $max) {
6972				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
6973				     "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6974			}
6975		}
6976
6977# check for naked sscanf
6978		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6979		    defined $stat &&
6980		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/ &&
6981		    ($stat !~ /$Ident\s*=\s*sscanf\s*$balanced_parens/ &&
6982		     $stat !~ /\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Compare)/ &&
6983		     $stat !~ /(?:$Compare)\s*\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens/)) {
6984			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6985			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6986			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6987			WARN("NAKED_SSCANF",
6988			     "unchecked sscanf return value\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6989		}
6990
6991# check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto<foo>
6992		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6993		    defined $stat &&
6994		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/) {
6995			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6996			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6997			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6998			if ($stat_real =~ /\bsscanf\b\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*("[^"]+")/) {
6999				my $format = $6;
7000				my $count = $format =~ tr@%@%@;
7001				if ($count == 1 &&
7002				    $format =~ /^"\%(?i:ll[udxi]|[udxi]ll|ll|[hl]h?[udxi]|[udxi][hl]h?|[hl]h?|[udxi])"$/) {
7003					WARN("SSCANF_TO_KSTRTO",
7004					     "Prefer kstrto<type> to single variable sscanf\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
7005				}
7006			}
7007		}
7008
7009# check for new externs in .h files.
7010		if ($realfile =~ /\.h$/ &&
7011		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(extern\s+)$Type\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
7012			if (CHK("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7013				"extern prototypes should be avoided in .h files\n" . $herecurr) &&
7014			    $fix) {
7015				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(.*)\bextern\b\s*(.*)/$1$2/;
7016			}
7017		}
7018
7019# check for new externs in .c files.
7020		if ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7021		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s)
7022		{
7023			my $function_name = $1;
7024			my $paren_space = $2;
7025
7026			my $s = $stat;
7027			if (defined $cond) {
7028				substr($s, 0, length($cond), '');
7029			}
7030			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/)
7031			{
7032				WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7033				     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7034			}
7035
7036			if ($paren_space =~ /\n/) {
7037				WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7038				     "arguments for function declarations should follow identifier\n" . $herecurr);
7039			}
7040
7041		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7042		    $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/)
7043		{
7044			WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7045			     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7046		}
7047
7048# check for function declarations that have arguments without identifier names
7049		if (defined $stat &&
7050		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*\(\s*([^{]+)\s*\)\s*;/s &&
7051		    $1 ne "void") {
7052			my $args = trim($1);
7053			while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)?)/g) {
7054				my $arg = trim($1);
7055				if ($arg =~ /^$Type$/ && $arg !~ /enum\s+$Ident$/) {
7056					WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7057					     "function definition argument '$arg' should also have an identifier name\n" . $herecurr);
7058				}
7059			}
7060		}
7061
7062# check for function definitions
7063		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7064		    defined $stat &&
7065		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*($Ident)\s*$balanced_parens\s*{/s) {
7066			$context_function = $1;
7067
7068# check for multiline function definition with misplaced open brace
7069			my $ok = 0;
7070			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7071			my $herectx = $here . "\n";
7072			for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
7073				my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
7074				$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
7075				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /^[ \+]\{/);
7076				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /\{/ && $n == 0);
7077				last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
7078			}
7079			if (!$ok) {
7080				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
7081				      "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herectx);
7082			}
7083		}
7084
7085# checks for new __setup's
7086		if ($rawline =~ /\b__setup\("([^"]*)"/) {
7087			my $name = $1;
7088
7089			if (!grep(/$name/, @setup_docs)) {
7090				CHK("UNDOCUMENTED_SETUP",
7091				    "__setup appears un-documented -- check Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt\n" . $herecurr);
7092			}
7093		}
7094
7095# check for pointless casting of alloc functions
7096		if ($line =~ /\*\s*\)\s*$allocFunctions\b/) {
7097			WARN("UNNECESSARY_CASTS",
7098			     "unnecessary cast may hide bugs, see http://c-faq.com/malloc/mallocnocast.html\n" . $herecurr);
7099		}
7100
7101# alloc style
7102# p = alloc(sizeof(struct foo), ...) should be p = alloc(sizeof(*p), ...)
7103		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7104		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k|v)[mz]alloc(?:_node)?)\s*\(\s*(sizeof\s*\(\s*struct\s+$Lval\s*\))/) {
7105			CHK("ALLOC_SIZEOF_STRUCT",
7106			    "Prefer $3(sizeof(*$1)...) over $3($4...)\n" . $herecurr);
7107		}
7108
7109# check for (kv|k)[mz]alloc with multiplies that could be kmalloc_array/kvmalloc_array/kvcalloc/kcalloc
7110		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7111		    defined $stat &&
7112		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)\s*,/) {
7113			my $oldfunc = $3;
7114			my $a1 = $4;
7115			my $a2 = $10;
7116			my $newfunc = "kmalloc_array";
7117			$newfunc = "kvmalloc_array" if ($oldfunc eq "kvmalloc");
7118			$newfunc = "kvcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kvzalloc");
7119			$newfunc = "kcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kzalloc");
7120			my $r1 = $a1;
7121			my $r2 = $a2;
7122			if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) {
7123				$r1 = $a2;
7124				$r2 = $a1;
7125			}
7126			if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ &&
7127			    !($r1 =~ /^$Constant$/ || $r1 =~ /^[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*$/)) {
7128				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7129				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7130
7131				if (WARN("ALLOC_WITH_MULTIPLY",
7132					 "Prefer $newfunc over $oldfunc with multiply\n" . $herectx) &&
7133				    $cnt == 1 &&
7134				    $fix) {
7135					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)/$1 . ' = ' . "$newfunc(" . trim($r1) . ', ' . trim($r2)/e;
7136				}
7137			}
7138		}
7139
7140# check for krealloc arg reuse
7141		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7142		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*krealloc\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*,/ &&
7143		    $1 eq $3) {
7144			WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE",
7145			     "Reusing the krealloc arg is almost always a bug\n" . $herecurr);
7146		}
7147
7148# check for alloc argument mismatch
7149		if ($line =~ /\b((?:devm_)?((?:k|kv)?(calloc|malloc_array)(?:_node)?))\s*\(\s*sizeof\b/) {
7150			WARN("ALLOC_ARRAY_ARGS",
7151			     "$1 uses number as first arg, sizeof is generally wrong\n" . $herecurr);
7152		}
7153
7154# check for multiple semicolons
7155		if ($line =~ /;\s*;\s*$/) {
7156			if (WARN("ONE_SEMICOLON",
7157				 "Statements terminations use 1 semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
7158			    $fix) {
7159				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g;
7160			}
7161		}
7162
7163# check for #defines like: 1 << <digit> that could be BIT(digit), it is not exported to uapi
7164		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
7165		    $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\<\<\s*(?:\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/) {
7166			my $ull = "";
7167			$ull = "_ULL" if (defined($1) && $1 =~ /ll/i);
7168			if (CHK("BIT_MACRO",
7169				"Prefer using the BIT$ull macro\n" . $herecurr) &&
7170			    $fix) {
7171				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(?\s*1\s*[ulUL]*\s*<<\s*(\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/BIT${ull}($1)/;
7172			}
7173		}
7174
7175# check for IS_ENABLED() without CONFIG_<FOO> ($rawline for comments too)
7176		if ($rawline =~ /\bIS_ENABLED\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*\)/ && $1 !~ /^${CONFIG_}/) {
7177			WARN("IS_ENABLED_CONFIG",
7178			     "IS_ENABLED($1) is normally used as IS_ENABLED(${CONFIG_}$1)\n" . $herecurr);
7179		}
7180
7181# check for #if defined CONFIG_<FOO> || defined CONFIG_<FOO>_MODULE
7182		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*if\s+defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)(${CONFIG_}[A-Z_]+)\s*\)?\s*\|\|\s*defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)\1_MODULE\s*\)?\s*$/) {
7183			my $config = $1;
7184			if (WARN("PREFER_IS_ENABLED",
7185				 "Prefer IS_ENABLED(<FOO>) to ${CONFIG_}<FOO> || ${CONFIG_}<FOO>_MODULE\n" . $herecurr) &&
7186			    $fix) {
7187				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+#if IS_ENABLED($config)";
7188			}
7189		}
7190
7191# check for /* fallthrough */ like comment, prefer fallthrough;
7192		my @fallthroughs = (
7193			'fallthrough',
7194			'@fallthrough@',
7195			'lint -fallthrough[ \t]*',
7196			'intentional(?:ly)?[ \t]*fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)',
7197			'(?:else,?\s*)?FALL(?:S | |-)?THR(?:OUGH|U|EW)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7198			'Fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7199			'fall(?:s | |-)?thr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7200		    );
7201		if ($raw_comment ne '') {
7202			foreach my $ft (@fallthroughs) {
7203				if ($raw_comment =~ /$ft/) {
7204					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
7205					$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
7206					&{$msg_level}("PREFER_FALLTHROUGH",
7207						      "Prefer 'fallthrough;' over fallthrough comment\n" . $herecurr);
7208					last;
7209				}
7210			}
7211		}
7212
7213# check for switch/default statements without a break;
7214		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7215		    defined $stat &&
7216		    $stat =~ /^\+[$;\s]*(?:case[$;\s]+\w+[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*|)*[$;\s]*\bdefault[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*;/g) {
7217			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7218			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7219
7220			WARN("DEFAULT_NO_BREAK",
7221			     "switch default: should use break\n" . $herectx);
7222		}
7223
7224# check for gcc specific __FUNCTION__
7225		if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) {
7226			if (WARN("USE_FUNC",
7227				 "__func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__\n"  . $herecurr) &&
7228			    $fix) {
7229				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__FUNCTION__\b/__func__/g;
7230			}
7231		}
7232
7233# check for uses of __DATE__, __TIME__, __TIMESTAMP__
7234		while ($line =~ /\b(__(?:DATE|TIME|TIMESTAMP)__)\b/g) {
7235			ERROR("DATE_TIME",
7236			      "Use of the '$1' macro makes the build non-deterministic\n" . $herecurr);
7237		}
7238
7239# check for use of yield()
7240		if ($line =~ /\byield\s*\(\s*\)/) {
7241			WARN("YIELD",
7242			     "Using yield() is generally wrong. See yield() kernel-doc (sched/core.c)\n"  . $herecurr);
7243		}
7244
7245# check for comparisons against true and false
7246		if ($line =~ /\+\s*(.*?)\b(true|false|$Lval)\s*(==|\!=)\s*(true|false|$Lval)\b(.*)$/i) {
7247			my $lead = $1;
7248			my $arg = $2;
7249			my $test = $3;
7250			my $otype = $4;
7251			my $trail = $5;
7252			my $op = "!";
7253
7254			($arg, $otype) = ($otype, $arg) if ($arg =~ /^(?:true|false)$/i);
7255
7256			my $type = lc($otype);
7257			if ($type =~ /^(?:true|false)$/) {
7258				if (("$test" eq "==" && "$type" eq "true") ||
7259				    ("$test" eq "!=" && "$type" eq "false")) {
7260					$op = "";
7261				}
7262
7263				CHK("BOOL_COMPARISON",
7264				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone\n" . $herecurr);
7265
7266## maybe suggesting a correct construct would better
7267##				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone.  Perhaps use '${lead}${op}${arg}${trail}'\n" . $herecurr);
7268
7269			}
7270		}
7271
7272# check for semaphores initialized locked
7273		if ($line =~ /^.\s*sema_init.+,\W?0\W?\)/) {
7274			WARN("CONSIDER_COMPLETION",
7275			     "consider using a completion\n" . $herecurr);
7276		}
7277
7278# recommend kstrto* over simple_strto* and strict_strto*
7279		if ($line =~ /\b((simple|strict)_(strto(l|ll|ul|ull)))\s*\(/) {
7280			WARN("CONSIDER_KSTRTO",
7281			     "$1 is obsolete, use k$3 instead\n" . $herecurr);
7282		}
7283
7284# check for __initcall(), use device_initcall() explicitly or more appropriate function please
7285		if ($line =~ /^.\s*__initcall\s*\(/) {
7286			WARN("USE_DEVICE_INITCALL",
7287			     "please use device_initcall() or more appropriate function instead of __initcall() (see include/linux/init.h)\n" . $herecurr);
7288		}
7289
7290# check for spin_is_locked(), suggest lockdep instead
7291		if ($line =~ /\bspin_is_locked\(/) {
7292			WARN("USE_LOCKDEP",
7293			     "Where possible, use lockdep_assert_held instead of assertions based on spin_is_locked\n" . $herecurr);
7294		}
7295
7296# check for deprecated apis
7297		if ($line =~ /\b($deprecated_apis_search)\b\s*\(/) {
7298			my $deprecated_api = $1;
7299			my $new_api = $deprecated_apis{$deprecated_api};
7300			WARN("DEPRECATED_API",
7301			     "Deprecated use of '$deprecated_api', prefer '$new_api' instead\n" . $herecurr);
7302		}
7303
7304# check for various structs that are normally const (ops, kgdb, device_tree)
7305# and avoid what seem like struct definitions 'struct foo {'
7306		if (defined($const_structs) &&
7307		    $line !~ /\bconst\b/ &&
7308		    $line =~ /\bstruct\s+($const_structs)\b(?!\s*\{)/) {
7309			WARN("CONST_STRUCT",
7310			     "struct $1 should normally be const\n" . $herecurr);
7311		}
7312
7313# use of NR_CPUS is usually wrong
7314# ignore definitions of NR_CPUS and usage to define arrays as likely right
7315# ignore designated initializers using NR_CPUS
7316		if ($line =~ /\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7317		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*if\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7318		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*define\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7319		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s.*\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7320		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7321		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*\]/ &&
7322		    $line !~ /^.\s*\.\w+\s*=\s*.*\bNR_CPUS\b/)
7323		{
7324			WARN("NR_CPUS",
7325			     "usage of NR_CPUS is often wrong - consider using cpu_possible(), num_possible_cpus(), for_each_possible_cpu(), etc\n" . $herecurr);
7326		}
7327
7328# Use of __ARCH_HAS_<FOO> or ARCH_HAVE_<BAR> is wrong.
7329		if ($line =~ /\+\s*#\s*define\s+((?:__)?ARCH_(?:HAS|HAVE)\w*)\b/) {
7330			ERROR("DEFINE_ARCH_HAS",
7331			      "#define of '$1' is wrong - use Kconfig variables or standard guards instead\n" . $herecurr);
7332		}
7333
7334# likely/unlikely comparisons similar to "(likely(foo) > 0)"
7335		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7336		    $line =~ /\b((?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*\)\s*$Compare/) {
7337			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7338			     "Using $1 should generally have parentheses around the comparison\n" . $herecurr);
7339		}
7340
7341# return sysfs_emit(foo, fmt, ...) fmt without newline
7342		if ($line =~ /\breturn\s+sysfs_emit\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*($String)/ &&
7343		    substr($rawline, $-[6], $+[6] - $-[6]) !~ /\\n"$/) {
7344			my $offset = $+[6] - 1;
7345			if (WARN("SYSFS_EMIT",
7346				 "return sysfs_emit(...) formats should include a terminating newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
7347			    $fix) {
7348				substr($fixed[$fixlinenr], $offset, 0) = '\\n';
7349			}
7350		}
7351
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7352# nested likely/unlikely calls
7353		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*!?\s*(IS_ERR(?:_OR_NULL|_VALUE)?|WARN)/) {
7354			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7355			     "nested (un)?likely() calls, $1 already uses unlikely() internally\n" . $herecurr);
7356		}
7357
7358# whine mightly about in_atomic
7359		if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) {
7360			if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) {
7361				ERROR("IN_ATOMIC",
7362				      "do not use in_atomic in drivers\n" . $herecurr);
7363			} elsif ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/@) {
7364				WARN("IN_ATOMIC",
7365				     "use of in_atomic() is incorrect outside core kernel code\n" . $herecurr);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7366			}
7367		}
7368
7369# check for lockdep_set_novalidate_class
7370		if ($line =~ /^.\s*lockdep_set_novalidate_class\s*\(/ ||
7371		    $line =~ /__lockdep_no_validate__\s*\)/ ) {
7372			if ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/lockdep@ &&
7373			    $realfile !~ m@^include/linux/lockdep@ &&
7374			    $realfile !~ m@^drivers/base/core@) {
7375				ERROR("LOCKDEP",
7376				      "lockdep_no_validate class is reserved for device->mutex.\n" . $herecurr);
7377			}
7378		}
7379
7380		if ($line =~ /debugfs_create_\w+.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/ ||
7381		    $line =~ /DEVICE_ATTR.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/) {
7382			WARN("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7383			     "Exporting world writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . $herecurr);
7384		}
7385
7386# check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_<FOO>
7387# and whether or not function naming is typical and if
7388# DEVICE_ATTR permissions uses are unusual too
7389		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7390		    defined $stat &&
7391		    $stat =~ /\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*\(?\s*(\s*(?:${multi_mode_perms_string_search}|0[0-7]{3,3})\s*)\s*\)?\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*\)/) {
7392			my $var = $1;
7393			my $perms = $2;
7394			my $show = $3;
7395			my $store = $4;
7396			my $octal_perms = perms_to_octal($perms);
7397			if ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7398			    $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7399			    $octal_perms eq "0644") {
7400				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RW",
7401					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . $herecurr) &&
7402				    $fix) {
7403					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RW(${var})/;
7404				}
7405			} elsif ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7406				 $store =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7407				 $octal_perms eq "0444") {
7408				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RO",
7409					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7410				    $fix) {
7411					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*NULL\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RO(${var})/;
7412				}
7413			} elsif ($show =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7414				 $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7415				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7416				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_WO",
7417					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7418				    $fix) {
7419					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*NULL\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_WO(${var})/;
7420				}
7421			} elsif ($octal_perms eq "0644" ||
7422				 $octal_perms eq "0444" ||
7423				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7424				my $newshow = "$show";
7425				$newshow = "${var}_show" if ($show ne "NULL" && $show ne "${var}_show");
7426				my $newstore = $store;
7427				$newstore = "${var}_store" if ($store ne "NULL" && $store ne "${var}_store");
7428				my $rename = "";
7429				if ($show ne $newshow) {
7430					$rename .= " '$show' to '$newshow'";
7431				}
7432				if ($store ne $newstore) {
7433					$rename .= " '$store' to '$newstore'";
7434				}
7435				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_FUNCTIONS",
7436				     "Consider renaming function(s)$rename\n" . $herecurr);
7437			} else {
7438				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_PERMS",
7439				     "DEVICE_ATTR unusual permissions '$perms' used\n" . $herecurr);
7440			}
7441		}
7442
7443# Mode permission misuses where it seems decimal should be octal
7444# This uses a shortcut match to avoid unnecessary uses of a slow foreach loop
7445# o Ignore module_param*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a
7446#   specific definition of not visible in sysfs.
7447# o Ignore proc_create*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that means
7448#   use the default permissions
7449		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7450		    defined $stat &&
7451		    $line =~ /$mode_perms_search/) {
7452			foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
7453				my $func = $entry->[0];
7454				my $arg_pos = $entry->[1];
7455
7456				my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7457				$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7458				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7459
7460				my $skip_args = "";
7461				if ($arg_pos > 1) {
7462					$arg_pos--;
7463					$skip_args = "(?:\\s*$FuncArg\\s*,\\s*){$arg_pos,$arg_pos}";
7464				}
7465				my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(?:\\|\\s*$FuncArg)*)\\s*[,\\)]";
7466				if ($stat =~ /$test/) {
7467					my $val = $1;
7468					$val = $6 if ($skip_args ne "");
7469					if (!($func =~ /^(?:module_param|proc_create)/ && $val eq "0") &&
7470					    (($val =~ /^$Int$/ && $val !~ /^$Octal$/) ||
7471					     ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && length($val) ne 4))) {
7472						ERROR("NON_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS",
7473						      "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7474					}
7475					if ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && (oct($val) & 02)) {
7476						ERROR("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7477						      "Exporting writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7478					}
7479				}
7480			}
7481		}
7482
7483# check for uses of S_<PERMS> that could be octal for readability
7484		while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) {
7485			my $oval = $1;
7486			my $octal = perms_to_octal($oval);
7487			if (WARN("SYMBOLIC_PERMS",
7488				 "Symbolic permissions '$oval' are not preferred. Consider using octal permissions '$octal'.\n" . $herecurr) &&
7489			    $fix) {
7490				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/;
7491			}
7492		}
7493
7494# validate content of MODULE_LICENSE against list from include/linux/module.h
7495		if ($line =~ /\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*($String)\s*\)/) {
7496			my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
7497			my $valid_licenses = qr{
7498						GPL|
7499						GPL\ v2|
7500						GPL\ and\ additional\ rights|
7501						Dual\ BSD/GPL|
7502						Dual\ MIT/GPL|
7503						Dual\ MPL/GPL|
7504						Proprietary
7505					}x;
7506			if ($extracted_string !~ /^"(?:$valid_licenses)"$/x) {
7507				WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7508				     "unknown module license " . $extracted_string . "\n" . $herecurr);
7509			}
7510			if (!$file && $extracted_string eq '"GPL v2"') {
7511				if (WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7512				     "Prefer \"GPL\" over \"GPL v2\" - see commit bf7fbeeae6db (\"module: Cure the MODULE_LICENSE \"GPL\" vs. \"GPL v2\" bogosity\")\n" . $herecurr) &&
7513				    $fix) {
7514					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*"GPL v2"\s*\)/MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")/;
7515				}
7516			}
7517		}
7518
7519# check for sysctl duplicate constants
7520		if ($line =~ /\.extra[12]\s*=\s*&(zero|one|int_max)\b/) {
7521			WARN("DUPLICATED_SYSCTL_CONST",
7522				"duplicated sysctl range checking value '$1', consider using the shared one in include/linux/sysctl.h\n" . $herecurr);
7523		}
7524	}
7525
7526	# If we have no input at all, then there is nothing to report on
7527	# so just keep quiet.
7528	if ($#rawlines == -1) {
7529		exit(0);
7530	}
7531
7532	# In mailback mode only produce a report in the negative, for
7533	# things that appear to be patches.
7534	if ($mailback && ($clean == 1 || !$is_patch)) {
7535		exit(0);
7536	}
7537
7538	# This is not a patch, and we are in 'no-patch' mode so
7539	# just keep quiet.
7540	if (!$chk_patch && !$is_patch) {
7541		exit(0);
7542	}
7543
7544	if (!$is_patch && $filename !~ /cover-letter\.patch$/) {
7545		ERROR("NOT_UNIFIED_DIFF",
7546		      "Does not appear to be a unified-diff format patch\n");
7547	}
7548	if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff) {
7549		if ($signoff == 0) {
7550			ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF",
7551			      "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n");
7552		} elsif ($authorsignoff != 1) {
7553			# authorsignoff values:
7554			# 0 -> missing sign off
7555			# 1 -> sign off identical
7556			# 2 -> names and addresses match, comments mismatch
7557			# 3 -> addresses match, names different
7558			# 4 -> names match, addresses different
7559			# 5 -> names match, addresses excluding subaddress details (refer RFC 5233) match
7560
7561			my $sob_msg = "'From: $author' != 'Signed-off-by: $author_sob'";
7562
7563			if ($authorsignoff == 0) {
7564				ERROR("NO_AUTHOR_SIGN_OFF",
7565				      "Missing Signed-off-by: line by nominal patch author '$author'\n");
7566			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 2) {
7567				CHK("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7568				    "From:/Signed-off-by: email comments mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7569			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 3) {
7570				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7571				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email name mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7572			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 4) {
7573				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7574				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email address mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7575			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 5) {
7576				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7577				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email subaddress mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7578			}
7579		}
7580	}
7581
7582	print report_dump();
7583	if ($summary && !($clean == 1 && $quiet == 1)) {
7584		print "$filename " if ($summary_file);
7585		print "total: $cnt_error errors, $cnt_warn warnings, " .
7586			(($check)? "$cnt_chk checks, " : "") .
7587			"$cnt_lines lines checked\n";
7588	}
7589
7590	if ($quiet == 0) {
7591		# If there were any defects found and not already fixing them
7592		if (!$clean and !$fix) {
7593			print << "EOM"
7594
7595NOTE: For some of the reported defects, checkpatch may be able to
7596      mechanically convert to the typical style using --fix or --fix-inplace.
7597EOM
7598		}
7599		# If there were whitespace errors which cleanpatch can fix
7600		# then suggest that.
7601		if ($rpt_cleaners) {
7602			$rpt_cleaners = 0;
7603			print << "EOM"
7604
7605NOTE: Whitespace errors detected.
7606      You may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile
7607EOM
7608		}
7609	}
7610
7611	if ($clean == 0 && $fix &&
7612	    ("@rawlines" ne "@fixed" ||
7613	     $#fixed_inserted >= 0 || $#fixed_deleted >= 0)) {
7614		my $newfile = $filename;
7615		$newfile .= ".EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes" if (!$fix_inplace);
7616		my $linecount = 0;
7617		my $f;
7618
7619		@fixed = fix_inserted_deleted_lines(\@fixed, \@fixed_inserted, \@fixed_deleted);
7620
7621		open($f, '>', $newfile)
7622		    or die "$P: Can't open $newfile for write\n";
7623		foreach my $fixed_line (@fixed) {
7624			$linecount++;
7625			if ($file) {
7626				if ($linecount > 3) {
7627					$fixed_line =~ s/^\+//;
7628					print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7629				}
7630			} else {
7631				print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7632			}
7633		}
7634		close($f);
7635
7636		if (!$quiet) {
7637			print << "EOM";
7638
7639Wrote EXPERIMENTAL --fix correction(s) to '$newfile'
7640
7641Do _NOT_ trust the results written to this file.
7642Do _NOT_ submit these changes without inspecting them for correctness.
7643
7644This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches.
7645No warranties, expressed or implied...
7646EOM
7647		}
7648	}
7649
7650	if ($quiet == 0) {
7651		print "\n";
7652		if ($clean == 1) {
7653			print "$vname has no obvious style problems and is ready for submission.\n";
7654		} else {
7655			print "$vname has style problems, please review.\n";
7656		}
7657	}
7658	return $clean;
7659}
v6.9.4
   1#!/usr/bin/env perl
   2# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   3#
   4# (c) 2001, Dave Jones. (the file handling bit)
   5# (c) 2005, Joel Schopp <jschopp@austin.ibm.com> (the ugly bit)
   6# (c) 2007,2008, Andy Whitcroft <apw@uk.ibm.com> (new conditions, test suite)
   7# (c) 2008-2010 Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
   8# (c) 2010-2018 Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
   9
  10use strict;
  11use warnings;
  12use POSIX;
  13use File::Basename;
  14use Cwd 'abs_path';
  15use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
  16use Encode qw(decode encode);
  17
  18my $P = $0;
  19my $D = dirname(abs_path($P));
  20
  21my $V = '0.32';
  22
  23use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);
  24
  25my $quiet = 0;
  26my $verbose = 0;
  27my %verbose_messages = ();
  28my %verbose_emitted = ();
  29my $tree = 1;
  30my $chk_signoff = 1;
  31my $chk_patch = 1;
  32my $tst_only;
  33my $emacs = 0;
  34my $terse = 0;
  35my $showfile = 0;
  36my $file = 0;
  37my $git = 0;
  38my %git_commits = ();
  39my $check = 0;
  40my $check_orig = 0;
  41my $summary = 1;
  42my $mailback = 0;
  43my $summary_file = 0;
  44my $show_types = 0;
  45my $list_types = 0;
  46my $fix = 0;
  47my $fix_inplace = 0;
  48my $root;
  49my $gitroot = $ENV{'GIT_DIR'};
  50$gitroot = ".git" if !defined($gitroot);
  51my %debug;
  52my %camelcase = ();
  53my %use_type = ();
  54my @use = ();
  55my %ignore_type = ();
  56my @ignore = ();
  57my $help = 0;
  58my $configuration_file = ".checkpatch.conf";
  59my $max_line_length = 100;
  60my $ignore_perl_version = 0;
  61my $minimum_perl_version = 5.10.0;
  62my $min_conf_desc_length = 4;
  63my $spelling_file = "$D/spelling.txt";
  64my $codespell = 0;
  65my $codespellfile = "/usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt";
  66my $user_codespellfile = "";
  67my $conststructsfile = "$D/const_structs.checkpatch";
  68my $docsfile = "$D/../Documentation/dev-tools/checkpatch.rst";
  69my $typedefsfile;
  70my $color = "auto";
  71my $allow_c99_comments = 1; # Can be overridden by --ignore C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE
  72# git output parsing needs US English output, so first set backtick child process LANGUAGE
  73my $git_command ='export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8; git';
  74my $tabsize = 8;
  75my ${CONFIG_} = "CONFIG_";
  76
  77my %maybe_linker_symbol; # for externs in c exceptions, when seen in *vmlinux.lds.h
  78
  79sub help {
  80	my ($exitcode) = @_;
  81
  82	print << "EOM";
  83Usage: $P [OPTION]... [FILE]...
  84Version: $V
  85
  86Options:
  87  -q, --quiet                quiet
  88  -v, --verbose              verbose mode
  89  --no-tree                  run without a kernel tree
  90  --no-signoff               do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line
  91  --patch                    treat FILE as patchfile (default)
  92  --emacs                    emacs compile window format
  93  --terse                    one line per report
  94  --showfile                 emit diffed file position, not input file position
  95  -g, --git                  treat FILE as a single commit or git revision range
  96                             single git commit with:
  97                               <rev>
  98                               <rev>^
  99                               <rev>~n
 100                             multiple git commits with:
 101                               <rev1>..<rev2>
 102                               <rev1>...<rev2>
 103                               <rev>-<count>
 104                             git merges are ignored
 105  -f, --file                 treat FILE as regular source file
 106  --subjective, --strict     enable more subjective tests
 107  --list-types               list the possible message types
 108  --types TYPE(,TYPE2...)    show only these comma separated message types
 109  --ignore TYPE(,TYPE2...)   ignore various comma separated message types
 110  --show-types               show the specific message type in the output
 111  --max-line-length=n        set the maximum line length, (default $max_line_length)
 112                             if exceeded, warn on patches
 113                             requires --strict for use with --file
 114  --min-conf-desc-length=n   set the min description length, if shorter, warn
 115  --tab-size=n               set the number of spaces for tab (default $tabsize)
 116  --root=PATH                PATH to the kernel tree root
 117  --no-summary               suppress the per-file summary
 118  --mailback                 only produce a report in case of warnings/errors
 119  --summary-file             include the filename in summary
 120  --debug KEY=[0|1]          turn on/off debugging of KEY, where KEY is one of
 121                             'values', 'possible', 'type', and 'attr' (default
 122                             is all off)
 123  --test-only=WORD           report only warnings/errors containing WORD
 124                             literally
 125  --fix                      EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 126                             If correctable single-line errors exist, create
 127                             "<inputfile>.EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes"
 128                             with potential errors corrected to the preferred
 129                             checkpatch style
 130  --fix-inplace              EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 131                             Is the same as --fix, but overwrites the input
 132                             file.  It's your fault if there's no backup or git
 133  --ignore-perl-version      override checking of perl version.  expect
 134                             runtime errors.
 135  --codespell                Use the codespell dictionary for spelling/typos
 136                             (default:$codespellfile)
 137  --codespellfile            Use this codespell dictionary
 138  --typedefsfile             Read additional types from this file
 139  --color[=WHEN]             Use colors 'always', 'never', or only when output
 140                             is a terminal ('auto'). Default is 'auto'.
 141  --kconfig-prefix=WORD      use WORD as a prefix for Kconfig symbols (default
 142                             ${CONFIG_})
 143  -h, --help, --version      display this help and exit
 144
 145When FILE is - read standard input.
 146EOM
 147
 148	exit($exitcode);
 149}
 150
 151sub uniq {
 152	my %seen;
 153	return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_;
 154}
 155
 156sub list_types {
 157	my ($exitcode) = @_;
 158
 159	my $count = 0;
 160
 161	local $/ = undef;
 162
 163	open(my $script, '<', abs_path($P)) or
 164	    die "$P: Can't read '$P' $!\n";
 165
 166	my $text = <$script>;
 167	close($script);
 168
 169	my %types = ();
 170	# Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable
 171	while ($text =~ /(?:(\bCHK|\bWARN|\bERROR|&\{\$msg_level})\s*\(|\$msg_type\s*=)\s*"([^"]+)"/g) {
 172		if (defined($1)) {
 173			if (exists($types{$2})) {
 174				$types{$2} .= ",$1" if ($types{$2} ne $1);
 175			} else {
 176				$types{$2} = $1;
 177			}
 178		} else {
 179			$types{$2} = "UNDETERMINED";
 180		}
 181	}
 182
 183	print("#\tMessage type\n\n");
 184	if ($color) {
 185		print(" ( Color coding: ");
 186		print(RED . "ERROR" . RESET);
 187		print(" | ");
 188		print(YELLOW . "WARNING" . RESET);
 189		print(" | ");
 190		print(GREEN . "CHECK" . RESET);
 191		print(" | ");
 192		print("Multiple levels / Undetermined");
 193		print(" )\n\n");
 194	}
 195
 196	foreach my $type (sort keys %types) {
 197		my $orig_type = $type;
 198		if ($color) {
 199			my $level = $types{$type};
 200			if ($level eq "ERROR") {
 201				$type = RED . $type . RESET;
 202			} elsif ($level eq "WARN") {
 203				$type = YELLOW . $type . RESET;
 204			} elsif ($level eq "CHK") {
 205				$type = GREEN . $type . RESET;
 206			}
 207		}
 208		print(++$count . "\t" . $type . "\n");
 209		if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$orig_type})) {
 210			my $message = $verbose_messages{$orig_type};
 211			$message =~ s/\n/\n\t/g;
 212			print("\t" . $message . "\n\n");
 213		}
 214	}
 215
 216	exit($exitcode);
 217}
 218
 219my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file);
 220if (-f $conf) {
 221	my @conf_args;
 222	open(my $conffile, '<', "$conf")
 223	    or warn "$P: Can't find a readable $configuration_file file $!\n";
 224
 225	while (<$conffile>) {
 226		my $line = $_;
 227
 228		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 229		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 230		$line =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 231
 232		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 233		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 234
 235		my @words = split(" ", $line);
 236		foreach my $word (@words) {
 237			last if ($word =~ m/^#/);
 238			push (@conf_args, $word);
 239		}
 240	}
 241	close($conffile);
 242	unshift(@ARGV, @conf_args) if @conf_args;
 243}
 244
 245sub load_docs {
 246	open(my $docs, '<', "$docsfile")
 247	    or warn "$P: Can't read the documentation file $docsfile $!\n";
 248
 249	my $type = '';
 250	my $desc = '';
 251	my $in_desc = 0;
 252
 253	while (<$docs>) {
 254		chomp;
 255		my $line = $_;
 256		$line =~ s/\s+$//;
 257
 258		if ($line =~ /^\s*\*\*(.+)\*\*$/) {
 259			if ($desc ne '') {
 260				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 261			}
 262			$type = $1;
 263			$desc = '';
 264			$in_desc = 1;
 265		} elsif ($in_desc) {
 266			if ($line =~ /^(?:\s{4,}|$)/) {
 267				$line =~ s/^\s{4}//;
 268				$desc .= $line;
 269				$desc .= "\n";
 270			} else {
 271				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 272				$type = '';
 273				$desc = '';
 274				$in_desc = 0;
 275			}
 276		}
 277	}
 278
 279	if ($desc ne '') {
 280		$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 281	}
 282	close($docs);
 283}
 284
 285# Perl's Getopt::Long allows options to take optional arguments after a space.
 286# Prevent --color by itself from consuming other arguments
 287foreach (@ARGV) {
 288	if ($_ eq "--color" || $_ eq "-color") {
 289		$_ = "--color=$color";
 290	}
 291}
 292
 293GetOptions(
 294	'q|quiet+'	=> \$quiet,
 295	'v|verbose!'	=> \$verbose,
 296	'tree!'		=> \$tree,
 297	'signoff!'	=> \$chk_signoff,
 298	'patch!'	=> \$chk_patch,
 299	'emacs!'	=> \$emacs,
 300	'terse!'	=> \$terse,
 301	'showfile!'	=> \$showfile,
 302	'f|file!'	=> \$file,
 303	'g|git!'	=> \$git,
 304	'subjective!'	=> \$check,
 305	'strict!'	=> \$check,
 306	'ignore=s'	=> \@ignore,
 307	'types=s'	=> \@use,
 308	'show-types!'	=> \$show_types,
 309	'list-types!'	=> \$list_types,
 310	'max-line-length=i' => \$max_line_length,
 311	'min-conf-desc-length=i' => \$min_conf_desc_length,
 312	'tab-size=i'	=> \$tabsize,
 313	'root=s'	=> \$root,
 314	'summary!'	=> \$summary,
 315	'mailback!'	=> \$mailback,
 316	'summary-file!'	=> \$summary_file,
 317	'fix!'		=> \$fix,
 318	'fix-inplace!'	=> \$fix_inplace,
 319	'ignore-perl-version!' => \$ignore_perl_version,
 320	'debug=s'	=> \%debug,
 321	'test-only=s'	=> \$tst_only,
 322	'codespell!'	=> \$codespell,
 323	'codespellfile=s'	=> \$user_codespellfile,
 324	'typedefsfile=s'	=> \$typedefsfile,
 325	'color=s'	=> \$color,
 326	'no-color'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 327	'nocolor'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 328	'kconfig-prefix=s'	=> \${CONFIG_},
 329	'h|help'	=> \$help,
 330	'version'	=> \$help
 331) or $help = 2;
 332
 333if ($user_codespellfile) {
 334	# Use the user provided codespell file unconditionally
 335	$codespellfile = $user_codespellfile;
 336} elsif (!(-f $codespellfile)) {
 337	# If /usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt is not present, try to find it
 338	# under codespell's install directory: <codespell_root>/data/dictionary.txt
 339	if (($codespell || $help) && which("python3") ne "") {
 340		my $python_codespell_dict = << "EOF";
 341
 342import os.path as op
 343import codespell_lib
 344codespell_dir = op.dirname(codespell_lib.__file__)
 345codespell_file = op.join(codespell_dir, 'data', 'dictionary.txt')
 346print(codespell_file, end='')
 347EOF
 348
 349		my $codespell_dict = `python3 -c "$python_codespell_dict" 2> /dev/null`;
 350		$codespellfile = $codespell_dict if (-f $codespell_dict);
 351	}
 352}
 353
 354# $help is 1 if either -h, --help or --version is passed as option - exitcode: 0
 355# $help is 2 if invalid option is passed - exitcode: 1
 356help($help - 1) if ($help);
 357
 358die "$P: --git cannot be used with --file or --fix\n" if ($git && ($file || $fix));
 359die "$P: --verbose cannot be used with --terse\n" if ($verbose && $terse);
 360
 361if ($color =~ /^[01]$/) {
 362	$color = !$color;
 363} elsif ($color =~ /^always$/i) {
 364	$color = 1;
 365} elsif ($color =~ /^never$/i) {
 366	$color = 0;
 367} elsif ($color =~ /^auto$/i) {
 368	$color = (-t STDOUT);
 369} else {
 370	die "$P: Invalid color mode: $color\n";
 371}
 372
 373load_docs() if ($verbose);
 374list_types(0) if ($list_types);
 375
 376$fix = 1 if ($fix_inplace);
 377$check_orig = $check;
 378
 379my $exit = 0;
 380
 381my $perl_version_ok = 1;
 382if ($^V && $^V lt $minimum_perl_version) {
 383	$perl_version_ok = 0;
 384	printf "$P: requires at least perl version %vd\n", $minimum_perl_version;
 385	exit(1) if (!$ignore_perl_version);
 386}
 387
 388#if no filenames are given, push '-' to read patch from stdin
 389if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 390	push(@ARGV, '-');
 391}
 392
 393# skip TAB size 1 to avoid additional checks on $tabsize - 1
 394die "$P: Invalid TAB size: $tabsize\n" if ($tabsize < 2);
 395
 396sub hash_save_array_words {
 397	my ($hashRef, $arrayRef) = @_;
 398
 399	my @array = split(/,/, join(',', @$arrayRef));
 400	foreach my $word (@array) {
 401		$word =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 402		$word =~ s/^\s*//g;
 403		$word =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 404		$word =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
 405
 406		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*#/);
 407		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/);
 408
 409		$hashRef->{$word}++;
 410	}
 411}
 412
 413sub hash_show_words {
 414	my ($hashRef, $prefix) = @_;
 415
 416	if (keys %$hashRef) {
 417		print "\nNOTE: $prefix message types:";
 418		foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) {
 419			print " $word";
 420		}
 421		print "\n";
 422	}
 423}
 424
 425hash_save_array_words(\%ignore_type, \@ignore);
 426hash_save_array_words(\%use_type, \@use);
 427
 428my $dbg_values = 0;
 429my $dbg_possible = 0;
 430my $dbg_type = 0;
 431my $dbg_attr = 0;
 432for my $key (keys %debug) {
 433	## no critic
 434	eval "\${dbg_$key} = '$debug{$key}';";
 435	die "$@" if ($@);
 436}
 437
 438my $rpt_cleaners = 0;
 439
 440if ($terse) {
 441	$emacs = 1;
 442	$quiet++;
 443}
 444
 445if ($tree) {
 446	if (defined $root) {
 447		if (!top_of_kernel_tree($root)) {
 448			die "$P: $root: --root does not point at a valid tree\n";
 449		}
 450	} else {
 451		if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) {
 452			$root = '.';
 453		} elsif ($0 =~ m@(.*)/scripts/[^/]*$@ &&
 454						top_of_kernel_tree($1)) {
 455			$root = $1;
 456		}
 457	}
 458
 459	if (!defined $root) {
 460		print "Must be run from the top-level dir. of a kernel tree\n";
 461		exit(2);
 462	}
 463}
 464
 465my $emitted_corrupt = 0;
 466
 467our $Ident	= qr{
 468			[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*
 469			(?:\s*\#\#\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)*
 470		}x;
 471our $Storage	= qr{extern|static|asmlinkage};
 472our $Sparse	= qr{
 473			__user|
 474			__kernel|
 475			__force|
 476			__iomem|
 477			__must_check|
 478			__kprobes|
 479			__ref|
 480			__refconst|
 481			__refdata|
 482			__rcu|
 483			__private
 484		}x;
 485our $InitAttributePrefix = qr{__(?:mem|cpu|dev|net_|)};
 486our $InitAttributeData = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initdata\b)};
 487our $InitAttributeConst = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initconst\b)};
 488our $InitAttributeInit = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:init\b)};
 489our $InitAttribute = qr{$InitAttributeData|$InitAttributeConst|$InitAttributeInit};
 490
 491# Notes to $Attribute:
 492# We need \b after 'init' otherwise 'initconst' will cause a false positive in a check
 493our $Attribute	= qr{
 494			const|
 495			volatile|
 496			__percpu|
 497			__nocast|
 498			__safe|
 499			__bitwise|
 500			__packed__|
 501			__packed2__|
 502			__naked|
 503			__maybe_unused|
 504			__always_unused|
 505			__noreturn|
 506			__used|
 507			__cold|
 508			__pure|
 509			__noclone|
 510			__deprecated|
 511			__read_mostly|
 512			__ro_after_init|
 513			__kprobes|
 514			$InitAttribute|
 515			__aligned\s*\(.*\)|
 516			____cacheline_aligned|
 517			____cacheline_aligned_in_smp|
 518			____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp|
 519			__weak|
 520			__alloc_size\s*\(\s*\d+\s*(?:,\s*\d+\s*)?\)
 521		  }x;
 522our $Modifier;
 523our $Inline	= qr{inline|__always_inline|noinline|__inline|__inline__};
 524our $Member	= qr{->$Ident|\.$Ident|\[[^]]*\]};
 525our $Lval	= qr{$Ident(?:$Member)*};
 526
 527our $Int_type	= qr{(?i)llu|ull|ll|lu|ul|l|u};
 528our $Binary	= qr{(?i)0b[01]+$Int_type?};
 529our $Hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type?};
 530our $Int	= qr{[0-9]+$Int_type?};
 531our $Octal	= qr{0[0-7]+$Int_type?};
 532our $String	= qr{(?:\b[Lu])?"[X\t]*"};
 533our $Float_hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+p-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 534our $Float_dec	= qr{(?i)(?:[0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+)(?:e-?[0-9]+)?[fl]?};
 535our $Float_int	= qr{(?i)[0-9]+e-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 536our $Float	= qr{$Float_hex|$Float_dec|$Float_int};
 537our $Constant	= qr{$Float|$Binary|$Octal|$Hex|$Int};
 538our $Assignment	= qr{\*\=|/=|%=|\+=|-=|<<=|>>=|&=|\^=|\|=|=};
 539our $Compare    = qr{<=|>=|==|!=|<|(?<!-)>};
 540our $Arithmetic = qr{\+|-|\*|\/|%};
 541our $Operators	= qr{
 542			<=|>=|==|!=|
 543			=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|!|~|
 544			&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||$Arithmetic
 545		  }x;
 546
 547our $c90_Keywords = qr{do|for|while|if|else|return|goto|continue|switch|default|case|break}x;
 548
 549our $BasicType;
 550our $NonptrType;
 551our $NonptrTypeMisordered;
 552our $NonptrTypeWithAttr;
 553our $Type;
 554our $TypeMisordered;
 555our $Declare;
 556our $DeclareMisordered;
 557
 558our $NON_ASCII_UTF8	= qr{
 559	[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]               # non-overlong 2-byte
 560	|  \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding overlongs
 561	| [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # straight 3-byte
 562	|  \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding surrogates
 563	|  \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # planes 1-3
 564	| [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
 565	|  \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # plane 16
 566}x;
 567
 568our $UTF8	= qr{
 569	[\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]              # ASCII
 570	| $NON_ASCII_UTF8
 571}x;
 572
 573our $typeC99Typedefs = qr{(?:__)?(?:[us]_?)?int_?(?:8|16|32|64)_t};
 574our $typeOtherOSTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 575	u_(?:char|short|int|long) |          # bsd
 576	u(?:nchar|short|int|long)            # sysv
 577)};
 578our $typeKernelTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 579	(?:__)?(?:u|s|be|le)(?:8|16|32|64)|
 580	atomic_t
 581)};
 582our $typeStdioTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 583	FILE
 584)};
 585our $typeTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 586	$typeC99Typedefs\b|
 587	$typeOtherOSTypedefs\b|
 588	$typeKernelTypedefs\b|
 589	$typeStdioTypedefs\b
 590)};
 591
 592our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(?:0[xX])?0+$Int_type?|NULL|false)\b};
 593
 594our $logFunctions = qr{(?x:
 595	printk(?:_ratelimited|_once|_deferred_once|_deferred|)|
 596	(?:[a-z0-9]+_){1,2}(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(?:_ratelimited|_once|)|
 597	TP_printk|
 598	WARN(?:_RATELIMIT|_ONCE|)|
 599	panic|
 600	MODULE_[A-Z_]+|
 601	seq_vprintf|seq_printf|seq_puts
 602)};
 603
 604our $allocFunctions = qr{(?x:
 605	(?:(?:devm_)?
 606		(?:kv|k|v)[czm]alloc(?:_array)?(?:_node)? |
 607		kstrdup(?:_const)? |
 608		kmemdup(?:_nul)?) |
 609	(?:\w+)?alloc_skb(?:_ip_align)? |
 610				# dev_alloc_skb/netdev_alloc_skb, et al
 611	dma_alloc_coherent
 612)};
 613
 614our $signature_tags = qr{(?xi:
 615	Signed-off-by:|
 616	Co-developed-by:|
 617	Acked-by:|
 618	Tested-by:|
 619	Reviewed-by:|
 620	Reported-by:|
 621	Suggested-by:|
 622	To:|
 623	Cc:
 624)};
 625
 626our @link_tags = qw(Link Closes);
 627
 628#Create a search and print patterns for all these strings to be used directly below
 629our $link_tags_search = "";
 630our $link_tags_print = "";
 631foreach my $entry (@link_tags) {
 632	if ($link_tags_search ne "") {
 633		$link_tags_search .= '|';
 634		$link_tags_print .= ' or ';
 635	}
 636	$entry .= ':';
 637	$link_tags_search .= $entry;
 638	$link_tags_print .= "'$entry'";
 639}
 640$link_tags_search = "(?:${link_tags_search})";
 641
 642our $tracing_logging_tags = qr{(?xi:
 643	[=-]*> |
 644	<[=-]* |
 645	\[ |
 646	\] |
 647	start |
 648	called |
 649	entered |
 650	entry |
 651	enter |
 652	in |
 653	inside |
 654	here |
 655	begin |
 656	exit |
 657	end |
 658	done |
 659	leave |
 660	completed |
 661	out |
 662	return |
 663	[\.\!:\s]*
 664)};
 665
 666sub edit_distance_min {
 667	my (@arr) = @_;
 668	my $len = scalar @arr;
 669	if ((scalar @arr) < 1) {
 670		# if underflow, return
 671		return;
 672	}
 673	my $min = $arr[0];
 674	for my $i (0 .. ($len-1)) {
 675		if ($arr[$i] < $min) {
 676			$min = $arr[$i];
 677		}
 678	}
 679	return $min;
 680}
 681
 682sub get_edit_distance {
 683	my ($str1, $str2) = @_;
 684	$str1 = lc($str1);
 685	$str2 = lc($str2);
 686	$str1 =~ s/-//g;
 687	$str2 =~ s/-//g;
 688	my $len1 = length($str1);
 689	my $len2 = length($str2);
 690	# two dimensional array storing minimum edit distance
 691	my @distance;
 692	for my $i (0 .. $len1) {
 693		for my $j (0 .. $len2) {
 694			if ($i == 0) {
 695				$distance[$i][$j] = $j;
 696			} elsif ($j == 0) {
 697				$distance[$i][$j] = $i;
 698			} elsif (substr($str1, $i-1, 1) eq substr($str2, $j-1, 1)) {
 699				$distance[$i][$j] = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1];
 700			} else {
 701				my $dist1 = $distance[$i][$j - 1]; #insert distance
 702				my $dist2 = $distance[$i - 1][$j]; # remove
 703				my $dist3 = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1]; #replace
 704				$distance[$i][$j] = 1 + edit_distance_min($dist1, $dist2, $dist3);
 705			}
 706		}
 707	}
 708	return $distance[$len1][$len2];
 709}
 710
 711sub find_standard_signature {
 712	my ($sign_off) = @_;
 713	my @standard_signature_tags = (
 714		'Signed-off-by:', 'Co-developed-by:', 'Acked-by:', 'Tested-by:',
 715		'Reviewed-by:', 'Reported-by:', 'Suggested-by:'
 716	);
 717	foreach my $signature (@standard_signature_tags) {
 718		return $signature if (get_edit_distance($sign_off, $signature) <= 2);
 719	}
 720
 721	return "";
 722}
 723
 724our $obsolete_archives = qr{(?xi:
 725	\Qfreedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel\E |
 726	\Qlists.infradead.org\E |
 727	\Qlkml.org\E |
 728	\Qmail-archive.com\E |
 729	\Qmailman.alsa-project.org/pipermail\E |
 730	\Qmarc.info\E |
 731	\Qozlabs.org/pipermail\E |
 732	\Qspinics.net\E
 733)};
 734
 735our @typeListMisordered = (
 736	qr{char\s+(?:un)?signed},
 737	qr{int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s},
 738	qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 739	qr{short\s+int(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 740	qr{(?:un)?signed\s+int\s+short},
 741	qr{short\s+(?:un)?signed},
 742	qr{long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 743	qr{int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 744	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 745	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed\s+long},
 746	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 747	qr{int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 748	qr{long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 749	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 750	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 751	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 752);
 753
 754our @typeList = (
 755	qr{void},
 756	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?char},
 757	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s+int},
 758	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short},
 759	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int},
 760	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int},
 761	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int},
 762	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long},
 763	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long},
 764	qr{(?:un)?signed},
 765	qr{float},
 766	qr{double},
 767	qr{bool},
 768	qr{struct\s+$Ident},
 769	qr{union\s+$Ident},
 770	qr{enum\s+$Ident},
 771	qr{${Ident}_t},
 772	qr{${Ident}_handler},
 773	qr{${Ident}_handler_fn},
 774	@typeListMisordered,
 775);
 776
 777our $C90_int_types = qr{(?x:
 778	long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 779	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 780	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 781	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int|
 782	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 783	int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 784	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 785
 786	long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 787	long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 788	long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 789	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int|
 790	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 791	int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 792	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 793
 794	int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 795	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int
 796)};
 797
 798our @typeListFile = ();
 799our @typeListWithAttr = (
 800	@typeList,
 801	qr{struct\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 802	qr{union\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 803);
 804
 805our @modifierList = (
 806	qr{fastcall},
 807);
 808our @modifierListFile = ();
 809
 810our @mode_permission_funcs = (
 811	["module_param", 3],
 812	["module_param_(?:array|named|string)", 4],
 813	["module_param_array_named", 5],
 814	["debugfs_create_(?:file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2],
 815	["proc_create(?:_data|)", 2],
 816	["(?:CLASS|DEVICE|SENSOR|SENSOR_DEVICE|IIO_DEVICE)_ATTR", 2],
 817	["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1],
 818	["SENSOR_(?:DEVICE_|)ATTR_2", 2],
 819	["SENSOR_TEMPLATE(?:_2|)", 3],
 820	["__ATTR", 2],
 821);
 822
 823my $word_pattern = '\b[A-Z]?[a-z]{2,}\b';
 824
 825#Create a search pattern for all these functions to speed up a loop below
 826our $mode_perms_search = "";
 827foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
 828	$mode_perms_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_search ne "");
 829	$mode_perms_search .= $entry->[0];
 830}
 831$mode_perms_search = "(?:${mode_perms_search})";
 832
 833our %deprecated_apis = (
 834	"synchronize_rcu_bh"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 835	"synchronize_rcu_bh_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 836	"call_rcu_bh"				=> "call_rcu",
 837	"rcu_barrier_bh"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 838	"synchronize_sched"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 839	"synchronize_sched_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 840	"call_rcu_sched"			=> "call_rcu",
 841	"rcu_barrier_sched"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 842	"get_state_synchronize_sched"		=> "get_state_synchronize_rcu",
 843	"cond_synchronize_sched"		=> "cond_synchronize_rcu",
 844	"kmap"					=> "kmap_local_page",
 845	"kunmap"				=> "kunmap_local",
 846	"kmap_atomic"				=> "kmap_local_page",
 847	"kunmap_atomic"				=> "kunmap_local",
 848);
 849
 850#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 851our $deprecated_apis_search = "";
 852foreach my $entry (keys %deprecated_apis) {
 853	$deprecated_apis_search .= '|' if ($deprecated_apis_search ne "");
 854	$deprecated_apis_search .= $entry;
 855}
 856$deprecated_apis_search = "(?:${deprecated_apis_search})";
 857
 858our $mode_perms_world_writable = qr{
 859	S_IWUGO		|
 860	S_IWOTH		|
 861	S_IRWXUGO	|
 862	S_IALLUGO	|
 863	0[0-7][0-7][2367]
 864}x;
 865
 866our %mode_permission_string_types = (
 867	"S_IRWXU" => 0700,
 868	"S_IRUSR" => 0400,
 869	"S_IWUSR" => 0200,
 870	"S_IXUSR" => 0100,
 871	"S_IRWXG" => 0070,
 872	"S_IRGRP" => 0040,
 873	"S_IWGRP" => 0020,
 874	"S_IXGRP" => 0010,
 875	"S_IRWXO" => 0007,
 876	"S_IROTH" => 0004,
 877	"S_IWOTH" => 0002,
 878	"S_IXOTH" => 0001,
 879	"S_IRWXUGO" => 0777,
 880	"S_IRUGO" => 0444,
 881	"S_IWUGO" => 0222,
 882	"S_IXUGO" => 0111,
 883);
 884
 885#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 886our $mode_perms_string_search = "";
 887foreach my $entry (keys %mode_permission_string_types) {
 888	$mode_perms_string_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_string_search ne "");
 889	$mode_perms_string_search .= $entry;
 890}
 891our $single_mode_perms_string_search = "(?:${mode_perms_string_search})";
 892our $multi_mode_perms_string_search = qr{
 893	${single_mode_perms_string_search}
 894	(?:\s*\|\s*${single_mode_perms_string_search})*
 895}x;
 896
 897sub perms_to_octal {
 898	my ($string) = @_;
 899
 900	return trim($string) if ($string =~ /^\s*0[0-7]{3,3}\s*$/);
 901
 902	my $val = "";
 903	my $oval = "";
 904	my $to = 0;
 905	my $curpos = 0;
 906	my $lastpos = 0;
 907	while ($string =~ /\b(($single_mode_perms_string_search)\b(?:\s*\|\s*)?\s*)/g) {
 908		$curpos = pos($string);
 909		my $match = $2;
 910		my $omatch = $1;
 911		last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos));
 912		$lastpos = $curpos;
 913		$to |= $mode_permission_string_types{$match};
 914		$val .= '\s*\|\s*' if ($val ne "");
 915		$val .= $match;
 916		$oval .= $omatch;
 917	}
 918	$oval =~ s/^\s*\|\s*//;
 919	$oval =~ s/\s*\|\s*$//;
 920	return sprintf("%04o", $to);
 921}
 922
 923our $allowed_asm_includes = qr{(?x:
 924	irq|
 925	memory|
 926	time|
 927	reboot
 928)};
 929# memory.h: ARM has a custom one
 930
 931# Load common spelling mistakes and build regular expression list.
 932my $misspellings;
 933my %spelling_fix;
 934
 935if (open(my $spelling, '<', $spelling_file)) {
 936	while (<$spelling>) {
 937		my $line = $_;
 938
 939		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 940		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 941
 942		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 943		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 944
 945		my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/\|\|/, $line);
 946
 947		$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 948	}
 949	close($spelling);
 950} else {
 951	warn "No typos will be found - file '$spelling_file': $!\n";
 952}
 953
 954if ($codespell) {
 955	if (open(my $spelling, '<', $codespellfile)) {
 956		while (<$spelling>) {
 957			my $line = $_;
 958
 959			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 960			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 961
 962			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 963			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 964			next if ($line =~ m/, disabled/i);
 965
 966			$line =~ s/,.*$//;
 967
 968			my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/->/, $line);
 969
 970			$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 971		}
 972		close($spelling);
 973	} else {
 974		warn "No codespell typos will be found - file '$codespellfile': $!\n";
 975	}
 976}
 977
 978$misspellings = join("|", sort keys %spelling_fix) if keys %spelling_fix;
 979
 980sub read_words {
 981	my ($wordsRef, $file) = @_;
 982
 983	if (open(my $words, '<', $file)) {
 984		while (<$words>) {
 985			my $line = $_;
 986
 987			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 988			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 989
 990			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 991			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 992			if ($line =~ /\s/) {
 993				print("$file: '$line' invalid - ignored\n");
 994				next;
 995			}
 996
 997			$$wordsRef .= '|' if (defined $$wordsRef);
 998			$$wordsRef .= $line;
 999		}
1000		close($file);
1001		return 1;
1002	}
1003
1004	return 0;
1005}
1006
1007my $const_structs;
1008if (show_type("CONST_STRUCT")) {
1009	read_words(\$const_structs, $conststructsfile)
1010	    or warn "No structs that should be const will be found - file '$conststructsfile': $!\n";
1011}
1012
1013if (defined($typedefsfile)) {
1014	my $typeOtherTypedefs;
1015	read_words(\$typeOtherTypedefs, $typedefsfile)
1016	    or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n";
1017	$typeTypedefs .= '|' . $typeOtherTypedefs if (defined $typeOtherTypedefs);
1018}
1019
1020sub build_types {
1021	my $mods = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@modifierList, @modifierListFile)) . "\n)";
1022	my $all = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@typeList, @typeListFile)) . "\n)";
1023	my $Misordered = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListMisordered) . "\n)";
1024	my $allWithAttr = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListWithAttr) . "\n)";
1025	$Modifier	= qr{(?:$Attribute|$Sparse|$mods)};
1026	$BasicType	= qr{
1027				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1028				(?:${all}\b)
1029		}x;
1030	$NonptrType	= qr{
1031			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1032			(?:
1033				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1034				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1035				(?:${all}\b)
1036			)
1037			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1038		  }x;
1039	$NonptrTypeMisordered	= qr{
1040			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1041			(?:
1042				(?:${Misordered}\b)
1043			)
1044			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1045		  }x;
1046	$NonptrTypeWithAttr	= qr{
1047			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1048			(?:
1049				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1050				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1051				(?:${allWithAttr}\b)
1052			)
1053			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1054		  }x;
1055	$Type	= qr{
1056			$NonptrType
1057			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1058			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1059		  }x;
1060	$TypeMisordered	= qr{
1061			$NonptrTypeMisordered
1062			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1063			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1064		  }x;
1065	$Declare	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$Type};
1066	$DeclareMisordered	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$TypeMisordered};
1067}
1068build_types();
1069
1070our $Typecast	= qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*};
1071
1072# Using $balanced_parens, $LvalOrFunc, or $FuncArg
1073# requires at least perl version v5.10.0
1074# Any use must be runtime checked with $^V
1075
1076our $balanced_parens = qr/(\((?:[^\(\)]++|(?-1))*\))/;
1077our $LvalOrFunc	= qr{((?:[\&\*]\s*)?$Lval)\s*($balanced_parens{0,1})\s*};
1078our $FuncArg = qr{$Typecast{0,1}($LvalOrFunc|$Constant|$String)};
1079
1080our $declaration_macros = qr{(?x:
1081	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:[A-Z_][A-Z0-9]*_){0,2}(?:DEFINE|DECLARE)(?:_[A-Z0-9]+){1,6}\s*\(|
1082	(?:$Storage\s+)?[HLP]?LIST_HEAD\s*\(|
1083	(?:SKCIPHER_REQUEST|SHASH_DESC|AHASH_REQUEST)_ON_STACK\s*\(|
1084	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:XA_STATE|XA_STATE_ORDER)\s*\(
1085)};
1086
1087our %allow_repeated_words = (
1088	add => '',
1089	added => '',
1090	bad => '',
1091	be => '',
1092);
1093
1094sub deparenthesize {
1095	my ($string) = @_;
1096	return "" if (!defined($string));
1097
1098	while ($string =~ /^\s*\(.*\)\s*$/) {
1099		$string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@;
1100		$string =~ s@\s*\)\s*$@@;
1101	}
1102
1103	$string =~ s@\s+@ @g;
1104
1105	return $string;
1106}
1107
1108sub seed_camelcase_file {
1109	my ($file) = @_;
1110
1111	return if (!(-f $file));
1112
1113	local $/;
1114
1115	open(my $include_file, '<', "$file")
1116	    or warn "$P: Can't read '$file' $!\n";
1117	my $text = <$include_file>;
1118	close($include_file);
1119
1120	my @lines = split('\n', $text);
1121
1122	foreach my $line (@lines) {
1123		next if ($line !~ /(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])/);
1124		if ($line =~ /^[ \t]*(?:#[ \t]*define|typedef\s+$Type)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)/) {
1125			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1126		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*$Declare\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[\(\[,;]/) {
1127			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1128		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*(?:union|struct|enum)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[;\{]/) {
1129			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1130		}
1131	}
1132}
1133
1134our %maintained_status = ();
1135
1136sub is_maintained_obsolete {
1137	my ($filename) = @_;
1138
1139	return 0 if (!$tree || !(-e "$root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl"));
1140
1141	if (!exists($maintained_status{$filename})) {
1142		$maintained_status{$filename} = `perl $root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl --status --nom --nol --nogit --nogit-fallback -f $filename 2>&1`;
1143	}
1144
1145	return $maintained_status{$filename} =~ /obsolete/i;
1146}
1147
1148sub is_SPDX_License_valid {
1149	my ($license) = @_;
1150
1151	return 1 if (!$tree || which("python3") eq "" || !(-x "$root/scripts/spdxcheck.py") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1152
1153	my $root_path = abs_path($root);
1154	my $status = `cd "$root_path"; echo "$license" | scripts/spdxcheck.py -`;
1155	return 0 if ($status ne "");
1156	return 1;
1157}
1158
1159my $camelcase_seeded = 0;
1160sub seed_camelcase_includes {
1161	return if ($camelcase_seeded);
1162
1163	my $files;
1164	my $camelcase_cache = "";
1165	my @include_files = ();
1166
1167	$camelcase_seeded = 1;
1168
1169	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1170		my $git_last_include_commit = `${git_command} log --no-merges --pretty=format:"%h%n" -1 -- include`;
1171		chomp $git_last_include_commit;
1172		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.git.$git_last_include_commit";
1173	} else {
1174		my $last_mod_date = 0;
1175		$files = `find $root/include -name "*.h"`;
1176		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1177		foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1178			my $date = POSIX::strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M",
1179						   localtime((stat $file)[9]));
1180			$last_mod_date = $date if ($last_mod_date < $date);
1181		}
1182		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.date.$last_mod_date";
1183	}
1184
1185	if ($camelcase_cache ne "" && -f $camelcase_cache) {
1186		open(my $camelcase_file, '<', "$camelcase_cache")
1187		    or warn "$P: Can't read '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1188		while (<$camelcase_file>) {
1189			chomp;
1190			$camelcase{$_} = 1;
1191		}
1192		close($camelcase_file);
1193
1194		return;
1195	}
1196
1197	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1198		$files = `${git_command} ls-files "include/*.h"`;
1199		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1200	}
1201
1202	foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1203		seed_camelcase_file($file);
1204	}
1205
1206	if ($camelcase_cache ne "") {
1207		unlink glob ".checkpatch-camelcase.*";
1208		open(my $camelcase_file, '>', "$camelcase_cache")
1209		    or warn "$P: Can't write '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1210		foreach (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys(%camelcase)) {
1211			print $camelcase_file ("$_\n");
1212		}
1213		close($camelcase_file);
1214	}
1215}
1216
1217sub git_is_single_file {
1218	my ($filename) = @_;
1219
1220	return 0 if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1221
1222	my $output = `${git_command} ls-files -- $filename 2>/dev/null`;
1223	my $count = $output =~ tr/\n//;
1224	return $count eq 1 && $output =~ m{^${filename}$};
1225}
1226
1227sub git_commit_info {
1228	my ($commit, $id, $desc) = @_;
1229
1230	return ($id, $desc) if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1231
1232	my $output = `${git_command} log --no-color --format='%H %s' -1 $commit 2>&1`;
1233	$output =~ s/^\s*//gm;
1234	my @lines = split("\n", $output);
1235
1236	return ($id, $desc) if ($#lines < 0);
1237
1238	if ($lines[0] =~ /^error: short SHA1 $commit is ambiguous/) {
1239# Maybe one day convert this block of bash into something that returns
1240# all matching commit ids, but it's very slow...
1241#
1242#		echo "checking commits $1..."
1243#		git rev-list --remotes | grep -i "^$1" |
1244#		while read line ; do
1245#		    git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line |
1246#		    echo "commit $(cut -c 1-12,41-)"
1247#		done
1248	} elsif ($lines[0] =~ /^fatal: ambiguous argument '$commit': unknown revision or path not in the working tree\./ ||
1249		 $lines[0] =~ /^fatal: bad object $commit/) {
1250		$id = undef;
1251	} else {
1252		$id = substr($lines[0], 0, 12);
1253		$desc = substr($lines[0], 41);
1254	}
1255
1256	return ($id, $desc);
1257}
1258
1259$chk_signoff = 0 if ($file);
1260
1261my @rawlines = ();
1262my @lines = ();
1263my @fixed = ();
1264my @fixed_inserted = ();
1265my @fixed_deleted = ();
1266my $fixlinenr = -1;
1267
1268# If input is git commits, extract all commits from the commit expressions.
1269# For example, HEAD-3 means we need check 'HEAD, HEAD~1, HEAD~2'.
1270die "$P: No git repository found\n" if ($git && !-e "$gitroot");
1271
1272if ($git) {
1273	my @commits = ();
1274	foreach my $commit_expr (@ARGV) {
1275		my $git_range;
1276		if ($commit_expr =~ m/^(.*)-(\d+)$/) {
1277			$git_range = "-$2 $1";
1278		} elsif ($commit_expr =~ m/\.\./) {
1279			$git_range = "$commit_expr";
1280		} else {
1281			$git_range = "-1 $commit_expr";
1282		}
1283		my $lines = `${git_command} log --no-color --no-merges --pretty=format:'%H %s' $git_range`;
1284		foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) {
1285			$line =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]{40,40}) (.*)$/;
1286			next if (!defined($1) || !defined($2));
1287			my $sha1 = $1;
1288			my $subject = $2;
1289			unshift(@commits, $sha1);
1290			$git_commits{$sha1} = $subject;
1291		}
1292	}
1293	die "$P: no git commits after extraction!\n" if (@commits == 0);
1294	@ARGV = @commits;
1295}
1296
1297my $vname;
1298$allow_c99_comments = !defined $ignore_type{"C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE"};
1299for my $filename (@ARGV) {
1300	my $FILE;
1301	my $is_git_file = git_is_single_file($filename);
1302	my $oldfile = $file;
1303	$file = 1 if ($is_git_file);
1304	if ($git) {
1305		open($FILE, '-|', "git format-patch -M --stdout -1 $filename") ||
1306			die "$P: $filename: git format-patch failed - $!\n";
1307	} elsif ($file) {
1308		open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") ||
1309			die "$P: $filename: diff failed - $!\n";
1310	} elsif ($filename eq '-') {
1311		open($FILE, '<&STDIN');
1312	} else {
1313		open($FILE, '<', "$filename") ||
1314			die "$P: $filename: open failed - $!\n";
1315	}
1316	if ($filename eq '-') {
1317		$vname = 'Your patch';
1318	} elsif ($git) {
1319		$vname = "Commit " . substr($filename, 0, 12) . ' ("' . $git_commits{$filename} . '")';
1320	} else {
1321		$vname = $filename;
1322	}
1323	while (<$FILE>) {
1324		chomp;
1325		push(@rawlines, $_);
1326		$vname = qq("$1") if ($filename eq '-' && $_ =~ m/^Subject:\s+(.+)/i);
1327	}
1328	close($FILE);
1329
1330	if ($#ARGV > 0 && $quiet == 0) {
1331		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1332		print "$vname\n";
1333		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1334	}
1335
1336	if (!process($filename)) {
1337		$exit = 1;
1338	}
1339	@rawlines = ();
1340	@lines = ();
1341	@fixed = ();
1342	@fixed_inserted = ();
1343	@fixed_deleted = ();
1344	$fixlinenr = -1;
1345	@modifierListFile = ();
1346	@typeListFile = ();
1347	build_types();
1348	$file = $oldfile if ($is_git_file);
1349}
1350
1351if (!$quiet) {
1352	hash_show_words(\%use_type, "Used");
1353	hash_show_words(\%ignore_type, "Ignored");
1354
1355	if (!$perl_version_ok) {
1356		print << "EOM"
1357
1358NOTE: perl $^V is not modern enough to detect all possible issues.
1359      An upgrade to at least perl $minimum_perl_version is suggested.
1360EOM
1361	}
1362	if ($exit) {
1363		print << "EOM"
1364
1365NOTE: If any of the errors are false positives, please report
1366      them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS.
1367EOM
1368	}
1369}
1370
1371exit($exit);
1372
1373sub top_of_kernel_tree {
1374	my ($root) = @_;
1375
1376	my @tree_check = (
1377		"COPYING", "CREDITS", "Kbuild", "MAINTAINERS", "Makefile",
1378		"README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers",
1379		"fs", "init", "ipc", "kernel", "lib", "scripts",
1380	);
1381
1382	foreach my $check (@tree_check) {
1383		if (! -e $root . '/' . $check) {
1384			return 0;
1385		}
1386	}
1387	return 1;
1388}
1389
1390sub parse_email {
1391	my ($formatted_email) = @_;
1392
1393	my $name = "";
1394	my $quoted = "";
1395	my $name_comment = "";
1396	my $address = "";
1397	my $comment = "";
1398
1399	if ($formatted_email =~ /^(.*)<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1400		$name = $1;
1401		$address = $2;
1402		$comment = $3 if defined $3;
1403	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^\s*<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1404		$address = $1;
1405		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1406	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /(\S+\@\S+)(.*)$/) {
1407		$address = $1;
1408		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1409		$formatted_email =~ s/\Q$address\E.*$//;
1410		$name = $formatted_email;
1411		$name = trim($name);
1412		$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
1413		# If there's a name left after stripping spaces and
1414		# leading quotes, and the address doesn't have both
1415		# leading and trailing angle brackets, the address
1416		# is invalid. ie:
1417		#   "joe smith joe@smith.com" bad
1418		#   "joe smith <joe@smith.com" bad
1419		if ($name ne "" && $address !~ /^<[^>]+>$/) {
1420			$name = "";
1421			$address = "";
1422			$comment = "";
1423		}
1424	}
1425
1426	# Extract comments from names excluding quoted parts
1427	# "John D. (Doe)" - Do not extract
1428	if ($name =~ s/\"(.+)\"//) {
1429		$quoted = $1;
1430	}
1431	while ($name =~ s/\s*($balanced_parens)\s*/ /) {
1432		$name_comment .= trim($1);
1433	}
1434	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1435	$name = trim("$quoted $name");
1436
1437	$address = trim($address);
1438	$address =~ s/^\<|\>$//g;
1439	$comment = trim($comment);
1440
1441	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1442		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1443		$name = "\"$name\"";
1444	}
1445
1446	return ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment);
1447}
1448
1449sub format_email {
1450	my ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment) = @_;
1451
1452	my $formatted_email;
1453
1454	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1455	$address = trim($address);
1456	$address =~ s/(?:\.|\,|\")+$//; ##trailing commas, dots or quotes
1457
1458	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1459		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1460		$name = "\"$name\"";
1461	}
1462
1463	$name_comment = trim($name_comment);
1464	$name_comment = " $name_comment" if ($name_comment ne "");
1465	$comment = trim($comment);
1466	$comment = " $comment" if ($comment ne "");
1467
1468	if ("$name" eq "") {
1469		$formatted_email = "$address";
1470	} else {
1471		$formatted_email = "$name$name_comment <$address>";
1472	}
1473	$formatted_email .= "$comment";
1474	return $formatted_email;
1475}
1476
1477sub reformat_email {
1478	my ($email) = @_;
1479
1480	my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
1481	return format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment);
1482}
1483
1484sub same_email_addresses {
1485	my ($email1, $email2) = @_;
1486
1487	my ($email1_name, $name1_comment, $email1_address, $comment1) = parse_email($email1);
1488	my ($email2_name, $name2_comment, $email2_address, $comment2) = parse_email($email2);
1489
1490	return $email1_name eq $email2_name &&
1491	       $email1_address eq $email2_address &&
1492	       $name1_comment eq $name2_comment &&
1493	       $comment1 eq $comment2;
1494}
1495
1496sub which {
1497	my ($bin) = @_;
1498
1499	foreach my $path (split(/:/, $ENV{PATH})) {
1500		if (-e "$path/$bin") {
1501			return "$path/$bin";
1502		}
1503	}
1504
1505	return "";
1506}
1507
1508sub which_conf {
1509	my ($conf) = @_;
1510
1511	foreach my $path (split(/:/, ".:$ENV{HOME}:.scripts")) {
1512		if (-e "$path/$conf") {
1513			return "$path/$conf";
1514		}
1515	}
1516
1517	return "";
1518}
1519
1520sub expand_tabs {
1521	my ($str) = @_;
1522
1523	my $res = '';
1524	my $n = 0;
1525	for my $c (split(//, $str)) {
1526		if ($c eq "\t") {
1527			$res .= ' ';
1528			$n++;
1529			for (; ($n % $tabsize) != 0; $n++) {
1530				$res .= ' ';
1531			}
1532			next;
1533		}
1534		$res .= $c;
1535		$n++;
1536	}
1537
1538	return $res;
1539}
1540sub copy_spacing {
1541	(my $res = shift) =~ tr/\t/ /c;
1542	return $res;
1543}
1544
1545sub line_stats {
1546	my ($line) = @_;
1547
1548	# Drop the diff line leader and expand tabs
1549	$line =~ s/^.//;
1550	$line = expand_tabs($line);
1551
1552	# Pick the indent from the front of the line.
1553	my ($white) = ($line =~ /^(\s*)/);
1554
1555	return (length($line), length($white));
1556}
1557
1558my $sanitise_quote = '';
1559
1560sub sanitise_line_reset {
1561	my ($in_comment) = @_;
1562
1563	if ($in_comment) {
1564		$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1565	} else {
1566		$sanitise_quote = '';
1567	}
1568}
1569sub sanitise_line {
1570	my ($line) = @_;
1571
1572	my $res = '';
1573	my $l = '';
1574
1575	my $qlen = 0;
1576	my $off = 0;
1577	my $c;
1578
1579	# Always copy over the diff marker.
1580	$res = substr($line, 0, 1);
1581
1582	for ($off = 1; $off < length($line); $off++) {
1583		$c = substr($line, $off, 1);
1584
1585		# Comments we are whacking completely including the begin
1586		# and end, all to $;.
1587		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '/*') {
1588			$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1589
1590			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1591			$off++;
1592			next;
1593		}
1594		if ($sanitise_quote eq '*/' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '*/') {
1595			$sanitise_quote = '';
1596			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1597			$off++;
1598			next;
1599		}
1600		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '//') {
1601			$sanitise_quote = '//';
1602
1603			substr($res, $off, 2, $sanitise_quote);
1604			$off++;
1605			next;
1606		}
1607
1608		# A \ in a string means ignore the next character.
1609		if (($sanitise_quote eq "'" || $sanitise_quote eq '"') &&
1610		    $c eq "\\") {
1611			substr($res, $off, 2, 'XX');
1612			$off++;
1613			next;
1614		}
1615		# Regular quotes.
1616		if ($c eq "'" || $c eq '"') {
1617			if ($sanitise_quote eq '') {
1618				$sanitise_quote = $c;
1619
1620				substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1621				next;
1622			} elsif ($sanitise_quote eq $c) {
1623				$sanitise_quote = '';
1624			}
1625		}
1626
1627		#print "c<$c> SQ<$sanitise_quote>\n";
1628		if ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '*/' && $c ne "\t") {
1629			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1630		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '//' && $c ne "\t") {
1631			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1632		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote && $c ne "\t") {
1633			substr($res, $off, 1, 'X');
1634		} else {
1635			substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1636		}
1637	}
1638
1639	if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') {
1640		$sanitise_quote = '';
1641	}
1642
1643	# The pathname on a #include may be surrounded by '<' and '>'.
1644	if ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*include\s+\<(.*)\>/) {
1645		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1646		$res =~ s@\<.*\>@<$clean>@;
1647
1648	# The whole of a #error is a string.
1649	} elsif ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+(.*)\b/) {
1650		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1651		$res =~ s@(\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+).*@$1$clean@;
1652	}
1653
1654	if ($allow_c99_comments && $res =~ m@(//.*$)@) {
1655		my $match = $1;
1656		$res =~ s/\Q$match\E/"$;" x length($match)/e;
1657	}
1658
1659	return $res;
1660}
1661
1662sub get_quoted_string {
1663	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
1664
1665	return "" if (!defined($line) || !defined($rawline));
1666	return "" if ($line !~ m/($String)/g);
1667	return substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
1668}
1669
1670sub ctx_statement_block {
1671	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1672	my $line = $linenr - 1;
1673	my $blk = '';
1674	my $soff = $off;
1675	my $coff = $off - 1;
1676	my $coff_set = 0;
1677
1678	my $loff = 0;
1679
1680	my $type = '';
1681	my $level = 0;
1682	my @stack = ();
1683	my $p;
1684	my $c;
1685	my $len = 0;
1686
1687	my $remainder;
1688	while (1) {
1689		@stack = (['', 0]) if ($#stack == -1);
1690
1691		#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> remain<$remain>\n";
1692		# If we are about to drop off the end, pull in more
1693		# context.
1694		if ($off >= $len) {
1695			for (; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1696				last if (!defined $lines[$line]);
1697				next if ($lines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1698				$remain--;
1699				$loff = $len;
1700				$blk .= $lines[$line] . "\n";
1701				$len = length($blk);
1702				$line++;
1703				last;
1704			}
1705			# Bail if there is no further context.
1706			#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> off<$off> len<$len>\n";
1707			if ($off >= $len) {
1708				last;
1709			}
1710			if ($level == 0 && substr($blk, $off) =~ /^.\s*#\s*define/) {
1711				$level++;
1712				$type = '#';
1713			}
1714		}
1715		$p = $c;
1716		$c = substr($blk, $off, 1);
1717		$remainder = substr($blk, $off);
1718
1719		#warn "CSB: c<$c> type<$type> level<$level> remainder<$remainder> coff_set<$coff_set>\n";
1720
1721		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1722		if ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1723			push(@stack, [ $type, $level ]);
1724		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1725			($type, $level) = @{$stack[$#stack - 1]};
1726		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*endif\b/) {
1727			($type, $level) = @{pop(@stack)};
1728		}
1729
1730		# Statement ends at the ';' or a close '}' at the
1731		# outermost level.
1732		if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') {
1733			last;
1734		}
1735
1736		# An else is really a conditional as long as its not else if
1737		if ($level == 0 && $coff_set == 0 &&
1738				(!defined($p) || $p =~ /(?:\s|\}|\+)/) &&
1739				$remainder =~ /^(else)(?:\s|{)/ &&
1740				$remainder !~ /^else\s+if\b/) {
1741			$coff = $off + length($1) - 1;
1742			$coff_set = 1;
1743			#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff> soff<$soff> 1<$1>\n";
1744			#warn "[" . substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1) . "]\n";
1745		}
1746
1747		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '(') && $c eq '(') {
1748			$level++;
1749			$type = '(';
1750		}
1751		if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') {
1752			$level--;
1753			$type = ($level != 0)? '(' : '';
1754
1755			if ($level == 0 && $coff < $soff) {
1756				$coff = $off;
1757				$coff_set = 1;
1758				#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff>\n";
1759			}
1760		}
1761		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '{') && $c eq '{') {
1762			$level++;
1763			$type = '{';
1764		}
1765		if ($type eq '{' && $c eq '}') {
1766			$level--;
1767			$type = ($level != 0)? '{' : '';
1768
1769			if ($level == 0) {
1770				if (substr($blk, $off + 1, 1) eq ';') {
1771					$off++;
1772				}
1773				last;
1774			}
1775		}
1776		# Preprocessor commands end at the newline unless escaped.
1777		if ($type eq '#' && $c eq "\n" && $p ne "\\") {
1778			$level--;
1779			$type = '';
1780			$off++;
1781			last;
1782		}
1783		$off++;
1784	}
1785	# We are truly at the end, so shuffle to the next line.
1786	if ($off == $len) {
1787		$loff = $len + 1;
1788		$line++;
1789		$remain--;
1790	}
1791
1792	my $statement = substr($blk, $soff, $off - $soff + 1);
1793	my $condition = substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1);
1794
1795	#warn "STATEMENT<$statement>\n";
1796	#warn "CONDITION<$condition>\n";
1797
1798	#print "coff<$coff> soff<$off> loff<$loff>\n";
1799
1800	return ($statement, $condition,
1801			$line, $remain + 1, $off - $loff + 1, $level);
1802}
1803
1804sub statement_lines {
1805	my ($stmt) = @_;
1806
1807	# Strip the diff line prefixes and rip blank lines at start and end.
1808	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1809	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1810	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1811
1812	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1813
1814	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1815}
1816
1817sub statement_rawlines {
1818	my ($stmt) = @_;
1819
1820	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1821
1822	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1823}
1824
1825sub statement_block_size {
1826	my ($stmt) = @_;
1827
1828	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1829	$stmt =~ s/^\s*{//;
1830	$stmt =~ s/}\s*$//;
1831	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1832	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1833
1834	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1835	my @stmt_statements = ($stmt =~ /;/g);
1836
1837	my $stmt_lines = $#stmt_lines + 2;
1838	my $stmt_statements = $#stmt_statements + 1;
1839
1840	if ($stmt_lines > $stmt_statements) {
1841		return $stmt_lines;
1842	} else {
1843		return $stmt_statements;
1844	}
1845}
1846
1847sub ctx_statement_full {
1848	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1849	my ($statement, $condition, $level);
1850
1851	my (@chunks);
1852
1853	# Grab the first conditional/block pair.
1854	($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1855				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1856	#print "F: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1857	push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1858	if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^\s*(?:\n[+-])?\s*(?:if|else|do)\b/s)) {
1859		return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1860	}
1861
1862	# Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they
1863	# could continue the statement.
1864	for (;;) {
1865		($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1866				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1867		#print "C: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1868		last if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^(?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*(?:else|do)\b/s));
1869		#print "C: push\n";
1870		push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1871	}
1872
1873	return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1874}
1875
1876sub ctx_block_get {
1877	my ($linenr, $remain, $outer, $open, $close, $off) = @_;
1878	my $line;
1879	my $start = $linenr - 1;
1880	my $blk = '';
1881	my @o;
1882	my @c;
1883	my @res = ();
1884
1885	my $level = 0;
1886	my @stack = ($level);
1887	for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1888		next if ($rawlines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1889		$remain--;
1890
1891		$blk .= $rawlines[$line];
1892
1893		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1894		if ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1895			push(@stack, $level);
1896		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1897			$level = $stack[$#stack - 1];
1898		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*endif\b/) {
1899			$level = pop(@stack);
1900		}
1901
1902		foreach my $c (split(//, $lines[$line])) {
1903			##print "C<$c>L<$level><$open$close>O<$off>\n";
1904			if ($off > 0) {
1905				$off--;
1906				next;
1907			}
1908
1909			if ($c eq $close && $level > 0) {
1910				$level--;
1911				last if ($level == 0);
1912			} elsif ($c eq $open) {
1913				$level++;
1914			}
1915		}
1916
1917		if (!$outer || $level <= 1) {
1918			push(@res, $rawlines[$line]);
1919		}
1920
1921		last if ($level == 0);
1922	}
1923
1924	return ($level, @res);
1925}
1926sub ctx_block_outer {
1927	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1928
1929	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 1, '{', '}', 0);
1930	return @r;
1931}
1932sub ctx_block {
1933	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1934
1935	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1936	return @r;
1937}
1938sub ctx_statement {
1939	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1940
1941	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1942	return @r;
1943}
1944sub ctx_block_level {
1945	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1946
1947	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1948}
1949sub ctx_statement_level {
1950	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1951
1952	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1953}
1954
1955sub ctx_locate_comment {
1956	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
1957
1958	# If c99 comment on the current line, or the line before or after
1959	my ($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@^\+.*(//.*$)@);
1960	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1961	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 2] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1962	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1963	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1964	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1965
1966	# Catch a comment on the end of the line itself.
1967	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@.*(/\*.*\*/)\s*(?:\\\s*)?$@);
1968	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1969
1970	# Look through the context and try and figure out if there is a
1971	# comment.
1972	my $in_comment = 0;
1973	$current_comment = '';
1974	for (my $linenr = $first_line; $linenr < $end_line; $linenr++) {
1975		my $line = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
1976		#warn "           $line\n";
1977		if ($linenr == $first_line and $line =~ m@^.\s*\*@) {
1978			$in_comment = 1;
1979		}
1980		if ($line =~ m@/\*@) {
1981			$in_comment = 1;
1982		}
1983		if (!$in_comment && $current_comment ne '') {
1984			$current_comment = '';
1985		}
1986		$current_comment .= $line . "\n" if ($in_comment);
1987		if ($line =~ m@\*/@) {
1988			$in_comment = 0;
1989		}
1990	}
1991
1992	chomp($current_comment);
1993	return($current_comment);
1994}
1995sub ctx_has_comment {
1996	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
1997	my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line);
1998
1999	##print "LINE: $rawlines[$end_line - 1 ]\n";
2000	##print "CMMT: $cmt\n";
2001
2002	return ($cmt ne '');
2003}
2004
2005sub raw_line {
2006	my ($linenr, $cnt) = @_;
2007
2008	my $offset = $linenr - 1;
2009	$cnt++;
2010
2011	my $line;
2012	while ($cnt) {
2013		$line = $rawlines[$offset++];
2014		next if (defined($line) && $line =~ /^-/);
2015		$cnt--;
2016	}
2017
2018	return $line;
2019}
2020
2021sub get_stat_real {
2022	my ($linenr, $lc) = @_;
2023
2024	my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, 0);
2025	for (my $count = $linenr + 1; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
2026		$stat_real = $stat_real . "\n" . raw_line($count, 0);
2027	}
2028
2029	return $stat_real;
2030}
2031
2032sub get_stat_here {
2033	my ($linenr, $cnt, $here) = @_;
2034
2035	my $herectx = $here . "\n";
2036	for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
2037		$herectx .= raw_line($linenr, $n) . "\n";
2038	}
2039
2040	return $herectx;
2041}
2042
2043sub cat_vet {
2044	my ($vet) = @_;
2045	my ($res, $coded);
2046
2047	$res = '';
2048	while ($vet =~ /([^[:cntrl:]]*)([[:cntrl:]]|$)/g) {
2049		$res .= $1;
2050		if ($2 ne '') {
2051			$coded = sprintf("^%c", unpack('C', $2) + 64);
2052			$res .= $coded;
2053		}
2054	}
2055	$res =~ s/$/\$/;
2056
2057	return $res;
2058}
2059
2060my $av_preprocessor = 0;
2061my $av_pending;
2062my @av_paren_type;
2063my $av_pend_colon;
2064
2065sub annotate_reset {
2066	$av_preprocessor = 0;
2067	$av_pending = '_';
2068	@av_paren_type = ('E');
2069	$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2070}
2071
2072sub annotate_values {
2073	my ($stream, $type) = @_;
2074
2075	my $res;
2076	my $var = '_' x length($stream);
2077	my $cur = $stream;
2078
2079	print "$stream\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2080
2081	while (length($cur)) {
2082		@av_paren_type = ('E') if ($#av_paren_type < 0);
2083		print " <" . join('', @av_paren_type) .
2084				"> <$type> <$av_pending>" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2085		if ($cur =~ /^(\s+)/o) {
2086			print "WS($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2087			if ($1 =~ /\n/ && $av_preprocessor) {
2088				$type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2089				$av_preprocessor = 0;
2090			}
2091
2092		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\(\s*$Type\s*)\)/ && $av_pending eq '_') {
2093			print "CAST($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2094			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2095			$type = 'c';
2096
2097		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Type)\s*(?:$Ident|,|\)|\(|\s*$)/) {
2098			print "DECLARE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2099			$type = 'T';
2100
2101		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Modifier)\s*/) {
2102			print "MODIFIER($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2103			$type = 'T';
2104
2105		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*define\s*$Ident)(\(?)/o) {
2106			print "DEFINE($1,$2)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2107			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2108			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2109			if ($2 ne '') {
2110				$av_pending = 'N';
2111			}
2112			$type = 'E';
2113
2114		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:undef\s*$Ident|include\b))/o) {
2115			print "UNDEF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2116			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2117			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2118
2119		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:ifdef|ifndef|if))/o) {
2120			print "PRE_START($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2121			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2122
2123			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2124			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2125			$type = 'E';
2126
2127		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:else|elif))/o) {
2128			print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2129			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2130
2131			push(@av_paren_type, $av_paren_type[$#av_paren_type]);
2132
2133			$type = 'E';
2134
2135		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:endif))/o) {
2136			print "PRE_END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2137
2138			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2139
2140			# Assume all arms of the conditional end as this
2141			# one does, and continue as if the #endif was not here.
2142			pop(@av_paren_type);
2143			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2144			$type = 'E';
2145
2146		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\\\n)/o) {
2147			print "PRECONT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2148
2149		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(__attribute__)\s*\(?/o) {
2150			print "ATTR($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2151			$av_pending = $type;
2152			$type = 'N';
2153
2154		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(sizeof)\s*(\()?/o) {
2155			print "SIZEOF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2156			if (defined $2) {
2157				$av_pending = 'V';
2158			}
2159			$type = 'N';
2160
2161		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(if|while|for)\b/o) {
2162			print "COND($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2163			$av_pending = 'E';
2164			$type = 'N';
2165
2166		} elsif ($cur =~/^(case)/o) {
2167			print "CASE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2168			$av_pend_colon = 'C';
2169			$type = 'N';
2170
2171		} elsif ($cur =~/^(return|else|goto|typeof|__typeof__)\b/o) {
2172			print "KEYWORD($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2173			$type = 'N';
2174
2175		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) {
2176			print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2177			push(@av_paren_type, $av_pending);
2178			$av_pending = '_';
2179			$type = 'N';
2180
2181		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\))/o) {
2182			my $new_type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2183			if ($new_type ne '_') {
2184				$type = $new_type;
2185				print "PAREN('$1') -> $type\n"
2186							if ($dbg_values > 1);
2187			} else {
2188				print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2189			}
2190
2191		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident)\s*\(/o) {
2192			print "FUNC($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2193			$type = 'V';
2194			$av_pending = 'V';
2195
2196		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident\s*):(?:\s*\d+\s*(,|=|;))?/) {
2197			if (defined $2 && $type eq 'C' || $type eq 'T') {
2198				$av_pend_colon = 'B';
2199			} elsif ($type eq 'E') {
2200				$av_pend_colon = 'L';
2201			}
2202			print "IDENT_COLON($1,$type>$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2203			$type = 'V';
2204
2205		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident|$Constant)/o) {
2206			print "IDENT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2207			$type = 'V';
2208
2209		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) {
2210			print "ASSIGN($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2211			$type = 'N';
2212
2213		} elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) {
2214			print "END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2215			$type = 'E';
2216			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2217
2218		} elsif ($cur =~/^(,)/) {
2219			print "COMMA($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2220			$type = 'C';
2221
2222		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\?)/o) {
2223			print "QUESTION($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2224			$type = 'N';
2225
2226		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(:)/o) {
2227			print "COLON($1,$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2228
2229			substr($var, length($res), 1, $av_pend_colon);
2230			if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') {
2231				$type = 'E';
2232			} else {
2233				$type = 'N';
2234			}
2235			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2236
2237		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\[)/o) {
2238			print "CLOSE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2239			$type = 'N';
2240
2241		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(-(?![->])|\+(?!\+)|\*|\&\&|\&)/o) {
2242			my $variant;
2243
2244			print "OPV($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2245			if ($type eq 'V') {
2246				$variant = 'B';
2247			} else {
2248				$variant = 'U';
2249			}
2250
2251			substr($var, length($res), 1, $variant);
2252			$type = 'N';
2253
2254		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Operators)/o) {
2255			print "OP($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2256			if ($1 ne '++' && $1 ne '--') {
2257				$type = 'N';
2258			}
2259
2260		} elsif ($cur =~ /(^.)/o) {
2261			print "C($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2262		}
2263		if (defined $1) {
2264			$cur = substr($cur, length($1));
2265			$res .= $type x length($1);
2266		}
2267	}
2268
2269	return ($res, $var);
2270}
2271
2272sub possible {
2273	my ($possible, $line) = @_;
2274	my $notPermitted = qr{(?:
2275		^(?:
2276			$Modifier|
2277			$Storage|
2278			$Type|
2279			DEFINE_\S+
2280		)$|
2281		^(?:
2282			goto|
2283			return|
2284			case|
2285			else|
2286			asm|__asm__|
2287			do|
2288			\#|
2289			\#\#|
2290		)(?:\s|$)|
2291		^(?:typedef|struct|enum)\b
2292	    )}x;
2293	warn "CHECK<$possible> ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 2);
2294	if ($possible !~ $notPermitted) {
2295		# Check for modifiers.
2296		$possible =~ s/\s*$Storage\s*//g;
2297		$possible =~ s/\s*$Sparse\s*//g;
2298		if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) {
2299
2300		} elsif ($possible =~ /\s/) {
2301			$possible =~ s/\s*$Type\s*//g;
2302			for my $modifier (split(' ', $possible)) {
2303				if ($modifier !~ $notPermitted) {
2304					warn "MODIFIER: $modifier ($possible) ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2305					push(@modifierListFile, $modifier);
2306				}
2307			}
2308
2309		} else {
2310			warn "POSSIBLE: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2311			push(@typeListFile, $possible);
2312		}
2313		build_types();
2314	} else {
2315		warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1);
2316	}
2317}
2318
2319my $prefix = '';
2320
2321sub show_type {
2322	my ($type) = @_;
2323
2324	$type =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
2325
2326	return defined $use_type{$type} if (scalar keys %use_type > 0);
2327
2328	return !defined $ignore_type{$type};
2329}
2330
2331sub report {
2332	my ($level, $type, $msg) = @_;
2333
2334	if (!show_type($type) ||
2335	    (defined $tst_only && $msg !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/)) {
2336		return 0;
2337	}
2338	my $output = '';
2339	if ($color) {
2340		if ($level eq 'ERROR') {
2341			$output .= RED;
2342		} elsif ($level eq 'WARNING') {
2343			$output .= YELLOW;
2344		} else {
2345			$output .= GREEN;
2346		}
2347	}
2348	$output .= $prefix . $level . ':';
2349	if ($show_types) {
2350		$output .= BLUE if ($color);
2351		$output .= "$type:";
2352	}
2353	$output .= RESET if ($color);
2354	$output .= ' ' . $msg . "\n";
2355
2356	if ($showfile) {
2357		my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1);
2358		splice(@lines, 1, 1);
2359		$output = join("\n", @lines);
2360	}
2361
2362	if ($terse) {
2363		$output = (split('\n', $output))[0] . "\n";
2364	}
2365
2366	if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$type}) &&
2367	    !exists($verbose_emitted{$type})) {
2368		$output .= $verbose_messages{$type} . "\n\n";
2369		$verbose_emitted{$type} = 1;
2370	}
2371
2372	push(our @report, $output);
2373
2374	return 1;
2375}
2376
2377sub report_dump {
2378	our @report;
2379}
2380
2381sub fixup_current_range {
2382	my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_;
2383
2384	if ($$lineRef =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+(\d+),(\d+) \@\@/) {
2385		my $o = $1;
2386		my $l = $2;
2387		my $no = $o + $offset;
2388		my $nl = $l + $length;
2389		$$lineRef =~ s/\+$o,$l \@\@/\+$no,$nl \@\@/;
2390	}
2391}
2392
2393sub fix_inserted_deleted_lines {
2394	my ($linesRef, $insertedRef, $deletedRef) = @_;
2395
2396	my $range_last_linenr = 0;
2397	my $delta_offset = 0;
2398
2399	my $old_linenr = 0;
2400	my $new_linenr = 0;
2401
2402	my $next_insert = 0;
2403	my $next_delete = 0;
2404
2405	my @lines = ();
2406
2407	my $inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2408	my $deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2409
2410	foreach my $old_line (@{$linesRef}) {
2411		my $save_line = 1;
2412		my $line = $old_line;	#don't modify the array
2413		if ($line =~ /^(?:\+\+\+|\-\-\-)\s+\S+/) {	#new filename
2414			$delta_offset = 0;
2415		} elsif ($line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/) {	#new hunk
2416			$range_last_linenr = $new_linenr;
2417			fixup_current_range(\$line, $delta_offset, 0);
2418		}
2419
2420		while (defined($deleted) && ${$deleted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2421			$deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2422			$save_line = 0;
2423			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset--, -1);
2424		}
2425
2426		while (defined($inserted) && ${$inserted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2427			push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'});
2428			$inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2429			$new_linenr++;
2430			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1);
2431		}
2432
2433		if ($save_line) {
2434			push(@lines, $line);
2435			$new_linenr++;
2436		}
2437
2438		$old_linenr++;
2439	}
2440
2441	return @lines;
2442}
2443
2444sub fix_insert_line {
2445	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2446
2447	my $inserted = {
2448		LINENR => $linenr,
2449		LINE => $line,
2450	};
2451	push(@fixed_inserted, $inserted);
2452}
2453
2454sub fix_delete_line {
2455	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2456
2457	my $deleted = {
2458		LINENR => $linenr,
2459		LINE => $line,
2460	};
2461
2462	push(@fixed_deleted, $deleted);
2463}
2464
2465sub ERROR {
2466	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2467
2468	if (report("ERROR", $type, $msg)) {
2469		our $clean = 0;
2470		our $cnt_error++;
2471		return 1;
2472	}
2473	return 0;
2474}
2475sub WARN {
2476	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2477
2478	if (report("WARNING", $type, $msg)) {
2479		our $clean = 0;
2480		our $cnt_warn++;
2481		return 1;
2482	}
2483	return 0;
2484}
2485sub CHK {
2486	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2487
2488	if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) {
2489		our $clean = 0;
2490		our $cnt_chk++;
2491		return 1;
2492	}
2493	return 0;
2494}
2495
2496sub check_absolute_file {
2497	my ($absolute, $herecurr) = @_;
2498	my $file = $absolute;
2499
2500	##print "absolute<$absolute>\n";
2501
2502	# See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree.
2503	while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) {
2504		if (-f "$root/$file") {
2505			##print "file<$file>\n";
2506			last;
2507		}
2508	}
2509	if (! -f _)  {
2510		return 0;
2511	}
2512
2513	# It is, so see if the prefix is acceptable.
2514	my $prefix = $absolute;
2515	substr($prefix, -length($file)) = '';
2516
2517	##print "prefix<$prefix>\n";
2518	if ($prefix ne ".../") {
2519		WARN("USE_RELATIVE_PATH",
2520		     "use relative pathname instead of absolute in changelog text\n" . $herecurr);
2521	}
2522}
2523
2524sub trim {
2525	my ($string) = @_;
2526
2527	$string =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
2528
2529	return $string;
2530}
2531
2532sub ltrim {
2533	my ($string) = @_;
2534
2535	$string =~ s/^\s+//;
2536
2537	return $string;
2538}
2539
2540sub rtrim {
2541	my ($string) = @_;
2542
2543	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
2544
2545	return $string;
2546}
2547
2548sub string_find_replace {
2549	my ($string, $find, $replace) = @_;
2550
2551	$string =~ s/$find/$replace/g;
2552
2553	return $string;
2554}
2555
2556sub tabify {
2557	my ($leading) = @_;
2558
2559	my $source_indent = $tabsize;
2560	my $max_spaces_before_tab = $source_indent - 1;
2561	my $spaces_to_tab = " " x $source_indent;
2562
2563	#convert leading spaces to tabs
2564	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)$spaces_to_tab@$1\t@g;
2565	#Remove spaces before a tab
2566	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)( {1,$max_spaces_before_tab})\t@$1\t@g;
2567
2568	return "$leading";
2569}
2570
2571sub pos_last_openparen {
2572	my ($line) = @_;
2573
2574	my $pos = 0;
2575
2576	my $opens = $line =~ tr/\(/\(/;
2577	my $closes = $line =~ tr/\)/\)/;
2578
2579	my $last_openparen = 0;
2580
2581	if (($opens == 0) || ($closes >= $opens)) {
2582		return -1;
2583	}
2584
2585	my $len = length($line);
2586
2587	for ($pos = 0; $pos < $len; $pos++) {
2588		my $string = substr($line, $pos);
2589		if ($string =~ /^($FuncArg|$balanced_parens)/) {
2590			$pos += length($1) - 1;
2591		} elsif (substr($line, $pos, 1) eq '(') {
2592			$last_openparen = $pos;
2593		} elsif (index($string, '(') == -1) {
2594			last;
2595		}
2596	}
2597
2598	return length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 0, $last_openparen))) + 1;
2599}
2600
2601sub get_raw_comment {
2602	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
2603	my $comment = '';
2604
2605	for my $i (0 .. (length($line) - 1)) {
2606		if (substr($line, $i, 1) eq "$;") {
2607			$comment .= substr($rawline, $i, 1);
2608		}
2609	}
2610
2611	return $comment;
2612}
2613
2614sub exclude_global_initialisers {
2615	my ($realfile) = @_;
2616
2617	# Do not check for BPF programs (tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/*.c, samples/bpf/*_kern.c, *.bpf.c).
2618	return $realfile =~ m@^tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/.*\.c$@ ||
2619		$realfile =~ m@^samples/bpf/.*_kern\.c$@ ||
2620		$realfile =~ m@/bpf/.*\.bpf\.c$@;
2621}
2622
2623sub process {
2624	my $filename = shift;
2625
2626	my $linenr=0;
2627	my $prevline="";
2628	my $prevrawline="";
2629	my $stashline="";
2630	my $stashrawline="";
2631
2632	my $length;
2633	my $indent;
2634	my $previndent=0;
2635	my $stashindent=0;
2636
2637	our $clean = 1;
2638	my $signoff = 0;
2639	my $author = '';
2640	my $authorsignoff = 0;
2641	my $author_sob = '';
2642	my $is_patch = 0;
2643	my $is_binding_patch = -1;
2644	my $in_header_lines = $file ? 0 : 1;
2645	my $in_commit_log = 0;		#Scanning lines before patch
2646	my $has_patch_separator = 0;	#Found a --- line
2647	my $has_commit_log = 0;		#Encountered lines before patch
2648	my $commit_log_lines = 0;	#Number of commit log lines
2649	my $commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
2650	my $commit_log_long_line = 0;
2651	my $commit_log_has_diff = 0;
2652	my $reported_maintainer_file = 0;
2653	my $non_utf8_charset = 0;
2654
2655	my $last_git_commit_id_linenr = -1;
2656
2657	my $last_blank_line = 0;
2658	my $last_coalesced_string_linenr = -1;
2659
2660	our @report = ();
2661	our $cnt_lines = 0;
2662	our $cnt_error = 0;
2663	our $cnt_warn = 0;
2664	our $cnt_chk = 0;
2665
2666	# Trace the real file/line as we go.
2667	my $realfile = '';
2668	my $realline = 0;
2669	my $realcnt = 0;
2670	my $here = '';
2671	my $context_function;		#undef'd unless there's a known function
2672	my $in_comment = 0;
2673	my $comment_edge = 0;
2674	my $first_line = 0;
2675	my $p1_prefix = '';
2676
2677	my $prev_values = 'E';
2678
2679	# suppression flags
2680	my %suppress_ifbraces;
2681	my %suppress_whiletrailers;
2682	my %suppress_export;
2683	my $suppress_statement = 0;
2684
2685	my %signatures = ();
2686
2687	# Pre-scan the patch sanitizing the lines.
2688	# Pre-scan the patch looking for any __setup documentation.
2689	#
2690	my @setup_docs = ();
2691	my $setup_docs = 0;
2692
2693	my $camelcase_file_seeded = 0;
2694
2695	my $checklicenseline = 1;
2696
2697	sanitise_line_reset();
2698	my $line;
2699	foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) {
2700		$linenr++;
2701		$line = $rawline;
2702
2703		push(@fixed, $rawline) if ($fix);
2704
2705		if ($rawline=~/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2706			$setup_docs = 0;
2707			if ($1 =~ m@Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt$@) {
2708				$setup_docs = 1;
2709			}
2710			#next;
2711		}
2712		if ($rawline =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@/) {
2713			$realline=$1-1;
2714			if (defined $2) {
2715				$realcnt=$3+1;
2716			} else {
2717				$realcnt=1+1;
2718			}
2719			$in_comment = 0;
2720
2721			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  Run
2722			# the context looking for a comment "edge".  If this
2723			# edge is a close comment then we must be in a comment
2724			# at context start.
2725			my $edge;
2726			my $cnt = $realcnt;
2727			for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) {
2728				next if (defined $rawlines[$ln - 1] &&
2729					 $rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ /^-/);
2730				$cnt--;
2731				#print "RAW<$rawlines[$ln - 1]>\n";
2732				last if (!defined $rawlines[$ln - 1]);
2733				if ($rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ m@(/\*|\*/)@ &&
2734				    $rawlines[$ln - 1] !~ m@"[^"]*(?:/\*|\*/)[^"]*"@) {
2735					($edge) = $1;
2736					last;
2737				}
2738			}
2739			if (defined $edge && $edge eq '*/') {
2740				$in_comment = 1;
2741			}
2742
2743			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  If this
2744			# is the start of a diff block and this line starts
2745			# ' *' then it is very likely a comment.
2746			if (!defined $edge &&
2747			    $rawlines[$linenr] =~ m@^.\s*(?:\*\*+| \*)(?:\s|$)@)
2748			{
2749				$in_comment = 1;
2750			}
2751
2752			##print "COMMENT:$in_comment edge<$edge> $rawline\n";
2753			sanitise_line_reset($in_comment);
2754
2755		} elsif ($realcnt && $rawline =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/) {
2756			# Standardise the strings and chars within the input to
2757			# simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines.
2758			$line = sanitise_line($rawline);
2759		}
2760		push(@lines, $line);
2761
2762		if ($realcnt > 1) {
2763			$realcnt-- if ($line =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/);
2764		} else {
2765			$realcnt = 0;
2766		}
2767
2768		#print "==>$rawline\n";
2769		#print "-->$line\n";
2770
2771		if ($setup_docs && $line =~ /^\+/) {
2772			push(@setup_docs, $line);
2773		}
2774	}
2775
2776	$prefix = '';
2777
2778	$realcnt = 0;
2779	$linenr = 0;
2780	$fixlinenr = -1;
2781	foreach my $line (@lines) {
2782		$linenr++;
2783		$fixlinenr++;
2784		my $sline = $line;	#copy of $line
2785		$sline =~ s/$;/ /g;	#with comments as spaces
2786
2787		my $rawline = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
2788		my $raw_comment = get_raw_comment($line, $rawline);
2789
2790# check if it's a mode change, rename or start of a patch
2791		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2792		    ($line =~ /^ mode change [0-7]+ => [0-7]+ \S+\s*$/ ||
2793		    ($line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) \S+\s*$/ ||
2794		     $line =~ /^diff --git a\/[\w\/\.\_\-]+ b\/\S+\s*$/))) {
2795			$is_patch = 1;
2796		}
2797
2798#extract the line range in the file after the patch is applied
2799		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2800		    $line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@(.*)/) {
2801			my $context = $4;
2802			$is_patch = 1;
2803			$first_line = $linenr + 1;
2804			$realline=$1-1;
2805			if (defined $2) {
2806				$realcnt=$3+1;
2807			} else {
2808				$realcnt=1+1;
2809			}
2810			annotate_reset();
2811			$prev_values = 'E';
2812
2813			%suppress_ifbraces = ();
2814			%suppress_whiletrailers = ();
2815			%suppress_export = ();
2816			$suppress_statement = 0;
2817			if ($context =~ /\b(\w+)\s*\(/) {
2818				$context_function = $1;
2819			} else {
2820				undef $context_function;
2821			}
2822			next;
2823
2824# track the line number as we move through the hunk, note that
2825# new versions of GNU diff omit the leading space on completely
2826# blank context lines so we need to count that too.
2827		} elsif ($line =~ /^( |\+|$)/) {
2828			$realline++;
2829			$realcnt-- if ($realcnt != 0);
2830
2831			# Measure the line length and indent.
2832			($length, $indent) = line_stats($rawline);
2833
2834			# Track the previous line.
2835			($prevline, $stashline) = ($stashline, $line);
2836			($previndent, $stashindent) = ($stashindent, $indent);
2837			($prevrawline, $stashrawline) = ($stashrawline, $rawline);
2838
2839			#warn "line<$line>\n";
2840
2841		} elsif ($realcnt == 1) {
2842			$realcnt--;
2843		}
2844
2845		my $hunk_line = ($realcnt != 0);
2846
2847		$here = "#$linenr: " if (!$file);
2848		$here = "#$realline: " if ($file);
2849
2850		my $found_file = 0;
2851		# extract the filename as it passes
2852		if ($line =~ /^diff --git.*?(\S+)$/) {
2853			$realfile = $1;
2854			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2855			$in_commit_log = 0;
2856			$found_file = 1;
2857		} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2858			$realfile = $1;
2859			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2860			$in_commit_log = 0;
2861
2862			$p1_prefix = $1;
2863			if (!$file && $tree && $p1_prefix ne '' &&
2864			    -e "$root/$p1_prefix") {
2865				WARN("PATCH_PREFIX",
2866				     "patch prefix '$p1_prefix' exists, appears to be a -p0 patch\n");
2867			}
2868
2869			if ($realfile =~ m@^include/asm/@) {
2870				ERROR("MODIFIED_INCLUDE_ASM",
2871				      "do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
2872			}
2873			$found_file = 1;
2874		}
2875
2876#make up the handle for any error we report on this line
2877		if ($showfile) {
2878			$prefix = "$realfile:$realline: "
2879		} elsif ($emacs) {
2880			if ($file) {
2881				$prefix = "$filename:$realline: ";
2882			} else {
2883				$prefix = "$filename:$linenr: ";
2884			}
2885		}
2886
2887		if ($found_file) {
2888			if (is_maintained_obsolete($realfile)) {
2889				WARN("OBSOLETE",
2890				     "$realfile is marked as 'obsolete' in the MAINTAINERS hierarchy.  No unnecessary modifications please.\n");
2891			}
2892			if ($realfile =~ m@^(?:drivers/net/|net/|drivers/staging/)@) {
2893				$check = 1;
2894			} else {
2895				$check = $check_orig;
2896			}
2897			$checklicenseline = 1;
2898
2899			if ($realfile !~ /^MAINTAINERS/) {
2900				my $last_binding_patch = $is_binding_patch;
2901
2902				$is_binding_patch = () = $realfile =~ m@^(?:Documentation/devicetree/|include/dt-bindings/)@;
2903
2904				if (($last_binding_patch != -1) &&
2905				    ($last_binding_patch ^ $is_binding_patch)) {
2906					WARN("DT_SPLIT_BINDING_PATCH",
2907					     "DT binding docs and includes should be a separate patch. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/submitting-patches.rst\n");
2908				}
2909			}
2910
2911			next;
2912		}
2913
2914		$here .= "FILE: $realfile:$realline:" if ($realcnt != 0);
2915
2916		my $hereline = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2917		my $herecurr = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2918		my $hereprev = "$here\n$prevrawline\n$rawline\n";
2919
2920		$cnt_lines++ if ($realcnt != 0);
2921
2922# Verify the existence of a commit log if appropriate
2923# 2 is used because a $signature is counted in $commit_log_lines
2924		if ($in_commit_log) {
2925			if ($line !~ /^\s*$/) {
2926				$commit_log_lines++;	#could be a $signature
2927			}
2928		} elsif ($has_commit_log && $commit_log_lines < 2) {
2929			WARN("COMMIT_MESSAGE",
2930			     "Missing commit description - Add an appropriate one\n");
2931			$commit_log_lines = 2;	#warn only once
2932		}
2933
2934# Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch
2935		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_has_diff &&
2936		    (($line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/([\w/]+)@ &&
2937		      $line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/[\w/]+\s+b/$1\b@) ||
2938		     $line =~ m@^\s*(?:\-\-\-\s+a/|\+\+\+\s+b/)@ ||
2939		     $line =~ m/^\s*\@\@ \-\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/)) {
2940			ERROR("DIFF_IN_COMMIT_MSG",
2941			      "Avoid using diff content in the commit message - patch(1) might not work\n" . $herecurr);
2942			$commit_log_has_diff = 1;
2943		}
2944
2945# Check for incorrect file permissions
2946		if ($line =~ /^new (file )?mode.*[7531]\d{0,2}$/) {
2947			my $permhere = $here . "FILE: $realfile\n";
2948			if ($realfile !~ m@scripts/@ &&
2949			    $realfile !~ /\.(py|pl|awk|sh)$/) {
2950				ERROR("EXECUTE_PERMISSIONS",
2951				      "do not set execute permissions for source files\n" . $permhere);
2952			}
2953		}
2954
2955# Check the patch for a From:
2956		if (decode("MIME-Header", $line) =~ /^From:\s*(.*)/) {
2957			$author = $1;
2958			my $curline = $linenr;
2959			while(defined($rawlines[$curline]) && ($rawlines[$curline++] =~ /^[ \t]\s*(.*)/)) {
2960				$author .= $1;
2961			}
2962			$author = encode("utf8", $author) if ($line =~ /=\?utf-8\?/i);
2963			$author =~ s/"//g;
2964			$author = reformat_email($author);
2965		}
2966
2967# Check the patch for a signoff:
2968		if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
2969			$signoff++;
2970			$in_commit_log = 0;
2971			if ($author ne ''  && $authorsignoff != 1) {
2972				if (same_email_addresses($1, $author)) {
2973					$authorsignoff = 1;
2974				} else {
2975					my $ctx = $1;
2976					my ($email_name, $email_comment, $email_address, $comment1) = parse_email($ctx);
2977					my ($author_name, $author_comment, $author_address, $comment2) = parse_email($author);
2978
2979					if (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address && $email_name eq $author_name) {
2980						$author_sob = $ctx;
2981						$authorsignoff = 2;
2982					} elsif (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address) {
2983						$author_sob = $ctx;
2984						$authorsignoff = 3;
2985					} elsif ($email_name eq $author_name) {
2986						$author_sob = $ctx;
2987						$authorsignoff = 4;
2988
2989						my $address1 = $email_address;
2990						my $address2 = $author_address;
2991
2992						if ($address1 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
2993							$address1 = "$1$2";
2994						}
2995						if ($address2 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
2996							$address2 = "$1$2";
2997						}
2998						if ($address1 eq $address2) {
2999							$authorsignoff = 5;
3000						}
3001					}
3002				}
3003			}
3004		}
3005
3006# Check for patch separator
3007		if ($line =~ /^---$/) {
3008			$has_patch_separator = 1;
3009			$in_commit_log = 0;
3010		}
3011
3012# Check if MAINTAINERS is being updated.  If so, there's probably no need to
3013# emit the "does MAINTAINERS need updating?" message on file add/move/delete
3014		if ($line =~ /^\s*MAINTAINERS\s*\|/) {
3015			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
3016		}
3017
3018# Check signature styles
3019		if (!$in_header_lines &&
3020		    $line =~ /^(\s*)([a-z0-9_-]+by:|$signature_tags)(\s*)(.*)/i) {
3021			my $space_before = $1;
3022			my $sign_off = $2;
3023			my $space_after = $3;
3024			my $email = $4;
3025			my $ucfirst_sign_off = ucfirst(lc($sign_off));
3026
3027			if ($sign_off !~ /$signature_tags/) {
3028				my $suggested_signature = find_standard_signature($sign_off);
3029				if ($suggested_signature eq "") {
3030					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3031					     "Non-standard signature: $sign_off\n" . $herecurr);
3032				} else {
3033					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3034						 "Non-standard signature: '$sign_off' - perhaps '$suggested_signature'?\n" . $herecurr) &&
3035					    $fix) {
3036						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$sign_off/$suggested_signature/;
3037					}
3038				}
3039			}
3040			if (defined $space_before && $space_before ne "") {
3041				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3042					 "Do not use whitespace before $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3043				    $fix) {
3044					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3045					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3046				}
3047			}
3048			if ($sign_off =~ /-by:$/i && $sign_off ne $ucfirst_sign_off) {
3049				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3050					 "'$ucfirst_sign_off' is the preferred signature form\n" . $herecurr) &&
3051				    $fix) {
3052					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3053					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3054				}
3055
3056			}
3057			if (!defined $space_after || $space_after ne " ") {
3058				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3059					 "Use a single space after $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3060				    $fix) {
3061					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3062					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3063				}
3064			}
3065
3066			my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
3067			my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment));
3068			if ($suggested_email eq "") {
3069				ERROR("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3070				      "Unrecognized email address: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3071			} else {
3072				my $dequoted = $suggested_email;
3073				$dequoted =~ s/^"//;
3074				$dequoted =~ s/" </ </;
3075				# Don't force email to have quotes
3076				# Allow just an angle bracketed address
3077				if (!same_email_addresses($email, $suggested_email)) {
3078					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3079						 "email address '$email' might be better as '$suggested_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3080					    $fix) {
3081						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$suggested_email/;
3082					}
3083				}
3084
3085				# Address part shouldn't have comments
3086				my $stripped_address = $email_address;
3087				$stripped_address =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g;
3088				if ($email_address ne $stripped_address) {
3089					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3090						 "address part of email should not have comments: '$email_address'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3091					    $fix) {
3092						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email_address\E/$stripped_address/;
3093					}
3094				}
3095
3096				# Only one name comment should be allowed
3097				my $comment_count = () = $name_comment =~ /\([^\)]+\)/g;
3098				if ($comment_count > 1) {
3099					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3100					     "Use a single name comment in email: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3101				}
3102
3103
3104				# stable@vger.kernel.org or stable@kernel.org shouldn't
3105				# have an email name. In addition comments should strictly
3106				# begin with a #
3107				if ($email =~ /^.*stable\@(?:vger\.)?kernel\.org/i) {
3108					if (($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^#.+/) ||
3109					    ($email_name ne "")) {
3110						my $cur_name = $email_name;
3111						my $new_comment = $comment;
3112						$cur_name =~ s/[a-zA-Z\s\-\"]+//g;
3113
3114						# Remove brackets enclosing comment text
3115						# and # from start of comments to get comment text
3116						$new_comment =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/;
3117						$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3118						$new_comment =~ s/^[\s\#]+|\s+$//g;
3119
3120						$new_comment = trim("$new_comment $cur_name") if ($cur_name ne $new_comment);
3121						$new_comment = " # $new_comment" if ($new_comment ne "");
3122						my $new_email = "$email_address$new_comment";
3123
3124						if (WARN("BAD_STABLE_ADDRESS_STYLE",
3125							 "Invalid email format for stable: '$email', prefer '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3126						    $fix) {
3127							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3128						}
3129					}
3130				} elsif ($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^(?:#.+|\(.+\))$/) {
3131					my $new_comment = $comment;
3132
3133					# Extract comment text from within brackets or
3134					# c89 style /*...*/ comments
3135					$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3136					$new_comment =~ s/^\/\*(.*)\*\/$/$1/;
3137
3138					$new_comment = trim($new_comment);
3139					$new_comment =~ s/^[^\w]$//; # Single lettered comment with non word character is usually a typo
3140					$new_comment = "($new_comment)" if ($new_comment ne "");
3141					my $new_email = format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $new_comment);
3142
3143					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3144						 "Unexpected content after email: '$email', should be: '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3145					    $fix) {
3146						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3147					}
3148				}
3149			}
3150
3151# Check for duplicate signatures
3152			my $sig_nospace = $line;
3153			$sig_nospace =~ s/\s//g;
3154			$sig_nospace = lc($sig_nospace);
3155			if (defined $signatures{$sig_nospace}) {
3156				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3157				     "Duplicate signature\n" . $herecurr);
3158			} else {
3159				$signatures{$sig_nospace} = 1;
3160			}
3161
3162# Check Co-developed-by: immediately followed by Signed-off-by: with same name and email
3163			if ($sign_off =~ /^co-developed-by:$/i) {
3164				if ($email eq $author) {
3165					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3166					      "Co-developed-by: should not be used to attribute nominal patch author '$author'\n" . $herecurr);
3167				}
3168				if (!defined $lines[$linenr]) {
3169					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3170					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . $herecurr);
3171				} elsif ($rawlines[$linenr] !~ /^signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
3172					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3173					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . $herecurr . $rawlines[$linenr] . "\n");
3174				} elsif ($1 ne $email) {
3175					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3176					     "Co-developed-by and Signed-off-by: name/email do not match\n" . $herecurr . $rawlines[$linenr] . "\n");
3177				}
3178			}
3179
3180# check if Reported-by: is followed by a Closes: tag
3181			if ($sign_off =~ /^reported(?:|-and-tested)-by:$/i) {
3182				if (!defined $lines[$linenr]) {
3183					WARN("BAD_REPORTED_BY_LINK",
3184					     "Reported-by: should be immediately followed by Closes: with a URL to the report\n" . $herecurr . "\n");
3185				} elsif ($rawlines[$linenr] !~ /^closes:\s*/i) {
3186					WARN("BAD_REPORTED_BY_LINK",
3187					     "Reported-by: should be immediately followed by Closes: with a URL to the report\n" . $herecurr . $rawlines[$linenr] . "\n");
3188				}
3189			}
3190		}
3191
3192
3193# Check Fixes: styles is correct
3194		if (!$in_header_lines &&
3195		    $line =~ /^\s*fixes:?\s*(?:commit\s*)?[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i) {
3196			my $orig_commit = "";
3197			my $id = "0123456789ab";
3198			my $title = "commit title";
3199			my $tag_case = 1;
3200			my $tag_space = 1;
3201			my $id_length = 1;
3202			my $id_case = 1;
3203			my $title_has_quotes = 0;
3204
3205			if ($line =~ /(\s*fixes:?)\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\s+($balanced_parens)/i) {
3206				my $tag = $1;
3207				$orig_commit = $2;
3208				$title = $3;
3209
3210				$tag_case = 0 if $tag eq "Fixes:";
3211				$tag_space = 0 if ($line =~ /^fixes:? [0-9a-f]{5,} ($balanced_parens)/i);
3212
3213				$id_length = 0 if ($orig_commit =~ /^[0-9a-f]{12}$/i);
3214				$id_case = 0 if ($orig_commit !~ /[A-F]/);
3215
3216				# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3217				$title = substr($title, 1, -1);
3218				if ($title =~ /^".*"$/) {
3219					$title = substr($title, 1, -1);
3220					$title_has_quotes = 1;
3221				}
3222			}
3223
3224			my ($cid, $ctitle) = git_commit_info($orig_commit, $id,
3225							     $title);
3226
3227			if ($ctitle ne $title || $tag_case || $tag_space ||
3228			    $id_length || $id_case || !$title_has_quotes) {
3229				if (WARN("BAD_FIXES_TAG",
3230				     "Please use correct Fixes: style 'Fixes: <12 chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: 'Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3231				    $fix) {
3232					$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")";
3233				}
3234			}
3235		}
3236
3237# Check email subject for common tools that don't need to be mentioned
3238		if ($in_header_lines &&
3239		    $line =~ /^Subject:.*\b(?:checkpatch|sparse|smatch)\b[^:]/i) {
3240			WARN("EMAIL_SUBJECT",
3241			     "A patch subject line should describe the change not the tool that found it\n" . $herecurr);
3242		}
3243
3244# Check for Gerrit Change-Ids not in any patch context
3245		if ($realfile eq '' && !$has_patch_separator && $line =~ /^\s*change-id:/i) {
3246			if (ERROR("GERRIT_CHANGE_ID",
3247			          "Remove Gerrit Change-Id's before submitting upstream\n" . $herecurr) &&
3248			    $fix) {
3249				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
3250			}
3251		}
3252
3253# Check if the commit log is in a possible stack dump
3254		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3255		    ($line =~ /^\s*(?:WARNING:|BUG:)/ ||
3256		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\s*\d+\.\d{6,6}\s*\]/ ||
3257					# timestamp
3258		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\<[0-9a-fA-F]{8,}\>\]/) ||
3259		     $line =~ /^(?:\s+\w+:\s+[0-9a-fA-F]+){3,3}/ ||
3260		     $line =~ /^\s*\#\d+\s*\[[0-9a-fA-F]+\]\s*\w+ at [0-9a-fA-F]+/) {
3261					# stack dump address styles
3262			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 1;
3263		}
3264
3265# Check for line lengths > 75 in commit log, warn once
3266		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_long_line &&
3267		    length($line) > 75 &&
3268		    !($line =~ /^\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_\/\.]+\s+\|\s+\d+/ ||
3269					# file delta changes
3270		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:[\w\.\-\+]*\/)++[\w\.\-\+]+:/ ||
3271					# filename then :
3272		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:Fixes:|$link_tags_search|$signature_tags)/i ||
3273					# A Fixes:, link or signature tag line
3274		      $commit_log_possible_stack_dump)) {
3275			WARN("COMMIT_LOG_LONG_LINE",
3276			     "Prefer a maximum 75 chars per line (possible unwrapped commit description?)\n" . $herecurr);
3277			$commit_log_long_line = 1;
3278		}
3279
3280# Reset possible stack dump if a blank line is found
3281		if ($in_commit_log && $commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3282		    $line =~ /^\s*$/) {
3283			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
3284		}
3285
3286# Check for odd tags before a URI/URL
3287		if ($in_commit_log &&
3288		    $line =~ /^\s*(\w+:)\s*http/ && $1 !~ /^$link_tags_search$/) {
3289			if ($1 =~ /^v(?:ersion)?\d+/i) {
3290				WARN("COMMIT_LOG_VERSIONING",
3291				     "Patch version information should be after the --- line\n" . $herecurr);
3292			} else {
3293				WARN("COMMIT_LOG_USE_LINK",
3294				     "Unknown link reference '$1', use $link_tags_print instead\n" . $herecurr);
3295			}
3296		}
3297
3298# Check for misuse of the link tags
3299		if ($in_commit_log &&
3300		    $line =~ /^\s*(\w+:)\s*(\S+)/) {
3301			my $tag = $1;
3302			my $value = $2;
3303			if ($tag =~ /^$link_tags_search$/ && $value !~ m{^https?://}) {
3304				WARN("COMMIT_LOG_WRONG_LINK",
3305				     "'$tag' should be followed by a public http(s) link\n" . $herecurr);
3306			}
3307		}
3308
3309# Check for lines starting with a #
3310		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /^#/) {
3311			if (WARN("COMMIT_COMMENT_SYMBOL",
3312				 "Commit log lines starting with '#' are dropped by git as comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
3313			    $fix) {
3314				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^/ /;
3315			}
3316		}
3317
3318# Check for git id commit length and improperly formed commit descriptions
3319# A correctly formed commit description is:
3320#    commit <SHA-1 hash length 12+ chars> ("Complete commit subject")
3321# with the commit subject '("' prefix and '")' suffix
3322# This is a fairly compilicated block as it tests for what appears to be
3323# bare SHA-1 hash with  minimum length of 5.  It also avoids several types of
3324# possible SHA-1 matches.
3325# A commit match can span multiple lines so this block attempts to find a
3326# complete typical commit on a maximum of 3 lines
3327		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3328		    $in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3329		    $line !~ /^\s*(?:Link|Patchwork|http|https|BugLink|base-commit):/i &&
3330		    $line !~ /^This reverts commit [0-9a-f]{7,40}/ &&
3331		    (($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i ||
3332		      ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i && defined($rawlines[$linenr]) && $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i)) ||
3333		     ($line =~ /(?:\s|^)[0-9a-f]{12,40}(?:[\s"'\(\[]|$)/i &&
3334		      $line !~ /[\<\[][0-9a-f]{12,40}[\>\]]/i &&
3335		      $line !~ /\bfixes:\s*[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i))) {
3336			my $init_char = "c";
3337			my $orig_commit = "";
3338			my $short = 1;
3339			my $long = 0;
3340			my $case = 1;
3341			my $space = 1;
3342			my $id = '0123456789ab';
3343			my $orig_desc = "commit description";
3344			my $description = "";
3345			my $herectx = $herecurr;
3346			my $has_parens = 0;
3347			my $has_quotes = 0;
3348
3349			my $input = $line;
3350			if ($line =~ /(?:\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}|\bcommit\s*$)/i) {
3351				for (my $n = 0; $n < 2; $n++) {
3352					if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s*($balanced_parens)/i) {
3353						$orig_desc = $1;
3354						$has_parens = 1;
3355						# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3356						$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3357						if ($orig_desc =~ /^".*"$/) {
3358							$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3359							$has_quotes = 1;
3360						}
3361						last;
3362					}
3363					last if ($#lines < $linenr + $n);
3364					$input .= " " . trim($rawlines[$linenr + $n]);
3365					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$linenr + $n]\n";
3366				}
3367				$herectx = $herecurr if (!$has_parens);
3368			}
3369
3370			if ($input =~ /\b(c)ommit\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\b/i) {
3371				$init_char = $1;
3372				$orig_commit = lc($2);
3373				$short = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i);
3374				$long = 1 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{41,}/i);
3375				$space = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit [0-9a-f]/i);
3376				$case = 0 if ($input =~ /\b[Cc]ommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,40}[^A-F]/);
3377			} elsif ($input =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) {
3378				$orig_commit = lc($1);
3379			}
3380
3381			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($orig_commit,
3382							      $id, $orig_desc);
3383
3384			if (defined($id) &&
3385			    ($short || $long || $space || $case || ($orig_desc ne $description) || !$has_quotes) &&
3386			    $last_git_commit_id_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
3387				ERROR("GIT_COMMIT_ID",
3388				      "Please use git commit description style 'commit <12+ chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: '${init_char}ommit $id (\"$description\")'\n" . $herectx);
3389			}
3390			#don't report the next line if this line ends in commit and the sha1 hash is the next line
3391			$last_git_commit_id_linenr = $linenr if ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i);
3392		}
3393
3394# Check for mailing list archives other than lore.kernel.org
3395		if ($rawline =~ m{http.*\b$obsolete_archives}) {
3396			WARN("PREFER_LORE_ARCHIVE",
3397			     "Use lore.kernel.org archive links when possible - see https://lore.kernel.org/lists.html\n" . $herecurr);
3398		}
3399
3400# Check for added, moved or deleted files
3401		if (!$reported_maintainer_file && !$in_commit_log &&
3402		    ($line =~ /^(?:new|deleted) file mode\s*\d+\s*$/ ||
3403		     $line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) [\w\/\.\-]+\s*$/ ||
3404		     ($line =~ /\{\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\=\>\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\}/ &&
3405		      (defined($1) || defined($2))))) {
3406			$is_patch = 1;
3407			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
3408			WARN("FILE_PATH_CHANGES",
3409			     "added, moved or deleted file(s), does MAINTAINERS need updating?\n" . $herecurr);
3410		}
3411
3412# Check for adding new DT bindings not in schema format
3413		if (!$in_commit_log &&
3414		    ($line =~ /^new file mode\s*\d+\s*$/) &&
3415		    ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/.*\.txt$@)) {
3416			WARN("DT_SCHEMA_BINDING_PATCH",
3417			     "DT bindings should be in DT schema format. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/writing-schema.rst\n");
3418		}
3419
3420# Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file
3421		if ($realcnt != 0 && $line !~ m{^(?:\+|-| |\\ No newline|$)}) {
3422			ERROR("CORRUPTED_PATCH",
3423			      "patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
3424				$herecurr) if (!$emitted_corrupt++);
3425		}
3426
3427# UTF-8 regex found at http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php
3428		if (($realfile =~ /^$/ || $line =~ /^\+/) &&
3429		    $rawline !~ m/^$UTF8*$/) {
3430			my ($utf8_prefix) = ($rawline =~ /^($UTF8*)/);
3431
3432			my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3433			my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, length($utf8_prefix)) . "^";
3434			my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3435
3436			CHK("INVALID_UTF8",
3437			    "Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
3438		}
3439
3440# Check if it's the start of a commit log
3441# (not a header line and we haven't seen the patch filename)
3442		if ($in_header_lines && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3443		    !($rawline =~ /^\s+(?:\S|$)/ ||
3444		      $rawline =~ /^(?:commit\b|from\b|[\w-]+:)/i)) {
3445			$in_header_lines = 0;
3446			$in_commit_log = 1;
3447			$has_commit_log = 1;
3448		}
3449
3450# Check if there is UTF-8 in a commit log when a mail header has explicitly
3451# declined it, i.e defined some charset where it is missing.
3452		if ($in_header_lines &&
3453		    $rawline =~ /^Content-Type:.+charset="(.+)".*$/ &&
3454		    $1 !~ /utf-8/i) {
3455			$non_utf8_charset = 1;
3456		}
3457
3458		if ($in_commit_log && $non_utf8_charset && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3459		    $rawline =~ /$NON_ASCII_UTF8/) {
3460			WARN("UTF8_BEFORE_PATCH",
3461			    "8-bit UTF-8 used in possible commit log\n" . $herecurr);
3462		}
3463
3464# Check for absolute kernel paths in commit message
3465		if ($tree && $in_commit_log) {
3466			while ($line =~ m{(?:^|\s)(/\S*)}g) {
3467				my $file = $1;
3468
3469				if ($file =~ m{^(.*?)(?::\d+)+:?$} &&
3470				    check_absolute_file($1, $herecurr)) {
3471					#
3472				} else {
3473					check_absolute_file($file, $herecurr);
3474				}
3475			}
3476		}
3477
3478# Check for various typo / spelling mistakes
3479		if (defined($misspellings) &&
3480		    ($in_commit_log || $line =~ /^(?:\+|Subject:)/i)) {
3481			while ($rawline =~ /(?:^|[^\w\-'`])($misspellings)(?:[^\w\-'`]|$)/gi) {
3482				my $typo = $1;
3483				my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3484				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $-[1]) . "^" x length($typo);
3485				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3486				my $typo_fix = $spelling_fix{lc($typo)};
3487				$typo_fix = ucfirst($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]/);
3488				$typo_fix = uc($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]+$/);
3489				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3490				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3491				if (&{$msg_level}("TYPO_SPELLING",
3492						  "'$typo' may be misspelled - perhaps '$typo_fix'?\n" . $hereptr) &&
3493				    $fix) {
3494					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^|[^A-Za-z@])($typo)($|[^A-Za-z@])/$1$typo_fix$3/;
3495				}
3496			}
3497		}
3498
3499# check for invalid commit id
3500		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /(^fixes:|\bcommit)\s+([0-9a-f]{6,40})\b/i) {
3501			my $id;
3502			my $description;
3503			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($2, undef, undef);
3504			if (!defined($id)) {
3505				WARN("UNKNOWN_COMMIT_ID",
3506				     "Unknown commit id '$2', maybe rebased or not pulled?\n" . $herecurr);
3507			}
3508		}
3509
3510# check for repeated words separated by a single space
3511# avoid false positive from list command eg, '-rw-r--r-- 1 root root'
3512		if (($rawline =~ /^\+/ || $in_commit_log) &&
3513		    $rawline !~ /[bcCdDlMnpPs\?-][rwxsStT-]{9}/) {
3514			pos($rawline) = 1 if (!$in_commit_log);
3515			while ($rawline =~ /\b($word_pattern) (?=($word_pattern))/g) {
3516
3517				my $first = $1;
3518				my $second = $2;
3519				my $start_pos = $-[1];
3520				my $end_pos = $+[2];
3521				if ($first =~ /(?:struct|union|enum)/) {
3522					pos($rawline) += length($first) + length($second) + 1;
3523					next;
3524				}
3525
3526				next if (lc($first) ne lc($second));
3527				next if ($first eq 'long');
3528
3529				# check for character before and after the word matches
3530				my $start_char = '';
3531				my $end_char = '';
3532				$start_char = substr($rawline, $start_pos - 1, 1) if ($start_pos > ($in_commit_log ? 0 : 1));
3533				$end_char = substr($rawline, $end_pos, 1) if ($end_pos < length($rawline));
3534
3535				next if ($start_char =~ /^\S$/);
3536				next if (index(" \t.,;?!", $end_char) == -1);
3537
3538				# avoid repeating hex occurrences like 'ff ff fe 09 ...'
3539				if ($first =~ /\b[0-9a-f]{2,}\b/i) {
3540					next if (!exists($allow_repeated_words{lc($first)}));
3541				}
3542
3543				if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3544					 "Possible repeated word: '$first'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3545				    $fix) {
3546					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$first $second\b/$first/;
3547				}
3548			}
3549
3550			# if it's a repeated word on consecutive lines in a comment block
3551			if ($prevline =~ /$;+\s*$/ &&
3552			    $prevrawline =~ /($word_pattern)\s*$/) {
3553				my $last_word = $1;
3554				if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*\*\s*$last_word /) {
3555					if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3556						 "Possible repeated word: '$last_word'\n" . $hereprev) &&
3557					    $fix) {
3558						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\+\s*\*\s*)$last_word /$1/;
3559					}
3560				}
3561			}
3562		}
3563
3564# ignore non-hunk lines and lines being removed
3565		next if (!$hunk_line || $line =~ /^-/);
3566
3567#trailing whitespace
3568		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\015/) {
3569			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3570			if (ERROR("DOS_LINE_ENDINGS",
3571				  "DOS line endings\n" . $herevet) &&
3572			    $fix) {
3573				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/[\s\015]+$//;
3574			}
3575		} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\S\s+$/ || $rawline =~ /^\+\s+$/) {
3576			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3577			if (ERROR("TRAILING_WHITESPACE",
3578				  "trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet) &&
3579			    $fix) {
3580				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
3581			}
3582
3583			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3584		}
3585
3586# Check for FSF mailing addresses.
3587		if ($rawline =~ /\bwrite to the Free/i ||
3588		    $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i ||
3589		    $rawline =~ /\b59\s+Temple\s+Pl/i ||
3590		    $rawline =~ /\b51\s+Franklin\s+St/i) {
3591			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3592			my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
3593			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3594			&{$msg_level}("FSF_MAILING_ADDRESS",
3595				      "Do not include the paragraph about writing to the Free Software Foundation's mailing address from the sample GPL notice. The FSF has changed addresses in the past, and may do so again. Linux already includes a copy of the GPL.\n" . $herevet)
3596		}
3597
3598# check for Kconfig help text having a real description
3599# Only applies when adding the entry originally, after that we do not have
3600# sufficient context to determine whether it is indeed long enough.
3601		if ($realfile =~ /Kconfig/ &&
3602		    # 'choice' is usually the last thing on the line (though
3603		    # Kconfig supports named choices), so use a word boundary
3604		    # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s)
3605		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:config|menuconfig|choice)\b/) {
3606			my $ln = $linenr;
3607			my $needs_help = 0;
3608			my $has_help = 0;
3609			my $help_length = 0;
3610			while (defined $lines[$ln]) {
3611				my $f = $lines[$ln++];
3612
3613				next if ($f =~ /^-/);
3614				last if ($f !~ /^[\+ ]/);	# !patch context
3615
3616				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*(?:bool|tristate|prompt)\s*["']/) {
3617					$needs_help = 1;
3618					next;
3619				}
3620				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*help\s*$/) {
3621					$has_help = 1;
3622					next;
3623				}
3624
3625				$f =~ s/^.//;	# strip patch context [+ ]
3626				$f =~ s/#.*//;	# strip # directives
3627				$f =~ s/^\s+//;	# strip leading blanks
3628				next if ($f =~ /^$/);	# skip blank lines
3629
3630				# At the end of this Kconfig block:
3631				# This only checks context lines in the patch
3632				# and so hopefully shouldn't trigger false
3633				# positives, even though some of these are
3634				# common words in help texts
3635				if ($f =~ /^(?:config|menuconfig|choice|endchoice|
3636					       if|endif|menu|endmenu|source)\b/x) {
3637					last;
3638				}
3639				$help_length++ if ($has_help);
3640			}
3641			if ($needs_help &&
3642			    $help_length < $min_conf_desc_length) {
3643				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $ln - 1);
3644				WARN("CONFIG_DESCRIPTION",
3645				     "please write a help paragraph that fully describes the config symbol\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
3646			}
3647		}
3648
3649# check MAINTAINERS entries
3650		if ($realfile =~ /^MAINTAINERS$/) {
3651# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right form
3652			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3653			    $rawline !~ /^\+[A-Z]:\t\S/) {
3654				if (WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3655					 "MAINTAINERS entries use one tab after TYPE:\n" . $herecurr) &&
3656				    $fix) {
3657					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+[A-Z]):\s*/$1:\t/;
3658				}
3659			}
3660# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right ordering too
3661			my $preferred_order = 'MRLSWQBCPTFXNK';
3662			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3663			    $prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ][A-Z]:/) {
3664				$rawline =~ /^\+([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3665				my $cur = $1;
3666				my $curval = $2;
3667				$prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ]([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3668				my $prev = $1;
3669				my $prevval = $2;
3670				my $curindex = index($preferred_order, $cur);
3671				my $previndex = index($preferred_order, $prev);
3672				if ($curindex < 0) {
3673					WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3674					     "Unknown MAINTAINERS entry type: '$cur'\n" . $herecurr);
3675				} else {
3676					if ($previndex >= 0 && $curindex < $previndex) {
3677						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3678						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list '$cur:' before '$prev:'\n" . $hereprev);
3679					} elsif ((($prev eq 'F' && $cur eq 'F') ||
3680						  ($prev eq 'X' && $cur eq 'X')) &&
3681						 ($prevval cmp $curval) > 0) {
3682						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3683						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list file patterns in alphabetic order\n" . $hereprev);
3684					}
3685				}
3686			}
3687		}
3688
3689		if (($realfile =~ /Makefile.*/ || $realfile =~ /Kbuild.*/) &&
3690		    ($line =~ /\+(EXTRA_[A-Z]+FLAGS).*/)) {
3691			my $flag = $1;
3692			my $replacement = {
3693				'EXTRA_AFLAGS' =>   'asflags-y',
3694				'EXTRA_CFLAGS' =>   'ccflags-y',
3695				'EXTRA_CPPFLAGS' => 'cppflags-y',
3696				'EXTRA_LDFLAGS' =>  'ldflags-y',
3697			};
3698
3699			WARN("DEPRECATED_VARIABLE",
3700			     "Use of $flag is deprecated, please use \`$replacement->{$flag} instead.\n" . $herecurr) if ($replacement->{$flag});
3701		}
3702
3703# check for DT compatible documentation
3704		if (defined $root &&
3705			(($realfile =~ /\.dtsi?$/ && $line =~ /^\+\s*compatible\s*=\s*\"/) ||
3706			 ($realfile =~ /\.[ch]$/ && $line =~ /^\+.*\.compatible\s*=\s*\"/))) {
3707
3708			my @compats = $rawline =~ /\"([a-zA-Z0-9\-\,\.\+_]+)\"/g;
3709
3710			my $dt_path = $root . "/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/";
3711			my $vp_file = $dt_path . "vendor-prefixes.yaml";
3712
3713			foreach my $compat (@compats) {
3714				my $compat2 = $compat;
3715				$compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,<\.\*>\-/;
3716				my $compat3 = $compat;
3717				$compat3 =~ s/\,([a-z]*)[0-9]*\-/\,$1<\.\*>\-/;
3718				`grep -Erq "$compat|$compat2|$compat3" $dt_path`;
3719				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3720					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3721					     "DT compatible string \"$compat\" appears un-documented -- check $dt_path\n" . $herecurr);
3722				}
3723
3724				next if $compat !~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\,/;
3725				my $vendor = $1;
3726				`grep -Eq "\\"\\^\Q$vendor\E,\\.\\*\\":" $vp_file`;
3727				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3728					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3729					     "DT compatible string vendor \"$vendor\" appears un-documented -- check $vp_file\n" . $herecurr);
3730				}
3731			}
3732		}
3733
3734# check for using SPDX license tag at beginning of files
3735		if ($realline == $checklicenseline) {
3736			if ($rawline =~ /^[ \+]\s*\#\!\s*\//) {
3737				$checklicenseline = 2;
3738			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+/) {
3739				my $comment = "";
3740				if ($realfile =~ /\.(h|s|S)$/) {
3741					$comment = '/*';
3742				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.(c|rs|dts|dtsi)$/) {
3743					$comment = '//';
3744				} elsif (($checklicenseline == 2) || $realfile =~ /\.(sh|pl|py|awk|tc|yaml)$/) {
3745					$comment = '#';
3746				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.rst$/) {
3747					$comment = '..';
3748				}
3749
3750# check SPDX comment style for .[chsS] files
3751				if ($realfile =~ /\.[chsS]$/ &&
3752				    $rawline =~ /SPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3753				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\s*\Q$comment\E\s*@) {
3754					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3755					     "Improper SPDX comment style for '$realfile', please use '$comment' instead\n" . $herecurr);
3756				}
3757
3758				if ($comment !~ /^$/ &&
3759				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\Q$comment\E SPDX-License-Identifier: @) {
3760					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3761					     "Missing or malformed SPDX-License-Identifier tag in line $checklicenseline\n" . $herecurr);
3762				} elsif ($rawline =~ /(SPDX-License-Identifier: .*)/) {
3763					my $spdx_license = $1;
3764					if (!is_SPDX_License_valid($spdx_license)) {
3765						WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3766						     "'$spdx_license' is not supported in LICENSES/...\n" . $herecurr);
3767					}
3768					if ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/@ &&
3769					    $spdx_license !~ /GPL-2\.0(?:-only)? OR BSD-2-Clause/) {
3770						my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3771						$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3772						if (&{$msg_level}("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3773
3774								  "DT binding documents should be licensed (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)\n" . $herecurr) &&
3775						    $fix) {
3776							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/SPDX-License-Identifier: .*/SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)/;
3777						}
3778					}
3779					if ($realfile =~ m@^include/dt-bindings/@ &&
3780					    $spdx_license !~ /GPL-2\.0(?:-only)? OR \S+/) {
3781						WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3782						     "DT binding headers should be licensed (GPL-2.0-only OR .*)\n" . $herecurr);
3783					}
3784				}
3785			}
3786		}
3787
3788# check for embedded filenames
3789		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\b\Q$realfile\E\b/) {
3790			WARN("EMBEDDED_FILENAME",
3791			     "It's generally not useful to have the filename in the file\n" . $herecurr);
3792		}
3793
3794# check we are in a valid source file if not then ignore this hunk
3795		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|rs|s|S|sh|dtsi|dts)$/);
3796
3797# check for using SPDX-License-Identifier on the wrong line number
3798		if ($realline != $checklicenseline &&
3799		    $rawline =~ /\bSPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3800		    substr($line, @-, @+ - @-) eq "$;" x (@+ - @-)) {
3801			WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3802			     "Misplaced SPDX-License-Identifier tag - use line $checklicenseline instead\n" . $herecurr);
3803		}
3804
3805# line length limit (with some exclusions)
3806#
3807# There are a few types of lines that may extend beyond $max_line_length:
3808#	logging functions like pr_info that end in a string
3809#	lines with a single string
3810#	#defines that are a single string
3811#	lines with an RFC3986 like URL
3812#
3813# There are 3 different line length message types:
3814# LONG_LINE_COMMENT	a comment starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3815# LONG_LINE_STRING	a string starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3816# LONG_LINE		all other lines longer than $max_line_length
3817#
3818# if LONG_LINE is ignored, the other 2 types are also ignored
3819#
3820
3821		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && $length > $max_line_length) {
3822			my $msg_type = "LONG_LINE";
3823
3824			# Check the allowed long line types first
3825
3826			# logging functions that end in a string that starts
3827			# before $max_line_length
3828			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$logFunctions\s*\(\s*(?:(?:KERN_\S+\s*|[^"]*))?($String\s*(?:|,|\)\s*;)\s*)$/ &&
3829			    length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3830				$msg_type = "";
3831
3832			# lines with only strings (w/ possible termination)
3833			# #defines with only strings
3834			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String\s*(?:\s*|,|\)\s*;)\s*$/ ||
3835				 $line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+\w+\s+$String$/) {
3836				$msg_type = "";
3837
3838			# More special cases
3839			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+.*\bEFI_GUID\s*\(/ ||
3840				 $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:\w+)?\s*DEFINE_PER_CPU/) {
3841				$msg_type = "";
3842
3843			# URL ($rawline is used in case the URL is in a comment)
3844			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\b[a-z][\w\.\+\-]*:\/\/\S+/i) {
3845				$msg_type = "";
3846
3847			# Otherwise set the alternate message types
3848
3849			# a comment starts before $max_line_length
3850			} elsif ($line =~ /($;[\s$;]*)$/ &&
3851				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3852				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT"
3853
3854			# a quoted string starts before $max_line_length
3855			} elsif ($sline =~ /\s*($String(?:\s*(?:\\|,\s*|\)\s*;\s*))?)$/ &&
3856				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3857				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_STRING"
3858			}
3859
3860			if ($msg_type ne "" &&
3861			    (show_type("LONG_LINE") || show_type($msg_type))) {
3862				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3863				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3864				&{$msg_level}($msg_type,
3865					      "line length of $length exceeds $max_line_length columns\n" . $herecurr);
3866			}
3867		}
3868
3869# check for adding lines without a newline.
3870		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && defined $lines[$linenr] && $lines[$linenr] =~ /^\\ No newline at end of file/) {
3871			if (WARN("MISSING_EOF_NEWLINE",
3872			         "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr) &&
3873			    $fix) {
3874				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr+1, "No newline at end of file");
3875			}
3876		}
3877
3878# check for .L prefix local symbols in .S files
3879		if ($realfile =~ /\.S$/ &&
3880		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:[A-Z]+_)?SYM_[A-Z]+_(?:START|END)(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(\s*\.L/) {
3881			WARN("AVOID_L_PREFIX",
3882			     "Avoid using '.L' prefixed local symbol names for denoting a range of code via 'SYM_*_START/END' annotations; see Documentation/core-api/asm-annotations.rst\n" . $herecurr);
3883		}
3884
3885# check we are in a valid source file C or perl if not then ignore this hunk
3886		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|pl|dtsi|dts)$/);
3887
3888# at the beginning of a line any tabs must come first and anything
3889# more than $tabsize must use tabs.
3890		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ ||
3891		    $rawline =~ /^\+\s*        \s*/) {
3892			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3893			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3894			if (ERROR("CODE_INDENT",
3895				  "code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet) &&
3896			    $fix) {
3897				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
3898			}
3899		}
3900
3901# check for space before tabs.
3902		if ($rawline =~ /^\+/ && $rawline =~ / \t/) {
3903			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3904			if (WARN("SPACE_BEFORE_TAB",
3905				"please, no space before tabs\n" . $herevet) &&
3906			    $fix) {
3907				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3908					   s/(^\+.*) {$tabsize,$tabsize}\t/$1\t\t/) {}
3909				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3910					   s/(^\+.*) +\t/$1\t/) {}
3911			}
3912		}
3913
3914# check for assignments on the start of a line
3915		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s+($Assignment)[^=]/) {
3916			my $operator = $1;
3917			if (CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS",
3918				"Assignment operator '$1' should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3919			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3920				# add assignment operator to the previous line, remove from current line
3921				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] .= " $operator";
3922				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3923			}
3924		}
3925
3926# check for && or || at the start of a line
3927		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) {
3928			my $operator = $1;
3929			if (CHK("LOGICAL_CONTINUATIONS",
3930				"Logical continuations should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3931			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3932				# insert logical operator at last non-comment, non-whitepsace char on previous line
3933				$prevline =~ /[\s$;]*$/;
3934				my $line_end = substr($prevrawline, $-[0]);
3935				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] =~ s/\Q$line_end\E$/ $operator$line_end/;
3936				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3937			}
3938		}
3939
3940# check indentation starts on a tab stop
3941		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3942		    $sline =~ /^\+\t+( +)(?:$c90_Keywords\b|\{\s*$|\}\s*(?:else\b|while\b|\s*$)|$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[;=])/) {
3943			my $indent = length($1);
3944			if ($indent % $tabsize) {
3945				if (WARN("TABSTOP",
3946					 "Statements should start on a tabstop\n" . $herecurr) &&
3947				    $fix) {
3948					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@(^\+\t+) +@$1 . "\t" x ($indent/$tabsize)@e;
3949				}
3950			}
3951		}
3952
3953# check multi-line statement indentation matches previous line
3954		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3955		    $prevline =~ /^\+([ \t]*)((?:$c90_Keywords(?:\s+if)\s*)|(?:$Declare\s*)?(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*|(?:\*\s*)*$Lval\s*=\s*$Ident\s*)\(.*(\&\&|\|\||,)\s*$/) {
3956			$prevline =~ /^\+(\t*)(.*)$/;
3957			my $oldindent = $1;
3958			my $rest = $2;
3959
3960			my $pos = pos_last_openparen($rest);
3961			if ($pos >= 0) {
3962				$line =~ /^(\+| )([ \t]*)/;
3963				my $newindent = $2;
3964
3965				my $goodtabindent = $oldindent .
3966					"\t" x ($pos / $tabsize) .
3967					" "  x ($pos % $tabsize);
3968				my $goodspaceindent = $oldindent . " "  x $pos;
3969
3970				if ($newindent ne $goodtabindent &&
3971				    $newindent ne $goodspaceindent) {
3972
3973					if (CHK("PARENTHESIS_ALIGNMENT",
3974						"Alignment should match open parenthesis\n" . $hereprev) &&
3975					    $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) {
3976						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3977						    s/^\+[ \t]*/\+$goodtabindent/;
3978					}
3979				}
3980			}
3981		}
3982
3983# check for space after cast like "(int) foo" or "(struct foo) bar"
3984# avoid checking a few false positives:
3985#   "sizeof(<type>)" or "__alignof__(<type>)"
3986#   function pointer declarations like "(*foo)(int) = bar;"
3987#   structure definitions like "(struct foo) { 0 };"
3988#   multiline macros that define functions
3989#   known attributes or the __attribute__ keyword
3990		if ($line =~ /^\+(.*)\(\s*$Type\s*\)([ \t]++)((?![={]|\\$|$Attribute|__attribute__))/ &&
3991		    (!defined($1) || $1 !~ /\b(?:sizeof|__alignof__)\s*$/)) {
3992			if (CHK("SPACING",
3993				"No space is necessary after a cast\n" . $herecurr) &&
3994			    $fix) {
3995				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3996				    s/(\(\s*$Type\s*\))[ \t]+/$1/;
3997			}
3998		}
3999
4000# Block comment styles
4001# Networking with an initial /*
4002		if ($realfile =~ m@^(drivers/net/|net/)@ &&
4003		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\/\*[ \t]*$/ &&
4004		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&
4005		    $realline > 3) { # Do not warn about the initial copyright comment block after SPDX-License-Identifier
4006			WARN("NETWORKING_BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
4007			     "networking block comments don't use an empty /* line, use /* Comment...\n" . $hereprev);
4008		}
4009
4010# Block comments use * on subsequent lines
4011		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
4012		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#starting /*
4013		    $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/ &&		#no trailing */
4014		    $rawline =~ /^\+/ &&			#line is new
4015		    $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) {		#no leading *
4016			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
4017			     "Block comments use * on subsequent lines\n" . $hereprev);
4018		}
4019
4020# Block comments use */ on trailing lines
4021		if ($rawline !~ m@^\+[ \t]*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing */
4022		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*/\*.*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#inline /*...*/
4023		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*\*{2,}/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing **/
4024		    $rawline =~ m@^\+[ \t]*.+\*\/[ \t]*$@) {	#non blank */
4025			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
4026			     "Block comments use a trailing */ on a separate line\n" . $herecurr);
4027		}
4028
4029# Block comment * alignment
4030		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
4031		    $line =~ /^\+[ \t]*$;/ &&			#leading comment
4032		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&		#leading *
4033		    (($prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#leading /*
4034		      $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/) ||		#no trailing */
4035		     $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/)) {		#leading *
4036			my $oldindent;
4037			$prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/?)\*@;
4038			if (defined($1)) {
4039				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
4040			} else {
4041				$prevrawline =~ m@^\+(.*/?)\*@;
4042				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
4043			}
4044			$rawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*)\*@;
4045			my $newindent = $1;
4046			$newindent = expand_tabs($newindent);
4047			if (length($oldindent) ne length($newindent)) {
4048				WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
4049				     "Block comments should align the * on each line\n" . $hereprev);
4050			}
4051		}
4052
4053# check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations
4054# with exceptions for various attributes and macros
4055		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]};?\s*$/ &&
4056		    $line =~ /^\+/ &&
4057		    !($line =~ /^\+\s*$/ ||
4058		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:EXPORT_SYMBOL|early_param|ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION)/ ||
4059		      $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i ||
4060		      $line =~ /^\+\s*\#\s*(?:end|elif|else)/ ||
4061		      $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ ||
4062		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:static\s+)?[A-Z_]*ATTR/ ||
4063		      $line =~ /^\+\s*DECLARE/ ||
4064		      $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ ||
4065		      $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) {
4066			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4067				"Please use a blank line after function/struct/union/enum declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4068			    $fix) {
4069				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4070			}
4071		}
4072
4073# check for multiple consecutive blank lines
4074		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]\s*$/ &&
4075		    $line =~ /^\+\s*$/ &&
4076		    $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) {
4077			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4078				"Please don't use multiple blank lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
4079			    $fix) {
4080				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4081			}
4082
4083			$last_blank_line = $linenr;
4084		}
4085
4086# check for missing blank lines after declarations
4087# (declarations must have the same indentation and not be at the start of line)
4088		if (($prevline =~ /\+(\s+)\S/) && $sline =~ /^\+$1\S/) {
4089			# use temporaries
4090			my $sl = $sline;
4091			my $pl = $prevline;
4092			# remove $Attribute/$Sparse uses to simplify comparisons
4093			$sl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4094			$pl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4095			if (($pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4096			# function pointer declarations
4097			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4098			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4099			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4100			# known declaration macros
4101			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/) &&
4102			# for "else if" which can look like "$Ident $Ident"
4103			    !($pl =~ /^\+\s+$c90_Keywords\b/ ||
4104			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4105			      $pl =~ /(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)\s*$/ ||
4106			# not starting a section or a macro "\" extended line
4107			      $pl =~ /(?:\{\s*|\\)$/) &&
4108			# looks like a declaration
4109			    !($sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4110			# function pointer declarations
4111			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4112			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4113			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4114			# known declaration macros
4115			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ ||
4116			# start of struct or union or enum
4117			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:static\s+)?(?:const\s+)?(?:union|struct|enum|typedef)\b/ ||
4118			# start or end of block or continuation of declaration
4119			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:$|[\{\}\.\#\"\?\:\(\[])/ ||
4120			# bitfield continuation
4121			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ ||
4122			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4123			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+\(?\s*(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/)) {
4124				if (WARN("LINE_SPACING",
4125					 "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4126				    $fix) {
4127					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4128				}
4129			}
4130		}
4131
4132# check for spaces at the beginning of a line.
4133# Exceptions:
4134#  1) within comments
4135#  2) indented preprocessor commands
4136#  3) hanging labels
4137		if ($rawline =~ /^\+ / && $line !~ /^\+ *(?:$;|#|$Ident:)/)  {
4138			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
4139			if (WARN("LEADING_SPACE",
4140				 "please, no spaces at the start of a line\n" . $herevet) &&
4141			    $fix) {
4142				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
4143			}
4144		}
4145
4146# check we are in a valid C source file if not then ignore this hunk
4147		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c)$/);
4148
4149# check for unusual line ending [ or (
4150		if ($line =~ /^\+.*([\[\(])\s*$/) {
4151			CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE",
4152			    "Lines should not end with a '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
4153		}
4154
4155# check if this appears to be the start function declaration, save the name
4156		if ($sline =~ /^\+\{\s*$/ &&
4157		    $prevline =~ /^\+(?:(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*)?($Ident)\(/) {
4158			$context_function = $1;
4159		}
4160
4161# check if this appears to be the end of function declaration
4162		if ($sline =~ /^\+\}\s*$/) {
4163			undef $context_function;
4164		}
4165
4166# check indentation of any line with a bare else
4167# (but not if it is a multiple line "if (foo) return bar; else return baz;")
4168# if the previous line is a break or return and is indented 1 tab more...
4169		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)(?:}[ \t]*)?else(?:[ \t]*{)?\s*$/) {
4170			my $tabs = length($1) + 1;
4171			if ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}break\b/ ||
4172			    ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}return\b/ &&
4173			     defined $lines[$linenr] &&
4174			     $lines[$linenr] !~ /^[ \+]\t{$tabs,$tabs}return/)) {
4175				WARN("UNNECESSARY_ELSE",
4176				     "else is not generally useful after a break or return\n" . $hereprev);
4177			}
4178		}
4179
4180# check indentation of a line with a break;
4181# if the previous line is a goto, return or break
4182# and is indented the same # of tabs
4183		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)break\s*;\s*$/) {
4184			my $tabs = $1;
4185			if ($prevline =~ /^\+$tabs(goto|return|break)\b/) {
4186				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_BREAK",
4187					 "break is not useful after a $1\n" . $hereprev) &&
4188				    $fix) {
4189					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4190				}
4191			}
4192		}
4193
4194# check for RCS/CVS revision markers
4195		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|)/) {
4196			WARN("CVS_KEYWORD",
4197			     "CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
4198		}
4199
4200# check for old HOTPLUG __dev<foo> section markings
4201		if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) {
4202			WARN("HOTPLUG_SECTION",
4203			     "Using $1 is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr);
4204		}
4205
4206# Check for potential 'bare' types
4207		my ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next,
4208		    $realline_next);
4209#print "LINE<$line>\n";
4210		if ($linenr > $suppress_statement &&
4211		    $realcnt && $sline =~ /.\s*\S/) {
4212			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4213				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4214			$stat =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4215			$cond =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4216
4217#print "linenr<$linenr> <$stat>\n";
4218			# If this statement has no statement boundaries within
4219			# it there is no point in retrying a statement scan
4220			# until we hit end of it.
4221			my $frag = $stat; $frag =~ s/;+\s*$//;
4222			if ($frag !~ /(?:{|;)/) {
4223#print "skip<$line_nr_next>\n";
4224				$suppress_statement = $line_nr_next;
4225			}
4226
4227			# Find the real next line.
4228			$realline_next = $line_nr_next;
4229			if (defined $realline_next &&
4230			    (!defined $lines[$realline_next - 1] ||
4231			     substr($lines[$realline_next - 1], $off_next) =~ /^\s*$/)) {
4232				$realline_next++;
4233			}
4234
4235			my $s = $stat;
4236			$s =~ s/{.*$//s;
4237
4238			# Ignore goto labels.
4239			if ($s =~ /$Ident:\*$/s) {
4240
4241			# Ignore functions being called
4242			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
4243
4244			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*else\b/s) {
4245
4246			# declarations always start with types
4247			} elsif ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?((?:\s*$Ident)+?)\b(?:\s+$Sparse)?\s*\**\s*(?:$Ident|\(\*[^\)]*\))(?:\s*$Modifier)?\s*(?:;|=|,|\()/s) {
4248				my $type = $1;
4249				$type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4250				possible($type, "A:" . $s);
4251
4252			# definitions in global scope can only start with types
4253			} elsif ($s =~ /^.(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?($Ident)\b\s*(?!:)/s) {
4254				possible($1, "B:" . $s);
4255			}
4256
4257			# any (foo ... *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type
4258			while ($s =~ /\(($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*[\s\*]+\s*\)/sg) {
4259				possible($1, "C:" . $s);
4260			}
4261
4262			# Check for any sort of function declaration.
4263			# int foo(something bar, other baz);
4264			# void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *);
4265			if ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^(.(?:typedef\s*)?(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*(?:\b$Ident|\(\*\s*$Ident\))\s*)\(/s) {
4266				my ($name_len) = length($1);
4267
4268				my $ctx = $s;
4269				substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, '');
4270				$ctx =~ s/\)[^\)]*$//;
4271
4272				for my $arg (split(/\s*,\s*/, $ctx)) {
4273					if ($arg =~ /^(?:const\s+)?($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*\s*\**\s*(:?\b$Ident)?$/s || $arg =~ /^($Ident)$/s) {
4274
4275						possible($1, "D:" . $s);
4276					}
4277				}
4278			}
4279
4280		}
4281
4282#
4283# Checks which may be anchored in the context.
4284#
4285
4286# Check for switch () and associated case and default
4287# statements should be at the same indent.
4288		if ($line=~/\bswitch\s*\(.*\)/) {
4289			my $err = '';
4290			my $sep = '';
4291			my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt);
4292			shift(@ctx);
4293			for my $ctx (@ctx) {
4294				my ($clen, $cindent) = line_stats($ctx);
4295				if ($ctx =~ /^\+\s*(case\s+|default:)/ &&
4296							$indent != $cindent) {
4297					$err .= "$sep$ctx\n";
4298					$sep = '';
4299				} else {
4300					$sep = "[...]\n";
4301				}
4302			}
4303			if ($err ne '') {
4304				ERROR("SWITCH_CASE_INDENT_LEVEL",
4305				      "switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
4306			}
4307		}
4308
4309# if/while/etc brace do not go on next line, unless defining a do while loop,
4310# or if that brace on the next line is for something else
4311		if ($line =~ /(.*)\b((?:if|while|for|switch|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|do\b|else\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\#/) {
4312			my $pre_ctx = "$1$2";
4313
4314			my ($level, @ctx) = ctx_statement_level($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4315
4316			if ($line =~ /^\+\t{6,}/) {
4317				WARN("DEEP_INDENTATION",
4318				     "Too many leading tabs - consider code refactoring\n" . $herecurr);
4319			}
4320
4321			my $ctx_cnt = $realcnt - $#ctx - 1;
4322			my $ctx = join("\n", @ctx);
4323
4324			my $ctx_ln = $linenr;
4325			my $ctx_skip = $realcnt;
4326
4327			while ($ctx_skip > $ctx_cnt || ($ctx_skip == $ctx_cnt &&
4328					defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] &&
4329					$lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^-/)) {
4330				##print "SKIP<$ctx_skip> CNT<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4331				$ctx_skip-- if (!defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] || $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] !~ /^-/);
4332				$ctx_ln++;
4333			}
4334
4335			#print "realcnt<$realcnt> ctx_cnt<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4336			#print "pre<$pre_ctx>\nline<$line>\nctx<$ctx>\nnext<$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]>\n";
4337
4338			if ($ctx !~ /{\s*/ && defined($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*{/) {
4339				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4340				      "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
4341					"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4342			}
4343			if ($level == 0 && $pre_ctx !~ /}\s*while\s*\($/ &&
4344			    $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ &&
4345			    defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1])
4346			{
4347				my ($nlength, $nindent) = line_stats($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]);
4348				if ($nindent > $indent) {
4349					WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
4350					     "trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
4351						"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4352				}
4353			}
4354		}
4355
4356# Check relative indent for conditionals and blocks.
4357		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:if|while|for|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|(?:do|else)\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/ && $line !~ /\}\s*while\s*/) {
4358			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4359				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
4360					if (!defined $stat);
4361			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
4362
4363			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
4364
4365			# remove inline comments
4366			$s =~ s/$;/ /g;
4367			$c =~ s/$;/ /g;
4368
4369			# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
4370			my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
4371			my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
4372
4373			# Make sure we remove the line prefixes as we have
4374			# none on the first line, and are going to readd them
4375			# where necessary.
4376			$s =~ s/\n./\n/gs;
4377			while ($s =~ /\n\s+\\\n/) {
4378				$cond_lines += $s =~ s/\n\s+\\\n/\n/g;
4379			}
4380
4381			# We want to check the first line inside the block
4382			# starting at the end of the conditional, so remove:
4383			#  1) any blank line termination
4384			#  2) any opening brace { on end of the line
4385			#  3) any do (...) {
4386			my $continuation = 0;
4387			my $check = 0;
4388			$s =~ s/^.*\bdo\b//;
4389			$s =~ s/^\s*{//;
4390			if ($s =~ s/^\s*\\//) {
4391				$continuation = 1;
4392			}
4393			if ($s =~ s/^\s*?\n//) {
4394				$check = 1;
4395				$cond_lines++;
4396			}
4397
4398			# Also ignore a loop construct at the end of a
4399			# preprocessor statement.
4400			if (($prevline =~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s/ ||
4401			    $prevline =~ /\\\s*$/) && $continuation == 0) {
4402				$check = 0;
4403			}
4404
4405			my $cond_ptr = -1;
4406			$continuation = 0;
4407			while ($cond_ptr != $cond_lines) {
4408				$cond_ptr = $cond_lines;
4409
4410				# If we see an #else/#elif then the code
4411				# is not linear.
4412				if ($s =~ /^\s*\#\s*(?:else|elif)/) {
4413					$check = 0;
4414				}
4415
4416				# Ignore:
4417				#  1) blank lines, they should be at 0,
4418				#  2) preprocessor lines, and
4419				#  3) labels.
4420				if ($continuation ||
4421				    $s =~ /^\s*?\n/ ||
4422				    $s =~ /^\s*#\s*?/ ||
4423				    $s =~ /^\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
4424					$continuation = ($s =~ /^.*?\\\n/) ? 1 : 0;
4425					if ($s =~ s/^.*?\n//) {
4426						$cond_lines++;
4427					}
4428				}
4429			}
4430
4431			my (undef, $sindent) = line_stats("+" . $s);
4432			my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines);
4433
4434			# Check if either of these lines are modified, else
4435			# this is not this patch's fault.
4436			if (!defined($stat_real) ||
4437			    $stat !~ /^\+/ && $stat_real !~ /^\+/) {
4438				$check = 0;
4439			}
4440			if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
4441				$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
4442			}
4443
4444			#print "line<$line> prevline<$prevline> indent<$indent> sindent<$sindent> check<$check> continuation<$continuation> s<$s> cond_lines<$cond_lines> stat_real<$stat_real> stat<$stat>\n";
4445
4446			if ($check && $s ne '' &&
4447			    (($sindent % $tabsize) != 0 ||
4448			     ($sindent < $indent) ||
4449			     ($sindent == $indent &&
4450			      ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\}|\{|else\b)/)) ||
4451			     ($sindent > $indent + $tabsize))) {
4452				WARN("SUSPECT_CODE_INDENT",
4453				     "suspect code indent for conditional statements ($indent, $sindent)\n" . $herecurr . "$stat_real\n");
4454			}
4455		}
4456
4457		# Track the 'values' across context and added lines.
4458		my $opline = $line; $opline =~ s/^./ /;
4459		my ($curr_values, $curr_vars) =
4460				annotate_values($opline . "\n", $prev_values);
4461		$curr_values = $prev_values . $curr_values;
4462		if ($dbg_values) {
4463			my $outline = $opline; $outline =~ s/\t/ /g;
4464			print "$linenr > .$outline\n";
4465			print "$linenr > $curr_values\n";
4466			print "$linenr >  $curr_vars\n";
4467		}
4468		$prev_values = substr($curr_values, -1);
4469
4470#ignore lines not being added
4471		next if ($line =~ /^[^\+]/);
4472
4473# check for self assignments used to avoid compiler warnings
4474# e.g.:	int foo = foo, *bar = NULL;
4475#	struct foo bar = *(&(bar));
4476		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)\s*=/) {
4477			my $var = $1;
4478			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?$var\s*=\s*(?:$var|\*\s*\(?\s*&\s*\(?\s*$var\s*\)?\s*\)?)\s*[;,]/) {
4479				WARN("SELF_ASSIGNMENT",
4480				     "Do not use self-assignments to avoid compiler warnings\n" . $herecurr);
4481			}
4482		}
4483
4484# check for dereferences that span multiple lines
4485		if ($prevline =~ /^\+.*$Lval\s*(?:\.|->)\s*$/ &&
4486		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?!\#\s*(?!define\s+|if))\s*$Lval/) {
4487			$prevline =~ /($Lval\s*(?:\.|->))\s*$/;
4488			my $ref = $1;
4489			$line =~ /^.\s*($Lval)/;
4490			$ref .= $1;
4491			$ref =~ s/\s//g;
4492			WARN("MULTILINE_DEREFERENCE",
4493			     "Avoid multiple line dereference - prefer '$ref'\n" . $hereprev);
4494		}
4495
4496# check for declarations of signed or unsigned without int
4497		while ($line =~ m{\b($Declare)\s*(?!char\b|short\b|int\b|long\b)\s*($Ident)?\s*[=,;\[\)\(]}g) {
4498			my $type = $1;
4499			my $var = $2;
4500			$var = "" if (!defined $var);
4501			if ($type =~ /^(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline|$Attribute)\s+)*((?:un)?signed)((?:\s*\*)*)\s*$/) {
4502				my $sign = $1;
4503				my $pointer = $2;
4504
4505				$pointer = "" if (!defined $pointer);
4506
4507				if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT",
4508					 "Prefer '" . trim($sign) . " int" . rtrim($pointer) . "' to bare use of '$sign" . rtrim($pointer) . "'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4509				    $fix) {
4510					my $decl = trim($sign) . " int ";
4511					my $comp_pointer = $pointer;
4512					$comp_pointer =~ s/\s//g;
4513					$decl .= $comp_pointer;
4514					$decl = rtrim($decl) if ($var eq "");
4515					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\b$sign\s*\Q$pointer\E\s*$var\b@$decl$var@;
4516				}
4517			}
4518		}
4519
4520# TEST: allow direct testing of the type matcher.
4521		if ($dbg_type) {
4522			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Declare\s*$/) {
4523				ERROR("TEST_TYPE",
4524				      "TEST: is type\n" . $herecurr);
4525			} elsif ($dbg_type > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Declare)/) {
4526				ERROR("TEST_NOT_TYPE",
4527				      "TEST: is not type ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4528			}
4529			next;
4530		}
4531# TEST: allow direct testing of the attribute matcher.
4532		if ($dbg_attr) {
4533			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) {
4534				ERROR("TEST_ATTR",
4535				      "TEST: is attr\n" . $herecurr);
4536			} elsif ($dbg_attr > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Modifier)/) {
4537				ERROR("TEST_NOT_ATTR",
4538				      "TEST: is not attr ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4539			}
4540			next;
4541		}
4542
4543# check for initialisation to aggregates open brace on the next line
4544		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4545		    $prevline =~ /(?:^|[^=])=\s*$/) {
4546			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4547				  "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4548			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4549				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4550				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4551				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
4552				$fixedline =~ s/\s*=\s*$/ = {/;
4553				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4554				$fixedline = $line;
4555				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1/;
4556				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4557			}
4558		}
4559
4560#
4561# Checks which are anchored on the added line.
4562#
4563
4564# check for malformed paths in #include statements (uses RAW line)
4565		if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[<"](.*)[">]}) {
4566			my $path = $1;
4567			if ($path =~ m{//}) {
4568				ERROR("MALFORMED_INCLUDE",
4569				      "malformed #include filename\n" . $herecurr);
4570			}
4571			if ($path =~ "^uapi/" && $realfile =~ m@\binclude/uapi/@) {
4572				ERROR("UAPI_INCLUDE",
4573				      "No #include in ...include/uapi/... should use a uapi/ path prefix\n" . $herecurr);
4574			}
4575		}
4576
4577# no C99 // comments
4578		if ($line =~ m{//}) {
4579			if (ERROR("C99_COMMENTS",
4580				  "do not use C99 // comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
4581			    $fix) {
4582				my $line = $fixed[$fixlinenr];
4583				if ($line =~ /\/\/(.*)$/) {
4584					my $comment = trim($1);
4585					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\/\/(.*)$@/\* $comment \*/@;
4586				}
4587			}
4588		}
4589		# Remove C99 comments.
4590		$line =~ s@//.*@@;
4591		$opline =~ s@//.*@@;
4592
4593# EXPORT_SYMBOL should immediately follow the thing it is exporting, consider
4594# the whole statement.
4595#print "APW <$lines[$realline_next - 1]>\n";
4596		if (defined $realline_next &&
4597		    exists $lines[$realline_next - 1] &&
4598		    !defined $suppress_export{$realline_next} &&
4599		    ($lines[$realline_next - 1] =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4600			# Handle definitions which produce identifiers with
4601			# a prefix:
4602			#   XXX(foo);
4603			#   EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo);
4604			my $name = $1;
4605			$name =~ s/^\s*($Ident).*/$1/;
4606			if ($stat =~ /^(?:.\s*}\s*\n)?.([A-Z_]+)\s*\(\s*($Ident)/ &&
4607			    $name =~ /^${Ident}_$2/) {
4608#print "FOO C name<$name>\n";
4609				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4610
4611			} elsif ($stat !~ /(?:
4612				\n.}\s*$|
4613				^.DEFINE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4614				^.DECLARE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4615				^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)|
4616				^.(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(|
4617				\b\Q$name\E(?:\s+$Attribute)*\s*(?:;|=|\[|\()
4618			    )/x) {
4619#print "FOO A<$lines[$realline_next - 1]> stat<$stat> name<$name>\n";
4620				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 2;
4621			} else {
4622				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4623			}
4624		}
4625		if (!defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4626		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*$/ &&
4627		    ($line =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4628#print "FOO B <$lines[$linenr - 1]>\n";
4629			$suppress_export{$linenr} = 2;
4630		}
4631		if (defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4632		    $suppress_export{$linenr} == 2) {
4633			WARN("EXPORT_SYMBOL",
4634			     "EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable\n" . $herecurr);
4635		}
4636
4637# check for global initialisers.
4638		if ($line =~ /^\+$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*\s*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/ &&
4639		    !exclude_global_initialisers($realfile)) {
4640			if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS",
4641				  "do not initialise globals to $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
4642			    $fix) {
4643				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4644			}
4645		}
4646# check for static initialisers.
4647		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\bstatic\s.*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/) {
4648			if (ERROR("INITIALISED_STATIC",
4649				  "do not initialise statics to $1\n" .
4650				      $herecurr) &&
4651			    $fix) {
4652				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s.*?)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4653			}
4654		}
4655
4656# check for misordered declarations of char/short/int/long with signed/unsigned
4657		while ($sline =~ m{(\b$TypeMisordered\b)}g) {
4658			my $tmp = trim($1);
4659			WARN("MISORDERED_TYPE",
4660			     "type '$tmp' should be specified in [[un]signed] [short|int|long|long long] order\n" . $herecurr);
4661		}
4662
4663# check for unnecessary <signed> int declarations of short/long/long long
4664		while ($sline =~ m{\b($TypeMisordered(\s*\*)*|$C90_int_types)\b}g) {
4665			my $type = trim($1);
4666			next if ($type !~ /\bint\b/);
4667			next if ($type !~ /\b(?:short|long\s+long|long)\b/);
4668			my $new_type = $type;
4669			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*int\s*\b/ /;
4670			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*(?:un)?signed\b\s*/ /;
4671			$new_type =~ s/^const\s+//;
4672			$new_type = "unsigned $new_type" if ($type =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
4673			$new_type = "const $new_type" if ($type =~ /^const\b/);
4674			$new_type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4675			$new_type = trim($new_type);
4676			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_INT",
4677				 "Prefer '$new_type' over '$type' as the int is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr) &&
4678			    $fix) {
4679				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$type\E\b/$new_type/;
4680			}
4681		}
4682
4683# check for static const char * arrays.
4684		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+const\s+char\s*\*\s*(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*/) {
4685			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4686			     "static const char * array should probably be static const char * const\n" .
4687				$herecurr);
4688		}
4689
4690# check for initialized const char arrays that should be static const
4691		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*const\s+(char|unsigned\s+char|_*u8|(?:[us]_)?int8_t)\s+\w+\s*\[\s*(?:\w+\s*)?\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4692			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4693				 "const array should probably be static const\n" . $herecurr) &&
4694			    $fix) {
4695				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.\s*)const\b/${1}static const/;
4696			}
4697		}
4698
4699# check for static char foo[] = "bar" declarations.
4700		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+char\s+(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4701			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4702			     "static char array declaration should probably be static const char\n" .
4703				$herecurr);
4704		}
4705
4706# check for const <foo> const where <foo> is not a pointer or array type
4707		if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4708			my $found = $1;
4709			if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\b\s*\*/) {
4710				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4711				     "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . $herecurr);
4712			} elsif ($sline !~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\s+\w+\s*\[/) {
4713				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4714				     "'const $found const' should probably be 'const $found'\n" . $herecurr);
4715			}
4716		}
4717
4718# check for const static or static <non ptr type> const declarations
4719# prefer 'static const <foo>' over 'const static <foo>' and 'static <foo> const'
4720		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s*const\s+static\s+($Type)\b/ ||
4721		    $sline =~ /^\+\s*static\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4722			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST",
4723				 "Move const after static - use 'static const $1'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4724			    $fix) {
4725				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bconst\s+static\b/static const/;
4726				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bstatic\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/static const $1/;
4727			}
4728		}
4729
4730# check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", ...} declarations.
4731		if ($line =~ /^.\s+(?:static\s+|const\s+)?char\s+\*\s*\w+\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*\{/) {
4732			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4733			     "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" .
4734				$herecurr);
4735		}
4736
4737# check for sizeof(foo)/sizeof(foo[0]) that could be ARRAY_SIZE(foo)
4738		if ($line =~ m@\bsizeof\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)@) {
4739			my $array = $1;
4740			if ($line =~ m@\b(sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\)\s*/\s*sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\[\s*0\s*\]\s*\))@) {
4741				my $array_div = $1;
4742				if (WARN("ARRAY_SIZE",
4743					 "Prefer ARRAY_SIZE($array)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4744				    $fix) {
4745					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$array_div\E/ARRAY_SIZE($array)/;
4746				}
4747			}
4748		}
4749
4750# check for function declarations without arguments like "int foo()"
4751		if ($line =~ /(\b$Type\s*$Ident)\s*\(\s*\)/) {
4752			if (ERROR("FUNCTION_WITHOUT_ARGS",
4753				  "Bad function definition - $1() should probably be $1(void)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4754			    $fix) {
4755				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\b($Type)\s+($Ident))\s*\(\s*\)/$2 $3(void)/;
4756			}
4757		}
4758
4759# check for new typedefs, only function parameters and sparse annotations
4760# make sense.
4761		if ($line =~ /\btypedef\s/ &&
4762		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s*\(\s*\*?$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/ &&
4763		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s+$Ident\s*\(/ &&
4764		    $line !~ /\b$typeTypedefs\b/ &&
4765		    $line !~ /\b__bitwise\b/) {
4766			WARN("NEW_TYPEDEFS",
4767			     "do not add new typedefs\n" . $herecurr);
4768		}
4769
4770# * goes on variable not on type
4771		# (char*[ const])
4772		while ($line =~ m{(\($NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)\))}g) {
4773			#print "AA<$1>\n";
4774			my ($ident, $from, $to) = ($1, $2, $2);
4775
4776			# Should start with a space.
4777			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4778			# Should not end with a space.
4779			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4780			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4781			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4782			}
4783
4784##			print "1: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4785			if ($from ne $to) {
4786				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4787					  "\"(foo$from)\" should be \"(foo$to)\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4788				    $fix) {
4789					my $sub_from = $ident;
4790					my $sub_to = $ident;
4791					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4792					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4793					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4794				}
4795			}
4796		}
4797		while ($line =~ m{(\b$NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) {
4798			#print "BB<$1>\n";
4799			my ($match, $from, $to, $ident) = ($1, $2, $2, $3);
4800
4801			# Should start with a space.
4802			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4803			# Should not end with a space.
4804			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4805			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4806			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4807			}
4808			# Modifiers should have spaces.
4809			$to =~ s/(\b$Modifier$)/$1 /;
4810
4811##			print "2: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4812			if ($from ne $to && $ident !~ /^$Modifier$/) {
4813				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4814					  "\"foo${from}bar\" should be \"foo${to}bar\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4815				    $fix) {
4816
4817					my $sub_from = $match;
4818					my $sub_to = $match;
4819					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4820					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4821					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4822				}
4823			}
4824		}
4825
4826# do not use BUG() or variants
4827		if ($line =~ /\b(?!AA_|BUILD_|DCCP_|IDA_|KVM_|RWLOCK_|snd_|SPIN_)(?:[a-zA-Z_]*_)?BUG(?:_ON)?(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(/) {
4828			my $msg_level = \&WARN;
4829			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
4830			&{$msg_level}("AVOID_BUG",
4831				      "Do not crash the kernel unless it is absolutely unavoidable--use WARN_ON_ONCE() plus recovery code (if feasible) instead of BUG() or variants\n" . $herecurr);
4832		}
4833
4834# avoid LINUX_VERSION_CODE
4835		if ($line =~ /\bLINUX_VERSION_CODE\b/) {
4836			WARN("LINUX_VERSION_CODE",
4837			     "LINUX_VERSION_CODE should be avoided, code should be for the version to which it is merged\n" . $herecurr);
4838		}
4839
4840# check for uses of printk_ratelimit
4841		if ($line =~ /\bprintk_ratelimit\s*\(/) {
4842			WARN("PRINTK_RATELIMITED",
4843			     "Prefer printk_ratelimited or pr_<level>_ratelimited to printk_ratelimit\n" . $herecurr);
4844		}
4845
4846# printk should use KERN_* levels
4847		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*(?!KERN_[A-Z]+\b)/) {
4848			WARN("PRINTK_WITHOUT_KERN_LEVEL",
4849			     "printk() should include KERN_<LEVEL> facility level\n" . $herecurr);
4850		}
4851
4852# prefer variants of (subsystem|netdev|dev|pr)_<level> to printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4853		if ($line =~ /\b(printk(_once|_ratelimited)?)\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4854			my $printk = $1;
4855			my $modifier = $2;
4856			my $orig = $3;
4857			$modifier = "" if (!defined($modifier));
4858			my $level = lc($orig);
4859			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4860			my $level2 = $level;
4861			$level2 = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4862			$level .= $modifier;
4863			$level2 .= $modifier;
4864			WARN("PREFER_PR_LEVEL",
4865			     "Prefer [subsystem eg: netdev]_$level2([subsystem]dev, ... then dev_$level2(dev, ... then pr_$level(...  to $printk(KERN_$orig ...\n" . $herecurr);
4866		}
4867
4868# prefer dev_<level> to dev_printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4869		if ($line =~ /\bdev_printk\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4870			my $orig = $1;
4871			my $level = lc($orig);
4872			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4873			$level = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4874			WARN("PREFER_DEV_LEVEL",
4875			     "Prefer dev_$level(... to dev_printk(KERN_$orig, ...\n" . $herecurr);
4876		}
4877
4878# trace_printk should not be used in production code.
4879		if ($line =~ /\b(trace_printk|trace_puts|ftrace_vprintk)\s*\(/) {
4880			WARN("TRACE_PRINTK",
4881			     "Do not use $1() in production code (this can be ignored if built only with a debug config option)\n" . $herecurr);
4882		}
4883
4884# ENOSYS means "bad syscall nr" and nothing else.  This will have a small
4885# number of false positives, but assembly files are not checked, so at
4886# least the arch entry code will not trigger this warning.
4887		if ($line =~ /\bENOSYS\b/) {
4888			WARN("ENOSYS",
4889			     "ENOSYS means 'invalid syscall nr' and nothing else\n" . $herecurr);
4890		}
4891
4892# ENOTSUPP is not a standard error code and should be avoided in new patches.
4893# Folks usually mean EOPNOTSUPP (also called ENOTSUP), when they type ENOTSUPP.
4894# Similarly to ENOSYS warning a small number of false positives is expected.
4895		if (!$file && $line =~ /\bENOTSUPP\b/) {
4896			if (WARN("ENOTSUPP",
4897				 "ENOTSUPP is not a SUSV4 error code, prefer EOPNOTSUPP\n" . $herecurr) &&
4898			    $fix) {
4899				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bENOTSUPP\b/EOPNOTSUPP/;
4900			}
4901		}
4902
4903# function brace can't be on same line, except for #defines of do while,
4904# or if closed on same line
4905		if ($perl_version_ok &&
4906		    $sline =~ /$Type\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*\{/ &&
4907		    $sline !~ /\#\s*define\b.*do\s*\{/ &&
4908		    $sline !~ /}/) {
4909			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4910				  "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herecurr) &&
4911			    $fix) {
4912				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4913				my $fixed_line = $rawline;
4914				$fixed_line =~ /(^..*$Type\s*$Ident\(.*\)\s*)\{(.*)$/;
4915				my $line1 = $1;
4916				my $line2 = $2;
4917				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, ltrim($line1));
4918				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+{");
4919				if ($line2 !~ /^\s*$/) {
4920					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+\t" . trim($line2));
4921				}
4922			}
4923		}
4924
4925# open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line.
4926		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4927		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?\s*$/) {
4928			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4929				  "open brace '{' following $1 go on the same line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4930			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4931				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4932				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4933				my $fixedline = rtrim($prevrawline) . " {";
4934				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4935				$fixedline = $rawline;
4936				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1\t/;
4937				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
4938					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4939				}
4940			}
4941		}
4942
4943# missing space after union, struct or enum definition
4944		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2}[=\{]/) {
4945			if (WARN("SPACING",
4946				 "missing space after $1 definition\n" . $herecurr) &&
4947			    $fix) {
4948				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4949				    s/^(.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(?:enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2})([=\{])/$1 $2/;
4950			}
4951		}
4952
4953# Function pointer declarations
4954# check spacing between type, funcptr, and args
4955# canonical declaration is "type (*funcptr)(args...)"
4956		if ($line =~ /^.\s*($Declare)\((\s*)\*(\s*)($Ident)(\s*)\)(\s*)\(/) {
4957			my $declare = $1;
4958			my $pre_pointer_space = $2;
4959			my $post_pointer_space = $3;
4960			my $funcname = $4;
4961			my $post_funcname_space = $5;
4962			my $pre_args_space = $6;
4963
4964# the $Declare variable will capture all spaces after the type
4965# so check it for a missing trailing missing space but pointer return types
4966# don't need a space so don't warn for those.
4967			my $post_declare_space = "";
4968			if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) {
4969				$post_declare_space = $1;
4970				$declare = rtrim($declare);
4971			}
4972			if ($declare !~ /\*$/ && $post_declare_space =~ /^$/) {
4973				WARN("SPACING",
4974				     "missing space after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4975				$post_declare_space = " ";
4976			}
4977
4978# unnecessary space "type  (*funcptr)(args...)"
4979# This test is not currently implemented because these declarations are
4980# equivalent to
4981#	int  foo(int bar, ...)
4982# and this is form shouldn't/doesn't generate a checkpatch warning.
4983#
4984#			elsif ($declare =~ /\s{2,}$/) {
4985#				WARN("SPACING",
4986#				     "Multiple spaces after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4987#			}
4988
4989# unnecessary space "type ( *funcptr)(args...)"
4990			if (defined $pre_pointer_space &&
4991			    $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
4992				WARN("SPACING",
4993				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer open parenthesis\n" . $herecurr);
4994			}
4995
4996# unnecessary space "type (* funcptr)(args...)"
4997			if (defined $post_pointer_space &&
4998			    $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
4999				WARN("SPACING",
5000				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
5001			}
5002
5003# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr )(args...)"
5004			if (defined $post_funcname_space &&
5005			    $post_funcname_space =~ /^\s/) {
5006				WARN("SPACING",
5007				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
5008			}
5009
5010# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr) (args...)"
5011			if (defined $pre_args_space &&
5012			    $pre_args_space =~ /^\s/) {
5013				WARN("SPACING",
5014				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $herecurr);
5015			}
5016
5017			if (show_type("SPACING") && $fix) {
5018				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5019				    s/^(.\s*)$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/$1 . $declare . $post_declare_space . '(*' . $funcname . ')('/ex;
5020			}
5021		}
5022
5023# check for spacing round square brackets; allowed:
5024#  1. with a type on the left -- int [] a;
5025#  2. at the beginning of a line for slice initialisers -- [0...10] = 5,
5026#  3. inside a curly brace -- = { [0...10] = 5 }
5027		while ($line =~ /(.*?\s)\[/g) {
5028			my ($where, $prefix) = ($-[1], $1);
5029			if ($prefix !~ /$Type\s+$/ &&
5030			    ($where != 0 || $prefix !~ /^.\s+$/) &&
5031			    $prefix !~ /[{,:]\s+$/) {
5032				if (ERROR("BRACKET_SPACE",
5033					  "space prohibited before open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
5034				    $fix) {
5035				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5036					s/^(\+.*?)\s+\[/$1\[/;
5037				}
5038			}
5039		}
5040
5041# check for spaces between functions and their parentheses.
5042		while ($line =~ /($Ident)\s+\(/g) {
5043			my $name = $1;
5044			my $ctx_before = substr($line, 0, $-[1]);
5045			my $ctx = "$ctx_before$name";
5046
5047			# Ignore those directives where spaces _are_ permitted.
5048			if ($name =~ /^(?:
5049				if|for|while|switch|return|case|
5050				volatile|__volatile__|
5051				__attribute__|format|__extension__|
5052				asm|__asm__|scoped_guard)$/x)
5053			{
5054			# cpp #define statements have non-optional spaces, ie
5055			# if there is a space between the name and the open
5056			# parenthesis it is simply not a parameter group.
5057			} elsif ($ctx_before =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$/) {
5058
5059			# cpp #elif statement condition may start with a (
5060			} elsif ($ctx =~ /^.\s*\#\s*elif\s*$/) {
5061
5062			# If this whole things ends with a type its most
5063			# likely a typedef for a function.
5064			} elsif ($ctx =~ /$Type$/) {
5065
5066			} else {
5067				if (WARN("SPACING",
5068					 "space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5069					     $fix) {
5070					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5071					    s/\b$name\s+\(/$name\(/;
5072				}
5073			}
5074		}
5075
5076# Check operator spacing.
5077		if (!($line=~/\#\s*include/)) {
5078			my $fixed_line = "";
5079			my $line_fixed = 0;
5080
5081			my $ops = qr{
5082				<<=|>>=|<=|>=|==|!=|
5083				\+=|-=|\*=|\/=|%=|\^=|\|=|&=|
5084				=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|=|!|~|
5085				&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%|
5086				\?:|\?|:
5087			}x;
5088			my @elements = split(/($ops|;)/, $opline);
5089
5090##			print("element count: <" . $#elements . ">\n");
5091##			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5092##				print("el: <$el>\n");
5093##			}
5094
5095			my @fix_elements = ();
5096			my $off = 0;
5097
5098			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5099				push(@fix_elements, substr($rawline, $off, length($el)));
5100				$off += length($el);
5101			}
5102
5103			$off = 0;
5104
5105			my $blank = copy_spacing($opline);
5106			my $last_after = -1;
5107
5108			for (my $n = 0; $n < $#elements; $n += 2) {
5109
5110				my $good = $fix_elements[$n] . $fix_elements[$n + 1];
5111
5112##				print("n: <$n> good: <$good>\n");
5113
5114				$off += length($elements[$n]);
5115
5116				# Pick up the preceding and succeeding characters.
5117				my $ca = substr($opline, 0, $off);
5118				my $cc = '';
5119				if (length($opline) >= ($off + length($elements[$n + 1]))) {
5120					$cc = substr($opline, $off + length($elements[$n + 1]));
5121				}
5122				my $cb = "$ca$;$cc";
5123
5124				my $a = '';
5125				$a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne '');
5126				$a = 'W' if ($elements[$n] =~ /\s$/);
5127				$a = 'C' if ($elements[$n] =~ /$;$/);
5128				$a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/);
5129				$a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq '');
5130				$a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/);
5131
5132				my $op = $elements[$n + 1];
5133
5134				my $c = '';
5135				if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) {
5136					$c = 'V' if ($elements[$n + 2] ne '');
5137					$c = 'W' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s/);
5138					$c = 'C' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^$;/);
5139					$c = 'B' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^(\)|\]|;)/);
5140					$c = 'O' if ($elements[$n + 2] eq '');
5141					$c = 'E' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s*\\$/);
5142				} else {
5143					$c = 'E';
5144				}
5145
5146				my $ctx = "${a}x${c}";
5147
5148				my $at = "(ctx:$ctx)";
5149
5150				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $off) . "^";
5151				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
5152
5153				# Pull out the value of this operator.
5154				my $op_type = substr($curr_values, $off + 1, 1);
5155
5156				# Get the full operator variant.
5157				my $opv = $op . substr($curr_vars, $off, 1);
5158
5159				# Ignore operators passed as parameters.
5160				if ($op_type ne 'V' &&
5161				    $ca =~ /\s$/ && $cc =~ /^\s*[,\)]/) {
5162
5163#				# Ignore comments
5164#				} elsif ($op =~ /^$;+$/) {
5165
5166				# ; should have either the end of line or a space or \ after it
5167				} elsif ($op eq ';') {
5168					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEBC]/ &&
5169					    $cc !~ /^\\/ && $cc !~ /^;/) {
5170						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5171							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5172							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5173							$line_fixed = 1;
5174						}
5175					}
5176
5177				# // is a comment
5178				} elsif ($op eq '//') {
5179
5180				#   :   when part of a bitfield
5181				} elsif ($opv eq ':B') {
5182					# skip the bitfield test for now
5183
5184				# No spaces for:
5185				#   ->
5186				} elsif ($op eq '->') {
5187					if ($ctx =~ /Wx.|.xW/) {
5188						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5189							  "spaces prohibited around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5190							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5191							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5192								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5193							}
5194							$line_fixed = 1;
5195						}
5196					}
5197
5198				# , must not have a space before and must have a space on the right.
5199				} elsif ($op eq ',') {
5200					my $rtrim_before = 0;
5201					my $space_after = 0;
5202					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./) {
5203						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5204							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5205							$line_fixed = 1;
5206							$rtrim_before = 1;
5207						}
5208					}
5209					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEC]/ && $cc !~ /^}/) {
5210						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5211							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5212							$line_fixed = 1;
5213							$last_after = $n;
5214							$space_after = 1;
5215						}
5216					}
5217					if ($rtrim_before || $space_after) {
5218						if ($rtrim_before) {
5219							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5220						} else {
5221							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5222						}
5223						if ($space_after) {
5224							$good .= " ";
5225						}
5226					}
5227
5228				# '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already.
5229				} elsif ($opv eq '*_') {
5230					#warn "'*' is part of type\n";
5231
5232				# unary operators should have a space before and
5233				# none after.  May be left adjacent to another
5234				# unary operator, or a cast
5235				} elsif ($op eq '!' || $op eq '~' ||
5236					 $opv eq '*U' || $opv eq '-U' ||
5237					 $opv eq '&U' || $opv eq '&&U') {
5238					if ($ctx !~ /[WEBC]x./ && $ca !~ /(?:\)|!|~|\*|-|\&|\||\+\+|\-\-|\{)$/) {
5239						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5240							  "space required before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5241							if ($n != $last_after + 2) {
5242								$good = $fix_elements[$n] . " " . ltrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5243								$line_fixed = 1;
5244							}
5245						}
5246					}
5247					if ($op eq '*' && $cc =~/\s*$Modifier\b/) {
5248						# A unary '*' may be const
5249
5250					} elsif ($ctx =~ /.xW/) {
5251						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5252							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5253							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5254							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5255								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5256							}
5257							$line_fixed = 1;
5258						}
5259					}
5260
5261				# unary ++ and unary -- are allowed no space on one side.
5262				} elsif ($op eq '++' or $op eq '--') {
5263					if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) {
5264						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5265							  "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5266							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5267							$line_fixed = 1;
5268						}
5269					}
5270					if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ ||
5271					    ($ctx =~ /Wx./ && $cc =~ /^;/)) {
5272						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5273							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5274							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5275							$line_fixed = 1;
5276						}
5277					}
5278					if ($ctx =~ /ExW/) {
5279						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5280							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5281							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5282							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5283								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5284							}
5285							$line_fixed = 1;
5286						}
5287					}
5288
5289				# << and >> may either have or not have spaces both sides
5290				} elsif ($op eq '<<' or $op eq '>>' or
5291					 $op eq '&' or $op eq '^' or $op eq '|' or
5292					 $op eq '+' or $op eq '-' or
5293					 $op eq '*' or $op eq '/' or
5294					 $op eq '%')
5295				{
5296					if ($check) {
5297						if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /[EW]x[EW]/) {
5298							if (CHK("SPACING",
5299								"spaces preferred around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5300								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5301								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5302								$line_fixed = 1;
5303							}
5304						} elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) {
5305							if (CHK("SPACING",
5306								"space preferred before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5307								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5308								$line_fixed = 1;
5309							}
5310						}
5311					} elsif ($ctx =~ /Wx[^WCE]|[^WCE]xW/) {
5312						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5313							  "need consistent spacing around '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5314							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5315							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5316								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5317							}
5318							$line_fixed = 1;
5319						}
5320					}
5321
5322				# A colon needs no spaces before when it is
5323				# terminating a case value or a label.
5324				} elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') {
5325					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./ and $realfile !~ m@.*\.lds\.h$@) {
5326						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5327							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5328							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5329							$line_fixed = 1;
5330						}
5331					}
5332
5333				# All the others need spaces both sides.
5334				} elsif ($ctx !~ /[EWC]x[CWE]/) {
5335					my $ok = 0;
5336
5337					# Ignore email addresses <foo@bar>
5338					if (($op eq '<' &&
5339					     $cc =~ /^\S+\@\S+>/) ||
5340					    ($op eq '>' &&
5341					     $ca =~ /<\S+\@\S+$/))
5342					{
5343						$ok = 1;
5344					}
5345
5346					# for asm volatile statements
5347					# ignore a colon with another
5348					# colon immediately before or after
5349					if (($op eq ':') &&
5350					    ($ca =~ /:$/ || $cc =~ /^:/)) {
5351						$ok = 1;
5352					}
5353
5354					# messages are ERROR, but ?: are CHK
5355					if ($ok == 0) {
5356						my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
5357						$msg_level = \&CHK if (($op eq '?:' || $op eq '?' || $op eq ':') && $ctx =~ /VxV/);
5358
5359						if (&{$msg_level}("SPACING",
5360								  "spaces required around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5361							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5362							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5363								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5364							}
5365							$line_fixed = 1;
5366						}
5367					}
5368				}
5369				$off += length($elements[$n + 1]);
5370
5371##				print("n: <$n> GOOD: <$good>\n");
5372
5373				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $good;
5374			}
5375
5376			if (($#elements % 2) == 0) {
5377				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $fix_elements[$#elements];
5378			}
5379
5380			if ($fix && $line_fixed && $fixed_line ne $fixed[$fixlinenr]) {
5381				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = $fixed_line;
5382			}
5383
5384
5385		}
5386
5387# check for whitespace before a non-naked semicolon
5388		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\S\s+;\s*$/) {
5389			if (WARN("SPACING",
5390				 "space prohibited before semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
5391			    $fix) {
5392				1 while $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5393				    s/^(\+.*\S)\s+;/$1;/;
5394			}
5395		}
5396
5397# check for multiple assignments
5398		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Lval\s*=\s*$Lval\s*=(?!=)/) {
5399			CHK("MULTIPLE_ASSIGNMENTS",
5400			    "multiple assignments should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5401		}
5402
5403## # check for multiple declarations, allowing for a function declaration
5404## # continuation.
5405## 		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Ident.*/ &&
5406## 		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident.*/) {
5407##
5408## 			# Remove any bracketed sections to ensure we do not
5409## 			# falsely report the parameters of functions.
5410## 			my $ln = $line;
5411## 			while ($ln =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g) {
5412## 			}
5413## 			if ($ln =~ /,/) {
5414## 				WARN("MULTIPLE_DECLARATION",
5415##				     "declaring multiple variables together should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5416## 			}
5417## 		}
5418
5419#need space before brace following if, while, etc
5420		if (($line =~ /\(.*\)\{/ && $line !~ /\($Type\)\{/) ||
5421		    $line =~ /\b(?:else|do)\{/) {
5422			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5423				  "space required before the open brace '{'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5424			    $fix) {
5425				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(?:do|else|\)))\{/$1 {/;
5426			}
5427		}
5428
5429## # check for blank lines before declarations
5430##		if ($line =~ /^.\t+$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=.*)?;/ &&
5431##		    $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/) {
5432##			WARN("SPACING",
5433##			     "No blank lines before declarations\n" . $hereprev);
5434##		}
5435##
5436
5437# closing brace should have a space following it when it has anything
5438# on the line
5439		if ($line =~ /}(?!(?:,|;|\)|\}))\S/) {
5440			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5441				  "space required after that close brace '}'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5442			    $fix) {
5443				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5444				    s/}((?!(?:,|;|\)))\S)/} $1/;
5445			}
5446		}
5447
5448# check spacing on square brackets
5449		if ($line =~ /\[\s/ && $line !~ /\[\s*$/) {
5450			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5451				  "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
5452			    $fix) {
5453				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5454				    s/\[\s+/\[/;
5455			}
5456		}
5457		if ($line =~ /\s\]/) {
5458			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5459				  "space prohibited before that close square bracket ']'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5460			    $fix) {
5461				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5462				    s/\s+\]/\]/;
5463			}
5464		}
5465
5466# check spacing on parentheses
5467		if ($line =~ /\(\s/ && $line !~ /\(\s*(?:\\)?$/ &&
5468		    $line !~ /for\s*\(\s+;/) {
5469			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5470				  "space prohibited after that open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5471			    $fix) {
5472				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5473				    s/\(\s+/\(/;
5474			}
5475		}
5476		if ($line =~ /(\s+)\)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\)/ &&
5477		    $line !~ /for\s*\(.*;\s+\)/ &&
5478		    $line !~ /:\s+\)/) {
5479			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5480				  "space prohibited before that close parenthesis ')'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5481			    $fix) {
5482				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5483				    s/\s+\)/\)/;
5484			}
5485		}
5486
5487# check unnecessary parentheses around addressof/dereference single $Lvals
5488# ie: &(foo->bar) should be &foo->bar and *(foo->bar) should be *foo->bar
5489
5490		while ($line =~ /(?:[^&]&\s*|\*)\(\s*($Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+)\s*\)/g) {
5491			my $var = $1;
5492			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5493				"Unnecessary parentheses around $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5494			    $fix) {
5495				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$var\E\s*\)/$var/;
5496			}
5497		}
5498
5499# check for unnecessary parentheses around function pointer uses
5500# ie: (foo->bar)(); should be foo->bar();
5501# but not "if (foo->bar) (" to avoid some false positives
5502		if ($line =~ /(\bif\s*|)(\(\s*$Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+\))[ \t]*\(/ && $1 !~ /^if/) {
5503			my $var = $2;
5504			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5505				"Unnecessary parentheses around function pointer $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5506			    $fix) {
5507				my $var2 = deparenthesize($var);
5508				$var2 =~ s/\s//g;
5509				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$var\E/$var2/;
5510			}
5511		}
5512
5513# check for unnecessary parentheses around comparisons in if uses
5514# when !drivers/staging or command-line uses --strict
5515		if (($realfile !~ m@^(?:drivers/staging/)@ || $check_orig) &&
5516		    $perl_version_ok && defined($stat) &&
5517		    $stat =~ /(^.\s*if\s*($balanced_parens))/) {
5518			my $if_stat = $1;
5519			my $test = substr($2, 1, -1);
5520			my $herectx;
5521			while ($test =~ /(?:^|[^\w\&\!\~])+\s*\(\s*([\&\!\~]?\s*$Lval\s*(?:$Compare\s*$FuncArg)?)\s*\)/g) {
5522				my $match = $1;
5523				# avoid parentheses around potential macro args
5524				next if ($match =~ /^\s*\w+\s*$/);
5525				if (!defined($herectx)) {
5526					$herectx = $here . "\n";
5527					my $cnt = statement_rawlines($if_stat);
5528					for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
5529						my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
5530						$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
5531						last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
5532					}
5533				}
5534				CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5535				    "Unnecessary parentheses around '$match'\n" . $herectx);
5536			}
5537		}
5538
5539# check that goto labels aren't indented (allow a single space indentation)
5540# and ignore bitfield definitions like foo:1
5541# Strictly, labels can have whitespace after the identifier and before the :
5542# but this is not allowed here as many ?: uses would appear to be labels
5543		if ($sline =~ /^.\s+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*:(?!\s*\d+)/ &&
5544		    $sline !~ /^. [A-Za-z\d_][A-Za-z\d_]*:/ &&
5545		    $sline !~ /^.\s+default:/) {
5546			if (WARN("INDENTED_LABEL",
5547				 "labels should not be indented\n" . $herecurr) &&
5548			    $fix) {
5549				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5550				    s/^(.)\s+/$1/;
5551			}
5552		}
5553
5554# check if a statement with a comma should be two statements like:
5555#	foo = bar(),	/* comma should be semicolon */
5556#	bar = baz();
5557		if (defined($stat) &&
5558		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*,\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*;\s*$/) {
5559			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
5560			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
5561			WARN("SUSPECT_COMMA_SEMICOLON",
5562			     "Possible comma where semicolon could be used\n" . $herectx);
5563		}
5564
5565# return is not a function
5566		if (defined($stat) && $stat =~ /^.\s*return(\s*)\(/s) {
5567			my $spacing = $1;
5568			if ($perl_version_ok &&
5569			    $stat =~ /^.\s*return\s*($balanced_parens)\s*;\s*$/) {
5570				my $value = $1;
5571				$value = deparenthesize($value);
5572				if ($value =~ m/^\s*$FuncArg\s*(?:\?|$)/) {
5573					ERROR("RETURN_PARENTHESES",
5574					      "return is not a function, parentheses are not required\n" . $herecurr);
5575				}
5576			} elsif ($spacing !~ /\s+/) {
5577				ERROR("SPACING",
5578				      "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
5579			}
5580		}
5581
5582# unnecessary return in a void function
5583# at end-of-function, with the previous line a single leading tab, then return;
5584# and the line before that not a goto label target like "out:"
5585		if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ &&
5586		    $prevline =~ /^\+\treturn\s*;\s*$/ &&
5587		    $linenr >= 3 &&
5588		    $lines[$linenr - 3] =~ /^[ +]/ &&
5589		    $lines[$linenr - 3] !~ /^[ +]\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
5590			WARN("RETURN_VOID",
5591			     "void function return statements are not generally useful\n" . $hereprev);
5592		}
5593
5594# if statements using unnecessary parentheses - ie: if ((foo == bar))
5595		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5596		    $line =~ /\bif\s*((?:\(\s*){2,})/) {
5597			my $openparens = $1;
5598			my $count = $openparens =~ tr@\(@\(@;
5599			my $msg = "";
5600			if ($line =~ /\bif\s*(?:\(\s*){$count,$count}$LvalOrFunc\s*($Compare)\s*$LvalOrFunc(?:\s*\)){$count,$count}/) {
5601				my $comp = $4;	#Not $1 because of $LvalOrFunc
5602				$msg = " - maybe == should be = ?" if ($comp eq "==");
5603				WARN("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5604				     "Unnecessary parentheses$msg\n" . $herecurr);
5605			}
5606		}
5607
5608# comparisons with a constant or upper case identifier on the left
5609#	avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz"
5610#	only fix matches surrounded by parentheses to avoid incorrect
5611#	conversions like "FOO < baz() + 5" being "misfixed" to "baz() > FOO + 5"
5612		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5613		    $line =~ /^\+(.*)\b($Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)\s*($Compare)\s*($LvalOrFunc)/) {
5614			my $lead = $1;
5615			my $const = $2;
5616			my $comp = $3;
5617			my $to = $4;
5618			my $newcomp = $comp;
5619			if ($lead !~ /(?:$Operators|\.)\s*$/ &&
5620			    $to !~ /^(?:Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)$/ &&
5621			    WARN("CONSTANT_COMPARISON",
5622				 "Comparisons should place the constant on the right side of the test\n" . $herecurr) &&
5623			    $fix) {
5624				if ($comp eq "<") {
5625					$newcomp = ">";
5626				} elsif ($comp eq "<=") {
5627					$newcomp = ">=";
5628				} elsif ($comp eq ">") {
5629					$newcomp = "<";
5630				} elsif ($comp eq ">=") {
5631					$newcomp = "<=";
5632				}
5633				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$const\E\s*$Compare\s*\Q$to\E\s*\)/($to $newcomp $const)/;
5634			}
5635		}
5636
5637# Return of what appears to be an errno should normally be negative
5638		if ($sline =~ /\breturn(?:\s*\(+\s*|\s+)(E[A-Z]+)(?:\s*\)+\s*|\s*)[;:,]/) {
5639			my $name = $1;
5640			if ($name ne 'EOF' && $name ne 'ERROR' && $name !~ /^EPOLL/) {
5641				WARN("USE_NEGATIVE_ERRNO",
5642				     "return of an errno should typically be negative (ie: return -$1)\n" . $herecurr);
5643			}
5644		}
5645
5646# Need a space before open parenthesis after if, while etc
5647		if ($line =~ /\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/) {
5648			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5649				  "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5650			    $fix) {
5651				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5652				    s/\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/$1 \(/;
5653			}
5654		}
5655
5656# Check for illegal assignment in if conditional -- and check for trailing
5657# statements after the conditional.
5658		if ($line =~ /do\s*(?!{)/) {
5659			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
5660				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
5661					if (!defined $stat);
5662			my ($stat_next) = ctx_statement_block($line_nr_next,
5663						$remain_next, $off_next);
5664			$stat_next =~ s/\n./\n /g;
5665			##print "stat<$stat> stat_next<$stat_next>\n";
5666
5667			if ($stat_next =~ /^\s*while\b/) {
5668				# If the statement carries leading newlines,
5669				# then count those as offsets.
5670				my ($whitespace) =
5671					($stat_next =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
5672				my $offset =
5673					statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
5674
5675				$suppress_whiletrailers{$line_nr_next +
5676								$offset} = 1;
5677			}
5678		}
5679		if (!defined $suppress_whiletrailers{$linenr} &&
5680		    defined($stat) && defined($cond) &&
5681		    $line =~ /\b(?:if|while|for)\s*\(/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/) {
5682			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
5683			my $fixed_assign_in_if = 0;
5684
5685			if ($c =~ /\bif\s*\(.*[^<>!=]=[^=].*/s) {
5686				if (ERROR("ASSIGN_IN_IF",
5687					  "do not use assignment in if condition\n" . $herecurr) &&
5688				    $fix && $perl_version_ok) {
5689					if ($rawline =~ /^\+(\s+)if\s*\(\s*(\!)?\s*\(\s*(($Lval)\s*=\s*$LvalOrFunc)\s*\)\s*(?:($Compare)\s*($FuncArg))?\s*\)\s*(\{)?\s*$/) {
5690						my $space = $1;
5691						my $not = $2;
5692						my $statement = $3;
5693						my $assigned = $4;
5694						my $test = $8;
5695						my $against = $9;
5696						my $brace = $15;
5697						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5698						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "$space$statement;");
5699						my $newline = "${space}if (";
5700						$newline .= '!' if defined($not);
5701						$newline .= '(' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5702						$newline .= "$assigned";
5703						$newline .= " $test $against" if (defined($test) && defined($against));
5704						$newline .= ')' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5705						$newline .= ')';
5706						$newline .= " {" if (defined($brace));
5707						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, $newline);
5708						$fixed_assign_in_if = 1;
5709					}
5710				}
5711			}
5712
5713			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5714			# conditional.
5715			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5716			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5717			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5718			if (length($c) && $s !~ /^\s*{?\s*\\*\s*$/ &&
5719			    $c !~ /}\s*while\s*/)
5720			{
5721				# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
5722				my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
5723				my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
5724				my $stat_real = '';
5725
5726				$stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines)
5727							. "\n" if ($cond_lines);
5728				if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
5729					$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
5730				}
5731
5732				if (ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5733					  "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr . $stat_real) &&
5734				    !$fixed_assign_in_if &&
5735				    $cond_lines == 0 &&
5736				    $fix && $perl_version_ok &&
5737				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ /^\+(\s*)((?:if|while|for)\s*$balanced_parens)\s*(.*)$/) {
5738					my $indent = $1;
5739					my $test = $2;
5740					my $rest = rtrim($4);
5741					if ($rest =~ /;$/) {
5742						$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+$indent$test";
5743						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, "$indent\t$rest");
5744					}
5745				}
5746			}
5747		}
5748
5749# Check for bitwise tests written as boolean
5750		if ($line =~ /
5751			(?:
5752				(?:\[|\(|\&\&|\|\|)
5753				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5754				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5755			|
5756				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5757				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5758				(?:\&\&|\|\||\)|\])
5759			)/x)
5760		{
5761			WARN("HEXADECIMAL_BOOLEAN_TEST",
5762			     "boolean test with hexadecimal, perhaps just 1 \& or \|?\n" . $herecurr);
5763		}
5764
5765# if and else should not have general statements after it
5766		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:}\s*)?else\b(.*)/) {
5767			my $s = $1;
5768			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5769			if ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\sif|(?:{|)\s*\\?\s*$)/) {
5770				ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5771				      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5772			}
5773		}
5774# if should not continue a brace
5775		if ($line =~ /}\s*if\b/) {
5776			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5777			      "trailing statements should be on next line (or did you mean 'else if'?)\n" .
5778				$herecurr);
5779		}
5780# case and default should not have general statements after them
5781		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:case\s*.*|default\s*):/g &&
5782		    $line !~ /\G(?:
5783			(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*{)?(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*\\)?\s*$|
5784			\s*return\s+
5785		    )/xg)
5786		{
5787			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5788			      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5789		}
5790
5791		# Check for }<nl>else {, these must be at the same
5792		# indent level to be relevant to each other.
5793		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*else\s*/ &&
5794		    $previndent == $indent) {
5795			if (ERROR("ELSE_AFTER_BRACE",
5796				  "else should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5797			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5798				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5799				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5800				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5801				$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$//;
5802				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
5803					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5804				}
5805				$fixedline = $rawline;
5806				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)else/$1} else/;
5807				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5808			}
5809		}
5810
5811		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*while\s*/ &&
5812		    $previndent == $indent) {
5813			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5814
5815			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5816			# conditional.
5817			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5818			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5819
5820			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
5821				if (ERROR("WHILE_AFTER_BRACE",
5822					  "while should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5823				    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5824					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5825					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5826					my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5827					my $trailing = $rawline;
5828					$trailing =~ s/^\+//;
5829					$trailing = trim($trailing);
5830					$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$/} $trailing/;
5831					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5832				}
5833			}
5834		}
5835
5836#Specific variable tests
5837		while ($line =~ m{($Constant|$Lval)}g) {
5838			my $var = $1;
5839
5840#CamelCase
5841			if ($var !~ /^$Constant$/ &&
5842			    $var =~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/ &&
5843#Ignore some autogenerated defines and enum values
5844			    $var !~ /^(?:[A-Z]+_){1,5}[A-Z]{1,3}[a-z]/ &&
5845#Ignore Page<foo> variants
5846			    $var !~ /^(?:Clear|Set|TestClear|TestSet|)Page[A-Z]/ &&
5847#Ignore ETHTOOL_LINK_MODE_<foo> variants
5848			    $var !~ /^ETHTOOL_LINK_MODE_/ &&
5849#Ignore SI style variants like nS, mV and dB
5850#(ie: max_uV, regulator_min_uA_show, RANGE_mA_VALUE)
5851			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z0-9_]*|[A-Z0-9_]*)?_?[a-z][A-Z](?:_[a-z0-9_]+|_[A-Z0-9_]+)?$/ &&
5852#Ignore some three character SI units explicitly, like MiB and KHz
5853			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z_]*?)_?(?:[KMGT]iB|[KMGT]?Hz)(?:_[a-z_]+)?$/) {
5854				while ($var =~ m{\b($Ident)}g) {
5855					my $word = $1;
5856					next if ($word !~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/);
5857					if ($check) {
5858						seed_camelcase_includes();
5859						if (!$file && !$camelcase_file_seeded) {
5860							seed_camelcase_file($realfile);
5861							$camelcase_file_seeded = 1;
5862						}
5863					}
5864					if (!defined $camelcase{$word}) {
5865						$camelcase{$word} = 1;
5866						CHK("CAMELCASE",
5867						    "Avoid CamelCase: <$word>\n" . $herecurr);
5868					}
5869				}
5870			}
5871		}
5872
5873#no spaces allowed after \ in define
5874		if ($line =~ /\#\s*define.*\\\s+$/) {
5875			if (WARN("WHITESPACE_AFTER_LINE_CONTINUATION",
5876				 "Whitespace after \\ makes next lines useless\n" . $herecurr) &&
5877			    $fix) {
5878				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
5879			}
5880		}
5881
5882# warn if <asm/foo.h> is #included and <linux/foo.h> is available and includes
5883# itself <asm/foo.h> (uses RAW line)
5884		if ($tree && $rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s*\<asm\/(.*)\.h\>}) {
5885			my $file = "$1.h";
5886			my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file";
5887			if (-f "$root/$checkfile" &&
5888			    $realfile ne $checkfile &&
5889			    $1 !~ /$allowed_asm_includes/)
5890			{
5891				my $asminclude = `grep -Ec "#include\\s+<asm/$file>" $root/$checkfile`;
5892				if ($asminclude > 0) {
5893					if ($realfile =~ m{^arch/}) {
5894						CHK("ARCH_INCLUDE_LINUX",
5895						    "Consider using #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5896					} else {
5897						WARN("INCLUDE_LINUX",
5898						     "Use #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5899					}
5900				}
5901			}
5902		}
5903
5904# multi-statement macros should be enclosed in a do while loop, grab the
5905# first statement and ensure its the whole macro if its not enclosed
5906# in a known good container
5907		if ($realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
5908		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$Ident(\()?/) {
5909			my $ln = $linenr;
5910			my $cnt = $realcnt;
5911			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
5912			my $ctx = '';
5913			my $has_flow_statement = 0;
5914			my $has_arg_concat = 0;
5915			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
5916				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5917			$ctx = $dstat;
5918			#print "dstat<$dstat> dcond<$dcond> cnt<$cnt> off<$off>\n";
5919			#print "LINE<$lines[$ln-1]> len<" . length($lines[$ln-1]) . "\n";
5920
5921			$has_flow_statement = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\b(goto|return)\b/);
5922			$has_arg_concat = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\#\#/ && $ctx !~ /\#\#\s*(?:__VA_ARGS__|args)\b/);
5923
5924			$dstat =~ s/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\([^\)]*\))?\s*//;
5925			my $define_args = $1;
5926			my $define_stmt = $dstat;
5927			my @def_args = ();
5928
5929			if (defined $define_args && $define_args ne "") {
5930				$define_args = substr($define_args, 1, length($define_args) - 2);
5931				$define_args =~ s/\s*//g;
5932				$define_args =~ s/\\\+?//g;
5933				@def_args = split(",", $define_args);
5934			}
5935
5936			$dstat =~ s/$;//g;
5937			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
5938			$dstat =~ s/^\s*//s;
5939			$dstat =~ s/\s*$//s;
5940
5941			# Flatten any parentheses and braces
5942			while ($dstat =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)/1u/ ||
5943			       $dstat =~ s/\{[^\{\}]*\}/1u/ ||
5944			       $dstat =~ s/.\[[^\[\]]*\]/1u/)
5945			{
5946			}
5947
5948			# Flatten any obvious string concatenation.
5949			while ($dstat =~ s/($String)\s*$Ident/$1/ ||
5950			       $dstat =~ s/$Ident\s*($String)/$1/)
5951			{
5952			}
5953
5954			# Make asm volatile uses seem like a generic function
5955			$dstat =~ s/\b_*asm_*\s+_*volatile_*\b/asm_volatile/g;
5956
5957			my $exceptions = qr{
5958				$Declare|
5959				module_param_named|
5960				MODULE_PARM_DESC|
5961				DECLARE_PER_CPU|
5962				DEFINE_PER_CPU|
5963				__typeof__\(|
5964				union|
5965				struct|
5966				\.$Ident\s*=\s*|
5967				^\"|\"$|
5968				^\[
5969			}x;
5970			#print "REST<$rest> dstat<$dstat> ctx<$ctx>\n";
5971
5972			$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
5973			my $stmt_cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
5974			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $stmt_cnt, $here);
5975
5976			if ($dstat ne '' &&
5977			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant),$/ &&			# 10, // foo(),
5978			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant);$/ &&			# foo();
5979			    $dstat !~ /^[!~-]?(?:$Lval|$Constant)$/ &&		# 10 // foo() // !foo // ~foo // -foo // foo->bar // foo.bar->baz
5980			    $dstat !~ /^'X'$/ && $dstat !~ /^'XX'$/ &&			# character constants
5981			    $dstat !~ /$exceptions/ &&
5982			    $dstat !~ /^\.$Ident\s*=/ &&				# .foo =
5983			    $dstat !~ /^(?:\#\s*$Ident|\#\s*$Constant)\s*$/ &&		# stringification #foo
5984			    $dstat !~ /^case\b/ &&					# case ...
5985			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*$Constant\s*while\s*$Constant;?$/ &&	# do {...} while (...); // do {...} while (...)
5986			    $dstat !~ /^while\s*$Constant\s*$Constant\s*$/ &&		# while (...) {...}
5987			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant$/ &&				# for (...)
5988			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)$/ &&	# for (...) bar()
5989			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*{/ &&					# do {...
5990			    $dstat !~ /^\(\{/ &&						# ({...
5991			    $ctx !~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s+TRACE_(?:SYSTEM|INCLUDE_FILE|INCLUDE_PATH)\b/)
5992			{
5993				if ($dstat =~ /^\s*if\b/) {
5994					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
5995					      "Macros starting with if should be enclosed by a do - while loop to avoid possible if/else logic defects\n" . "$herectx");
5996				} elsif ($dstat =~ /;/) {
5997					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
5998					      "Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while loop\n" . "$herectx");
5999				} else {
6000					ERROR("COMPLEX_MACRO",
6001					      "Macros with complex values should be enclosed in parentheses\n" . "$herectx");
6002				}
6003
6004			}
6005
6006			# Make $define_stmt single line, comment-free, etc
6007			my @stmt_array = split('\n', $define_stmt);
6008			my $first = 1;
6009			$define_stmt = "";
6010			foreach my $l (@stmt_array) {
6011				$l =~ s/\\$//;
6012				if ($first) {
6013					$define_stmt = $l;
6014					$first = 0;
6015				} elsif ($l =~ /^[\+ ]/) {
6016					$define_stmt .= substr($l, 1);
6017				}
6018			}
6019			$define_stmt =~ s/$;//g;
6020			$define_stmt =~ s/\s+/ /g;
6021			$define_stmt = trim($define_stmt);
6022
6023# check if any macro arguments are reused (ignore '...' and 'type')
6024			foreach my $arg (@def_args) {
6025			        next if ($arg =~ /\.\.\./);
6026			        next if ($arg =~ /^type$/i);
6027				my $tmp_stmt = $define_stmt;
6028				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b(__must_be_array|offsetof|sizeof|sizeof_field|__stringify|typeof|__typeof__|__builtin\w+|typecheck\s*\(\s*$Type\s*,|\#+)\s*\(*\s*$arg\s*\)*\b//g;
6029				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\#+\s*$arg\b//g;
6030				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b$arg\s*\#\#//g;
6031				my $use_cnt = () = $tmp_stmt =~ /\b$arg\b/g;
6032				if ($use_cnt > 1) {
6033					CHK("MACRO_ARG_REUSE",
6034					    "Macro argument reuse '$arg' - possible side-effects?\n" . "$herectx");
6035				    }
6036# check if any macro arguments may have other precedence issues
6037				if ($tmp_stmt =~ m/($Operators)?\s*\b$arg\b\s*($Operators)?/m &&
6038				    ((defined($1) && $1 ne ',') ||
6039				     (defined($2) && $2 ne ','))) {
6040					CHK("MACRO_ARG_PRECEDENCE",
6041					    "Macro argument '$arg' may be better as '($arg)' to avoid precedence issues\n" . "$herectx");
6042				}
6043			}
6044
6045# check for macros with flow control, but without ## concatenation
6046# ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those
6047			if ($has_flow_statement && !$has_arg_concat) {
6048				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6049				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6050
6051				WARN("MACRO_WITH_FLOW_CONTROL",
6052				     "Macros with flow control statements should be avoided\n" . "$herectx");
6053			}
6054
6055# check for line continuations outside of #defines, preprocessor #, and asm
6056
6057		} elsif ($realfile =~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@) {
6058		    $line =~ s/(\w+)/$maybe_linker_symbol{$1}++/ge;
6059		    #print "REAL: $realfile\nln: $line\nkeys:", sort keys %maybe_linker_symbol;
6060		} else {
6061			if ($prevline !~ /^..*\\$/ &&
6062			    $line !~ /^\+\s*\#.*\\$/ &&		# preprocessor
6063			    $line !~ /^\+.*\b(__asm__|asm)\b.*\\$/ &&	# asm
6064			    $line =~ /^\+.*\\$/) {
6065				WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6066				     "Avoid unnecessary line continuations\n" . $herecurr);
6067			}
6068		}
6069
6070# do {} while (0) macro tests:
6071# single-statement macros do not need to be enclosed in do while (0) loop,
6072# macro should not end with a semicolon
6073		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6074		    $realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
6075		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\()?/) {
6076			my $ln = $linenr;
6077			my $cnt = $realcnt;
6078			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
6079			my $ctx = '';
6080			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
6081				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
6082			$ctx = $dstat;
6083
6084			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
6085			$dstat =~ s/$;/ /g;
6086
6087			if ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident\s*${balanced_parens}\s*do\s*{(.*)\s*}\s*while\s*\(\s*0\s*\)\s*([;\s]*)\s*$/) {
6088				my $stmts = $2;
6089				my $semis = $3;
6090
6091				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6092				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6093				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6094
6095				if (($stmts =~ tr/;/;/) == 1 &&
6096				    $stmts !~ /^\s*(if|while|for|switch)\b/) {
6097					WARN("SINGLE_STATEMENT_DO_WHILE_MACRO",
6098					     "Single statement macros should not use a do {} while (0) loop\n" . "$herectx");
6099				}
6100				if (defined $semis && $semis ne "") {
6101					WARN("DO_WHILE_MACRO_WITH_TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6102					     "do {} while (0) macros should not be semicolon terminated\n" . "$herectx");
6103				}
6104			} elsif ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident.*;\s*$/) {
6105				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6106				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6107				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6108
6109				WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6110				     "macros should not use a trailing semicolon\n" . "$herectx");
6111			}
6112		}
6113
6114# check for redundant bracing round if etc
6115		if ($line =~ /(^.*)\bif\b/ && $1 !~ /else\s*$/) {
6116			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6117				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1);
6118			#print "chunks<$#chunks> linenr<$linenr> endln<$endln> level<$level>\n";
6119			#print "APW: <<$chunks[1][0]>><<$chunks[1][1]>>\n";
6120			if ($#chunks > 0 && $level == 0) {
6121				my @allowed = ();
6122				my $allow = 0;
6123				my $seen = 0;
6124				my $herectx = $here . "\n";
6125				my $ln = $linenr - 1;
6126				for my $chunk (@chunks) {
6127					my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunk};
6128
6129					# If the condition carries leading newlines, then count those as offsets.
6130					my ($whitespace) = ($cond =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
6131					my $offset = statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
6132
6133					$allowed[$allow] = 0;
6134					#print "COND<$cond> whitespace<$whitespace> offset<$offset>\n";
6135
6136					# We have looked at and allowed this specific line.
6137					$suppress_ifbraces{$ln + $offset} = 1;
6138
6139					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$ln + $offset]\n[...]\n";
6140					$ln += statement_rawlines($block) - 1;
6141
6142					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6143
6144					$seen++ if ($block =~ /^\s*{/);
6145
6146					#print "cond<$cond> block<$block> allowed<$allowed[$allow]>\n";
6147					if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6148						#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6149						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6150					}
6151					if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6152						#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6153						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6154					}
6155					if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6156						#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6157						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6158					}
6159					$allow++;
6160				}
6161				if ($seen) {
6162					my $sum_allowed = 0;
6163					foreach (@allowed) {
6164						$sum_allowed += $_;
6165					}
6166					if ($sum_allowed == 0) {
6167						WARN("BRACES",
6168						     "braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6169					} elsif ($sum_allowed != $allow &&
6170						 $seen != $allow) {
6171						CHK("BRACES",
6172						    "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6173					}
6174				}
6175			}
6176		}
6177		if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} &&
6178					$line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) {
6179			my $allowed = 0;
6180
6181			# Check the pre-context.
6182			if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) {
6183				#print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n";
6184				$allowed = 1;
6185			}
6186
6187			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6188				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]);
6189
6190			# Check the condition.
6191			my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]};
6192			#print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n";
6193			if (defined $cond) {
6194				substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6195			}
6196			if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6197				#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6198				$allowed = 1;
6199			}
6200			if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6201				#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6202				$allowed = 1;
6203			}
6204			if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6205				#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6206				$allowed = 1;
6207			}
6208			# Check the post-context.
6209			if (defined $chunks[1]) {
6210				my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]};
6211				if (defined $cond) {
6212					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6213				}
6214				if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) {
6215					#print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n";
6216					$allowed = 1;
6217				}
6218			}
6219			if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) {
6220				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block);
6221				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6222
6223				WARN("BRACES",
6224				     "braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx);
6225			}
6226		}
6227
6228# check for single line unbalanced braces
6229		if ($sline =~ /^.\s*\}\s*else\s*$/ ||
6230		    $sline =~ /^.\s*else\s*\{\s*$/) {
6231			CHK("BRACES", "Unbalanced braces around else statement\n" . $herecurr);
6232		}
6233
6234# check for unnecessary blank lines around braces
6235		if (($line =~ /^.\s*}\s*$/ && $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/)) {
6236			if (CHK("BRACES",
6237				"Blank lines aren't necessary before a close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6238			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
6239				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6240			}
6241		}
6242		if (($rawline =~ /^.\s*$/ && $prevline =~ /^..*{\s*$/)) {
6243			if (CHK("BRACES",
6244				"Blank lines aren't necessary after an open brace '{'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6245			    $fix) {
6246				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6247			}
6248		}
6249
6250# no volatiles please
6251		my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b};
6252		if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) {
6253			WARN("VOLATILE",
6254			     "Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6255		}
6256
6257# Check for user-visible strings broken across lines, which breaks the ability
6258# to grep for the string.  Make exceptions when the previous string ends in a
6259# newline (multiple lines in one string constant) or '\t', '\r', ';', or '{'
6260# (common in inline assembly) or is a octal \123 or hexadecimal \xaf value
6261		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String/ &&
6262		    $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ &&
6263		    $prevrawline !~ /(?:\\(?:[ntr]|[0-7]{1,3}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})|;\s*|\{\s*)"\s*$/) {
6264			if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING",
6265				 "quoted string split across lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
6266				     $fix &&
6267				     $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*"\s*$/ &&
6268				     $last_coalesced_string_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
6269				my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6270				my $comma_close = "";
6271				if ($rawline =~ /\Q$extracted_string\E(\s*\)\s*;\s*$|\s*,\s*)/) {
6272					$comma_close = $1;
6273				}
6274
6275				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6276				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6277				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
6278				$fixedline =~ s/"\s*$//;
6279				$fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . trim($comma_close);
6280				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr - 1, $fixedline);
6281				$fixedline = $rawline;
6282				$fixedline =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\Q$comma_close\E//;
6283				if ($fixedline !~ /\+\s*$/) {
6284					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
6285				}
6286				$last_coalesced_string_linenr = $linenr;
6287			}
6288		}
6289
6290# check for missing a space in a string concatenation
6291		if ($prevrawline =~ /[^\\]\w"$/ && $rawline =~ /^\+[\t ]+"\w/) {
6292			WARN('MISSING_SPACE',
6293			     "break quoted strings at a space character\n" . $hereprev);
6294		}
6295
6296# check for an embedded function name in a string when the function is known
6297# This does not work very well for -f --file checking as it depends on patch
6298# context providing the function name or a single line form for in-file
6299# function declarations
6300		if ($line =~ /^\+.*$String/ &&
6301		    defined($context_function) &&
6302		    get_quoted_string($line, $rawline) =~ /\b$context_function\b/ &&
6303		    length(get_quoted_string($line, $rawline)) != (length($context_function) + 2)) {
6304			WARN("EMBEDDED_FUNCTION_NAME",
6305			     "Prefer using '\"%s...\", __func__' to using '$context_function', this function's name, in a string\n" . $herecurr);
6306		}
6307
6308# check for unnecessary function tracing like uses
6309# This does not use $logFunctions because there are many instances like
6310# 'dprintk(FOO, "%s()\n", __func__);' which do not match $logFunctions
6311		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\([^"]*"$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}%s(?:\s*\(\s*\)\s*)?$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}(?:\\n)?"\s*,\s*__func__\s*\)\s*;/) {
6312			if (WARN("TRACING_LOGGING",
6313				 "Unnecessary ftrace-like logging - prefer using ftrace\n" . $herecurr) &&
6314			    $fix) {
6315                                fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6316			}
6317		}
6318
6319# check for spaces before a quoted newline
6320		if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) {
6321			if (WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE",
6322				 "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
6323			    $fix) {
6324				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*\".*)\s+\\n/$1\\n/;
6325			}
6326
6327		}
6328
6329# concatenated string without spaces between elements
6330		if ($line =~ /$String[A-Z_]/ ||
6331		    ($line =~ /([A-Za-z0-9_]+)$String/ && $1 !~ /^[Lu]$/)) {
6332			if (CHK("CONCATENATED_STRING",
6333				"Concatenated strings should use spaces between elements\n" . $herecurr) &&
6334			    $fix) {
6335				while ($line =~ /($String)/g) {
6336					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6337					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E([A-Za-z0-9_])/$extracted_string $1/;
6338					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/([A-Za-z0-9_])\Q$extracted_string\E/$1 $extracted_string/;
6339				}
6340			}
6341		}
6342
6343# uncoalesced string fragments
6344		if ($line =~ /$String\s*[Lu]?"/) {
6345			if (WARN("STRING_FRAGMENTS",
6346				 "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . $herecurr) &&
6347			    $fix) {
6348				while ($line =~ /($String)(?=\s*")/g) {
6349					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6350					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\s*"/substr($extracted_string, 0, -1)/e;
6351				}
6352			}
6353		}
6354
6355# check for non-standard and hex prefixed decimal printf formats
6356		my $show_L = 1;	#don't show the same defect twice
6357		my $show_Z = 1;
6358		while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) {
6359			my $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]);
6360			$string =~ s/%%/__/g;
6361			# check for %L
6362			if ($show_L && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*L([diouxX])/) {
6363				WARN("PRINTF_L",
6364				     "\%L$1 is non-standard C, use %ll$1\n" . $herecurr);
6365				$show_L = 0;
6366			}
6367			# check for %Z
6368			if ($show_Z && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*Z([diouxX])/) {
6369				WARN("PRINTF_Z",
6370				     "%Z$1 is non-standard C, use %z$1\n" . $herecurr);
6371				$show_Z = 0;
6372			}
6373			# check for 0x<decimal>
6374			if ($string =~ /0x%[\*\d\.\$\Llzth]*[diou]/) {
6375				ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL",
6376				      "Prefixing 0x with decimal output is defective\n" . $herecurr);
6377			}
6378		}
6379
6380# check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of "
6381		if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $sline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) {
6382			WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6383			     "Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr);
6384		}
6385
6386# warn about #if 0
6387		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) {
6388			WARN("IF_0",
6389			     "Consider removing the code enclosed by this #if 0 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6390		}
6391
6392# warn about #if 1
6393		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+1\b/) {
6394			WARN("IF_1",
6395			     "Consider removing the #if 1 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6396		}
6397
6398# check for needless "if (<foo>) fn(<foo>)" uses
6399		if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)/) {
6400			my $tested = quotemeta($1);
6401			my $expr = '\s*\(\s*' . $tested . '\s*\)\s*;';
6402			if ($line =~ /\b(kfree|usb_free_urb|debugfs_remove(?:_recursive)?|(?:kmem_cache|mempool|dma_pool)_destroy)$expr/) {
6403				my $func = $1;
6404				if (WARN('NEEDLESS_IF',
6405					 "$func(NULL) is safe and this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev) &&
6406				    $fix) {
6407					my $do_fix = 1;
6408					my $leading_tabs = "";
6409					my $new_leading_tabs = "";
6410					if ($lines[$linenr - 2] =~ /^\+(\t*)if\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*$/) {
6411						$leading_tabs = $1;
6412					} else {
6413						$do_fix = 0;
6414					}
6415					if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6416						$new_leading_tabs = $1;
6417						if (length($leading_tabs) + 1 ne length($new_leading_tabs)) {
6418							$do_fix = 0;
6419						}
6420					} else {
6421						$do_fix = 0;
6422					}
6423					if ($do_fix) {
6424						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6425						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+$new_leading_tabs/\+$leading_tabs/;
6426					}
6427				}
6428			}
6429		}
6430
6431# check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages
6432		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6433		    $prevline =~ /^[ \+]\s*if\s*\(\s*(\!\s*|NULL\s*==\s*)?($Lval)(\s*==\s*NULL\s*)?\s*\)/ &&
6434		    (defined $1 || defined $3) &&
6435		    $linenr > 3) {
6436			my $testval = $2;
6437			my $testline = $lines[$linenr - 3];
6438
6439			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0);
6440#			print("line: <$line>\nprevline: <$prevline>\ns: <$s>\nc: <$c>\n\n\n");
6441
6442			if ($s =~ /(?:^|\n)[ \+]\s*(?:$Type\s*)?\Q$testval\E\s*=\s*(?:\([^\)]*\)\s*)?\s*$allocFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6443			    $s !~ /\b__GFP_NOWARN\b/ ) {
6444				WARN("OOM_MESSAGE",
6445				     "Possible unnecessary 'out of memory' message\n" . $hereprev);
6446			}
6447		}
6448
6449# check for logging functions with KERN_<LEVEL>
6450		if ($line !~ /printk(?:_ratelimited|_once)?\s*\(/ &&
6451		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(.*\b(KERN_[A-Z]+)\b/) {
6452			my $level = $1;
6453			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_KERN_LEVEL",
6454				 "Possible unnecessary $level\n" . $herecurr) &&
6455			    $fix) {
6456				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s*$level\s*//;
6457			}
6458		}
6459
6460# check for logging continuations
6461		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_CONT\b|\bpr_cont\s*\(/) {
6462			WARN("LOGGING_CONTINUATION",
6463			     "Avoid logging continuation uses where feasible\n" . $herecurr);
6464		}
6465
6466# check for unnecessary use of %h[xudi] and %hh[xudi] in logging functions
6467		if (defined $stat &&
6468		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6469		    index($stat, '"') >= 0) {
6470			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6471			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6472			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6473			pos($stat_real) = index($stat_real, '"');
6474			while ($stat_real =~ /[^\"%]*(%[\#\d\.\*\-]*(h+)[idux])/g) {
6475				my $pspec = $1;
6476				my $h = $2;
6477				my $lineoff = substr($stat_real, 0, $-[1]) =~ tr@\n@@;
6478				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_MODIFIER",
6479					 "Integer promotion: Using '$h' in '$pspec' is unnecessary\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n") &&
6480				    $fix && $fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ /^\+/) {
6481					my $nspec = $pspec;
6482					$nspec =~ s/h//g;
6483					$fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ s/\Q$pspec\E/$nspec/;
6484				}
6485			}
6486		}
6487
6488# check for mask then right shift without a parentheses
6489		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6490		    $line =~ /$LvalOrFunc\s*\&\s*($LvalOrFunc)\s*>>/ &&
6491		    $4 !~ /^\&/) { # $LvalOrFunc may be &foo, ignore if so
6492			WARN("MASK_THEN_SHIFT",
6493			     "Possible precedence defect with mask then right shift - may need parentheses\n" . $herecurr);
6494		}
6495
6496# check for pointer comparisons to NULL
6497		if ($perl_version_ok) {
6498			while ($line =~ /\b$LvalOrFunc\s*(==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/g) {
6499				my $val = $1;
6500				my $equal = "!";
6501				$equal = "" if ($4 eq "!=");
6502				if (CHK("COMPARISON_TO_NULL",
6503					"Comparison to NULL could be written \"${equal}${val}\"\n" . $herecurr) &&
6504					    $fix) {
6505					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$val\E\s*(?:==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/$equal$val/;
6506				}
6507			}
6508		}
6509
6510# check for bad placement of section $InitAttribute (e.g.: __initdata)
6511		if ($line =~ /(\b$InitAttribute\b)/) {
6512			my $attr = $1;
6513			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*static\s+(?:const\s+)?(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*[=;]/) {
6514				my $ptr = $1;
6515				my $var = $2;
6516				if ((($ptr =~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6517				      ERROR("MISPLACED_INIT",
6518					    "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr)) ||
6519				     ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6520				      WARN("MISPLACED_INIT",
6521					   "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr))) &&
6522				    $fix) {
6523					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s+(?:const\s+)?)(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*([=;])\s*/"$1" . trim(string_find_replace($2, "\\s*$attr\\s*", " ")) . " " . trim(string_find_replace($3, "\\s*$attr\\s*", "")) . " $attr" . ("$4" eq ";" ? ";" : " = ")/e;
6524				}
6525			}
6526		}
6527
6528# check for $InitAttributeData (ie: __initdata) with const
6529		if ($line =~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeData)/) {
6530			my $attr = $1;
6531			$attr =~ /($InitAttributePrefix)(.*)/;
6532			my $attr_prefix = $1;
6533			my $attr_type = $2;
6534			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6535				  "Use of const init definition must use ${attr_prefix}initconst\n" . $herecurr) &&
6536			    $fix) {
6537				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6538				    s/$InitAttributeData/${attr_prefix}initconst/;
6539			}
6540		}
6541
6542# check for $InitAttributeConst (ie: __initconst) without const
6543		if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeConst)/) {
6544			my $attr = $1;
6545			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6546				  "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . $herecurr) &&
6547			    $fix) {
6548				my $lead = $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6549				    /(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/;
6550				$lead = rtrim($1);
6551				$lead = "$lead " if ($lead !~ /^\+$/);
6552				$lead = "${lead}const ";
6553				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/$lead/;
6554			}
6555		}
6556
6557# check for __read_mostly with const non-pointer (should just be const)
6558		if ($line =~ /\b__read_mostly\b/ &&
6559		    $line =~ /($Type)\s*$Ident/ && $1 !~ /\*\s*$/ && $1 =~ /\bconst\b/) {
6560			if (ERROR("CONST_READ_MOSTLY",
6561				  "Invalid use of __read_mostly with const type\n" . $herecurr) &&
6562			    $fix) {
6563				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+__read_mostly\b//;
6564			}
6565		}
6566
6567# don't use __constant_<foo> functions outside of include/uapi/
6568		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
6569		    $line =~ /(__constant_(?:htons|ntohs|[bl]e(?:16|32|64)_to_cpu|cpu_to_[bl]e(?:16|32|64)))\s*\(/) {
6570			my $constant_func = $1;
6571			my $func = $constant_func;
6572			$func =~ s/^__constant_//;
6573			if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION",
6574				 "$constant_func should be $func\n" . $herecurr) &&
6575			    $fix) {
6576				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g;
6577			}
6578		}
6579
6580# prefer usleep_range over udelay
6581		if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/) {
6582			my $delay = $1;
6583			# ignore udelay's < 10, however
6584			if (! ($delay < 10) ) {
6585				CHK("USLEEP_RANGE",
6586				    "usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6587			}
6588			if ($delay > 2000) {
6589				WARN("LONG_UDELAY",
6590				     "long udelay - prefer mdelay; see arch/arm/include/asm/delay.h\n" . $herecurr);
6591			}
6592		}
6593
6594# warn about unexpectedly long msleep's
6595		if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) {
6596			if ($1 < 20) {
6597				WARN("MSLEEP",
6598				     "msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6599			}
6600		}
6601
6602# check for comparisons of jiffies
6603		if ($line =~ /\bjiffies\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*jiffies\b/) {
6604			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6605			     "Comparing jiffies is almost always wrong; prefer time_after, time_before and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6606		}
6607
6608# check for comparisons of get_jiffies_64()
6609		if ($line =~ /\bget_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*get_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)/) {
6610			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6611			     "Comparing get_jiffies_64() is almost always wrong; prefer time_after64, time_before64 and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6612		}
6613
6614# warn about #ifdefs in C files
6615#		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {
6616#			print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";
6617#			print "$herecurr";
6618#			$clean = 0;
6619#		}
6620
6621# warn about spacing in #ifdefs
6622		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) {
6623			if (ERROR("SPACING",
6624				  "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6625			    $fix) {
6626				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6627				    s/^(.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif))\s{2,}/$1 /;
6628			}
6629
6630		}
6631
6632# check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment.
6633		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ ||
6634		    $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
6635			my $which = $1;
6636			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6637				CHK("UNCOMMENTED_DEFINITION",
6638				    "$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6639			}
6640		}
6641# check for memory barriers without a comment.
6642
6643		my $barriers = qr{
6644			mb|
6645			rmb|
6646			wmb
6647		}x;
6648		my $barrier_stems = qr{
6649			mb__before_atomic|
6650			mb__after_atomic|
6651			store_release|
6652			load_acquire|
6653			store_mb|
6654			(?:$barriers)
6655		}x;
6656		my $all_barriers = qr{
6657			(?:$barriers)|
6658			smp_(?:$barrier_stems)|
6659			virt_(?:$barrier_stems)
6660		}x;
6661
6662		if ($line =~ /\b(?:$all_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6663			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6664				WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6665				     "memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6666			}
6667		}
6668
6669		my $underscore_smp_barriers = qr{__smp_(?:$barrier_stems)}x;
6670
6671		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/asm-generic/@ &&
6672		    $realfile !~ m@/barrier\.h$@ &&
6673		    $line =~ m/\b(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/ &&
6674		    $line !~ m/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6675			WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6676			     "__smp memory barriers shouldn't be used outside barrier.h and asm-generic\n" . $herecurr);
6677		}
6678
6679# check for waitqueue_active without a comment.
6680		if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) {
6681			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6682				WARN("WAITQUEUE_ACTIVE",
6683				     "waitqueue_active without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6684			}
6685		}
6686
6687# check for data_race without a comment.
6688		if ($line =~ /\bdata_race\s*\(/) {
6689			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6690				WARN("DATA_RACE",
6691				     "data_race without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6692			}
6693		}
6694
6695# check of hardware specific defines
6696		if ($line =~ m@^.\s*\#\s*if.*\b(__i386__|__powerpc64__|__sun__|__s390x__)\b@ && $realfile !~ m@include/asm-@) {
6697			CHK("ARCH_DEFINES",
6698			    "architecture specific defines should be avoided\n" .  $herecurr);
6699		}
6700
6701# check that the storage class is not after a type
6702		if ($line =~ /\b($Type)\s+($Storage)\b/) {
6703			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6704			     "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
6705		}
6706# Check that the storage class is at the beginning of a declaration
6707		if ($line =~ /\b$Storage\b/ &&
6708		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Storage/ &&
6709		    $line =~ /^.\s*(.+?)\$Storage\s/ &&
6710		    $1 !~ /[\,\)]\s*$/) {
6711			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6712			     "storage class should be at the beginning of the declaration\n" . $herecurr);
6713		}
6714
6715# check the location of the inline attribute, that it is between
6716# storage class and type.
6717		if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ ||
6718		    $line =~ /\b$Inline\s+$Storage\b/) {
6719			ERROR("INLINE_LOCATION",
6720			      "inline keyword should sit between storage class and type\n" . $herecurr);
6721		}
6722
6723# Check for __inline__ and __inline, prefer inline
6724		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6725		    $line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) {
6726			if (WARN("INLINE",
6727				 "plain inline is preferred over $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6728			    $fix) {
6729				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/inline/;
6730
6731			}
6732		}
6733
6734# Check for compiler attributes
6735		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6736		    $rawline =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*($balanced_parens)\s*\)/) {
6737			my $attr = $1;
6738			$attr =~ s/\s*\(\s*(.*)\)\s*/$1/;
6739
6740			my %attr_list = (
6741				"alias"				=> "__alias",
6742				"aligned"			=> "__aligned",
6743				"always_inline"			=> "__always_inline",
6744				"assume_aligned"		=> "__assume_aligned",
6745				"cold"				=> "__cold",
6746				"const"				=> "__attribute_const__",
6747				"copy"				=> "__copy",
6748				"designated_init"		=> "__designated_init",
6749				"externally_visible"		=> "__visible",
6750				"format"			=> "printf|scanf",
6751				"gnu_inline"			=> "__gnu_inline",
6752				"malloc"			=> "__malloc",
6753				"mode"				=> "__mode",
6754				"no_caller_saved_registers"	=> "__no_caller_saved_registers",
6755				"noclone"			=> "__noclone",
6756				"noinline"			=> "noinline",
6757				"nonstring"			=> "__nonstring",
6758				"noreturn"			=> "__noreturn",
6759				"packed"			=> "__packed",
6760				"pure"				=> "__pure",
6761				"section"			=> "__section",
6762				"used"				=> "__used",
6763				"weak"				=> "__weak"
6764			);
6765
6766			while ($attr =~ /\s*(\w+)\s*(${balanced_parens})?/g) {
6767				my $orig_attr = $1;
6768				my $params = '';
6769				$params = $2 if defined($2);
6770				my $curr_attr = $orig_attr;
6771				$curr_attr =~ s/^[\s_]+|[\s_]+$//g;
6772				if (exists($attr_list{$curr_attr})) {
6773					my $new = $attr_list{$curr_attr};
6774					if ($curr_attr eq "format" && $params) {
6775						$params =~ /^\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(.*)/;
6776						$new = "__$1\($2";
6777					} else {
6778						$new = "$new$params";
6779					}
6780					if (WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6781						 "Prefer $new over __attribute__(($orig_attr$params))\n" . $herecurr) &&
6782					    $fix) {
6783						my $remove = "\Q$orig_attr\E" . '\s*' . "\Q$params\E" . '(?:\s*,\s*)?';
6784						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$remove//;
6785						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__attribute__/$new __attribute__/;
6786						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\}\Q$new\E/} $new/;
6787						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/ __attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*\)\s*\)//;
6788					}
6789				}
6790			}
6791
6792			# Check for __attribute__ unused, prefer __always_unused or __maybe_unused
6793			if ($attr =~ /^_*unused/) {
6794				WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6795				     "__always_unused or __maybe_unused is preferred over __attribute__((__unused__))\n" . $herecurr);
6796			}
6797		}
6798
6799# Check for __attribute__ weak, or __weak declarations (may have link issues)
6800		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6801		    $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Attribute)?\s*;/ &&
6802		    ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*\bweak\b/ ||
6803		     $line =~ /\b__weak\b/)) {
6804			ERROR("WEAK_DECLARATION",
6805			      "Using weak declarations can have unintended link defects\n" . $herecurr);
6806		}
6807
6808# check for c99 types like uint8_t used outside of uapi/ and tools/
6809		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6810		    $realfile !~ m@\btools/@ &&
6811		    $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) {
6812			my $type = $1;
6813			if ($type =~ /\b($typeC99Typedefs)\b/) {
6814				$type = $1;
6815				my $kernel_type = 'u';
6816				$kernel_type = 's' if ($type =~ /^_*[si]/);
6817				$type =~ /(\d+)/;
6818				$kernel_type .= $1;
6819				if (CHK("PREFER_KERNEL_TYPES",
6820					"Prefer kernel type '$kernel_type' over '$type'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6821				    $fix) {
6822					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$type\b/$kernel_type/;
6823				}
6824			}
6825		}
6826
6827# check for cast of C90 native int or longer types constants
6828		if ($line =~ /(\(\s*$C90_int_types\s*\)\s*)($Constant)\b/) {
6829			my $cast = $1;
6830			my $const = $2;
6831			my $suffix = "";
6832			my $newconst = $const;
6833			$newconst =~ s/${Int_type}$//;
6834			$suffix .= 'U' if ($cast =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
6835			if ($cast =~ /\blong\s+long\b/) {
6836			    $suffix .= 'LL';
6837			} elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) {
6838			    $suffix .= 'L';
6839			}
6840			if (WARN("TYPECAST_INT_CONSTANT",
6841				 "Unnecessary typecast of c90 int constant - '$cast$const' could be '$const$suffix'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6842			    $fix) {
6843				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$cast\E$const\b/$newconst$suffix/;
6844			}
6845		}
6846
6847# check for sizeof(&)
6848		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s*\(\s*\&/) {
6849			WARN("SIZEOF_ADDRESS",
6850			     "sizeof(& should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
6851		}
6852
6853# check for sizeof without parenthesis
6854		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/) {
6855			if (WARN("SIZEOF_PARENTHESIS",
6856				 "sizeof $1 should be sizeof($1)\n" . $herecurr) &&
6857			    $fix) {
6858				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/"sizeof(" . trim($1) . ")"/ex;
6859			}
6860		}
6861
6862# check for struct spinlock declarations
6863		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\bstruct\s+spinlock\s+\w+\s*;/) {
6864			WARN("USE_SPINLOCK_T",
6865			     "struct spinlock should be spinlock_t\n" . $herecurr);
6866		}
6867
6868# check for seq_printf uses that could be seq_puts
6869		if ($sline =~ /\bseq_printf\s*\(.*"\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6870			my $fmt = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6871			$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6872			if ($fmt !~ /%/) {
6873				if (WARN("PREFER_SEQ_PUTS",
6874					 "Prefer seq_puts to seq_printf\n" . $herecurr) &&
6875				    $fix) {
6876					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bseq_printf\b/seq_puts/;
6877				}
6878			}
6879		}
6880
6881# check for vsprintf extension %p<foo> misuses
6882		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6883		    defined $stat &&
6884		    $stat =~ /^\+(?![^\{]*\{\s*).*\b(\w+)\s*\(.*$String\s*,/s &&
6885		    $1 !~ /^_*volatile_*$/) {
6886			my $stat_real;
6887
6888			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6889			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6890		        for (my $count = $linenr; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
6891				my $specifier;
6892				my $extension;
6893				my $qualifier;
6894				my $bad_specifier = "";
6895				my $fmt = get_quoted_string($lines[$count - 1], raw_line($count, 0));
6896				$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6897
6898				while ($fmt =~ /(\%[\*\d\.]*p(\w)(\w*))/g) {
6899					$specifier = $1;
6900					$extension = $2;
6901					$qualifier = $3;
6902					if ($extension !~ /[4SsBKRraEehMmIiUDdgVCbGNOxtf]/ ||
6903					    ($extension eq "f" &&
6904					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^w/) ||
6905					    ($extension eq "4" &&
6906					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^cc/)) {
6907						$bad_specifier = $specifier;
6908						last;
6909					}
6910					if ($extension eq "x" && !defined($stat_real)) {
6911						if (!defined($stat_real)) {
6912							$stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6913						}
6914						WARN("VSPRINTF_SPECIFIER_PX",
6915						     "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6916					}
6917				}
6918				if ($bad_specifier ne "") {
6919					my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6920					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
6921					my $ext_type = "Invalid";
6922					my $use = "";
6923					if ($bad_specifier =~ /p[Ff]/) {
6924						$use = " - use %pS instead";
6925						$use =~ s/pS/ps/ if ($bad_specifier =~ /pf/);
6926					} elsif ($bad_specifier =~ /pA/) {
6927						$use =  " - '%pA' is only intended to be used from Rust code";
6928						$msg_level = \&ERROR;
6929					}
6930
6931					&{$msg_level}("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION",
6932						      "$ext_type vsprintf pointer extension '$bad_specifier'$use\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6933				}
6934			}
6935		}
6936
6937# Check for misused memsets
6938		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6939		    defined $stat &&
6940		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
6941
6942			my $ms_addr = $2;
6943			my $ms_val = $7;
6944			my $ms_size = $12;
6945
6946			if ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)0$/i) {
6947				ERROR("MEMSET",
6948				      "memset to 0's uses 0 as the 2nd argument, not the 3rd\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6949			} elsif ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)1$/i) {
6950				WARN("MEMSET",
6951				     "single byte memset is suspicious. Swapped 2nd/3rd argument?\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6952			}
6953		}
6954
6955# Check for memcpy(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_copy(foo, bar)
6956#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6957#		    defined $stat &&
6958#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6959#			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_COPY",
6960#				 "Prefer ether_addr_copy() over memcpy() if the Ethernet addresses are __aligned(2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6961#			    $fix) {
6962#				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/ether_addr_copy($2, $7)/;
6963#			}
6964#		}
6965
6966# Check for memcmp(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_equal*(foo, bar)
6967#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6968#		    defined $stat &&
6969#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcmp\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6970#			WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_EQUAL",
6971#			     "Prefer ether_addr_equal() or ether_addr_equal_unaligned() over memcmp()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n")
6972#		}
6973
6974# check for memset(foo, 0x0, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_zero_addr
6975# check for memset(foo, 0xFF, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_broadcast_addr
6976#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6977#		    defined $stat &&
6978#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6979#
6980#			my $ms_val = $7;
6981#
6982#			if ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0x|)0+$/i) {
6983#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_ZERO_ADDR",
6984#					 "Prefer eth_zero_addr over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6985#				    $fix) {
6986#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_zero_addr($2)/;
6987#				}
6988#			} elsif ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0xff|255)$/i) {
6989#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_BROADCAST_ADDR",
6990#					 "Prefer eth_broadcast_addr() over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6991#				    $fix) {
6992#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_broadcast_addr($2)/;
6993#				}
6994#			}
6995#		}
6996
6997# strcpy uses that should likely be strscpy
6998		if ($line =~ /\bstrcpy\s*\(/) {
6999			WARN("STRCPY",
7000			     "Prefer strscpy over strcpy - see: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/88\n" . $herecurr);
7001		}
7002
7003# strlcpy uses that should likely be strscpy
7004		if ($line =~ /\bstrlcpy\s*\(/) {
7005			WARN("STRLCPY",
7006			     "Prefer strscpy over strlcpy - see: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/89\n" . $herecurr);
7007		}
7008
7009# strncpy uses that should likely be strscpy or strscpy_pad
7010		if ($line =~ /\bstrncpy\s*\(/) {
7011			WARN("STRNCPY",
7012			     "Prefer strscpy, strscpy_pad, or __nonstring over strncpy - see: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/90\n" . $herecurr);
7013		}
7014
7015# ethtool_sprintf uses that should likely be ethtool_puts
7016		if ($line =~ /\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
7017			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHTOOL_PUTS",
7018				 "Prefer ethtool_puts over ethtool_sprintf with only two arguments\n" . $herecurr) &&
7019			    $fix) {
7020				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*($FuncArg)/ethtool_puts($1, $7)/;
7021			}
7022		}
7023
7024		# use $rawline because $line loses %s via sanitization and thus we can't match against it.
7025		if ($rawline =~ /\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*\"\%s\"\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
7026			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHTOOL_PUTS",
7027				 "Prefer ethtool_puts over ethtool_sprintf with standalone \"%s\" specifier\n" . $herecurr) &&
7028			    $fix) {
7029				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*"\%s"\s*,\s*($FuncArg)/ethtool_puts($1, $7)/;
7030			}
7031		}
7032
7033
7034# typecasts on min/max could be min_t/max_t
7035		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7036		    defined $stat &&
7037		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\b(min|max)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
7038			if (defined $2 || defined $7) {
7039				my $call = $1;
7040				my $cast1 = deparenthesize($2);
7041				my $arg1 = $3;
7042				my $cast2 = deparenthesize($7);
7043				my $arg2 = $8;
7044				my $cast;
7045
7046				if ($cast1 ne "" && $cast2 ne "" && $cast1 ne $cast2) {
7047					$cast = "$cast1 or $cast2";
7048				} elsif ($cast1 ne "") {
7049					$cast = $cast1;
7050				} else {
7051					$cast = $cast2;
7052				}
7053				WARN("MINMAX",
7054				     "$call() should probably be ${call}_t($cast, $arg1, $arg2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
7055			}
7056		}
7057
7058# check usleep_range arguments
7059		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7060		    defined $stat &&
7061		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\busleep_range\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*($FuncArg)\s*\)/) {
7062			my $min = $1;
7063			my $max = $7;
7064			if ($min eq $max) {
7065				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
7066				     "usleep_range should not use min == max args; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
7067			} elsif ($min =~ /^\d+$/ && $max =~ /^\d+$/ &&
7068				 $min > $max) {
7069				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
7070				     "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
7071			}
7072		}
7073
7074# check for naked sscanf
7075		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7076		    defined $stat &&
7077		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/ &&
7078		    ($stat !~ /$Ident\s*=\s*sscanf\s*$balanced_parens/ &&
7079		     $stat !~ /\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Compare)/ &&
7080		     $stat !~ /(?:$Compare)\s*\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens/)) {
7081			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7082			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7083			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7084			WARN("NAKED_SSCANF",
7085			     "unchecked sscanf return value\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
7086		}
7087
7088# check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto<foo>
7089		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7090		    defined $stat &&
7091		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/) {
7092			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7093			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7094			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7095			if ($stat_real =~ /\bsscanf\b\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*("[^"]+")/) {
7096				my $format = $6;
7097				my $count = $format =~ tr@%@%@;
7098				if ($count == 1 &&
7099				    $format =~ /^"\%(?i:ll[udxi]|[udxi]ll|ll|[hl]h?[udxi]|[udxi][hl]h?|[hl]h?|[udxi])"$/) {
7100					WARN("SSCANF_TO_KSTRTO",
7101					     "Prefer kstrto<type> to single variable sscanf\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
7102				}
7103			}
7104		}
7105
7106# check for new externs in .h files.
7107		if ($realfile =~ /\.h$/ &&
7108		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(extern\s+)$Type\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
7109			if (CHK("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7110				"extern prototypes should be avoided in .h files\n" . $herecurr) &&
7111			    $fix) {
7112				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(.*)\bextern\b\s*(.*)/$1$2/;
7113			}
7114		}
7115
7116# check for new externs in .c files.
7117		if ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7118		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s)
7119		{
7120			my $function_name = $1;
7121			my $paren_space = $2;
7122
7123			my $s = $stat;
7124			if (defined $cond) {
7125				substr($s, 0, length($cond), '');
7126			}
7127			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/)
7128			{
7129				WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7130				     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7131			}
7132
7133			if ($paren_space =~ /\n/) {
7134				WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7135				     "arguments for function declarations should follow identifier\n" . $herecurr);
7136			}
7137
7138		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7139		    $stat =~ /^\+extern struct\s+(\w+)\s+(\w+)\[\];/)
7140		{
7141			my ($st_type, $st_name) = ($1, $2);
7142
7143			for my $s (keys %maybe_linker_symbol) {
7144			    #print "Linker symbol? $st_name : $s\n";
7145			    goto LIKELY_LINKER_SYMBOL
7146				if $st_name =~ /$s/;
7147			}
7148			WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7149			     "found a file-scoped extern type:$st_type name:$st_name in .c file\n"
7150			     . "is this a linker symbol ?\n" . $herecurr);
7151		  LIKELY_LINKER_SYMBOL:
7152
7153		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7154		    $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/)
7155		{
7156			WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7157			     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7158		}
7159
7160# check for function declarations that have arguments without identifier names
7161		if (defined $stat &&
7162		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*\(\s*([^{]+)\s*\)\s*;/s &&
7163		    $1 ne "void") {
7164			my $args = trim($1);
7165			while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)?)/g) {
7166				my $arg = trim($1);
7167				if ($arg =~ /^$Type$/ && $arg !~ /enum\s+$Ident$/) {
7168					WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7169					     "function definition argument '$arg' should also have an identifier name\n" . $herecurr);
7170				}
7171			}
7172		}
7173
7174# check for function definitions
7175		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7176		    defined $stat &&
7177		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*($Ident)\s*$balanced_parens\s*{/s) {
7178			$context_function = $1;
7179
7180# check for multiline function definition with misplaced open brace
7181			my $ok = 0;
7182			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7183			my $herectx = $here . "\n";
7184			for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
7185				my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
7186				$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
7187				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /^[ \+]\{/);
7188				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /\{/ && $n == 0);
7189				last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
7190			}
7191			if (!$ok) {
7192				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
7193				      "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herectx);
7194			}
7195		}
7196
7197# checks for new __setup's
7198		if ($rawline =~ /\b__setup\("([^"]*)"/) {
7199			my $name = $1;
7200
7201			if (!grep(/$name/, @setup_docs)) {
7202				CHK("UNDOCUMENTED_SETUP",
7203				    "__setup appears un-documented -- check Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt\n" . $herecurr);
7204			}
7205		}
7206
7207# check for pointless casting of alloc functions
7208		if ($line =~ /\*\s*\)\s*$allocFunctions\b/) {
7209			WARN("UNNECESSARY_CASTS",
7210			     "unnecessary cast may hide bugs, see http://c-faq.com/malloc/mallocnocast.html\n" . $herecurr);
7211		}
7212
7213# alloc style
7214# p = alloc(sizeof(struct foo), ...) should be p = alloc(sizeof(*p), ...)
7215		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7216		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k|v)[mz]alloc(?:_node)?)\s*\(\s*(sizeof\s*\(\s*struct\s+$Lval\s*\))/) {
7217			CHK("ALLOC_SIZEOF_STRUCT",
7218			    "Prefer $3(sizeof(*$1)...) over $3($4...)\n" . $herecurr);
7219		}
7220
7221# check for (kv|k)[mz]alloc with multiplies that could be kmalloc_array/kvmalloc_array/kvcalloc/kcalloc
7222		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7223		    defined $stat &&
7224		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)\s*,/) {
7225			my $oldfunc = $3;
7226			my $a1 = $4;
7227			my $a2 = $10;
7228			my $newfunc = "kmalloc_array";
7229			$newfunc = "kvmalloc_array" if ($oldfunc eq "kvmalloc");
7230			$newfunc = "kvcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kvzalloc");
7231			$newfunc = "kcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kzalloc");
7232			my $r1 = $a1;
7233			my $r2 = $a2;
7234			if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) {
7235				$r1 = $a2;
7236				$r2 = $a1;
7237			}
7238			if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ &&
7239			    !($r1 =~ /^$Constant$/ || $r1 =~ /^[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*$/)) {
7240				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7241				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7242
7243				if (WARN("ALLOC_WITH_MULTIPLY",
7244					 "Prefer $newfunc over $oldfunc with multiply\n" . $herectx) &&
7245				    $cnt == 1 &&
7246				    $fix) {
7247					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)/$1 . ' = ' . "$newfunc(" . trim($r1) . ', ' . trim($r2)/e;
7248				}
7249			}
7250		}
7251
7252# check for krealloc arg reuse
7253		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7254		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*krealloc\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*,/ &&
7255		    $1 eq $3) {
7256			WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE",
7257			     "Reusing the krealloc arg is almost always a bug\n" . $herecurr);
7258		}
7259
7260# check for alloc argument mismatch
7261		if ($line =~ /\b((?:devm_)?((?:k|kv)?(calloc|malloc_array)(?:_node)?))\s*\(\s*sizeof\b/) {
7262			WARN("ALLOC_ARRAY_ARGS",
7263			     "$1 uses number as first arg, sizeof is generally wrong\n" . $herecurr);
7264		}
7265
7266# check for multiple semicolons
7267		if ($line =~ /;\s*;\s*$/) {
7268			if (WARN("ONE_SEMICOLON",
7269				 "Statements terminations use 1 semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
7270			    $fix) {
7271				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g;
7272			}
7273		}
7274
7275# check for #defines like: 1 << <digit> that could be BIT(digit), it is not exported to uapi
7276		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
7277		    $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\<\<\s*(?:\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/) {
7278			my $ull = "";
7279			$ull = "_ULL" if (defined($1) && $1 =~ /ll/i);
7280			if (CHK("BIT_MACRO",
7281				"Prefer using the BIT$ull macro\n" . $herecurr) &&
7282			    $fix) {
7283				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(?\s*1\s*[ulUL]*\s*<<\s*(\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/BIT${ull}($1)/;
7284			}
7285		}
7286
7287# check for IS_ENABLED() without CONFIG_<FOO> ($rawline for comments too)
7288		if ($rawline =~ /\bIS_ENABLED\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*\)/ && $1 !~ /^${CONFIG_}/) {
7289			WARN("IS_ENABLED_CONFIG",
7290			     "IS_ENABLED($1) is normally used as IS_ENABLED(${CONFIG_}$1)\n" . $herecurr);
7291		}
7292
7293# check for #if defined CONFIG_<FOO> || defined CONFIG_<FOO>_MODULE
7294		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*if\s+defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)(${CONFIG_}[A-Z_]+)\s*\)?\s*\|\|\s*defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)\1_MODULE\s*\)?\s*$/) {
7295			my $config = $1;
7296			if (WARN("PREFER_IS_ENABLED",
7297				 "Prefer IS_ENABLED(<FOO>) to ${CONFIG_}<FOO> || ${CONFIG_}<FOO>_MODULE\n" . $herecurr) &&
7298			    $fix) {
7299				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+#if IS_ENABLED($config)";
7300			}
7301		}
7302
7303# check for /* fallthrough */ like comment, prefer fallthrough;
7304		my @fallthroughs = (
7305			'fallthrough',
7306			'@fallthrough@',
7307			'lint -fallthrough[ \t]*',
7308			'intentional(?:ly)?[ \t]*fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)',
7309			'(?:else,?\s*)?FALL(?:S | |-)?THR(?:OUGH|U|EW)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7310			'Fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7311			'fall(?:s | |-)?thr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7312		    );
7313		if ($raw_comment ne '') {
7314			foreach my $ft (@fallthroughs) {
7315				if ($raw_comment =~ /$ft/) {
7316					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
7317					$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
7318					&{$msg_level}("PREFER_FALLTHROUGH",
7319						      "Prefer 'fallthrough;' over fallthrough comment\n" . $herecurr);
7320					last;
7321				}
7322			}
7323		}
7324
7325# check for switch/default statements without a break;
7326		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7327		    defined $stat &&
7328		    $stat =~ /^\+[$;\s]*(?:case[$;\s]+\w+[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*|)*[$;\s]*\bdefault[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*;/g) {
7329			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7330			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7331
7332			WARN("DEFAULT_NO_BREAK",
7333			     "switch default: should use break\n" . $herectx);
7334		}
7335
7336# check for gcc specific __FUNCTION__
7337		if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) {
7338			if (WARN("USE_FUNC",
7339				 "__func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__\n"  . $herecurr) &&
7340			    $fix) {
7341				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__FUNCTION__\b/__func__/g;
7342			}
7343		}
7344
7345# check for uses of __DATE__, __TIME__, __TIMESTAMP__
7346		while ($line =~ /\b(__(?:DATE|TIME|TIMESTAMP)__)\b/g) {
7347			ERROR("DATE_TIME",
7348			      "Use of the '$1' macro makes the build non-deterministic\n" . $herecurr);
7349		}
7350
7351# check for use of yield()
7352		if ($line =~ /\byield\s*\(\s*\)/) {
7353			WARN("YIELD",
7354			     "Using yield() is generally wrong. See yield() kernel-doc (sched/core.c)\n"  . $herecurr);
7355		}
7356
7357# check for comparisons against true and false
7358		if ($line =~ /\+\s*(.*?)\b(true|false|$Lval)\s*(==|\!=)\s*(true|false|$Lval)\b(.*)$/i) {
7359			my $lead = $1;
7360			my $arg = $2;
7361			my $test = $3;
7362			my $otype = $4;
7363			my $trail = $5;
7364			my $op = "!";
7365
7366			($arg, $otype) = ($otype, $arg) if ($arg =~ /^(?:true|false)$/i);
7367
7368			my $type = lc($otype);
7369			if ($type =~ /^(?:true|false)$/) {
7370				if (("$test" eq "==" && "$type" eq "true") ||
7371				    ("$test" eq "!=" && "$type" eq "false")) {
7372					$op = "";
7373				}
7374
7375				CHK("BOOL_COMPARISON",
7376				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone\n" . $herecurr);
7377
7378## maybe suggesting a correct construct would better
7379##				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone.  Perhaps use '${lead}${op}${arg}${trail}'\n" . $herecurr);
7380
7381			}
7382		}
7383
7384# check for semaphores initialized locked
7385		if ($line =~ /^.\s*sema_init.+,\W?0\W?\)/) {
7386			WARN("CONSIDER_COMPLETION",
7387			     "consider using a completion\n" . $herecurr);
7388		}
7389
7390# recommend kstrto* over simple_strto* and strict_strto*
7391		if ($line =~ /\b((simple|strict)_(strto(l|ll|ul|ull)))\s*\(/) {
7392			WARN("CONSIDER_KSTRTO",
7393			     "$1 is obsolete, use k$3 instead\n" . $herecurr);
7394		}
7395
7396# check for __initcall(), use device_initcall() explicitly or more appropriate function please
7397		if ($line =~ /^.\s*__initcall\s*\(/) {
7398			WARN("USE_DEVICE_INITCALL",
7399			     "please use device_initcall() or more appropriate function instead of __initcall() (see include/linux/init.h)\n" . $herecurr);
7400		}
7401
7402# check for spin_is_locked(), suggest lockdep instead
7403		if ($line =~ /\bspin_is_locked\(/) {
7404			WARN("USE_LOCKDEP",
7405			     "Where possible, use lockdep_assert_held instead of assertions based on spin_is_locked\n" . $herecurr);
7406		}
7407
7408# check for deprecated apis
7409		if ($line =~ /\b($deprecated_apis_search)\b\s*\(/) {
7410			my $deprecated_api = $1;
7411			my $new_api = $deprecated_apis{$deprecated_api};
7412			WARN("DEPRECATED_API",
7413			     "Deprecated use of '$deprecated_api', prefer '$new_api' instead\n" . $herecurr);
7414		}
7415
7416# check for various structs that are normally const (ops, kgdb, device_tree)
7417# and avoid what seem like struct definitions 'struct foo {'
7418		if (defined($const_structs) &&
7419		    $line !~ /\bconst\b/ &&
7420		    $line =~ /\bstruct\s+($const_structs)\b(?!\s*\{)/) {
7421			WARN("CONST_STRUCT",
7422			     "struct $1 should normally be const\n" . $herecurr);
7423		}
7424
7425# use of NR_CPUS is usually wrong
7426# ignore definitions of NR_CPUS and usage to define arrays as likely right
7427# ignore designated initializers using NR_CPUS
7428		if ($line =~ /\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7429		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*if\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7430		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*define\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7431		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s.*\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7432		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7433		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*\]/ &&
7434		    $line !~ /^.\s*\.\w+\s*=\s*.*\bNR_CPUS\b/)
7435		{
7436			WARN("NR_CPUS",
7437			     "usage of NR_CPUS is often wrong - consider using cpu_possible(), num_possible_cpus(), for_each_possible_cpu(), etc\n" . $herecurr);
7438		}
7439
7440# Use of __ARCH_HAS_<FOO> or ARCH_HAVE_<BAR> is wrong.
7441		if ($line =~ /\+\s*#\s*define\s+((?:__)?ARCH_(?:HAS|HAVE)\w*)\b/) {
7442			ERROR("DEFINE_ARCH_HAS",
7443			      "#define of '$1' is wrong - use Kconfig variables or standard guards instead\n" . $herecurr);
7444		}
7445
7446# likely/unlikely comparisons similar to "(likely(foo) > 0)"
7447		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7448		    $line =~ /\b((?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*\)\s*$Compare/) {
7449			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7450			     "Using $1 should generally have parentheses around the comparison\n" . $herecurr);
7451		}
7452
7453# return sysfs_emit(foo, fmt, ...) fmt without newline
7454		if ($line =~ /\breturn\s+sysfs_emit\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*($String)/ &&
7455		    substr($rawline, $-[6], $+[6] - $-[6]) !~ /\\n"$/) {
7456			my $offset = $+[6] - 1;
7457			if (WARN("SYSFS_EMIT",
7458				 "return sysfs_emit(...) formats should include a terminating newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
7459			    $fix) {
7460				substr($fixed[$fixlinenr], $offset, 0) = '\\n';
7461			}
7462		}
7463
7464# check for array definition/declarations that should use flexible arrays instead
7465		if ($sline =~ /^[\+ ]\s*\}(?:\s*__packed)?\s*;\s*$/ &&
7466		    $prevline =~ /^\+\s*(?:\}(?:\s*__packed\s*)?|$Type)\s*$Ident\s*\[\s*(0|1)\s*\]\s*;\s*$/) {
7467			if (ERROR("FLEXIBLE_ARRAY",
7468				  "Use C99 flexible arrays - see https://docs.kernel.org/process/deprecated.html#zero-length-and-one-element-arrays\n" . $hereprev) &&
7469			    $1 == '0' && $fix) {
7470				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] =~ s/\[\s*0\s*\]/[]/;
7471			}
7472		}
7473
7474# nested likely/unlikely calls
7475		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*!?\s*(IS_ERR(?:_OR_NULL|_VALUE)?|WARN)/) {
7476			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7477			     "nested (un)?likely() calls, $1 already uses unlikely() internally\n" . $herecurr);
7478		}
7479
7480# whine mightly about in_atomic
7481		if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) {
7482			if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) {
7483				ERROR("IN_ATOMIC",
7484				      "do not use in_atomic in drivers\n" . $herecurr);
7485			} elsif ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/@) {
7486				WARN("IN_ATOMIC",
7487				     "use of in_atomic() is incorrect outside core kernel code\n" . $herecurr);
7488			}
7489		}
7490
7491# Complain about RCU Tasks Trace used outside of BPF (and of course, RCU).
7492		our $rcu_trace_funcs = qr{(?x:
7493			rcu_read_lock_trace |
7494			rcu_read_lock_trace_held |
7495			rcu_read_unlock_trace |
7496			call_rcu_tasks_trace |
7497			synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace |
7498			rcu_barrier_tasks_trace |
7499			rcu_request_urgent_qs_task
7500		)};
7501		our $rcu_trace_paths = qr{(?x:
7502			kernel/bpf/ |
7503			include/linux/bpf |
7504			net/bpf/ |
7505			kernel/rcu/ |
7506			include/linux/rcu
7507		)};
7508		if ($line =~ /\b($rcu_trace_funcs)\s*\(/) {
7509			if ($realfile !~ m{^$rcu_trace_paths}) {
7510				WARN("RCU_TASKS_TRACE",
7511				     "use of RCU tasks trace is incorrect outside BPF or core RCU code\n" . $herecurr);
7512			}
7513		}
7514
7515# check for lockdep_set_novalidate_class
7516		if ($line =~ /^.\s*lockdep_set_novalidate_class\s*\(/ ||
7517		    $line =~ /__lockdep_no_validate__\s*\)/ ) {
7518			if ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/lockdep@ &&
7519			    $realfile !~ m@^include/linux/lockdep@ &&
7520			    $realfile !~ m@^drivers/base/core@) {
7521				ERROR("LOCKDEP",
7522				      "lockdep_no_validate class is reserved for device->mutex.\n" . $herecurr);
7523			}
7524		}
7525
7526		if ($line =~ /debugfs_create_\w+.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/ ||
7527		    $line =~ /DEVICE_ATTR.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/) {
7528			WARN("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7529			     "Exporting world writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . $herecurr);
7530		}
7531
7532# check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_<FOO>
7533# and whether or not function naming is typical and if
7534# DEVICE_ATTR permissions uses are unusual too
7535		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7536		    defined $stat &&
7537		    $stat =~ /\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*\(?\s*(\s*(?:${multi_mode_perms_string_search}|0[0-7]{3,3})\s*)\s*\)?\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*\)/) {
7538			my $var = $1;
7539			my $perms = $2;
7540			my $show = $3;
7541			my $store = $4;
7542			my $octal_perms = perms_to_octal($perms);
7543			if ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7544			    $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7545			    $octal_perms eq "0644") {
7546				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RW",
7547					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . $herecurr) &&
7548				    $fix) {
7549					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RW(${var})/;
7550				}
7551			} elsif ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7552				 $store =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7553				 $octal_perms eq "0444") {
7554				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RO",
7555					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7556				    $fix) {
7557					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*NULL\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RO(${var})/;
7558				}
7559			} elsif ($show =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7560				 $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7561				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7562				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_WO",
7563					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7564				    $fix) {
7565					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*NULL\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_WO(${var})/;
7566				}
7567			} elsif ($octal_perms eq "0644" ||
7568				 $octal_perms eq "0444" ||
7569				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7570				my $newshow = "$show";
7571				$newshow = "${var}_show" if ($show ne "NULL" && $show ne "${var}_show");
7572				my $newstore = $store;
7573				$newstore = "${var}_store" if ($store ne "NULL" && $store ne "${var}_store");
7574				my $rename = "";
7575				if ($show ne $newshow) {
7576					$rename .= " '$show' to '$newshow'";
7577				}
7578				if ($store ne $newstore) {
7579					$rename .= " '$store' to '$newstore'";
7580				}
7581				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_FUNCTIONS",
7582				     "Consider renaming function(s)$rename\n" . $herecurr);
7583			} else {
7584				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_PERMS",
7585				     "DEVICE_ATTR unusual permissions '$perms' used\n" . $herecurr);
7586			}
7587		}
7588
7589# Mode permission misuses where it seems decimal should be octal
7590# This uses a shortcut match to avoid unnecessary uses of a slow foreach loop
7591# o Ignore module_param*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a
7592#   specific definition of not visible in sysfs.
7593# o Ignore proc_create*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that means
7594#   use the default permissions
7595		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7596		    defined $stat &&
7597		    $line =~ /$mode_perms_search/) {
7598			foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
7599				my $func = $entry->[0];
7600				my $arg_pos = $entry->[1];
7601
7602				my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7603				$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7604				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7605
7606				my $skip_args = "";
7607				if ($arg_pos > 1) {
7608					$arg_pos--;
7609					$skip_args = "(?:\\s*$FuncArg\\s*,\\s*){$arg_pos,$arg_pos}";
7610				}
7611				my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(?:\\|\\s*$FuncArg)*)\\s*[,\\)]";
7612				if ($stat =~ /$test/) {
7613					my $val = $1;
7614					$val = $6 if ($skip_args ne "");
7615					if (!($func =~ /^(?:module_param|proc_create)/ && $val eq "0") &&
7616					    (($val =~ /^$Int$/ && $val !~ /^$Octal$/) ||
7617					     ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && length($val) ne 4))) {
7618						ERROR("NON_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS",
7619						      "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7620					}
7621					if ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && (oct($val) & 02)) {
7622						ERROR("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7623						      "Exporting writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7624					}
7625				}
7626			}
7627		}
7628
7629# check for uses of S_<PERMS> that could be octal for readability
7630		while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) {
7631			my $oval = $1;
7632			my $octal = perms_to_octal($oval);
7633			if (WARN("SYMBOLIC_PERMS",
7634				 "Symbolic permissions '$oval' are not preferred. Consider using octal permissions '$octal'.\n" . $herecurr) &&
7635			    $fix) {
7636				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/;
7637			}
7638		}
7639
7640# validate content of MODULE_LICENSE against list from include/linux/module.h
7641		if ($line =~ /\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*($String)\s*\)/) {
7642			my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
7643			my $valid_licenses = qr{
7644						GPL|
7645						GPL\ v2|
7646						GPL\ and\ additional\ rights|
7647						Dual\ BSD/GPL|
7648						Dual\ MIT/GPL|
7649						Dual\ MPL/GPL|
7650						Proprietary
7651					}x;
7652			if ($extracted_string !~ /^"(?:$valid_licenses)"$/x) {
7653				WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7654				     "unknown module license " . $extracted_string . "\n" . $herecurr);
7655			}
7656			if (!$file && $extracted_string eq '"GPL v2"') {
7657				if (WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7658				     "Prefer \"GPL\" over \"GPL v2\" - see commit bf7fbeeae6db (\"module: Cure the MODULE_LICENSE \"GPL\" vs. \"GPL v2\" bogosity\")\n" . $herecurr) &&
7659				    $fix) {
7660					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*"GPL v2"\s*\)/MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")/;
7661				}
7662			}
7663		}
7664
7665# check for sysctl duplicate constants
7666		if ($line =~ /\.extra[12]\s*=\s*&(zero|one|int_max)\b/) {
7667			WARN("DUPLICATED_SYSCTL_CONST",
7668				"duplicated sysctl range checking value '$1', consider using the shared one in include/linux/sysctl.h\n" . $herecurr);
7669		}
7670	}
7671
7672	# If we have no input at all, then there is nothing to report on
7673	# so just keep quiet.
7674	if ($#rawlines == -1) {
7675		exit(0);
7676	}
7677
7678	# In mailback mode only produce a report in the negative, for
7679	# things that appear to be patches.
7680	if ($mailback && ($clean == 1 || !$is_patch)) {
7681		exit(0);
7682	}
7683
7684	# This is not a patch, and we are in 'no-patch' mode so
7685	# just keep quiet.
7686	if (!$chk_patch && !$is_patch) {
7687		exit(0);
7688	}
7689
7690	if (!$is_patch && $filename !~ /cover-letter\.patch$/) {
7691		ERROR("NOT_UNIFIED_DIFF",
7692		      "Does not appear to be a unified-diff format patch\n");
7693	}
7694	if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff) {
7695		if ($signoff == 0) {
7696			ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF",
7697			      "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n");
7698		} elsif ($authorsignoff != 1) {
7699			# authorsignoff values:
7700			# 0 -> missing sign off
7701			# 1 -> sign off identical
7702			# 2 -> names and addresses match, comments mismatch
7703			# 3 -> addresses match, names different
7704			# 4 -> names match, addresses different
7705			# 5 -> names match, addresses excluding subaddress details (refer RFC 5233) match
7706
7707			my $sob_msg = "'From: $author' != 'Signed-off-by: $author_sob'";
7708
7709			if ($authorsignoff == 0) {
7710				ERROR("NO_AUTHOR_SIGN_OFF",
7711				      "Missing Signed-off-by: line by nominal patch author '$author'\n");
7712			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 2) {
7713				CHK("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7714				    "From:/Signed-off-by: email comments mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7715			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 3) {
7716				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7717				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email name mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7718			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 4) {
7719				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7720				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email address mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7721			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 5) {
7722				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7723				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email subaddress mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7724			}
7725		}
7726	}
7727
7728	print report_dump();
7729	if ($summary && !($clean == 1 && $quiet == 1)) {
7730		print "$filename " if ($summary_file);
7731		print "total: $cnt_error errors, $cnt_warn warnings, " .
7732			(($check)? "$cnt_chk checks, " : "") .
7733			"$cnt_lines lines checked\n";
7734	}
7735
7736	if ($quiet == 0) {
7737		# If there were any defects found and not already fixing them
7738		if (!$clean and !$fix) {
7739			print << "EOM"
7740
7741NOTE: For some of the reported defects, checkpatch may be able to
7742      mechanically convert to the typical style using --fix or --fix-inplace.
7743EOM
7744		}
7745		# If there were whitespace errors which cleanpatch can fix
7746		# then suggest that.
7747		if ($rpt_cleaners) {
7748			$rpt_cleaners = 0;
7749			print << "EOM"
7750
7751NOTE: Whitespace errors detected.
7752      You may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile
7753EOM
7754		}
7755	}
7756
7757	if ($clean == 0 && $fix &&
7758	    ("@rawlines" ne "@fixed" ||
7759	     $#fixed_inserted >= 0 || $#fixed_deleted >= 0)) {
7760		my $newfile = $filename;
7761		$newfile .= ".EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes" if (!$fix_inplace);
7762		my $linecount = 0;
7763		my $f;
7764
7765		@fixed = fix_inserted_deleted_lines(\@fixed, \@fixed_inserted, \@fixed_deleted);
7766
7767		open($f, '>', $newfile)
7768		    or die "$P: Can't open $newfile for write\n";
7769		foreach my $fixed_line (@fixed) {
7770			$linecount++;
7771			if ($file) {
7772				if ($linecount > 3) {
7773					$fixed_line =~ s/^\+//;
7774					print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7775				}
7776			} else {
7777				print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7778			}
7779		}
7780		close($f);
7781
7782		if (!$quiet) {
7783			print << "EOM";
7784
7785Wrote EXPERIMENTAL --fix correction(s) to '$newfile'
7786
7787Do _NOT_ trust the results written to this file.
7788Do _NOT_ submit these changes without inspecting them for correctness.
7789
7790This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches.
7791No warranties, expressed or implied...
7792EOM
7793		}
7794	}
7795
7796	if ($quiet == 0) {
7797		print "\n";
7798		if ($clean == 1) {
7799			print "$vname has no obvious style problems and is ready for submission.\n";
7800		} else {
7801			print "$vname has style problems, please review.\n";
7802		}
7803	}
7804	return $clean;
7805}