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   1#!/usr/bin/env perl
   2# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   3#
   4# (c) 2001, Dave Jones. (the file handling bit)
   5# (c) 2005, Joel Schopp <jschopp@austin.ibm.com> (the ugly bit)
   6# (c) 2007,2008, Andy Whitcroft <apw@uk.ibm.com> (new conditions, test suite)
   7# (c) 2008-2010 Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
   8# (c) 2010-2018 Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
   9
  10use strict;
  11use warnings;
  12use POSIX;
  13use File::Basename;
  14use Cwd 'abs_path';
  15use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
  16use Encode qw(decode encode);
  17
  18my $P = $0;
  19my $D = dirname(abs_path($P));
  20
  21my $V = '0.32';
  22
  23use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);
  24
  25my $quiet = 0;
  26my $verbose = 0;
  27my %verbose_messages = ();
  28my %verbose_emitted = ();
  29my $tree = 1;
  30my $chk_signoff = 1;
 
  31my $chk_patch = 1;
  32my $tst_only;
  33my $emacs = 0;
  34my $terse = 0;
  35my $showfile = 0;
  36my $file = 0;
  37my $git = 0;
  38my %git_commits = ();
  39my $check = 0;
  40my $check_orig = 0;
  41my $summary = 1;
  42my $mailback = 0;
  43my $summary_file = 0;
  44my $show_types = 0;
  45my $list_types = 0;
  46my $fix = 0;
  47my $fix_inplace = 0;
  48my $root;
  49my $gitroot = $ENV{'GIT_DIR'};
  50$gitroot = ".git" if !defined($gitroot);
  51my %debug;
  52my %camelcase = ();
  53my %use_type = ();
  54my @use = ();
  55my %ignore_type = ();
  56my @ignore = ();
  57my $help = 0;
  58my $configuration_file = ".checkpatch.conf";
  59my $max_line_length = 100;
  60my $ignore_perl_version = 0;
  61my $minimum_perl_version = 5.10.0;
  62my $min_conf_desc_length = 4;
  63my $spelling_file = "$D/spelling.txt";
  64my $codespell = 0;
  65my $codespellfile = "/usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt";
  66my $user_codespellfile = "";
  67my $conststructsfile = "$D/const_structs.checkpatch";
  68my $docsfile = "$D/../Documentation/dev-tools/checkpatch.rst";
  69my $typedefsfile;
  70my $color = "auto";
  71my $allow_c99_comments = 1; # Can be overridden by --ignore C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE
  72# git output parsing needs US English output, so first set backtick child process LANGUAGE
  73my $git_command ='export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8; git';
  74my $tabsize = 8;
  75my ${CONFIG_} = "CONFIG_";
  76
 
 
  77sub help {
  78	my ($exitcode) = @_;
  79
  80	print << "EOM";
  81Usage: $P [OPTION]... [FILE]...
  82Version: $V
  83
  84Options:
  85  -q, --quiet                quiet
  86  -v, --verbose              verbose mode
  87  --no-tree                  run without a kernel tree
  88  --no-signoff               do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line
 
  89  --patch                    treat FILE as patchfile (default)
  90  --emacs                    emacs compile window format
  91  --terse                    one line per report
  92  --showfile                 emit diffed file position, not input file position
  93  -g, --git                  treat FILE as a single commit or git revision range
  94                             single git commit with:
  95                               <rev>
  96                               <rev>^
  97                               <rev>~n
  98                             multiple git commits with:
  99                               <rev1>..<rev2>
 100                               <rev1>...<rev2>
 101                               <rev>-<count>
 102                             git merges are ignored
 103  -f, --file                 treat FILE as regular source file
 104  --subjective, --strict     enable more subjective tests
 105  --list-types               list the possible message types
 106  --types TYPE(,TYPE2...)    show only these comma separated message types
 107  --ignore TYPE(,TYPE2...)   ignore various comma separated message types
 108  --show-types               show the specific message type in the output
 109  --max-line-length=n        set the maximum line length, (default $max_line_length)
 110                             if exceeded, warn on patches
 111                             requires --strict for use with --file
 112  --min-conf-desc-length=n   set the min description length, if shorter, warn
 113  --tab-size=n               set the number of spaces for tab (default $tabsize)
 114  --root=PATH                PATH to the kernel tree root
 115  --no-summary               suppress the per-file summary
 116  --mailback                 only produce a report in case of warnings/errors
 117  --summary-file             include the filename in summary
 118  --debug KEY=[0|1]          turn on/off debugging of KEY, where KEY is one of
 119                             'values', 'possible', 'type', and 'attr' (default
 120                             is all off)
 121  --test-only=WORD           report only warnings/errors containing WORD
 122                             literally
 123  --fix                      EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 124                             If correctable single-line errors exist, create
 125                             "<inputfile>.EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes"
 126                             with potential errors corrected to the preferred
 127                             checkpatch style
 128  --fix-inplace              EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 129                             Is the same as --fix, but overwrites the input
 130                             file.  It's your fault if there's no backup or git
 131  --ignore-perl-version      override checking of perl version.  expect
 132                             runtime errors.
 133  --codespell                Use the codespell dictionary for spelling/typos
 134                             (default:$codespellfile)
 135  --codespellfile            Use this codespell dictionary
 136  --typedefsfile             Read additional types from this file
 137  --color[=WHEN]             Use colors 'always', 'never', or only when output
 138                             is a terminal ('auto'). Default is 'auto'.
 139  --kconfig-prefix=WORD      use WORD as a prefix for Kconfig symbols (default
 140                             ${CONFIG_})
 141  -h, --help, --version      display this help and exit
 142
 143When FILE is - read standard input.
 144EOM
 145
 146	exit($exitcode);
 147}
 148
 149sub uniq {
 150	my %seen;
 151	return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_;
 152}
 153
 154sub list_types {
 155	my ($exitcode) = @_;
 156
 157	my $count = 0;
 158
 159	local $/ = undef;
 160
 161	open(my $script, '<', abs_path($P)) or
 162	    die "$P: Can't read '$P' $!\n";
 163
 164	my $text = <$script>;
 165	close($script);
 166
 167	my %types = ();
 168	# Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable
 169	while ($text =~ /(?:(\bCHK|\bWARN|\bERROR|&\{\$msg_level})\s*\(|\$msg_type\s*=)\s*"([^"]+)"/g) {
 170		if (defined($1)) {
 171			if (exists($types{$2})) {
 172				$types{$2} .= ",$1" if ($types{$2} ne $1);
 173			} else {
 174				$types{$2} = $1;
 175			}
 176		} else {
 177			$types{$2} = "UNDETERMINED";
 178		}
 179	}
 180
 181	print("#\tMessage type\n\n");
 182	if ($color) {
 183		print(" ( Color coding: ");
 184		print(RED . "ERROR" . RESET);
 185		print(" | ");
 186		print(YELLOW . "WARNING" . RESET);
 187		print(" | ");
 188		print(GREEN . "CHECK" . RESET);
 189		print(" | ");
 190		print("Multiple levels / Undetermined");
 191		print(" )\n\n");
 192	}
 193
 194	foreach my $type (sort keys %types) {
 195		my $orig_type = $type;
 196		if ($color) {
 197			my $level = $types{$type};
 198			if ($level eq "ERROR") {
 199				$type = RED . $type . RESET;
 200			} elsif ($level eq "WARN") {
 201				$type = YELLOW . $type . RESET;
 202			} elsif ($level eq "CHK") {
 203				$type = GREEN . $type . RESET;
 204			}
 205		}
 206		print(++$count . "\t" . $type . "\n");
 207		if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$orig_type})) {
 208			my $message = $verbose_messages{$orig_type};
 209			$message =~ s/\n/\n\t/g;
 210			print("\t" . $message . "\n\n");
 211		}
 212	}
 213
 214	exit($exitcode);
 215}
 216
 217my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file);
 218if (-f $conf) {
 219	my @conf_args;
 220	open(my $conffile, '<', "$conf")
 221	    or warn "$P: Can't find a readable $configuration_file file $!\n";
 222
 223	while (<$conffile>) {
 224		my $line = $_;
 225
 226		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 227		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 228		$line =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 229
 230		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 231		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 232
 233		my @words = split(" ", $line);
 234		foreach my $word (@words) {
 235			last if ($word =~ m/^#/);
 236			push (@conf_args, $word);
 237		}
 238	}
 239	close($conffile);
 240	unshift(@ARGV, @conf_args) if @conf_args;
 241}
 242
 243sub load_docs {
 244	open(my $docs, '<', "$docsfile")
 245	    or warn "$P: Can't read the documentation file $docsfile $!\n";
 246
 247	my $type = '';
 248	my $desc = '';
 249	my $in_desc = 0;
 250
 251	while (<$docs>) {
 252		chomp;
 253		my $line = $_;
 254		$line =~ s/\s+$//;
 255
 256		if ($line =~ /^\s*\*\*(.+)\*\*$/) {
 257			if ($desc ne '') {
 258				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 259			}
 260			$type = $1;
 261			$desc = '';
 262			$in_desc = 1;
 263		} elsif ($in_desc) {
 264			if ($line =~ /^(?:\s{4,}|$)/) {
 265				$line =~ s/^\s{4}//;
 266				$desc .= $line;
 267				$desc .= "\n";
 268			} else {
 269				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 270				$type = '';
 271				$desc = '';
 272				$in_desc = 0;
 273			}
 274		}
 275	}
 276
 277	if ($desc ne '') {
 278		$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 279	}
 280	close($docs);
 281}
 282
 283# Perl's Getopt::Long allows options to take optional arguments after a space.
 284# Prevent --color by itself from consuming other arguments
 285foreach (@ARGV) {
 286	if ($_ eq "--color" || $_ eq "-color") {
 287		$_ = "--color=$color";
 288	}
 289}
 290
 291GetOptions(
 292	'q|quiet+'	=> \$quiet,
 293	'v|verbose!'	=> \$verbose,
 294	'tree!'		=> \$tree,
 295	'signoff!'	=> \$chk_signoff,
 
 296	'patch!'	=> \$chk_patch,
 297	'emacs!'	=> \$emacs,
 298	'terse!'	=> \$terse,
 299	'showfile!'	=> \$showfile,
 300	'f|file!'	=> \$file,
 301	'g|git!'	=> \$git,
 302	'subjective!'	=> \$check,
 303	'strict!'	=> \$check,
 304	'ignore=s'	=> \@ignore,
 305	'types=s'	=> \@use,
 306	'show-types!'	=> \$show_types,
 307	'list-types!'	=> \$list_types,
 308	'max-line-length=i' => \$max_line_length,
 309	'min-conf-desc-length=i' => \$min_conf_desc_length,
 310	'tab-size=i'	=> \$tabsize,
 311	'root=s'	=> \$root,
 312	'summary!'	=> \$summary,
 313	'mailback!'	=> \$mailback,
 314	'summary-file!'	=> \$summary_file,
 315	'fix!'		=> \$fix,
 316	'fix-inplace!'	=> \$fix_inplace,
 317	'ignore-perl-version!' => \$ignore_perl_version,
 318	'debug=s'	=> \%debug,
 319	'test-only=s'	=> \$tst_only,
 320	'codespell!'	=> \$codespell,
 321	'codespellfile=s'	=> \$user_codespellfile,
 322	'typedefsfile=s'	=> \$typedefsfile,
 323	'color=s'	=> \$color,
 324	'no-color'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 325	'nocolor'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 326	'kconfig-prefix=s'	=> \${CONFIG_},
 327	'h|help'	=> \$help,
 328	'version'	=> \$help
 329) or $help = 2;
 330
 331if ($user_codespellfile) {
 332	# Use the user provided codespell file unconditionally
 333	$codespellfile = $user_codespellfile;
 334} elsif (!(-f $codespellfile)) {
 335	# If /usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt is not present, try to find it
 336	# under codespell's install directory: <codespell_root>/data/dictionary.txt
 337	if (($codespell || $help) && which("python3") ne "") {
 338		my $python_codespell_dict = << "EOF";
 339
 340import os.path as op
 341import codespell_lib
 342codespell_dir = op.dirname(codespell_lib.__file__)
 343codespell_file = op.join(codespell_dir, 'data', 'dictionary.txt')
 344print(codespell_file, end='')
 345EOF
 346
 347		my $codespell_dict = `python3 -c "$python_codespell_dict" 2> /dev/null`;
 348		$codespellfile = $codespell_dict if (-f $codespell_dict);
 349	}
 350}
 351
 352# $help is 1 if either -h, --help or --version is passed as option - exitcode: 0
 353# $help is 2 if invalid option is passed - exitcode: 1
 354help($help - 1) if ($help);
 355
 356die "$P: --git cannot be used with --file or --fix\n" if ($git && ($file || $fix));
 357die "$P: --verbose cannot be used with --terse\n" if ($verbose && $terse);
 358
 359if ($color =~ /^[01]$/) {
 360	$color = !$color;
 361} elsif ($color =~ /^always$/i) {
 362	$color = 1;
 363} elsif ($color =~ /^never$/i) {
 364	$color = 0;
 365} elsif ($color =~ /^auto$/i) {
 366	$color = (-t STDOUT);
 367} else {
 368	die "$P: Invalid color mode: $color\n";
 369}
 370
 371load_docs() if ($verbose);
 372list_types(0) if ($list_types);
 373
 374$fix = 1 if ($fix_inplace);
 375$check_orig = $check;
 376
 377my $exit = 0;
 378
 379my $perl_version_ok = 1;
 380if ($^V && $^V lt $minimum_perl_version) {
 381	$perl_version_ok = 0;
 382	printf "$P: requires at least perl version %vd\n", $minimum_perl_version;
 383	exit(1) if (!$ignore_perl_version);
 384}
 385
 386#if no filenames are given, push '-' to read patch from stdin
 387if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 388	push(@ARGV, '-');
 389}
 390
 391# skip TAB size 1 to avoid additional checks on $tabsize - 1
 392die "$P: Invalid TAB size: $tabsize\n" if ($tabsize < 2);
 393
 394sub hash_save_array_words {
 395	my ($hashRef, $arrayRef) = @_;
 396
 397	my @array = split(/,/, join(',', @$arrayRef));
 398	foreach my $word (@array) {
 399		$word =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 400		$word =~ s/^\s*//g;
 401		$word =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 402		$word =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
 403
 404		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*#/);
 405		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/);
 406
 407		$hashRef->{$word}++;
 408	}
 409}
 410
 411sub hash_show_words {
 412	my ($hashRef, $prefix) = @_;
 413
 414	if (keys %$hashRef) {
 415		print "\nNOTE: $prefix message types:";
 416		foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) {
 417			print " $word";
 418		}
 419		print "\n";
 420	}
 421}
 422
 423hash_save_array_words(\%ignore_type, \@ignore);
 424hash_save_array_words(\%use_type, \@use);
 425
 426my $dbg_values = 0;
 427my $dbg_possible = 0;
 428my $dbg_type = 0;
 429my $dbg_attr = 0;
 430for my $key (keys %debug) {
 431	## no critic
 432	eval "\${dbg_$key} = '$debug{$key}';";
 433	die "$@" if ($@);
 434}
 435
 436my $rpt_cleaners = 0;
 437
 438if ($terse) {
 439	$emacs = 1;
 440	$quiet++;
 441}
 442
 443if ($tree) {
 444	if (defined $root) {
 445		if (!top_of_kernel_tree($root)) {
 446			die "$P: $root: --root does not point at a valid tree\n";
 447		}
 448	} else {
 449		if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) {
 450			$root = '.';
 451		} elsif ($0 =~ m@(.*)/scripts/[^/]*$@ &&
 452						top_of_kernel_tree($1)) {
 453			$root = $1;
 454		}
 455	}
 456
 457	if (!defined $root) {
 458		print "Must be run from the top-level dir. of a kernel tree\n";
 459		exit(2);
 460	}
 461}
 462
 463my $emitted_corrupt = 0;
 464
 465our $Ident	= qr{
 466			[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*
 467			(?:\s*\#\#\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)*
 468		}x;
 469our $Storage	= qr{extern|static|asmlinkage};
 470our $Sparse	= qr{
 471			__user|
 472			__kernel|
 473			__force|
 474			__iomem|
 475			__must_check|
 476			__kprobes|
 477			__ref|
 478			__refconst|
 479			__refdata|
 480			__rcu|
 481			__private
 482		}x;
 483our $InitAttributePrefix = qr{__(?:mem|cpu|dev|net_|)};
 484our $InitAttributeData = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initdata\b)};
 485our $InitAttributeConst = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initconst\b)};
 486our $InitAttributeInit = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:init\b)};
 487our $InitAttribute = qr{$InitAttributeData|$InitAttributeConst|$InitAttributeInit};
 488
 489# Notes to $Attribute:
 490# We need \b after 'init' otherwise 'initconst' will cause a false positive in a check
 491our $Attribute	= qr{
 492			const|
 493			volatile|
 494			__percpu|
 495			__nocast|
 496			__safe|
 497			__bitwise|
 498			__packed__|
 499			__packed2__|
 500			__naked|
 501			__maybe_unused|
 502			__always_unused|
 503			__noreturn|
 504			__used|
 505			__cold|
 506			__pure|
 507			__noclone|
 508			__deprecated|
 509			__read_mostly|
 510			__ro_after_init|
 511			__kprobes|
 512			$InitAttribute|
 
 513			____cacheline_aligned|
 514			____cacheline_aligned_in_smp|
 515			____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp|
 516			__weak|
 517			__alloc_size\s*\(\s*\d+\s*(?:,\s*\d+\s*)?\)
 518		  }x;
 519our $Modifier;
 520our $Inline	= qr{inline|__always_inline|noinline|__inline|__inline__};
 521our $Member	= qr{->$Ident|\.$Ident|\[[^]]*\]};
 522our $Lval	= qr{$Ident(?:$Member)*};
 523
 524our $Int_type	= qr{(?i)llu|ull|ll|lu|ul|l|u};
 525our $Binary	= qr{(?i)0b[01]+$Int_type?};
 526our $Hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type?};
 527our $Int	= qr{[0-9]+$Int_type?};
 528our $Octal	= qr{0[0-7]+$Int_type?};
 529our $String	= qr{(?:\b[Lu])?"[X\t]*"};
 530our $Float_hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+p-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 531our $Float_dec	= qr{(?i)(?:[0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+)(?:e-?[0-9]+)?[fl]?};
 532our $Float_int	= qr{(?i)[0-9]+e-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 533our $Float	= qr{$Float_hex|$Float_dec|$Float_int};
 534our $Constant	= qr{$Float|$Binary|$Octal|$Hex|$Int};
 535our $Assignment	= qr{\*\=|/=|%=|\+=|-=|<<=|>>=|&=|\^=|\|=|=};
 536our $Compare    = qr{<=|>=|==|!=|<|(?<!-)>};
 537our $Arithmetic = qr{\+|-|\*|\/|%};
 538our $Operators	= qr{
 539			<=|>=|==|!=|
 540			=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|!|~|
 541			&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||$Arithmetic
 542		  }x;
 543
 544our $c90_Keywords = qr{do|for|while|if|else|return|goto|continue|switch|default|case|break}x;
 545
 546our $BasicType;
 547our $NonptrType;
 548our $NonptrTypeMisordered;
 549our $NonptrTypeWithAttr;
 550our $Type;
 551our $TypeMisordered;
 552our $Declare;
 553our $DeclareMisordered;
 554
 555our $NON_ASCII_UTF8	= qr{
 556	[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]               # non-overlong 2-byte
 557	|  \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding overlongs
 558	| [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # straight 3-byte
 559	|  \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding surrogates
 560	|  \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # planes 1-3
 561	| [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
 562	|  \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # plane 16
 563}x;
 564
 565our $UTF8	= qr{
 566	[\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]              # ASCII
 567	| $NON_ASCII_UTF8
 568}x;
 569
 570our $typeC99Typedefs = qr{(?:__)?(?:[us]_?)?int_?(?:8|16|32|64)_t};
 571our $typeOtherOSTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 572	u_(?:char|short|int|long) |          # bsd
 573	u(?:nchar|short|int|long)            # sysv
 574)};
 575our $typeKernelTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 576	(?:__)?(?:u|s|be|le)(?:8|16|32|64)|
 577	atomic_t
 578)};
 579our $typeStdioTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 580	FILE
 581)};
 582our $typeTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 583	$typeC99Typedefs\b|
 584	$typeOtherOSTypedefs\b|
 585	$typeKernelTypedefs\b|
 586	$typeStdioTypedefs\b
 587)};
 588
 589our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(?:0[xX])?0+$Int_type?|NULL|false)\b};
 590
 591our $logFunctions = qr{(?x:
 592	printk(?:_ratelimited|_once|_deferred_once|_deferred|)|
 593	(?:[a-z0-9]+_){1,2}(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(?:_ratelimited|_once|)|
 594	TP_printk|
 595	WARN(?:_RATELIMIT|_ONCE|)|
 596	panic|
 597	MODULE_[A-Z_]+|
 598	seq_vprintf|seq_printf|seq_puts
 599)};
 600
 601our $allocFunctions = qr{(?x:
 602	(?:(?:devm_)?
 603		(?:kv|k|v)[czm]alloc(?:_array)?(?:_node)? |
 604		kstrdup(?:_const)? |
 605		kmemdup(?:_nul)?) |
 606	(?:\w+)?alloc_skb(?:_ip_align)? |
 607				# dev_alloc_skb/netdev_alloc_skb, et al
 608	dma_alloc_coherent
 609)};
 610
 611our $signature_tags = qr{(?xi:
 612	Signed-off-by:|
 613	Co-developed-by:|
 614	Acked-by:|
 615	Tested-by:|
 616	Reviewed-by:|
 617	Reported-by:|
 618	Suggested-by:|
 619	To:|
 620	Cc:
 621)};
 622
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 623our $tracing_logging_tags = qr{(?xi:
 624	[=-]*> |
 625	<[=-]* |
 626	\[ |
 627	\] |
 628	start |
 629	called |
 630	entered |
 631	entry |
 632	enter |
 633	in |
 634	inside |
 635	here |
 636	begin |
 637	exit |
 638	end |
 639	done |
 640	leave |
 641	completed |
 642	out |
 643	return |
 644	[\.\!:\s]*
 645)};
 646
 647sub edit_distance_min {
 648	my (@arr) = @_;
 649	my $len = scalar @arr;
 650	if ((scalar @arr) < 1) {
 651		# if underflow, return
 652		return;
 653	}
 654	my $min = $arr[0];
 655	for my $i (0 .. ($len-1)) {
 656		if ($arr[$i] < $min) {
 657			$min = $arr[$i];
 658		}
 659	}
 660	return $min;
 661}
 662
 663sub get_edit_distance {
 664	my ($str1, $str2) = @_;
 665	$str1 = lc($str1);
 666	$str2 = lc($str2);
 667	$str1 =~ s/-//g;
 668	$str2 =~ s/-//g;
 669	my $len1 = length($str1);
 670	my $len2 = length($str2);
 671	# two dimensional array storing minimum edit distance
 672	my @distance;
 673	for my $i (0 .. $len1) {
 674		for my $j (0 .. $len2) {
 675			if ($i == 0) {
 676				$distance[$i][$j] = $j;
 677			} elsif ($j == 0) {
 678				$distance[$i][$j] = $i;
 679			} elsif (substr($str1, $i-1, 1) eq substr($str2, $j-1, 1)) {
 680				$distance[$i][$j] = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1];
 681			} else {
 682				my $dist1 = $distance[$i][$j - 1]; #insert distance
 683				my $dist2 = $distance[$i - 1][$j]; # remove
 684				my $dist3 = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1]; #replace
 685				$distance[$i][$j] = 1 + edit_distance_min($dist1, $dist2, $dist3);
 686			}
 687		}
 688	}
 689	return $distance[$len1][$len2];
 690}
 691
 692sub find_standard_signature {
 693	my ($sign_off) = @_;
 694	my @standard_signature_tags = (
 695		'Signed-off-by:', 'Co-developed-by:', 'Acked-by:', 'Tested-by:',
 696		'Reviewed-by:', 'Reported-by:', 'Suggested-by:'
 697	);
 698	foreach my $signature (@standard_signature_tags) {
 699		return $signature if (get_edit_distance($sign_off, $signature) <= 2);
 700	}
 701
 702	return "";
 703}
 704
 705our $obsolete_archives = qr{(?xi:
 706	\Qfreedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel\E |
 707	\Qlists.infradead.org\E |
 708	\Qlkml.org\E |
 709	\Qmail-archive.com\E |
 710	\Qmailman.alsa-project.org/pipermail\E |
 711	\Qmarc.info\E |
 712	\Qozlabs.org/pipermail\E |
 713	\Qspinics.net\E
 714)};
 715
 716our @typeListMisordered = (
 717	qr{char\s+(?:un)?signed},
 718	qr{int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s},
 719	qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 720	qr{short\s+int(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 721	qr{(?:un)?signed\s+int\s+short},
 722	qr{short\s+(?:un)?signed},
 723	qr{long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 724	qr{int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 725	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 726	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed\s+long},
 727	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 728	qr{int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 729	qr{long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 730	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 731	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 732	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 733);
 734
 735our @typeList = (
 736	qr{void},
 737	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?char},
 738	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s+int},
 739	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short},
 740	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int},
 741	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int},
 742	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int},
 743	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long},
 744	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long},
 745	qr{(?:un)?signed},
 746	qr{float},
 747	qr{double},
 748	qr{bool},
 749	qr{struct\s+$Ident},
 750	qr{union\s+$Ident},
 751	qr{enum\s+$Ident},
 752	qr{${Ident}_t},
 753	qr{${Ident}_handler},
 754	qr{${Ident}_handler_fn},
 755	@typeListMisordered,
 756);
 757
 758our $C90_int_types = qr{(?x:
 759	long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 760	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 761	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 762	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int|
 763	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 764	int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 765	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 766
 767	long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 768	long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 769	long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 770	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int|
 771	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 772	int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 773	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 774
 775	int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 776	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int
 777)};
 778
 779our @typeListFile = ();
 780our @typeListWithAttr = (
 781	@typeList,
 782	qr{struct\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 783	qr{union\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 784);
 785
 786our @modifierList = (
 787	qr{fastcall},
 788);
 789our @modifierListFile = ();
 790
 791our @mode_permission_funcs = (
 792	["module_param", 3],
 793	["module_param_(?:array|named|string)", 4],
 794	["module_param_array_named", 5],
 795	["debugfs_create_(?:file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2],
 796	["proc_create(?:_data|)", 2],
 797	["(?:CLASS|DEVICE|SENSOR|SENSOR_DEVICE|IIO_DEVICE)_ATTR", 2],
 798	["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1],
 799	["SENSOR_(?:DEVICE_|)ATTR_2", 2],
 800	["SENSOR_TEMPLATE(?:_2|)", 3],
 801	["__ATTR", 2],
 802);
 803
 804my $word_pattern = '\b[A-Z]?[a-z]{2,}\b';
 805
 806#Create a search pattern for all these functions to speed up a loop below
 807our $mode_perms_search = "";
 808foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
 809	$mode_perms_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_search ne "");
 810	$mode_perms_search .= $entry->[0];
 811}
 812$mode_perms_search = "(?:${mode_perms_search})";
 813
 814our %deprecated_apis = (
 815	"synchronize_rcu_bh"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 816	"synchronize_rcu_bh_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 817	"call_rcu_bh"				=> "call_rcu",
 818	"rcu_barrier_bh"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 819	"synchronize_sched"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 820	"synchronize_sched_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 821	"call_rcu_sched"			=> "call_rcu",
 822	"rcu_barrier_sched"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 823	"get_state_synchronize_sched"		=> "get_state_synchronize_rcu",
 824	"cond_synchronize_sched"		=> "cond_synchronize_rcu",
 825	"kmap"					=> "kmap_local_page",
 
 826	"kmap_atomic"				=> "kmap_local_page",
 
 827);
 828
 829#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 830our $deprecated_apis_search = "";
 831foreach my $entry (keys %deprecated_apis) {
 832	$deprecated_apis_search .= '|' if ($deprecated_apis_search ne "");
 833	$deprecated_apis_search .= $entry;
 834}
 835$deprecated_apis_search = "(?:${deprecated_apis_search})";
 836
 837our $mode_perms_world_writable = qr{
 838	S_IWUGO		|
 839	S_IWOTH		|
 840	S_IRWXUGO	|
 841	S_IALLUGO	|
 842	0[0-7][0-7][2367]
 843}x;
 844
 845our %mode_permission_string_types = (
 846	"S_IRWXU" => 0700,
 847	"S_IRUSR" => 0400,
 848	"S_IWUSR" => 0200,
 849	"S_IXUSR" => 0100,
 850	"S_IRWXG" => 0070,
 851	"S_IRGRP" => 0040,
 852	"S_IWGRP" => 0020,
 853	"S_IXGRP" => 0010,
 854	"S_IRWXO" => 0007,
 855	"S_IROTH" => 0004,
 856	"S_IWOTH" => 0002,
 857	"S_IXOTH" => 0001,
 858	"S_IRWXUGO" => 0777,
 859	"S_IRUGO" => 0444,
 860	"S_IWUGO" => 0222,
 861	"S_IXUGO" => 0111,
 862);
 863
 864#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 865our $mode_perms_string_search = "";
 866foreach my $entry (keys %mode_permission_string_types) {
 867	$mode_perms_string_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_string_search ne "");
 868	$mode_perms_string_search .= $entry;
 869}
 870our $single_mode_perms_string_search = "(?:${mode_perms_string_search})";
 871our $multi_mode_perms_string_search = qr{
 872	${single_mode_perms_string_search}
 873	(?:\s*\|\s*${single_mode_perms_string_search})*
 874}x;
 875
 876sub perms_to_octal {
 877	my ($string) = @_;
 878
 879	return trim($string) if ($string =~ /^\s*0[0-7]{3,3}\s*$/);
 880
 881	my $val = "";
 882	my $oval = "";
 883	my $to = 0;
 884	my $curpos = 0;
 885	my $lastpos = 0;
 886	while ($string =~ /\b(($single_mode_perms_string_search)\b(?:\s*\|\s*)?\s*)/g) {
 887		$curpos = pos($string);
 888		my $match = $2;
 889		my $omatch = $1;
 890		last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos));
 891		$lastpos = $curpos;
 892		$to |= $mode_permission_string_types{$match};
 893		$val .= '\s*\|\s*' if ($val ne "");
 894		$val .= $match;
 895		$oval .= $omatch;
 896	}
 897	$oval =~ s/^\s*\|\s*//;
 898	$oval =~ s/\s*\|\s*$//;
 899	return sprintf("%04o", $to);
 900}
 901
 902our $allowed_asm_includes = qr{(?x:
 903	irq|
 904	memory|
 905	time|
 906	reboot
 907)};
 908# memory.h: ARM has a custom one
 909
 910# Load common spelling mistakes and build regular expression list.
 911my $misspellings;
 912my %spelling_fix;
 913
 914if (open(my $spelling, '<', $spelling_file)) {
 915	while (<$spelling>) {
 916		my $line = $_;
 917
 918		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 919		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 920
 921		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 922		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 923
 924		my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/\|\|/, $line);
 925
 926		$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 927	}
 928	close($spelling);
 929} else {
 930	warn "No typos will be found - file '$spelling_file': $!\n";
 931}
 932
 933if ($codespell) {
 934	if (open(my $spelling, '<', $codespellfile)) {
 935		while (<$spelling>) {
 936			my $line = $_;
 937
 938			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 939			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 940
 941			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 942			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 943			next if ($line =~ m/, disabled/i);
 944
 945			$line =~ s/,.*$//;
 946
 947			my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/->/, $line);
 948
 949			$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 950		}
 951		close($spelling);
 952	} else {
 953		warn "No codespell typos will be found - file '$codespellfile': $!\n";
 954	}
 955}
 956
 957$misspellings = join("|", sort keys %spelling_fix) if keys %spelling_fix;
 958
 959sub read_words {
 960	my ($wordsRef, $file) = @_;
 961
 962	if (open(my $words, '<', $file)) {
 963		while (<$words>) {
 964			my $line = $_;
 965
 966			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 967			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 968
 969			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 970			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 971			if ($line =~ /\s/) {
 972				print("$file: '$line' invalid - ignored\n");
 973				next;
 974			}
 975
 976			$$wordsRef .= '|' if (defined $$wordsRef);
 977			$$wordsRef .= $line;
 978		}
 979		close($file);
 980		return 1;
 981	}
 982
 983	return 0;
 984}
 985
 986my $const_structs;
 987if (show_type("CONST_STRUCT")) {
 988	read_words(\$const_structs, $conststructsfile)
 989	    or warn "No structs that should be const will be found - file '$conststructsfile': $!\n";
 990}
 991
 992if (defined($typedefsfile)) {
 993	my $typeOtherTypedefs;
 994	read_words(\$typeOtherTypedefs, $typedefsfile)
 995	    or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n";
 996	$typeTypedefs .= '|' . $typeOtherTypedefs if (defined $typeOtherTypedefs);
 997}
 998
 999sub build_types {
1000	my $mods = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@modifierList, @modifierListFile)) . "\n)";
1001	my $all = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@typeList, @typeListFile)) . "\n)";
1002	my $Misordered = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListMisordered) . "\n)";
1003	my $allWithAttr = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListWithAttr) . "\n)";
1004	$Modifier	= qr{(?:$Attribute|$Sparse|$mods)};
1005	$BasicType	= qr{
1006				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1007				(?:${all}\b)
1008		}x;
1009	$NonptrType	= qr{
1010			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1011			(?:
1012				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1013				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1014				(?:${all}\b)
1015			)
1016			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1017		  }x;
1018	$NonptrTypeMisordered	= qr{
1019			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1020			(?:
1021				(?:${Misordered}\b)
1022			)
1023			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1024		  }x;
1025	$NonptrTypeWithAttr	= qr{
1026			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1027			(?:
1028				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1029				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1030				(?:${allWithAttr}\b)
1031			)
1032			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1033		  }x;
1034	$Type	= qr{
1035			$NonptrType
1036			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1037			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1038		  }x;
1039	$TypeMisordered	= qr{
1040			$NonptrTypeMisordered
1041			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1042			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1043		  }x;
1044	$Declare	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$Type};
1045	$DeclareMisordered	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$TypeMisordered};
1046}
1047build_types();
1048
1049our $Typecast	= qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*};
1050
1051# Using $balanced_parens, $LvalOrFunc, or $FuncArg
1052# requires at least perl version v5.10.0
1053# Any use must be runtime checked with $^V
1054
1055our $balanced_parens = qr/(\((?:[^\(\)]++|(?-1))*\))/;
1056our $LvalOrFunc	= qr{((?:[\&\*]\s*)?$Lval)\s*($balanced_parens{0,1})\s*};
1057our $FuncArg = qr{$Typecast{0,1}($LvalOrFunc|$Constant|$String)};
1058
1059our $declaration_macros = qr{(?x:
1060	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:[A-Z_][A-Z0-9]*_){0,2}(?:DEFINE|DECLARE)(?:_[A-Z0-9]+){1,6}\s*\(|
1061	(?:$Storage\s+)?[HLP]?LIST_HEAD\s*\(|
1062	(?:SKCIPHER_REQUEST|SHASH_DESC|AHASH_REQUEST)_ON_STACK\s*\(|
1063	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:XA_STATE|XA_STATE_ORDER)\s*\(
1064)};
1065
1066our %allow_repeated_words = (
1067	add => '',
1068	added => '',
1069	bad => '',
1070	be => '',
1071);
1072
1073sub deparenthesize {
1074	my ($string) = @_;
1075	return "" if (!defined($string));
1076
1077	while ($string =~ /^\s*\(.*\)\s*$/) {
1078		$string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@;
1079		$string =~ s@\s*\)\s*$@@;
1080	}
1081
1082	$string =~ s@\s+@ @g;
1083
1084	return $string;
1085}
1086
1087sub seed_camelcase_file {
1088	my ($file) = @_;
1089
1090	return if (!(-f $file));
1091
1092	local $/;
1093
1094	open(my $include_file, '<', "$file")
1095	    or warn "$P: Can't read '$file' $!\n";
1096	my $text = <$include_file>;
1097	close($include_file);
1098
1099	my @lines = split('\n', $text);
1100
1101	foreach my $line (@lines) {
1102		next if ($line !~ /(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])/);
1103		if ($line =~ /^[ \t]*(?:#[ \t]*define|typedef\s+$Type)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)/) {
1104			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1105		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*$Declare\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[\(\[,;]/) {
1106			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1107		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*(?:union|struct|enum)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[;\{]/) {
1108			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1109		}
1110	}
1111}
1112
1113our %maintained_status = ();
1114
1115sub is_maintained_obsolete {
1116	my ($filename) = @_;
1117
1118	return 0 if (!$tree || !(-e "$root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl"));
1119
1120	if (!exists($maintained_status{$filename})) {
1121		$maintained_status{$filename} = `perl $root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl --status --nom --nol --nogit --nogit-fallback -f $filename 2>&1`;
1122	}
1123
1124	return $maintained_status{$filename} =~ /obsolete/i;
1125}
1126
1127sub is_SPDX_License_valid {
1128	my ($license) = @_;
1129
1130	return 1 if (!$tree || which("python3") eq "" || !(-x "$root/scripts/spdxcheck.py") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1131
1132	my $root_path = abs_path($root);
1133	my $status = `cd "$root_path"; echo "$license" | scripts/spdxcheck.py -`;
1134	return 0 if ($status ne "");
1135	return 1;
1136}
1137
1138my $camelcase_seeded = 0;
1139sub seed_camelcase_includes {
1140	return if ($camelcase_seeded);
1141
1142	my $files;
1143	my $camelcase_cache = "";
1144	my @include_files = ();
1145
1146	$camelcase_seeded = 1;
1147
1148	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1149		my $git_last_include_commit = `${git_command} log --no-merges --pretty=format:"%h%n" -1 -- include`;
1150		chomp $git_last_include_commit;
1151		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.git.$git_last_include_commit";
1152	} else {
1153		my $last_mod_date = 0;
1154		$files = `find $root/include -name "*.h"`;
1155		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1156		foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1157			my $date = POSIX::strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M",
1158						   localtime((stat $file)[9]));
1159			$last_mod_date = $date if ($last_mod_date < $date);
1160		}
1161		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.date.$last_mod_date";
1162	}
1163
1164	if ($camelcase_cache ne "" && -f $camelcase_cache) {
1165		open(my $camelcase_file, '<', "$camelcase_cache")
1166		    or warn "$P: Can't read '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1167		while (<$camelcase_file>) {
1168			chomp;
1169			$camelcase{$_} = 1;
1170		}
1171		close($camelcase_file);
1172
1173		return;
1174	}
1175
1176	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1177		$files = `${git_command} ls-files "include/*.h"`;
1178		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1179	}
1180
1181	foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1182		seed_camelcase_file($file);
1183	}
1184
1185	if ($camelcase_cache ne "") {
1186		unlink glob ".checkpatch-camelcase.*";
1187		open(my $camelcase_file, '>', "$camelcase_cache")
1188		    or warn "$P: Can't write '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1189		foreach (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys(%camelcase)) {
1190			print $camelcase_file ("$_\n");
1191		}
1192		close($camelcase_file);
1193	}
1194}
1195
1196sub git_is_single_file {
1197	my ($filename) = @_;
1198
1199	return 0 if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1200
1201	my $output = `${git_command} ls-files -- $filename 2>/dev/null`;
1202	my $count = $output =~ tr/\n//;
1203	return $count eq 1 && $output =~ m{^${filename}$};
1204}
1205
1206sub git_commit_info {
1207	my ($commit, $id, $desc) = @_;
1208
1209	return ($id, $desc) if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1210
1211	my $output = `${git_command} log --no-color --format='%H %s' -1 $commit 2>&1`;
1212	$output =~ s/^\s*//gm;
1213	my @lines = split("\n", $output);
1214
1215	return ($id, $desc) if ($#lines < 0);
1216
1217	if ($lines[0] =~ /^error: short SHA1 $commit is ambiguous/) {
1218# Maybe one day convert this block of bash into something that returns
1219# all matching commit ids, but it's very slow...
1220#
1221#		echo "checking commits $1..."
1222#		git rev-list --remotes | grep -i "^$1" |
1223#		while read line ; do
1224#		    git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line |
1225#		    echo "commit $(cut -c 1-12,41-)"
1226#		done
1227	} elsif ($lines[0] =~ /^fatal: ambiguous argument '$commit': unknown revision or path not in the working tree\./ ||
1228		 $lines[0] =~ /^fatal: bad object $commit/) {
1229		$id = undef;
1230	} else {
1231		$id = substr($lines[0], 0, 12);
1232		$desc = substr($lines[0], 41);
1233	}
1234
1235	return ($id, $desc);
1236}
1237
1238$chk_signoff = 0 if ($file);
 
1239
1240my @rawlines = ();
1241my @lines = ();
1242my @fixed = ();
1243my @fixed_inserted = ();
1244my @fixed_deleted = ();
1245my $fixlinenr = -1;
1246
1247# If input is git commits, extract all commits from the commit expressions.
1248# For example, HEAD-3 means we need check 'HEAD, HEAD~1, HEAD~2'.
1249die "$P: No git repository found\n" if ($git && !-e "$gitroot");
1250
1251if ($git) {
1252	my @commits = ();
1253	foreach my $commit_expr (@ARGV) {
1254		my $git_range;
1255		if ($commit_expr =~ m/^(.*)-(\d+)$/) {
1256			$git_range = "-$2 $1";
1257		} elsif ($commit_expr =~ m/\.\./) {
1258			$git_range = "$commit_expr";
1259		} else {
1260			$git_range = "-1 $commit_expr";
1261		}
1262		my $lines = `${git_command} log --no-color --no-merges --pretty=format:'%H %s' $git_range`;
1263		foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) {
1264			$line =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]{40,40}) (.*)$/;
1265			next if (!defined($1) || !defined($2));
1266			my $sha1 = $1;
1267			my $subject = $2;
1268			unshift(@commits, $sha1);
1269			$git_commits{$sha1} = $subject;
1270		}
1271	}
1272	die "$P: no git commits after extraction!\n" if (@commits == 0);
1273	@ARGV = @commits;
1274}
1275
1276my $vname;
1277$allow_c99_comments = !defined $ignore_type{"C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE"};
1278for my $filename (@ARGV) {
1279	my $FILE;
1280	my $is_git_file = git_is_single_file($filename);
1281	my $oldfile = $file;
1282	$file = 1 if ($is_git_file);
1283	if ($git) {
1284		open($FILE, '-|', "git format-patch -M --stdout -1 $filename") ||
1285			die "$P: $filename: git format-patch failed - $!\n";
1286	} elsif ($file) {
1287		open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") ||
1288			die "$P: $filename: diff failed - $!\n";
1289	} elsif ($filename eq '-') {
1290		open($FILE, '<&STDIN');
1291	} else {
1292		open($FILE, '<', "$filename") ||
1293			die "$P: $filename: open failed - $!\n";
1294	}
1295	if ($filename eq '-') {
1296		$vname = 'Your patch';
1297	} elsif ($git) {
1298		$vname = "Commit " . substr($filename, 0, 12) . ' ("' . $git_commits{$filename} . '")';
1299	} else {
1300		$vname = $filename;
1301	}
1302	while (<$FILE>) {
1303		chomp;
1304		push(@rawlines, $_);
1305		$vname = qq("$1") if ($filename eq '-' && $_ =~ m/^Subject:\s+(.+)/i);
1306	}
1307	close($FILE);
1308
1309	if ($#ARGV > 0 && $quiet == 0) {
1310		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1311		print "$vname\n";
1312		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1313	}
1314
1315	if (!process($filename)) {
1316		$exit = 1;
1317	}
1318	@rawlines = ();
1319	@lines = ();
1320	@fixed = ();
1321	@fixed_inserted = ();
1322	@fixed_deleted = ();
1323	$fixlinenr = -1;
1324	@modifierListFile = ();
1325	@typeListFile = ();
1326	build_types();
1327	$file = $oldfile if ($is_git_file);
1328}
1329
1330if (!$quiet) {
1331	hash_show_words(\%use_type, "Used");
1332	hash_show_words(\%ignore_type, "Ignored");
1333
1334	if (!$perl_version_ok) {
1335		print << "EOM"
1336
1337NOTE: perl $^V is not modern enough to detect all possible issues.
1338      An upgrade to at least perl $minimum_perl_version is suggested.
1339EOM
1340	}
1341	if ($exit) {
1342		print << "EOM"
1343
1344NOTE: If any of the errors are false positives, please report
1345      them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS.
1346EOM
1347	}
1348}
1349
1350exit($exit);
1351
1352sub top_of_kernel_tree {
1353	my ($root) = @_;
1354
1355	my @tree_check = (
1356		"COPYING", "CREDITS", "Kbuild", "MAINTAINERS", "Makefile",
1357		"README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers",
1358		"fs", "init", "ipc", "kernel", "lib", "scripts",
1359	);
1360
1361	foreach my $check (@tree_check) {
1362		if (! -e $root . '/' . $check) {
1363			return 0;
1364		}
1365	}
1366	return 1;
1367}
1368
1369sub parse_email {
1370	my ($formatted_email) = @_;
1371
1372	my $name = "";
1373	my $quoted = "";
1374	my $name_comment = "";
1375	my $address = "";
1376	my $comment = "";
1377
1378	if ($formatted_email =~ /^(.*)<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1379		$name = $1;
1380		$address = $2;
1381		$comment = $3 if defined $3;
1382	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^\s*<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1383		$address = $1;
1384		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1385	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /(\S+\@\S+)(.*)$/) {
1386		$address = $1;
1387		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1388		$formatted_email =~ s/\Q$address\E.*$//;
1389		$name = $formatted_email;
1390		$name = trim($name);
1391		$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
1392		# If there's a name left after stripping spaces and
1393		# leading quotes, and the address doesn't have both
1394		# leading and trailing angle brackets, the address
1395		# is invalid. ie:
1396		#   "joe smith joe@smith.com" bad
1397		#   "joe smith <joe@smith.com" bad
1398		if ($name ne "" && $address !~ /^<[^>]+>$/) {
1399			$name = "";
1400			$address = "";
1401			$comment = "";
1402		}
1403	}
1404
1405	# Extract comments from names excluding quoted parts
1406	# "John D. (Doe)" - Do not extract
1407	if ($name =~ s/\"(.+)\"//) {
1408		$quoted = $1;
1409	}
1410	while ($name =~ s/\s*($balanced_parens)\s*/ /) {
1411		$name_comment .= trim($1);
1412	}
1413	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1414	$name = trim("$quoted $name");
1415
1416	$address = trim($address);
1417	$address =~ s/^\<|\>$//g;
1418	$comment = trim($comment);
1419
1420	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1421		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1422		$name = "\"$name\"";
1423	}
1424
1425	return ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment);
1426}
1427
1428sub format_email {
1429	my ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment) = @_;
1430
1431	my $formatted_email;
1432
1433	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1434	$address = trim($address);
1435	$address =~ s/(?:\.|\,|\")+$//; ##trailing commas, dots or quotes
1436
1437	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1438		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1439		$name = "\"$name\"";
1440	}
1441
1442	$name_comment = trim($name_comment);
1443	$name_comment = " $name_comment" if ($name_comment ne "");
1444	$comment = trim($comment);
1445	$comment = " $comment" if ($comment ne "");
1446
1447	if ("$name" eq "") {
1448		$formatted_email = "$address";
1449	} else {
1450		$formatted_email = "$name$name_comment <$address>";
1451	}
1452	$formatted_email .= "$comment";
1453	return $formatted_email;
1454}
1455
1456sub reformat_email {
1457	my ($email) = @_;
1458
1459	my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
1460	return format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment);
1461}
1462
1463sub same_email_addresses {
1464	my ($email1, $email2) = @_;
1465
1466	my ($email1_name, $name1_comment, $email1_address, $comment1) = parse_email($email1);
1467	my ($email2_name, $name2_comment, $email2_address, $comment2) = parse_email($email2);
1468
1469	return $email1_name eq $email2_name &&
1470	       $email1_address eq $email2_address &&
1471	       $name1_comment eq $name2_comment &&
1472	       $comment1 eq $comment2;
1473}
1474
1475sub which {
1476	my ($bin) = @_;
1477
1478	foreach my $path (split(/:/, $ENV{PATH})) {
1479		if (-e "$path/$bin") {
1480			return "$path/$bin";
1481		}
1482	}
1483
1484	return "";
1485}
1486
1487sub which_conf {
1488	my ($conf) = @_;
1489
1490	foreach my $path (split(/:/, ".:$ENV{HOME}:.scripts")) {
1491		if (-e "$path/$conf") {
1492			return "$path/$conf";
1493		}
1494	}
1495
1496	return "";
1497}
1498
1499sub expand_tabs {
1500	my ($str) = @_;
1501
1502	my $res = '';
1503	my $n = 0;
1504	for my $c (split(//, $str)) {
1505		if ($c eq "\t") {
1506			$res .= ' ';
1507			$n++;
1508			for (; ($n % $tabsize) != 0; $n++) {
1509				$res .= ' ';
1510			}
1511			next;
1512		}
1513		$res .= $c;
1514		$n++;
1515	}
1516
1517	return $res;
1518}
1519sub copy_spacing {
1520	(my $res = shift) =~ tr/\t/ /c;
1521	return $res;
1522}
1523
1524sub line_stats {
1525	my ($line) = @_;
1526
1527	# Drop the diff line leader and expand tabs
1528	$line =~ s/^.//;
1529	$line = expand_tabs($line);
1530
1531	# Pick the indent from the front of the line.
1532	my ($white) = ($line =~ /^(\s*)/);
1533
1534	return (length($line), length($white));
1535}
1536
1537my $sanitise_quote = '';
1538
1539sub sanitise_line_reset {
1540	my ($in_comment) = @_;
1541
1542	if ($in_comment) {
1543		$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1544	} else {
1545		$sanitise_quote = '';
1546	}
1547}
1548sub sanitise_line {
1549	my ($line) = @_;
1550
1551	my $res = '';
1552	my $l = '';
1553
1554	my $qlen = 0;
1555	my $off = 0;
1556	my $c;
1557
1558	# Always copy over the diff marker.
1559	$res = substr($line, 0, 1);
1560
1561	for ($off = 1; $off < length($line); $off++) {
1562		$c = substr($line, $off, 1);
1563
1564		# Comments we are whacking completely including the begin
1565		# and end, all to $;.
1566		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '/*') {
1567			$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1568
1569			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1570			$off++;
1571			next;
1572		}
1573		if ($sanitise_quote eq '*/' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '*/') {
1574			$sanitise_quote = '';
1575			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1576			$off++;
1577			next;
1578		}
1579		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '//') {
1580			$sanitise_quote = '//';
1581
1582			substr($res, $off, 2, $sanitise_quote);
1583			$off++;
1584			next;
1585		}
1586
1587		# A \ in a string means ignore the next character.
1588		if (($sanitise_quote eq "'" || $sanitise_quote eq '"') &&
1589		    $c eq "\\") {
1590			substr($res, $off, 2, 'XX');
1591			$off++;
1592			next;
1593		}
1594		# Regular quotes.
1595		if ($c eq "'" || $c eq '"') {
1596			if ($sanitise_quote eq '') {
1597				$sanitise_quote = $c;
1598
1599				substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1600				next;
1601			} elsif ($sanitise_quote eq $c) {
1602				$sanitise_quote = '';
1603			}
1604		}
1605
1606		#print "c<$c> SQ<$sanitise_quote>\n";
1607		if ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '*/' && $c ne "\t") {
1608			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1609		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '//' && $c ne "\t") {
1610			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1611		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote && $c ne "\t") {
1612			substr($res, $off, 1, 'X');
1613		} else {
1614			substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1615		}
1616	}
1617
1618	if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') {
1619		$sanitise_quote = '';
1620	}
1621
1622	# The pathname on a #include may be surrounded by '<' and '>'.
1623	if ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*include\s+\<(.*)\>/) {
1624		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1625		$res =~ s@\<.*\>@<$clean>@;
1626
1627	# The whole of a #error is a string.
1628	} elsif ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+(.*)\b/) {
1629		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1630		$res =~ s@(\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+).*@$1$clean@;
1631	}
1632
1633	if ($allow_c99_comments && $res =~ m@(//.*$)@) {
1634		my $match = $1;
1635		$res =~ s/\Q$match\E/"$;" x length($match)/e;
1636	}
1637
1638	return $res;
1639}
1640
1641sub get_quoted_string {
1642	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
1643
1644	return "" if (!defined($line) || !defined($rawline));
1645	return "" if ($line !~ m/($String)/g);
1646	return substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
1647}
1648
1649sub ctx_statement_block {
1650	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1651	my $line = $linenr - 1;
1652	my $blk = '';
1653	my $soff = $off;
1654	my $coff = $off - 1;
1655	my $coff_set = 0;
1656
1657	my $loff = 0;
1658
1659	my $type = '';
1660	my $level = 0;
1661	my @stack = ();
1662	my $p;
1663	my $c;
1664	my $len = 0;
1665
1666	my $remainder;
1667	while (1) {
1668		@stack = (['', 0]) if ($#stack == -1);
1669
1670		#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> remain<$remain>\n";
1671		# If we are about to drop off the end, pull in more
1672		# context.
1673		if ($off >= $len) {
1674			for (; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1675				last if (!defined $lines[$line]);
1676				next if ($lines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1677				$remain--;
1678				$loff = $len;
1679				$blk .= $lines[$line] . "\n";
1680				$len = length($blk);
1681				$line++;
1682				last;
1683			}
1684			# Bail if there is no further context.
1685			#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> off<$off> len<$len>\n";
1686			if ($off >= $len) {
1687				last;
1688			}
1689			if ($level == 0 && substr($blk, $off) =~ /^.\s*#\s*define/) {
1690				$level++;
1691				$type = '#';
1692			}
1693		}
1694		$p = $c;
1695		$c = substr($blk, $off, 1);
1696		$remainder = substr($blk, $off);
1697
1698		#warn "CSB: c<$c> type<$type> level<$level> remainder<$remainder> coff_set<$coff_set>\n";
1699
1700		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1701		if ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1702			push(@stack, [ $type, $level ]);
1703		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1704			($type, $level) = @{$stack[$#stack - 1]};
1705		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*endif\b/) {
1706			($type, $level) = @{pop(@stack)};
1707		}
1708
1709		# Statement ends at the ';' or a close '}' at the
1710		# outermost level.
1711		if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') {
1712			last;
1713		}
1714
1715		# An else is really a conditional as long as its not else if
1716		if ($level == 0 && $coff_set == 0 &&
1717				(!defined($p) || $p =~ /(?:\s|\}|\+)/) &&
1718				$remainder =~ /^(else)(?:\s|{)/ &&
1719				$remainder !~ /^else\s+if\b/) {
1720			$coff = $off + length($1) - 1;
1721			$coff_set = 1;
1722			#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff> soff<$soff> 1<$1>\n";
1723			#warn "[" . substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1) . "]\n";
1724		}
1725
1726		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '(') && $c eq '(') {
1727			$level++;
1728			$type = '(';
1729		}
1730		if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') {
1731			$level--;
1732			$type = ($level != 0)? '(' : '';
1733
1734			if ($level == 0 && $coff < $soff) {
1735				$coff = $off;
1736				$coff_set = 1;
1737				#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff>\n";
1738			}
1739		}
1740		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '{') && $c eq '{') {
1741			$level++;
1742			$type = '{';
1743		}
1744		if ($type eq '{' && $c eq '}') {
1745			$level--;
1746			$type = ($level != 0)? '{' : '';
1747
1748			if ($level == 0) {
1749				if (substr($blk, $off + 1, 1) eq ';') {
1750					$off++;
1751				}
1752				last;
1753			}
1754		}
1755		# Preprocessor commands end at the newline unless escaped.
1756		if ($type eq '#' && $c eq "\n" && $p ne "\\") {
1757			$level--;
1758			$type = '';
1759			$off++;
1760			last;
1761		}
1762		$off++;
1763	}
1764	# We are truly at the end, so shuffle to the next line.
1765	if ($off == $len) {
1766		$loff = $len + 1;
1767		$line++;
1768		$remain--;
1769	}
1770
1771	my $statement = substr($blk, $soff, $off - $soff + 1);
1772	my $condition = substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1);
1773
1774	#warn "STATEMENT<$statement>\n";
1775	#warn "CONDITION<$condition>\n";
1776
1777	#print "coff<$coff> soff<$off> loff<$loff>\n";
1778
1779	return ($statement, $condition,
1780			$line, $remain + 1, $off - $loff + 1, $level);
1781}
1782
1783sub statement_lines {
1784	my ($stmt) = @_;
1785
1786	# Strip the diff line prefixes and rip blank lines at start and end.
1787	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1788	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1789	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1790
1791	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1792
1793	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1794}
1795
1796sub statement_rawlines {
1797	my ($stmt) = @_;
1798
1799	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1800
1801	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1802}
1803
1804sub statement_block_size {
1805	my ($stmt) = @_;
1806
1807	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1808	$stmt =~ s/^\s*{//;
1809	$stmt =~ s/}\s*$//;
1810	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1811	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1812
1813	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1814	my @stmt_statements = ($stmt =~ /;/g);
1815
1816	my $stmt_lines = $#stmt_lines + 2;
1817	my $stmt_statements = $#stmt_statements + 1;
1818
1819	if ($stmt_lines > $stmt_statements) {
1820		return $stmt_lines;
1821	} else {
1822		return $stmt_statements;
1823	}
1824}
1825
1826sub ctx_statement_full {
1827	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1828	my ($statement, $condition, $level);
1829
1830	my (@chunks);
1831
1832	# Grab the first conditional/block pair.
1833	($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1834				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1835	#print "F: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1836	push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1837	if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^\s*(?:\n[+-])?\s*(?:if|else|do)\b/s)) {
1838		return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1839	}
1840
1841	# Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they
1842	# could continue the statement.
1843	for (;;) {
1844		($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1845				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1846		#print "C: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1847		last if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^(?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*(?:else|do)\b/s));
1848		#print "C: push\n";
1849		push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1850	}
1851
1852	return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1853}
1854
1855sub ctx_block_get {
1856	my ($linenr, $remain, $outer, $open, $close, $off) = @_;
1857	my $line;
1858	my $start = $linenr - 1;
1859	my $blk = '';
1860	my @o;
1861	my @c;
1862	my @res = ();
1863
1864	my $level = 0;
1865	my @stack = ($level);
1866	for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1867		next if ($rawlines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1868		$remain--;
1869
1870		$blk .= $rawlines[$line];
1871
1872		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1873		if ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1874			push(@stack, $level);
1875		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1876			$level = $stack[$#stack - 1];
1877		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*endif\b/) {
1878			$level = pop(@stack);
1879		}
1880
1881		foreach my $c (split(//, $lines[$line])) {
1882			##print "C<$c>L<$level><$open$close>O<$off>\n";
1883			if ($off > 0) {
1884				$off--;
1885				next;
1886			}
1887
1888			if ($c eq $close && $level > 0) {
1889				$level--;
1890				last if ($level == 0);
1891			} elsif ($c eq $open) {
1892				$level++;
1893			}
1894		}
1895
1896		if (!$outer || $level <= 1) {
1897			push(@res, $rawlines[$line]);
1898		}
1899
1900		last if ($level == 0);
1901	}
1902
1903	return ($level, @res);
1904}
1905sub ctx_block_outer {
1906	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1907
1908	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 1, '{', '}', 0);
1909	return @r;
1910}
1911sub ctx_block {
1912	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1913
1914	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1915	return @r;
1916}
1917sub ctx_statement {
1918	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1919
1920	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1921	return @r;
1922}
1923sub ctx_block_level {
1924	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1925
1926	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1927}
1928sub ctx_statement_level {
1929	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1930
1931	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1932}
1933
1934sub ctx_locate_comment {
1935	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
1936
1937	# If c99 comment on the current line, or the line before or after
1938	my ($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@^\+.*(//.*$)@);
1939	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1940	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 2] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1941	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1942	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1943	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1944
1945	# Catch a comment on the end of the line itself.
1946	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@.*(/\*.*\*/)\s*(?:\\\s*)?$@);
1947	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1948
1949	# Look through the context and try and figure out if there is a
1950	# comment.
1951	my $in_comment = 0;
1952	$current_comment = '';
1953	for (my $linenr = $first_line; $linenr < $end_line; $linenr++) {
1954		my $line = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
1955		#warn "           $line\n";
1956		if ($linenr == $first_line and $line =~ m@^.\s*\*@) {
1957			$in_comment = 1;
1958		}
1959		if ($line =~ m@/\*@) {
1960			$in_comment = 1;
1961		}
1962		if (!$in_comment && $current_comment ne '') {
1963			$current_comment = '';
1964		}
1965		$current_comment .= $line . "\n" if ($in_comment);
1966		if ($line =~ m@\*/@) {
1967			$in_comment = 0;
1968		}
1969	}
1970
1971	chomp($current_comment);
1972	return($current_comment);
1973}
1974sub ctx_has_comment {
1975	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
1976	my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line);
1977
1978	##print "LINE: $rawlines[$end_line - 1 ]\n";
1979	##print "CMMT: $cmt\n";
1980
1981	return ($cmt ne '');
1982}
1983
1984sub raw_line {
1985	my ($linenr, $cnt) = @_;
1986
1987	my $offset = $linenr - 1;
1988	$cnt++;
1989
1990	my $line;
1991	while ($cnt) {
1992		$line = $rawlines[$offset++];
1993		next if (defined($line) && $line =~ /^-/);
1994		$cnt--;
1995	}
1996
1997	return $line;
1998}
1999
2000sub get_stat_real {
2001	my ($linenr, $lc) = @_;
2002
2003	my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, 0);
2004	for (my $count = $linenr + 1; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
2005		$stat_real = $stat_real . "\n" . raw_line($count, 0);
2006	}
2007
2008	return $stat_real;
2009}
2010
2011sub get_stat_here {
2012	my ($linenr, $cnt, $here) = @_;
2013
2014	my $herectx = $here . "\n";
2015	for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
2016		$herectx .= raw_line($linenr, $n) . "\n";
2017	}
2018
2019	return $herectx;
2020}
2021
2022sub cat_vet {
2023	my ($vet) = @_;
2024	my ($res, $coded);
2025
2026	$res = '';
2027	while ($vet =~ /([^[:cntrl:]]*)([[:cntrl:]]|$)/g) {
2028		$res .= $1;
2029		if ($2 ne '') {
2030			$coded = sprintf("^%c", unpack('C', $2) + 64);
2031			$res .= $coded;
2032		}
2033	}
2034	$res =~ s/$/\$/;
2035
2036	return $res;
2037}
2038
2039my $av_preprocessor = 0;
2040my $av_pending;
2041my @av_paren_type;
2042my $av_pend_colon;
2043
2044sub annotate_reset {
2045	$av_preprocessor = 0;
2046	$av_pending = '_';
2047	@av_paren_type = ('E');
2048	$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2049}
2050
2051sub annotate_values {
2052	my ($stream, $type) = @_;
2053
2054	my $res;
2055	my $var = '_' x length($stream);
2056	my $cur = $stream;
2057
2058	print "$stream\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2059
2060	while (length($cur)) {
2061		@av_paren_type = ('E') if ($#av_paren_type < 0);
2062		print " <" . join('', @av_paren_type) .
2063				"> <$type> <$av_pending>" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2064		if ($cur =~ /^(\s+)/o) {
2065			print "WS($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2066			if ($1 =~ /\n/ && $av_preprocessor) {
2067				$type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2068				$av_preprocessor = 0;
2069			}
2070
2071		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\(\s*$Type\s*)\)/ && $av_pending eq '_') {
2072			print "CAST($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2073			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2074			$type = 'c';
2075
2076		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Type)\s*(?:$Ident|,|\)|\(|\s*$)/) {
2077			print "DECLARE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2078			$type = 'T';
2079
2080		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Modifier)\s*/) {
2081			print "MODIFIER($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2082			$type = 'T';
2083
2084		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*define\s*$Ident)(\(?)/o) {
2085			print "DEFINE($1,$2)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2086			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2087			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2088			if ($2 ne '') {
2089				$av_pending = 'N';
2090			}
2091			$type = 'E';
2092
2093		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:undef\s*$Ident|include\b))/o) {
2094			print "UNDEF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2095			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2096			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2097
2098		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:ifdef|ifndef|if))/o) {
2099			print "PRE_START($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2100			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2101
2102			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2103			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2104			$type = 'E';
2105
2106		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:else|elif))/o) {
2107			print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2108			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2109
2110			push(@av_paren_type, $av_paren_type[$#av_paren_type]);
2111
2112			$type = 'E';
2113
2114		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:endif))/o) {
2115			print "PRE_END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2116
2117			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2118
2119			# Assume all arms of the conditional end as this
2120			# one does, and continue as if the #endif was not here.
2121			pop(@av_paren_type);
2122			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2123			$type = 'E';
2124
2125		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\\\n)/o) {
2126			print "PRECONT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2127
2128		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(__attribute__)\s*\(?/o) {
2129			print "ATTR($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2130			$av_pending = $type;
2131			$type = 'N';
2132
2133		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(sizeof)\s*(\()?/o) {
2134			print "SIZEOF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2135			if (defined $2) {
2136				$av_pending = 'V';
2137			}
2138			$type = 'N';
2139
2140		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(if|while|for)\b/o) {
2141			print "COND($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2142			$av_pending = 'E';
2143			$type = 'N';
2144
2145		} elsif ($cur =~/^(case)/o) {
2146			print "CASE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2147			$av_pend_colon = 'C';
2148			$type = 'N';
2149
2150		} elsif ($cur =~/^(return|else|goto|typeof|__typeof__)\b/o) {
2151			print "KEYWORD($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2152			$type = 'N';
2153
2154		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) {
2155			print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2156			push(@av_paren_type, $av_pending);
2157			$av_pending = '_';
2158			$type = 'N';
2159
2160		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\))/o) {
2161			my $new_type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2162			if ($new_type ne '_') {
2163				$type = $new_type;
2164				print "PAREN('$1') -> $type\n"
2165							if ($dbg_values > 1);
2166			} else {
2167				print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2168			}
2169
2170		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident)\s*\(/o) {
2171			print "FUNC($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2172			$type = 'V';
2173			$av_pending = 'V';
2174
2175		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident\s*):(?:\s*\d+\s*(,|=|;))?/) {
2176			if (defined $2 && $type eq 'C' || $type eq 'T') {
2177				$av_pend_colon = 'B';
2178			} elsif ($type eq 'E') {
2179				$av_pend_colon = 'L';
2180			}
2181			print "IDENT_COLON($1,$type>$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2182			$type = 'V';
2183
2184		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident|$Constant)/o) {
2185			print "IDENT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2186			$type = 'V';
2187
2188		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) {
2189			print "ASSIGN($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2190			$type = 'N';
2191
2192		} elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) {
2193			print "END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2194			$type = 'E';
2195			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2196
2197		} elsif ($cur =~/^(,)/) {
2198			print "COMMA($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2199			$type = 'C';
2200
2201		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\?)/o) {
2202			print "QUESTION($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2203			$type = 'N';
2204
2205		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(:)/o) {
2206			print "COLON($1,$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2207
2208			substr($var, length($res), 1, $av_pend_colon);
2209			if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') {
2210				$type = 'E';
2211			} else {
2212				$type = 'N';
2213			}
2214			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2215
2216		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\[)/o) {
2217			print "CLOSE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2218			$type = 'N';
2219
2220		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(-(?![->])|\+(?!\+)|\*|\&\&|\&)/o) {
2221			my $variant;
2222
2223			print "OPV($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2224			if ($type eq 'V') {
2225				$variant = 'B';
2226			} else {
2227				$variant = 'U';
2228			}
2229
2230			substr($var, length($res), 1, $variant);
2231			$type = 'N';
2232
2233		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Operators)/o) {
2234			print "OP($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2235			if ($1 ne '++' && $1 ne '--') {
2236				$type = 'N';
2237			}
2238
2239		} elsif ($cur =~ /(^.)/o) {
2240			print "C($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2241		}
2242		if (defined $1) {
2243			$cur = substr($cur, length($1));
2244			$res .= $type x length($1);
2245		}
2246	}
2247
2248	return ($res, $var);
2249}
2250
2251sub possible {
2252	my ($possible, $line) = @_;
2253	my $notPermitted = qr{(?:
2254		^(?:
2255			$Modifier|
2256			$Storage|
2257			$Type|
2258			DEFINE_\S+
2259		)$|
2260		^(?:
2261			goto|
2262			return|
2263			case|
2264			else|
2265			asm|__asm__|
2266			do|
2267			\#|
2268			\#\#|
2269		)(?:\s|$)|
2270		^(?:typedef|struct|enum)\b
2271	    )}x;
2272	warn "CHECK<$possible> ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 2);
2273	if ($possible !~ $notPermitted) {
2274		# Check for modifiers.
2275		$possible =~ s/\s*$Storage\s*//g;
2276		$possible =~ s/\s*$Sparse\s*//g;
2277		if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) {
2278
2279		} elsif ($possible =~ /\s/) {
2280			$possible =~ s/\s*$Type\s*//g;
2281			for my $modifier (split(' ', $possible)) {
2282				if ($modifier !~ $notPermitted) {
2283					warn "MODIFIER: $modifier ($possible) ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2284					push(@modifierListFile, $modifier);
2285				}
2286			}
2287
2288		} else {
2289			warn "POSSIBLE: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2290			push(@typeListFile, $possible);
2291		}
2292		build_types();
2293	} else {
2294		warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1);
2295	}
2296}
2297
2298my $prefix = '';
2299
2300sub show_type {
2301	my ($type) = @_;
2302
2303	$type =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
2304
2305	return defined $use_type{$type} if (scalar keys %use_type > 0);
2306
2307	return !defined $ignore_type{$type};
2308}
2309
2310sub report {
2311	my ($level, $type, $msg) = @_;
2312
2313	if (!show_type($type) ||
2314	    (defined $tst_only && $msg !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/)) {
2315		return 0;
2316	}
2317	my $output = '';
2318	if ($color) {
2319		if ($level eq 'ERROR') {
2320			$output .= RED;
2321		} elsif ($level eq 'WARNING') {
2322			$output .= YELLOW;
2323		} else {
2324			$output .= GREEN;
2325		}
2326	}
2327	$output .= $prefix . $level . ':';
2328	if ($show_types) {
2329		$output .= BLUE if ($color);
2330		$output .= "$type:";
2331	}
2332	$output .= RESET if ($color);
2333	$output .= ' ' . $msg . "\n";
2334
2335	if ($showfile) {
2336		my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1);
2337		splice(@lines, 1, 1);
2338		$output = join("\n", @lines);
2339	}
2340
2341	if ($terse) {
2342		$output = (split('\n', $output))[0] . "\n";
2343	}
2344
2345	if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$type}) &&
2346	    !exists($verbose_emitted{$type})) {
2347		$output .= $verbose_messages{$type} . "\n\n";
2348		$verbose_emitted{$type} = 1;
2349	}
2350
2351	push(our @report, $output);
2352
2353	return 1;
2354}
2355
2356sub report_dump {
2357	our @report;
2358}
2359
2360sub fixup_current_range {
2361	my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_;
2362
2363	if ($$lineRef =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+(\d+),(\d+) \@\@/) {
2364		my $o = $1;
2365		my $l = $2;
2366		my $no = $o + $offset;
2367		my $nl = $l + $length;
2368		$$lineRef =~ s/\+$o,$l \@\@/\+$no,$nl \@\@/;
2369	}
2370}
2371
2372sub fix_inserted_deleted_lines {
2373	my ($linesRef, $insertedRef, $deletedRef) = @_;
2374
2375	my $range_last_linenr = 0;
2376	my $delta_offset = 0;
2377
2378	my $old_linenr = 0;
2379	my $new_linenr = 0;
2380
2381	my $next_insert = 0;
2382	my $next_delete = 0;
2383
2384	my @lines = ();
2385
2386	my $inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2387	my $deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2388
2389	foreach my $old_line (@{$linesRef}) {
2390		my $save_line = 1;
2391		my $line = $old_line;	#don't modify the array
2392		if ($line =~ /^(?:\+\+\+|\-\-\-)\s+\S+/) {	#new filename
2393			$delta_offset = 0;
2394		} elsif ($line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/) {	#new hunk
2395			$range_last_linenr = $new_linenr;
2396			fixup_current_range(\$line, $delta_offset, 0);
2397		}
2398
2399		while (defined($deleted) && ${$deleted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2400			$deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2401			$save_line = 0;
2402			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset--, -1);
2403		}
2404
2405		while (defined($inserted) && ${$inserted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2406			push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'});
2407			$inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2408			$new_linenr++;
2409			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1);
2410		}
2411
2412		if ($save_line) {
2413			push(@lines, $line);
2414			$new_linenr++;
2415		}
2416
2417		$old_linenr++;
2418	}
2419
2420	return @lines;
2421}
2422
2423sub fix_insert_line {
2424	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2425
2426	my $inserted = {
2427		LINENR => $linenr,
2428		LINE => $line,
2429	};
2430	push(@fixed_inserted, $inserted);
2431}
2432
2433sub fix_delete_line {
2434	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2435
2436	my $deleted = {
2437		LINENR => $linenr,
2438		LINE => $line,
2439	};
2440
2441	push(@fixed_deleted, $deleted);
2442}
2443
2444sub ERROR {
2445	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2446
2447	if (report("ERROR", $type, $msg)) {
2448		our $clean = 0;
2449		our $cnt_error++;
2450		return 1;
2451	}
2452	return 0;
2453}
2454sub WARN {
2455	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2456
2457	if (report("WARNING", $type, $msg)) {
2458		our $clean = 0;
2459		our $cnt_warn++;
2460		return 1;
2461	}
2462	return 0;
2463}
2464sub CHK {
2465	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2466
2467	if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) {
2468		our $clean = 0;
2469		our $cnt_chk++;
2470		return 1;
2471	}
2472	return 0;
2473}
2474
2475sub check_absolute_file {
2476	my ($absolute, $herecurr) = @_;
2477	my $file = $absolute;
2478
2479	##print "absolute<$absolute>\n";
2480
2481	# See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree.
2482	while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) {
2483		if (-f "$root/$file") {
2484			##print "file<$file>\n";
2485			last;
2486		}
2487	}
2488	if (! -f _)  {
2489		return 0;
2490	}
2491
2492	# It is, so see if the prefix is acceptable.
2493	my $prefix = $absolute;
2494	substr($prefix, -length($file)) = '';
2495
2496	##print "prefix<$prefix>\n";
2497	if ($prefix ne ".../") {
2498		WARN("USE_RELATIVE_PATH",
2499		     "use relative pathname instead of absolute in changelog text\n" . $herecurr);
2500	}
2501}
2502
2503sub trim {
2504	my ($string) = @_;
2505
2506	$string =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
2507
2508	return $string;
2509}
2510
2511sub ltrim {
2512	my ($string) = @_;
2513
2514	$string =~ s/^\s+//;
2515
2516	return $string;
2517}
2518
2519sub rtrim {
2520	my ($string) = @_;
2521
2522	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
2523
2524	return $string;
2525}
2526
2527sub string_find_replace {
2528	my ($string, $find, $replace) = @_;
2529
2530	$string =~ s/$find/$replace/g;
2531
2532	return $string;
2533}
2534
2535sub tabify {
2536	my ($leading) = @_;
2537
2538	my $source_indent = $tabsize;
2539	my $max_spaces_before_tab = $source_indent - 1;
2540	my $spaces_to_tab = " " x $source_indent;
2541
2542	#convert leading spaces to tabs
2543	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)$spaces_to_tab@$1\t@g;
2544	#Remove spaces before a tab
2545	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)( {1,$max_spaces_before_tab})\t@$1\t@g;
2546
2547	return "$leading";
2548}
2549
2550sub pos_last_openparen {
2551	my ($line) = @_;
2552
2553	my $pos = 0;
2554
2555	my $opens = $line =~ tr/\(/\(/;
2556	my $closes = $line =~ tr/\)/\)/;
2557
2558	my $last_openparen = 0;
2559
2560	if (($opens == 0) || ($closes >= $opens)) {
2561		return -1;
2562	}
2563
2564	my $len = length($line);
2565
2566	for ($pos = 0; $pos < $len; $pos++) {
2567		my $string = substr($line, $pos);
2568		if ($string =~ /^($FuncArg|$balanced_parens)/) {
2569			$pos += length($1) - 1;
2570		} elsif (substr($line, $pos, 1) eq '(') {
2571			$last_openparen = $pos;
2572		} elsif (index($string, '(') == -1) {
2573			last;
2574		}
2575	}
2576
2577	return length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 0, $last_openparen))) + 1;
2578}
2579
2580sub get_raw_comment {
2581	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
2582	my $comment = '';
2583
2584	for my $i (0 .. (length($line) - 1)) {
2585		if (substr($line, $i, 1) eq "$;") {
2586			$comment .= substr($rawline, $i, 1);
2587		}
2588	}
2589
2590	return $comment;
2591}
2592
2593sub exclude_global_initialisers {
2594	my ($realfile) = @_;
2595
2596	# Do not check for BPF programs (tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/*.c, samples/bpf/*_kern.c, *.bpf.c).
2597	return $realfile =~ m@^tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/.*\.c$@ ||
2598		$realfile =~ m@^samples/bpf/.*_kern\.c$@ ||
2599		$realfile =~ m@/bpf/.*\.bpf\.c$@;
2600}
2601
2602sub process {
2603	my $filename = shift;
2604
2605	my $linenr=0;
2606	my $prevline="";
2607	my $prevrawline="";
2608	my $stashline="";
2609	my $stashrawline="";
2610
2611	my $length;
2612	my $indent;
2613	my $previndent=0;
2614	my $stashindent=0;
2615
2616	our $clean = 1;
2617	my $signoff = 0;
 
 
 
2618	my $author = '';
2619	my $authorsignoff = 0;
2620	my $author_sob = '';
2621	my $is_patch = 0;
2622	my $is_binding_patch = -1;
2623	my $in_header_lines = $file ? 0 : 1;
2624	my $in_commit_log = 0;		#Scanning lines before patch
2625	my $has_patch_separator = 0;	#Found a --- line
2626	my $has_commit_log = 0;		#Encountered lines before patch
2627	my $commit_log_lines = 0;	#Number of commit log lines
2628	my $commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
2629	my $commit_log_long_line = 0;
2630	my $commit_log_has_diff = 0;
2631	my $reported_maintainer_file = 0;
2632	my $non_utf8_charset = 0;
2633
2634	my $last_git_commit_id_linenr = -1;
2635
2636	my $last_blank_line = 0;
2637	my $last_coalesced_string_linenr = -1;
2638
2639	our @report = ();
2640	our $cnt_lines = 0;
2641	our $cnt_error = 0;
2642	our $cnt_warn = 0;
2643	our $cnt_chk = 0;
2644
2645	# Trace the real file/line as we go.
2646	my $realfile = '';
2647	my $realline = 0;
2648	my $realcnt = 0;
2649	my $here = '';
2650	my $context_function;		#undef'd unless there's a known function
2651	my $in_comment = 0;
2652	my $comment_edge = 0;
2653	my $first_line = 0;
2654	my $p1_prefix = '';
2655
2656	my $prev_values = 'E';
2657
2658	# suppression flags
2659	my %suppress_ifbraces;
2660	my %suppress_whiletrailers;
2661	my %suppress_export;
2662	my $suppress_statement = 0;
2663
2664	my %signatures = ();
2665
2666	# Pre-scan the patch sanitizing the lines.
2667	# Pre-scan the patch looking for any __setup documentation.
2668	#
2669	my @setup_docs = ();
2670	my $setup_docs = 0;
2671
2672	my $camelcase_file_seeded = 0;
2673
2674	my $checklicenseline = 1;
2675
2676	sanitise_line_reset();
2677	my $line;
2678	foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) {
2679		$linenr++;
2680		$line = $rawline;
2681
2682		push(@fixed, $rawline) if ($fix);
2683
2684		if ($rawline=~/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2685			$setup_docs = 0;
2686			if ($1 =~ m@Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt$@) {
2687				$setup_docs = 1;
2688			}
2689			#next;
2690		}
2691		if ($rawline =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@/) {
2692			$realline=$1-1;
2693			if (defined $2) {
2694				$realcnt=$3+1;
2695			} else {
2696				$realcnt=1+1;
2697			}
2698			$in_comment = 0;
2699
2700			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  Run
2701			# the context looking for a comment "edge".  If this
2702			# edge is a close comment then we must be in a comment
2703			# at context start.
2704			my $edge;
2705			my $cnt = $realcnt;
2706			for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) {
2707				next if (defined $rawlines[$ln - 1] &&
2708					 $rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ /^-/);
2709				$cnt--;
2710				#print "RAW<$rawlines[$ln - 1]>\n";
2711				last if (!defined $rawlines[$ln - 1]);
2712				if ($rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ m@(/\*|\*/)@ &&
2713				    $rawlines[$ln - 1] !~ m@"[^"]*(?:/\*|\*/)[^"]*"@) {
2714					($edge) = $1;
2715					last;
2716				}
2717			}
2718			if (defined $edge && $edge eq '*/') {
2719				$in_comment = 1;
2720			}
2721
2722			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  If this
2723			# is the start of a diff block and this line starts
2724			# ' *' then it is very likely a comment.
2725			if (!defined $edge &&
2726			    $rawlines[$linenr] =~ m@^.\s*(?:\*\*+| \*)(?:\s|$)@)
2727			{
2728				$in_comment = 1;
2729			}
2730
2731			##print "COMMENT:$in_comment edge<$edge> $rawline\n";
2732			sanitise_line_reset($in_comment);
2733
2734		} elsif ($realcnt && $rawline =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/) {
2735			# Standardise the strings and chars within the input to
2736			# simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines.
2737			$line = sanitise_line($rawline);
2738		}
2739		push(@lines, $line);
2740
2741		if ($realcnt > 1) {
2742			$realcnt-- if ($line =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/);
2743		} else {
2744			$realcnt = 0;
2745		}
2746
2747		#print "==>$rawline\n";
2748		#print "-->$line\n";
2749
2750		if ($setup_docs && $line =~ /^\+/) {
2751			push(@setup_docs, $line);
2752		}
2753	}
2754
2755	$prefix = '';
2756
2757	$realcnt = 0;
2758	$linenr = 0;
2759	$fixlinenr = -1;
2760	foreach my $line (@lines) {
2761		$linenr++;
2762		$fixlinenr++;
2763		my $sline = $line;	#copy of $line
2764		$sline =~ s/$;/ /g;	#with comments as spaces
2765
2766		my $rawline = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
2767		my $raw_comment = get_raw_comment($line, $rawline);
2768
2769# check if it's a mode change, rename or start of a patch
2770		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2771		    ($line =~ /^ mode change [0-7]+ => [0-7]+ \S+\s*$/ ||
2772		    ($line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) \S+\s*$/ ||
2773		     $line =~ /^diff --git a\/[\w\/\.\_\-]+ b\/\S+\s*$/))) {
2774			$is_patch = 1;
2775		}
2776
2777#extract the line range in the file after the patch is applied
2778		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2779		    $line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@(.*)/) {
2780			my $context = $4;
2781			$is_patch = 1;
2782			$first_line = $linenr + 1;
2783			$realline=$1-1;
2784			if (defined $2) {
2785				$realcnt=$3+1;
2786			} else {
2787				$realcnt=1+1;
2788			}
2789			annotate_reset();
2790			$prev_values = 'E';
2791
2792			%suppress_ifbraces = ();
2793			%suppress_whiletrailers = ();
2794			%suppress_export = ();
2795			$suppress_statement = 0;
2796			if ($context =~ /\b(\w+)\s*\(/) {
2797				$context_function = $1;
2798			} else {
2799				undef $context_function;
2800			}
2801			next;
2802
2803# track the line number as we move through the hunk, note that
2804# new versions of GNU diff omit the leading space on completely
2805# blank context lines so we need to count that too.
2806		} elsif ($line =~ /^( |\+|$)/) {
2807			$realline++;
2808			$realcnt-- if ($realcnt != 0);
2809
2810			# Measure the line length and indent.
2811			($length, $indent) = line_stats($rawline);
2812
2813			# Track the previous line.
2814			($prevline, $stashline) = ($stashline, $line);
2815			($previndent, $stashindent) = ($stashindent, $indent);
2816			($prevrawline, $stashrawline) = ($stashrawline, $rawline);
2817
2818			#warn "line<$line>\n";
2819
2820		} elsif ($realcnt == 1) {
2821			$realcnt--;
2822		}
2823
2824		my $hunk_line = ($realcnt != 0);
2825
2826		$here = "#$linenr: " if (!$file);
2827		$here = "#$realline: " if ($file);
2828
2829		my $found_file = 0;
2830		# extract the filename as it passes
2831		if ($line =~ /^diff --git.*?(\S+)$/) {
2832			$realfile = $1;
2833			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2834			$in_commit_log = 0;
2835			$found_file = 1;
2836		} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2837			$realfile = $1;
2838			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2839			$in_commit_log = 0;
2840
2841			$p1_prefix = $1;
2842			if (!$file && $tree && $p1_prefix ne '' &&
2843			    -e "$root/$p1_prefix") {
2844				WARN("PATCH_PREFIX",
2845				     "patch prefix '$p1_prefix' exists, appears to be a -p0 patch\n");
2846			}
2847
2848			if ($realfile =~ m@^include/asm/@) {
2849				ERROR("MODIFIED_INCLUDE_ASM",
2850				      "do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
2851			}
2852			$found_file = 1;
2853		}
2854
2855#make up the handle for any error we report on this line
2856		if ($showfile) {
2857			$prefix = "$realfile:$realline: "
2858		} elsif ($emacs) {
2859			if ($file) {
2860				$prefix = "$filename:$realline: ";
2861			} else {
2862				$prefix = "$filename:$linenr: ";
2863			}
2864		}
2865
2866		if ($found_file) {
2867			if (is_maintained_obsolete($realfile)) {
2868				WARN("OBSOLETE",
2869				     "$realfile is marked as 'obsolete' in the MAINTAINERS hierarchy.  No unnecessary modifications please.\n");
2870			}
2871			if ($realfile =~ m@^(?:drivers/net/|net/|drivers/staging/)@) {
2872				$check = 1;
2873			} else {
2874				$check = $check_orig;
2875			}
2876			$checklicenseline = 1;
2877
2878			if ($realfile !~ /^MAINTAINERS/) {
2879				my $last_binding_patch = $is_binding_patch;
2880
2881				$is_binding_patch = () = $realfile =~ m@^(?:Documentation/devicetree/|include/dt-bindings/)@;
2882
2883				if (($last_binding_patch != -1) &&
2884				    ($last_binding_patch ^ $is_binding_patch)) {
2885					WARN("DT_SPLIT_BINDING_PATCH",
2886					     "DT binding docs and includes should be a separate patch. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/submitting-patches.rst\n");
2887				}
2888			}
2889
2890			next;
2891		}
2892
2893		$here .= "FILE: $realfile:$realline:" if ($realcnt != 0);
2894
2895		my $hereline = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2896		my $herecurr = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2897		my $hereprev = "$here\n$prevrawline\n$rawline\n";
2898
2899		$cnt_lines++ if ($realcnt != 0);
2900
2901# Verify the existence of a commit log if appropriate
2902# 2 is used because a $signature is counted in $commit_log_lines
2903		if ($in_commit_log) {
2904			if ($line !~ /^\s*$/) {
2905				$commit_log_lines++;	#could be a $signature
2906			}
2907		} elsif ($has_commit_log && $commit_log_lines < 2) {
2908			WARN("COMMIT_MESSAGE",
2909			     "Missing commit description - Add an appropriate one\n");
2910			$commit_log_lines = 2;	#warn only once
2911		}
2912
2913# Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch
2914		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_has_diff &&
2915		    (($line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/([\w/]+)@ &&
2916		      $line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/[\w/]+\s+b/$1\b@) ||
2917		     $line =~ m@^\s*(?:\-\-\-\s+a/|\+\+\+\s+b/)@ ||
2918		     $line =~ m/^\s*\@\@ \-\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/)) {
2919			ERROR("DIFF_IN_COMMIT_MSG",
2920			      "Avoid using diff content in the commit message - patch(1) might not work\n" . $herecurr);
2921			$commit_log_has_diff = 1;
2922		}
2923
2924# Check for incorrect file permissions
2925		if ($line =~ /^new (file )?mode.*[7531]\d{0,2}$/) {
2926			my $permhere = $here . "FILE: $realfile\n";
2927			if ($realfile !~ m@scripts/@ &&
2928			    $realfile !~ /\.(py|pl|awk|sh)$/) {
2929				ERROR("EXECUTE_PERMISSIONS",
2930				      "do not set execute permissions for source files\n" . $permhere);
2931			}
2932		}
2933
2934# Check the patch for a From:
2935		if (decode("MIME-Header", $line) =~ /^From:\s*(.*)/) {
2936			$author = $1;
2937			my $curline = $linenr;
2938			while(defined($rawlines[$curline]) && ($rawlines[$curline++] =~ /^[ \t]\s*(.*)/)) {
2939				$author .= $1;
2940			}
2941			$author = encode("utf8", $author) if ($line =~ /=\?utf-8\?/i);
2942			$author =~ s/"//g;
2943			$author = reformat_email($author);
2944		}
2945
2946# Check the patch for a signoff:
2947		if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
2948			$signoff++;
2949			$in_commit_log = 0;
2950			if ($author ne ''  && $authorsignoff != 1) {
2951				if (same_email_addresses($1, $author)) {
2952					$authorsignoff = 1;
2953				} else {
2954					my $ctx = $1;
2955					my ($email_name, $email_comment, $email_address, $comment1) = parse_email($ctx);
2956					my ($author_name, $author_comment, $author_address, $comment2) = parse_email($author);
2957
2958					if (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address && $email_name eq $author_name) {
2959						$author_sob = $ctx;
2960						$authorsignoff = 2;
2961					} elsif (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address) {
2962						$author_sob = $ctx;
2963						$authorsignoff = 3;
2964					} elsif ($email_name eq $author_name) {
2965						$author_sob = $ctx;
2966						$authorsignoff = 4;
2967
2968						my $address1 = $email_address;
2969						my $address2 = $author_address;
2970
2971						if ($address1 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
2972							$address1 = "$1$2";
2973						}
2974						if ($address2 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
2975							$address2 = "$1$2";
2976						}
2977						if ($address1 eq $address2) {
2978							$authorsignoff = 5;
2979						}
2980					}
2981				}
2982			}
2983		}
2984
2985# Check for patch separator
2986		if ($line =~ /^---$/) {
2987			$has_patch_separator = 1;
2988			$in_commit_log = 0;
2989		}
2990
2991# Check if MAINTAINERS is being updated.  If so, there's probably no need to
2992# emit the "does MAINTAINERS need updating?" message on file add/move/delete
2993		if ($line =~ /^\s*MAINTAINERS\s*\|/) {
2994			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
2995		}
2996
2997# Check signature styles
2998		if (!$in_header_lines &&
2999		    $line =~ /^(\s*)([a-z0-9_-]+by:|$signature_tags)(\s*)(.*)/i) {
3000			my $space_before = $1;
3001			my $sign_off = $2;
3002			my $space_after = $3;
3003			my $email = $4;
3004			my $ucfirst_sign_off = ucfirst(lc($sign_off));
3005
3006			if ($sign_off !~ /$signature_tags/) {
3007				my $suggested_signature = find_standard_signature($sign_off);
3008				if ($suggested_signature eq "") {
3009					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3010					     "Non-standard signature: $sign_off\n" . $herecurr);
3011				} else {
3012					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3013						 "Non-standard signature: '$sign_off' - perhaps '$suggested_signature'?\n" . $herecurr) &&
3014					    $fix) {
3015						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$sign_off/$suggested_signature/;
3016					}
3017				}
3018			}
3019			if (defined $space_before && $space_before ne "") {
3020				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3021					 "Do not use whitespace before $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3022				    $fix) {
3023					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3024					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3025				}
3026			}
3027			if ($sign_off =~ /-by:$/i && $sign_off ne $ucfirst_sign_off) {
3028				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3029					 "'$ucfirst_sign_off' is the preferred signature form\n" . $herecurr) &&
3030				    $fix) {
3031					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3032					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3033				}
3034
3035			}
3036			if (!defined $space_after || $space_after ne " ") {
3037				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3038					 "Use a single space after $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3039				    $fix) {
3040					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3041					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3042				}
3043			}
3044
3045			my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
3046			my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment));
3047			if ($suggested_email eq "") {
3048				ERROR("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3049				      "Unrecognized email address: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3050			} else {
3051				my $dequoted = $suggested_email;
3052				$dequoted =~ s/^"//;
3053				$dequoted =~ s/" </ </;
3054				# Don't force email to have quotes
3055				# Allow just an angle bracketed address
3056				if (!same_email_addresses($email, $suggested_email)) {
3057					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3058						 "email address '$email' might be better as '$suggested_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3059					    $fix) {
3060						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$suggested_email/;
3061					}
3062				}
3063
3064				# Address part shouldn't have comments
3065				my $stripped_address = $email_address;
3066				$stripped_address =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g;
3067				if ($email_address ne $stripped_address) {
3068					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3069						 "address part of email should not have comments: '$email_address'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3070					    $fix) {
3071						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email_address\E/$stripped_address/;
3072					}
3073				}
3074
3075				# Only one name comment should be allowed
3076				my $comment_count = () = $name_comment =~ /\([^\)]+\)/g;
3077				if ($comment_count > 1) {
3078					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3079					     "Use a single name comment in email: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3080				}
3081
3082
3083				# stable@vger.kernel.org or stable@kernel.org shouldn't
3084				# have an email name. In addition comments should strictly
3085				# begin with a #
3086				if ($email =~ /^.*stable\@(?:vger\.)?kernel\.org/i) {
3087					if (($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^#.+/) ||
3088					    ($email_name ne "")) {
3089						my $cur_name = $email_name;
3090						my $new_comment = $comment;
3091						$cur_name =~ s/[a-zA-Z\s\-\"]+//g;
3092
3093						# Remove brackets enclosing comment text
3094						# and # from start of comments to get comment text
3095						$new_comment =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/;
3096						$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3097						$new_comment =~ s/^[\s\#]+|\s+$//g;
3098
3099						$new_comment = trim("$new_comment $cur_name") if ($cur_name ne $new_comment);
3100						$new_comment = " # $new_comment" if ($new_comment ne "");
3101						my $new_email = "$email_address$new_comment";
3102
3103						if (WARN("BAD_STABLE_ADDRESS_STYLE",
3104							 "Invalid email format for stable: '$email', prefer '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3105						    $fix) {
3106							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3107						}
3108					}
3109				} elsif ($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^(?:#.+|\(.+\))$/) {
3110					my $new_comment = $comment;
3111
3112					# Extract comment text from within brackets or
3113					# c89 style /*...*/ comments
3114					$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3115					$new_comment =~ s/^\/\*(.*)\*\/$/$1/;
3116
3117					$new_comment = trim($new_comment);
3118					$new_comment =~ s/^[^\w]$//; # Single lettered comment with non word character is usually a typo
3119					$new_comment = "($new_comment)" if ($new_comment ne "");
3120					my $new_email = format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $new_comment);
3121
3122					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3123						 "Unexpected content after email: '$email', should be: '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3124					    $fix) {
3125						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3126					}
3127				}
3128			}
3129
3130# Check for duplicate signatures
3131			my $sig_nospace = $line;
3132			$sig_nospace =~ s/\s//g;
3133			$sig_nospace = lc($sig_nospace);
3134			if (defined $signatures{$sig_nospace}) {
3135				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3136				     "Duplicate signature\n" . $herecurr);
3137			} else {
3138				$signatures{$sig_nospace} = 1;
3139			}
3140
3141# Check Co-developed-by: immediately followed by Signed-off-by: with same name and email
3142			if ($sign_off =~ /^co-developed-by:$/i) {
3143				if ($email eq $author) {
3144					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3145					      "Co-developed-by: should not be used to attribute nominal patch author '$author'\n" . "$here\n" . $rawline);
3146				}
3147				if (!defined $lines[$linenr]) {
3148					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3149					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . "$here\n" . $rawline);
3150				} elsif ($rawlines[$linenr] !~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
3151					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3152					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . "$here\n" . $rawline . "\n" .$rawlines[$linenr]);
3153				} elsif ($1 ne $email) {
3154					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3155					     "Co-developed-by and Signed-off-by: name/email do not match \n" . "$here\n" . $rawline . "\n" .$rawlines[$linenr]);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3156				}
3157			}
3158		}
3159
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3160# Check Fixes: styles is correct
3161		if (!$in_header_lines &&
3162		    $line =~ /^\s*fixes:?\s*(?:commit\s*)?[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i) {
3163			my $orig_commit = "";
3164			my $id = "0123456789ab";
3165			my $title = "commit title";
3166			my $tag_case = 1;
3167			my $tag_space = 1;
3168			my $id_length = 1;
3169			my $id_case = 1;
3170			my $title_has_quotes = 0;
3171
3172			if ($line =~ /(\s*fixes:?)\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\s+($balanced_parens)/i) {
3173				my $tag = $1;
3174				$orig_commit = $2;
3175				$title = $3;
3176
3177				$tag_case = 0 if $tag eq "Fixes:";
3178				$tag_space = 0 if ($line =~ /^fixes:? [0-9a-f]{5,} ($balanced_parens)/i);
3179
3180				$id_length = 0 if ($orig_commit =~ /^[0-9a-f]{12}$/i);
3181				$id_case = 0 if ($orig_commit !~ /[A-F]/);
3182
3183				# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3184				$title = substr($title, 1, -1);
3185				if ($title =~ /^".*"$/) {
3186					$title = substr($title, 1, -1);
3187					$title_has_quotes = 1;
3188				}
 
 
3189			}
3190
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3191			my ($cid, $ctitle) = git_commit_info($orig_commit, $id,
3192							     $title);
3193
3194			if ($ctitle ne $title || $tag_case || $tag_space ||
3195			    $id_length || $id_case || !$title_has_quotes) {
3196				if (WARN("BAD_FIXES_TAG",
3197				     "Please use correct Fixes: style 'Fixes: <12 chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: 'Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3198				    $fix) {
3199					$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")";
3200				}
3201			}
3202		}
3203
3204# Check email subject for common tools that don't need to be mentioned
3205		if ($in_header_lines &&
3206		    $line =~ /^Subject:.*\b(?:checkpatch|sparse|smatch)\b[^:]/i) {
3207			WARN("EMAIL_SUBJECT",
3208			     "A patch subject line should describe the change not the tool that found it\n" . $herecurr);
3209		}
3210
3211# Check for Gerrit Change-Ids not in any patch context
3212		if ($realfile eq '' && !$has_patch_separator && $line =~ /^\s*change-id:/i) {
3213			if (ERROR("GERRIT_CHANGE_ID",
3214			          "Remove Gerrit Change-Id's before submitting upstream\n" . $herecurr) &&
3215			    $fix) {
3216				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
3217			}
3218		}
3219
3220# Check if the commit log is in a possible stack dump
3221		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3222		    ($line =~ /^\s*(?:WARNING:|BUG:)/ ||
3223		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\s*\d+\.\d{6,6}\s*\]/ ||
3224					# timestamp
3225		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\<[0-9a-fA-F]{8,}\>\]/) ||
3226		     $line =~ /^(?:\s+\w+:\s+[0-9a-fA-F]+){3,3}/ ||
3227		     $line =~ /^\s*\#\d+\s*\[[0-9a-fA-F]+\]\s*\w+ at [0-9a-fA-F]+/) {
3228					# stack dump address styles
3229			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 1;
3230		}
3231
3232# Check for line lengths > 75 in commit log, warn once
3233		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_long_line &&
3234		    length($line) > 75 &&
3235		    !($line =~ /^\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_\/\.]+\s+\|\s+\d+/ ||
3236					# file delta changes
3237		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:[\w\.\-\+]*\/)++[\w\.\-\+]+:/ ||
3238					# filename then :
3239		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:Fixes:|Link:|$signature_tags)/i ||
3240					# A Fixes: or Link: line or signature tag line
3241		      $commit_log_possible_stack_dump)) {
3242			WARN("COMMIT_LOG_LONG_LINE",
3243			     "Possible unwrapped commit description (prefer a maximum 75 chars per line)\n" . $herecurr);
3244			$commit_log_long_line = 1;
3245		}
3246
3247# Reset possible stack dump if a blank line is found
3248		if ($in_commit_log && $commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3249		    $line =~ /^\s*$/) {
3250			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
3251		}
3252
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3253# Check for lines starting with a #
3254		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /^#/) {
3255			if (WARN("COMMIT_COMMENT_SYMBOL",
3256				 "Commit log lines starting with '#' are dropped by git as comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
3257			    $fix) {
3258				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^/ /;
3259			}
3260		}
3261
3262# Check for git id commit length and improperly formed commit descriptions
3263# A correctly formed commit description is:
3264#    commit <SHA-1 hash length 12+ chars> ("Complete commit subject")
3265# with the commit subject '("' prefix and '")' suffix
3266# This is a fairly compilicated block as it tests for what appears to be
3267# bare SHA-1 hash with  minimum length of 5.  It also avoids several types of
3268# possible SHA-1 matches.
3269# A commit match can span multiple lines so this block attempts to find a
3270# complete typical commit on a maximum of 3 lines
3271		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3272		    $in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3273		    $line !~ /^\s*(?:Link|Patchwork|http|https|BugLink|base-commit):/i &&
3274		    $line !~ /^This reverts commit [0-9a-f]{7,40}/ &&
3275		    (($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i ||
3276		      ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i && defined($rawlines[$linenr]) && $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i)) ||
3277		     ($line =~ /(?:\s|^)[0-9a-f]{12,40}(?:[\s"'\(\[]|$)/i &&
3278		      $line !~ /[\<\[][0-9a-f]{12,40}[\>\]]/i &&
3279		      $line !~ /\bfixes:\s*[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i))) {
3280			my $init_char = "c";
3281			my $orig_commit = "";
3282			my $short = 1;
3283			my $long = 0;
3284			my $case = 1;
3285			my $space = 1;
3286			my $id = '0123456789ab';
3287			my $orig_desc = "commit description";
3288			my $description = "";
3289			my $herectx = $herecurr;
3290			my $has_parens = 0;
3291			my $has_quotes = 0;
3292
3293			my $input = $line;
3294			if ($line =~ /(?:\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}|\bcommit\s*$)/i) {
3295				for (my $n = 0; $n < 2; $n++) {
3296					if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s*($balanced_parens)/i) {
3297						$orig_desc = $1;
3298						$has_parens = 1;
3299						# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3300						$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3301						if ($orig_desc =~ /^".*"$/) {
3302							$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3303							$has_quotes = 1;
3304						}
3305						last;
3306					}
3307					last if ($#lines < $linenr + $n);
3308					$input .= " " . trim($rawlines[$linenr + $n]);
3309					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$linenr + $n]\n";
3310				}
3311				$herectx = $herecurr if (!$has_parens);
3312			}
3313
3314			if ($input =~ /\b(c)ommit\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\b/i) {
3315				$init_char = $1;
3316				$orig_commit = lc($2);
3317				$short = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i);
3318				$long = 1 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{41,}/i);
3319				$space = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit [0-9a-f]/i);
3320				$case = 0 if ($input =~ /\b[Cc]ommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,40}[^A-F]/);
3321			} elsif ($input =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) {
3322				$orig_commit = lc($1);
3323			}
3324
3325			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($orig_commit,
3326							      $id, $orig_desc);
3327
3328			if (defined($id) &&
3329			    ($short || $long || $space || $case || ($orig_desc ne $description) || !$has_quotes) &&
3330			    $last_git_commit_id_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
3331				ERROR("GIT_COMMIT_ID",
3332				      "Please use git commit description style 'commit <12+ chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: '${init_char}ommit $id (\"$description\")'\n" . $herectx);
3333			}
3334			#don't report the next line if this line ends in commit and the sha1 hash is the next line
3335			$last_git_commit_id_linenr = $linenr if ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i);
3336		}
3337
3338# Check for mailing list archives other than lore.kernel.org
3339		if ($rawline =~ m{http.*\b$obsolete_archives}) {
3340			WARN("PREFER_LORE_ARCHIVE",
3341			     "Use lore.kernel.org archive links when possible - see https://lore.kernel.org/lists.html\n" . $herecurr);
3342		}
3343
3344# Check for added, moved or deleted files
3345		if (!$reported_maintainer_file && !$in_commit_log &&
3346		    ($line =~ /^(?:new|deleted) file mode\s*\d+\s*$/ ||
3347		     $line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) [\w\/\.\-]+\s*$/ ||
3348		     ($line =~ /\{\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\=\>\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\}/ &&
3349		      (defined($1) || defined($2))))) {
3350			$is_patch = 1;
3351			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
3352			WARN("FILE_PATH_CHANGES",
3353			     "added, moved or deleted file(s), does MAINTAINERS need updating?\n" . $herecurr);
3354		}
3355
3356# Check for adding new DT bindings not in schema format
3357		if (!$in_commit_log &&
3358		    ($line =~ /^new file mode\s*\d+\s*$/) &&
3359		    ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/.*\.txt$@)) {
3360			WARN("DT_SCHEMA_BINDING_PATCH",
3361			     "DT bindings should be in DT schema format. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/writing-schema.rst\n");
3362		}
3363
3364# Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file
3365		if ($realcnt != 0 && $line !~ m{^(?:\+|-| |\\ No newline|$)}) {
3366			ERROR("CORRUPTED_PATCH",
3367			      "patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
3368				$herecurr) if (!$emitted_corrupt++);
3369		}
3370
3371# UTF-8 regex found at http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php
3372		if (($realfile =~ /^$/ || $line =~ /^\+/) &&
3373		    $rawline !~ m/^$UTF8*$/) {
3374			my ($utf8_prefix) = ($rawline =~ /^($UTF8*)/);
3375
3376			my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3377			my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, length($utf8_prefix)) . "^";
3378			my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3379
3380			CHK("INVALID_UTF8",
3381			    "Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
3382		}
3383
3384# Check if it's the start of a commit log
3385# (not a header line and we haven't seen the patch filename)
3386		if ($in_header_lines && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3387		    !($rawline =~ /^\s+(?:\S|$)/ ||
3388		      $rawline =~ /^(?:commit\b|from\b|[\w-]+:)/i)) {
3389			$in_header_lines = 0;
3390			$in_commit_log = 1;
3391			$has_commit_log = 1;
3392		}
3393
3394# Check if there is UTF-8 in a commit log when a mail header has explicitly
3395# declined it, i.e defined some charset where it is missing.
3396		if ($in_header_lines &&
3397		    $rawline =~ /^Content-Type:.+charset="(.+)".*$/ &&
3398		    $1 !~ /utf-8/i) {
3399			$non_utf8_charset = 1;
3400		}
3401
3402		if ($in_commit_log && $non_utf8_charset && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3403		    $rawline =~ /$NON_ASCII_UTF8/) {
3404			WARN("UTF8_BEFORE_PATCH",
3405			    "8-bit UTF-8 used in possible commit log\n" . $herecurr);
3406		}
3407
3408# Check for absolute kernel paths in commit message
3409		if ($tree && $in_commit_log) {
3410			while ($line =~ m{(?:^|\s)(/\S*)}g) {
3411				my $file = $1;
3412
3413				if ($file =~ m{^(.*?)(?::\d+)+:?$} &&
3414				    check_absolute_file($1, $herecurr)) {
3415					#
3416				} else {
3417					check_absolute_file($file, $herecurr);
3418				}
3419			}
3420		}
3421
3422# Check for various typo / spelling mistakes
3423		if (defined($misspellings) &&
3424		    ($in_commit_log || $line =~ /^(?:\+|Subject:)/i)) {
3425			while ($rawline =~ /(?:^|[^\w\-'`])($misspellings)(?:[^\w\-'`]|$)/gi) {
3426				my $typo = $1;
3427				my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3428				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $-[1]) . "^" x length($typo);
3429				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3430				my $typo_fix = $spelling_fix{lc($typo)};
3431				$typo_fix = ucfirst($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]/);
3432				$typo_fix = uc($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]+$/);
3433				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3434				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3435				if (&{$msg_level}("TYPO_SPELLING",
3436						  "'$typo' may be misspelled - perhaps '$typo_fix'?\n" . $hereptr) &&
3437				    $fix) {
3438					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^|[^A-Za-z@])($typo)($|[^A-Za-z@])/$1$typo_fix$3/;
3439				}
3440			}
3441		}
3442
3443# check for invalid commit id
3444		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /(^fixes:|\bcommit)\s+([0-9a-f]{6,40})\b/i) {
3445			my $id;
3446			my $description;
3447			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($2, undef, undef);
3448			if (!defined($id)) {
3449				WARN("UNKNOWN_COMMIT_ID",
3450				     "Unknown commit id '$2', maybe rebased or not pulled?\n" . $herecurr);
3451			}
3452		}
3453
3454# check for repeated words separated by a single space
3455# avoid false positive from list command eg, '-rw-r--r-- 1 root root'
3456		if (($rawline =~ /^\+/ || $in_commit_log) &&
3457		    $rawline !~ /[bcCdDlMnpPs\?-][rwxsStT-]{9}/) {
3458			pos($rawline) = 1 if (!$in_commit_log);
3459			while ($rawline =~ /\b($word_pattern) (?=($word_pattern))/g) {
3460
3461				my $first = $1;
3462				my $second = $2;
3463				my $start_pos = $-[1];
3464				my $end_pos = $+[2];
3465				if ($first =~ /(?:struct|union|enum)/) {
3466					pos($rawline) += length($first) + length($second) + 1;
3467					next;
3468				}
3469
3470				next if (lc($first) ne lc($second));
3471				next if ($first eq 'long');
3472
3473				# check for character before and after the word matches
3474				my $start_char = '';
3475				my $end_char = '';
3476				$start_char = substr($rawline, $start_pos - 1, 1) if ($start_pos > ($in_commit_log ? 0 : 1));
3477				$end_char = substr($rawline, $end_pos, 1) if ($end_pos < length($rawline));
3478
3479				next if ($start_char =~ /^\S$/);
3480				next if (index(" \t.,;?!", $end_char) == -1);
3481
3482				# avoid repeating hex occurrences like 'ff ff fe 09 ...'
3483				if ($first =~ /\b[0-9a-f]{2,}\b/i) {
3484					next if (!exists($allow_repeated_words{lc($first)}));
3485				}
3486
3487				if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3488					 "Possible repeated word: '$first'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3489				    $fix) {
3490					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$first $second\b/$first/;
3491				}
3492			}
3493
3494			# if it's a repeated word on consecutive lines in a comment block
3495			if ($prevline =~ /$;+\s*$/ &&
3496			    $prevrawline =~ /($word_pattern)\s*$/) {
3497				my $last_word = $1;
3498				if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*\*\s*$last_word /) {
3499					if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3500						 "Possible repeated word: '$last_word'\n" . $hereprev) &&
3501					    $fix) {
3502						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\+\s*\*\s*)$last_word /$1/;
3503					}
3504				}
3505			}
3506		}
3507
3508# ignore non-hunk lines and lines being removed
3509		next if (!$hunk_line || $line =~ /^-/);
3510
3511#trailing whitespace
3512		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\015/) {
3513			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3514			if (ERROR("DOS_LINE_ENDINGS",
3515				  "DOS line endings\n" . $herevet) &&
3516			    $fix) {
3517				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/[\s\015]+$//;
3518			}
3519		} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\S\s+$/ || $rawline =~ /^\+\s+$/) {
3520			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3521			if (ERROR("TRAILING_WHITESPACE",
3522				  "trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet) &&
3523			    $fix) {
3524				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
3525			}
3526
3527			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3528		}
3529
3530# Check for FSF mailing addresses.
3531		if ($rawline =~ /\bwrite to the Free/i ||
3532		    $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i ||
3533		    $rawline =~ /\b59\s+Temple\s+Pl/i ||
3534		    $rawline =~ /\b51\s+Franklin\s+St/i) {
3535			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3536			my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
3537			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3538			&{$msg_level}("FSF_MAILING_ADDRESS",
3539				      "Do not include the paragraph about writing to the Free Software Foundation's mailing address from the sample GPL notice. The FSF has changed addresses in the past, and may do so again. Linux already includes a copy of the GPL.\n" . $herevet)
3540		}
3541
3542# check for Kconfig help text having a real description
3543# Only applies when adding the entry originally, after that we do not have
3544# sufficient context to determine whether it is indeed long enough.
3545		if ($realfile =~ /Kconfig/ &&
3546		    # 'choice' is usually the last thing on the line (though
3547		    # Kconfig supports named choices), so use a word boundary
3548		    # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s)
3549		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:config|menuconfig|choice)\b/) {
3550			my $ln = $linenr;
3551			my $needs_help = 0;
3552			my $has_help = 0;
3553			my $help_length = 0;
3554			while (defined $lines[$ln]) {
3555				my $f = $lines[$ln++];
3556
3557				next if ($f =~ /^-/);
3558				last if ($f !~ /^[\+ ]/);	# !patch context
3559
3560				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*(?:bool|tristate|prompt)\s*["']/) {
3561					$needs_help = 1;
3562					next;
3563				}
3564				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*help\s*$/) {
3565					$has_help = 1;
3566					next;
3567				}
3568
3569				$f =~ s/^.//;	# strip patch context [+ ]
3570				$f =~ s/#.*//;	# strip # directives
3571				$f =~ s/^\s+//;	# strip leading blanks
3572				next if ($f =~ /^$/);	# skip blank lines
3573
3574				# At the end of this Kconfig block:
3575				# This only checks context lines in the patch
3576				# and so hopefully shouldn't trigger false
3577				# positives, even though some of these are
3578				# common words in help texts
3579				if ($f =~ /^(?:config|menuconfig|choice|endchoice|
3580					       if|endif|menu|endmenu|source)\b/x) {
3581					last;
3582				}
3583				$help_length++ if ($has_help);
3584			}
3585			if ($needs_help &&
3586			    $help_length < $min_conf_desc_length) {
3587				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $ln - 1);
3588				WARN("CONFIG_DESCRIPTION",
3589				     "please write a help paragraph that fully describes the config symbol\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
3590			}
3591		}
3592
3593# check MAINTAINERS entries
3594		if ($realfile =~ /^MAINTAINERS$/) {
3595# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right form
3596			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3597			    $rawline !~ /^\+[A-Z]:\t\S/) {
3598				if (WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3599					 "MAINTAINERS entries use one tab after TYPE:\n" . $herecurr) &&
3600				    $fix) {
3601					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+[A-Z]):\s*/$1:\t/;
3602				}
3603			}
3604# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right ordering too
3605			my $preferred_order = 'MRLSWQBCPTFXNK';
3606			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3607			    $prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ][A-Z]:/) {
3608				$rawline =~ /^\+([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3609				my $cur = $1;
3610				my $curval = $2;
3611				$prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ]([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3612				my $prev = $1;
3613				my $prevval = $2;
3614				my $curindex = index($preferred_order, $cur);
3615				my $previndex = index($preferred_order, $prev);
3616				if ($curindex < 0) {
3617					WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3618					     "Unknown MAINTAINERS entry type: '$cur'\n" . $herecurr);
3619				} else {
3620					if ($previndex >= 0 && $curindex < $previndex) {
3621						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3622						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list '$cur:' before '$prev:'\n" . $hereprev);
3623					} elsif ((($prev eq 'F' && $cur eq 'F') ||
3624						  ($prev eq 'X' && $cur eq 'X')) &&
3625						 ($prevval cmp $curval) > 0) {
3626						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3627						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list file patterns in alphabetic order\n" . $hereprev);
3628					}
3629				}
3630			}
3631		}
3632
3633		if (($realfile =~ /Makefile.*/ || $realfile =~ /Kbuild.*/) &&
3634		    ($line =~ /\+(EXTRA_[A-Z]+FLAGS).*/)) {
3635			my $flag = $1;
3636			my $replacement = {
3637				'EXTRA_AFLAGS' =>   'asflags-y',
3638				'EXTRA_CFLAGS' =>   'ccflags-y',
3639				'EXTRA_CPPFLAGS' => 'cppflags-y',
3640				'EXTRA_LDFLAGS' =>  'ldflags-y',
3641			};
3642
3643			WARN("DEPRECATED_VARIABLE",
3644			     "Use of $flag is deprecated, please use \`$replacement->{$flag} instead.\n" . $herecurr) if ($replacement->{$flag});
3645		}
3646
3647# check for DT compatible documentation
3648		if (defined $root &&
3649			(($realfile =~ /\.dtsi?$/ && $line =~ /^\+\s*compatible\s*=\s*\"/) ||
3650			 ($realfile =~ /\.[ch]$/ && $line =~ /^\+.*\.compatible\s*=\s*\"/))) {
3651
3652			my @compats = $rawline =~ /\"([a-zA-Z0-9\-\,\.\+_]+)\"/g;
3653
3654			my $dt_path = $root . "/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/";
3655			my $vp_file = $dt_path . "vendor-prefixes.yaml";
3656
3657			foreach my $compat (@compats) {
3658				my $compat2 = $compat;
3659				$compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,<\.\*>\-/;
3660				my $compat3 = $compat;
3661				$compat3 =~ s/\,([a-z]*)[0-9]*\-/\,$1<\.\*>\-/;
3662				`grep -Erq "$compat|$compat2|$compat3" $dt_path`;
3663				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3664					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3665					     "DT compatible string \"$compat\" appears un-documented -- check $dt_path\n" . $herecurr);
3666				}
3667
3668				next if $compat !~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\,/;
3669				my $vendor = $1;
3670				`grep -Eq "\\"\\^\Q$vendor\E,\\.\\*\\":" $vp_file`;
3671				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3672					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3673					     "DT compatible string vendor \"$vendor\" appears un-documented -- check $vp_file\n" . $herecurr);
3674				}
3675			}
3676		}
3677
3678# check for using SPDX license tag at beginning of files
3679		if ($realline == $checklicenseline) {
3680			if ($rawline =~ /^[ \+]\s*\#\!\s*\//) {
3681				$checklicenseline = 2;
3682			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+/) {
3683				my $comment = "";
3684				if ($realfile =~ /\.(h|s|S)$/) {
3685					$comment = '/*';
3686				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.(c|rs|dts|dtsi)$/) {
3687					$comment = '//';
3688				} elsif (($checklicenseline == 2) || $realfile =~ /\.(sh|pl|py|awk|tc|yaml)$/) {
3689					$comment = '#';
3690				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.rst$/) {
3691					$comment = '..';
3692				}
3693
3694# check SPDX comment style for .[chsS] files
3695				if ($realfile =~ /\.[chsS]$/ &&
3696				    $rawline =~ /SPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3697				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\s*\Q$comment\E\s*@) {
3698					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3699					     "Improper SPDX comment style for '$realfile', please use '$comment' instead\n" . $herecurr);
3700				}
3701
3702				if ($comment !~ /^$/ &&
3703				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\Q$comment\E SPDX-License-Identifier: @) {
3704					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3705					     "Missing or malformed SPDX-License-Identifier tag in line $checklicenseline\n" . $herecurr);
3706				} elsif ($rawline =~ /(SPDX-License-Identifier: .*)/) {
3707					my $spdx_license = $1;
3708					if (!is_SPDX_License_valid($spdx_license)) {
3709						WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3710						     "'$spdx_license' is not supported in LICENSES/...\n" . $herecurr);
3711					}
3712					if ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/@ &&
3713					    not $spdx_license =~ /GPL-2\.0.*BSD-2-Clause/) {
3714						my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3715						$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3716						if (&{$msg_level}("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3717
3718								  "DT binding documents should be licensed (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)\n" . $herecurr) &&
3719						    $fix) {
3720							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/SPDX-License-Identifier: .*/SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)/;
3721						}
3722					}
 
 
 
 
 
3723				}
3724			}
3725		}
3726
3727# check for embedded filenames
3728		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\Q$realfile\E/) {
3729			WARN("EMBEDDED_FILENAME",
3730			     "It's generally not useful to have the filename in the file\n" . $herecurr);
3731		}
3732
3733# check we are in a valid source file if not then ignore this hunk
3734		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|rs|s|S|sh|dtsi|dts)$/);
3735
3736# check for using SPDX-License-Identifier on the wrong line number
3737		if ($realline != $checklicenseline &&
3738		    $rawline =~ /\bSPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3739		    substr($line, @-, @+ - @-) eq "$;" x (@+ - @-)) {
3740			WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3741			     "Misplaced SPDX-License-Identifier tag - use line $checklicenseline instead\n" . $herecurr);
3742		}
3743
3744# line length limit (with some exclusions)
3745#
3746# There are a few types of lines that may extend beyond $max_line_length:
3747#	logging functions like pr_info that end in a string
3748#	lines with a single string
3749#	#defines that are a single string
3750#	lines with an RFC3986 like URL
3751#
3752# There are 3 different line length message types:
3753# LONG_LINE_COMMENT	a comment starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3754# LONG_LINE_STRING	a string starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3755# LONG_LINE		all other lines longer than $max_line_length
3756#
3757# if LONG_LINE is ignored, the other 2 types are also ignored
3758#
3759
3760		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && $length > $max_line_length) {
3761			my $msg_type = "LONG_LINE";
3762
3763			# Check the allowed long line types first
3764
3765			# logging functions that end in a string that starts
3766			# before $max_line_length
3767			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$logFunctions\s*\(\s*(?:(?:KERN_\S+\s*|[^"]*))?($String\s*(?:|,|\)\s*;)\s*)$/ &&
3768			    length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3769				$msg_type = "";
3770
3771			# lines with only strings (w/ possible termination)
3772			# #defines with only strings
3773			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String\s*(?:\s*|,|\)\s*;)\s*$/ ||
3774				 $line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+\w+\s+$String$/) {
3775				$msg_type = "";
3776
3777			# More special cases
3778			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+.*\bEFI_GUID\s*\(/ ||
3779				 $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:\w+)?\s*DEFINE_PER_CPU/) {
3780				$msg_type = "";
3781
3782			# URL ($rawline is used in case the URL is in a comment)
3783			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\b[a-z][\w\.\+\-]*:\/\/\S+/i) {
3784				$msg_type = "";
3785
3786			# Otherwise set the alternate message types
3787
3788			# a comment starts before $max_line_length
3789			} elsif ($line =~ /($;[\s$;]*)$/ &&
3790				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3791				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT"
3792
3793			# a quoted string starts before $max_line_length
3794			} elsif ($sline =~ /\s*($String(?:\s*(?:\\|,\s*|\)\s*;\s*))?)$/ &&
3795				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3796				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_STRING"
3797			}
3798
3799			if ($msg_type ne "" &&
3800			    (show_type("LONG_LINE") || show_type($msg_type))) {
3801				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3802				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3803				&{$msg_level}($msg_type,
3804					      "line length of $length exceeds $max_line_length columns\n" . $herecurr);
3805			}
3806		}
3807
3808# check for adding lines without a newline.
3809		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && defined $lines[$linenr] && $lines[$linenr] =~ /^\\ No newline at end of file/) {
3810			if (WARN("MISSING_EOF_NEWLINE",
3811			         "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr) &&
3812			    $fix) {
3813				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr+1, "No newline at end of file");
3814			}
3815		}
3816
3817# check for .L prefix local symbols in .S files
3818		if ($realfile =~ /\.S$/ &&
3819		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:[A-Z]+_)?SYM_[A-Z]+_(?:START|END)(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(\s*\.L/) {
3820			WARN("AVOID_L_PREFIX",
3821			     "Avoid using '.L' prefixed local symbol names for denoting a range of code via 'SYM_*_START/END' annotations; see Documentation/core-api/asm-annotations.rst\n" . $herecurr);
3822		}
3823
3824# check we are in a valid source file C or perl if not then ignore this hunk
3825		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|pl|dtsi|dts)$/);
3826
3827# at the beginning of a line any tabs must come first and anything
3828# more than $tabsize must use tabs.
3829		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ ||
3830		    $rawline =~ /^\+\s*        \s*/) {
3831			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3832			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3833			if (ERROR("CODE_INDENT",
3834				  "code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet) &&
3835			    $fix) {
3836				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
3837			}
3838		}
3839
3840# check for space before tabs.
3841		if ($rawline =~ /^\+/ && $rawline =~ / \t/) {
3842			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3843			if (WARN("SPACE_BEFORE_TAB",
3844				"please, no space before tabs\n" . $herevet) &&
3845			    $fix) {
3846				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3847					   s/(^\+.*) {$tabsize,$tabsize}\t/$1\t\t/) {}
3848				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3849					   s/(^\+.*) +\t/$1\t/) {}
3850			}
3851		}
3852
3853# check for assignments on the start of a line
3854		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s+($Assignment)[^=]/) {
3855			my $operator = $1;
3856			if (CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS",
3857				"Assignment operator '$1' should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3858			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3859				# add assignment operator to the previous line, remove from current line
3860				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] .= " $operator";
3861				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3862			}
3863		}
3864
3865# check for && or || at the start of a line
3866		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) {
3867			my $operator = $1;
3868			if (CHK("LOGICAL_CONTINUATIONS",
3869				"Logical continuations should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3870			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3871				# insert logical operator at last non-comment, non-whitepsace char on previous line
3872				$prevline =~ /[\s$;]*$/;
3873				my $line_end = substr($prevrawline, $-[0]);
3874				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] =~ s/\Q$line_end\E$/ $operator$line_end/;
3875				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3876			}
3877		}
3878
3879# check indentation starts on a tab stop
3880		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3881		    $sline =~ /^\+\t+( +)(?:$c90_Keywords\b|\{\s*$|\}\s*(?:else\b|while\b|\s*$)|$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[;=])/) {
3882			my $indent = length($1);
3883			if ($indent % $tabsize) {
3884				if (WARN("TABSTOP",
3885					 "Statements should start on a tabstop\n" . $herecurr) &&
3886				    $fix) {
3887					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@(^\+\t+) +@$1 . "\t" x ($indent/$tabsize)@e;
3888				}
3889			}
3890		}
3891
3892# check multi-line statement indentation matches previous line
3893		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3894		    $prevline =~ /^\+([ \t]*)((?:$c90_Keywords(?:\s+if)\s*)|(?:$Declare\s*)?(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*|(?:\*\s*)*$Lval\s*=\s*$Ident\s*)\(.*(\&\&|\|\||,)\s*$/) {
3895			$prevline =~ /^\+(\t*)(.*)$/;
3896			my $oldindent = $1;
3897			my $rest = $2;
3898
3899			my $pos = pos_last_openparen($rest);
3900			if ($pos >= 0) {
3901				$line =~ /^(\+| )([ \t]*)/;
3902				my $newindent = $2;
3903
3904				my $goodtabindent = $oldindent .
3905					"\t" x ($pos / $tabsize) .
3906					" "  x ($pos % $tabsize);
3907				my $goodspaceindent = $oldindent . " "  x $pos;
3908
3909				if ($newindent ne $goodtabindent &&
3910				    $newindent ne $goodspaceindent) {
3911
3912					if (CHK("PARENTHESIS_ALIGNMENT",
3913						"Alignment should match open parenthesis\n" . $hereprev) &&
3914					    $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) {
3915						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3916						    s/^\+[ \t]*/\+$goodtabindent/;
3917					}
3918				}
3919			}
3920		}
3921
3922# check for space after cast like "(int) foo" or "(struct foo) bar"
3923# avoid checking a few false positives:
3924#   "sizeof(<type>)" or "__alignof__(<type>)"
3925#   function pointer declarations like "(*foo)(int) = bar;"
3926#   structure definitions like "(struct foo) { 0 };"
3927#   multiline macros that define functions
3928#   known attributes or the __attribute__ keyword
3929		if ($line =~ /^\+(.*)\(\s*$Type\s*\)([ \t]++)((?![={]|\\$|$Attribute|__attribute__))/ &&
3930		    (!defined($1) || $1 !~ /\b(?:sizeof|__alignof__)\s*$/)) {
3931			if (CHK("SPACING",
3932				"No space is necessary after a cast\n" . $herecurr) &&
3933			    $fix) {
3934				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3935				    s/(\(\s*$Type\s*\))[ \t]+/$1/;
3936			}
3937		}
3938
3939# Block comment styles
3940# Networking with an initial /*
3941		if ($realfile =~ m@^(drivers/net/|net/)@ &&
3942		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\/\*[ \t]*$/ &&
3943		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&
3944		    $realline > 3) { # Do not warn about the initial copyright comment block after SPDX-License-Identifier
3945			WARN("NETWORKING_BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3946			     "networking block comments don't use an empty /* line, use /* Comment...\n" . $hereprev);
3947		}
3948
3949# Block comments use * on subsequent lines
3950		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
3951		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#starting /*
3952		    $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/ &&		#no trailing */
3953		    $rawline =~ /^\+/ &&			#line is new
3954		    $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) {		#no leading *
3955			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3956			     "Block comments use * on subsequent lines\n" . $hereprev);
3957		}
3958
3959# Block comments use */ on trailing lines
3960		if ($rawline !~ m@^\+[ \t]*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing */
3961		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*/\*.*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#inline /*...*/
3962		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*\*{2,}/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing **/
3963		    $rawline =~ m@^\+[ \t]*.+\*\/[ \t]*$@) {	#non blank */
3964			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3965			     "Block comments use a trailing */ on a separate line\n" . $herecurr);
3966		}
3967
3968# Block comment * alignment
3969		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
3970		    $line =~ /^\+[ \t]*$;/ &&			#leading comment
3971		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&		#leading *
3972		    (($prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#leading /*
3973		      $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/) ||		#no trailing */
3974		     $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/)) {		#leading *
3975			my $oldindent;
3976			$prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/?)\*@;
3977			if (defined($1)) {
3978				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
3979			} else {
3980				$prevrawline =~ m@^\+(.*/?)\*@;
3981				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
3982			}
3983			$rawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*)\*@;
3984			my $newindent = $1;
3985			$newindent = expand_tabs($newindent);
3986			if (length($oldindent) ne length($newindent)) {
3987				WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
3988				     "Block comments should align the * on each line\n" . $hereprev);
3989			}
3990		}
3991
3992# check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations
3993# with exceptions for various attributes and macros
3994		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]};?\s*$/ &&
3995		    $line =~ /^\+/ &&
3996		    !($line =~ /^\+\s*$/ ||
3997		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:EXPORT_SYMBOL|early_param)/ ||
3998		      $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i ||
3999		      $line =~ /^\+\s*\#\s*(?:end|elif|else)/ ||
4000		      $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ ||
4001		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:static\s+)?[A-Z_]*ATTR/ ||
4002		      $line =~ /^\+\s*DECLARE/ ||
4003		      $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ ||
4004		      $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) {
4005			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4006				"Please use a blank line after function/struct/union/enum declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4007			    $fix) {
4008				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4009			}
4010		}
4011
4012# check for multiple consecutive blank lines
4013		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]\s*$/ &&
4014		    $line =~ /^\+\s*$/ &&
4015		    $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) {
4016			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4017				"Please don't use multiple blank lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
4018			    $fix) {
4019				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4020			}
4021
4022			$last_blank_line = $linenr;
4023		}
4024
4025# check for missing blank lines after declarations
4026# (declarations must have the same indentation and not be at the start of line)
4027		if (($prevline =~ /\+(\s+)\S/) && $sline =~ /^\+$1\S/) {
4028			# use temporaries
4029			my $sl = $sline;
4030			my $pl = $prevline;
4031			# remove $Attribute/$Sparse uses to simplify comparisons
4032			$sl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4033			$pl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4034			if (($pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4035			# function pointer declarations
4036			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4037			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4038			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4039			# known declaration macros
4040			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/) &&
4041			# for "else if" which can look like "$Ident $Ident"
4042			    !($pl =~ /^\+\s+$c90_Keywords\b/ ||
4043			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4044			      $pl =~ /(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)\s*$/ ||
4045			# not starting a section or a macro "\" extended line
4046			      $pl =~ /(?:\{\s*|\\)$/) &&
4047			# looks like a declaration
4048			    !($sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4049			# function pointer declarations
4050			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4051			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4052			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4053			# known declaration macros
4054			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ ||
4055			# start of struct or union or enum
4056			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:static\s+)?(?:const\s+)?(?:union|struct|enum|typedef)\b/ ||
4057			# start or end of block or continuation of declaration
4058			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:$|[\{\}\.\#\"\?\:\(\[])/ ||
4059			# bitfield continuation
4060			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ ||
4061			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4062			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+\(?\s*(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/)) {
4063				if (WARN("LINE_SPACING",
4064					 "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4065				    $fix) {
4066					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4067				}
4068			}
4069		}
4070
4071# check for spaces at the beginning of a line.
4072# Exceptions:
4073#  1) within comments
4074#  2) indented preprocessor commands
4075#  3) hanging labels
4076		if ($rawline =~ /^\+ / && $line !~ /^\+ *(?:$;|#|$Ident:)/)  {
4077			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
4078			if (WARN("LEADING_SPACE",
4079				 "please, no spaces at the start of a line\n" . $herevet) &&
4080			    $fix) {
4081				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
4082			}
4083		}
4084
4085# check we are in a valid C source file if not then ignore this hunk
4086		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c)$/);
4087
4088# check for unusual line ending [ or (
4089		if ($line =~ /^\+.*([\[\(])\s*$/) {
4090			CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE",
4091			    "Lines should not end with a '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
4092		}
4093
4094# check if this appears to be the start function declaration, save the name
4095		if ($sline =~ /^\+\{\s*$/ &&
4096		    $prevline =~ /^\+(?:(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*)?($Ident)\(/) {
4097			$context_function = $1;
4098		}
4099
4100# check if this appears to be the end of function declaration
4101		if ($sline =~ /^\+\}\s*$/) {
4102			undef $context_function;
4103		}
4104
4105# check indentation of any line with a bare else
4106# (but not if it is a multiple line "if (foo) return bar; else return baz;")
4107# if the previous line is a break or return and is indented 1 tab more...
4108		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)(?:}[ \t]*)?else(?:[ \t]*{)?\s*$/) {
4109			my $tabs = length($1) + 1;
4110			if ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}break\b/ ||
4111			    ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}return\b/ &&
4112			     defined $lines[$linenr] &&
4113			     $lines[$linenr] !~ /^[ \+]\t{$tabs,$tabs}return/)) {
4114				WARN("UNNECESSARY_ELSE",
4115				     "else is not generally useful after a break or return\n" . $hereprev);
4116			}
4117		}
4118
4119# check indentation of a line with a break;
4120# if the previous line is a goto, return or break
4121# and is indented the same # of tabs
4122		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)break\s*;\s*$/) {
4123			my $tabs = $1;
4124			if ($prevline =~ /^\+$tabs(goto|return|break)\b/) {
4125				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_BREAK",
4126					 "break is not useful after a $1\n" . $hereprev) &&
4127				    $fix) {
4128					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4129				}
4130			}
4131		}
4132
4133# check for RCS/CVS revision markers
4134		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|)/) {
4135			WARN("CVS_KEYWORD",
4136			     "CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
4137		}
4138
4139# check for old HOTPLUG __dev<foo> section markings
4140		if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) {
4141			WARN("HOTPLUG_SECTION",
4142			     "Using $1 is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr);
4143		}
4144
4145# Check for potential 'bare' types
4146		my ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next,
4147		    $realline_next);
4148#print "LINE<$line>\n";
4149		if ($linenr > $suppress_statement &&
4150		    $realcnt && $sline =~ /.\s*\S/) {
4151			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4152				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4153			$stat =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4154			$cond =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4155
4156#print "linenr<$linenr> <$stat>\n";
4157			# If this statement has no statement boundaries within
4158			# it there is no point in retrying a statement scan
4159			# until we hit end of it.
4160			my $frag = $stat; $frag =~ s/;+\s*$//;
4161			if ($frag !~ /(?:{|;)/) {
4162#print "skip<$line_nr_next>\n";
4163				$suppress_statement = $line_nr_next;
4164			}
4165
4166			# Find the real next line.
4167			$realline_next = $line_nr_next;
4168			if (defined $realline_next &&
4169			    (!defined $lines[$realline_next - 1] ||
4170			     substr($lines[$realline_next - 1], $off_next) =~ /^\s*$/)) {
4171				$realline_next++;
4172			}
4173
4174			my $s = $stat;
4175			$s =~ s/{.*$//s;
4176
4177			# Ignore goto labels.
4178			if ($s =~ /$Ident:\*$/s) {
4179
4180			# Ignore functions being called
4181			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
4182
4183			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*else\b/s) {
4184
4185			# declarations always start with types
4186			} elsif ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?((?:\s*$Ident)+?)\b(?:\s+$Sparse)?\s*\**\s*(?:$Ident|\(\*[^\)]*\))(?:\s*$Modifier)?\s*(?:;|=|,|\()/s) {
4187				my $type = $1;
4188				$type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4189				possible($type, "A:" . $s);
4190
4191			# definitions in global scope can only start with types
4192			} elsif ($s =~ /^.(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?($Ident)\b\s*(?!:)/s) {
4193				possible($1, "B:" . $s);
4194			}
4195
4196			# any (foo ... *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type
4197			while ($s =~ /\(($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*[\s\*]+\s*\)/sg) {
4198				possible($1, "C:" . $s);
4199			}
4200
4201			# Check for any sort of function declaration.
4202			# int foo(something bar, other baz);
4203			# void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *);
4204			if ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^(.(?:typedef\s*)?(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*(?:\b$Ident|\(\*\s*$Ident\))\s*)\(/s) {
4205				my ($name_len) = length($1);
4206
4207				my $ctx = $s;
4208				substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, '');
4209				$ctx =~ s/\)[^\)]*$//;
4210
4211				for my $arg (split(/\s*,\s*/, $ctx)) {
4212					if ($arg =~ /^(?:const\s+)?($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*\s*\**\s*(:?\b$Ident)?$/s || $arg =~ /^($Ident)$/s) {
4213
4214						possible($1, "D:" . $s);
4215					}
4216				}
4217			}
4218
4219		}
4220
4221#
4222# Checks which may be anchored in the context.
4223#
4224
4225# Check for switch () and associated case and default
4226# statements should be at the same indent.
4227		if ($line=~/\bswitch\s*\(.*\)/) {
4228			my $err = '';
4229			my $sep = '';
4230			my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt);
4231			shift(@ctx);
4232			for my $ctx (@ctx) {
4233				my ($clen, $cindent) = line_stats($ctx);
4234				if ($ctx =~ /^\+\s*(case\s+|default:)/ &&
4235							$indent != $cindent) {
4236					$err .= "$sep$ctx\n";
4237					$sep = '';
4238				} else {
4239					$sep = "[...]\n";
4240				}
4241			}
4242			if ($err ne '') {
4243				ERROR("SWITCH_CASE_INDENT_LEVEL",
4244				      "switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
4245			}
4246		}
4247
4248# if/while/etc brace do not go on next line, unless defining a do while loop,
4249# or if that brace on the next line is for something else
4250		if ($line =~ /(.*)\b((?:if|while|for|switch|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|do\b|else\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\#/) {
4251			my $pre_ctx = "$1$2";
4252
4253			my ($level, @ctx) = ctx_statement_level($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4254
4255			if ($line =~ /^\+\t{6,}/) {
4256				WARN("DEEP_INDENTATION",
4257				     "Too many leading tabs - consider code refactoring\n" . $herecurr);
4258			}
4259
4260			my $ctx_cnt = $realcnt - $#ctx - 1;
4261			my $ctx = join("\n", @ctx);
4262
4263			my $ctx_ln = $linenr;
4264			my $ctx_skip = $realcnt;
4265
4266			while ($ctx_skip > $ctx_cnt || ($ctx_skip == $ctx_cnt &&
4267					defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] &&
4268					$lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^-/)) {
4269				##print "SKIP<$ctx_skip> CNT<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4270				$ctx_skip-- if (!defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] || $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] !~ /^-/);
4271				$ctx_ln++;
4272			}
4273
4274			#print "realcnt<$realcnt> ctx_cnt<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4275			#print "pre<$pre_ctx>\nline<$line>\nctx<$ctx>\nnext<$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]>\n";
4276
4277			if ($ctx !~ /{\s*/ && defined($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*{/) {
4278				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4279				      "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
4280					"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4281			}
4282			if ($level == 0 && $pre_ctx !~ /}\s*while\s*\($/ &&
4283			    $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ &&
4284			    defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1])
4285			{
4286				my ($nlength, $nindent) = line_stats($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]);
4287				if ($nindent > $indent) {
4288					WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
4289					     "trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
4290						"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4291				}
4292			}
4293		}
4294
4295# Check relative indent for conditionals and blocks.
4296		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:if|while|for|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|(?:do|else)\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/ && $line !~ /\}\s*while\s*/) {
4297			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4298				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
4299					if (!defined $stat);
4300			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
4301
4302			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
4303
4304			# remove inline comments
4305			$s =~ s/$;/ /g;
4306			$c =~ s/$;/ /g;
4307
4308			# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
4309			my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
4310			my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
4311
4312			# Make sure we remove the line prefixes as we have
4313			# none on the first line, and are going to readd them
4314			# where necessary.
4315			$s =~ s/\n./\n/gs;
4316			while ($s =~ /\n\s+\\\n/) {
4317				$cond_lines += $s =~ s/\n\s+\\\n/\n/g;
4318			}
4319
4320			# We want to check the first line inside the block
4321			# starting at the end of the conditional, so remove:
4322			#  1) any blank line termination
4323			#  2) any opening brace { on end of the line
4324			#  3) any do (...) {
4325			my $continuation = 0;
4326			my $check = 0;
4327			$s =~ s/^.*\bdo\b//;
4328			$s =~ s/^\s*{//;
4329			if ($s =~ s/^\s*\\//) {
4330				$continuation = 1;
4331			}
4332			if ($s =~ s/^\s*?\n//) {
4333				$check = 1;
4334				$cond_lines++;
4335			}
4336
4337			# Also ignore a loop construct at the end of a
4338			# preprocessor statement.
4339			if (($prevline =~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s/ ||
4340			    $prevline =~ /\\\s*$/) && $continuation == 0) {
4341				$check = 0;
4342			}
4343
4344			my $cond_ptr = -1;
4345			$continuation = 0;
4346			while ($cond_ptr != $cond_lines) {
4347				$cond_ptr = $cond_lines;
4348
4349				# If we see an #else/#elif then the code
4350				# is not linear.
4351				if ($s =~ /^\s*\#\s*(?:else|elif)/) {
4352					$check = 0;
4353				}
4354
4355				# Ignore:
4356				#  1) blank lines, they should be at 0,
4357				#  2) preprocessor lines, and
4358				#  3) labels.
4359				if ($continuation ||
4360				    $s =~ /^\s*?\n/ ||
4361				    $s =~ /^\s*#\s*?/ ||
4362				    $s =~ /^\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
4363					$continuation = ($s =~ /^.*?\\\n/) ? 1 : 0;
4364					if ($s =~ s/^.*?\n//) {
4365						$cond_lines++;
4366					}
4367				}
4368			}
4369
4370			my (undef, $sindent) = line_stats("+" . $s);
4371			my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines);
4372
4373			# Check if either of these lines are modified, else
4374			# this is not this patch's fault.
4375			if (!defined($stat_real) ||
4376			    $stat !~ /^\+/ && $stat_real !~ /^\+/) {
4377				$check = 0;
4378			}
4379			if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
4380				$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
4381			}
4382
4383			#print "line<$line> prevline<$prevline> indent<$indent> sindent<$sindent> check<$check> continuation<$continuation> s<$s> cond_lines<$cond_lines> stat_real<$stat_real> stat<$stat>\n";
4384
4385			if ($check && $s ne '' &&
4386			    (($sindent % $tabsize) != 0 ||
4387			     ($sindent < $indent) ||
4388			     ($sindent == $indent &&
4389			      ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\}|\{|else\b)/)) ||
4390			     ($sindent > $indent + $tabsize))) {
4391				WARN("SUSPECT_CODE_INDENT",
4392				     "suspect code indent for conditional statements ($indent, $sindent)\n" . $herecurr . "$stat_real\n");
4393			}
4394		}
4395
4396		# Track the 'values' across context and added lines.
4397		my $opline = $line; $opline =~ s/^./ /;
4398		my ($curr_values, $curr_vars) =
4399				annotate_values($opline . "\n", $prev_values);
4400		$curr_values = $prev_values . $curr_values;
4401		if ($dbg_values) {
4402			my $outline = $opline; $outline =~ s/\t/ /g;
4403			print "$linenr > .$outline\n";
4404			print "$linenr > $curr_values\n";
4405			print "$linenr >  $curr_vars\n";
4406		}
4407		$prev_values = substr($curr_values, -1);
4408
4409#ignore lines not being added
4410		next if ($line =~ /^[^\+]/);
4411
4412# check for self assignments used to avoid compiler warnings
4413# e.g.:	int foo = foo, *bar = NULL;
4414#	struct foo bar = *(&(bar));
4415		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)\s*=/) {
4416			my $var = $1;
4417			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?$var\s*=\s*(?:$var|\*\s*\(?\s*&\s*\(?\s*$var\s*\)?\s*\)?)\s*[;,]/) {
4418				WARN("SELF_ASSIGNMENT",
4419				     "Do not use self-assignments to avoid compiler warnings\n" . $herecurr);
4420			}
4421		}
4422
4423# check for dereferences that span multiple lines
4424		if ($prevline =~ /^\+.*$Lval\s*(?:\.|->)\s*$/ &&
4425		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?!\#\s*(?!define\s+|if))\s*$Lval/) {
4426			$prevline =~ /($Lval\s*(?:\.|->))\s*$/;
4427			my $ref = $1;
4428			$line =~ /^.\s*($Lval)/;
4429			$ref .= $1;
4430			$ref =~ s/\s//g;
4431			WARN("MULTILINE_DEREFERENCE",
4432			     "Avoid multiple line dereference - prefer '$ref'\n" . $hereprev);
4433		}
4434
4435# check for declarations of signed or unsigned without int
4436		while ($line =~ m{\b($Declare)\s*(?!char\b|short\b|int\b|long\b)\s*($Ident)?\s*[=,;\[\)\(]}g) {
4437			my $type = $1;
4438			my $var = $2;
4439			$var = "" if (!defined $var);
4440			if ($type =~ /^(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline|$Attribute)\s+)*((?:un)?signed)((?:\s*\*)*)\s*$/) {
4441				my $sign = $1;
4442				my $pointer = $2;
4443
4444				$pointer = "" if (!defined $pointer);
4445
4446				if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT",
4447					 "Prefer '" . trim($sign) . " int" . rtrim($pointer) . "' to bare use of '$sign" . rtrim($pointer) . "'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4448				    $fix) {
4449					my $decl = trim($sign) . " int ";
4450					my $comp_pointer = $pointer;
4451					$comp_pointer =~ s/\s//g;
4452					$decl .= $comp_pointer;
4453					$decl = rtrim($decl) if ($var eq "");
4454					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\b$sign\s*\Q$pointer\E\s*$var\b@$decl$var@;
4455				}
4456			}
4457		}
4458
4459# TEST: allow direct testing of the type matcher.
4460		if ($dbg_type) {
4461			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Declare\s*$/) {
4462				ERROR("TEST_TYPE",
4463				      "TEST: is type\n" . $herecurr);
4464			} elsif ($dbg_type > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Declare)/) {
4465				ERROR("TEST_NOT_TYPE",
4466				      "TEST: is not type ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4467			}
4468			next;
4469		}
4470# TEST: allow direct testing of the attribute matcher.
4471		if ($dbg_attr) {
4472			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) {
4473				ERROR("TEST_ATTR",
4474				      "TEST: is attr\n" . $herecurr);
4475			} elsif ($dbg_attr > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Modifier)/) {
4476				ERROR("TEST_NOT_ATTR",
4477				      "TEST: is not attr ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4478			}
4479			next;
4480		}
4481
4482# check for initialisation to aggregates open brace on the next line
4483		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4484		    $prevline =~ /(?:^|[^=])=\s*$/) {
4485			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4486				  "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4487			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4488				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4489				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4490				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
4491				$fixedline =~ s/\s*=\s*$/ = {/;
4492				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4493				$fixedline = $line;
4494				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1/;
4495				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4496			}
4497		}
4498
4499#
4500# Checks which are anchored on the added line.
4501#
4502
4503# check for malformed paths in #include statements (uses RAW line)
4504		if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[<"](.*)[">]}) {
4505			my $path = $1;
4506			if ($path =~ m{//}) {
4507				ERROR("MALFORMED_INCLUDE",
4508				      "malformed #include filename\n" . $herecurr);
4509			}
4510			if ($path =~ "^uapi/" && $realfile =~ m@\binclude/uapi/@) {
4511				ERROR("UAPI_INCLUDE",
4512				      "No #include in ...include/uapi/... should use a uapi/ path prefix\n" . $herecurr);
4513			}
4514		}
4515
4516# no C99 // comments
4517		if ($line =~ m{//}) {
4518			if (ERROR("C99_COMMENTS",
4519				  "do not use C99 // comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
4520			    $fix) {
4521				my $line = $fixed[$fixlinenr];
4522				if ($line =~ /\/\/(.*)$/) {
4523					my $comment = trim($1);
4524					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\/\/(.*)$@/\* $comment \*/@;
4525				}
4526			}
4527		}
4528		# Remove C99 comments.
4529		$line =~ s@//.*@@;
4530		$opline =~ s@//.*@@;
4531
4532# EXPORT_SYMBOL should immediately follow the thing it is exporting, consider
4533# the whole statement.
4534#print "APW <$lines[$realline_next - 1]>\n";
4535		if (defined $realline_next &&
4536		    exists $lines[$realline_next - 1] &&
4537		    !defined $suppress_export{$realline_next} &&
4538		    ($lines[$realline_next - 1] =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4539			# Handle definitions which produce identifiers with
4540			# a prefix:
4541			#   XXX(foo);
4542			#   EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo);
4543			my $name = $1;
4544			$name =~ s/^\s*($Ident).*/$1/;
4545			if ($stat =~ /^(?:.\s*}\s*\n)?.([A-Z_]+)\s*\(\s*($Ident)/ &&
4546			    $name =~ /^${Ident}_$2/) {
4547#print "FOO C name<$name>\n";
4548				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4549
4550			} elsif ($stat !~ /(?:
4551				\n.}\s*$|
4552				^.DEFINE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4553				^.DECLARE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4554				^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)|
4555				^.(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(|
4556				\b\Q$name\E(?:\s+$Attribute)*\s*(?:;|=|\[|\()
4557			    )/x) {
4558#print "FOO A<$lines[$realline_next - 1]> stat<$stat> name<$name>\n";
4559				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 2;
4560			} else {
4561				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4562			}
4563		}
4564		if (!defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4565		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*$/ &&
4566		    ($line =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4567#print "FOO B <$lines[$linenr - 1]>\n";
4568			$suppress_export{$linenr} = 2;
4569		}
4570		if (defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4571		    $suppress_export{$linenr} == 2) {
4572			WARN("EXPORT_SYMBOL",
4573			     "EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable\n" . $herecurr);
4574		}
4575
4576# check for global initialisers.
4577		if ($line =~ /^\+$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*\s*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/ &&
4578		    !exclude_global_initialisers($realfile)) {
4579			if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS",
4580				  "do not initialise globals to $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
4581			    $fix) {
4582				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4583			}
4584		}
4585# check for static initialisers.
4586		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\bstatic\s.*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/) {
4587			if (ERROR("INITIALISED_STATIC",
4588				  "do not initialise statics to $1\n" .
4589				      $herecurr) &&
4590			    $fix) {
4591				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s.*?)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4592			}
4593		}
4594
4595# check for misordered declarations of char/short/int/long with signed/unsigned
4596		while ($sline =~ m{(\b$TypeMisordered\b)}g) {
4597			my $tmp = trim($1);
4598			WARN("MISORDERED_TYPE",
4599			     "type '$tmp' should be specified in [[un]signed] [short|int|long|long long] order\n" . $herecurr);
4600		}
4601
4602# check for unnecessary <signed> int declarations of short/long/long long
4603		while ($sline =~ m{\b($TypeMisordered(\s*\*)*|$C90_int_types)\b}g) {
4604			my $type = trim($1);
4605			next if ($type !~ /\bint\b/);
4606			next if ($type !~ /\b(?:short|long\s+long|long)\b/);
4607			my $new_type = $type;
4608			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*int\s*\b/ /;
4609			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*(?:un)?signed\b\s*/ /;
4610			$new_type =~ s/^const\s+//;
4611			$new_type = "unsigned $new_type" if ($type =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
4612			$new_type = "const $new_type" if ($type =~ /^const\b/);
4613			$new_type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4614			$new_type = trim($new_type);
4615			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_INT",
4616				 "Prefer '$new_type' over '$type' as the int is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr) &&
4617			    $fix) {
4618				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$type\E\b/$new_type/;
4619			}
4620		}
4621
4622# check for static const char * arrays.
4623		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+const\s+char\s*\*\s*(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*/) {
4624			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4625			     "static const char * array should probably be static const char * const\n" .
4626				$herecurr);
4627		}
4628
4629# check for initialized const char arrays that should be static const
4630		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*const\s+(char|unsigned\s+char|_*u8|(?:[us]_)?int8_t)\s+\w+\s*\[\s*(?:\w+\s*)?\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4631			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4632				 "const array should probably be static const\n" . $herecurr) &&
4633			    $fix) {
4634				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.\s*)const\b/${1}static const/;
4635			}
4636		}
4637
4638# check for static char foo[] = "bar" declarations.
4639		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+char\s+(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4640			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4641			     "static char array declaration should probably be static const char\n" .
4642				$herecurr);
4643		}
4644
4645# check for const <foo> const where <foo> is not a pointer or array type
4646		if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4647			my $found = $1;
4648			if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\b\s*\*/) {
4649				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4650				     "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . $herecurr);
4651			} elsif ($sline !~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\s+\w+\s*\[/) {
4652				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4653				     "'const $found const' should probably be 'const $found'\n" . $herecurr);
4654			}
4655		}
4656
4657# check for const static or static <non ptr type> const declarations
4658# prefer 'static const <foo>' over 'const static <foo>' and 'static <foo> const'
4659		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s*const\s+static\s+($Type)\b/ ||
4660		    $sline =~ /^\+\s*static\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4661			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST",
4662				 "Move const after static - use 'static const $1'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4663			    $fix) {
4664				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bconst\s+static\b/static const/;
4665				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bstatic\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/static const $1/;
4666			}
4667		}
4668
4669# check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", ...} declarations.
4670		if ($line =~ /^.\s+(?:static\s+|const\s+)?char\s+\*\s*\w+\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*\{/) {
4671			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4672			     "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" .
4673				$herecurr);
4674		}
4675
4676# check for sizeof(foo)/sizeof(foo[0]) that could be ARRAY_SIZE(foo)
4677		if ($line =~ m@\bsizeof\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)@) {
4678			my $array = $1;
4679			if ($line =~ m@\b(sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\)\s*/\s*sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\[\s*0\s*\]\s*\))@) {
4680				my $array_div = $1;
4681				if (WARN("ARRAY_SIZE",
4682					 "Prefer ARRAY_SIZE($array)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4683				    $fix) {
4684					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$array_div\E/ARRAY_SIZE($array)/;
4685				}
4686			}
4687		}
4688
4689# check for function declarations without arguments like "int foo()"
4690		if ($line =~ /(\b$Type\s*$Ident)\s*\(\s*\)/) {
4691			if (ERROR("FUNCTION_WITHOUT_ARGS",
4692				  "Bad function definition - $1() should probably be $1(void)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4693			    $fix) {
4694				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\b($Type)\s+($Ident))\s*\(\s*\)/$2 $3(void)/;
4695			}
4696		}
4697
4698# check for new typedefs, only function parameters and sparse annotations
4699# make sense.
4700		if ($line =~ /\btypedef\s/ &&
4701		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s*\(\s*\*?$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/ &&
4702		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s+$Ident\s*\(/ &&
4703		    $line !~ /\b$typeTypedefs\b/ &&
4704		    $line !~ /\b__bitwise\b/) {
4705			WARN("NEW_TYPEDEFS",
4706			     "do not add new typedefs\n" . $herecurr);
4707		}
4708
4709# * goes on variable not on type
4710		# (char*[ const])
4711		while ($line =~ m{(\($NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)\))}g) {
4712			#print "AA<$1>\n";
4713			my ($ident, $from, $to) = ($1, $2, $2);
4714
4715			# Should start with a space.
4716			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4717			# Should not end with a space.
4718			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4719			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4720			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4721			}
4722
4723##			print "1: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4724			if ($from ne $to) {
4725				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4726					  "\"(foo$from)\" should be \"(foo$to)\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4727				    $fix) {
4728					my $sub_from = $ident;
4729					my $sub_to = $ident;
4730					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4731					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4732					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4733				}
4734			}
4735		}
4736		while ($line =~ m{(\b$NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) {
4737			#print "BB<$1>\n";
4738			my ($match, $from, $to, $ident) = ($1, $2, $2, $3);
4739
4740			# Should start with a space.
4741			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4742			# Should not end with a space.
4743			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4744			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4745			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4746			}
4747			# Modifiers should have spaces.
4748			$to =~ s/(\b$Modifier$)/$1 /;
4749
4750##			print "2: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4751			if ($from ne $to && $ident !~ /^$Modifier$/) {
4752				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4753					  "\"foo${from}bar\" should be \"foo${to}bar\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4754				    $fix) {
4755
4756					my $sub_from = $match;
4757					my $sub_to = $match;
4758					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4759					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4760					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4761				}
4762			}
4763		}
4764
4765# do not use BUG() or variants
4766		if ($line =~ /\b(?!AA_|BUILD_|DCCP_|IDA_|KVM_|RWLOCK_|snd_|SPIN_)(?:[a-zA-Z_]*_)?BUG(?:_ON)?(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(/) {
4767			my $msg_level = \&WARN;
4768			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
4769			&{$msg_level}("AVOID_BUG",
4770				      "Do not crash the kernel unless it is absolutely unavoidable--use WARN_ON_ONCE() plus recovery code (if feasible) instead of BUG() or variants\n" . $herecurr);
4771		}
4772
4773# avoid LINUX_VERSION_CODE
4774		if ($line =~ /\bLINUX_VERSION_CODE\b/) {
4775			WARN("LINUX_VERSION_CODE",
4776			     "LINUX_VERSION_CODE should be avoided, code should be for the version to which it is merged\n" . $herecurr);
4777		}
4778
4779# check for uses of printk_ratelimit
4780		if ($line =~ /\bprintk_ratelimit\s*\(/) {
4781			WARN("PRINTK_RATELIMITED",
4782			     "Prefer printk_ratelimited or pr_<level>_ratelimited to printk_ratelimit\n" . $herecurr);
4783		}
4784
4785# printk should use KERN_* levels
4786		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*(?!KERN_[A-Z]+\b)/) {
4787			WARN("PRINTK_WITHOUT_KERN_LEVEL",
4788			     "printk() should include KERN_<LEVEL> facility level\n" . $herecurr);
4789		}
4790
4791# prefer variants of (subsystem|netdev|dev|pr)_<level> to printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4792		if ($line =~ /\b(printk(_once|_ratelimited)?)\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4793			my $printk = $1;
4794			my $modifier = $2;
4795			my $orig = $3;
4796			$modifier = "" if (!defined($modifier));
4797			my $level = lc($orig);
4798			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4799			my $level2 = $level;
4800			$level2 = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4801			$level .= $modifier;
4802			$level2 .= $modifier;
4803			WARN("PREFER_PR_LEVEL",
4804			     "Prefer [subsystem eg: netdev]_$level2([subsystem]dev, ... then dev_$level2(dev, ... then pr_$level(...  to $printk(KERN_$orig ...\n" . $herecurr);
4805		}
4806
4807# prefer dev_<level> to dev_printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4808		if ($line =~ /\bdev_printk\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4809			my $orig = $1;
4810			my $level = lc($orig);
4811			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4812			$level = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4813			WARN("PREFER_DEV_LEVEL",
4814			     "Prefer dev_$level(... to dev_printk(KERN_$orig, ...\n" . $herecurr);
4815		}
4816
4817# trace_printk should not be used in production code.
4818		if ($line =~ /\b(trace_printk|trace_puts|ftrace_vprintk)\s*\(/) {
4819			WARN("TRACE_PRINTK",
4820			     "Do not use $1() in production code (this can be ignored if built only with a debug config option)\n" . $herecurr);
4821		}
4822
4823# ENOSYS means "bad syscall nr" and nothing else.  This will have a small
4824# number of false positives, but assembly files are not checked, so at
4825# least the arch entry code will not trigger this warning.
4826		if ($line =~ /\bENOSYS\b/) {
4827			WARN("ENOSYS",
4828			     "ENOSYS means 'invalid syscall nr' and nothing else\n" . $herecurr);
4829		}
4830
4831# ENOTSUPP is not a standard error code and should be avoided in new patches.
4832# Folks usually mean EOPNOTSUPP (also called ENOTSUP), when they type ENOTSUPP.
4833# Similarly to ENOSYS warning a small number of false positives is expected.
4834		if (!$file && $line =~ /\bENOTSUPP\b/) {
4835			if (WARN("ENOTSUPP",
4836				 "ENOTSUPP is not a SUSV4 error code, prefer EOPNOTSUPP\n" . $herecurr) &&
4837			    $fix) {
4838				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bENOTSUPP\b/EOPNOTSUPP/;
4839			}
4840		}
4841
4842# function brace can't be on same line, except for #defines of do while,
4843# or if closed on same line
4844		if ($perl_version_ok &&
4845		    $sline =~ /$Type\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*\{/ &&
4846		    $sline !~ /\#\s*define\b.*do\s*\{/ &&
4847		    $sline !~ /}/) {
4848			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4849				  "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herecurr) &&
4850			    $fix) {
4851				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4852				my $fixed_line = $rawline;
4853				$fixed_line =~ /(^..*$Type\s*$Ident\(.*\)\s*)\{(.*)$/;
4854				my $line1 = $1;
4855				my $line2 = $2;
4856				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, ltrim($line1));
4857				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+{");
4858				if ($line2 !~ /^\s*$/) {
4859					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+\t" . trim($line2));
4860				}
4861			}
4862		}
4863
4864# open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line.
4865		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4866		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?\s*$/) {
4867			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4868				  "open brace '{' following $1 go on the same line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4869			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4870				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4871				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4872				my $fixedline = rtrim($prevrawline) . " {";
4873				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4874				$fixedline = $rawline;
4875				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1\t/;
4876				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
4877					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4878				}
4879			}
4880		}
4881
4882# missing space after union, struct or enum definition
4883		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2}[=\{]/) {
4884			if (WARN("SPACING",
4885				 "missing space after $1 definition\n" . $herecurr) &&
4886			    $fix) {
4887				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4888				    s/^(.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(?:enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2})([=\{])/$1 $2/;
4889			}
4890		}
4891
4892# Function pointer declarations
4893# check spacing between type, funcptr, and args
4894# canonical declaration is "type (*funcptr)(args...)"
4895		if ($line =~ /^.\s*($Declare)\((\s*)\*(\s*)($Ident)(\s*)\)(\s*)\(/) {
4896			my $declare = $1;
4897			my $pre_pointer_space = $2;
4898			my $post_pointer_space = $3;
4899			my $funcname = $4;
4900			my $post_funcname_space = $5;
4901			my $pre_args_space = $6;
4902
4903# the $Declare variable will capture all spaces after the type
4904# so check it for a missing trailing missing space but pointer return types
4905# don't need a space so don't warn for those.
4906			my $post_declare_space = "";
4907			if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) {
4908				$post_declare_space = $1;
4909				$declare = rtrim($declare);
4910			}
4911			if ($declare !~ /\*$/ && $post_declare_space =~ /^$/) {
4912				WARN("SPACING",
4913				     "missing space after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4914				$post_declare_space = " ";
4915			}
4916
4917# unnecessary space "type  (*funcptr)(args...)"
4918# This test is not currently implemented because these declarations are
4919# equivalent to
4920#	int  foo(int bar, ...)
4921# and this is form shouldn't/doesn't generate a checkpatch warning.
4922#
4923#			elsif ($declare =~ /\s{2,}$/) {
4924#				WARN("SPACING",
4925#				     "Multiple spaces after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4926#			}
4927
4928# unnecessary space "type ( *funcptr)(args...)"
4929			if (defined $pre_pointer_space &&
4930			    $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
4931				WARN("SPACING",
4932				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer open parenthesis\n" . $herecurr);
4933			}
4934
4935# unnecessary space "type (* funcptr)(args...)"
4936			if (defined $post_pointer_space &&
4937			    $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
4938				WARN("SPACING",
4939				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
4940			}
4941
4942# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr )(args...)"
4943			if (defined $post_funcname_space &&
4944			    $post_funcname_space =~ /^\s/) {
4945				WARN("SPACING",
4946				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
4947			}
4948
4949# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr) (args...)"
4950			if (defined $pre_args_space &&
4951			    $pre_args_space =~ /^\s/) {
4952				WARN("SPACING",
4953				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $herecurr);
4954			}
4955
4956			if (show_type("SPACING") && $fix) {
4957				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4958				    s/^(.\s*)$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/$1 . $declare . $post_declare_space . '(*' . $funcname . ')('/ex;
4959			}
4960		}
4961
4962# check for spacing round square brackets; allowed:
4963#  1. with a type on the left -- int [] a;
4964#  2. at the beginning of a line for slice initialisers -- [0...10] = 5,
4965#  3. inside a curly brace -- = { [0...10] = 5 }
4966		while ($line =~ /(.*?\s)\[/g) {
4967			my ($where, $prefix) = ($-[1], $1);
4968			if ($prefix !~ /$Type\s+$/ &&
4969			    ($where != 0 || $prefix !~ /^.\s+$/) &&
4970			    $prefix !~ /[{,:]\s+$/) {
4971				if (ERROR("BRACKET_SPACE",
4972					  "space prohibited before open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
4973				    $fix) {
4974				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4975					s/^(\+.*?)\s+\[/$1\[/;
4976				}
4977			}
4978		}
4979
4980# check for spaces between functions and their parentheses.
4981		while ($line =~ /($Ident)\s+\(/g) {
4982			my $name = $1;
4983			my $ctx_before = substr($line, 0, $-[1]);
4984			my $ctx = "$ctx_before$name";
4985
4986			# Ignore those directives where spaces _are_ permitted.
4987			if ($name =~ /^(?:
4988				if|for|while|switch|return|case|
4989				volatile|__volatile__|
4990				__attribute__|format|__extension__|
4991				asm|__asm__)$/x)
4992			{
4993			# cpp #define statements have non-optional spaces, ie
4994			# if there is a space between the name and the open
4995			# parenthesis it is simply not a parameter group.
4996			} elsif ($ctx_before =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$/) {
4997
4998			# cpp #elif statement condition may start with a (
4999			} elsif ($ctx =~ /^.\s*\#\s*elif\s*$/) {
5000
5001			# If this whole things ends with a type its most
5002			# likely a typedef for a function.
5003			} elsif ($ctx =~ /$Type$/) {
5004
5005			} else {
5006				if (WARN("SPACING",
5007					 "space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5008					     $fix) {
5009					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5010					    s/\b$name\s+\(/$name\(/;
5011				}
5012			}
5013		}
5014
5015# Check operator spacing.
5016		if (!($line=~/\#\s*include/)) {
5017			my $fixed_line = "";
5018			my $line_fixed = 0;
5019
5020			my $ops = qr{
5021				<<=|>>=|<=|>=|==|!=|
5022				\+=|-=|\*=|\/=|%=|\^=|\|=|&=|
5023				=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|=|!|~|
5024				&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%|
5025				\?:|\?|:
5026			}x;
5027			my @elements = split(/($ops|;)/, $opline);
5028
5029##			print("element count: <" . $#elements . ">\n");
5030##			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5031##				print("el: <$el>\n");
5032##			}
5033
5034			my @fix_elements = ();
5035			my $off = 0;
5036
5037			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5038				push(@fix_elements, substr($rawline, $off, length($el)));
5039				$off += length($el);
5040			}
5041
5042			$off = 0;
5043
5044			my $blank = copy_spacing($opline);
5045			my $last_after = -1;
5046
5047			for (my $n = 0; $n < $#elements; $n += 2) {
5048
5049				my $good = $fix_elements[$n] . $fix_elements[$n + 1];
5050
5051##				print("n: <$n> good: <$good>\n");
5052
5053				$off += length($elements[$n]);
5054
5055				# Pick up the preceding and succeeding characters.
5056				my $ca = substr($opline, 0, $off);
5057				my $cc = '';
5058				if (length($opline) >= ($off + length($elements[$n + 1]))) {
5059					$cc = substr($opline, $off + length($elements[$n + 1]));
5060				}
5061				my $cb = "$ca$;$cc";
5062
5063				my $a = '';
5064				$a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne '');
5065				$a = 'W' if ($elements[$n] =~ /\s$/);
5066				$a = 'C' if ($elements[$n] =~ /$;$/);
5067				$a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/);
5068				$a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq '');
5069				$a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/);
5070
5071				my $op = $elements[$n + 1];
5072
5073				my $c = '';
5074				if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) {
5075					$c = 'V' if ($elements[$n + 2] ne '');
5076					$c = 'W' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s/);
5077					$c = 'C' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^$;/);
5078					$c = 'B' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^(\)|\]|;)/);
5079					$c = 'O' if ($elements[$n + 2] eq '');
5080					$c = 'E' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s*\\$/);
5081				} else {
5082					$c = 'E';
5083				}
5084
5085				my $ctx = "${a}x${c}";
5086
5087				my $at = "(ctx:$ctx)";
5088
5089				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $off) . "^";
5090				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
5091
5092				# Pull out the value of this operator.
5093				my $op_type = substr($curr_values, $off + 1, 1);
5094
5095				# Get the full operator variant.
5096				my $opv = $op . substr($curr_vars, $off, 1);
5097
5098				# Ignore operators passed as parameters.
5099				if ($op_type ne 'V' &&
5100				    $ca =~ /\s$/ && $cc =~ /^\s*[,\)]/) {
5101
5102#				# Ignore comments
5103#				} elsif ($op =~ /^$;+$/) {
5104
5105				# ; should have either the end of line or a space or \ after it
5106				} elsif ($op eq ';') {
5107					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEBC]/ &&
5108					    $cc !~ /^\\/ && $cc !~ /^;/) {
5109						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5110							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5111							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5112							$line_fixed = 1;
5113						}
5114					}
5115
5116				# // is a comment
5117				} elsif ($op eq '//') {
5118
5119				#   :   when part of a bitfield
5120				} elsif ($opv eq ':B') {
5121					# skip the bitfield test for now
5122
5123				# No spaces for:
5124				#   ->
5125				} elsif ($op eq '->') {
5126					if ($ctx =~ /Wx.|.xW/) {
5127						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5128							  "spaces prohibited around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5129							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5130							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5131								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5132							}
5133							$line_fixed = 1;
5134						}
5135					}
5136
5137				# , must not have a space before and must have a space on the right.
5138				} elsif ($op eq ',') {
5139					my $rtrim_before = 0;
5140					my $space_after = 0;
5141					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./) {
5142						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5143							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5144							$line_fixed = 1;
5145							$rtrim_before = 1;
5146						}
5147					}
5148					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEC]/ && $cc !~ /^}/) {
5149						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5150							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5151							$line_fixed = 1;
5152							$last_after = $n;
5153							$space_after = 1;
5154						}
5155					}
5156					if ($rtrim_before || $space_after) {
5157						if ($rtrim_before) {
5158							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5159						} else {
5160							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5161						}
5162						if ($space_after) {
5163							$good .= " ";
5164						}
5165					}
5166
5167				# '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already.
5168				} elsif ($opv eq '*_') {
5169					#warn "'*' is part of type\n";
5170
5171				# unary operators should have a space before and
5172				# none after.  May be left adjacent to another
5173				# unary operator, or a cast
5174				} elsif ($op eq '!' || $op eq '~' ||
5175					 $opv eq '*U' || $opv eq '-U' ||
5176					 $opv eq '&U' || $opv eq '&&U') {
5177					if ($ctx !~ /[WEBC]x./ && $ca !~ /(?:\)|!|~|\*|-|\&|\||\+\+|\-\-|\{)$/) {
5178						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5179							  "space required before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5180							if ($n != $last_after + 2) {
5181								$good = $fix_elements[$n] . " " . ltrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5182								$line_fixed = 1;
5183							}
5184						}
5185					}
5186					if ($op eq '*' && $cc =~/\s*$Modifier\b/) {
5187						# A unary '*' may be const
5188
5189					} elsif ($ctx =~ /.xW/) {
5190						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5191							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5192							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5193							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5194								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5195							}
5196							$line_fixed = 1;
5197						}
5198					}
5199
5200				# unary ++ and unary -- are allowed no space on one side.
5201				} elsif ($op eq '++' or $op eq '--') {
5202					if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) {
5203						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5204							  "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5205							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5206							$line_fixed = 1;
5207						}
5208					}
5209					if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ ||
5210					    ($ctx =~ /Wx./ && $cc =~ /^;/)) {
5211						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5212							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5213							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5214							$line_fixed = 1;
5215						}
5216					}
5217					if ($ctx =~ /ExW/) {
5218						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5219							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5220							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5221							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5222								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5223							}
5224							$line_fixed = 1;
5225						}
5226					}
5227
5228				# << and >> may either have or not have spaces both sides
5229				} elsif ($op eq '<<' or $op eq '>>' or
5230					 $op eq '&' or $op eq '^' or $op eq '|' or
5231					 $op eq '+' or $op eq '-' or
5232					 $op eq '*' or $op eq '/' or
5233					 $op eq '%')
5234				{
5235					if ($check) {
5236						if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /[EW]x[EW]/) {
5237							if (CHK("SPACING",
5238								"spaces preferred around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5239								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5240								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5241								$line_fixed = 1;
5242							}
5243						} elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) {
5244							if (CHK("SPACING",
5245								"space preferred before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5246								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5247								$line_fixed = 1;
5248							}
5249						}
5250					} elsif ($ctx =~ /Wx[^WCE]|[^WCE]xW/) {
5251						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5252							  "need consistent spacing around '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5253							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5254							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5255								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5256							}
5257							$line_fixed = 1;
5258						}
5259					}
5260
5261				# A colon needs no spaces before when it is
5262				# terminating a case value or a label.
5263				} elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') {
5264					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./ and $realfile !~ m@.*\.lds\.h$@) {
5265						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5266							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5267							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5268							$line_fixed = 1;
5269						}
5270					}
5271
5272				# All the others need spaces both sides.
5273				} elsif ($ctx !~ /[EWC]x[CWE]/) {
5274					my $ok = 0;
5275
5276					# Ignore email addresses <foo@bar>
5277					if (($op eq '<' &&
5278					     $cc =~ /^\S+\@\S+>/) ||
5279					    ($op eq '>' &&
5280					     $ca =~ /<\S+\@\S+$/))
5281					{
5282						$ok = 1;
5283					}
5284
5285					# for asm volatile statements
5286					# ignore a colon with another
5287					# colon immediately before or after
5288					if (($op eq ':') &&
5289					    ($ca =~ /:$/ || $cc =~ /^:/)) {
5290						$ok = 1;
5291					}
5292
5293					# messages are ERROR, but ?: are CHK
5294					if ($ok == 0) {
5295						my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
5296						$msg_level = \&CHK if (($op eq '?:' || $op eq '?' || $op eq ':') && $ctx =~ /VxV/);
5297
5298						if (&{$msg_level}("SPACING",
5299								  "spaces required around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5300							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5301							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5302								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5303							}
5304							$line_fixed = 1;
5305						}
5306					}
5307				}
5308				$off += length($elements[$n + 1]);
5309
5310##				print("n: <$n> GOOD: <$good>\n");
5311
5312				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $good;
5313			}
5314
5315			if (($#elements % 2) == 0) {
5316				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $fix_elements[$#elements];
5317			}
5318
5319			if ($fix && $line_fixed && $fixed_line ne $fixed[$fixlinenr]) {
5320				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = $fixed_line;
5321			}
5322
5323
5324		}
5325
5326# check for whitespace before a non-naked semicolon
5327		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\S\s+;\s*$/) {
5328			if (WARN("SPACING",
5329				 "space prohibited before semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
5330			    $fix) {
5331				1 while $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5332				    s/^(\+.*\S)\s+;/$1;/;
5333			}
5334		}
5335
5336# check for multiple assignments
5337		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Lval\s*=\s*$Lval\s*=(?!=)/) {
5338			CHK("MULTIPLE_ASSIGNMENTS",
5339			    "multiple assignments should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5340		}
5341
5342## # check for multiple declarations, allowing for a function declaration
5343## # continuation.
5344## 		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Ident.*/ &&
5345## 		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident.*/) {
5346##
5347## 			# Remove any bracketed sections to ensure we do not
5348## 			# falsely report the parameters of functions.
5349## 			my $ln = $line;
5350## 			while ($ln =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g) {
5351## 			}
5352## 			if ($ln =~ /,/) {
5353## 				WARN("MULTIPLE_DECLARATION",
5354##				     "declaring multiple variables together should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5355## 			}
5356## 		}
5357
5358#need space before brace following if, while, etc
5359		if (($line =~ /\(.*\)\{/ && $line !~ /\($Type\)\{/) ||
5360		    $line =~ /\b(?:else|do)\{/) {
5361			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5362				  "space required before the open brace '{'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5363			    $fix) {
5364				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(?:do|else|\)))\{/$1 {/;
5365			}
5366		}
5367
5368## # check for blank lines before declarations
5369##		if ($line =~ /^.\t+$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=.*)?;/ &&
5370##		    $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/) {
5371##			WARN("SPACING",
5372##			     "No blank lines before declarations\n" . $hereprev);
5373##		}
5374##
5375
5376# closing brace should have a space following it when it has anything
5377# on the line
5378		if ($line =~ /}(?!(?:,|;|\)|\}))\S/) {
5379			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5380				  "space required after that close brace '}'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5381			    $fix) {
5382				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5383				    s/}((?!(?:,|;|\)))\S)/} $1/;
5384			}
5385		}
5386
5387# check spacing on square brackets
5388		if ($line =~ /\[\s/ && $line !~ /\[\s*$/) {
5389			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5390				  "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
5391			    $fix) {
5392				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5393				    s/\[\s+/\[/;
5394			}
5395		}
5396		if ($line =~ /\s\]/) {
5397			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5398				  "space prohibited before that close square bracket ']'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5399			    $fix) {
5400				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5401				    s/\s+\]/\]/;
5402			}
5403		}
5404
5405# check spacing on parentheses
5406		if ($line =~ /\(\s/ && $line !~ /\(\s*(?:\\)?$/ &&
5407		    $line !~ /for\s*\(\s+;/) {
5408			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5409				  "space prohibited after that open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5410			    $fix) {
5411				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5412				    s/\(\s+/\(/;
5413			}
5414		}
5415		if ($line =~ /(\s+)\)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\)/ &&
5416		    $line !~ /for\s*\(.*;\s+\)/ &&
5417		    $line !~ /:\s+\)/) {
5418			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5419				  "space prohibited before that close parenthesis ')'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5420			    $fix) {
5421				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5422				    s/\s+\)/\)/;
5423			}
5424		}
5425
5426# check unnecessary parentheses around addressof/dereference single $Lvals
5427# ie: &(foo->bar) should be &foo->bar and *(foo->bar) should be *foo->bar
5428
5429		while ($line =~ /(?:[^&]&\s*|\*)\(\s*($Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+)\s*\)/g) {
5430			my $var = $1;
5431			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5432				"Unnecessary parentheses around $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5433			    $fix) {
5434				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$var\E\s*\)/$var/;
5435			}
5436		}
5437
5438# check for unnecessary parentheses around function pointer uses
5439# ie: (foo->bar)(); should be foo->bar();
5440# but not "if (foo->bar) (" to avoid some false positives
5441		if ($line =~ /(\bif\s*|)(\(\s*$Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+\))[ \t]*\(/ && $1 !~ /^if/) {
5442			my $var = $2;
5443			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5444				"Unnecessary parentheses around function pointer $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5445			    $fix) {
5446				my $var2 = deparenthesize($var);
5447				$var2 =~ s/\s//g;
5448				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$var\E/$var2/;
5449			}
5450		}
5451
5452# check for unnecessary parentheses around comparisons in if uses
5453# when !drivers/staging or command-line uses --strict
5454		if (($realfile !~ m@^(?:drivers/staging/)@ || $check_orig) &&
5455		    $perl_version_ok && defined($stat) &&
5456		    $stat =~ /(^.\s*if\s*($balanced_parens))/) {
5457			my $if_stat = $1;
5458			my $test = substr($2, 1, -1);
5459			my $herectx;
5460			while ($test =~ /(?:^|[^\w\&\!\~])+\s*\(\s*([\&\!\~]?\s*$Lval\s*(?:$Compare\s*$FuncArg)?)\s*\)/g) {
5461				my $match = $1;
5462				# avoid parentheses around potential macro args
5463				next if ($match =~ /^\s*\w+\s*$/);
5464				if (!defined($herectx)) {
5465					$herectx = $here . "\n";
5466					my $cnt = statement_rawlines($if_stat);
5467					for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
5468						my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
5469						$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
5470						last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
5471					}
5472				}
5473				CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5474				    "Unnecessary parentheses around '$match'\n" . $herectx);
5475			}
5476		}
5477
5478# check that goto labels aren't indented (allow a single space indentation)
5479# and ignore bitfield definitions like foo:1
5480# Strictly, labels can have whitespace after the identifier and before the :
5481# but this is not allowed here as many ?: uses would appear to be labels
5482		if ($sline =~ /^.\s+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*:(?!\s*\d+)/ &&
5483		    $sline !~ /^. [A-Za-z\d_][A-Za-z\d_]*:/ &&
5484		    $sline !~ /^.\s+default:/) {
5485			if (WARN("INDENTED_LABEL",
5486				 "labels should not be indented\n" . $herecurr) &&
5487			    $fix) {
5488				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5489				    s/^(.)\s+/$1/;
5490			}
5491		}
5492
5493# check if a statement with a comma should be two statements like:
5494#	foo = bar(),	/* comma should be semicolon */
5495#	bar = baz();
5496		if (defined($stat) &&
5497		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*,\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*;\s*$/) {
5498			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
5499			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
5500			WARN("SUSPECT_COMMA_SEMICOLON",
5501			     "Possible comma where semicolon could be used\n" . $herectx);
5502		}
5503
5504# return is not a function
5505		if (defined($stat) && $stat =~ /^.\s*return(\s*)\(/s) {
5506			my $spacing = $1;
5507			if ($perl_version_ok &&
5508			    $stat =~ /^.\s*return\s*($balanced_parens)\s*;\s*$/) {
5509				my $value = $1;
5510				$value = deparenthesize($value);
5511				if ($value =~ m/^\s*$FuncArg\s*(?:\?|$)/) {
5512					ERROR("RETURN_PARENTHESES",
5513					      "return is not a function, parentheses are not required\n" . $herecurr);
5514				}
5515			} elsif ($spacing !~ /\s+/) {
5516				ERROR("SPACING",
5517				      "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
5518			}
5519		}
5520
5521# unnecessary return in a void function
5522# at end-of-function, with the previous line a single leading tab, then return;
5523# and the line before that not a goto label target like "out:"
5524		if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ &&
5525		    $prevline =~ /^\+\treturn\s*;\s*$/ &&
5526		    $linenr >= 3 &&
5527		    $lines[$linenr - 3] =~ /^[ +]/ &&
5528		    $lines[$linenr - 3] !~ /^[ +]\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
5529			WARN("RETURN_VOID",
5530			     "void function return statements are not generally useful\n" . $hereprev);
5531		}
5532
5533# if statements using unnecessary parentheses - ie: if ((foo == bar))
5534		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5535		    $line =~ /\bif\s*((?:\(\s*){2,})/) {
5536			my $openparens = $1;
5537			my $count = $openparens =~ tr@\(@\(@;
5538			my $msg = "";
5539			if ($line =~ /\bif\s*(?:\(\s*){$count,$count}$LvalOrFunc\s*($Compare)\s*$LvalOrFunc(?:\s*\)){$count,$count}/) {
5540				my $comp = $4;	#Not $1 because of $LvalOrFunc
5541				$msg = " - maybe == should be = ?" if ($comp eq "==");
5542				WARN("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5543				     "Unnecessary parentheses$msg\n" . $herecurr);
5544			}
5545		}
5546
5547# comparisons with a constant or upper case identifier on the left
5548#	avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz"
5549#	only fix matches surrounded by parentheses to avoid incorrect
5550#	conversions like "FOO < baz() + 5" being "misfixed" to "baz() > FOO + 5"
5551		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5552		    $line =~ /^\+(.*)\b($Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)\s*($Compare)\s*($LvalOrFunc)/) {
5553			my $lead = $1;
5554			my $const = $2;
5555			my $comp = $3;
5556			my $to = $4;
5557			my $newcomp = $comp;
5558			if ($lead !~ /(?:$Operators|\.)\s*$/ &&
5559			    $to !~ /^(?:Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)$/ &&
5560			    WARN("CONSTANT_COMPARISON",
5561				 "Comparisons should place the constant on the right side of the test\n" . $herecurr) &&
5562			    $fix) {
5563				if ($comp eq "<") {
5564					$newcomp = ">";
5565				} elsif ($comp eq "<=") {
5566					$newcomp = ">=";
5567				} elsif ($comp eq ">") {
5568					$newcomp = "<";
5569				} elsif ($comp eq ">=") {
5570					$newcomp = "<=";
5571				}
5572				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$const\E\s*$Compare\s*\Q$to\E\s*\)/($to $newcomp $const)/;
5573			}
5574		}
5575
5576# Return of what appears to be an errno should normally be negative
5577		if ($sline =~ /\breturn(?:\s*\(+\s*|\s+)(E[A-Z]+)(?:\s*\)+\s*|\s*)[;:,]/) {
5578			my $name = $1;
5579			if ($name ne 'EOF' && $name ne 'ERROR' && $name !~ /^EPOLL/) {
5580				WARN("USE_NEGATIVE_ERRNO",
5581				     "return of an errno should typically be negative (ie: return -$1)\n" . $herecurr);
5582			}
5583		}
5584
5585# Need a space before open parenthesis after if, while etc
5586		if ($line =~ /\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/) {
5587			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5588				  "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5589			    $fix) {
5590				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5591				    s/\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/$1 \(/;
5592			}
5593		}
5594
5595# Check for illegal assignment in if conditional -- and check for trailing
5596# statements after the conditional.
5597		if ($line =~ /do\s*(?!{)/) {
5598			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
5599				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
5600					if (!defined $stat);
5601			my ($stat_next) = ctx_statement_block($line_nr_next,
5602						$remain_next, $off_next);
5603			$stat_next =~ s/\n./\n /g;
5604			##print "stat<$stat> stat_next<$stat_next>\n";
5605
5606			if ($stat_next =~ /^\s*while\b/) {
5607				# If the statement carries leading newlines,
5608				# then count those as offsets.
5609				my ($whitespace) =
5610					($stat_next =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
5611				my $offset =
5612					statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
5613
5614				$suppress_whiletrailers{$line_nr_next +
5615								$offset} = 1;
5616			}
5617		}
5618		if (!defined $suppress_whiletrailers{$linenr} &&
5619		    defined($stat) && defined($cond) &&
5620		    $line =~ /\b(?:if|while|for)\s*\(/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/) {
5621			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
5622			my $fixed_assign_in_if = 0;
5623
5624			if ($c =~ /\bif\s*\(.*[^<>!=]=[^=].*/s) {
5625				if (ERROR("ASSIGN_IN_IF",
5626					  "do not use assignment in if condition\n" . $herecurr) &&
5627				    $fix && $perl_version_ok) {
5628					if ($rawline =~ /^\+(\s+)if\s*\(\s*(\!)?\s*\(\s*(($Lval)\s*=\s*$LvalOrFunc)\s*\)\s*(?:($Compare)\s*($FuncArg))?\s*\)\s*(\{)?\s*$/) {
5629						my $space = $1;
5630						my $not = $2;
5631						my $statement = $3;
5632						my $assigned = $4;
5633						my $test = $8;
5634						my $against = $9;
5635						my $brace = $15;
5636						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5637						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "$space$statement;");
5638						my $newline = "${space}if (";
5639						$newline .= '!' if defined($not);
5640						$newline .= '(' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5641						$newline .= "$assigned";
5642						$newline .= " $test $against" if (defined($test) && defined($against));
5643						$newline .= ')' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5644						$newline .= ')';
5645						$newline .= " {" if (defined($brace));
5646						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, $newline);
5647						$fixed_assign_in_if = 1;
5648					}
5649				}
5650			}
5651
5652			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5653			# conditional.
5654			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5655			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5656			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5657			if (length($c) && $s !~ /^\s*{?\s*\\*\s*$/ &&
5658			    $c !~ /}\s*while\s*/)
5659			{
5660				# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
5661				my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
5662				my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
5663				my $stat_real = '';
5664
5665				$stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines)
5666							. "\n" if ($cond_lines);
5667				if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
5668					$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
5669				}
5670
5671				if (ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5672					  "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr . $stat_real) &&
5673				    !$fixed_assign_in_if &&
5674				    $cond_lines == 0 &&
5675				    $fix && $perl_version_ok &&
5676				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ /^\+(\s*)((?:if|while|for)\s*$balanced_parens)\s*(.*)$/) {
5677					my $indent = $1;
5678					my $test = $2;
5679					my $rest = rtrim($4);
5680					if ($rest =~ /;$/) {
5681						$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+$indent$test";
5682						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, "$indent\t$rest");
5683					}
5684				}
5685			}
5686		}
5687
5688# Check for bitwise tests written as boolean
5689		if ($line =~ /
5690			(?:
5691				(?:\[|\(|\&\&|\|\|)
5692				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5693				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5694			|
5695				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5696				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5697				(?:\&\&|\|\||\)|\])
5698			)/x)
5699		{
5700			WARN("HEXADECIMAL_BOOLEAN_TEST",
5701			     "boolean test with hexadecimal, perhaps just 1 \& or \|?\n" . $herecurr);
5702		}
5703
5704# if and else should not have general statements after it
5705		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:}\s*)?else\b(.*)/) {
5706			my $s = $1;
5707			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5708			if ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\sif|(?:{|)\s*\\?\s*$)/) {
5709				ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5710				      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5711			}
5712		}
5713# if should not continue a brace
5714		if ($line =~ /}\s*if\b/) {
5715			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5716			      "trailing statements should be on next line (or did you mean 'else if'?)\n" .
5717				$herecurr);
5718		}
5719# case and default should not have general statements after them
5720		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:case\s*.*|default\s*):/g &&
5721		    $line !~ /\G(?:
5722			(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*{)?(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*\\)?\s*$|
5723			\s*return\s+
5724		    )/xg)
5725		{
5726			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5727			      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5728		}
5729
5730		# Check for }<nl>else {, these must be at the same
5731		# indent level to be relevant to each other.
5732		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*else\s*/ &&
5733		    $previndent == $indent) {
5734			if (ERROR("ELSE_AFTER_BRACE",
5735				  "else should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5736			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5737				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5738				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5739				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5740				$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$//;
5741				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
5742					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5743				}
5744				$fixedline = $rawline;
5745				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)else/$1} else/;
5746				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5747			}
5748		}
5749
5750		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*while\s*/ &&
5751		    $previndent == $indent) {
5752			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5753
5754			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5755			# conditional.
5756			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5757			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5758
5759			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
5760				if (ERROR("WHILE_AFTER_BRACE",
5761					  "while should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5762				    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5763					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5764					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5765					my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5766					my $trailing = $rawline;
5767					$trailing =~ s/^\+//;
5768					$trailing = trim($trailing);
5769					$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$/} $trailing/;
5770					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5771				}
5772			}
5773		}
5774
5775#Specific variable tests
5776		while ($line =~ m{($Constant|$Lval)}g) {
5777			my $var = $1;
5778
5779#CamelCase
5780			if ($var !~ /^$Constant$/ &&
5781			    $var =~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/ &&
5782#Ignore some autogenerated defines and enum values
5783			    $var !~ /^(?:[A-Z]+_){1,5}[A-Z]{1,3}[a-z]/ &&
5784#Ignore Page<foo> variants
5785			    $var !~ /^(?:Clear|Set|TestClear|TestSet|)Page[A-Z]/ &&
 
 
5786#Ignore SI style variants like nS, mV and dB
5787#(ie: max_uV, regulator_min_uA_show, RANGE_mA_VALUE)
5788			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z0-9_]*|[A-Z0-9_]*)?_?[a-z][A-Z](?:_[a-z0-9_]+|_[A-Z0-9_]+)?$/ &&
5789#Ignore some three character SI units explicitly, like MiB and KHz
5790			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z_]*?)_?(?:[KMGT]iB|[KMGT]?Hz)(?:_[a-z_]+)?$/) {
5791				while ($var =~ m{\b($Ident)}g) {
5792					my $word = $1;
5793					next if ($word !~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/);
5794					if ($check) {
5795						seed_camelcase_includes();
5796						if (!$file && !$camelcase_file_seeded) {
5797							seed_camelcase_file($realfile);
5798							$camelcase_file_seeded = 1;
5799						}
5800					}
5801					if (!defined $camelcase{$word}) {
5802						$camelcase{$word} = 1;
5803						CHK("CAMELCASE",
5804						    "Avoid CamelCase: <$word>\n" . $herecurr);
5805					}
5806				}
5807			}
5808		}
5809
5810#no spaces allowed after \ in define
5811		if ($line =~ /\#\s*define.*\\\s+$/) {
5812			if (WARN("WHITESPACE_AFTER_LINE_CONTINUATION",
5813				 "Whitespace after \\ makes next lines useless\n" . $herecurr) &&
5814			    $fix) {
5815				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
5816			}
5817		}
5818
5819# warn if <asm/foo.h> is #included and <linux/foo.h> is available and includes
5820# itself <asm/foo.h> (uses RAW line)
5821		if ($tree && $rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s*\<asm\/(.*)\.h\>}) {
5822			my $file = "$1.h";
5823			my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file";
5824			if (-f "$root/$checkfile" &&
5825			    $realfile ne $checkfile &&
5826			    $1 !~ /$allowed_asm_includes/)
5827			{
5828				my $asminclude = `grep -Ec "#include\\s+<asm/$file>" $root/$checkfile`;
5829				if ($asminclude > 0) {
5830					if ($realfile =~ m{^arch/}) {
5831						CHK("ARCH_INCLUDE_LINUX",
5832						    "Consider using #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5833					} else {
5834						WARN("INCLUDE_LINUX",
5835						     "Use #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5836					}
5837				}
5838			}
5839		}
5840
5841# multi-statement macros should be enclosed in a do while loop, grab the
5842# first statement and ensure its the whole macro if its not enclosed
5843# in a known good container
5844		if ($realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
5845		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$Ident(\()?/) {
5846			my $ln = $linenr;
5847			my $cnt = $realcnt;
5848			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
5849			my $ctx = '';
5850			my $has_flow_statement = 0;
5851			my $has_arg_concat = 0;
5852			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
5853				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5854			$ctx = $dstat;
5855			#print "dstat<$dstat> dcond<$dcond> cnt<$cnt> off<$off>\n";
5856			#print "LINE<$lines[$ln-1]> len<" . length($lines[$ln-1]) . "\n";
5857
5858			$has_flow_statement = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\b(goto|return)\b/);
5859			$has_arg_concat = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\#\#/ && $ctx !~ /\#\#\s*(?:__VA_ARGS__|args)\b/);
5860
5861			$dstat =~ s/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\([^\)]*\))?\s*//;
5862			my $define_args = $1;
5863			my $define_stmt = $dstat;
5864			my @def_args = ();
5865
5866			if (defined $define_args && $define_args ne "") {
5867				$define_args = substr($define_args, 1, length($define_args) - 2);
5868				$define_args =~ s/\s*//g;
5869				$define_args =~ s/\\\+?//g;
5870				@def_args = split(",", $define_args);
5871			}
5872
5873			$dstat =~ s/$;//g;
5874			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
5875			$dstat =~ s/^\s*//s;
5876			$dstat =~ s/\s*$//s;
5877
5878			# Flatten any parentheses and braces
5879			while ($dstat =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)/1u/ ||
5880			       $dstat =~ s/\{[^\{\}]*\}/1u/ ||
5881			       $dstat =~ s/.\[[^\[\]]*\]/1u/)
5882			{
5883			}
5884
5885			# Flatten any obvious string concatenation.
5886			while ($dstat =~ s/($String)\s*$Ident/$1/ ||
5887			       $dstat =~ s/$Ident\s*($String)/$1/)
5888			{
5889			}
5890
5891			# Make asm volatile uses seem like a generic function
5892			$dstat =~ s/\b_*asm_*\s+_*volatile_*\b/asm_volatile/g;
5893
5894			my $exceptions = qr{
5895				$Declare|
5896				module_param_named|
5897				MODULE_PARM_DESC|
5898				DECLARE_PER_CPU|
5899				DEFINE_PER_CPU|
5900				__typeof__\(|
5901				union|
5902				struct|
5903				\.$Ident\s*=\s*|
5904				^\"|\"$|
5905				^\[
5906			}x;
5907			#print "REST<$rest> dstat<$dstat> ctx<$ctx>\n";
5908
5909			$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
5910			my $stmt_cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
5911			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $stmt_cnt, $here);
5912
5913			if ($dstat ne '' &&
5914			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant),$/ &&			# 10, // foo(),
5915			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant);$/ &&			# foo();
5916			    $dstat !~ /^[!~-]?(?:$Lval|$Constant)$/ &&		# 10 // foo() // !foo // ~foo // -foo // foo->bar // foo.bar->baz
5917			    $dstat !~ /^'X'$/ && $dstat !~ /^'XX'$/ &&			# character constants
5918			    $dstat !~ /$exceptions/ &&
5919			    $dstat !~ /^\.$Ident\s*=/ &&				# .foo =
5920			    $dstat !~ /^(?:\#\s*$Ident|\#\s*$Constant)\s*$/ &&		# stringification #foo
5921			    $dstat !~ /^case\b/ &&					# case ...
5922			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*$Constant\s*while\s*$Constant;?$/ &&	# do {...} while (...); // do {...} while (...)
5923			    $dstat !~ /^while\s*$Constant\s*$Constant\s*$/ &&		# while (...) {...}
5924			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant$/ &&				# for (...)
5925			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)$/ &&	# for (...) bar()
5926			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*{/ &&					# do {...
5927			    $dstat !~ /^\(\{/ &&						# ({...
5928			    $ctx !~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s+TRACE_(?:SYSTEM|INCLUDE_FILE|INCLUDE_PATH)\b/)
5929			{
5930				if ($dstat =~ /^\s*if\b/) {
5931					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
5932					      "Macros starting with if should be enclosed by a do - while loop to avoid possible if/else logic defects\n" . "$herectx");
5933				} elsif ($dstat =~ /;/) {
5934					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
5935					      "Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while loop\n" . "$herectx");
5936				} else {
5937					ERROR("COMPLEX_MACRO",
5938					      "Macros with complex values should be enclosed in parentheses\n" . "$herectx");
5939				}
5940
5941			}
5942
5943			# Make $define_stmt single line, comment-free, etc
5944			my @stmt_array = split('\n', $define_stmt);
5945			my $first = 1;
5946			$define_stmt = "";
5947			foreach my $l (@stmt_array) {
5948				$l =~ s/\\$//;
5949				if ($first) {
5950					$define_stmt = $l;
5951					$first = 0;
5952				} elsif ($l =~ /^[\+ ]/) {
5953					$define_stmt .= substr($l, 1);
5954				}
5955			}
5956			$define_stmt =~ s/$;//g;
5957			$define_stmt =~ s/\s+/ /g;
5958			$define_stmt = trim($define_stmt);
5959
5960# check if any macro arguments are reused (ignore '...' and 'type')
5961			foreach my $arg (@def_args) {
5962			        next if ($arg =~ /\.\.\./);
5963			        next if ($arg =~ /^type$/i);
5964				my $tmp_stmt = $define_stmt;
5965				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b(__must_be_array|offsetof|sizeof|sizeof_field|__stringify|typeof|__typeof__|__builtin\w+|typecheck\s*\(\s*$Type\s*,|\#+)\s*\(*\s*$arg\s*\)*\b//g;
5966				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\#+\s*$arg\b//g;
5967				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b$arg\s*\#\#//g;
5968				my $use_cnt = () = $tmp_stmt =~ /\b$arg\b/g;
5969				if ($use_cnt > 1) {
5970					CHK("MACRO_ARG_REUSE",
5971					    "Macro argument reuse '$arg' - possible side-effects?\n" . "$herectx");
5972				    }
5973# check if any macro arguments may have other precedence issues
5974				if ($tmp_stmt =~ m/($Operators)?\s*\b$arg\b\s*($Operators)?/m &&
5975				    ((defined($1) && $1 ne ',') ||
5976				     (defined($2) && $2 ne ','))) {
5977					CHK("MACRO_ARG_PRECEDENCE",
5978					    "Macro argument '$arg' may be better as '($arg)' to avoid precedence issues\n" . "$herectx");
5979				}
 
 
 
 
 
 
5980			}
5981
5982# check for macros with flow control, but without ## concatenation
5983# ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those
5984			if ($has_flow_statement && !$has_arg_concat) {
5985				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
5986				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
5987
5988				WARN("MACRO_WITH_FLOW_CONTROL",
5989				     "Macros with flow control statements should be avoided\n" . "$herectx");
5990			}
5991
5992# check for line continuations outside of #defines, preprocessor #, and asm
5993
 
 
 
5994		} else {
5995			if ($prevline !~ /^..*\\$/ &&
5996			    $line !~ /^\+\s*\#.*\\$/ &&		# preprocessor
5997			    $line !~ /^\+.*\b(__asm__|asm)\b.*\\$/ &&	# asm
5998			    $line =~ /^\+.*\\$/) {
5999				WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6000				     "Avoid unnecessary line continuations\n" . $herecurr);
6001			}
6002		}
6003
6004# do {} while (0) macro tests:
6005# single-statement macros do not need to be enclosed in do while (0) loop,
6006# macro should not end with a semicolon
6007		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6008		    $realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
6009		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\()?/) {
6010			my $ln = $linenr;
6011			my $cnt = $realcnt;
6012			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
6013			my $ctx = '';
6014			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
6015				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
6016			$ctx = $dstat;
6017
6018			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
6019			$dstat =~ s/$;/ /g;
6020
6021			if ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident\s*${balanced_parens}\s*do\s*{(.*)\s*}\s*while\s*\(\s*0\s*\)\s*([;\s]*)\s*$/) {
6022				my $stmts = $2;
6023				my $semis = $3;
6024
6025				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6026				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6027				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6028
6029				if (($stmts =~ tr/;/;/) == 1 &&
6030				    $stmts !~ /^\s*(if|while|for|switch)\b/) {
6031					WARN("SINGLE_STATEMENT_DO_WHILE_MACRO",
6032					     "Single statement macros should not use a do {} while (0) loop\n" . "$herectx");
6033				}
6034				if (defined $semis && $semis ne "") {
6035					WARN("DO_WHILE_MACRO_WITH_TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6036					     "do {} while (0) macros should not be semicolon terminated\n" . "$herectx");
6037				}
6038			} elsif ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident.*;\s*$/) {
6039				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6040				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6041				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6042
6043				WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6044				     "macros should not use a trailing semicolon\n" . "$herectx");
6045			}
6046		}
6047
6048# check for redundant bracing round if etc
6049		if ($line =~ /(^.*)\bif\b/ && $1 !~ /else\s*$/) {
6050			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6051				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1);
6052			#print "chunks<$#chunks> linenr<$linenr> endln<$endln> level<$level>\n";
6053			#print "APW: <<$chunks[1][0]>><<$chunks[1][1]>>\n";
6054			if ($#chunks > 0 && $level == 0) {
6055				my @allowed = ();
6056				my $allow = 0;
6057				my $seen = 0;
6058				my $herectx = $here . "\n";
6059				my $ln = $linenr - 1;
6060				for my $chunk (@chunks) {
6061					my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunk};
6062
6063					# If the condition carries leading newlines, then count those as offsets.
6064					my ($whitespace) = ($cond =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
6065					my $offset = statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
6066
6067					$allowed[$allow] = 0;
6068					#print "COND<$cond> whitespace<$whitespace> offset<$offset>\n";
6069
6070					# We have looked at and allowed this specific line.
6071					$suppress_ifbraces{$ln + $offset} = 1;
6072
6073					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$ln + $offset]\n[...]\n";
6074					$ln += statement_rawlines($block) - 1;
6075
6076					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6077
6078					$seen++ if ($block =~ /^\s*{/);
6079
6080					#print "cond<$cond> block<$block> allowed<$allowed[$allow]>\n";
6081					if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6082						#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6083						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6084					}
6085					if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6086						#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6087						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6088					}
6089					if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6090						#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6091						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6092					}
6093					$allow++;
6094				}
6095				if ($seen) {
6096					my $sum_allowed = 0;
6097					foreach (@allowed) {
6098						$sum_allowed += $_;
6099					}
6100					if ($sum_allowed == 0) {
6101						WARN("BRACES",
6102						     "braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6103					} elsif ($sum_allowed != $allow &&
6104						 $seen != $allow) {
6105						CHK("BRACES",
6106						    "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6107					}
6108				}
6109			}
6110		}
6111		if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} &&
6112					$line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) {
6113			my $allowed = 0;
6114
6115			# Check the pre-context.
6116			if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) {
6117				#print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n";
6118				$allowed = 1;
6119			}
6120
6121			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6122				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]);
6123
6124			# Check the condition.
6125			my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]};
6126			#print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n";
6127			if (defined $cond) {
6128				substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6129			}
6130			if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6131				#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6132				$allowed = 1;
6133			}
6134			if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6135				#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6136				$allowed = 1;
6137			}
6138			if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6139				#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6140				$allowed = 1;
6141			}
6142			# Check the post-context.
6143			if (defined $chunks[1]) {
6144				my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]};
6145				if (defined $cond) {
6146					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6147				}
6148				if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) {
6149					#print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n";
6150					$allowed = 1;
6151				}
6152			}
6153			if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) {
6154				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block);
6155				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6156
6157				WARN("BRACES",
6158				     "braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx);
6159			}
6160		}
6161
6162# check for single line unbalanced braces
6163		if ($sline =~ /^.\s*\}\s*else\s*$/ ||
6164		    $sline =~ /^.\s*else\s*\{\s*$/) {
6165			CHK("BRACES", "Unbalanced braces around else statement\n" . $herecurr);
6166		}
6167
6168# check for unnecessary blank lines around braces
6169		if (($line =~ /^.\s*}\s*$/ && $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/)) {
6170			if (CHK("BRACES",
6171				"Blank lines aren't necessary before a close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6172			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
6173				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6174			}
6175		}
6176		if (($rawline =~ /^.\s*$/ && $prevline =~ /^..*{\s*$/)) {
6177			if (CHK("BRACES",
6178				"Blank lines aren't necessary after an open brace '{'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6179			    $fix) {
6180				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6181			}
6182		}
6183
6184# no volatiles please
6185		my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b};
6186		if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) {
6187			WARN("VOLATILE",
6188			     "Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6189		}
6190
6191# Check for user-visible strings broken across lines, which breaks the ability
6192# to grep for the string.  Make exceptions when the previous string ends in a
6193# newline (multiple lines in one string constant) or '\t', '\r', ';', or '{'
6194# (common in inline assembly) or is a octal \123 or hexadecimal \xaf value
6195		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String/ &&
6196		    $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ &&
6197		    $prevrawline !~ /(?:\\(?:[ntr]|[0-7]{1,3}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})|;\s*|\{\s*)"\s*$/) {
6198			if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING",
6199				 "quoted string split across lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
6200				     $fix &&
6201				     $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*"\s*$/ &&
6202				     $last_coalesced_string_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
6203				my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6204				my $comma_close = "";
6205				if ($rawline =~ /\Q$extracted_string\E(\s*\)\s*;\s*$|\s*,\s*)/) {
6206					$comma_close = $1;
6207				}
6208
6209				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6210				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6211				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
6212				$fixedline =~ s/"\s*$//;
6213				$fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . trim($comma_close);
6214				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr - 1, $fixedline);
6215				$fixedline = $rawline;
6216				$fixedline =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\Q$comma_close\E//;
6217				if ($fixedline !~ /\+\s*$/) {
6218					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
6219				}
6220				$last_coalesced_string_linenr = $linenr;
6221			}
6222		}
6223
6224# check for missing a space in a string concatenation
6225		if ($prevrawline =~ /[^\\]\w"$/ && $rawline =~ /^\+[\t ]+"\w/) {
6226			WARN('MISSING_SPACE',
6227			     "break quoted strings at a space character\n" . $hereprev);
6228		}
6229
6230# check for an embedded function name in a string when the function is known
6231# This does not work very well for -f --file checking as it depends on patch
6232# context providing the function name or a single line form for in-file
6233# function declarations
6234		if ($line =~ /^\+.*$String/ &&
6235		    defined($context_function) &&
6236		    get_quoted_string($line, $rawline) =~ /\b$context_function\b/ &&
6237		    length(get_quoted_string($line, $rawline)) != (length($context_function) + 2)) {
6238			WARN("EMBEDDED_FUNCTION_NAME",
6239			     "Prefer using '\"%s...\", __func__' to using '$context_function', this function's name, in a string\n" . $herecurr);
6240		}
6241
6242# check for unnecessary function tracing like uses
6243# This does not use $logFunctions because there are many instances like
6244# 'dprintk(FOO, "%s()\n", __func__);' which do not match $logFunctions
6245		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\([^"]*"$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}%s(?:\s*\(\s*\)\s*)?$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}(?:\\n)?"\s*,\s*__func__\s*\)\s*;/) {
6246			if (WARN("TRACING_LOGGING",
6247				 "Unnecessary ftrace-like logging - prefer using ftrace\n" . $herecurr) &&
6248			    $fix) {
6249                                fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6250			}
6251		}
6252
6253# check for spaces before a quoted newline
6254		if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) {
6255			if (WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE",
6256				 "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
6257			    $fix) {
6258				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*\".*)\s+\\n/$1\\n/;
6259			}
6260
6261		}
6262
6263# concatenated string without spaces between elements
6264		if ($line =~ /$String[A-Z_]/ ||
6265		    ($line =~ /([A-Za-z0-9_]+)$String/ && $1 !~ /^[Lu]$/)) {
6266			if (CHK("CONCATENATED_STRING",
6267				"Concatenated strings should use spaces between elements\n" . $herecurr) &&
6268			    $fix) {
6269				while ($line =~ /($String)/g) {
6270					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6271					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E([A-Za-z0-9_])/$extracted_string $1/;
6272					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/([A-Za-z0-9_])\Q$extracted_string\E/$1 $extracted_string/;
6273				}
6274			}
6275		}
6276
6277# uncoalesced string fragments
6278		if ($line =~ /$String\s*[Lu]?"/) {
6279			if (WARN("STRING_FRAGMENTS",
6280				 "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . $herecurr) &&
6281			    $fix) {
6282				while ($line =~ /($String)(?=\s*")/g) {
6283					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6284					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\s*"/substr($extracted_string, 0, -1)/e;
6285				}
6286			}
6287		}
6288
6289# check for non-standard and hex prefixed decimal printf formats
6290		my $show_L = 1;	#don't show the same defect twice
6291		my $show_Z = 1;
6292		while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) {
6293			my $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]);
6294			$string =~ s/%%/__/g;
6295			# check for %L
6296			if ($show_L && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*L([diouxX])/) {
6297				WARN("PRINTF_L",
6298				     "\%L$1 is non-standard C, use %ll$1\n" . $herecurr);
6299				$show_L = 0;
6300			}
6301			# check for %Z
6302			if ($show_Z && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*Z([diouxX])/) {
6303				WARN("PRINTF_Z",
6304				     "%Z$1 is non-standard C, use %z$1\n" . $herecurr);
6305				$show_Z = 0;
6306			}
6307			# check for 0x<decimal>
6308			if ($string =~ /0x%[\*\d\.\$\Llzth]*[diou]/) {
6309				ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL",
6310				      "Prefixing 0x with decimal output is defective\n" . $herecurr);
6311			}
6312		}
6313
6314# check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of "
6315		if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $sline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) {
6316			WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6317			     "Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr);
6318		}
6319
6320# warn about #if 0
6321		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) {
6322			WARN("IF_0",
6323			     "Consider removing the code enclosed by this #if 0 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6324		}
6325
6326# warn about #if 1
6327		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+1\b/) {
6328			WARN("IF_1",
6329			     "Consider removing the #if 1 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6330		}
6331
6332# check for needless "if (<foo>) fn(<foo>)" uses
6333		if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)/) {
6334			my $tested = quotemeta($1);
6335			my $expr = '\s*\(\s*' . $tested . '\s*\)\s*;';
6336			if ($line =~ /\b(kfree|usb_free_urb|debugfs_remove(?:_recursive)?|(?:kmem_cache|mempool|dma_pool)_destroy)$expr/) {
6337				my $func = $1;
6338				if (WARN('NEEDLESS_IF',
6339					 "$func(NULL) is safe and this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev) &&
6340				    $fix) {
6341					my $do_fix = 1;
6342					my $leading_tabs = "";
6343					my $new_leading_tabs = "";
6344					if ($lines[$linenr - 2] =~ /^\+(\t*)if\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*$/) {
6345						$leading_tabs = $1;
6346					} else {
6347						$do_fix = 0;
6348					}
6349					if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6350						$new_leading_tabs = $1;
6351						if (length($leading_tabs) + 1 ne length($new_leading_tabs)) {
6352							$do_fix = 0;
6353						}
6354					} else {
6355						$do_fix = 0;
6356					}
6357					if ($do_fix) {
6358						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6359						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+$new_leading_tabs/\+$leading_tabs/;
6360					}
6361				}
6362			}
6363		}
6364
6365# check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages
6366		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6367		    $prevline =~ /^[ \+]\s*if\s*\(\s*(\!\s*|NULL\s*==\s*)?($Lval)(\s*==\s*NULL\s*)?\s*\)/ &&
6368		    (defined $1 || defined $3) &&
6369		    $linenr > 3) {
6370			my $testval = $2;
6371			my $testline = $lines[$linenr - 3];
6372
6373			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0);
6374#			print("line: <$line>\nprevline: <$prevline>\ns: <$s>\nc: <$c>\n\n\n");
6375
6376			if ($s =~ /(?:^|\n)[ \+]\s*(?:$Type\s*)?\Q$testval\E\s*=\s*(?:\([^\)]*\)\s*)?\s*$allocFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6377			    $s !~ /\b__GFP_NOWARN\b/ ) {
6378				WARN("OOM_MESSAGE",
6379				     "Possible unnecessary 'out of memory' message\n" . $hereprev);
6380			}
6381		}
6382
6383# check for logging functions with KERN_<LEVEL>
6384		if ($line !~ /printk(?:_ratelimited|_once)?\s*\(/ &&
6385		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(.*\b(KERN_[A-Z]+)\b/) {
6386			my $level = $1;
6387			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_KERN_LEVEL",
6388				 "Possible unnecessary $level\n" . $herecurr) &&
6389			    $fix) {
6390				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s*$level\s*//;
6391			}
6392		}
6393
6394# check for logging continuations
6395		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_CONT\b|\bpr_cont\s*\(/) {
6396			WARN("LOGGING_CONTINUATION",
6397			     "Avoid logging continuation uses where feasible\n" . $herecurr);
6398		}
6399
6400# check for unnecessary use of %h[xudi] and %hh[xudi] in logging functions
6401		if (defined $stat &&
6402		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6403		    index($stat, '"') >= 0) {
6404			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6405			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6406			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6407			pos($stat_real) = index($stat_real, '"');
6408			while ($stat_real =~ /[^\"%]*(%[\#\d\.\*\-]*(h+)[idux])/g) {
6409				my $pspec = $1;
6410				my $h = $2;
6411				my $lineoff = substr($stat_real, 0, $-[1]) =~ tr@\n@@;
6412				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_MODIFIER",
6413					 "Integer promotion: Using '$h' in '$pspec' is unnecessary\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n") &&
6414				    $fix && $fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ /^\+/) {
6415					my $nspec = $pspec;
6416					$nspec =~ s/h//g;
6417					$fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ s/\Q$pspec\E/$nspec/;
6418				}
6419			}
6420		}
6421
6422# check for mask then right shift without a parentheses
6423		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6424		    $line =~ /$LvalOrFunc\s*\&\s*($LvalOrFunc)\s*>>/ &&
6425		    $4 !~ /^\&/) { # $LvalOrFunc may be &foo, ignore if so
6426			WARN("MASK_THEN_SHIFT",
6427			     "Possible precedence defect with mask then right shift - may need parentheses\n" . $herecurr);
6428		}
6429
6430# check for pointer comparisons to NULL
6431		if ($perl_version_ok) {
6432			while ($line =~ /\b$LvalOrFunc\s*(==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/g) {
6433				my $val = $1;
6434				my $equal = "!";
6435				$equal = "" if ($4 eq "!=");
6436				if (CHK("COMPARISON_TO_NULL",
6437					"Comparison to NULL could be written \"${equal}${val}\"\n" . $herecurr) &&
6438					    $fix) {
6439					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$val\E\s*(?:==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/$equal$val/;
6440				}
6441			}
6442		}
6443
6444# check for bad placement of section $InitAttribute (e.g.: __initdata)
6445		if ($line =~ /(\b$InitAttribute\b)/) {
6446			my $attr = $1;
6447			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*static\s+(?:const\s+)?(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*[=;]/) {
6448				my $ptr = $1;
6449				my $var = $2;
6450				if ((($ptr =~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6451				      ERROR("MISPLACED_INIT",
6452					    "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr)) ||
6453				     ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6454				      WARN("MISPLACED_INIT",
6455					   "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr))) &&
6456				    $fix) {
6457					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s+(?:const\s+)?)(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*([=;])\s*/"$1" . trim(string_find_replace($2, "\\s*$attr\\s*", " ")) . " " . trim(string_find_replace($3, "\\s*$attr\\s*", "")) . " $attr" . ("$4" eq ";" ? ";" : " = ")/e;
6458				}
6459			}
6460		}
6461
6462# check for $InitAttributeData (ie: __initdata) with const
6463		if ($line =~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeData)/) {
6464			my $attr = $1;
6465			$attr =~ /($InitAttributePrefix)(.*)/;
6466			my $attr_prefix = $1;
6467			my $attr_type = $2;
6468			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6469				  "Use of const init definition must use ${attr_prefix}initconst\n" . $herecurr) &&
6470			    $fix) {
6471				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6472				    s/$InitAttributeData/${attr_prefix}initconst/;
6473			}
6474		}
6475
6476# check for $InitAttributeConst (ie: __initconst) without const
6477		if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeConst)/) {
6478			my $attr = $1;
6479			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6480				  "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . $herecurr) &&
6481			    $fix) {
6482				my $lead = $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6483				    /(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/;
6484				$lead = rtrim($1);
6485				$lead = "$lead " if ($lead !~ /^\+$/);
6486				$lead = "${lead}const ";
6487				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/$lead/;
6488			}
6489		}
6490
6491# check for __read_mostly with const non-pointer (should just be const)
6492		if ($line =~ /\b__read_mostly\b/ &&
6493		    $line =~ /($Type)\s*$Ident/ && $1 !~ /\*\s*$/ && $1 =~ /\bconst\b/) {
6494			if (ERROR("CONST_READ_MOSTLY",
6495				  "Invalid use of __read_mostly with const type\n" . $herecurr) &&
6496			    $fix) {
6497				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+__read_mostly\b//;
6498			}
6499		}
6500
6501# don't use __constant_<foo> functions outside of include/uapi/
6502		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
6503		    $line =~ /(__constant_(?:htons|ntohs|[bl]e(?:16|32|64)_to_cpu|cpu_to_[bl]e(?:16|32|64)))\s*\(/) {
6504			my $constant_func = $1;
6505			my $func = $constant_func;
6506			$func =~ s/^__constant_//;
6507			if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION",
6508				 "$constant_func should be $func\n" . $herecurr) &&
6509			    $fix) {
6510				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g;
6511			}
6512		}
6513
6514# prefer usleep_range over udelay
6515		if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/) {
6516			my $delay = $1;
6517			# ignore udelay's < 10, however
6518			if (! ($delay < 10) ) {
6519				CHK("USLEEP_RANGE",
6520				    "usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6521			}
6522			if ($delay > 2000) {
6523				WARN("LONG_UDELAY",
6524				     "long udelay - prefer mdelay; see arch/arm/include/asm/delay.h\n" . $herecurr);
6525			}
6526		}
6527
6528# warn about unexpectedly long msleep's
6529		if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) {
6530			if ($1 < 20) {
6531				WARN("MSLEEP",
6532				     "msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6533			}
6534		}
6535
6536# check for comparisons of jiffies
6537		if ($line =~ /\bjiffies\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*jiffies\b/) {
6538			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6539			     "Comparing jiffies is almost always wrong; prefer time_after, time_before and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6540		}
6541
6542# check for comparisons of get_jiffies_64()
6543		if ($line =~ /\bget_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*get_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)/) {
6544			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6545			     "Comparing get_jiffies_64() is almost always wrong; prefer time_after64, time_before64 and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6546		}
6547
6548# warn about #ifdefs in C files
6549#		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {
6550#			print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";
6551#			print "$herecurr";
6552#			$clean = 0;
6553#		}
6554
6555# warn about spacing in #ifdefs
6556		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) {
6557			if (ERROR("SPACING",
6558				  "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6559			    $fix) {
6560				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6561				    s/^(.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif))\s{2,}/$1 /;
6562			}
6563
6564		}
6565
6566# check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment.
6567		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ ||
6568		    $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
6569			my $which = $1;
6570			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6571				CHK("UNCOMMENTED_DEFINITION",
6572				    "$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6573			}
6574		}
6575# check for memory barriers without a comment.
6576
6577		my $barriers = qr{
6578			mb|
6579			rmb|
6580			wmb
6581		}x;
6582		my $barrier_stems = qr{
6583			mb__before_atomic|
6584			mb__after_atomic|
6585			store_release|
6586			load_acquire|
6587			store_mb|
6588			(?:$barriers)
6589		}x;
6590		my $all_barriers = qr{
6591			(?:$barriers)|
6592			smp_(?:$barrier_stems)|
6593			virt_(?:$barrier_stems)
6594		}x;
6595
6596		if ($line =~ /\b(?:$all_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6597			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6598				WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6599				     "memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6600			}
6601		}
6602
6603		my $underscore_smp_barriers = qr{__smp_(?:$barrier_stems)}x;
6604
6605		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/asm-generic/@ &&
6606		    $realfile !~ m@/barrier\.h$@ &&
6607		    $line =~ m/\b(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/ &&
6608		    $line !~ m/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6609			WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6610			     "__smp memory barriers shouldn't be used outside barrier.h and asm-generic\n" . $herecurr);
6611		}
6612
6613# check for waitqueue_active without a comment.
6614		if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) {
6615			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6616				WARN("WAITQUEUE_ACTIVE",
6617				     "waitqueue_active without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6618			}
6619		}
6620
6621# check for data_race without a comment.
6622		if ($line =~ /\bdata_race\s*\(/) {
6623			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6624				WARN("DATA_RACE",
6625				     "data_race without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6626			}
6627		}
6628
6629# check of hardware specific defines
6630		if ($line =~ m@^.\s*\#\s*if.*\b(__i386__|__powerpc64__|__sun__|__s390x__)\b@ && $realfile !~ m@include/asm-@) {
6631			CHK("ARCH_DEFINES",
6632			    "architecture specific defines should be avoided\n" .  $herecurr);
6633		}
6634
6635# check that the storage class is not after a type
6636		if ($line =~ /\b($Type)\s+($Storage)\b/) {
6637			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6638			     "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
6639		}
6640# Check that the storage class is at the beginning of a declaration
6641		if ($line =~ /\b$Storage\b/ &&
6642		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Storage/ &&
6643		    $line =~ /^.\s*(.+?)\$Storage\s/ &&
6644		    $1 !~ /[\,\)]\s*$/) {
6645			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6646			     "storage class should be at the beginning of the declaration\n" . $herecurr);
6647		}
6648
6649# check the location of the inline attribute, that it is between
6650# storage class and type.
6651		if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ ||
6652		    $line =~ /\b$Inline\s+$Storage\b/) {
6653			ERROR("INLINE_LOCATION",
6654			      "inline keyword should sit between storage class and type\n" . $herecurr);
6655		}
6656
6657# Check for __inline__ and __inline, prefer inline
6658		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6659		    $line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) {
6660			if (WARN("INLINE",
6661				 "plain inline is preferred over $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6662			    $fix) {
6663				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/inline/;
6664
6665			}
6666		}
6667
6668# Check for compiler attributes
6669		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6670		    $rawline =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*($balanced_parens)\s*\)/) {
6671			my $attr = $1;
6672			$attr =~ s/\s*\(\s*(.*)\)\s*/$1/;
6673
6674			my %attr_list = (
6675				"alias"				=> "__alias",
6676				"aligned"			=> "__aligned",
6677				"always_inline"			=> "__always_inline",
6678				"assume_aligned"		=> "__assume_aligned",
6679				"cold"				=> "__cold",
6680				"const"				=> "__attribute_const__",
6681				"copy"				=> "__copy",
6682				"designated_init"		=> "__designated_init",
6683				"externally_visible"		=> "__visible",
6684				"format"			=> "printf|scanf",
6685				"gnu_inline"			=> "__gnu_inline",
6686				"malloc"			=> "__malloc",
6687				"mode"				=> "__mode",
6688				"no_caller_saved_registers"	=> "__no_caller_saved_registers",
6689				"noclone"			=> "__noclone",
6690				"noinline"			=> "noinline",
6691				"nonstring"			=> "__nonstring",
6692				"noreturn"			=> "__noreturn",
6693				"packed"			=> "__packed",
6694				"pure"				=> "__pure",
6695				"section"			=> "__section",
6696				"used"				=> "__used",
6697				"weak"				=> "__weak"
6698			);
6699
6700			while ($attr =~ /\s*(\w+)\s*(${balanced_parens})?/g) {
6701				my $orig_attr = $1;
6702				my $params = '';
6703				$params = $2 if defined($2);
6704				my $curr_attr = $orig_attr;
6705				$curr_attr =~ s/^[\s_]+|[\s_]+$//g;
6706				if (exists($attr_list{$curr_attr})) {
6707					my $new = $attr_list{$curr_attr};
6708					if ($curr_attr eq "format" && $params) {
6709						$params =~ /^\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(.*)/;
6710						$new = "__$1\($2";
6711					} else {
6712						$new = "$new$params";
6713					}
6714					if (WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6715						 "Prefer $new over __attribute__(($orig_attr$params))\n" . $herecurr) &&
6716					    $fix) {
6717						my $remove = "\Q$orig_attr\E" . '\s*' . "\Q$params\E" . '(?:\s*,\s*)?';
6718						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$remove//;
6719						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__attribute__/$new __attribute__/;
6720						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\}\Q$new\E/} $new/;
6721						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/ __attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*\)\s*\)//;
6722					}
6723				}
6724			}
6725
6726			# Check for __attribute__ unused, prefer __always_unused or __maybe_unused
6727			if ($attr =~ /^_*unused/) {
6728				WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6729				     "__always_unused or __maybe_unused is preferred over __attribute__((__unused__))\n" . $herecurr);
6730			}
6731		}
6732
6733# Check for __attribute__ weak, or __weak declarations (may have link issues)
6734		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6735		    $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Attribute)?\s*;/ &&
6736		    ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*\bweak\b/ ||
6737		     $line =~ /\b__weak\b/)) {
6738			ERROR("WEAK_DECLARATION",
6739			      "Using weak declarations can have unintended link defects\n" . $herecurr);
6740		}
6741
6742# check for c99 types like uint8_t used outside of uapi/ and tools/
6743		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6744		    $realfile !~ m@\btools/@ &&
6745		    $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) {
6746			my $type = $1;
6747			if ($type =~ /\b($typeC99Typedefs)\b/) {
6748				$type = $1;
6749				my $kernel_type = 'u';
6750				$kernel_type = 's' if ($type =~ /^_*[si]/);
6751				$type =~ /(\d+)/;
6752				$kernel_type .= $1;
6753				if (CHK("PREFER_KERNEL_TYPES",
6754					"Prefer kernel type '$kernel_type' over '$type'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6755				    $fix) {
6756					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$type\b/$kernel_type/;
6757				}
6758			}
6759		}
6760
6761# check for cast of C90 native int or longer types constants
6762		if ($line =~ /(\(\s*$C90_int_types\s*\)\s*)($Constant)\b/) {
6763			my $cast = $1;
6764			my $const = $2;
6765			my $suffix = "";
6766			my $newconst = $const;
6767			$newconst =~ s/${Int_type}$//;
6768			$suffix .= 'U' if ($cast =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
6769			if ($cast =~ /\blong\s+long\b/) {
6770			    $suffix .= 'LL';
6771			} elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) {
6772			    $suffix .= 'L';
6773			}
6774			if (WARN("TYPECAST_INT_CONSTANT",
6775				 "Unnecessary typecast of c90 int constant - '$cast$const' could be '$const$suffix'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6776			    $fix) {
6777				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$cast\E$const\b/$newconst$suffix/;
6778			}
6779		}
6780
6781# check for sizeof(&)
6782		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s*\(\s*\&/) {
6783			WARN("SIZEOF_ADDRESS",
6784			     "sizeof(& should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
6785		}
6786
6787# check for sizeof without parenthesis
6788		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/) {
6789			if (WARN("SIZEOF_PARENTHESIS",
6790				 "sizeof $1 should be sizeof($1)\n" . $herecurr) &&
6791			    $fix) {
6792				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/"sizeof(" . trim($1) . ")"/ex;
6793			}
6794		}
6795
6796# check for struct spinlock declarations
6797		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\bstruct\s+spinlock\s+\w+\s*;/) {
6798			WARN("USE_SPINLOCK_T",
6799			     "struct spinlock should be spinlock_t\n" . $herecurr);
6800		}
6801
6802# check for seq_printf uses that could be seq_puts
6803		if ($sline =~ /\bseq_printf\s*\(.*"\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6804			my $fmt = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6805			$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6806			if ($fmt !~ /%/) {
6807				if (WARN("PREFER_SEQ_PUTS",
6808					 "Prefer seq_puts to seq_printf\n" . $herecurr) &&
6809				    $fix) {
6810					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bseq_printf\b/seq_puts/;
6811				}
6812			}
6813		}
6814
6815# check for vsprintf extension %p<foo> misuses
6816		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6817		    defined $stat &&
6818		    $stat =~ /^\+(?![^\{]*\{\s*).*\b(\w+)\s*\(.*$String\s*,/s &&
6819		    $1 !~ /^_*volatile_*$/) {
6820			my $stat_real;
6821
6822			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6823			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6824		        for (my $count = $linenr; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
6825				my $specifier;
6826				my $extension;
6827				my $qualifier;
6828				my $bad_specifier = "";
6829				my $fmt = get_quoted_string($lines[$count - 1], raw_line($count, 0));
6830				$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6831
6832				while ($fmt =~ /(\%[\*\d\.]*p(\w)(\w*))/g) {
6833					$specifier = $1;
6834					$extension = $2;
6835					$qualifier = $3;
6836					if ($extension !~ /[4SsBKRraEehMmIiUDdgVCbGNOxtf]/ ||
6837					    ($extension eq "f" &&
6838					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^w/) ||
6839					    ($extension eq "4" &&
6840					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^cc/)) {
6841						$bad_specifier = $specifier;
6842						last;
6843					}
6844					if ($extension eq "x" && !defined($stat_real)) {
6845						if (!defined($stat_real)) {
6846							$stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6847						}
6848						WARN("VSPRINTF_SPECIFIER_PX",
6849						     "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6850					}
6851				}
6852				if ($bad_specifier ne "") {
6853					my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6854					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
6855					my $ext_type = "Invalid";
6856					my $use = "";
6857					if ($bad_specifier =~ /p[Ff]/) {
6858						$use = " - use %pS instead";
6859						$use =~ s/pS/ps/ if ($bad_specifier =~ /pf/);
6860					} elsif ($bad_specifier =~ /pA/) {
6861						$use =  " - '%pA' is only intended to be used from Rust code";
6862						$msg_level = \&ERROR;
6863					}
6864
6865					&{$msg_level}("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION",
6866						      "$ext_type vsprintf pointer extension '$bad_specifier'$use\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6867				}
6868			}
6869		}
6870
6871# Check for misused memsets
6872		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6873		    defined $stat &&
6874		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
6875
6876			my $ms_addr = $2;
6877			my $ms_val = $7;
6878			my $ms_size = $12;
6879
6880			if ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)0$/i) {
6881				ERROR("MEMSET",
6882				      "memset to 0's uses 0 as the 2nd argument, not the 3rd\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6883			} elsif ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)1$/i) {
6884				WARN("MEMSET",
6885				     "single byte memset is suspicious. Swapped 2nd/3rd argument?\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6886			}
6887		}
6888
6889# Check for memcpy(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_copy(foo, bar)
6890#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6891#		    defined $stat &&
6892#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6893#			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_COPY",
6894#				 "Prefer ether_addr_copy() over memcpy() if the Ethernet addresses are __aligned(2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6895#			    $fix) {
6896#				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/ether_addr_copy($2, $7)/;
6897#			}
6898#		}
6899
6900# Check for memcmp(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_equal*(foo, bar)
6901#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6902#		    defined $stat &&
6903#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcmp\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6904#			WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_EQUAL",
6905#			     "Prefer ether_addr_equal() or ether_addr_equal_unaligned() over memcmp()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n")
6906#		}
6907
6908# check for memset(foo, 0x0, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_zero_addr
6909# check for memset(foo, 0xFF, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_broadcast_addr
6910#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6911#		    defined $stat &&
6912#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6913#
6914#			my $ms_val = $7;
6915#
6916#			if ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0x|)0+$/i) {
6917#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_ZERO_ADDR",
6918#					 "Prefer eth_zero_addr over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6919#				    $fix) {
6920#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_zero_addr($2)/;
6921#				}
6922#			} elsif ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0xff|255)$/i) {
6923#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_BROADCAST_ADDR",
6924#					 "Prefer eth_broadcast_addr() over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6925#				    $fix) {
6926#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_broadcast_addr($2)/;
6927#				}
6928#			}
6929#		}
6930
 
 
 
 
 
 
6931# strlcpy uses that should likely be strscpy
6932		if ($line =~ /\bstrlcpy\s*\(/) {
6933			WARN("STRLCPY",
6934			     "Prefer strscpy over strlcpy - see: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wgfRnXz0W3D37d01q3JFkr_i_uTL=V6A6G1oUZcprmknw\@mail.gmail.com/\n" . $herecurr);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6935		}
6936
 
6937# typecasts on min/max could be min_t/max_t
6938		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6939		    defined $stat &&
6940		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\b(min|max)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
6941			if (defined $2 || defined $7) {
6942				my $call = $1;
6943				my $cast1 = deparenthesize($2);
6944				my $arg1 = $3;
6945				my $cast2 = deparenthesize($7);
6946				my $arg2 = $8;
6947				my $cast;
6948
6949				if ($cast1 ne "" && $cast2 ne "" && $cast1 ne $cast2) {
6950					$cast = "$cast1 or $cast2";
6951				} elsif ($cast1 ne "") {
6952					$cast = $cast1;
6953				} else {
6954					$cast = $cast2;
6955				}
6956				WARN("MINMAX",
6957				     "$call() should probably be ${call}_t($cast, $arg1, $arg2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6958			}
6959		}
6960
6961# check usleep_range arguments
6962		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6963		    defined $stat &&
6964		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\busleep_range\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*($FuncArg)\s*\)/) {
6965			my $min = $1;
6966			my $max = $7;
6967			if ($min eq $max) {
6968				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
6969				     "usleep_range should not use min == max args; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6970			} elsif ($min =~ /^\d+$/ && $max =~ /^\d+$/ &&
6971				 $min > $max) {
6972				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
6973				     "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max; see Documentation/timers/timers-howto.rst\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6974			}
6975		}
6976
6977# check for naked sscanf
6978		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6979		    defined $stat &&
6980		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/ &&
6981		    ($stat !~ /$Ident\s*=\s*sscanf\s*$balanced_parens/ &&
6982		     $stat !~ /\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Compare)/ &&
6983		     $stat !~ /(?:$Compare)\s*\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens/)) {
6984			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6985			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6986			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6987			WARN("NAKED_SSCANF",
6988			     "unchecked sscanf return value\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6989		}
6990
6991# check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto<foo>
6992		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6993		    defined $stat &&
6994		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/) {
6995			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6996			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6997			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6998			if ($stat_real =~ /\bsscanf\b\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*("[^"]+")/) {
6999				my $format = $6;
7000				my $count = $format =~ tr@%@%@;
7001				if ($count == 1 &&
7002				    $format =~ /^"\%(?i:ll[udxi]|[udxi]ll|ll|[hl]h?[udxi]|[udxi][hl]h?|[hl]h?|[udxi])"$/) {
7003					WARN("SSCANF_TO_KSTRTO",
7004					     "Prefer kstrto<type> to single variable sscanf\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
7005				}
7006			}
7007		}
7008
7009# check for new externs in .h files.
7010		if ($realfile =~ /\.h$/ &&
7011		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(extern\s+)$Type\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
7012			if (CHK("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7013				"extern prototypes should be avoided in .h files\n" . $herecurr) &&
7014			    $fix) {
7015				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(.*)\bextern\b\s*(.*)/$1$2/;
7016			}
7017		}
7018
7019# check for new externs in .c files.
7020		if ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7021		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s)
7022		{
7023			my $function_name = $1;
7024			my $paren_space = $2;
7025
7026			my $s = $stat;
7027			if (defined $cond) {
7028				substr($s, 0, length($cond), '');
7029			}
7030			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/)
7031			{
7032				WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7033				     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7034			}
7035
7036			if ($paren_space =~ /\n/) {
7037				WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7038				     "arguments for function declarations should follow identifier\n" . $herecurr);
7039			}
7040
7041		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7042		    $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/)
7043		{
7044			WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7045			     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7046		}
7047
7048# check for function declarations that have arguments without identifier names
7049		if (defined $stat &&
7050		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*\(\s*([^{]+)\s*\)\s*;/s &&
7051		    $1 ne "void") {
7052			my $args = trim($1);
7053			while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)?)/g) {
7054				my $arg = trim($1);
7055				if ($arg =~ /^$Type$/ && $arg !~ /enum\s+$Ident$/) {
7056					WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7057					     "function definition argument '$arg' should also have an identifier name\n" . $herecurr);
7058				}
7059			}
7060		}
7061
7062# check for function definitions
7063		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7064		    defined $stat &&
7065		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*($Ident)\s*$balanced_parens\s*{/s) {
7066			$context_function = $1;
7067
7068# check for multiline function definition with misplaced open brace
7069			my $ok = 0;
7070			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7071			my $herectx = $here . "\n";
7072			for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
7073				my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
7074				$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
7075				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /^[ \+]\{/);
7076				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /\{/ && $n == 0);
7077				last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
7078			}
7079			if (!$ok) {
7080				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
7081				      "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herectx);
7082			}
7083		}
7084
7085# checks for new __setup's
7086		if ($rawline =~ /\b__setup\("([^"]*)"/) {
7087			my $name = $1;
7088
7089			if (!grep(/$name/, @setup_docs)) {
7090				CHK("UNDOCUMENTED_SETUP",
7091				    "__setup appears un-documented -- check Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt\n" . $herecurr);
7092			}
7093		}
7094
7095# check for pointless casting of alloc functions
7096		if ($line =~ /\*\s*\)\s*$allocFunctions\b/) {
7097			WARN("UNNECESSARY_CASTS",
7098			     "unnecessary cast may hide bugs, see http://c-faq.com/malloc/mallocnocast.html\n" . $herecurr);
7099		}
7100
7101# alloc style
7102# p = alloc(sizeof(struct foo), ...) should be p = alloc(sizeof(*p), ...)
7103		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7104		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k|v)[mz]alloc(?:_node)?)\s*\(\s*(sizeof\s*\(\s*struct\s+$Lval\s*\))/) {
7105			CHK("ALLOC_SIZEOF_STRUCT",
7106			    "Prefer $3(sizeof(*$1)...) over $3($4...)\n" . $herecurr);
7107		}
7108
7109# check for (kv|k)[mz]alloc with multiplies that could be kmalloc_array/kvmalloc_array/kvcalloc/kcalloc
7110		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7111		    defined $stat &&
7112		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)\s*,/) {
7113			my $oldfunc = $3;
7114			my $a1 = $4;
7115			my $a2 = $10;
7116			my $newfunc = "kmalloc_array";
7117			$newfunc = "kvmalloc_array" if ($oldfunc eq "kvmalloc");
7118			$newfunc = "kvcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kvzalloc");
7119			$newfunc = "kcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kzalloc");
7120			my $r1 = $a1;
7121			my $r2 = $a2;
7122			if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) {
7123				$r1 = $a2;
7124				$r2 = $a1;
7125			}
7126			if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ &&
7127			    !($r1 =~ /^$Constant$/ || $r1 =~ /^[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*$/)) {
7128				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7129				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7130
7131				if (WARN("ALLOC_WITH_MULTIPLY",
7132					 "Prefer $newfunc over $oldfunc with multiply\n" . $herectx) &&
7133				    $cnt == 1 &&
7134				    $fix) {
7135					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)/$1 . ' = ' . "$newfunc(" . trim($r1) . ', ' . trim($r2)/e;
7136				}
7137			}
7138		}
7139
7140# check for krealloc arg reuse
7141		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7142		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*krealloc\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*,/ &&
7143		    $1 eq $3) {
7144			WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE",
7145			     "Reusing the krealloc arg is almost always a bug\n" . $herecurr);
7146		}
7147
7148# check for alloc argument mismatch
7149		if ($line =~ /\b((?:devm_)?((?:k|kv)?(calloc|malloc_array)(?:_node)?))\s*\(\s*sizeof\b/) {
7150			WARN("ALLOC_ARRAY_ARGS",
7151			     "$1 uses number as first arg, sizeof is generally wrong\n" . $herecurr);
7152		}
7153
7154# check for multiple semicolons
7155		if ($line =~ /;\s*;\s*$/) {
7156			if (WARN("ONE_SEMICOLON",
7157				 "Statements terminations use 1 semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
7158			    $fix) {
7159				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g;
7160			}
7161		}
7162
7163# check for #defines like: 1 << <digit> that could be BIT(digit), it is not exported to uapi
7164		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
7165		    $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\<\<\s*(?:\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/) {
7166			my $ull = "";
7167			$ull = "_ULL" if (defined($1) && $1 =~ /ll/i);
7168			if (CHK("BIT_MACRO",
7169				"Prefer using the BIT$ull macro\n" . $herecurr) &&
7170			    $fix) {
7171				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(?\s*1\s*[ulUL]*\s*<<\s*(\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/BIT${ull}($1)/;
7172			}
7173		}
7174
7175# check for IS_ENABLED() without CONFIG_<FOO> ($rawline for comments too)
7176		if ($rawline =~ /\bIS_ENABLED\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*\)/ && $1 !~ /^${CONFIG_}/) {
7177			WARN("IS_ENABLED_CONFIG",
7178			     "IS_ENABLED($1) is normally used as IS_ENABLED(${CONFIG_}$1)\n" . $herecurr);
7179		}
7180
7181# check for #if defined CONFIG_<FOO> || defined CONFIG_<FOO>_MODULE
7182		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*if\s+defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)(${CONFIG_}[A-Z_]+)\s*\)?\s*\|\|\s*defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)\1_MODULE\s*\)?\s*$/) {
7183			my $config = $1;
7184			if (WARN("PREFER_IS_ENABLED",
7185				 "Prefer IS_ENABLED(<FOO>) to ${CONFIG_}<FOO> || ${CONFIG_}<FOO>_MODULE\n" . $herecurr) &&
7186			    $fix) {
7187				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+#if IS_ENABLED($config)";
7188			}
7189		}
7190
7191# check for /* fallthrough */ like comment, prefer fallthrough;
7192		my @fallthroughs = (
7193			'fallthrough',
7194			'@fallthrough@',
7195			'lint -fallthrough[ \t]*',
7196			'intentional(?:ly)?[ \t]*fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)',
7197			'(?:else,?\s*)?FALL(?:S | |-)?THR(?:OUGH|U|EW)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7198			'Fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7199			'fall(?:s | |-)?thr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7200		    );
7201		if ($raw_comment ne '') {
7202			foreach my $ft (@fallthroughs) {
7203				if ($raw_comment =~ /$ft/) {
7204					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
7205					$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
7206					&{$msg_level}("PREFER_FALLTHROUGH",
7207						      "Prefer 'fallthrough;' over fallthrough comment\n" . $herecurr);
7208					last;
7209				}
7210			}
7211		}
7212
7213# check for switch/default statements without a break;
7214		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7215		    defined $stat &&
7216		    $stat =~ /^\+[$;\s]*(?:case[$;\s]+\w+[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*|)*[$;\s]*\bdefault[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*;/g) {
7217			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7218			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7219
7220			WARN("DEFAULT_NO_BREAK",
7221			     "switch default: should use break\n" . $herectx);
7222		}
7223
7224# check for gcc specific __FUNCTION__
7225		if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) {
7226			if (WARN("USE_FUNC",
7227				 "__func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__\n"  . $herecurr) &&
7228			    $fix) {
7229				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__FUNCTION__\b/__func__/g;
7230			}
7231		}
7232
7233# check for uses of __DATE__, __TIME__, __TIMESTAMP__
7234		while ($line =~ /\b(__(?:DATE|TIME|TIMESTAMP)__)\b/g) {
7235			ERROR("DATE_TIME",
7236			      "Use of the '$1' macro makes the build non-deterministic\n" . $herecurr);
7237		}
7238
7239# check for use of yield()
7240		if ($line =~ /\byield\s*\(\s*\)/) {
7241			WARN("YIELD",
7242			     "Using yield() is generally wrong. See yield() kernel-doc (sched/core.c)\n"  . $herecurr);
7243		}
7244
7245# check for comparisons against true and false
7246		if ($line =~ /\+\s*(.*?)\b(true|false|$Lval)\s*(==|\!=)\s*(true|false|$Lval)\b(.*)$/i) {
7247			my $lead = $1;
7248			my $arg = $2;
7249			my $test = $3;
7250			my $otype = $4;
7251			my $trail = $5;
7252			my $op = "!";
7253
7254			($arg, $otype) = ($otype, $arg) if ($arg =~ /^(?:true|false)$/i);
7255
7256			my $type = lc($otype);
7257			if ($type =~ /^(?:true|false)$/) {
7258				if (("$test" eq "==" && "$type" eq "true") ||
7259				    ("$test" eq "!=" && "$type" eq "false")) {
7260					$op = "";
7261				}
7262
7263				CHK("BOOL_COMPARISON",
7264				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone\n" . $herecurr);
7265
7266## maybe suggesting a correct construct would better
7267##				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone.  Perhaps use '${lead}${op}${arg}${trail}'\n" . $herecurr);
7268
7269			}
7270		}
7271
7272# check for semaphores initialized locked
7273		if ($line =~ /^.\s*sema_init.+,\W?0\W?\)/) {
7274			WARN("CONSIDER_COMPLETION",
7275			     "consider using a completion\n" . $herecurr);
7276		}
7277
7278# recommend kstrto* over simple_strto* and strict_strto*
7279		if ($line =~ /\b((simple|strict)_(strto(l|ll|ul|ull)))\s*\(/) {
7280			WARN("CONSIDER_KSTRTO",
7281			     "$1 is obsolete, use k$3 instead\n" . $herecurr);
7282		}
7283
7284# check for __initcall(), use device_initcall() explicitly or more appropriate function please
7285		if ($line =~ /^.\s*__initcall\s*\(/) {
7286			WARN("USE_DEVICE_INITCALL",
7287			     "please use device_initcall() or more appropriate function instead of __initcall() (see include/linux/init.h)\n" . $herecurr);
7288		}
7289
7290# check for spin_is_locked(), suggest lockdep instead
7291		if ($line =~ /\bspin_is_locked\(/) {
7292			WARN("USE_LOCKDEP",
7293			     "Where possible, use lockdep_assert_held instead of assertions based on spin_is_locked\n" . $herecurr);
7294		}
7295
7296# check for deprecated apis
7297		if ($line =~ /\b($deprecated_apis_search)\b\s*\(/) {
7298			my $deprecated_api = $1;
7299			my $new_api = $deprecated_apis{$deprecated_api};
7300			WARN("DEPRECATED_API",
7301			     "Deprecated use of '$deprecated_api', prefer '$new_api' instead\n" . $herecurr);
7302		}
7303
7304# check for various structs that are normally const (ops, kgdb, device_tree)
7305# and avoid what seem like struct definitions 'struct foo {'
7306		if (defined($const_structs) &&
7307		    $line !~ /\bconst\b/ &&
7308		    $line =~ /\bstruct\s+($const_structs)\b(?!\s*\{)/) {
7309			WARN("CONST_STRUCT",
7310			     "struct $1 should normally be const\n" . $herecurr);
7311		}
7312
7313# use of NR_CPUS is usually wrong
7314# ignore definitions of NR_CPUS and usage to define arrays as likely right
7315# ignore designated initializers using NR_CPUS
7316		if ($line =~ /\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7317		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*if\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7318		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*define\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7319		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s.*\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7320		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7321		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*\]/ &&
7322		    $line !~ /^.\s*\.\w+\s*=\s*.*\bNR_CPUS\b/)
7323		{
7324			WARN("NR_CPUS",
7325			     "usage of NR_CPUS is often wrong - consider using cpu_possible(), num_possible_cpus(), for_each_possible_cpu(), etc\n" . $herecurr);
7326		}
7327
7328# Use of __ARCH_HAS_<FOO> or ARCH_HAVE_<BAR> is wrong.
7329		if ($line =~ /\+\s*#\s*define\s+((?:__)?ARCH_(?:HAS|HAVE)\w*)\b/) {
7330			ERROR("DEFINE_ARCH_HAS",
7331			      "#define of '$1' is wrong - use Kconfig variables or standard guards instead\n" . $herecurr);
7332		}
7333
7334# likely/unlikely comparisons similar to "(likely(foo) > 0)"
7335		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7336		    $line =~ /\b((?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*\)\s*$Compare/) {
7337			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7338			     "Using $1 should generally have parentheses around the comparison\n" . $herecurr);
7339		}
7340
7341# return sysfs_emit(foo, fmt, ...) fmt without newline
7342		if ($line =~ /\breturn\s+sysfs_emit\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*($String)/ &&
7343		    substr($rawline, $-[6], $+[6] - $-[6]) !~ /\\n"$/) {
7344			my $offset = $+[6] - 1;
7345			if (WARN("SYSFS_EMIT",
7346				 "return sysfs_emit(...) formats should include a terminating newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
7347			    $fix) {
7348				substr($fixed[$fixlinenr], $offset, 0) = '\\n';
7349			}
7350		}
7351
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7352# nested likely/unlikely calls
7353		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*!?\s*(IS_ERR(?:_OR_NULL|_VALUE)?|WARN)/) {
7354			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7355			     "nested (un)?likely() calls, $1 already uses unlikely() internally\n" . $herecurr);
7356		}
7357
7358# whine mightly about in_atomic
7359		if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) {
7360			if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) {
7361				ERROR("IN_ATOMIC",
7362				      "do not use in_atomic in drivers\n" . $herecurr);
7363			} elsif ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/@) {
7364				WARN("IN_ATOMIC",
7365				     "use of in_atomic() is incorrect outside core kernel code\n" . $herecurr);
7366			}
7367		}
7368
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7369# check for lockdep_set_novalidate_class
7370		if ($line =~ /^.\s*lockdep_set_novalidate_class\s*\(/ ||
7371		    $line =~ /__lockdep_no_validate__\s*\)/ ) {
7372			if ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/lockdep@ &&
7373			    $realfile !~ m@^include/linux/lockdep@ &&
7374			    $realfile !~ m@^drivers/base/core@) {
7375				ERROR("LOCKDEP",
7376				      "lockdep_no_validate class is reserved for device->mutex.\n" . $herecurr);
7377			}
7378		}
7379
7380		if ($line =~ /debugfs_create_\w+.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/ ||
7381		    $line =~ /DEVICE_ATTR.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/) {
7382			WARN("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7383			     "Exporting world writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . $herecurr);
7384		}
7385
7386# check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_<FOO>
7387# and whether or not function naming is typical and if
7388# DEVICE_ATTR permissions uses are unusual too
7389		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7390		    defined $stat &&
7391		    $stat =~ /\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*\(?\s*(\s*(?:${multi_mode_perms_string_search}|0[0-7]{3,3})\s*)\s*\)?\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*\)/) {
7392			my $var = $1;
7393			my $perms = $2;
7394			my $show = $3;
7395			my $store = $4;
7396			my $octal_perms = perms_to_octal($perms);
7397			if ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7398			    $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7399			    $octal_perms eq "0644") {
7400				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RW",
7401					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . $herecurr) &&
7402				    $fix) {
7403					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RW(${var})/;
7404				}
7405			} elsif ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7406				 $store =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7407				 $octal_perms eq "0444") {
7408				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RO",
7409					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7410				    $fix) {
7411					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*NULL\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RO(${var})/;
7412				}
7413			} elsif ($show =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7414				 $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7415				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7416				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_WO",
7417					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7418				    $fix) {
7419					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*NULL\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_WO(${var})/;
7420				}
7421			} elsif ($octal_perms eq "0644" ||
7422				 $octal_perms eq "0444" ||
7423				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7424				my $newshow = "$show";
7425				$newshow = "${var}_show" if ($show ne "NULL" && $show ne "${var}_show");
7426				my $newstore = $store;
7427				$newstore = "${var}_store" if ($store ne "NULL" && $store ne "${var}_store");
7428				my $rename = "";
7429				if ($show ne $newshow) {
7430					$rename .= " '$show' to '$newshow'";
7431				}
7432				if ($store ne $newstore) {
7433					$rename .= " '$store' to '$newstore'";
7434				}
7435				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_FUNCTIONS",
7436				     "Consider renaming function(s)$rename\n" . $herecurr);
7437			} else {
7438				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_PERMS",
7439				     "DEVICE_ATTR unusual permissions '$perms' used\n" . $herecurr);
7440			}
7441		}
7442
7443# Mode permission misuses where it seems decimal should be octal
7444# This uses a shortcut match to avoid unnecessary uses of a slow foreach loop
7445# o Ignore module_param*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a
7446#   specific definition of not visible in sysfs.
7447# o Ignore proc_create*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that means
7448#   use the default permissions
7449		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7450		    defined $stat &&
7451		    $line =~ /$mode_perms_search/) {
7452			foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
7453				my $func = $entry->[0];
7454				my $arg_pos = $entry->[1];
7455
7456				my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7457				$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7458				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7459
7460				my $skip_args = "";
7461				if ($arg_pos > 1) {
7462					$arg_pos--;
7463					$skip_args = "(?:\\s*$FuncArg\\s*,\\s*){$arg_pos,$arg_pos}";
7464				}
7465				my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(?:\\|\\s*$FuncArg)*)\\s*[,\\)]";
7466				if ($stat =~ /$test/) {
7467					my $val = $1;
7468					$val = $6 if ($skip_args ne "");
7469					if (!($func =~ /^(?:module_param|proc_create)/ && $val eq "0") &&
7470					    (($val =~ /^$Int$/ && $val !~ /^$Octal$/) ||
7471					     ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && length($val) ne 4))) {
7472						ERROR("NON_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS",
7473						      "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7474					}
7475					if ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && (oct($val) & 02)) {
7476						ERROR("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7477						      "Exporting writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7478					}
7479				}
7480			}
7481		}
7482
7483# check for uses of S_<PERMS> that could be octal for readability
7484		while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) {
7485			my $oval = $1;
7486			my $octal = perms_to_octal($oval);
7487			if (WARN("SYMBOLIC_PERMS",
7488				 "Symbolic permissions '$oval' are not preferred. Consider using octal permissions '$octal'.\n" . $herecurr) &&
7489			    $fix) {
7490				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/;
7491			}
7492		}
7493
7494# validate content of MODULE_LICENSE against list from include/linux/module.h
7495		if ($line =~ /\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*($String)\s*\)/) {
7496			my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
7497			my $valid_licenses = qr{
7498						GPL|
7499						GPL\ v2|
7500						GPL\ and\ additional\ rights|
7501						Dual\ BSD/GPL|
7502						Dual\ MIT/GPL|
7503						Dual\ MPL/GPL|
7504						Proprietary
7505					}x;
7506			if ($extracted_string !~ /^"(?:$valid_licenses)"$/x) {
7507				WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7508				     "unknown module license " . $extracted_string . "\n" . $herecurr);
7509			}
7510			if (!$file && $extracted_string eq '"GPL v2"') {
7511				if (WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7512				     "Prefer \"GPL\" over \"GPL v2\" - see commit bf7fbeeae6db (\"module: Cure the MODULE_LICENSE \"GPL\" vs. \"GPL v2\" bogosity\")\n" . $herecurr) &&
7513				    $fix) {
7514					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*"GPL v2"\s*\)/MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")/;
7515				}
7516			}
7517		}
7518
7519# check for sysctl duplicate constants
7520		if ($line =~ /\.extra[12]\s*=\s*&(zero|one|int_max)\b/) {
7521			WARN("DUPLICATED_SYSCTL_CONST",
7522				"duplicated sysctl range checking value '$1', consider using the shared one in include/linux/sysctl.h\n" . $herecurr);
7523		}
7524	}
7525
7526	# If we have no input at all, then there is nothing to report on
7527	# so just keep quiet.
7528	if ($#rawlines == -1) {
7529		exit(0);
7530	}
7531
7532	# In mailback mode only produce a report in the negative, for
7533	# things that appear to be patches.
7534	if ($mailback && ($clean == 1 || !$is_patch)) {
7535		exit(0);
7536	}
7537
7538	# This is not a patch, and we are in 'no-patch' mode so
7539	# just keep quiet.
7540	if (!$chk_patch && !$is_patch) {
7541		exit(0);
7542	}
7543
7544	if (!$is_patch && $filename !~ /cover-letter\.patch$/) {
7545		ERROR("NOT_UNIFIED_DIFF",
7546		      "Does not appear to be a unified-diff format patch\n");
 
 
 
 
 
 
7547	}
7548	if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff) {
7549		if ($signoff == 0) {
7550			ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF",
7551			      "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n");
7552		} elsif ($authorsignoff != 1) {
7553			# authorsignoff values:
7554			# 0 -> missing sign off
7555			# 1 -> sign off identical
7556			# 2 -> names and addresses match, comments mismatch
7557			# 3 -> addresses match, names different
7558			# 4 -> names match, addresses different
7559			# 5 -> names match, addresses excluding subaddress details (refer RFC 5233) match
7560
7561			my $sob_msg = "'From: $author' != 'Signed-off-by: $author_sob'";
7562
7563			if ($authorsignoff == 0) {
7564				ERROR("NO_AUTHOR_SIGN_OFF",
7565				      "Missing Signed-off-by: line by nominal patch author '$author'\n");
7566			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 2) {
7567				CHK("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7568				    "From:/Signed-off-by: email comments mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7569			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 3) {
7570				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7571				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email name mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7572			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 4) {
7573				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7574				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email address mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7575			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 5) {
7576				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7577				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email subaddress mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7578			}
7579		}
7580	}
7581
7582	print report_dump();
7583	if ($summary && !($clean == 1 && $quiet == 1)) {
7584		print "$filename " if ($summary_file);
7585		print "total: $cnt_error errors, $cnt_warn warnings, " .
7586			(($check)? "$cnt_chk checks, " : "") .
7587			"$cnt_lines lines checked\n";
7588	}
7589
7590	if ($quiet == 0) {
7591		# If there were any defects found and not already fixing them
7592		if (!$clean and !$fix) {
7593			print << "EOM"
7594
7595NOTE: For some of the reported defects, checkpatch may be able to
7596      mechanically convert to the typical style using --fix or --fix-inplace.
7597EOM
7598		}
7599		# If there were whitespace errors which cleanpatch can fix
7600		# then suggest that.
7601		if ($rpt_cleaners) {
7602			$rpt_cleaners = 0;
7603			print << "EOM"
7604
7605NOTE: Whitespace errors detected.
7606      You may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile
7607EOM
7608		}
7609	}
7610
7611	if ($clean == 0 && $fix &&
7612	    ("@rawlines" ne "@fixed" ||
7613	     $#fixed_inserted >= 0 || $#fixed_deleted >= 0)) {
7614		my $newfile = $filename;
7615		$newfile .= ".EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes" if (!$fix_inplace);
7616		my $linecount = 0;
7617		my $f;
7618
7619		@fixed = fix_inserted_deleted_lines(\@fixed, \@fixed_inserted, \@fixed_deleted);
7620
7621		open($f, '>', $newfile)
7622		    or die "$P: Can't open $newfile for write\n";
7623		foreach my $fixed_line (@fixed) {
7624			$linecount++;
7625			if ($file) {
7626				if ($linecount > 3) {
7627					$fixed_line =~ s/^\+//;
7628					print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7629				}
7630			} else {
7631				print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7632			}
7633		}
7634		close($f);
7635
7636		if (!$quiet) {
7637			print << "EOM";
7638
7639Wrote EXPERIMENTAL --fix correction(s) to '$newfile'
7640
7641Do _NOT_ trust the results written to this file.
7642Do _NOT_ submit these changes without inspecting them for correctness.
7643
7644This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches.
7645No warranties, expressed or implied...
7646EOM
7647		}
7648	}
7649
7650	if ($quiet == 0) {
7651		print "\n";
7652		if ($clean == 1) {
7653			print "$vname has no obvious style problems and is ready for submission.\n";
7654		} else {
7655			print "$vname has style problems, please review.\n";
7656		}
7657	}
7658	return $clean;
7659}
v6.13.7
   1#!/usr/bin/env perl
   2# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   3#
   4# (c) 2001, Dave Jones. (the file handling bit)
   5# (c) 2005, Joel Schopp <jschopp@austin.ibm.com> (the ugly bit)
   6# (c) 2007,2008, Andy Whitcroft <apw@uk.ibm.com> (new conditions, test suite)
   7# (c) 2008-2010 Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
   8# (c) 2010-2018 Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
   9
  10use strict;
  11use warnings;
  12use POSIX;
  13use File::Basename;
  14use Cwd 'abs_path';
  15use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
  16use Encode qw(decode encode);
  17
  18my $P = $0;
  19my $D = dirname(abs_path($P));
  20
  21my $V = '0.32';
  22
  23use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);
  24
  25my $quiet = 0;
  26my $verbose = 0;
  27my %verbose_messages = ();
  28my %verbose_emitted = ();
  29my $tree = 1;
  30my $chk_signoff = 1;
  31my $chk_fixes_tag = 1;
  32my $chk_patch = 1;
  33my $tst_only;
  34my $emacs = 0;
  35my $terse = 0;
  36my $showfile = 0;
  37my $file = 0;
  38my $git = 0;
  39my %git_commits = ();
  40my $check = 0;
  41my $check_orig = 0;
  42my $summary = 1;
  43my $mailback = 0;
  44my $summary_file = 0;
  45my $show_types = 0;
  46my $list_types = 0;
  47my $fix = 0;
  48my $fix_inplace = 0;
  49my $root;
  50my $gitroot = $ENV{'GIT_DIR'};
  51$gitroot = ".git" if !defined($gitroot);
  52my %debug;
  53my %camelcase = ();
  54my %use_type = ();
  55my @use = ();
  56my %ignore_type = ();
  57my @ignore = ();
  58my $help = 0;
  59my $configuration_file = ".checkpatch.conf";
  60my $max_line_length = 100;
  61my $ignore_perl_version = 0;
  62my $minimum_perl_version = 5.10.0;
  63my $min_conf_desc_length = 4;
  64my $spelling_file = "$D/spelling.txt";
  65my $codespell = 0;
  66my $codespellfile = "/usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt";
  67my $user_codespellfile = "";
  68my $conststructsfile = "$D/const_structs.checkpatch";
  69my $docsfile = "$D/../Documentation/dev-tools/checkpatch.rst";
  70my $typedefsfile;
  71my $color = "auto";
  72my $allow_c99_comments = 1; # Can be overridden by --ignore C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE
  73# git output parsing needs US English output, so first set backtick child process LANGUAGE
  74my $git_command ='export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8; git';
  75my $tabsize = 8;
  76my ${CONFIG_} = "CONFIG_";
  77
  78my %maybe_linker_symbol; # for externs in c exceptions, when seen in *vmlinux.lds.h
  79
  80sub help {
  81	my ($exitcode) = @_;
  82
  83	print << "EOM";
  84Usage: $P [OPTION]... [FILE]...
  85Version: $V
  86
  87Options:
  88  -q, --quiet                quiet
  89  -v, --verbose              verbose mode
  90  --no-tree                  run without a kernel tree
  91  --no-signoff               do not check for 'Signed-off-by' line
  92  --no-fixes-tag             do not check for 'Fixes:' tag
  93  --patch                    treat FILE as patchfile (default)
  94  --emacs                    emacs compile window format
  95  --terse                    one line per report
  96  --showfile                 emit diffed file position, not input file position
  97  -g, --git                  treat FILE as a single commit or git revision range
  98                             single git commit with:
  99                               <rev>
 100                               <rev>^
 101                               <rev>~n
 102                             multiple git commits with:
 103                               <rev1>..<rev2>
 104                               <rev1>...<rev2>
 105                               <rev>-<count>
 106                             git merges are ignored
 107  -f, --file                 treat FILE as regular source file
 108  --subjective, --strict     enable more subjective tests
 109  --list-types               list the possible message types
 110  --types TYPE(,TYPE2...)    show only these comma separated message types
 111  --ignore TYPE(,TYPE2...)   ignore various comma separated message types
 112  --show-types               show the specific message type in the output
 113  --max-line-length=n        set the maximum line length, (default $max_line_length)
 114                             if exceeded, warn on patches
 115                             requires --strict for use with --file
 116  --min-conf-desc-length=n   set the min description length, if shorter, warn
 117  --tab-size=n               set the number of spaces for tab (default $tabsize)
 118  --root=PATH                PATH to the kernel tree root
 119  --no-summary               suppress the per-file summary
 120  --mailback                 only produce a report in case of warnings/errors
 121  --summary-file             include the filename in summary
 122  --debug KEY=[0|1]          turn on/off debugging of KEY, where KEY is one of
 123                             'values', 'possible', 'type', and 'attr' (default
 124                             is all off)
 125  --test-only=WORD           report only warnings/errors containing WORD
 126                             literally
 127  --fix                      EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 128                             If correctable single-line errors exist, create
 129                             "<inputfile>.EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes"
 130                             with potential errors corrected to the preferred
 131                             checkpatch style
 132  --fix-inplace              EXPERIMENTAL - may create horrible results
 133                             Is the same as --fix, but overwrites the input
 134                             file.  It's your fault if there's no backup or git
 135  --ignore-perl-version      override checking of perl version.  expect
 136                             runtime errors.
 137  --codespell                Use the codespell dictionary for spelling/typos
 138                             (default:$codespellfile)
 139  --codespellfile            Use this codespell dictionary
 140  --typedefsfile             Read additional types from this file
 141  --color[=WHEN]             Use colors 'always', 'never', or only when output
 142                             is a terminal ('auto'). Default is 'auto'.
 143  --kconfig-prefix=WORD      use WORD as a prefix for Kconfig symbols (default
 144                             ${CONFIG_})
 145  -h, --help, --version      display this help and exit
 146
 147When FILE is - read standard input.
 148EOM
 149
 150	exit($exitcode);
 151}
 152
 153sub uniq {
 154	my %seen;
 155	return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_;
 156}
 157
 158sub list_types {
 159	my ($exitcode) = @_;
 160
 161	my $count = 0;
 162
 163	local $/ = undef;
 164
 165	open(my $script, '<', abs_path($P)) or
 166	    die "$P: Can't read '$P' $!\n";
 167
 168	my $text = <$script>;
 169	close($script);
 170
 171	my %types = ();
 172	# Also catch when type or level is passed through a variable
 173	while ($text =~ /(?:(\bCHK|\bWARN|\bERROR|&\{\$msg_level})\s*\(|\$msg_type\s*=)\s*"([^"]+)"/g) {
 174		if (defined($1)) {
 175			if (exists($types{$2})) {
 176				$types{$2} .= ",$1" if ($types{$2} ne $1);
 177			} else {
 178				$types{$2} = $1;
 179			}
 180		} else {
 181			$types{$2} = "UNDETERMINED";
 182		}
 183	}
 184
 185	print("#\tMessage type\n\n");
 186	if ($color) {
 187		print(" ( Color coding: ");
 188		print(RED . "ERROR" . RESET);
 189		print(" | ");
 190		print(YELLOW . "WARNING" . RESET);
 191		print(" | ");
 192		print(GREEN . "CHECK" . RESET);
 193		print(" | ");
 194		print("Multiple levels / Undetermined");
 195		print(" )\n\n");
 196	}
 197
 198	foreach my $type (sort keys %types) {
 199		my $orig_type = $type;
 200		if ($color) {
 201			my $level = $types{$type};
 202			if ($level eq "ERROR") {
 203				$type = RED . $type . RESET;
 204			} elsif ($level eq "WARN") {
 205				$type = YELLOW . $type . RESET;
 206			} elsif ($level eq "CHK") {
 207				$type = GREEN . $type . RESET;
 208			}
 209		}
 210		print(++$count . "\t" . $type . "\n");
 211		if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$orig_type})) {
 212			my $message = $verbose_messages{$orig_type};
 213			$message =~ s/\n/\n\t/g;
 214			print("\t" . $message . "\n\n");
 215		}
 216	}
 217
 218	exit($exitcode);
 219}
 220
 221my $conf = which_conf($configuration_file);
 222if (-f $conf) {
 223	my @conf_args;
 224	open(my $conffile, '<', "$conf")
 225	    or warn "$P: Can't find a readable $configuration_file file $!\n";
 226
 227	while (<$conffile>) {
 228		my $line = $_;
 229
 230		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 231		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 232		$line =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 233
 234		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 235		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 236
 237		my @words = split(" ", $line);
 238		foreach my $word (@words) {
 239			last if ($word =~ m/^#/);
 240			push (@conf_args, $word);
 241		}
 242	}
 243	close($conffile);
 244	unshift(@ARGV, @conf_args) if @conf_args;
 245}
 246
 247sub load_docs {
 248	open(my $docs, '<', "$docsfile")
 249	    or warn "$P: Can't read the documentation file $docsfile $!\n";
 250
 251	my $type = '';
 252	my $desc = '';
 253	my $in_desc = 0;
 254
 255	while (<$docs>) {
 256		chomp;
 257		my $line = $_;
 258		$line =~ s/\s+$//;
 259
 260		if ($line =~ /^\s*\*\*(.+)\*\*$/) {
 261			if ($desc ne '') {
 262				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 263			}
 264			$type = $1;
 265			$desc = '';
 266			$in_desc = 1;
 267		} elsif ($in_desc) {
 268			if ($line =~ /^(?:\s{4,}|$)/) {
 269				$line =~ s/^\s{4}//;
 270				$desc .= $line;
 271				$desc .= "\n";
 272			} else {
 273				$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 274				$type = '';
 275				$desc = '';
 276				$in_desc = 0;
 277			}
 278		}
 279	}
 280
 281	if ($desc ne '') {
 282		$verbose_messages{$type} = trim($desc);
 283	}
 284	close($docs);
 285}
 286
 287# Perl's Getopt::Long allows options to take optional arguments after a space.
 288# Prevent --color by itself from consuming other arguments
 289foreach (@ARGV) {
 290	if ($_ eq "--color" || $_ eq "-color") {
 291		$_ = "--color=$color";
 292	}
 293}
 294
 295GetOptions(
 296	'q|quiet+'	=> \$quiet,
 297	'v|verbose!'	=> \$verbose,
 298	'tree!'		=> \$tree,
 299	'signoff!'	=> \$chk_signoff,
 300	'fixes-tag!'	=> \$chk_fixes_tag,
 301	'patch!'	=> \$chk_patch,
 302	'emacs!'	=> \$emacs,
 303	'terse!'	=> \$terse,
 304	'showfile!'	=> \$showfile,
 305	'f|file!'	=> \$file,
 306	'g|git!'	=> \$git,
 307	'subjective!'	=> \$check,
 308	'strict!'	=> \$check,
 309	'ignore=s'	=> \@ignore,
 310	'types=s'	=> \@use,
 311	'show-types!'	=> \$show_types,
 312	'list-types!'	=> \$list_types,
 313	'max-line-length=i' => \$max_line_length,
 314	'min-conf-desc-length=i' => \$min_conf_desc_length,
 315	'tab-size=i'	=> \$tabsize,
 316	'root=s'	=> \$root,
 317	'summary!'	=> \$summary,
 318	'mailback!'	=> \$mailback,
 319	'summary-file!'	=> \$summary_file,
 320	'fix!'		=> \$fix,
 321	'fix-inplace!'	=> \$fix_inplace,
 322	'ignore-perl-version!' => \$ignore_perl_version,
 323	'debug=s'	=> \%debug,
 324	'test-only=s'	=> \$tst_only,
 325	'codespell!'	=> \$codespell,
 326	'codespellfile=s'	=> \$user_codespellfile,
 327	'typedefsfile=s'	=> \$typedefsfile,
 328	'color=s'	=> \$color,
 329	'no-color'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 330	'nocolor'	=> \$color,	#keep old behaviors of -nocolor
 331	'kconfig-prefix=s'	=> \${CONFIG_},
 332	'h|help'	=> \$help,
 333	'version'	=> \$help
 334) or $help = 2;
 335
 336if ($user_codespellfile) {
 337	# Use the user provided codespell file unconditionally
 338	$codespellfile = $user_codespellfile;
 339} elsif (!(-f $codespellfile)) {
 340	# If /usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt is not present, try to find it
 341	# under codespell's install directory: <codespell_root>/data/dictionary.txt
 342	if (($codespell || $help) && which("python3") ne "") {
 343		my $python_codespell_dict = << "EOF";
 344
 345import os.path as op
 346import codespell_lib
 347codespell_dir = op.dirname(codespell_lib.__file__)
 348codespell_file = op.join(codespell_dir, 'data', 'dictionary.txt')
 349print(codespell_file, end='')
 350EOF
 351
 352		my $codespell_dict = `python3 -c "$python_codespell_dict" 2> /dev/null`;
 353		$codespellfile = $codespell_dict if (-f $codespell_dict);
 354	}
 355}
 356
 357# $help is 1 if either -h, --help or --version is passed as option - exitcode: 0
 358# $help is 2 if invalid option is passed - exitcode: 1
 359help($help - 1) if ($help);
 360
 361die "$P: --git cannot be used with --file or --fix\n" if ($git && ($file || $fix));
 362die "$P: --verbose cannot be used with --terse\n" if ($verbose && $terse);
 363
 364if ($color =~ /^[01]$/) {
 365	$color = !$color;
 366} elsif ($color =~ /^always$/i) {
 367	$color = 1;
 368} elsif ($color =~ /^never$/i) {
 369	$color = 0;
 370} elsif ($color =~ /^auto$/i) {
 371	$color = (-t STDOUT);
 372} else {
 373	die "$P: Invalid color mode: $color\n";
 374}
 375
 376load_docs() if ($verbose);
 377list_types(0) if ($list_types);
 378
 379$fix = 1 if ($fix_inplace);
 380$check_orig = $check;
 381
 382my $exit = 0;
 383
 384my $perl_version_ok = 1;
 385if ($^V && $^V lt $minimum_perl_version) {
 386	$perl_version_ok = 0;
 387	printf "$P: requires at least perl version %vd\n", $minimum_perl_version;
 388	exit(1) if (!$ignore_perl_version);
 389}
 390
 391#if no filenames are given, push '-' to read patch from stdin
 392if ($#ARGV < 0) {
 393	push(@ARGV, '-');
 394}
 395
 396# skip TAB size 1 to avoid additional checks on $tabsize - 1
 397die "$P: Invalid TAB size: $tabsize\n" if ($tabsize < 2);
 398
 399sub hash_save_array_words {
 400	my ($hashRef, $arrayRef) = @_;
 401
 402	my @array = split(/,/, join(',', @$arrayRef));
 403	foreach my $word (@array) {
 404		$word =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 405		$word =~ s/^\s*//g;
 406		$word =~ s/\s+/ /g;
 407		$word =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
 408
 409		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*#/);
 410		next if ($word =~ m/^\s*$/);
 411
 412		$hashRef->{$word}++;
 413	}
 414}
 415
 416sub hash_show_words {
 417	my ($hashRef, $prefix) = @_;
 418
 419	if (keys %$hashRef) {
 420		print "\nNOTE: $prefix message types:";
 421		foreach my $word (sort keys %$hashRef) {
 422			print " $word";
 423		}
 424		print "\n";
 425	}
 426}
 427
 428hash_save_array_words(\%ignore_type, \@ignore);
 429hash_save_array_words(\%use_type, \@use);
 430
 431my $dbg_values = 0;
 432my $dbg_possible = 0;
 433my $dbg_type = 0;
 434my $dbg_attr = 0;
 435for my $key (keys %debug) {
 436	## no critic
 437	eval "\${dbg_$key} = '$debug{$key}';";
 438	die "$@" if ($@);
 439}
 440
 441my $rpt_cleaners = 0;
 442
 443if ($terse) {
 444	$emacs = 1;
 445	$quiet++;
 446}
 447
 448if ($tree) {
 449	if (defined $root) {
 450		if (!top_of_kernel_tree($root)) {
 451			die "$P: $root: --root does not point at a valid tree\n";
 452		}
 453	} else {
 454		if (top_of_kernel_tree('.')) {
 455			$root = '.';
 456		} elsif ($0 =~ m@(.*)/scripts/[^/]*$@ &&
 457						top_of_kernel_tree($1)) {
 458			$root = $1;
 459		}
 460	}
 461
 462	if (!defined $root) {
 463		print "Must be run from the top-level dir. of a kernel tree\n";
 464		exit(2);
 465	}
 466}
 467
 468my $emitted_corrupt = 0;
 469
 470our $Ident	= qr{
 471			[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*
 472			(?:\s*\#\#\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)*
 473		}x;
 474our $Storage	= qr{extern|static|asmlinkage};
 475our $Sparse	= qr{
 476			__user|
 477			__kernel|
 478			__force|
 479			__iomem|
 480			__must_check|
 481			__kprobes|
 482			__ref|
 483			__refconst|
 484			__refdata|
 485			__rcu|
 486			__private
 487		}x;
 488our $InitAttributePrefix = qr{__(?:mem|cpu|dev|net_|)};
 489our $InitAttributeData = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initdata\b)};
 490our $InitAttributeConst = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:initconst\b)};
 491our $InitAttributeInit = qr{$InitAttributePrefix(?:init\b)};
 492our $InitAttribute = qr{$InitAttributeData|$InitAttributeConst|$InitAttributeInit};
 493
 494# Notes to $Attribute:
 495# We need \b after 'init' otherwise 'initconst' will cause a false positive in a check
 496our $Attribute	= qr{
 497			const|
 498			volatile|
 499			__percpu|
 500			__nocast|
 501			__safe|
 502			__bitwise|
 503			__packed__|
 504			__packed2__|
 505			__naked|
 506			__maybe_unused|
 507			__always_unused|
 508			__noreturn|
 509			__used|
 510			__cold|
 511			__pure|
 512			__noclone|
 513			__deprecated|
 514			__read_mostly|
 515			__ro_after_init|
 516			__kprobes|
 517			$InitAttribute|
 518			__aligned\s*\(.*\)|
 519			____cacheline_aligned|
 520			____cacheline_aligned_in_smp|
 521			____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp|
 522			__weak|
 523			__alloc_size\s*\(\s*\d+\s*(?:,\s*\d+\s*)?\)
 524		  }x;
 525our $Modifier;
 526our $Inline	= qr{inline|__always_inline|noinline|__inline|__inline__};
 527our $Member	= qr{->$Ident|\.$Ident|\[[^]]*\]};
 528our $Lval	= qr{$Ident(?:$Member)*};
 529
 530our $Int_type	= qr{(?i)llu|ull|ll|lu|ul|l|u};
 531our $Binary	= qr{(?i)0b[01]+$Int_type?};
 532our $Hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+$Int_type?};
 533our $Int	= qr{[0-9]+$Int_type?};
 534our $Octal	= qr{0[0-7]+$Int_type?};
 535our $String	= qr{(?:\b[Lu])?"[X\t]*"};
 536our $Float_hex	= qr{(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+p-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 537our $Float_dec	= qr{(?i)(?:[0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+)(?:e-?[0-9]+)?[fl]?};
 538our $Float_int	= qr{(?i)[0-9]+e-?[0-9]+[fl]?};
 539our $Float	= qr{$Float_hex|$Float_dec|$Float_int};
 540our $Constant	= qr{$Float|$Binary|$Octal|$Hex|$Int};
 541our $Assignment	= qr{\*\=|/=|%=|\+=|-=|<<=|>>=|&=|\^=|\|=|=};
 542our $Compare    = qr{<=|>=|==|!=|<|(?<!-)>};
 543our $Arithmetic = qr{\+|-|\*|\/|%};
 544our $Operators	= qr{
 545			<=|>=|==|!=|
 546			=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|!|~|
 547			&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||$Arithmetic
 548		  }x;
 549
 550our $c90_Keywords = qr{do|for|while|if|else|return|goto|continue|switch|default|case|break}x;
 551
 552our $BasicType;
 553our $NonptrType;
 554our $NonptrTypeMisordered;
 555our $NonptrTypeWithAttr;
 556our $Type;
 557our $TypeMisordered;
 558our $Declare;
 559our $DeclareMisordered;
 560
 561our $NON_ASCII_UTF8	= qr{
 562	[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]               # non-overlong 2-byte
 563	|  \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding overlongs
 564	| [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # straight 3-byte
 565	|  \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]        # excluding surrogates
 566	|  \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # planes 1-3
 567	| [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}          # planes 4-15
 568	|  \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}     # plane 16
 569}x;
 570
 571our $UTF8	= qr{
 572	[\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]              # ASCII
 573	| $NON_ASCII_UTF8
 574}x;
 575
 576our $typeC99Typedefs = qr{(?:__)?(?:[us]_?)?int_?(?:8|16|32|64)_t};
 577our $typeOtherOSTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 578	u_(?:char|short|int|long) |          # bsd
 579	u(?:nchar|short|int|long)            # sysv
 580)};
 581our $typeKernelTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 582	(?:__)?(?:u|s|be|le)(?:8|16|32|64)|
 583	atomic_t
 584)};
 585our $typeStdioTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 586	FILE
 587)};
 588our $typeTypedefs = qr{(?x:
 589	$typeC99Typedefs\b|
 590	$typeOtherOSTypedefs\b|
 591	$typeKernelTypedefs\b|
 592	$typeStdioTypedefs\b
 593)};
 594
 595our $zero_initializer = qr{(?:(?:0[xX])?0+$Int_type?|NULL|false)\b};
 596
 597our $logFunctions = qr{(?x:
 598	printk(?:_ratelimited|_once|_deferred_once|_deferred|)|
 599	(?:[a-z0-9]+_){1,2}(?:printk|emerg|alert|crit|err|warning|warn|notice|info|debug|dbg|vdbg|devel|cont|WARN)(?:_ratelimited|_once|)|
 600	TP_printk|
 601	WARN(?:_RATELIMIT|_ONCE|)|
 602	panic|
 603	MODULE_[A-Z_]+|
 604	seq_vprintf|seq_printf|seq_puts
 605)};
 606
 607our $allocFunctions = qr{(?x:
 608	(?:(?:devm_)?
 609		(?:kv|k|v)[czm]alloc(?:_array)?(?:_node)? |
 610		kstrdup(?:_const)? |
 611		kmemdup(?:_nul)?) |
 612	(?:\w+)?alloc_skb(?:_ip_align)? |
 613				# dev_alloc_skb/netdev_alloc_skb, et al
 614	dma_alloc_coherent
 615)};
 616
 617our $signature_tags = qr{(?xi:
 618	Signed-off-by:|
 619	Co-developed-by:|
 620	Acked-by:|
 621	Tested-by:|
 622	Reviewed-by:|
 623	Reported-by:|
 624	Suggested-by:|
 625	To:|
 626	Cc:
 627)};
 628
 629our @link_tags = qw(Link Closes);
 630
 631#Create a search and print patterns for all these strings to be used directly below
 632our $link_tags_search = "";
 633our $link_tags_print = "";
 634foreach my $entry (@link_tags) {
 635	if ($link_tags_search ne "") {
 636		$link_tags_search .= '|';
 637		$link_tags_print .= ' or ';
 638	}
 639	$entry .= ':';
 640	$link_tags_search .= $entry;
 641	$link_tags_print .= "'$entry'";
 642}
 643$link_tags_search = "(?:${link_tags_search})";
 644
 645our $tracing_logging_tags = qr{(?xi:
 646	[=-]*> |
 647	<[=-]* |
 648	\[ |
 649	\] |
 650	start |
 651	called |
 652	entered |
 653	entry |
 654	enter |
 655	in |
 656	inside |
 657	here |
 658	begin |
 659	exit |
 660	end |
 661	done |
 662	leave |
 663	completed |
 664	out |
 665	return |
 666	[\.\!:\s]*
 667)};
 668
 669sub edit_distance_min {
 670	my (@arr) = @_;
 671	my $len = scalar @arr;
 672	if ((scalar @arr) < 1) {
 673		# if underflow, return
 674		return;
 675	}
 676	my $min = $arr[0];
 677	for my $i (0 .. ($len-1)) {
 678		if ($arr[$i] < $min) {
 679			$min = $arr[$i];
 680		}
 681	}
 682	return $min;
 683}
 684
 685sub get_edit_distance {
 686	my ($str1, $str2) = @_;
 687	$str1 = lc($str1);
 688	$str2 = lc($str2);
 689	$str1 =~ s/-//g;
 690	$str2 =~ s/-//g;
 691	my $len1 = length($str1);
 692	my $len2 = length($str2);
 693	# two dimensional array storing minimum edit distance
 694	my @distance;
 695	for my $i (0 .. $len1) {
 696		for my $j (0 .. $len2) {
 697			if ($i == 0) {
 698				$distance[$i][$j] = $j;
 699			} elsif ($j == 0) {
 700				$distance[$i][$j] = $i;
 701			} elsif (substr($str1, $i-1, 1) eq substr($str2, $j-1, 1)) {
 702				$distance[$i][$j] = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1];
 703			} else {
 704				my $dist1 = $distance[$i][$j - 1]; #insert distance
 705				my $dist2 = $distance[$i - 1][$j]; # remove
 706				my $dist3 = $distance[$i - 1][$j - 1]; #replace
 707				$distance[$i][$j] = 1 + edit_distance_min($dist1, $dist2, $dist3);
 708			}
 709		}
 710	}
 711	return $distance[$len1][$len2];
 712}
 713
 714sub find_standard_signature {
 715	my ($sign_off) = @_;
 716	my @standard_signature_tags = (
 717		'Signed-off-by:', 'Co-developed-by:', 'Acked-by:', 'Tested-by:',
 718		'Reviewed-by:', 'Reported-by:', 'Suggested-by:'
 719	);
 720	foreach my $signature (@standard_signature_tags) {
 721		return $signature if (get_edit_distance($sign_off, $signature) <= 2);
 722	}
 723
 724	return "";
 725}
 726
 727our $obsolete_archives = qr{(?xi:
 728	\Qfreedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel\E |
 729	\Qlists.infradead.org\E |
 730	\Qlkml.org\E |
 731	\Qmail-archive.com\E |
 732	\Qmailman.alsa-project.org/pipermail\E |
 733	\Qmarc.info\E |
 734	\Qozlabs.org/pipermail\E |
 735	\Qspinics.net\E
 736)};
 737
 738our @typeListMisordered = (
 739	qr{char\s+(?:un)?signed},
 740	qr{int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s},
 741	qr{int\s+short(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 742	qr{short\s+int(?:\s+(?:un)?signed)},
 743	qr{(?:un)?signed\s+int\s+short},
 744	qr{short\s+(?:un)?signed},
 745	qr{long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 746	qr{int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 747	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 748	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed\s+long},
 749	qr{int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 750	qr{int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 751	qr{long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed},
 752	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int},
 753	qr{long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 754	qr{long\s+(?:un)?signed},
 755);
 756
 757our @typeList = (
 758	qr{void},
 759	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?char},
 760	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short\s+int},
 761	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?short},
 762	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int},
 763	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int},
 764	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int},
 765	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long},
 766	qr{(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long},
 767	qr{(?:un)?signed},
 768	qr{float},
 769	qr{double},
 770	qr{bool},
 771	qr{struct\s+$Ident},
 772	qr{union\s+$Ident},
 773	qr{enum\s+$Ident},
 774	qr{${Ident}_t},
 775	qr{${Ident}_handler},
 776	qr{${Ident}_handler_fn},
 777	@typeListMisordered,
 778);
 779
 780our $C90_int_types = qr{(?x:
 781	long\s+long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 782	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 783	long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 784	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long\s+int|
 785	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 786	int\s+long\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 787	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+long|
 788
 789	long\s+int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 790	long\s+(?:un)?signed\s+int|
 791	long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 792	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long\s+int|
 793	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 794	int\s+long\s+(?:un)?signed|
 795	int\s+(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?long|
 796
 797	int\s+(?:un)?signed|
 798	(?:(?:un)?signed\s+)?int
 799)};
 800
 801our @typeListFile = ();
 802our @typeListWithAttr = (
 803	@typeList,
 804	qr{struct\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 805	qr{union\s+$InitAttribute\s+$Ident},
 806);
 807
 808our @modifierList = (
 809	qr{fastcall},
 810);
 811our @modifierListFile = ();
 812
 813our @mode_permission_funcs = (
 814	["module_param", 3],
 815	["module_param_(?:array|named|string)", 4],
 816	["module_param_array_named", 5],
 817	["debugfs_create_(?:file|u8|u16|u32|u64|x8|x16|x32|x64|size_t|atomic_t|bool|blob|regset32|u32_array)", 2],
 818	["proc_create(?:_data|)", 2],
 819	["(?:CLASS|DEVICE|SENSOR|SENSOR_DEVICE|IIO_DEVICE)_ATTR", 2],
 820	["IIO_DEV_ATTR_[A-Z_]+", 1],
 821	["SENSOR_(?:DEVICE_|)ATTR_2", 2],
 822	["SENSOR_TEMPLATE(?:_2|)", 3],
 823	["__ATTR", 2],
 824);
 825
 826my $word_pattern = '\b[A-Z]?[a-z]{2,}\b';
 827
 828#Create a search pattern for all these functions to speed up a loop below
 829our $mode_perms_search = "";
 830foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
 831	$mode_perms_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_search ne "");
 832	$mode_perms_search .= $entry->[0];
 833}
 834$mode_perms_search = "(?:${mode_perms_search})";
 835
 836our %deprecated_apis = (
 837	"synchronize_rcu_bh"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 838	"synchronize_rcu_bh_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 839	"call_rcu_bh"				=> "call_rcu",
 840	"rcu_barrier_bh"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 841	"synchronize_sched"			=> "synchronize_rcu",
 842	"synchronize_sched_expedited"		=> "synchronize_rcu_expedited",
 843	"call_rcu_sched"			=> "call_rcu",
 844	"rcu_barrier_sched"			=> "rcu_barrier",
 845	"get_state_synchronize_sched"		=> "get_state_synchronize_rcu",
 846	"cond_synchronize_sched"		=> "cond_synchronize_rcu",
 847	"kmap"					=> "kmap_local_page",
 848	"kunmap"				=> "kunmap_local",
 849	"kmap_atomic"				=> "kmap_local_page",
 850	"kunmap_atomic"				=> "kunmap_local",
 851);
 852
 853#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 854our $deprecated_apis_search = "";
 855foreach my $entry (keys %deprecated_apis) {
 856	$deprecated_apis_search .= '|' if ($deprecated_apis_search ne "");
 857	$deprecated_apis_search .= $entry;
 858}
 859$deprecated_apis_search = "(?:${deprecated_apis_search})";
 860
 861our $mode_perms_world_writable = qr{
 862	S_IWUGO		|
 863	S_IWOTH		|
 864	S_IRWXUGO	|
 865	S_IALLUGO	|
 866	0[0-7][0-7][2367]
 867}x;
 868
 869our %mode_permission_string_types = (
 870	"S_IRWXU" => 0700,
 871	"S_IRUSR" => 0400,
 872	"S_IWUSR" => 0200,
 873	"S_IXUSR" => 0100,
 874	"S_IRWXG" => 0070,
 875	"S_IRGRP" => 0040,
 876	"S_IWGRP" => 0020,
 877	"S_IXGRP" => 0010,
 878	"S_IRWXO" => 0007,
 879	"S_IROTH" => 0004,
 880	"S_IWOTH" => 0002,
 881	"S_IXOTH" => 0001,
 882	"S_IRWXUGO" => 0777,
 883	"S_IRUGO" => 0444,
 884	"S_IWUGO" => 0222,
 885	"S_IXUGO" => 0111,
 886);
 887
 888#Create a search pattern for all these strings to speed up a loop below
 889our $mode_perms_string_search = "";
 890foreach my $entry (keys %mode_permission_string_types) {
 891	$mode_perms_string_search .= '|' if ($mode_perms_string_search ne "");
 892	$mode_perms_string_search .= $entry;
 893}
 894our $single_mode_perms_string_search = "(?:${mode_perms_string_search})";
 895our $multi_mode_perms_string_search = qr{
 896	${single_mode_perms_string_search}
 897	(?:\s*\|\s*${single_mode_perms_string_search})*
 898}x;
 899
 900sub perms_to_octal {
 901	my ($string) = @_;
 902
 903	return trim($string) if ($string =~ /^\s*0[0-7]{3,3}\s*$/);
 904
 905	my $val = "";
 906	my $oval = "";
 907	my $to = 0;
 908	my $curpos = 0;
 909	my $lastpos = 0;
 910	while ($string =~ /\b(($single_mode_perms_string_search)\b(?:\s*\|\s*)?\s*)/g) {
 911		$curpos = pos($string);
 912		my $match = $2;
 913		my $omatch = $1;
 914		last if ($lastpos > 0 && ($curpos - length($omatch) != $lastpos));
 915		$lastpos = $curpos;
 916		$to |= $mode_permission_string_types{$match};
 917		$val .= '\s*\|\s*' if ($val ne "");
 918		$val .= $match;
 919		$oval .= $omatch;
 920	}
 921	$oval =~ s/^\s*\|\s*//;
 922	$oval =~ s/\s*\|\s*$//;
 923	return sprintf("%04o", $to);
 924}
 925
 926our $allowed_asm_includes = qr{(?x:
 927	irq|
 928	memory|
 929	time|
 930	reboot
 931)};
 932# memory.h: ARM has a custom one
 933
 934# Load common spelling mistakes and build regular expression list.
 935my $misspellings;
 936my %spelling_fix;
 937
 938if (open(my $spelling, '<', $spelling_file)) {
 939	while (<$spelling>) {
 940		my $line = $_;
 941
 942		$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 943		$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 944
 945		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 946		next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 947
 948		my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/\|\|/, $line);
 949
 950		$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 951	}
 952	close($spelling);
 953} else {
 954	warn "No typos will be found - file '$spelling_file': $!\n";
 955}
 956
 957if ($codespell) {
 958	if (open(my $spelling, '<', $codespellfile)) {
 959		while (<$spelling>) {
 960			my $line = $_;
 961
 962			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 963			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 964
 965			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 966			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 967			next if ($line =~ m/, disabled/i);
 968
 969			$line =~ s/,.*$//;
 970
 971			my ($suspect, $fix) = split(/->/, $line);
 972
 973			$spelling_fix{$suspect} = $fix;
 974		}
 975		close($spelling);
 976	} else {
 977		warn "No codespell typos will be found - file '$codespellfile': $!\n";
 978	}
 979}
 980
 981$misspellings = join("|", sort keys %spelling_fix) if keys %spelling_fix;
 982
 983sub read_words {
 984	my ($wordsRef, $file) = @_;
 985
 986	if (open(my $words, '<', $file)) {
 987		while (<$words>) {
 988			my $line = $_;
 989
 990			$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
 991			$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
 992
 993			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
 994			next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
 995			if ($line =~ /\s/) {
 996				print("$file: '$line' invalid - ignored\n");
 997				next;
 998			}
 999
1000			$$wordsRef .= '|' if (defined $$wordsRef);
1001			$$wordsRef .= $line;
1002		}
1003		close($file);
1004		return 1;
1005	}
1006
1007	return 0;
1008}
1009
1010my $const_structs;
1011if (show_type("CONST_STRUCT")) {
1012	read_words(\$const_structs, $conststructsfile)
1013	    or warn "No structs that should be const will be found - file '$conststructsfile': $!\n";
1014}
1015
1016if (defined($typedefsfile)) {
1017	my $typeOtherTypedefs;
1018	read_words(\$typeOtherTypedefs, $typedefsfile)
1019	    or warn "No additional types will be considered - file '$typedefsfile': $!\n";
1020	$typeTypedefs .= '|' . $typeOtherTypedefs if (defined $typeOtherTypedefs);
1021}
1022
1023sub build_types {
1024	my $mods = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@modifierList, @modifierListFile)) . "\n)";
1025	my $all = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", (@typeList, @typeListFile)) . "\n)";
1026	my $Misordered = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListMisordered) . "\n)";
1027	my $allWithAttr = "(?x:  \n" . join("|\n  ", @typeListWithAttr) . "\n)";
1028	$Modifier	= qr{(?:$Attribute|$Sparse|$mods)};
1029	$BasicType	= qr{
1030				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1031				(?:${all}\b)
1032		}x;
1033	$NonptrType	= qr{
1034			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1035			(?:
1036				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1037				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1038				(?:${all}\b)
1039			)
1040			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1041		  }x;
1042	$NonptrTypeMisordered	= qr{
1043			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1044			(?:
1045				(?:${Misordered}\b)
1046			)
1047			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1048		  }x;
1049	$NonptrTypeWithAttr	= qr{
1050			(?:$Modifier\s+|const\s+)*
1051			(?:
1052				(?:typeof|__typeof__)\s*\([^\)]*\)|
1053				(?:$typeTypedefs\b)|
1054				(?:${allWithAttr}\b)
1055			)
1056			(?:\s+$Modifier|\s+const)*
1057		  }x;
1058	$Type	= qr{
1059			$NonptrType
1060			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1061			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1062		  }x;
1063	$TypeMisordered	= qr{
1064			$NonptrTypeMisordered
1065			(?:(?:\s|\*|\[\])+\s*const|(?:\s|\*\s*(?:const\s*)?|\[\])+|(?:\s*\[\s*\])+){0,4}
1066			(?:\s+$Inline|\s+$Modifier)*
1067		  }x;
1068	$Declare	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$Type};
1069	$DeclareMisordered	= qr{(?:$Storage\s+(?:$Inline\s+)?)?$TypeMisordered};
1070}
1071build_types();
1072
1073our $Typecast	= qr{\s*(\(\s*$NonptrType\s*\)){0,1}\s*};
1074
1075# Using $balanced_parens, $LvalOrFunc, or $FuncArg
1076# requires at least perl version v5.10.0
1077# Any use must be runtime checked with $^V
1078
1079our $balanced_parens = qr/(\((?:[^\(\)]++|(?-1))*\))/;
1080our $LvalOrFunc	= qr{((?:[\&\*]\s*)?$Lval)\s*($balanced_parens{0,1})\s*};
1081our $FuncArg = qr{$Typecast{0,1}($LvalOrFunc|$Constant|$String)};
1082
1083our $declaration_macros = qr{(?x:
1084	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:[A-Z_][A-Z0-9]*_){0,2}(?:DEFINE|DECLARE)(?:_[A-Z0-9]+){1,6}\s*\(|
1085	(?:$Storage\s+)?[HLP]?LIST_HEAD\s*\(|
1086	(?:SKCIPHER_REQUEST|SHASH_DESC|AHASH_REQUEST)_ON_STACK\s*\(|
1087	(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:XA_STATE|XA_STATE_ORDER)\s*\(
1088)};
1089
1090our %allow_repeated_words = (
1091	add => '',
1092	added => '',
1093	bad => '',
1094	be => '',
1095);
1096
1097sub deparenthesize {
1098	my ($string) = @_;
1099	return "" if (!defined($string));
1100
1101	while ($string =~ /^\s*\(.*\)\s*$/) {
1102		$string =~ s@^\s*\(\s*@@;
1103		$string =~ s@\s*\)\s*$@@;
1104	}
1105
1106	$string =~ s@\s+@ @g;
1107
1108	return $string;
1109}
1110
1111sub seed_camelcase_file {
1112	my ($file) = @_;
1113
1114	return if (!(-f $file));
1115
1116	local $/;
1117
1118	open(my $include_file, '<', "$file")
1119	    or warn "$P: Can't read '$file' $!\n";
1120	my $text = <$include_file>;
1121	close($include_file);
1122
1123	my @lines = split('\n', $text);
1124
1125	foreach my $line (@lines) {
1126		next if ($line !~ /(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])/);
1127		if ($line =~ /^[ \t]*(?:#[ \t]*define|typedef\s+$Type)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)/) {
1128			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1129		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*$Declare\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[\(\[,;]/) {
1130			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1131		} elsif ($line =~ /^\s*(?:union|struct|enum)\s+(\w*(?:[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z])\w*)\s*[;\{]/) {
1132			$camelcase{$1} = 1;
1133		}
1134	}
1135}
1136
1137our %maintained_status = ();
1138
1139sub is_maintained_obsolete {
1140	my ($filename) = @_;
1141
1142	return 0 if (!$tree || !(-e "$root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl"));
1143
1144	if (!exists($maintained_status{$filename})) {
1145		$maintained_status{$filename} = `perl $root/scripts/get_maintainer.pl --status --nom --nol --nogit --nogit-fallback -f $filename 2>&1`;
1146	}
1147
1148	return $maintained_status{$filename} =~ /obsolete/i;
1149}
1150
1151sub is_SPDX_License_valid {
1152	my ($license) = @_;
1153
1154	return 1 if (!$tree || which("python3") eq "" || !(-x "$root/scripts/spdxcheck.py") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1155
1156	my $root_path = abs_path($root);
1157	my $status = `cd "$root_path"; echo "$license" | scripts/spdxcheck.py -`;
1158	return 0 if ($status ne "");
1159	return 1;
1160}
1161
1162my $camelcase_seeded = 0;
1163sub seed_camelcase_includes {
1164	return if ($camelcase_seeded);
1165
1166	my $files;
1167	my $camelcase_cache = "";
1168	my @include_files = ();
1169
1170	$camelcase_seeded = 1;
1171
1172	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1173		my $git_last_include_commit = `${git_command} log --no-merges --pretty=format:"%h%n" -1 -- include`;
1174		chomp $git_last_include_commit;
1175		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.git.$git_last_include_commit";
1176	} else {
1177		my $last_mod_date = 0;
1178		$files = `find $root/include -name "*.h"`;
1179		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1180		foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1181			my $date = POSIX::strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M",
1182						   localtime((stat $file)[9]));
1183			$last_mod_date = $date if ($last_mod_date < $date);
1184		}
1185		$camelcase_cache = ".checkpatch-camelcase.date.$last_mod_date";
1186	}
1187
1188	if ($camelcase_cache ne "" && -f $camelcase_cache) {
1189		open(my $camelcase_file, '<', "$camelcase_cache")
1190		    or warn "$P: Can't read '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1191		while (<$camelcase_file>) {
1192			chomp;
1193			$camelcase{$_} = 1;
1194		}
1195		close($camelcase_file);
1196
1197		return;
1198	}
1199
1200	if (-e "$gitroot") {
1201		$files = `${git_command} ls-files "include/*.h"`;
1202		@include_files = split('\n', $files);
1203	}
1204
1205	foreach my $file (@include_files) {
1206		seed_camelcase_file($file);
1207	}
1208
1209	if ($camelcase_cache ne "") {
1210		unlink glob ".checkpatch-camelcase.*";
1211		open(my $camelcase_file, '>', "$camelcase_cache")
1212		    or warn "$P: Can't write '$camelcase_cache' $!\n";
1213		foreach (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys(%camelcase)) {
1214			print $camelcase_file ("$_\n");
1215		}
1216		close($camelcase_file);
1217	}
1218}
1219
1220sub git_is_single_file {
1221	my ($filename) = @_;
1222
1223	return 0 if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1224
1225	my $output = `${git_command} ls-files -- $filename 2>/dev/null`;
1226	my $count = $output =~ tr/\n//;
1227	return $count eq 1 && $output =~ m{^${filename}$};
1228}
1229
1230sub git_commit_info {
1231	my ($commit, $id, $desc) = @_;
1232
1233	return ($id, $desc) if ((which("git") eq "") || !(-e "$gitroot"));
1234
1235	my $output = `${git_command} log --no-color --format='%H %s' -1 $commit 2>&1`;
1236	$output =~ s/^\s*//gm;
1237	my @lines = split("\n", $output);
1238
1239	return ($id, $desc) if ($#lines < 0);
1240
1241	if ($lines[0] =~ /^error: short SHA1 $commit is ambiguous/) {
1242# Maybe one day convert this block of bash into something that returns
1243# all matching commit ids, but it's very slow...
1244#
1245#		echo "checking commits $1..."
1246#		git rev-list --remotes | grep -i "^$1" |
1247#		while read line ; do
1248#		    git log --format='%H %s' -1 $line |
1249#		    echo "commit $(cut -c 1-12,41-)"
1250#		done
1251	} elsif ($lines[0] =~ /^fatal: ambiguous argument '$commit': unknown revision or path not in the working tree\./ ||
1252		 $lines[0] =~ /^fatal: bad object $commit/) {
1253		$id = undef;
1254	} else {
1255		$id = substr($lines[0], 0, 12);
1256		$desc = substr($lines[0], 41);
1257	}
1258
1259	return ($id, $desc);
1260}
1261
1262$chk_signoff = 0 if ($file);
1263$chk_fixes_tag = 0 if ($file);
1264
1265my @rawlines = ();
1266my @lines = ();
1267my @fixed = ();
1268my @fixed_inserted = ();
1269my @fixed_deleted = ();
1270my $fixlinenr = -1;
1271
1272# If input is git commits, extract all commits from the commit expressions.
1273# For example, HEAD-3 means we need check 'HEAD, HEAD~1, HEAD~2'.
1274die "$P: No git repository found\n" if ($git && !-e "$gitroot");
1275
1276if ($git) {
1277	my @commits = ();
1278	foreach my $commit_expr (@ARGV) {
1279		my $git_range;
1280		if ($commit_expr =~ m/^(.*)-(\d+)$/) {
1281			$git_range = "-$2 $1";
1282		} elsif ($commit_expr =~ m/\.\./) {
1283			$git_range = "$commit_expr";
1284		} else {
1285			$git_range = "-1 $commit_expr";
1286		}
1287		my $lines = `${git_command} log --no-color --no-merges --pretty=format:'%H %s' $git_range`;
1288		foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $lines)) {
1289			$line =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]{40,40}) (.*)$/;
1290			next if (!defined($1) || !defined($2));
1291			my $sha1 = $1;
1292			my $subject = $2;
1293			unshift(@commits, $sha1);
1294			$git_commits{$sha1} = $subject;
1295		}
1296	}
1297	die "$P: no git commits after extraction!\n" if (@commits == 0);
1298	@ARGV = @commits;
1299}
1300
1301my $vname;
1302$allow_c99_comments = !defined $ignore_type{"C99_COMMENT_TOLERANCE"};
1303for my $filename (@ARGV) {
1304	my $FILE;
1305	my $is_git_file = git_is_single_file($filename);
1306	my $oldfile = $file;
1307	$file = 1 if ($is_git_file);
1308	if ($git) {
1309		open($FILE, '-|', "git format-patch -M --stdout -1 $filename") ||
1310			die "$P: $filename: git format-patch failed - $!\n";
1311	} elsif ($file) {
1312		open($FILE, '-|', "diff -u /dev/null $filename") ||
1313			die "$P: $filename: diff failed - $!\n";
1314	} elsif ($filename eq '-') {
1315		open($FILE, '<&STDIN');
1316	} else {
1317		open($FILE, '<', "$filename") ||
1318			die "$P: $filename: open failed - $!\n";
1319	}
1320	if ($filename eq '-') {
1321		$vname = 'Your patch';
1322	} elsif ($git) {
1323		$vname = "Commit " . substr($filename, 0, 12) . ' ("' . $git_commits{$filename} . '")';
1324	} else {
1325		$vname = $filename;
1326	}
1327	while (<$FILE>) {
1328		chomp;
1329		push(@rawlines, $_);
1330		$vname = qq("$1") if ($filename eq '-' && $_ =~ m/^Subject:\s+(.+)/i);
1331	}
1332	close($FILE);
1333
1334	if ($#ARGV > 0 && $quiet == 0) {
1335		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1336		print "$vname\n";
1337		print '-' x length($vname) . "\n";
1338	}
1339
1340	if (!process($filename)) {
1341		$exit = 1;
1342	}
1343	@rawlines = ();
1344	@lines = ();
1345	@fixed = ();
1346	@fixed_inserted = ();
1347	@fixed_deleted = ();
1348	$fixlinenr = -1;
1349	@modifierListFile = ();
1350	@typeListFile = ();
1351	build_types();
1352	$file = $oldfile if ($is_git_file);
1353}
1354
1355if (!$quiet) {
1356	hash_show_words(\%use_type, "Used");
1357	hash_show_words(\%ignore_type, "Ignored");
1358
1359	if (!$perl_version_ok) {
1360		print << "EOM"
1361
1362NOTE: perl $^V is not modern enough to detect all possible issues.
1363      An upgrade to at least perl $minimum_perl_version is suggested.
1364EOM
1365	}
1366	if ($exit) {
1367		print << "EOM"
1368
1369NOTE: If any of the errors are false positives, please report
1370      them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS.
1371EOM
1372	}
1373}
1374
1375exit($exit);
1376
1377sub top_of_kernel_tree {
1378	my ($root) = @_;
1379
1380	my @tree_check = (
1381		"COPYING", "CREDITS", "Kbuild", "MAINTAINERS", "Makefile",
1382		"README", "Documentation", "arch", "include", "drivers",
1383		"fs", "init", "ipc", "kernel", "lib", "scripts",
1384	);
1385
1386	foreach my $check (@tree_check) {
1387		if (! -e $root . '/' . $check) {
1388			return 0;
1389		}
1390	}
1391	return 1;
1392}
1393
1394sub parse_email {
1395	my ($formatted_email) = @_;
1396
1397	my $name = "";
1398	my $quoted = "";
1399	my $name_comment = "";
1400	my $address = "";
1401	my $comment = "";
1402
1403	if ($formatted_email =~ /^(.*)<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1404		$name = $1;
1405		$address = $2;
1406		$comment = $3 if defined $3;
1407	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^\s*<(\S+\@\S+)>(.*)$/) {
1408		$address = $1;
1409		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1410	} elsif ($formatted_email =~ /(\S+\@\S+)(.*)$/) {
1411		$address = $1;
1412		$comment = $2 if defined $2;
1413		$formatted_email =~ s/\Q$address\E.*$//;
1414		$name = $formatted_email;
1415		$name = trim($name);
1416		$name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
1417		# If there's a name left after stripping spaces and
1418		# leading quotes, and the address doesn't have both
1419		# leading and trailing angle brackets, the address
1420		# is invalid. ie:
1421		#   "joe smith joe@smith.com" bad
1422		#   "joe smith <joe@smith.com" bad
1423		if ($name ne "" && $address !~ /^<[^>]+>$/) {
1424			$name = "";
1425			$address = "";
1426			$comment = "";
1427		}
1428	}
1429
1430	# Extract comments from names excluding quoted parts
1431	# "John D. (Doe)" - Do not extract
1432	if ($name =~ s/\"(.+)\"//) {
1433		$quoted = $1;
1434	}
1435	while ($name =~ s/\s*($balanced_parens)\s*/ /) {
1436		$name_comment .= trim($1);
1437	}
1438	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1439	$name = trim("$quoted $name");
1440
1441	$address = trim($address);
1442	$address =~ s/^\<|\>$//g;
1443	$comment = trim($comment);
1444
1445	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1446		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1447		$name = "\"$name\"";
1448	}
1449
1450	return ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment);
1451}
1452
1453sub format_email {
1454	my ($name, $name_comment, $address, $comment) = @_;
1455
1456	my $formatted_email;
1457
1458	$name =~ s/^[ \"]+|[ \"]+$//g;
1459	$address = trim($address);
1460	$address =~ s/(?:\.|\,|\")+$//; ##trailing commas, dots or quotes
1461
1462	if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) { ##has "must quote" chars
1463		$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g; ##escape quotes
1464		$name = "\"$name\"";
1465	}
1466
1467	$name_comment = trim($name_comment);
1468	$name_comment = " $name_comment" if ($name_comment ne "");
1469	$comment = trim($comment);
1470	$comment = " $comment" if ($comment ne "");
1471
1472	if ("$name" eq "") {
1473		$formatted_email = "$address";
1474	} else {
1475		$formatted_email = "$name$name_comment <$address>";
1476	}
1477	$formatted_email .= "$comment";
1478	return $formatted_email;
1479}
1480
1481sub reformat_email {
1482	my ($email) = @_;
1483
1484	my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
1485	return format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment);
1486}
1487
1488sub same_email_addresses {
1489	my ($email1, $email2) = @_;
1490
1491	my ($email1_name, $name1_comment, $email1_address, $comment1) = parse_email($email1);
1492	my ($email2_name, $name2_comment, $email2_address, $comment2) = parse_email($email2);
1493
1494	return $email1_name eq $email2_name &&
1495	       $email1_address eq $email2_address &&
1496	       $name1_comment eq $name2_comment &&
1497	       $comment1 eq $comment2;
1498}
1499
1500sub which {
1501	my ($bin) = @_;
1502
1503	foreach my $path (split(/:/, $ENV{PATH})) {
1504		if (-e "$path/$bin") {
1505			return "$path/$bin";
1506		}
1507	}
1508
1509	return "";
1510}
1511
1512sub which_conf {
1513	my ($conf) = @_;
1514
1515	foreach my $path (split(/:/, ".:$ENV{HOME}:.scripts")) {
1516		if (-e "$path/$conf") {
1517			return "$path/$conf";
1518		}
1519	}
1520
1521	return "";
1522}
1523
1524sub expand_tabs {
1525	my ($str) = @_;
1526
1527	my $res = '';
1528	my $n = 0;
1529	for my $c (split(//, $str)) {
1530		if ($c eq "\t") {
1531			$res .= ' ';
1532			$n++;
1533			for (; ($n % $tabsize) != 0; $n++) {
1534				$res .= ' ';
1535			}
1536			next;
1537		}
1538		$res .= $c;
1539		$n++;
1540	}
1541
1542	return $res;
1543}
1544sub copy_spacing {
1545	(my $res = shift) =~ tr/\t/ /c;
1546	return $res;
1547}
1548
1549sub line_stats {
1550	my ($line) = @_;
1551
1552	# Drop the diff line leader and expand tabs
1553	$line =~ s/^.//;
1554	$line = expand_tabs($line);
1555
1556	# Pick the indent from the front of the line.
1557	my ($white) = ($line =~ /^(\s*)/);
1558
1559	return (length($line), length($white));
1560}
1561
1562my $sanitise_quote = '';
1563
1564sub sanitise_line_reset {
1565	my ($in_comment) = @_;
1566
1567	if ($in_comment) {
1568		$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1569	} else {
1570		$sanitise_quote = '';
1571	}
1572}
1573sub sanitise_line {
1574	my ($line) = @_;
1575
1576	my $res = '';
1577	my $l = '';
1578
1579	my $qlen = 0;
1580	my $off = 0;
1581	my $c;
1582
1583	# Always copy over the diff marker.
1584	$res = substr($line, 0, 1);
1585
1586	for ($off = 1; $off < length($line); $off++) {
1587		$c = substr($line, $off, 1);
1588
1589		# Comments we are whacking completely including the begin
1590		# and end, all to $;.
1591		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '/*') {
1592			$sanitise_quote = '*/';
1593
1594			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1595			$off++;
1596			next;
1597		}
1598		if ($sanitise_quote eq '*/' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '*/') {
1599			$sanitise_quote = '';
1600			substr($res, $off, 2, "$;$;");
1601			$off++;
1602			next;
1603		}
1604		if ($sanitise_quote eq '' && substr($line, $off, 2) eq '//') {
1605			$sanitise_quote = '//';
1606
1607			substr($res, $off, 2, $sanitise_quote);
1608			$off++;
1609			next;
1610		}
1611
1612		# A \ in a string means ignore the next character.
1613		if (($sanitise_quote eq "'" || $sanitise_quote eq '"') &&
1614		    $c eq "\\") {
1615			substr($res, $off, 2, 'XX');
1616			$off++;
1617			next;
1618		}
1619		# Regular quotes.
1620		if ($c eq "'" || $c eq '"') {
1621			if ($sanitise_quote eq '') {
1622				$sanitise_quote = $c;
1623
1624				substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1625				next;
1626			} elsif ($sanitise_quote eq $c) {
1627				$sanitise_quote = '';
1628			}
1629		}
1630
1631		#print "c<$c> SQ<$sanitise_quote>\n";
1632		if ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '*/' && $c ne "\t") {
1633			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1634		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote eq '//' && $c ne "\t") {
1635			substr($res, $off, 1, $;);
1636		} elsif ($off != 0 && $sanitise_quote && $c ne "\t") {
1637			substr($res, $off, 1, 'X');
1638		} else {
1639			substr($res, $off, 1, $c);
1640		}
1641	}
1642
1643	if ($sanitise_quote eq '//') {
1644		$sanitise_quote = '';
1645	}
1646
1647	# The pathname on a #include may be surrounded by '<' and '>'.
1648	if ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*include\s+\<(.*)\>/) {
1649		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1650		$res =~ s@\<.*\>@<$clean>@;
1651
1652	# The whole of a #error is a string.
1653	} elsif ($res =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+(.*)\b/) {
1654		my $clean = 'X' x length($1);
1655		$res =~ s@(\#\s*(?:error|warning)\s+).*@$1$clean@;
1656	}
1657
1658	if ($allow_c99_comments && $res =~ m@(//.*$)@) {
1659		my $match = $1;
1660		$res =~ s/\Q$match\E/"$;" x length($match)/e;
1661	}
1662
1663	return $res;
1664}
1665
1666sub get_quoted_string {
1667	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
1668
1669	return "" if (!defined($line) || !defined($rawline));
1670	return "" if ($line !~ m/($String)/g);
1671	return substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
1672}
1673
1674sub ctx_statement_block {
1675	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1676	my $line = $linenr - 1;
1677	my $blk = '';
1678	my $soff = $off;
1679	my $coff = $off - 1;
1680	my $coff_set = 0;
1681
1682	my $loff = 0;
1683
1684	my $type = '';
1685	my $level = 0;
1686	my @stack = ();
1687	my $p;
1688	my $c;
1689	my $len = 0;
1690
1691	my $remainder;
1692	while (1) {
1693		@stack = (['', 0]) if ($#stack == -1);
1694
1695		#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> remain<$remain>\n";
1696		# If we are about to drop off the end, pull in more
1697		# context.
1698		if ($off >= $len) {
1699			for (; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1700				last if (!defined $lines[$line]);
1701				next if ($lines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1702				$remain--;
1703				$loff = $len;
1704				$blk .= $lines[$line] . "\n";
1705				$len = length($blk);
1706				$line++;
1707				last;
1708			}
1709			# Bail if there is no further context.
1710			#warn "CSB: blk<$blk> off<$off> len<$len>\n";
1711			if ($off >= $len) {
1712				last;
1713			}
1714			if ($level == 0 && substr($blk, $off) =~ /^.\s*#\s*define/) {
1715				$level++;
1716				$type = '#';
1717			}
1718		}
1719		$p = $c;
1720		$c = substr($blk, $off, 1);
1721		$remainder = substr($blk, $off);
1722
1723		#warn "CSB: c<$c> type<$type> level<$level> remainder<$remainder> coff_set<$coff_set>\n";
1724
1725		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1726		if ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1727			push(@stack, [ $type, $level ]);
1728		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1729			($type, $level) = @{$stack[$#stack - 1]};
1730		} elsif ($remainder =~ /^#\s*endif\b/) {
1731			($type, $level) = @{pop(@stack)};
1732		}
1733
1734		# Statement ends at the ';' or a close '}' at the
1735		# outermost level.
1736		if ($level == 0 && $c eq ';') {
1737			last;
1738		}
1739
1740		# An else is really a conditional as long as its not else if
1741		if ($level == 0 && $coff_set == 0 &&
1742				(!defined($p) || $p =~ /(?:\s|\}|\+)/) &&
1743				$remainder =~ /^(else)(?:\s|{)/ &&
1744				$remainder !~ /^else\s+if\b/) {
1745			$coff = $off + length($1) - 1;
1746			$coff_set = 1;
1747			#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff> soff<$soff> 1<$1>\n";
1748			#warn "[" . substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1) . "]\n";
1749		}
1750
1751		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '(') && $c eq '(') {
1752			$level++;
1753			$type = '(';
1754		}
1755		if ($type eq '(' && $c eq ')') {
1756			$level--;
1757			$type = ($level != 0)? '(' : '';
1758
1759			if ($level == 0 && $coff < $soff) {
1760				$coff = $off;
1761				$coff_set = 1;
1762				#warn "CSB: mark coff<$coff>\n";
1763			}
1764		}
1765		if (($type eq '' || $type eq '{') && $c eq '{') {
1766			$level++;
1767			$type = '{';
1768		}
1769		if ($type eq '{' && $c eq '}') {
1770			$level--;
1771			$type = ($level != 0)? '{' : '';
1772
1773			if ($level == 0) {
1774				if (substr($blk, $off + 1, 1) eq ';') {
1775					$off++;
1776				}
1777				last;
1778			}
1779		}
1780		# Preprocessor commands end at the newline unless escaped.
1781		if ($type eq '#' && $c eq "\n" && $p ne "\\") {
1782			$level--;
1783			$type = '';
1784			$off++;
1785			last;
1786		}
1787		$off++;
1788	}
1789	# We are truly at the end, so shuffle to the next line.
1790	if ($off == $len) {
1791		$loff = $len + 1;
1792		$line++;
1793		$remain--;
1794	}
1795
1796	my $statement = substr($blk, $soff, $off - $soff + 1);
1797	my $condition = substr($blk, $soff, $coff - $soff + 1);
1798
1799	#warn "STATEMENT<$statement>\n";
1800	#warn "CONDITION<$condition>\n";
1801
1802	#print "coff<$coff> soff<$off> loff<$loff>\n";
1803
1804	return ($statement, $condition,
1805			$line, $remain + 1, $off - $loff + 1, $level);
1806}
1807
1808sub statement_lines {
1809	my ($stmt) = @_;
1810
1811	# Strip the diff line prefixes and rip blank lines at start and end.
1812	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1813	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1814	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1815
1816	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1817
1818	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1819}
1820
1821sub statement_rawlines {
1822	my ($stmt) = @_;
1823
1824	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1825
1826	return $#stmt_lines + 2;
1827}
1828
1829sub statement_block_size {
1830	my ($stmt) = @_;
1831
1832	$stmt =~ s/(^|\n)./$1/g;
1833	$stmt =~ s/^\s*{//;
1834	$stmt =~ s/}\s*$//;
1835	$stmt =~ s/^\s*//;
1836	$stmt =~ s/\s*$//;
1837
1838	my @stmt_lines = ($stmt =~ /\n/g);
1839	my @stmt_statements = ($stmt =~ /;/g);
1840
1841	my $stmt_lines = $#stmt_lines + 2;
1842	my $stmt_statements = $#stmt_statements + 1;
1843
1844	if ($stmt_lines > $stmt_statements) {
1845		return $stmt_lines;
1846	} else {
1847		return $stmt_statements;
1848	}
1849}
1850
1851sub ctx_statement_full {
1852	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1853	my ($statement, $condition, $level);
1854
1855	my (@chunks);
1856
1857	# Grab the first conditional/block pair.
1858	($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1859				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1860	#print "F: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1861	push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1862	if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^\s*(?:\n[+-])?\s*(?:if|else|do)\b/s)) {
1863		return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1864	}
1865
1866	# Pull in the following conditional/block pairs and see if they
1867	# could continue the statement.
1868	for (;;) {
1869		($statement, $condition, $linenr, $remain, $off, $level) =
1870				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $remain, $off);
1871		#print "C: c<$condition> s<$statement> remain<$remain>\n";
1872		last if (!($remain > 0 && $condition =~ /^(?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*(?:else|do)\b/s));
1873		#print "C: push\n";
1874		push(@chunks, [ $condition, $statement ]);
1875	}
1876
1877	return ($level, $linenr, @chunks);
1878}
1879
1880sub ctx_block_get {
1881	my ($linenr, $remain, $outer, $open, $close, $off) = @_;
1882	my $line;
1883	my $start = $linenr - 1;
1884	my $blk = '';
1885	my @o;
1886	my @c;
1887	my @res = ();
1888
1889	my $level = 0;
1890	my @stack = ($level);
1891	for ($line = $start; $remain > 0; $line++) {
1892		next if ($rawlines[$line] =~ /^-/);
1893		$remain--;
1894
1895		$blk .= $rawlines[$line];
1896
1897		# Handle nested #if/#else.
1898		if ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:ifndef|ifdef|if)\s/) {
1899			push(@stack, $level);
1900		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*(?:else|elif)\b/) {
1901			$level = $stack[$#stack - 1];
1902		} elsif ($lines[$line] =~ /^.\s*#\s*endif\b/) {
1903			$level = pop(@stack);
1904		}
1905
1906		foreach my $c (split(//, $lines[$line])) {
1907			##print "C<$c>L<$level><$open$close>O<$off>\n";
1908			if ($off > 0) {
1909				$off--;
1910				next;
1911			}
1912
1913			if ($c eq $close && $level > 0) {
1914				$level--;
1915				last if ($level == 0);
1916			} elsif ($c eq $open) {
1917				$level++;
1918			}
1919		}
1920
1921		if (!$outer || $level <= 1) {
1922			push(@res, $rawlines[$line]);
1923		}
1924
1925		last if ($level == 0);
1926	}
1927
1928	return ($level, @res);
1929}
1930sub ctx_block_outer {
1931	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1932
1933	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 1, '{', '}', 0);
1934	return @r;
1935}
1936sub ctx_block {
1937	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1938
1939	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1940	return @r;
1941}
1942sub ctx_statement {
1943	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1944
1945	my ($level, @r) = ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1946	return @r;
1947}
1948sub ctx_block_level {
1949	my ($linenr, $remain) = @_;
1950
1951	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '{', '}', 0);
1952}
1953sub ctx_statement_level {
1954	my ($linenr, $remain, $off) = @_;
1955
1956	return ctx_block_get($linenr, $remain, 0, '(', ')', $off);
1957}
1958
1959sub ctx_locate_comment {
1960	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
1961
1962	# If c99 comment on the current line, or the line before or after
1963	my ($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@^\+.*(//.*$)@);
1964	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1965	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 2] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1966	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1967	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line] =~ m@^[\+ ].*(//.*$)@);
1968	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1969
1970	# Catch a comment on the end of the line itself.
1971	($current_comment) = ($rawlines[$end_line - 1] =~ m@.*(/\*.*\*/)\s*(?:\\\s*)?$@);
1972	return $current_comment if (defined $current_comment);
1973
1974	# Look through the context and try and figure out if there is a
1975	# comment.
1976	my $in_comment = 0;
1977	$current_comment = '';
1978	for (my $linenr = $first_line; $linenr < $end_line; $linenr++) {
1979		my $line = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
1980		#warn "           $line\n";
1981		if ($linenr == $first_line and $line =~ m@^.\s*\*@) {
1982			$in_comment = 1;
1983		}
1984		if ($line =~ m@/\*@) {
1985			$in_comment = 1;
1986		}
1987		if (!$in_comment && $current_comment ne '') {
1988			$current_comment = '';
1989		}
1990		$current_comment .= $line . "\n" if ($in_comment);
1991		if ($line =~ m@\*/@) {
1992			$in_comment = 0;
1993		}
1994	}
1995
1996	chomp($current_comment);
1997	return($current_comment);
1998}
1999sub ctx_has_comment {
2000	my ($first_line, $end_line) = @_;
2001	my $cmt = ctx_locate_comment($first_line, $end_line);
2002
2003	##print "LINE: $rawlines[$end_line - 1 ]\n";
2004	##print "CMMT: $cmt\n";
2005
2006	return ($cmt ne '');
2007}
2008
2009sub raw_line {
2010	my ($linenr, $cnt) = @_;
2011
2012	my $offset = $linenr - 1;
2013	$cnt++;
2014
2015	my $line;
2016	while ($cnt) {
2017		$line = $rawlines[$offset++];
2018		next if (defined($line) && $line =~ /^-/);
2019		$cnt--;
2020	}
2021
2022	return $line;
2023}
2024
2025sub get_stat_real {
2026	my ($linenr, $lc) = @_;
2027
2028	my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, 0);
2029	for (my $count = $linenr + 1; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
2030		$stat_real = $stat_real . "\n" . raw_line($count, 0);
2031	}
2032
2033	return $stat_real;
2034}
2035
2036sub get_stat_here {
2037	my ($linenr, $cnt, $here) = @_;
2038
2039	my $herectx = $here . "\n";
2040	for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
2041		$herectx .= raw_line($linenr, $n) . "\n";
2042	}
2043
2044	return $herectx;
2045}
2046
2047sub cat_vet {
2048	my ($vet) = @_;
2049	my ($res, $coded);
2050
2051	$res = '';
2052	while ($vet =~ /([^[:cntrl:]]*)([[:cntrl:]]|$)/g) {
2053		$res .= $1;
2054		if ($2 ne '') {
2055			$coded = sprintf("^%c", unpack('C', $2) + 64);
2056			$res .= $coded;
2057		}
2058	}
2059	$res =~ s/$/\$/;
2060
2061	return $res;
2062}
2063
2064my $av_preprocessor = 0;
2065my $av_pending;
2066my @av_paren_type;
2067my $av_pend_colon;
2068
2069sub annotate_reset {
2070	$av_preprocessor = 0;
2071	$av_pending = '_';
2072	@av_paren_type = ('E');
2073	$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2074}
2075
2076sub annotate_values {
2077	my ($stream, $type) = @_;
2078
2079	my $res;
2080	my $var = '_' x length($stream);
2081	my $cur = $stream;
2082
2083	print "$stream\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2084
2085	while (length($cur)) {
2086		@av_paren_type = ('E') if ($#av_paren_type < 0);
2087		print " <" . join('', @av_paren_type) .
2088				"> <$type> <$av_pending>" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2089		if ($cur =~ /^(\s+)/o) {
2090			print "WS($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2091			if ($1 =~ /\n/ && $av_preprocessor) {
2092				$type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2093				$av_preprocessor = 0;
2094			}
2095
2096		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\(\s*$Type\s*)\)/ && $av_pending eq '_') {
2097			print "CAST($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2098			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2099			$type = 'c';
2100
2101		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Type)\s*(?:$Ident|,|\)|\(|\s*$)/) {
2102			print "DECLARE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2103			$type = 'T';
2104
2105		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Modifier)\s*/) {
2106			print "MODIFIER($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2107			$type = 'T';
2108
2109		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*define\s*$Ident)(\(?)/o) {
2110			print "DEFINE($1,$2)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2111			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2112			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2113			if ($2 ne '') {
2114				$av_pending = 'N';
2115			}
2116			$type = 'E';
2117
2118		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:undef\s*$Ident|include\b))/o) {
2119			print "UNDEF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2120			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2121			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2122
2123		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:ifdef|ifndef|if))/o) {
2124			print "PRE_START($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2125			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2126
2127			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2128			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2129			$type = 'E';
2130
2131		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:else|elif))/o) {
2132			print "PRE_RESTART($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2133			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2134
2135			push(@av_paren_type, $av_paren_type[$#av_paren_type]);
2136
2137			$type = 'E';
2138
2139		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\#\s*(?:endif))/o) {
2140			print "PRE_END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2141
2142			$av_preprocessor = 1;
2143
2144			# Assume all arms of the conditional end as this
2145			# one does, and continue as if the #endif was not here.
2146			pop(@av_paren_type);
2147			push(@av_paren_type, $type);
2148			$type = 'E';
2149
2150		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\\\n)/o) {
2151			print "PRECONT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2152
2153		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(__attribute__)\s*\(?/o) {
2154			print "ATTR($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2155			$av_pending = $type;
2156			$type = 'N';
2157
2158		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(sizeof)\s*(\()?/o) {
2159			print "SIZEOF($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2160			if (defined $2) {
2161				$av_pending = 'V';
2162			}
2163			$type = 'N';
2164
2165		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(if|while|for)\b/o) {
2166			print "COND($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2167			$av_pending = 'E';
2168			$type = 'N';
2169
2170		} elsif ($cur =~/^(case)/o) {
2171			print "CASE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2172			$av_pend_colon = 'C';
2173			$type = 'N';
2174
2175		} elsif ($cur =~/^(return|else|goto|typeof|__typeof__)\b/o) {
2176			print "KEYWORD($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2177			$type = 'N';
2178
2179		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\()/o) {
2180			print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2181			push(@av_paren_type, $av_pending);
2182			$av_pending = '_';
2183			$type = 'N';
2184
2185		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\))/o) {
2186			my $new_type = pop(@av_paren_type);
2187			if ($new_type ne '_') {
2188				$type = $new_type;
2189				print "PAREN('$1') -> $type\n"
2190							if ($dbg_values > 1);
2191			} else {
2192				print "PAREN('$1')\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2193			}
2194
2195		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident)\s*\(/o) {
2196			print "FUNC($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2197			$type = 'V';
2198			$av_pending = 'V';
2199
2200		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident\s*):(?:\s*\d+\s*(,|=|;))?/) {
2201			if (defined $2 && $type eq 'C' || $type eq 'T') {
2202				$av_pend_colon = 'B';
2203			} elsif ($type eq 'E') {
2204				$av_pend_colon = 'L';
2205			}
2206			print "IDENT_COLON($1,$type>$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2207			$type = 'V';
2208
2209		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Ident|$Constant)/o) {
2210			print "IDENT($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2211			$type = 'V';
2212
2213		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Assignment)/o) {
2214			print "ASSIGN($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2215			$type = 'N';
2216
2217		} elsif ($cur =~/^(;|{|})/) {
2218			print "END($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2219			$type = 'E';
2220			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2221
2222		} elsif ($cur =~/^(,)/) {
2223			print "COMMA($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2224			$type = 'C';
2225
2226		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\?)/o) {
2227			print "QUESTION($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2228			$type = 'N';
2229
2230		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(:)/o) {
2231			print "COLON($1,$av_pend_colon)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2232
2233			substr($var, length($res), 1, $av_pend_colon);
2234			if ($av_pend_colon eq 'C' || $av_pend_colon eq 'L') {
2235				$type = 'E';
2236			} else {
2237				$type = 'N';
2238			}
2239			$av_pend_colon = 'O';
2240
2241		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(\[)/o) {
2242			print "CLOSE($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2243			$type = 'N';
2244
2245		} elsif ($cur =~ /^(-(?![->])|\+(?!\+)|\*|\&\&|\&)/o) {
2246			my $variant;
2247
2248			print "OPV($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2249			if ($type eq 'V') {
2250				$variant = 'B';
2251			} else {
2252				$variant = 'U';
2253			}
2254
2255			substr($var, length($res), 1, $variant);
2256			$type = 'N';
2257
2258		} elsif ($cur =~ /^($Operators)/o) {
2259			print "OP($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2260			if ($1 ne '++' && $1 ne '--') {
2261				$type = 'N';
2262			}
2263
2264		} elsif ($cur =~ /(^.)/o) {
2265			print "C($1)\n" if ($dbg_values > 1);
2266		}
2267		if (defined $1) {
2268			$cur = substr($cur, length($1));
2269			$res .= $type x length($1);
2270		}
2271	}
2272
2273	return ($res, $var);
2274}
2275
2276sub possible {
2277	my ($possible, $line) = @_;
2278	my $notPermitted = qr{(?:
2279		^(?:
2280			$Modifier|
2281			$Storage|
2282			$Type|
2283			DEFINE_\S+
2284		)$|
2285		^(?:
2286			goto|
2287			return|
2288			case|
2289			else|
2290			asm|__asm__|
2291			do|
2292			\#|
2293			\#\#|
2294		)(?:\s|$)|
2295		^(?:typedef|struct|enum)\b
2296	    )}x;
2297	warn "CHECK<$possible> ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 2);
2298	if ($possible !~ $notPermitted) {
2299		# Check for modifiers.
2300		$possible =~ s/\s*$Storage\s*//g;
2301		$possible =~ s/\s*$Sparse\s*//g;
2302		if ($possible =~ /^\s*$/) {
2303
2304		} elsif ($possible =~ /\s/) {
2305			$possible =~ s/\s*$Type\s*//g;
2306			for my $modifier (split(' ', $possible)) {
2307				if ($modifier !~ $notPermitted) {
2308					warn "MODIFIER: $modifier ($possible) ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2309					push(@modifierListFile, $modifier);
2310				}
2311			}
2312
2313		} else {
2314			warn "POSSIBLE: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible);
2315			push(@typeListFile, $possible);
2316		}
2317		build_types();
2318	} else {
2319		warn "NOTPOSS: $possible ($line)\n" if ($dbg_possible > 1);
2320	}
2321}
2322
2323my $prefix = '';
2324
2325sub show_type {
2326	my ($type) = @_;
2327
2328	$type =~ tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/;
2329
2330	return defined $use_type{$type} if (scalar keys %use_type > 0);
2331
2332	return !defined $ignore_type{$type};
2333}
2334
2335sub report {
2336	my ($level, $type, $msg) = @_;
2337
2338	if (!show_type($type) ||
2339	    (defined $tst_only && $msg !~ /\Q$tst_only\E/)) {
2340		return 0;
2341	}
2342	my $output = '';
2343	if ($color) {
2344		if ($level eq 'ERROR') {
2345			$output .= RED;
2346		} elsif ($level eq 'WARNING') {
2347			$output .= YELLOW;
2348		} else {
2349			$output .= GREEN;
2350		}
2351	}
2352	$output .= $prefix . $level . ':';
2353	if ($show_types) {
2354		$output .= BLUE if ($color);
2355		$output .= "$type:";
2356	}
2357	$output .= RESET if ($color);
2358	$output .= ' ' . $msg . "\n";
2359
2360	if ($showfile) {
2361		my @lines = split("\n", $output, -1);
2362		splice(@lines, 1, 1);
2363		$output = join("\n", @lines);
2364	}
2365
2366	if ($terse) {
2367		$output = (split('\n', $output))[0] . "\n";
2368	}
2369
2370	if ($verbose && exists($verbose_messages{$type}) &&
2371	    !exists($verbose_emitted{$type})) {
2372		$output .= $verbose_messages{$type} . "\n\n";
2373		$verbose_emitted{$type} = 1;
2374	}
2375
2376	push(our @report, $output);
2377
2378	return 1;
2379}
2380
2381sub report_dump {
2382	our @report;
2383}
2384
2385sub fixup_current_range {
2386	my ($lineRef, $offset, $length) = @_;
2387
2388	if ($$lineRef =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+(\d+),(\d+) \@\@/) {
2389		my $o = $1;
2390		my $l = $2;
2391		my $no = $o + $offset;
2392		my $nl = $l + $length;
2393		$$lineRef =~ s/\+$o,$l \@\@/\+$no,$nl \@\@/;
2394	}
2395}
2396
2397sub fix_inserted_deleted_lines {
2398	my ($linesRef, $insertedRef, $deletedRef) = @_;
2399
2400	my $range_last_linenr = 0;
2401	my $delta_offset = 0;
2402
2403	my $old_linenr = 0;
2404	my $new_linenr = 0;
2405
2406	my $next_insert = 0;
2407	my $next_delete = 0;
2408
2409	my @lines = ();
2410
2411	my $inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2412	my $deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2413
2414	foreach my $old_line (@{$linesRef}) {
2415		my $save_line = 1;
2416		my $line = $old_line;	#don't modify the array
2417		if ($line =~ /^(?:\+\+\+|\-\-\-)\s+\S+/) {	#new filename
2418			$delta_offset = 0;
2419		} elsif ($line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/) {	#new hunk
2420			$range_last_linenr = $new_linenr;
2421			fixup_current_range(\$line, $delta_offset, 0);
2422		}
2423
2424		while (defined($deleted) && ${$deleted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2425			$deleted = @{$deletedRef}[$next_delete++];
2426			$save_line = 0;
2427			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset--, -1);
2428		}
2429
2430		while (defined($inserted) && ${$inserted}{'LINENR'} == $old_linenr) {
2431			push(@lines, ${$inserted}{'LINE'});
2432			$inserted = @{$insertedRef}[$next_insert++];
2433			$new_linenr++;
2434			fixup_current_range(\$lines[$range_last_linenr], $delta_offset++, 1);
2435		}
2436
2437		if ($save_line) {
2438			push(@lines, $line);
2439			$new_linenr++;
2440		}
2441
2442		$old_linenr++;
2443	}
2444
2445	return @lines;
2446}
2447
2448sub fix_insert_line {
2449	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2450
2451	my $inserted = {
2452		LINENR => $linenr,
2453		LINE => $line,
2454	};
2455	push(@fixed_inserted, $inserted);
2456}
2457
2458sub fix_delete_line {
2459	my ($linenr, $line) = @_;
2460
2461	my $deleted = {
2462		LINENR => $linenr,
2463		LINE => $line,
2464	};
2465
2466	push(@fixed_deleted, $deleted);
2467}
2468
2469sub ERROR {
2470	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2471
2472	if (report("ERROR", $type, $msg)) {
2473		our $clean = 0;
2474		our $cnt_error++;
2475		return 1;
2476	}
2477	return 0;
2478}
2479sub WARN {
2480	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2481
2482	if (report("WARNING", $type, $msg)) {
2483		our $clean = 0;
2484		our $cnt_warn++;
2485		return 1;
2486	}
2487	return 0;
2488}
2489sub CHK {
2490	my ($type, $msg) = @_;
2491
2492	if ($check && report("CHECK", $type, $msg)) {
2493		our $clean = 0;
2494		our $cnt_chk++;
2495		return 1;
2496	}
2497	return 0;
2498}
2499
2500sub check_absolute_file {
2501	my ($absolute, $herecurr) = @_;
2502	my $file = $absolute;
2503
2504	##print "absolute<$absolute>\n";
2505
2506	# See if any suffix of this path is a path within the tree.
2507	while ($file =~ s@^[^/]*/@@) {
2508		if (-f "$root/$file") {
2509			##print "file<$file>\n";
2510			last;
2511		}
2512	}
2513	if (! -f _)  {
2514		return 0;
2515	}
2516
2517	# It is, so see if the prefix is acceptable.
2518	my $prefix = $absolute;
2519	substr($prefix, -length($file)) = '';
2520
2521	##print "prefix<$prefix>\n";
2522	if ($prefix ne ".../") {
2523		WARN("USE_RELATIVE_PATH",
2524		     "use relative pathname instead of absolute in changelog text\n" . $herecurr);
2525	}
2526}
2527
2528sub trim {
2529	my ($string) = @_;
2530
2531	$string =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
2532
2533	return $string;
2534}
2535
2536sub ltrim {
2537	my ($string) = @_;
2538
2539	$string =~ s/^\s+//;
2540
2541	return $string;
2542}
2543
2544sub rtrim {
2545	my ($string) = @_;
2546
2547	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
2548
2549	return $string;
2550}
2551
2552sub string_find_replace {
2553	my ($string, $find, $replace) = @_;
2554
2555	$string =~ s/$find/$replace/g;
2556
2557	return $string;
2558}
2559
2560sub tabify {
2561	my ($leading) = @_;
2562
2563	my $source_indent = $tabsize;
2564	my $max_spaces_before_tab = $source_indent - 1;
2565	my $spaces_to_tab = " " x $source_indent;
2566
2567	#convert leading spaces to tabs
2568	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)$spaces_to_tab@$1\t@g;
2569	#Remove spaces before a tab
2570	1 while $leading =~ s@^([\t]*)( {1,$max_spaces_before_tab})\t@$1\t@g;
2571
2572	return "$leading";
2573}
2574
2575sub pos_last_openparen {
2576	my ($line) = @_;
2577
2578	my $pos = 0;
2579
2580	my $opens = $line =~ tr/\(/\(/;
2581	my $closes = $line =~ tr/\)/\)/;
2582
2583	my $last_openparen = 0;
2584
2585	if (($opens == 0) || ($closes >= $opens)) {
2586		return -1;
2587	}
2588
2589	my $len = length($line);
2590
2591	for ($pos = 0; $pos < $len; $pos++) {
2592		my $string = substr($line, $pos);
2593		if ($string =~ /^($FuncArg|$balanced_parens)/) {
2594			$pos += length($1) - 1;
2595		} elsif (substr($line, $pos, 1) eq '(') {
2596			$last_openparen = $pos;
2597		} elsif (index($string, '(') == -1) {
2598			last;
2599		}
2600	}
2601
2602	return length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 0, $last_openparen))) + 1;
2603}
2604
2605sub get_raw_comment {
2606	my ($line, $rawline) = @_;
2607	my $comment = '';
2608
2609	for my $i (0 .. (length($line) - 1)) {
2610		if (substr($line, $i, 1) eq "$;") {
2611			$comment .= substr($rawline, $i, 1);
2612		}
2613	}
2614
2615	return $comment;
2616}
2617
2618sub exclude_global_initialisers {
2619	my ($realfile) = @_;
2620
2621	# Do not check for BPF programs (tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/*.c, samples/bpf/*_kern.c, *.bpf.c).
2622	return $realfile =~ m@^tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/.*\.c$@ ||
2623		$realfile =~ m@^samples/bpf/.*_kern\.c$@ ||
2624		$realfile =~ m@/bpf/.*\.bpf\.c$@;
2625}
2626
2627sub process {
2628	my $filename = shift;
2629
2630	my $linenr=0;
2631	my $prevline="";
2632	my $prevrawline="";
2633	my $stashline="";
2634	my $stashrawline="";
2635
2636	my $length;
2637	my $indent;
2638	my $previndent=0;
2639	my $stashindent=0;
2640
2641	our $clean = 1;
2642	my $signoff = 0;
2643	my $fixes_tag = 0;
2644	my $is_revert = 0;
2645	my $needs_fixes_tag = "";
2646	my $author = '';
2647	my $authorsignoff = 0;
2648	my $author_sob = '';
2649	my $is_patch = 0;
2650	my $is_binding_patch = -1;
2651	my $in_header_lines = $file ? 0 : 1;
2652	my $in_commit_log = 0;		#Scanning lines before patch
2653	my $has_patch_separator = 0;	#Found a --- line
2654	my $has_commit_log = 0;		#Encountered lines before patch
2655	my $commit_log_lines = 0;	#Number of commit log lines
2656	my $commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
2657	my $commit_log_long_line = 0;
2658	my $commit_log_has_diff = 0;
2659	my $reported_maintainer_file = 0;
2660	my $non_utf8_charset = 0;
2661
2662	my $last_git_commit_id_linenr = -1;
2663
2664	my $last_blank_line = 0;
2665	my $last_coalesced_string_linenr = -1;
2666
2667	our @report = ();
2668	our $cnt_lines = 0;
2669	our $cnt_error = 0;
2670	our $cnt_warn = 0;
2671	our $cnt_chk = 0;
2672
2673	# Trace the real file/line as we go.
2674	my $realfile = '';
2675	my $realline = 0;
2676	my $realcnt = 0;
2677	my $here = '';
2678	my $context_function;		#undef'd unless there's a known function
2679	my $in_comment = 0;
2680	my $comment_edge = 0;
2681	my $first_line = 0;
2682	my $p1_prefix = '';
2683
2684	my $prev_values = 'E';
2685
2686	# suppression flags
2687	my %suppress_ifbraces;
2688	my %suppress_whiletrailers;
2689	my %suppress_export;
2690	my $suppress_statement = 0;
2691
2692	my %signatures = ();
2693
2694	# Pre-scan the patch sanitizing the lines.
2695	# Pre-scan the patch looking for any __setup documentation.
2696	#
2697	my @setup_docs = ();
2698	my $setup_docs = 0;
2699
2700	my $camelcase_file_seeded = 0;
2701
2702	my $checklicenseline = 1;
2703
2704	sanitise_line_reset();
2705	my $line;
2706	foreach my $rawline (@rawlines) {
2707		$linenr++;
2708		$line = $rawline;
2709
2710		push(@fixed, $rawline) if ($fix);
2711
2712		if ($rawline=~/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2713			$setup_docs = 0;
2714			if ($1 =~ m@Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt$@) {
2715				$setup_docs = 1;
2716			}
2717			#next;
2718		}
2719		if ($rawline =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@/) {
2720			$realline=$1-1;
2721			if (defined $2) {
2722				$realcnt=$3+1;
2723			} else {
2724				$realcnt=1+1;
2725			}
2726			$in_comment = 0;
2727
2728			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  Run
2729			# the context looking for a comment "edge".  If this
2730			# edge is a close comment then we must be in a comment
2731			# at context start.
2732			my $edge;
2733			my $cnt = $realcnt;
2734			for (my $ln = $linenr + 1; $cnt > 0; $ln++) {
2735				next if (defined $rawlines[$ln - 1] &&
2736					 $rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ /^-/);
2737				$cnt--;
2738				#print "RAW<$rawlines[$ln - 1]>\n";
2739				last if (!defined $rawlines[$ln - 1]);
2740				if ($rawlines[$ln - 1] =~ m@(/\*|\*/)@ &&
2741				    $rawlines[$ln - 1] !~ m@"[^"]*(?:/\*|\*/)[^"]*"@) {
2742					($edge) = $1;
2743					last;
2744				}
2745			}
2746			if (defined $edge && $edge eq '*/') {
2747				$in_comment = 1;
2748			}
2749
2750			# Guestimate if this is a continuing comment.  If this
2751			# is the start of a diff block and this line starts
2752			# ' *' then it is very likely a comment.
2753			if (!defined $edge &&
2754			    $rawlines[$linenr] =~ m@^.\s*(?:\*\*+| \*)(?:\s|$)@)
2755			{
2756				$in_comment = 1;
2757			}
2758
2759			##print "COMMENT:$in_comment edge<$edge> $rawline\n";
2760			sanitise_line_reset($in_comment);
2761
2762		} elsif ($realcnt && $rawline =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/) {
2763			# Standardise the strings and chars within the input to
2764			# simplify matching -- only bother with positive lines.
2765			$line = sanitise_line($rawline);
2766		}
2767		push(@lines, $line);
2768
2769		if ($realcnt > 1) {
2770			$realcnt-- if ($line =~ /^(?:\+| |$)/);
2771		} else {
2772			$realcnt = 0;
2773		}
2774
2775		#print "==>$rawline\n";
2776		#print "-->$line\n";
2777
2778		if ($setup_docs && $line =~ /^\+/) {
2779			push(@setup_docs, $line);
2780		}
2781	}
2782
2783	$prefix = '';
2784
2785	$realcnt = 0;
2786	$linenr = 0;
2787	$fixlinenr = -1;
2788	foreach my $line (@lines) {
2789		$linenr++;
2790		$fixlinenr++;
2791		my $sline = $line;	#copy of $line
2792		$sline =~ s/$;/ /g;	#with comments as spaces
2793
2794		my $rawline = $rawlines[$linenr - 1];
2795		my $raw_comment = get_raw_comment($line, $rawline);
2796
2797# check if it's a mode change, rename or start of a patch
2798		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2799		    ($line =~ /^ mode change [0-7]+ => [0-7]+ \S+\s*$/ ||
2800		    ($line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) \S+\s*$/ ||
2801		     $line =~ /^diff --git a\/[\w\/\.\_\-]+ b\/\S+\s*$/))) {
2802			$is_patch = 1;
2803		}
2804
2805#extract the line range in the file after the patch is applied
2806		if (!$in_commit_log &&
2807		    $line =~ /^\@\@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(,(\d+))? \@\@(.*)/) {
2808			my $context = $4;
2809			$is_patch = 1;
2810			$first_line = $linenr + 1;
2811			$realline=$1-1;
2812			if (defined $2) {
2813				$realcnt=$3+1;
2814			} else {
2815				$realcnt=1+1;
2816			}
2817			annotate_reset();
2818			$prev_values = 'E';
2819
2820			%suppress_ifbraces = ();
2821			%suppress_whiletrailers = ();
2822			%suppress_export = ();
2823			$suppress_statement = 0;
2824			if ($context =~ /\b(\w+)\s*\(/) {
2825				$context_function = $1;
2826			} else {
2827				undef $context_function;
2828			}
2829			next;
2830
2831# track the line number as we move through the hunk, note that
2832# new versions of GNU diff omit the leading space on completely
2833# blank context lines so we need to count that too.
2834		} elsif ($line =~ /^( |\+|$)/) {
2835			$realline++;
2836			$realcnt-- if ($realcnt != 0);
2837
2838			# Measure the line length and indent.
2839			($length, $indent) = line_stats($rawline);
2840
2841			# Track the previous line.
2842			($prevline, $stashline) = ($stashline, $line);
2843			($previndent, $stashindent) = ($stashindent, $indent);
2844			($prevrawline, $stashrawline) = ($stashrawline, $rawline);
2845
2846			#warn "line<$line>\n";
2847
2848		} elsif ($realcnt == 1) {
2849			$realcnt--;
2850		}
2851
2852		my $hunk_line = ($realcnt != 0);
2853
2854		$here = "#$linenr: " if (!$file);
2855		$here = "#$realline: " if ($file);
2856
2857		my $found_file = 0;
2858		# extract the filename as it passes
2859		if ($line =~ /^diff --git.*?(\S+)$/) {
2860			$realfile = $1;
2861			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2862			$in_commit_log = 0;
2863			$found_file = 1;
2864		} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/) {
2865			$realfile = $1;
2866			$realfile =~ s@^([^/]*)/@@ if (!$file);
2867			$in_commit_log = 0;
2868
2869			$p1_prefix = $1;
2870			if (!$file && $tree && $p1_prefix ne '' &&
2871			    -e "$root/$p1_prefix") {
2872				WARN("PATCH_PREFIX",
2873				     "patch prefix '$p1_prefix' exists, appears to be a -p0 patch\n");
2874			}
2875
2876			if ($realfile =~ m@^include/asm/@) {
2877				ERROR("MODIFIED_INCLUDE_ASM",
2878				      "do not modify files in include/asm, change architecture specific files in include/asm-<architecture>\n" . "$here$rawline\n");
2879			}
2880			$found_file = 1;
2881		}
2882
2883#make up the handle for any error we report on this line
2884		if ($showfile) {
2885			$prefix = "$realfile:$realline: "
2886		} elsif ($emacs) {
2887			if ($file) {
2888				$prefix = "$filename:$realline: ";
2889			} else {
2890				$prefix = "$filename:$linenr: ";
2891			}
2892		}
2893
2894		if ($found_file) {
2895			if (is_maintained_obsolete($realfile)) {
2896				WARN("OBSOLETE",
2897				     "$realfile is marked as 'obsolete' in the MAINTAINERS hierarchy.  No unnecessary modifications please.\n");
2898			}
2899			if ($realfile =~ m@^(?:drivers/net/|net/|drivers/staging/)@) {
2900				$check = 1;
2901			} else {
2902				$check = $check_orig;
2903			}
2904			$checklicenseline = 1;
2905
2906			if ($realfile !~ /^MAINTAINERS/) {
2907				my $last_binding_patch = $is_binding_patch;
2908
2909				$is_binding_patch = () = $realfile =~ m@^(?:Documentation/devicetree/|include/dt-bindings/)@;
2910
2911				if (($last_binding_patch != -1) &&
2912				    ($last_binding_patch ^ $is_binding_patch)) {
2913					WARN("DT_SPLIT_BINDING_PATCH",
2914					     "DT binding docs and includes should be a separate patch. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/submitting-patches.rst\n");
2915				}
2916			}
2917
2918			next;
2919		}
2920
2921		$here .= "FILE: $realfile:$realline:" if ($realcnt != 0);
2922
2923		my $hereline = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2924		my $herecurr = "$here\n$rawline\n";
2925		my $hereprev = "$here\n$prevrawline\n$rawline\n";
2926
2927		$cnt_lines++ if ($realcnt != 0);
2928
2929# Verify the existence of a commit log if appropriate
2930# 2 is used because a $signature is counted in $commit_log_lines
2931		if ($in_commit_log) {
2932			if ($line !~ /^\s*$/) {
2933				$commit_log_lines++;	#could be a $signature
2934			}
2935		} elsif ($has_commit_log && $commit_log_lines < 2) {
2936			WARN("COMMIT_MESSAGE",
2937			     "Missing commit description - Add an appropriate one\n");
2938			$commit_log_lines = 2;	#warn only once
2939		}
2940
2941# Check if the commit log has what seems like a diff which can confuse patch
2942		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_has_diff &&
2943		    (($line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/([\w/]+)@ &&
2944		      $line =~ m@^\s+diff\b.*a/[\w/]+\s+b/$1\b@) ||
2945		     $line =~ m@^\s*(?:\-\-\-\s+a/|\+\+\+\s+b/)@ ||
2946		     $line =~ m/^\s*\@\@ \-\d+,\d+ \+\d+,\d+ \@\@/)) {
2947			ERROR("DIFF_IN_COMMIT_MSG",
2948			      "Avoid using diff content in the commit message - patch(1) might not work\n" . $herecurr);
2949			$commit_log_has_diff = 1;
2950		}
2951
2952# Check for incorrect file permissions
2953		if ($line =~ /^new (file )?mode.*[7531]\d{0,2}$/) {
2954			my $permhere = $here . "FILE: $realfile\n";
2955			if ($realfile !~ m@scripts/@ &&
2956			    $realfile !~ /\.(py|pl|awk|sh)$/) {
2957				ERROR("EXECUTE_PERMISSIONS",
2958				      "do not set execute permissions for source files\n" . $permhere);
2959			}
2960		}
2961
2962# Check the patch for a From:
2963		if (decode("MIME-Header", $line) =~ /^From:\s*(.*)/) {
2964			$author = $1;
2965			my $curline = $linenr;
2966			while(defined($rawlines[$curline]) && ($rawlines[$curline++] =~ /^[ \t]\s*(.*)/)) {
2967				$author .= $1;
2968			}
2969			$author = encode("utf8", $author) if ($line =~ /=\?utf-8\?/i);
2970			$author =~ s/"//g;
2971			$author = reformat_email($author);
2972		}
2973
2974# Check the patch for a signoff:
2975		if ($line =~ /^\s*signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
2976			$signoff++;
2977			$in_commit_log = 0;
2978			if ($author ne ''  && $authorsignoff != 1) {
2979				if (same_email_addresses($1, $author)) {
2980					$authorsignoff = 1;
2981				} else {
2982					my $ctx = $1;
2983					my ($email_name, $email_comment, $email_address, $comment1) = parse_email($ctx);
2984					my ($author_name, $author_comment, $author_address, $comment2) = parse_email($author);
2985
2986					if (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address && $email_name eq $author_name) {
2987						$author_sob = $ctx;
2988						$authorsignoff = 2;
2989					} elsif (lc $email_address eq lc $author_address) {
2990						$author_sob = $ctx;
2991						$authorsignoff = 3;
2992					} elsif ($email_name eq $author_name) {
2993						$author_sob = $ctx;
2994						$authorsignoff = 4;
2995
2996						my $address1 = $email_address;
2997						my $address2 = $author_address;
2998
2999						if ($address1 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
3000							$address1 = "$1$2";
3001						}
3002						if ($address2 =~ /(\S+)\+\S+(\@.*)/) {
3003							$address2 = "$1$2";
3004						}
3005						if ($address1 eq $address2) {
3006							$authorsignoff = 5;
3007						}
3008					}
3009				}
3010			}
3011		}
3012
3013# Check for patch separator
3014		if ($line =~ /^---$/) {
3015			$has_patch_separator = 1;
3016			$in_commit_log = 0;
3017		}
3018
3019# Check if MAINTAINERS is being updated.  If so, there's probably no need to
3020# emit the "does MAINTAINERS need updating?" message on file add/move/delete
3021		if ($line =~ /^\s*MAINTAINERS\s*\|/) {
3022			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
3023		}
3024
3025# Check signature styles
3026		if (!$in_header_lines &&
3027		    $line =~ /^(\s*)([a-z0-9_-]+by:|$signature_tags)(\s*)(.*)/i) {
3028			my $space_before = $1;
3029			my $sign_off = $2;
3030			my $space_after = $3;
3031			my $email = $4;
3032			my $ucfirst_sign_off = ucfirst(lc($sign_off));
3033
3034			if ($sign_off !~ /$signature_tags/) {
3035				my $suggested_signature = find_standard_signature($sign_off);
3036				if ($suggested_signature eq "") {
3037					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3038					     "Non-standard signature: $sign_off\n" . $herecurr);
3039				} else {
3040					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3041						 "Non-standard signature: '$sign_off' - perhaps '$suggested_signature'?\n" . $herecurr) &&
3042					    $fix) {
3043						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$sign_off/$suggested_signature/;
3044					}
3045				}
3046			}
3047			if (defined $space_before && $space_before ne "") {
3048				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3049					 "Do not use whitespace before $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3050				    $fix) {
3051					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3052					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3053				}
3054			}
3055			if ($sign_off =~ /-by:$/i && $sign_off ne $ucfirst_sign_off) {
3056				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3057					 "'$ucfirst_sign_off' is the preferred signature form\n" . $herecurr) &&
3058				    $fix) {
3059					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3060					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3061				}
3062
3063			}
3064			if (!defined $space_after || $space_after ne " ") {
3065				if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3066					 "Use a single space after $ucfirst_sign_off\n" . $herecurr) &&
3067				    $fix) {
3068					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =
3069					    "$ucfirst_sign_off $email";
3070				}
3071			}
3072
3073			my ($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment) = parse_email($email);
3074			my $suggested_email = format_email(($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $comment));
3075			if ($suggested_email eq "") {
3076				ERROR("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3077				      "Unrecognized email address: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3078			} else {
3079				my $dequoted = $suggested_email;
3080				$dequoted =~ s/^"//;
3081				$dequoted =~ s/" </ </;
3082				# Don't force email to have quotes
3083				# Allow just an angle bracketed address
3084				if (!same_email_addresses($email, $suggested_email)) {
3085					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3086						 "email address '$email' might be better as '$suggested_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3087					    $fix) {
3088						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$suggested_email/;
3089					}
3090				}
3091
3092				# Address part shouldn't have comments
3093				my $stripped_address = $email_address;
3094				$stripped_address =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g;
3095				if ($email_address ne $stripped_address) {
3096					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3097						 "address part of email should not have comments: '$email_address'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3098					    $fix) {
3099						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email_address\E/$stripped_address/;
3100					}
3101				}
3102
3103				# Only one name comment should be allowed
3104				my $comment_count = () = $name_comment =~ /\([^\)]+\)/g;
3105				if ($comment_count > 1) {
3106					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3107					     "Use a single name comment in email: '$email'\n" . $herecurr);
3108				}
3109
3110
3111				# stable@vger.kernel.org or stable@kernel.org shouldn't
3112				# have an email name. In addition comments should strictly
3113				# begin with a #
3114				if ($email =~ /^.*stable\@(?:vger\.)?kernel\.org/i) {
3115					if (($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^#.+/) ||
3116					    ($email_name ne "")) {
3117						my $cur_name = $email_name;
3118						my $new_comment = $comment;
3119						$cur_name =~ s/[a-zA-Z\s\-\"]+//g;
3120
3121						# Remove brackets enclosing comment text
3122						# and # from start of comments to get comment text
3123						$new_comment =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/;
3124						$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3125						$new_comment =~ s/^[\s\#]+|\s+$//g;
3126
3127						$new_comment = trim("$new_comment $cur_name") if ($cur_name ne $new_comment);
3128						$new_comment = " # $new_comment" if ($new_comment ne "");
3129						my $new_email = "$email_address$new_comment";
3130
3131						if (WARN("BAD_STABLE_ADDRESS_STYLE",
3132							 "Invalid email format for stable: '$email', prefer '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3133						    $fix) {
3134							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3135						}
3136					}
3137				} elsif ($comment ne "" && $comment !~ /^(?:#.+|\(.+\))$/) {
3138					my $new_comment = $comment;
3139
3140					# Extract comment text from within brackets or
3141					# c89 style /*...*/ comments
3142					$new_comment =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
3143					$new_comment =~ s/^\/\*(.*)\*\/$/$1/;
3144
3145					$new_comment = trim($new_comment);
3146					$new_comment =~ s/^[^\w]$//; # Single lettered comment with non word character is usually a typo
3147					$new_comment = "($new_comment)" if ($new_comment ne "");
3148					my $new_email = format_email($email_name, $name_comment, $email_address, $new_comment);
3149
3150					if (WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3151						 "Unexpected content after email: '$email', should be: '$new_email'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3152					    $fix) {
3153						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$email\E/$new_email/;
3154					}
3155				}
3156			}
3157
3158# Check for duplicate signatures
3159			my $sig_nospace = $line;
3160			$sig_nospace =~ s/\s//g;
3161			$sig_nospace = lc($sig_nospace);
3162			if (defined $signatures{$sig_nospace}) {
3163				WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3164				     "Duplicate signature\n" . $herecurr);
3165			} else {
3166				$signatures{$sig_nospace} = 1;
3167			}
3168
3169# Check Co-developed-by: immediately followed by Signed-off-by: with same name and email
3170			if ($sign_off =~ /^co-developed-by:$/i) {
3171				if ($email eq $author) {
3172					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3173					      "Co-developed-by: should not be used to attribute nominal patch author '$author'\n" . $herecurr);
3174				}
3175				if (!defined $lines[$linenr]) {
3176					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3177					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . $herecurr);
3178				} elsif ($rawlines[$linenr] !~ /^signed-off-by:\s*(.*)/i) {
3179					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3180					     "Co-developed-by: must be immediately followed by Signed-off-by:\n" . $herecurr . $rawlines[$linenr] . "\n");
3181				} elsif ($1 ne $email) {
3182					WARN("BAD_SIGN_OFF",
3183					     "Co-developed-by and Signed-off-by: name/email do not match\n" . $herecurr . $rawlines[$linenr] . "\n");
3184				}
3185			}
3186
3187# check if Reported-by: is followed by a Closes: tag
3188			if ($sign_off =~ /^reported(?:|-and-tested)-by:$/i) {
3189				if (!defined $lines[$linenr]) {
3190					WARN("BAD_REPORTED_BY_LINK",
3191					     "Reported-by: should be immediately followed by Closes: with a URL to the report\n" . $herecurr . "\n");
3192				} elsif ($rawlines[$linenr] !~ /^closes:\s*/i) {
3193					WARN("BAD_REPORTED_BY_LINK",
3194					     "Reported-by: should be immediately followed by Closes: with a URL to the report\n" . $herecurr . $rawlines[$linenr] . "\n");
3195				}
3196			}
3197		}
3198
3199# These indicate a bug fix
3200		if (!$in_header_lines && !$is_patch &&
3201			$line =~ /^This reverts commit/) {
3202			$is_revert = 1;
3203		}
3204
3205		if (!$in_header_lines && !$is_patch &&
3206		    $line =~ /((?:(?:BUG: K.|UB)SAN: |Call Trace:|stable\@|syzkaller))/) {
3207			$needs_fixes_tag = $1;
3208		}
3209
3210# Check Fixes: styles is correct
3211		if (!$in_header_lines &&
3212		    $line =~ /^\s*(fixes:?)\s*(?:commit\s*)?([0-9a-f]{5,40})(?:\s*($balanced_parens))?/i) {
3213			my $tag = $1;
3214			my $orig_commit = $2;
3215			my $title;
 
 
 
 
3216			my $title_has_quotes = 0;
3217			$fixes_tag = 1;
3218			if (defined $3) {
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3219				# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3220				$title = substr($3, 1, -1);
3221				if ($title =~ /^".*"$/) {
3222					$title = substr($title, 1, -1);
3223					$title_has_quotes = 1;
3224				}
3225			} else {
3226				$title = "commit title"
3227			}
3228
3229
3230			my $tag_case = not ($tag eq "Fixes:");
3231			my $tag_space = not ($line =~ /^fixes:? [0-9a-f]{5,40} ($balanced_parens)/i);
3232
3233			my $id_length = not ($orig_commit =~ /^[0-9a-f]{12}$/i);
3234			my $id_case = not ($orig_commit !~ /[A-F]/);
3235
3236			my $id = "0123456789ab";
3237			my ($cid, $ctitle) = git_commit_info($orig_commit, $id,
3238							     $title);
3239
3240			if ($ctitle ne $title || $tag_case || $tag_space ||
3241			    $id_length || $id_case || !$title_has_quotes) {
3242				if (WARN("BAD_FIXES_TAG",
3243				     "Please use correct Fixes: style 'Fixes: <12 chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: 'Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3244				    $fix) {
3245					$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "Fixes: $cid (\"$ctitle\")";
3246				}
3247			}
3248		}
3249
3250# Check email subject for common tools that don't need to be mentioned
3251		if ($in_header_lines &&
3252		    $line =~ /^Subject:.*\b(?:checkpatch|sparse|smatch)\b[^:]/i) {
3253			WARN("EMAIL_SUBJECT",
3254			     "A patch subject line should describe the change not the tool that found it\n" . $herecurr);
3255		}
3256
3257# Check for Gerrit Change-Ids not in any patch context
3258		if ($realfile eq '' && !$has_patch_separator && $line =~ /^\s*change-id:/i) {
3259			if (ERROR("GERRIT_CHANGE_ID",
3260			          "Remove Gerrit Change-Id's before submitting upstream\n" . $herecurr) &&
3261			    $fix) {
3262				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
3263			}
3264		}
3265
3266# Check if the commit log is in a possible stack dump
3267		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3268		    ($line =~ /^\s*(?:WARNING:|BUG:)/ ||
3269		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\s*\d+\.\d{6,6}\s*\]/ ||
3270					# timestamp
3271		     $line =~ /^\s*\[\<[0-9a-fA-F]{8,}\>\]/) ||
3272		     $line =~ /^(?:\s+\w+:\s+[0-9a-fA-F]+){3,3}/ ||
3273		     $line =~ /^\s*\#\d+\s*\[[0-9a-fA-F]+\]\s*\w+ at [0-9a-fA-F]+/) {
3274					# stack dump address styles
3275			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 1;
3276		}
3277
3278# Check for line lengths > 75 in commit log, warn once
3279		if ($in_commit_log && !$commit_log_long_line &&
3280		    length($line) > 75 &&
3281		    !($line =~ /^\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_\/\.]+\s+\|\s+\d+/ ||
3282					# file delta changes
3283		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:[\w\.\-\+]*\/)++[\w\.\-\+]+:/ ||
3284					# filename then :
3285		      $line =~ /^\s*(?:Fixes:|$link_tags_search|$signature_tags)/i ||
3286					# A Fixes:, link or signature tag line
3287		      $commit_log_possible_stack_dump)) {
3288			WARN("COMMIT_LOG_LONG_LINE",
3289			     "Prefer a maximum 75 chars per line (possible unwrapped commit description?)\n" . $herecurr);
3290			$commit_log_long_line = 1;
3291		}
3292
3293# Reset possible stack dump if a blank line is found
3294		if ($in_commit_log && $commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3295		    $line =~ /^\s*$/) {
3296			$commit_log_possible_stack_dump = 0;
3297		}
3298
3299# Check for odd tags before a URI/URL
3300		if ($in_commit_log &&
3301		    $line =~ /^\s*(\w+:)\s*http/ && $1 !~ /^$link_tags_search$/) {
3302			if ($1 =~ /^v(?:ersion)?\d+/i) {
3303				WARN("COMMIT_LOG_VERSIONING",
3304				     "Patch version information should be after the --- line\n" . $herecurr);
3305			} else {
3306				WARN("COMMIT_LOG_USE_LINK",
3307				     "Unknown link reference '$1', use $link_tags_print instead\n" . $herecurr);
3308			}
3309		}
3310
3311# Check for misuse of the link tags
3312		if ($in_commit_log &&
3313		    $line =~ /^\s*(\w+:)\s*(\S+)/) {
3314			my $tag = $1;
3315			my $value = $2;
3316			if ($tag =~ /^$link_tags_search$/ && $value !~ m{^https?://}) {
3317				WARN("COMMIT_LOG_WRONG_LINK",
3318				     "'$tag' should be followed by a public http(s) link\n" . $herecurr);
3319			}
3320		}
3321
3322# Check for lines starting with a #
3323		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /^#/) {
3324			if (WARN("COMMIT_COMMENT_SYMBOL",
3325				 "Commit log lines starting with '#' are dropped by git as comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
3326			    $fix) {
3327				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^/ /;
3328			}
3329		}
3330
3331# Check for git id commit length and improperly formed commit descriptions
3332# A correctly formed commit description is:
3333#    commit <SHA-1 hash length 12+ chars> ("Complete commit subject")
3334# with the commit subject '("' prefix and '")' suffix
3335# This is a fairly compilicated block as it tests for what appears to be
3336# bare SHA-1 hash with  minimum length of 5.  It also avoids several types of
3337# possible SHA-1 matches.
3338# A commit match can span multiple lines so this block attempts to find a
3339# complete typical commit on a maximum of 3 lines
3340		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3341		    $in_commit_log && !$commit_log_possible_stack_dump &&
3342		    $line !~ /^\s*(?:Link|Patchwork|http|https|BugLink|base-commit):/i &&
3343		    $line !~ /^This reverts commit [0-9a-f]{7,40}/ &&
3344		    (($line =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i ||
3345		      ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i && defined($rawlines[$linenr]) && $rawlines[$linenr] =~ /^\s*[0-9a-f]{5,}\b/i)) ||
3346		     ($line =~ /(?:\s|^)[0-9a-f]{12,40}(?:[\s"'\(\[]|$)/i &&
3347		      $line !~ /[\<\[][0-9a-f]{12,40}[\>\]]/i &&
3348		      $line !~ /\bfixes:\s*[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i))) {
3349			my $init_char = "c";
3350			my $orig_commit = "";
3351			my $short = 1;
3352			my $long = 0;
3353			my $case = 1;
3354			my $space = 1;
3355			my $id = '0123456789ab';
3356			my $orig_desc = "commit description";
3357			my $description = "";
3358			my $herectx = $herecurr;
3359			my $has_parens = 0;
3360			my $has_quotes = 0;
3361
3362			my $input = $line;
3363			if ($line =~ /(?:\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}|\bcommit\s*$)/i) {
3364				for (my $n = 0; $n < 2; $n++) {
3365					if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,}\s*($balanced_parens)/i) {
3366						$orig_desc = $1;
3367						$has_parens = 1;
3368						# Always strip leading/trailing parens then double quotes if existing
3369						$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3370						if ($orig_desc =~ /^".*"$/) {
3371							$orig_desc = substr($orig_desc, 1, -1);
3372							$has_quotes = 1;
3373						}
3374						last;
3375					}
3376					last if ($#lines < $linenr + $n);
3377					$input .= " " . trim($rawlines[$linenr + $n]);
3378					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$linenr + $n]\n";
3379				}
3380				$herectx = $herecurr if (!$has_parens);
3381			}
3382
3383			if ($input =~ /\b(c)ommit\s+([0-9a-f]{5,})\b/i) {
3384				$init_char = $1;
3385				$orig_commit = lc($2);
3386				$short = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{12,40}/i);
3387				$long = 1 if ($input =~ /\bcommit\s+[0-9a-f]{41,}/i);
3388				$space = 0 if ($input =~ /\bcommit [0-9a-f]/i);
3389				$case = 0 if ($input =~ /\b[Cc]ommit\s+[0-9a-f]{5,40}[^A-F]/);
3390			} elsif ($input =~ /\b([0-9a-f]{12,40})\b/i) {
3391				$orig_commit = lc($1);
3392			}
3393
3394			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($orig_commit,
3395							      $id, $orig_desc);
3396
3397			if (defined($id) &&
3398			    ($short || $long || $space || $case || ($orig_desc ne $description) || !$has_quotes) &&
3399			    $last_git_commit_id_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
3400				ERROR("GIT_COMMIT_ID",
3401				      "Please use git commit description style 'commit <12+ chars of sha1> (\"<title line>\")' - ie: '${init_char}ommit $id (\"$description\")'\n" . $herectx);
3402			}
3403			#don't report the next line if this line ends in commit and the sha1 hash is the next line
3404			$last_git_commit_id_linenr = $linenr if ($line =~ /\bcommit\s*$/i);
3405		}
3406
3407# Check for mailing list archives other than lore.kernel.org
3408		if ($rawline =~ m{http.*\b$obsolete_archives}) {
3409			WARN("PREFER_LORE_ARCHIVE",
3410			     "Use lore.kernel.org archive links when possible - see https://lore.kernel.org/lists.html\n" . $herecurr);
3411		}
3412
3413# Check for added, moved or deleted files
3414		if (!$reported_maintainer_file && !$in_commit_log &&
3415		    ($line =~ /^(?:new|deleted) file mode\s*\d+\s*$/ ||
3416		     $line =~ /^rename (?:from|to) [\w\/\.\-]+\s*$/ ||
3417		     ($line =~ /\{\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\=\>\s*([\w\/\.\-]*)\s*\}/ &&
3418		      (defined($1) || defined($2))))) {
3419			$is_patch = 1;
3420			$reported_maintainer_file = 1;
3421			WARN("FILE_PATH_CHANGES",
3422			     "added, moved or deleted file(s), does MAINTAINERS need updating?\n" . $herecurr);
3423		}
3424
3425# Check for adding new DT bindings not in schema format
3426		if (!$in_commit_log &&
3427		    ($line =~ /^new file mode\s*\d+\s*$/) &&
3428		    ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/.*\.txt$@)) {
3429			WARN("DT_SCHEMA_BINDING_PATCH",
3430			     "DT bindings should be in DT schema format. See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/writing-schema.rst\n");
3431		}
3432
3433# Check for wrappage within a valid hunk of the file
3434		if ($realcnt != 0 && $line !~ m{^(?:\+|-| |\\ No newline|$)}) {
3435			ERROR("CORRUPTED_PATCH",
3436			      "patch seems to be corrupt (line wrapped?)\n" .
3437				$herecurr) if (!$emitted_corrupt++);
3438		}
3439
3440# UTF-8 regex found at http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php
3441		if (($realfile =~ /^$/ || $line =~ /^\+/) &&
3442		    $rawline !~ m/^$UTF8*$/) {
3443			my ($utf8_prefix) = ($rawline =~ /^($UTF8*)/);
3444
3445			my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3446			my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, length($utf8_prefix)) . "^";
3447			my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3448
3449			CHK("INVALID_UTF8",
3450			    "Invalid UTF-8, patch and commit message should be encoded in UTF-8\n" . $hereptr);
3451		}
3452
3453# Check if it's the start of a commit log
3454# (not a header line and we haven't seen the patch filename)
3455		if ($in_header_lines && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3456		    !($rawline =~ /^\s+(?:\S|$)/ ||
3457		      $rawline =~ /^(?:commit\b|from\b|[\w-]+:)/i)) {
3458			$in_header_lines = 0;
3459			$in_commit_log = 1;
3460			$has_commit_log = 1;
3461		}
3462
3463# Check if there is UTF-8 in a commit log when a mail header has explicitly
3464# declined it, i.e defined some charset where it is missing.
3465		if ($in_header_lines &&
3466		    $rawline =~ /^Content-Type:.+charset="(.+)".*$/ &&
3467		    $1 !~ /utf-8/i) {
3468			$non_utf8_charset = 1;
3469		}
3470
3471		if ($in_commit_log && $non_utf8_charset && $realfile =~ /^$/ &&
3472		    $rawline =~ /$NON_ASCII_UTF8/) {
3473			WARN("UTF8_BEFORE_PATCH",
3474			    "8-bit UTF-8 used in possible commit log\n" . $herecurr);
3475		}
3476
3477# Check for absolute kernel paths in commit message
3478		if ($tree && $in_commit_log) {
3479			while ($line =~ m{(?:^|\s)(/\S*)}g) {
3480				my $file = $1;
3481
3482				if ($file =~ m{^(.*?)(?::\d+)+:?$} &&
3483				    check_absolute_file($1, $herecurr)) {
3484					#
3485				} else {
3486					check_absolute_file($file, $herecurr);
3487				}
3488			}
3489		}
3490
3491# Check for various typo / spelling mistakes
3492		if (defined($misspellings) &&
3493		    ($in_commit_log || $line =~ /^(?:\+|Subject:)/i)) {
3494			while ($rawline =~ /(?:^|[^\w\-'`])($misspellings)(?:[^\w\-'`]|$)/gi) {
3495				my $typo = $1;
3496				my $blank = copy_spacing($rawline);
3497				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $-[1]) . "^" x length($typo);
3498				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
3499				my $typo_fix = $spelling_fix{lc($typo)};
3500				$typo_fix = ucfirst($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]/);
3501				$typo_fix = uc($typo_fix) if ($typo =~ /^[A-Z]+$/);
3502				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3503				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3504				if (&{$msg_level}("TYPO_SPELLING",
3505						  "'$typo' may be misspelled - perhaps '$typo_fix'?\n" . $hereptr) &&
3506				    $fix) {
3507					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^|[^A-Za-z@])($typo)($|[^A-Za-z@])/$1$typo_fix$3/;
3508				}
3509			}
3510		}
3511
3512# check for invalid commit id
3513		if ($in_commit_log && $line =~ /(^fixes:|\bcommit)\s+([0-9a-f]{6,40})\b/i) {
3514			my $id;
3515			my $description;
3516			($id, $description) = git_commit_info($2, undef, undef);
3517			if (!defined($id)) {
3518				WARN("UNKNOWN_COMMIT_ID",
3519				     "Unknown commit id '$2', maybe rebased or not pulled?\n" . $herecurr);
3520			}
3521		}
3522
3523# check for repeated words separated by a single space
3524# avoid false positive from list command eg, '-rw-r--r-- 1 root root'
3525		if (($rawline =~ /^\+/ || $in_commit_log) &&
3526		    $rawline !~ /[bcCdDlMnpPs\?-][rwxsStT-]{9}/) {
3527			pos($rawline) = 1 if (!$in_commit_log);
3528			while ($rawline =~ /\b($word_pattern) (?=($word_pattern))/g) {
3529
3530				my $first = $1;
3531				my $second = $2;
3532				my $start_pos = $-[1];
3533				my $end_pos = $+[2];
3534				if ($first =~ /(?:struct|union|enum)/) {
3535					pos($rawline) += length($first) + length($second) + 1;
3536					next;
3537				}
3538
3539				next if (lc($first) ne lc($second));
3540				next if ($first eq 'long');
3541
3542				# check for character before and after the word matches
3543				my $start_char = '';
3544				my $end_char = '';
3545				$start_char = substr($rawline, $start_pos - 1, 1) if ($start_pos > ($in_commit_log ? 0 : 1));
3546				$end_char = substr($rawline, $end_pos, 1) if ($end_pos < length($rawline));
3547
3548				next if ($start_char =~ /^\S$/);
3549				next if (index(" \t.,;?!", $end_char) == -1);
3550
3551				# avoid repeating hex occurrences like 'ff ff fe 09 ...'
3552				if ($first =~ /\b[0-9a-f]{2,}\b/i) {
3553					next if (!exists($allow_repeated_words{lc($first)}));
3554				}
3555
3556				if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3557					 "Possible repeated word: '$first'\n" . $herecurr) &&
3558				    $fix) {
3559					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$first $second\b/$first/;
3560				}
3561			}
3562
3563			# if it's a repeated word on consecutive lines in a comment block
3564			if ($prevline =~ /$;+\s*$/ &&
3565			    $prevrawline =~ /($word_pattern)\s*$/) {
3566				my $last_word = $1;
3567				if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*\*\s*$last_word /) {
3568					if (WARN("REPEATED_WORD",
3569						 "Possible repeated word: '$last_word'\n" . $hereprev) &&
3570					    $fix) {
3571						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\+\s*\*\s*)$last_word /$1/;
3572					}
3573				}
3574			}
3575		}
3576
3577# ignore non-hunk lines and lines being removed
3578		next if (!$hunk_line || $line =~ /^-/);
3579
3580#trailing whitespace
3581		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\015/) {
3582			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3583			if (ERROR("DOS_LINE_ENDINGS",
3584				  "DOS line endings\n" . $herevet) &&
3585			    $fix) {
3586				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/[\s\015]+$//;
3587			}
3588		} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\S\s+$/ || $rawline =~ /^\+\s+$/) {
3589			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3590			if (ERROR("TRAILING_WHITESPACE",
3591				  "trailing whitespace\n" . $herevet) &&
3592			    $fix) {
3593				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
3594			}
3595
3596			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3597		}
3598
3599# Check for FSF mailing addresses.
3600		if ($rawline =~ /\bwrite to the Free/i ||
3601		    $rawline =~ /\b675\s+Mass\s+Ave/i ||
3602		    $rawline =~ /\b59\s+Temple\s+Pl/i ||
3603		    $rawline =~ /\b51\s+Franklin\s+St/i) {
3604			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3605			my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
3606			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3607			&{$msg_level}("FSF_MAILING_ADDRESS",
3608				      "Do not include the paragraph about writing to the Free Software Foundation's mailing address from the sample GPL notice. The FSF has changed addresses in the past, and may do so again. Linux already includes a copy of the GPL.\n" . $herevet)
3609		}
3610
3611# check for Kconfig help text having a real description
3612# Only applies when adding the entry originally, after that we do not have
3613# sufficient context to determine whether it is indeed long enough.
3614		if ($realfile =~ /Kconfig/ &&
3615		    # 'choice' is usually the last thing on the line (though
3616		    # Kconfig supports named choices), so use a word boundary
3617		    # (\b) rather than a whitespace character (\s)
3618		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:config|menuconfig|choice)\b/) {
3619			my $ln = $linenr;
3620			my $needs_help = 0;
3621			my $has_help = 0;
3622			my $help_length = 0;
3623			while (defined $lines[$ln]) {
3624				my $f = $lines[$ln++];
3625
3626				next if ($f =~ /^-/);
3627				last if ($f !~ /^[\+ ]/);	# !patch context
3628
3629				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*(?:bool|tristate|prompt)\s*["']/) {
3630					$needs_help = 1;
3631					next;
3632				}
3633				if ($f =~ /^\+\s*help\s*$/) {
3634					$has_help = 1;
3635					next;
3636				}
3637
3638				$f =~ s/^.//;	# strip patch context [+ ]
3639				$f =~ s/#.*//;	# strip # directives
3640				$f =~ s/^\s+//;	# strip leading blanks
3641				next if ($f =~ /^$/);	# skip blank lines
3642
3643				# At the end of this Kconfig block:
3644				# This only checks context lines in the patch
3645				# and so hopefully shouldn't trigger false
3646				# positives, even though some of these are
3647				# common words in help texts
3648				if ($f =~ /^(?:config|menuconfig|choice|endchoice|
3649					       if|endif|menu|endmenu|source)\b/x) {
3650					last;
3651				}
3652				$help_length++ if ($has_help);
3653			}
3654			if ($needs_help &&
3655			    $help_length < $min_conf_desc_length) {
3656				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $ln - 1);
3657				WARN("CONFIG_DESCRIPTION",
3658				     "please write a help paragraph that fully describes the config symbol\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
3659			}
3660		}
3661
3662# check MAINTAINERS entries
3663		if ($realfile =~ /^MAINTAINERS$/) {
3664# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right form
3665			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3666			    $rawline !~ /^\+[A-Z]:\t\S/) {
3667				if (WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3668					 "MAINTAINERS entries use one tab after TYPE:\n" . $herecurr) &&
3669				    $fix) {
3670					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+[A-Z]):\s*/$1:\t/;
3671				}
3672			}
3673# check MAINTAINERS entries for the right ordering too
3674			my $preferred_order = 'MRLSWQBCPTFXNK';
3675			if ($rawline =~ /^\+[A-Z]:/ &&
3676			    $prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ][A-Z]:/) {
3677				$rawline =~ /^\+([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3678				my $cur = $1;
3679				my $curval = $2;
3680				$prevrawline =~ /^[\+ ]([A-Z]):\s*(.*)/;
3681				my $prev = $1;
3682				my $prevval = $2;
3683				my $curindex = index($preferred_order, $cur);
3684				my $previndex = index($preferred_order, $prev);
3685				if ($curindex < 0) {
3686					WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3687					     "Unknown MAINTAINERS entry type: '$cur'\n" . $herecurr);
3688				} else {
3689					if ($previndex >= 0 && $curindex < $previndex) {
3690						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3691						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list '$cur:' before '$prev:'\n" . $hereprev);
3692					} elsif ((($prev eq 'F' && $cur eq 'F') ||
3693						  ($prev eq 'X' && $cur eq 'X')) &&
3694						 ($prevval cmp $curval) > 0) {
3695						WARN("MAINTAINERS_STYLE",
3696						     "Misordered MAINTAINERS entry - list file patterns in alphabetic order\n" . $hereprev);
3697					}
3698				}
3699			}
3700		}
3701
3702		if (($realfile =~ /Makefile.*/ || $realfile =~ /Kbuild.*/) &&
3703		    ($line =~ /\+(EXTRA_[A-Z]+FLAGS).*/)) {
3704			my $flag = $1;
3705			my $replacement = {
3706				'EXTRA_AFLAGS' =>   'asflags-y',
3707				'EXTRA_CFLAGS' =>   'ccflags-y',
3708				'EXTRA_CPPFLAGS' => 'cppflags-y',
3709				'EXTRA_LDFLAGS' =>  'ldflags-y',
3710			};
3711
3712			WARN("DEPRECATED_VARIABLE",
3713			     "Use of $flag is deprecated, please use \`$replacement->{$flag} instead.\n" . $herecurr) if ($replacement->{$flag});
3714		}
3715
3716# check for DT compatible documentation
3717		if (defined $root &&
3718			(($realfile =~ /\.dtsi?$/ && $line =~ /^\+\s*compatible\s*=\s*\"/) ||
3719			 ($realfile =~ /\.[ch]$/ && $line =~ /^\+.*\.compatible\s*=\s*\"/))) {
3720
3721			my @compats = $rawline =~ /\"([a-zA-Z0-9\-\,\.\+_]+)\"/g;
3722
3723			my $dt_path = $root . "/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/";
3724			my $vp_file = $dt_path . "vendor-prefixes.yaml";
3725
3726			foreach my $compat (@compats) {
3727				my $compat2 = $compat;
3728				$compat2 =~ s/\,[a-zA-Z0-9]*\-/\,<\.\*>\-/;
3729				my $compat3 = $compat;
3730				$compat3 =~ s/\,([a-z]*)[0-9]*\-/\,$1<\.\*>\-/;
3731				`grep -Erq "$compat|$compat2|$compat3" $dt_path`;
3732				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3733					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3734					     "DT compatible string \"$compat\" appears un-documented -- check $dt_path\n" . $herecurr);
3735				}
3736
3737				next if $compat !~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\,/;
3738				my $vendor = $1;
3739				`grep -Eq "\\"\\^\Q$vendor\E,\\.\\*\\":" $vp_file`;
3740				if ( $? >> 8 ) {
3741					WARN("UNDOCUMENTED_DT_STRING",
3742					     "DT compatible string vendor \"$vendor\" appears un-documented -- check $vp_file\n" . $herecurr);
3743				}
3744			}
3745		}
3746
3747# check for using SPDX license tag at beginning of files
3748		if ($realline == $checklicenseline) {
3749			if ($rawline =~ /^[ \+]\s*\#\!\s*\//) {
3750				$checklicenseline = 2;
3751			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+/) {
3752				my $comment = "";
3753				if ($realfile =~ /\.(h|s|S)$/) {
3754					$comment = '/*';
3755				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.(c|rs|dts|dtsi)$/) {
3756					$comment = '//';
3757				} elsif (($checklicenseline == 2) || $realfile =~ /\.(sh|pl|py|awk|tc|yaml)$/) {
3758					$comment = '#';
3759				} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.rst$/) {
3760					$comment = '..';
3761				}
3762
3763# check SPDX comment style for .[chsS] files
3764				if ($realfile =~ /\.[chsS]$/ &&
3765				    $rawline =~ /SPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3766				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\s*\Q$comment\E\s*@) {
3767					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3768					     "Improper SPDX comment style for '$realfile', please use '$comment' instead\n" . $herecurr);
3769				}
3770
3771				if ($comment !~ /^$/ &&
3772				    $rawline !~ m@^\+\Q$comment\E SPDX-License-Identifier: @) {
3773					WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3774					     "Missing or malformed SPDX-License-Identifier tag in line $checklicenseline\n" . $herecurr);
3775				} elsif ($rawline =~ /(SPDX-License-Identifier: .*)/) {
3776					my $spdx_license = $1;
3777					if (!is_SPDX_License_valid($spdx_license)) {
3778						WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3779						     "'$spdx_license' is not supported in LICENSES/...\n" . $herecurr);
3780					}
3781					if ($realfile =~ m@^Documentation/devicetree/bindings/@ &&
3782					    $spdx_license !~ /GPL-2\.0(?:-only)? OR BSD-2-Clause/) {
3783						my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3784						$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3785						if (&{$msg_level}("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3786
3787								  "DT binding documents should be licensed (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)\n" . $herecurr) &&
3788						    $fix) {
3789							$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/SPDX-License-Identifier: .*/SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)/;
3790						}
3791					}
3792					if ($realfile =~ m@^include/dt-bindings/@ &&
3793					    $spdx_license !~ /GPL-2\.0(?:-only)? OR \S+/) {
3794						WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3795						     "DT binding headers should be licensed (GPL-2.0-only OR .*)\n" . $herecurr);
3796					}
3797				}
3798			}
3799		}
3800
3801# check for embedded filenames
3802		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\b\Q$realfile\E\b/) {
3803			WARN("EMBEDDED_FILENAME",
3804			     "It's generally not useful to have the filename in the file\n" . $herecurr);
3805		}
3806
3807# check we are in a valid source file if not then ignore this hunk
3808		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|rs|s|S|sh|dtsi|dts)$/);
3809
3810# check for using SPDX-License-Identifier on the wrong line number
3811		if ($realline != $checklicenseline &&
3812		    $rawline =~ /\bSPDX-License-Identifier:/ &&
3813		    substr($line, @-, @+ - @-) eq "$;" x (@+ - @-)) {
3814			WARN("SPDX_LICENSE_TAG",
3815			     "Misplaced SPDX-License-Identifier tag - use line $checklicenseline instead\n" . $herecurr);
3816		}
3817
3818# line length limit (with some exclusions)
3819#
3820# There are a few types of lines that may extend beyond $max_line_length:
3821#	logging functions like pr_info that end in a string
3822#	lines with a single string
3823#	#defines that are a single string
3824#	lines with an RFC3986 like URL
3825#
3826# There are 3 different line length message types:
3827# LONG_LINE_COMMENT	a comment starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3828# LONG_LINE_STRING	a string starts before but extends beyond $max_line_length
3829# LONG_LINE		all other lines longer than $max_line_length
3830#
3831# if LONG_LINE is ignored, the other 2 types are also ignored
3832#
3833
3834		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && $length > $max_line_length) {
3835			my $msg_type = "LONG_LINE";
3836
3837			# Check the allowed long line types first
3838
3839			# logging functions that end in a string that starts
3840			# before $max_line_length
3841			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$logFunctions\s*\(\s*(?:(?:KERN_\S+\s*|[^"]*))?($String\s*(?:|,|\)\s*;)\s*)$/ &&
3842			    length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3843				$msg_type = "";
3844
3845			# lines with only strings (w/ possible termination)
3846			# #defines with only strings
3847			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String\s*(?:\s*|,|\)\s*;)\s*$/ ||
3848				 $line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+\w+\s+$String$/) {
3849				$msg_type = "";
3850
3851			# More special cases
3852			} elsif ($line =~ /^\+.*\bEFI_GUID\s*\(/ ||
3853				 $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:\w+)?\s*DEFINE_PER_CPU/) {
3854				$msg_type = "";
3855
3856			# URL ($rawline is used in case the URL is in a comment)
3857			} elsif ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\b[a-z][\w\.\+\-]*:\/\/\S+/i) {
3858				$msg_type = "";
3859
3860			# Otherwise set the alternate message types
3861
3862			# a comment starts before $max_line_length
3863			} elsif ($line =~ /($;[\s$;]*)$/ &&
3864				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3865				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_COMMENT"
3866
3867			# a quoted string starts before $max_line_length
3868			} elsif ($sline =~ /\s*($String(?:\s*(?:\\|,\s*|\)\s*;\s*))?)$/ &&
3869				 length(expand_tabs(substr($line, 1, length($line) - length($1) - 1))) <= $max_line_length) {
3870				$msg_type = "LONG_LINE_STRING"
3871			}
3872
3873			if ($msg_type ne "" &&
3874			    show_type("LONG_LINE") && show_type($msg_type)) {
3875				my $msg_level = \&WARN;
3876				$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
3877				&{$msg_level}($msg_type,
3878					      "line length of $length exceeds $max_line_length columns\n" . $herecurr);
3879			}
3880		}
3881
3882# check for adding lines without a newline.
3883		if ($line =~ /^\+/ && defined $lines[$linenr] && $lines[$linenr] =~ /^\\ No newline at end of file/) {
3884			if (WARN("MISSING_EOF_NEWLINE",
3885			         "adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr) &&
3886			    $fix) {
3887				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr+1, "No newline at end of file");
3888			}
3889		}
3890
3891# check for .L prefix local symbols in .S files
3892		if ($realfile =~ /\.S$/ &&
3893		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:[A-Z]+_)?SYM_[A-Z]+_(?:START|END)(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(\s*\.L/) {
3894			WARN("AVOID_L_PREFIX",
3895			     "Avoid using '.L' prefixed local symbol names for denoting a range of code via 'SYM_*_START/END' annotations; see Documentation/core-api/asm-annotations.rst\n" . $herecurr);
3896		}
3897
3898# check we are in a valid source file C or perl if not then ignore this hunk
3899		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c|pl|dtsi|dts)$/);
3900
3901# at the beginning of a line any tabs must come first and anything
3902# more than $tabsize must use tabs.
3903		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s* \t\s*\S/ ||
3904		    $rawline =~ /^\+\s*        \s*/) {
3905			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3906			$rpt_cleaners = 1;
3907			if (ERROR("CODE_INDENT",
3908				  "code indent should use tabs where possible\n" . $herevet) &&
3909			    $fix) {
3910				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
3911			}
3912		}
3913
3914# check for space before tabs.
3915		if ($rawline =~ /^\+/ && $rawline =~ / \t/) {
3916			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
3917			if (WARN("SPACE_BEFORE_TAB",
3918				"please, no space before tabs\n" . $herevet) &&
3919			    $fix) {
3920				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3921					   s/(^\+.*) {$tabsize,$tabsize}\t/$1\t\t/) {}
3922				while ($fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3923					   s/(^\+.*) +\t/$1\t/) {}
3924			}
3925		}
3926
3927# check for assignments on the start of a line
3928		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s+($Assignment)[^=]/) {
3929			my $operator = $1;
3930			if (CHK("ASSIGNMENT_CONTINUATIONS",
3931				"Assignment operator '$1' should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3932			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3933				# add assignment operator to the previous line, remove from current line
3934				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] .= " $operator";
3935				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3936			}
3937		}
3938
3939# check for && or || at the start of a line
3940		if ($rawline =~ /^\+\s*(&&|\|\|)/) {
3941			my $operator = $1;
3942			if (CHK("LOGICAL_CONTINUATIONS",
3943				"Logical continuations should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
3944			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
3945				# insert logical operator at last non-comment, non-whitepsace char on previous line
3946				$prevline =~ /[\s$;]*$/;
3947				my $line_end = substr($prevrawline, $-[0]);
3948				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] =~ s/\Q$line_end\E$/ $operator$line_end/;
3949				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$operator\E\s*//;
3950			}
3951		}
3952
3953# check indentation starts on a tab stop
3954		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3955		    $sline =~ /^\+\t+( +)(?:$c90_Keywords\b|\{\s*$|\}\s*(?:else\b|while\b|\s*$)|$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[;=])/) {
3956			my $indent = length($1);
3957			if ($indent % $tabsize) {
3958				if (WARN("TABSTOP",
3959					 "Statements should start on a tabstop\n" . $herecurr) &&
3960				    $fix) {
3961					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@(^\+\t+) +@$1 . "\t" x ($indent/$tabsize)@e;
3962				}
3963			}
3964		}
3965
3966# check multi-line statement indentation matches previous line
3967		if ($perl_version_ok &&
3968		    $prevline =~ /^\+([ \t]*)((?:$c90_Keywords(?:\s+if)\s*)|(?:$Declare\s*)?(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*|(?:\*\s*)*$Lval\s*=\s*$Ident\s*)\(.*(\&\&|\|\||,)\s*$/) {
3969			$prevline =~ /^\+(\t*)(.*)$/;
3970			my $oldindent = $1;
3971			my $rest = $2;
3972
3973			my $pos = pos_last_openparen($rest);
3974			if ($pos >= 0) {
3975				$line =~ /^(\+| )([ \t]*)/;
3976				my $newindent = $2;
3977
3978				my $goodtabindent = $oldindent .
3979					"\t" x ($pos / $tabsize) .
3980					" "  x ($pos % $tabsize);
3981				my $goodspaceindent = $oldindent . " "  x $pos;
3982
3983				if ($newindent ne $goodtabindent &&
3984				    $newindent ne $goodspaceindent) {
3985
3986					if (CHK("PARENTHESIS_ALIGNMENT",
3987						"Alignment should match open parenthesis\n" . $hereprev) &&
3988					    $fix && $line =~ /^\+/) {
3989						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
3990						    s/^\+[ \t]*/\+$goodtabindent/;
3991					}
3992				}
3993			}
3994		}
3995
3996# check for space after cast like "(int) foo" or "(struct foo) bar"
3997# avoid checking a few false positives:
3998#   "sizeof(<type>)" or "__alignof__(<type>)"
3999#   function pointer declarations like "(*foo)(int) = bar;"
4000#   structure definitions like "(struct foo) { 0 };"
4001#   multiline macros that define functions
4002#   known attributes or the __attribute__ keyword
4003		if ($line =~ /^\+(.*)\(\s*$Type\s*\)([ \t]++)((?![={]|\\$|$Attribute|__attribute__))/ &&
4004		    (!defined($1) || $1 !~ /\b(?:sizeof|__alignof__)\s*$/)) {
4005			if (CHK("SPACING",
4006				"No space is necessary after a cast\n" . $herecurr) &&
4007			    $fix) {
4008				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4009				    s/(\(\s*$Type\s*\))[ \t]+/$1/;
4010			}
4011		}
4012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4013# Block comments use * on subsequent lines
4014		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
4015		    $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#starting /*
4016		    $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/ &&		#no trailing */
4017		    $rawline =~ /^\+/ &&			#line is new
4018		    $rawline !~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/) {		#no leading *
4019			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
4020			     "Block comments use * on subsequent lines\n" . $hereprev);
4021		}
4022
4023# Block comments use */ on trailing lines
4024		if ($rawline !~ m@^\+[ \t]*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing */
4025		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*/\*.*\*/[ \t]*$@ &&	#inline /*...*/
4026		    $rawline !~ m@^\+.*\*{2,}/[ \t]*$@ &&	#trailing **/
4027		    $rawline =~ m@^\+[ \t]*.+\*\/[ \t]*$@) {	#non blank */
4028			WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
4029			     "Block comments use a trailing */ on a separate line\n" . $herecurr);
4030		}
4031
4032# Block comment * alignment
4033		if ($prevline =~ /$;[ \t]*$/ &&			#ends in comment
4034		    $line =~ /^\+[ \t]*$;/ &&			#leading comment
4035		    $rawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/ &&		#leading *
4036		    (($prevrawline =~ /^\+.*?\/\*/ &&		#leading /*
4037		      $prevrawline !~ /\*\/[ \t]*$/) ||		#no trailing */
4038		     $prevrawline =~ /^\+[ \t]*\*/)) {		#leading *
4039			my $oldindent;
4040			$prevrawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*/?)\*@;
4041			if (defined($1)) {
4042				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
4043			} else {
4044				$prevrawline =~ m@^\+(.*/?)\*@;
4045				$oldindent = expand_tabs($1);
4046			}
4047			$rawline =~ m@^\+([ \t]*)\*@;
4048			my $newindent = $1;
4049			$newindent = expand_tabs($newindent);
4050			if (length($oldindent) ne length($newindent)) {
4051				WARN("BLOCK_COMMENT_STYLE",
4052				     "Block comments should align the * on each line\n" . $hereprev);
4053			}
4054		}
4055
4056# check for missing blank lines after struct/union declarations
4057# with exceptions for various attributes and macros
4058		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]};?\s*$/ &&
4059		    $line =~ /^\+/ &&
4060		    !($line =~ /^\+\s*$/ ||
4061		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:EXPORT_SYMBOL|early_param|ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION)/ ||
4062		      $line =~ /^\+\s*MODULE_/i ||
4063		      $line =~ /^\+\s*\#\s*(?:end|elif|else)/ ||
4064		      $line =~ /^\+[a-z_]*init/ ||
4065		      $line =~ /^\+\s*(?:static\s+)?[A-Z_]*ATTR/ ||
4066		      $line =~ /^\+\s*DECLARE/ ||
4067		      $line =~ /^\+\s*builtin_[\w_]*driver/ ||
4068		      $line =~ /^\+\s*__setup/)) {
4069			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4070				"Please use a blank line after function/struct/union/enum declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4071			    $fix) {
4072				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4073			}
4074		}
4075
4076# check for multiple consecutive blank lines
4077		if ($prevline =~ /^[\+ ]\s*$/ &&
4078		    $line =~ /^\+\s*$/ &&
4079		    $last_blank_line != ($linenr - 1)) {
4080			if (CHK("LINE_SPACING",
4081				"Please don't use multiple blank lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
4082			    $fix) {
4083				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4084			}
4085
4086			$last_blank_line = $linenr;
4087		}
4088
4089# check for missing blank lines after declarations
4090# (declarations must have the same indentation and not be at the start of line)
4091		if (($prevline =~ /\+(\s+)\S/) && $sline =~ /^\+$1\S/) {
4092			# use temporaries
4093			my $sl = $sline;
4094			my $pl = $prevline;
4095			# remove $Attribute/$Sparse uses to simplify comparisons
4096			$sl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4097			$pl =~ s/\b(?:$Attribute|$Sparse)\b//g;
4098			if (($pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4099			# function pointer declarations
4100			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4101			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4102			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4103			# known declaration macros
4104			     $pl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/) &&
4105			# for "else if" which can look like "$Ident $Ident"
4106			    !($pl =~ /^\+\s+$c90_Keywords\b/ ||
4107			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4108			      $pl =~ /(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)\s*$/ ||
4109			# not starting a section or a macro "\" extended line
4110			      $pl =~ /(?:\{\s*|\\)$/) &&
4111			# looks like a declaration
4112			    !($sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*$Ident\s*[=,;:\[]/ ||
4113			# function pointer declarations
4114			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*[=,;:\[\(]/ ||
4115			# foo bar; where foo is some local typedef or #define
4116			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident(?:\s+|\s*\*\s*)$Ident\s*[=,;\[]/ ||
4117			# known declaration macros
4118			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$declaration_macros/ ||
4119			# start of struct or union or enum
4120			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:static\s+)?(?:const\s+)?(?:union|struct|enum|typedef)\b/ ||
4121			# start or end of block or continuation of declaration
4122			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+(?:$|[\{\}\.\#\"\?\:\(\[])/ ||
4123			# bitfield continuation
4124			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+$Ident\s*:\s*\d+\s*[,;]/ ||
4125			# other possible extensions of declaration lines
4126			      $sl =~ /^\+\s+\(?\s*(?:$Compare|$Assignment|$Operators)/)) {
4127				if (WARN("LINE_SPACING",
4128					 "Missing a blank line after declarations\n" . $hereprev) &&
4129				    $fix) {
4130					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+");
4131				}
4132			}
4133		}
4134
4135# check for spaces at the beginning of a line.
4136# Exceptions:
4137#  1) within comments
4138#  2) indented preprocessor commands
4139#  3) hanging labels
4140		if ($rawline =~ /^\+ / && $line !~ /^\+ *(?:$;|#|$Ident:)/)  {
4141			my $herevet = "$here\n" . cat_vet($rawline) . "\n";
4142			if (WARN("LEADING_SPACE",
4143				 "please, no spaces at the start of a line\n" . $herevet) &&
4144			    $fix) {
4145				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+([ \t]+)/"\+" . tabify($1)/e;
4146			}
4147		}
4148
4149# check we are in a valid C source file if not then ignore this hunk
4150		next if ($realfile !~ /\.(h|c)$/);
4151
4152# check for unusual line ending [ or (
4153		if ($line =~ /^\+.*([\[\(])\s*$/) {
4154			CHK("OPEN_ENDED_LINE",
4155			    "Lines should not end with a '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
4156		}
4157
4158# check if this appears to be the start function declaration, save the name
4159		if ($sline =~ /^\+\{\s*$/ &&
4160		    $prevline =~ /^\+(?:(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*)?($Ident)\(/) {
4161			$context_function = $1;
4162		}
4163
4164# check if this appears to be the end of function declaration
4165		if ($sline =~ /^\+\}\s*$/) {
4166			undef $context_function;
4167		}
4168
4169# check indentation of any line with a bare else
4170# (but not if it is a multiple line "if (foo) return bar; else return baz;")
4171# if the previous line is a break or return and is indented 1 tab more...
4172		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)(?:}[ \t]*)?else(?:[ \t]*{)?\s*$/) {
4173			my $tabs = length($1) + 1;
4174			if ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}break\b/ ||
4175			    ($prevline =~ /^\+\t{$tabs,$tabs}return\b/ &&
4176			     defined $lines[$linenr] &&
4177			     $lines[$linenr] !~ /^[ \+]\t{$tabs,$tabs}return/)) {
4178				WARN("UNNECESSARY_ELSE",
4179				     "else is not generally useful after a break or return\n" . $hereprev);
4180			}
4181		}
4182
4183# check indentation of a line with a break;
4184# if the previous line is a goto, return or break
4185# and is indented the same # of tabs
4186		if ($sline =~ /^\+([\t]+)break\s*;\s*$/) {
4187			my $tabs = $1;
4188			if ($prevline =~ /^\+$tabs(goto|return|break)\b/) {
4189				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_BREAK",
4190					 "break is not useful after a $1\n" . $hereprev) &&
4191				    $fix) {
4192					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4193				}
4194			}
4195		}
4196
4197# check for RCS/CVS revision markers
4198		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|)/) {
4199			WARN("CVS_KEYWORD",
4200			     "CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $herecurr);
4201		}
4202
4203# check for old HOTPLUG __dev<foo> section markings
4204		if ($line =~ /\b(__dev(init|exit)(data|const|))\b/) {
4205			WARN("HOTPLUG_SECTION",
4206			     "Using $1 is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr);
4207		}
4208
4209# Check for potential 'bare' types
4210		my ($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next,
4211		    $realline_next);
4212#print "LINE<$line>\n";
4213		if ($linenr > $suppress_statement &&
4214		    $realcnt && $sline =~ /.\s*\S/) {
4215			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4216				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4217			$stat =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4218			$cond =~ s/\n./\n /g;
4219
4220#print "linenr<$linenr> <$stat>\n";
4221			# If this statement has no statement boundaries within
4222			# it there is no point in retrying a statement scan
4223			# until we hit end of it.
4224			my $frag = $stat; $frag =~ s/;+\s*$//;
4225			if ($frag !~ /(?:{|;)/) {
4226#print "skip<$line_nr_next>\n";
4227				$suppress_statement = $line_nr_next;
4228			}
4229
4230			# Find the real next line.
4231			$realline_next = $line_nr_next;
4232			if (defined $realline_next &&
4233			    (!defined $lines[$realline_next - 1] ||
4234			     substr($lines[$realline_next - 1], $off_next) =~ /^\s*$/)) {
4235				$realline_next++;
4236			}
4237
4238			my $s = $stat;
4239			$s =~ s/{.*$//s;
4240
4241			# Ignore goto labels.
4242			if ($s =~ /$Ident:\*$/s) {
4243
4244			# Ignore functions being called
4245			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
4246
4247			} elsif ($s =~ /^.\s*else\b/s) {
4248
4249			# declarations always start with types
4250			} elsif ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?((?:\s*$Ident)+?)\b(?:\s+$Sparse)?\s*\**\s*(?:$Ident|\(\*[^\)]*\))(?:\s*$Modifier)?\s*(?:;|=|,|\()/s) {
4251				my $type = $1;
4252				$type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4253				possible($type, "A:" . $s);
4254
4255			# definitions in global scope can only start with types
4256			} elsif ($s =~ /^.(?:$Storage\s+)?(?:$Inline\s+)?(?:const\s+)?($Ident)\b\s*(?!:)/s) {
4257				possible($1, "B:" . $s);
4258			}
4259
4260			# any (foo ... *) is a pointer cast, and foo is a type
4261			while ($s =~ /\(($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*[\s\*]+\s*\)/sg) {
4262				possible($1, "C:" . $s);
4263			}
4264
4265			# Check for any sort of function declaration.
4266			# int foo(something bar, other baz);
4267			# void (*store_gdt)(x86_descr_ptr *);
4268			if ($prev_values eq 'E' && $s =~ /^(.(?:typedef\s*)?(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline)\s*)*\s*$Type\s*(?:\b$Ident|\(\*\s*$Ident\))\s*)\(/s) {
4269				my ($name_len) = length($1);
4270
4271				my $ctx = $s;
4272				substr($ctx, 0, $name_len + 1, '');
4273				$ctx =~ s/\)[^\)]*$//;
4274
4275				for my $arg (split(/\s*,\s*/, $ctx)) {
4276					if ($arg =~ /^(?:const\s+)?($Ident)(?:\s+$Sparse)*\s*\**\s*(:?\b$Ident)?$/s || $arg =~ /^($Ident)$/s) {
4277
4278						possible($1, "D:" . $s);
4279					}
4280				}
4281			}
4282
4283		}
4284
4285#
4286# Checks which may be anchored in the context.
4287#
4288
4289# Check for switch () and associated case and default
4290# statements should be at the same indent.
4291		if ($line=~/\bswitch\s*\(.*\)/) {
4292			my $err = '';
4293			my $sep = '';
4294			my @ctx = ctx_block_outer($linenr, $realcnt);
4295			shift(@ctx);
4296			for my $ctx (@ctx) {
4297				my ($clen, $cindent) = line_stats($ctx);
4298				if ($ctx =~ /^\+\s*(case\s+|default:)/ &&
4299							$indent != $cindent) {
4300					$err .= "$sep$ctx\n";
4301					$sep = '';
4302				} else {
4303					$sep = "[...]\n";
4304				}
4305			}
4306			if ($err ne '') {
4307				ERROR("SWITCH_CASE_INDENT_LEVEL",
4308				      "switch and case should be at the same indent\n$hereline$err");
4309			}
4310		}
4311
4312# if/while/etc brace do not go on next line, unless defining a do while loop,
4313# or if that brace on the next line is for something else
4314		if ($line =~ /(.*)\b((?:if|while|for|switch|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|do\b|else\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\#/) {
4315			my $pre_ctx = "$1$2";
4316
4317			my ($level, @ctx) = ctx_statement_level($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
4318
4319			if ($line =~ /^\+\t{6,}/) {
4320				WARN("DEEP_INDENTATION",
4321				     "Too many leading tabs - consider code refactoring\n" . $herecurr);
4322			}
4323
4324			my $ctx_cnt = $realcnt - $#ctx - 1;
4325			my $ctx = join("\n", @ctx);
4326
4327			my $ctx_ln = $linenr;
4328			my $ctx_skip = $realcnt;
4329
4330			while ($ctx_skip > $ctx_cnt || ($ctx_skip == $ctx_cnt &&
4331					defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] &&
4332					$lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^-/)) {
4333				##print "SKIP<$ctx_skip> CNT<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4334				$ctx_skip-- if (!defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] || $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] !~ /^-/);
4335				$ctx_ln++;
4336			}
4337
4338			#print "realcnt<$realcnt> ctx_cnt<$ctx_cnt>\n";
4339			#print "pre<$pre_ctx>\nline<$line>\nctx<$ctx>\nnext<$lines[$ctx_ln - 1]>\n";
4340
4341			if ($ctx !~ /{\s*/ && defined($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]) && $lines[$ctx_ln - 1] =~ /^\+\s*{/) {
4342				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4343				      "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" .
4344					"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4345			}
4346			if ($level == 0 && $pre_ctx !~ /}\s*while\s*\($/ &&
4347			    $ctx =~ /\)\s*\;\s*$/ &&
4348			    defined $lines[$ctx_ln - 1])
4349			{
4350				my ($nlength, $nindent) = line_stats($lines[$ctx_ln - 1]);
4351				if ($nindent > $indent) {
4352					WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
4353					     "trailing semicolon indicates no statements, indent implies otherwise\n" .
4354						"$here\n$ctx\n$rawlines[$ctx_ln - 1]\n");
4355				}
4356			}
4357		}
4358
4359# Check relative indent for conditionals and blocks.
4360		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:if|while|for|(?:[a-z_]+|)for_each[a-z_]+)\s*\(|(?:do|else)\b)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/ && $line !~ /\}\s*while\s*/) {
4361			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
4362				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
4363					if (!defined $stat);
4364			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
4365
4366			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
4367
4368			# remove inline comments
4369			$s =~ s/$;/ /g;
4370			$c =~ s/$;/ /g;
4371
4372			# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
4373			my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
4374			my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
4375
4376			# Make sure we remove the line prefixes as we have
4377			# none on the first line, and are going to readd them
4378			# where necessary.
4379			$s =~ s/\n./\n/gs;
4380			while ($s =~ /\n\s+\\\n/) {
4381				$cond_lines += $s =~ s/\n\s+\\\n/\n/g;
4382			}
4383
4384			# We want to check the first line inside the block
4385			# starting at the end of the conditional, so remove:
4386			#  1) any blank line termination
4387			#  2) any opening brace { on end of the line
4388			#  3) any do (...) {
4389			my $continuation = 0;
4390			my $check = 0;
4391			$s =~ s/^.*\bdo\b//;
4392			$s =~ s/^\s*{//;
4393			if ($s =~ s/^\s*\\//) {
4394				$continuation = 1;
4395			}
4396			if ($s =~ s/^\s*?\n//) {
4397				$check = 1;
4398				$cond_lines++;
4399			}
4400
4401			# Also ignore a loop construct at the end of a
4402			# preprocessor statement.
4403			if (($prevline =~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s/ ||
4404			    $prevline =~ /\\\s*$/) && $continuation == 0) {
4405				$check = 0;
4406			}
4407
4408			my $cond_ptr = -1;
4409			$continuation = 0;
4410			while ($cond_ptr != $cond_lines) {
4411				$cond_ptr = $cond_lines;
4412
4413				# If we see an #else/#elif then the code
4414				# is not linear.
4415				if ($s =~ /^\s*\#\s*(?:else|elif)/) {
4416					$check = 0;
4417				}
4418
4419				# Ignore:
4420				#  1) blank lines, they should be at 0,
4421				#  2) preprocessor lines, and
4422				#  3) labels.
4423				if ($continuation ||
4424				    $s =~ /^\s*?\n/ ||
4425				    $s =~ /^\s*#\s*?/ ||
4426				    $s =~ /^\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
4427					$continuation = ($s =~ /^.*?\\\n/) ? 1 : 0;
4428					if ($s =~ s/^.*?\n//) {
4429						$cond_lines++;
4430					}
4431				}
4432			}
4433
4434			my (undef, $sindent) = line_stats("+" . $s);
4435			my $stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines);
4436
4437			# Check if either of these lines are modified, else
4438			# this is not this patch's fault.
4439			if (!defined($stat_real) ||
4440			    $stat !~ /^\+/ && $stat_real !~ /^\+/) {
4441				$check = 0;
4442			}
4443			if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
4444				$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
4445			}
4446
4447			#print "line<$line> prevline<$prevline> indent<$indent> sindent<$sindent> check<$check> continuation<$continuation> s<$s> cond_lines<$cond_lines> stat_real<$stat_real> stat<$stat>\n";
4448
4449			if ($check && $s ne '' &&
4450			    (($sindent % $tabsize) != 0 ||
4451			     ($sindent < $indent) ||
4452			     ($sindent == $indent &&
4453			      ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\}|\{|else\b)/)) ||
4454			     ($sindent > $indent + $tabsize))) {
4455				WARN("SUSPECT_CODE_INDENT",
4456				     "suspect code indent for conditional statements ($indent, $sindent)\n" . $herecurr . "$stat_real\n");
4457			}
4458		}
4459
4460		# Track the 'values' across context and added lines.
4461		my $opline = $line; $opline =~ s/^./ /;
4462		my ($curr_values, $curr_vars) =
4463				annotate_values($opline . "\n", $prev_values);
4464		$curr_values = $prev_values . $curr_values;
4465		if ($dbg_values) {
4466			my $outline = $opline; $outline =~ s/\t/ /g;
4467			print "$linenr > .$outline\n";
4468			print "$linenr > $curr_values\n";
4469			print "$linenr >  $curr_vars\n";
4470		}
4471		$prev_values = substr($curr_values, -1);
4472
4473#ignore lines not being added
4474		next if ($line =~ /^[^\+]/);
4475
4476# check for self assignments used to avoid compiler warnings
4477# e.g.:	int foo = foo, *bar = NULL;
4478#	struct foo bar = *(&(bar));
4479		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*)\s*=/) {
4480			my $var = $1;
4481			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Declare)?$var\s*=\s*(?:$var|\*\s*\(?\s*&\s*\(?\s*$var\s*\)?\s*\)?)\s*[;,]/) {
4482				WARN("SELF_ASSIGNMENT",
4483				     "Do not use self-assignments to avoid compiler warnings\n" . $herecurr);
4484			}
4485		}
4486
4487# check for dereferences that span multiple lines
4488		if ($prevline =~ /^\+.*$Lval\s*(?:\.|->)\s*$/ &&
4489		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(?!\#\s*(?!define\s+|if))\s*$Lval/) {
4490			$prevline =~ /($Lval\s*(?:\.|->))\s*$/;
4491			my $ref = $1;
4492			$line =~ /^.\s*($Lval)/;
4493			$ref .= $1;
4494			$ref =~ s/\s//g;
4495			WARN("MULTILINE_DEREFERENCE",
4496			     "Avoid multiple line dereference - prefer '$ref'\n" . $hereprev);
4497		}
4498
4499# check for declarations of signed or unsigned without int
4500		while ($line =~ m{\b($Declare)\s*(?!char\b|short\b|int\b|long\b)\s*($Ident)?\s*[=,;\[\)\(]}g) {
4501			my $type = $1;
4502			my $var = $2;
4503			$var = "" if (!defined $var);
4504			if ($type =~ /^(?:(?:$Storage|$Inline|$Attribute)\s+)*((?:un)?signed)((?:\s*\*)*)\s*$/) {
4505				my $sign = $1;
4506				my $pointer = $2;
4507
4508				$pointer = "" if (!defined $pointer);
4509
4510				if (WARN("UNSPECIFIED_INT",
4511					 "Prefer '" . trim($sign) . " int" . rtrim($pointer) . "' to bare use of '$sign" . rtrim($pointer) . "'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4512				    $fix) {
4513					my $decl = trim($sign) . " int ";
4514					my $comp_pointer = $pointer;
4515					$comp_pointer =~ s/\s//g;
4516					$decl .= $comp_pointer;
4517					$decl = rtrim($decl) if ($var eq "");
4518					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\b$sign\s*\Q$pointer\E\s*$var\b@$decl$var@;
4519				}
4520			}
4521		}
4522
4523# TEST: allow direct testing of the type matcher.
4524		if ($dbg_type) {
4525			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Declare\s*$/) {
4526				ERROR("TEST_TYPE",
4527				      "TEST: is type\n" . $herecurr);
4528			} elsif ($dbg_type > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Declare)/) {
4529				ERROR("TEST_NOT_TYPE",
4530				      "TEST: is not type ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4531			}
4532			next;
4533		}
4534# TEST: allow direct testing of the attribute matcher.
4535		if ($dbg_attr) {
4536			if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Modifier\s*$/) {
4537				ERROR("TEST_ATTR",
4538				      "TEST: is attr\n" . $herecurr);
4539			} elsif ($dbg_attr > 1 && $line =~ /^.+($Modifier)/) {
4540				ERROR("TEST_NOT_ATTR",
4541				      "TEST: is not attr ($1 is)\n". $herecurr);
4542			}
4543			next;
4544		}
4545
4546# check for initialisation to aggregates open brace on the next line
4547		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4548		    $prevline =~ /(?:^|[^=])=\s*$/) {
4549			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4550				  "that open brace { should be on the previous line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4551			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4552				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4553				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4554				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
4555				$fixedline =~ s/\s*=\s*$/ = {/;
4556				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4557				$fixedline = $line;
4558				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1/;
4559				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4560			}
4561		}
4562
4563#
4564# Checks which are anchored on the added line.
4565#
4566
4567# check for malformed paths in #include statements (uses RAW line)
4568		if ($rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s+[<"](.*)[">]}) {
4569			my $path = $1;
4570			if ($path =~ m{//}) {
4571				ERROR("MALFORMED_INCLUDE",
4572				      "malformed #include filename\n" . $herecurr);
4573			}
4574			if ($path =~ "^uapi/" && $realfile =~ m@\binclude/uapi/@) {
4575				ERROR("UAPI_INCLUDE",
4576				      "No #include in ...include/uapi/... should use a uapi/ path prefix\n" . $herecurr);
4577			}
4578		}
4579
4580# no C99 // comments
4581		if ($line =~ m{//}) {
4582			if (ERROR("C99_COMMENTS",
4583				  "do not use C99 // comments\n" . $herecurr) &&
4584			    $fix) {
4585				my $line = $fixed[$fixlinenr];
4586				if ($line =~ /\/\/(.*)$/) {
4587					my $comment = trim($1);
4588					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s@\/\/(.*)$@/\* $comment \*/@;
4589				}
4590			}
4591		}
4592		# Remove C99 comments.
4593		$line =~ s@//.*@@;
4594		$opline =~ s@//.*@@;
4595
4596# EXPORT_SYMBOL should immediately follow the thing it is exporting, consider
4597# the whole statement.
4598#print "APW <$lines[$realline_next - 1]>\n";
4599		if (defined $realline_next &&
4600		    exists $lines[$realline_next - 1] &&
4601		    !defined $suppress_export{$realline_next} &&
4602		    ($lines[$realline_next - 1] =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4603			# Handle definitions which produce identifiers with
4604			# a prefix:
4605			#   XXX(foo);
4606			#   EXPORT_SYMBOL(something_foo);
4607			my $name = $1;
4608			$name =~ s/^\s*($Ident).*/$1/;
4609			if ($stat =~ /^(?:.\s*}\s*\n)?.([A-Z_]+)\s*\(\s*($Ident)/ &&
4610			    $name =~ /^${Ident}_$2/) {
4611#print "FOO C name<$name>\n";
4612				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4613
4614			} elsif ($stat !~ /(?:
4615				\n.}\s*$|
4616				^.DEFINE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4617				^.DECLARE_$Ident\(\Q$name\E\)|
4618				^.LIST_HEAD\(\Q$name\E\)|
4619				^.(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*\(\s*\*\s*\Q$name\E\s*\)\s*\(|
4620				\b\Q$name\E(?:\s+$Attribute)*\s*(?:;|=|\[|\()
4621			    )/x) {
4622#print "FOO A<$lines[$realline_next - 1]> stat<$stat> name<$name>\n";
4623				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 2;
4624			} else {
4625				$suppress_export{$realline_next} = 1;
4626			}
4627		}
4628		if (!defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4629		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*$/ &&
4630		    ($line =~ /EXPORT_SYMBOL.*\((.*)\)/)) {
4631#print "FOO B <$lines[$linenr - 1]>\n";
4632			$suppress_export{$linenr} = 2;
4633		}
4634		if (defined $suppress_export{$linenr} &&
4635		    $suppress_export{$linenr} == 2) {
4636			WARN("EXPORT_SYMBOL",
4637			     "EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo); should immediately follow its function/variable\n" . $herecurr);
4638		}
4639
4640# check for global initialisers.
4641		if ($line =~ /^\+$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*\s*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/ &&
4642		    !exclude_global_initialisers($realfile)) {
4643			if (ERROR("GLOBAL_INITIALISERS",
4644				  "do not initialise globals to $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
4645			    $fix) {
4646				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.$Type\s*$Ident(?:\s+$Modifier)*)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4647			}
4648		}
4649# check for static initialisers.
4650		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\bstatic\s.*=\s*($zero_initializer)\s*;/) {
4651			if (ERROR("INITIALISED_STATIC",
4652				  "do not initialise statics to $1\n" .
4653				      $herecurr) &&
4654			    $fix) {
4655				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s.*?)\s*=\s*$zero_initializer\s*;/$1;/;
4656			}
4657		}
4658
4659# check for misordered declarations of char/short/int/long with signed/unsigned
4660		while ($sline =~ m{(\b$TypeMisordered\b)}g) {
4661			my $tmp = trim($1);
4662			WARN("MISORDERED_TYPE",
4663			     "type '$tmp' should be specified in [[un]signed] [short|int|long|long long] order\n" . $herecurr);
4664		}
4665
4666# check for unnecessary <signed> int declarations of short/long/long long
4667		while ($sline =~ m{\b($TypeMisordered(\s*\*)*|$C90_int_types)\b}g) {
4668			my $type = trim($1);
4669			next if ($type !~ /\bint\b/);
4670			next if ($type !~ /\b(?:short|long\s+long|long)\b/);
4671			my $new_type = $type;
4672			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*int\s*\b/ /;
4673			$new_type =~ s/\b\s*(?:un)?signed\b\s*/ /;
4674			$new_type =~ s/^const\s+//;
4675			$new_type = "unsigned $new_type" if ($type =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
4676			$new_type = "const $new_type" if ($type =~ /^const\b/);
4677			$new_type =~ s/\s+/ /g;
4678			$new_type = trim($new_type);
4679			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_INT",
4680				 "Prefer '$new_type' over '$type' as the int is unnecessary\n" . $herecurr) &&
4681			    $fix) {
4682				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$type\E\b/$new_type/;
4683			}
4684		}
4685
4686# check for static const char * arrays.
4687		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+const\s+char\s*\*\s*(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*/) {
4688			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4689			     "static const char * array should probably be static const char * const\n" .
4690				$herecurr);
4691		}
4692
4693# check for initialized const char arrays that should be static const
4694		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*const\s+(char|unsigned\s+char|_*u8|(?:[us]_)?int8_t)\s+\w+\s*\[\s*(?:\w+\s*)?\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4695			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4696				 "const array should probably be static const\n" . $herecurr) &&
4697			    $fix) {
4698				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^.\s*)const\b/${1}static const/;
4699			}
4700		}
4701
4702# check for static char foo[] = "bar" declarations.
4703		if ($line =~ /\bstatic\s+char\s+(\w+)\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*"/) {
4704			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4705			     "static char array declaration should probably be static const char\n" .
4706				$herecurr);
4707		}
4708
4709# check for const <foo> const where <foo> is not a pointer or array type
4710		if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4711			my $found = $1;
4712			if ($sline =~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\b\s*\*/) {
4713				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4714				     "'const $found const *' should probably be 'const $found * const'\n" . $herecurr);
4715			} elsif ($sline !~ /\bconst\s+\Q$found\E\s+const\s+\w+\s*\[/) {
4716				WARN("CONST_CONST",
4717				     "'const $found const' should probably be 'const $found'\n" . $herecurr);
4718			}
4719		}
4720
4721# check for const static or static <non ptr type> const declarations
4722# prefer 'static const <foo>' over 'const static <foo>' and 'static <foo> const'
4723		if ($sline =~ /^\+\s*const\s+static\s+($Type)\b/ ||
4724		    $sline =~ /^\+\s*static\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/) {
4725			if (WARN("STATIC_CONST",
4726				 "Move const after static - use 'static const $1'\n" . $herecurr) &&
4727			    $fix) {
4728				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bconst\s+static\b/static const/;
4729				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bstatic\s+($BasicType)\s+const\b/static const $1/;
4730			}
4731		}
4732
4733# check for non-global char *foo[] = {"bar", ...} declarations.
4734		if ($line =~ /^.\s+(?:static\s+|const\s+)?char\s+\*\s*\w+\s*\[\s*\]\s*=\s*\{/) {
4735			WARN("STATIC_CONST_CHAR_ARRAY",
4736			     "char * array declaration might be better as static const\n" .
4737				$herecurr);
4738		}
4739
4740# check for sizeof(foo)/sizeof(foo[0]) that could be ARRAY_SIZE(foo)
4741		if ($line =~ m@\bsizeof\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)@) {
4742			my $array = $1;
4743			if ($line =~ m@\b(sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\)\s*/\s*sizeof\s*\(\s*\Q$array\E\s*\[\s*0\s*\]\s*\))@) {
4744				my $array_div = $1;
4745				if (WARN("ARRAY_SIZE",
4746					 "Prefer ARRAY_SIZE($array)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4747				    $fix) {
4748					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$array_div\E/ARRAY_SIZE($array)/;
4749				}
4750			}
4751		}
4752
4753# check for function declarations without arguments like "int foo()"
4754		if ($line =~ /(\b$Type\s*$Ident)\s*\(\s*\)/) {
4755			if (ERROR("FUNCTION_WITHOUT_ARGS",
4756				  "Bad function definition - $1() should probably be $1(void)\n" . $herecurr) &&
4757			    $fix) {
4758				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\b($Type)\s+($Ident))\s*\(\s*\)/$2 $3(void)/;
4759			}
4760		}
4761
4762# check for new typedefs, only function parameters and sparse annotations
4763# make sense.
4764		if ($line =~ /\btypedef\s/ &&
4765		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s*\(\s*\*?$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/ &&
4766		    $line !~ /\btypedef\s+$Type\s+$Ident\s*\(/ &&
4767		    $line !~ /\b$typeTypedefs\b/ &&
4768		    $line !~ /\b__bitwise\b/) {
4769			WARN("NEW_TYPEDEFS",
4770			     "do not add new typedefs\n" . $herecurr);
4771		}
4772
4773# * goes on variable not on type
4774		# (char*[ const])
4775		while ($line =~ m{(\($NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)\))}g) {
4776			#print "AA<$1>\n";
4777			my ($ident, $from, $to) = ($1, $2, $2);
4778
4779			# Should start with a space.
4780			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4781			# Should not end with a space.
4782			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4783			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4784			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4785			}
4786
4787##			print "1: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4788			if ($from ne $to) {
4789				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4790					  "\"(foo$from)\" should be \"(foo$to)\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4791				    $fix) {
4792					my $sub_from = $ident;
4793					my $sub_to = $ident;
4794					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4795					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4796					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4797				}
4798			}
4799		}
4800		while ($line =~ m{(\b$NonptrType(\s*(?:$Modifier\b\s*|\*\s*)+)($Ident))}g) {
4801			#print "BB<$1>\n";
4802			my ($match, $from, $to, $ident) = ($1, $2, $2, $3);
4803
4804			# Should start with a space.
4805			$to =~ s/^(\S)/ $1/;
4806			# Should not end with a space.
4807			$to =~ s/\s+$//;
4808			# '*'s should not have spaces between.
4809			while ($to =~ s/\*\s+\*/\*\*/) {
4810			}
4811			# Modifiers should have spaces.
4812			$to =~ s/(\b$Modifier$)/$1 /;
4813
4814##			print "2: from<$from> to<$to> ident<$ident>\n";
4815			if ($from ne $to && $ident !~ /^$Modifier$/) {
4816				if (ERROR("POINTER_LOCATION",
4817					  "\"foo${from}bar\" should be \"foo${to}bar\"\n" .  $herecurr) &&
4818				    $fix) {
4819
4820					my $sub_from = $match;
4821					my $sub_to = $match;
4822					$sub_to =~ s/\Q$from\E/$to/;
4823					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4824					    s@\Q$sub_from\E@$sub_to@;
4825				}
4826			}
4827		}
4828
4829# do not use BUG() or variants
4830		if ($line =~ /\b(?!AA_|BUILD_|DCCP_|IDA_|KVM_|RWLOCK_|snd_|SPIN_)(?:[a-zA-Z_]*_)?BUG(?:_ON)?(?:_[A-Z_]+)?\s*\(/) {
4831			my $msg_level = \&WARN;
4832			$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
4833			&{$msg_level}("AVOID_BUG",
4834				      "Do not crash the kernel unless it is absolutely unavoidable--use WARN_ON_ONCE() plus recovery code (if feasible) instead of BUG() or variants\n" . $herecurr);
4835		}
4836
4837# avoid LINUX_VERSION_CODE
4838		if ($line =~ /\bLINUX_VERSION_CODE\b/) {
4839			WARN("LINUX_VERSION_CODE",
4840			     "LINUX_VERSION_CODE should be avoided, code should be for the version to which it is merged\n" . $herecurr);
4841		}
4842
4843# check for uses of printk_ratelimit
4844		if ($line =~ /\bprintk_ratelimit\s*\(/) {
4845			WARN("PRINTK_RATELIMITED",
4846			     "Prefer printk_ratelimited or pr_<level>_ratelimited to printk_ratelimit\n" . $herecurr);
4847		}
4848
4849# printk should use KERN_* levels
4850		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*(?!KERN_[A-Z]+\b)/) {
4851			WARN("PRINTK_WITHOUT_KERN_LEVEL",
4852			     "printk() should include KERN_<LEVEL> facility level\n" . $herecurr);
4853		}
4854
4855# prefer variants of (subsystem|netdev|dev|pr)_<level> to printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4856		if ($line =~ /\b(printk(_once|_ratelimited)?)\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4857			my $printk = $1;
4858			my $modifier = $2;
4859			my $orig = $3;
4860			$modifier = "" if (!defined($modifier));
4861			my $level = lc($orig);
4862			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4863			my $level2 = $level;
4864			$level2 = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4865			$level .= $modifier;
4866			$level2 .= $modifier;
4867			WARN("PREFER_PR_LEVEL",
4868			     "Prefer [subsystem eg: netdev]_$level2([subsystem]dev, ... then dev_$level2(dev, ... then pr_$level(...  to $printk(KERN_$orig ...\n" . $herecurr);
4869		}
4870
4871# prefer dev_<level> to dev_printk(KERN_<LEVEL>
4872		if ($line =~ /\bdev_printk\s*\(\s*KERN_([A-Z]+)/) {
4873			my $orig = $1;
4874			my $level = lc($orig);
4875			$level = "warn" if ($level eq "warning");
4876			$level = "dbg" if ($level eq "debug");
4877			WARN("PREFER_DEV_LEVEL",
4878			     "Prefer dev_$level(... to dev_printk(KERN_$orig, ...\n" . $herecurr);
4879		}
4880
4881# trace_printk should not be used in production code.
4882		if ($line =~ /\b(trace_printk|trace_puts|ftrace_vprintk)\s*\(/) {
4883			WARN("TRACE_PRINTK",
4884			     "Do not use $1() in production code (this can be ignored if built only with a debug config option)\n" . $herecurr);
4885		}
4886
4887# ENOSYS means "bad syscall nr" and nothing else.  This will have a small
4888# number of false positives, but assembly files are not checked, so at
4889# least the arch entry code will not trigger this warning.
4890		if ($line =~ /\bENOSYS\b/) {
4891			WARN("ENOSYS",
4892			     "ENOSYS means 'invalid syscall nr' and nothing else\n" . $herecurr);
4893		}
4894
4895# ENOTSUPP is not a standard error code and should be avoided in new patches.
4896# Folks usually mean EOPNOTSUPP (also called ENOTSUP), when they type ENOTSUPP.
4897# Similarly to ENOSYS warning a small number of false positives is expected.
4898		if (!$file && $line =~ /\bENOTSUPP\b/) {
4899			if (WARN("ENOTSUPP",
4900				 "ENOTSUPP is not a SUSV4 error code, prefer EOPNOTSUPP\n" . $herecurr) &&
4901			    $fix) {
4902				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bENOTSUPP\b/EOPNOTSUPP/;
4903			}
4904		}
4905
4906# function brace can't be on same line, except for #defines of do while,
4907# or if closed on same line
4908		if ($perl_version_ok &&
4909		    $sline =~ /$Type\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*\{/ &&
4910		    $sline !~ /\#\s*define\b.*do\s*\{/ &&
4911		    $sline !~ /}/) {
4912			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4913				  "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herecurr) &&
4914			    $fix) {
4915				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4916				my $fixed_line = $rawline;
4917				$fixed_line =~ /(^..*$Type\s*$Ident\(.*\)\s*)\{(.*)$/;
4918				my $line1 = $1;
4919				my $line2 = $2;
4920				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, ltrim($line1));
4921				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+{");
4922				if ($line2 !~ /^\s*$/) {
4923					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "\+\t" . trim($line2));
4924				}
4925			}
4926		}
4927
4928# open braces for enum, union and struct go on the same line.
4929		if ($line =~ /^.\s*{/ &&
4930		    $prevline =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident)?\s*$/) {
4931			if (ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
4932				  "open brace '{' following $1 go on the same line\n" . $hereprev) &&
4933			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
4934				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
4935				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
4936				my $fixedline = rtrim($prevrawline) . " {";
4937				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4938				$fixedline = $rawline;
4939				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)\{\s*/$1\t/;
4940				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
4941					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
4942				}
4943			}
4944		}
4945
4946# missing space after union, struct or enum definition
4947		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2}[=\{]/) {
4948			if (WARN("SPACING",
4949				 "missing space after $1 definition\n" . $herecurr) &&
4950			    $fix) {
4951				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
4952				    s/^(.\s*(?:typedef\s+)?(?:enum|union|struct)(?:\s+$Ident){1,2})([=\{])/$1 $2/;
4953			}
4954		}
4955
4956# Function pointer declarations
4957# check spacing between type, funcptr, and args
4958# canonical declaration is "type (*funcptr)(args...)"
4959		if ($line =~ /^.\s*($Declare)\((\s*)\*(\s*)($Ident)(\s*)\)(\s*)\(/) {
4960			my $declare = $1;
4961			my $pre_pointer_space = $2;
4962			my $post_pointer_space = $3;
4963			my $funcname = $4;
4964			my $post_funcname_space = $5;
4965			my $pre_args_space = $6;
4966
4967# the $Declare variable will capture all spaces after the type
4968# so check it for a missing trailing missing space but pointer return types
4969# don't need a space so don't warn for those.
4970			my $post_declare_space = "";
4971			if ($declare =~ /(\s+)$/) {
4972				$post_declare_space = $1;
4973				$declare = rtrim($declare);
4974			}
4975			if ($declare !~ /\*$/ && $post_declare_space =~ /^$/) {
4976				WARN("SPACING",
4977				     "missing space after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4978				$post_declare_space = " ";
4979			}
4980
4981# unnecessary space "type  (*funcptr)(args...)"
4982# This test is not currently implemented because these declarations are
4983# equivalent to
4984#	int  foo(int bar, ...)
4985# and this is form shouldn't/doesn't generate a checkpatch warning.
4986#
4987#			elsif ($declare =~ /\s{2,}$/) {
4988#				WARN("SPACING",
4989#				     "Multiple spaces after return type\n" . $herecurr);
4990#			}
4991
4992# unnecessary space "type ( *funcptr)(args...)"
4993			if (defined $pre_pointer_space &&
4994			    $pre_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
4995				WARN("SPACING",
4996				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer open parenthesis\n" . $herecurr);
4997			}
4998
4999# unnecessary space "type (* funcptr)(args...)"
5000			if (defined $post_pointer_space &&
5001			    $post_pointer_space =~ /^\s/) {
5002				WARN("SPACING",
5003				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
5004			}
5005
5006# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr )(args...)"
5007			if (defined $post_funcname_space &&
5008			    $post_funcname_space =~ /^\s/) {
5009				WARN("SPACING",
5010				     "Unnecessary space after function pointer name\n" . $herecurr);
5011			}
5012
5013# unnecessary space "type (*funcptr) (args...)"
5014			if (defined $pre_args_space &&
5015			    $pre_args_space =~ /^\s/) {
5016				WARN("SPACING",
5017				     "Unnecessary space before function pointer arguments\n" . $herecurr);
5018			}
5019
5020			if (show_type("SPACING") && $fix) {
5021				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5022				    s/^(.\s*)$Declare\s*\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\)\s*\(/$1 . $declare . $post_declare_space . '(*' . $funcname . ')('/ex;
5023			}
5024		}
5025
5026# check for spacing round square brackets; allowed:
5027#  1. with a type on the left -- int [] a;
5028#  2. at the beginning of a line for slice initialisers -- [0...10] = 5,
5029#  3. inside a curly brace -- = { [0...10] = 5 }
5030		while ($line =~ /(.*?\s)\[/g) {
5031			my ($where, $prefix) = ($-[1], $1);
5032			if ($prefix !~ /$Type\s+$/ &&
5033			    ($where != 0 || $prefix !~ /^.\s+$/) &&
5034			    $prefix !~ /[{,:]\s+$/) {
5035				if (ERROR("BRACKET_SPACE",
5036					  "space prohibited before open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
5037				    $fix) {
5038				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5039					s/^(\+.*?)\s+\[/$1\[/;
5040				}
5041			}
5042		}
5043
5044# check for spaces between functions and their parentheses.
5045		while ($line =~ /($Ident)\s+\(/g) {
5046			my $name = $1;
5047			my $ctx_before = substr($line, 0, $-[1]);
5048			my $ctx = "$ctx_before$name";
5049
5050			# Ignore those directives where spaces _are_ permitted.
5051			if ($name =~ /^(?:
5052				if|for|while|switch|return|case|
5053				volatile|__volatile__|
5054				__attribute__|format|__extension__|
5055				asm|__asm__|scoped_guard)$/x)
5056			{
5057			# cpp #define statements have non-optional spaces, ie
5058			# if there is a space between the name and the open
5059			# parenthesis it is simply not a parameter group.
5060			} elsif ($ctx_before =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$/) {
5061
5062			# cpp #elif statement condition may start with a (
5063			} elsif ($ctx =~ /^.\s*\#\s*elif\s*$/) {
5064
5065			# If this whole things ends with a type its most
5066			# likely a typedef for a function.
5067			} elsif ($ctx =~ /$Type$/) {
5068
5069			} else {
5070				if (WARN("SPACING",
5071					 "space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5072					     $fix) {
5073					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5074					    s/\b$name\s+\(/$name\(/;
5075				}
5076			}
5077		}
5078
5079# Check operator spacing.
5080		if (!($line=~/\#\s*include/)) {
5081			my $fixed_line = "";
5082			my $line_fixed = 0;
5083
5084			my $ops = qr{
5085				<<=|>>=|<=|>=|==|!=|
5086				\+=|-=|\*=|\/=|%=|\^=|\|=|&=|
5087				=>|->|<<|>>|<|>|=|!|~|
5088				&&|\|\||,|\^|\+\+|--|&|\||\+|-|\*|\/|%|
5089				\?:|\?|:
5090			}x;
5091			my @elements = split(/($ops|;)/, $opline);
5092
5093##			print("element count: <" . $#elements . ">\n");
5094##			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5095##				print("el: <$el>\n");
5096##			}
5097
5098			my @fix_elements = ();
5099			my $off = 0;
5100
5101			foreach my $el (@elements) {
5102				push(@fix_elements, substr($rawline, $off, length($el)));
5103				$off += length($el);
5104			}
5105
5106			$off = 0;
5107
5108			my $blank = copy_spacing($opline);
5109			my $last_after = -1;
5110
5111			for (my $n = 0; $n < $#elements; $n += 2) {
5112
5113				my $good = $fix_elements[$n] . $fix_elements[$n + 1];
5114
5115##				print("n: <$n> good: <$good>\n");
5116
5117				$off += length($elements[$n]);
5118
5119				# Pick up the preceding and succeeding characters.
5120				my $ca = substr($opline, 0, $off);
5121				my $cc = '';
5122				if (length($opline) >= ($off + length($elements[$n + 1]))) {
5123					$cc = substr($opline, $off + length($elements[$n + 1]));
5124				}
5125				my $cb = "$ca$;$cc";
5126
5127				my $a = '';
5128				$a = 'V' if ($elements[$n] ne '');
5129				$a = 'W' if ($elements[$n] =~ /\s$/);
5130				$a = 'C' if ($elements[$n] =~ /$;$/);
5131				$a = 'B' if ($elements[$n] =~ /(\[|\()$/);
5132				$a = 'O' if ($elements[$n] eq '');
5133				$a = 'E' if ($ca =~ /^\s*$/);
5134
5135				my $op = $elements[$n + 1];
5136
5137				my $c = '';
5138				if (defined $elements[$n + 2]) {
5139					$c = 'V' if ($elements[$n + 2] ne '');
5140					$c = 'W' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s/);
5141					$c = 'C' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^$;/);
5142					$c = 'B' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^(\)|\]|;)/);
5143					$c = 'O' if ($elements[$n + 2] eq '');
5144					$c = 'E' if ($elements[$n + 2] =~ /^\s*\\$/);
5145				} else {
5146					$c = 'E';
5147				}
5148
5149				my $ctx = "${a}x${c}";
5150
5151				my $at = "(ctx:$ctx)";
5152
5153				my $ptr = substr($blank, 0, $off) . "^";
5154				my $hereptr = "$hereline$ptr\n";
5155
5156				# Pull out the value of this operator.
5157				my $op_type = substr($curr_values, $off + 1, 1);
5158
5159				# Get the full operator variant.
5160				my $opv = $op . substr($curr_vars, $off, 1);
5161
5162				# Ignore operators passed as parameters.
5163				if ($op_type ne 'V' &&
5164				    $ca =~ /\s$/ && $cc =~ /^\s*[,\)]/) {
5165
5166#				# Ignore comments
5167#				} elsif ($op =~ /^$;+$/) {
5168
5169				# ; should have either the end of line or a space or \ after it
5170				} elsif ($op eq ';') {
5171					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEBC]/ &&
5172					    $cc !~ /^\\/ && $cc !~ /^;/) {
5173						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5174							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5175							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5176							$line_fixed = 1;
5177						}
5178					}
5179
5180				# // is a comment
5181				} elsif ($op eq '//') {
5182
5183				#   :   when part of a bitfield
5184				} elsif ($opv eq ':B') {
5185					# skip the bitfield test for now
5186
5187				# No spaces for:
5188				#   ->
5189				} elsif ($op eq '->') {
5190					if ($ctx =~ /Wx.|.xW/) {
5191						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5192							  "spaces prohibited around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5193							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5194							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5195								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5196							}
5197							$line_fixed = 1;
5198						}
5199					}
5200
5201				# , must not have a space before and must have a space on the right.
5202				} elsif ($op eq ',') {
5203					my $rtrim_before = 0;
5204					my $space_after = 0;
5205					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./) {
5206						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5207							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5208							$line_fixed = 1;
5209							$rtrim_before = 1;
5210						}
5211					}
5212					if ($ctx !~ /.x[WEC]/ && $cc !~ /^}/) {
5213						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5214							  "space required after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5215							$line_fixed = 1;
5216							$last_after = $n;
5217							$space_after = 1;
5218						}
5219					}
5220					if ($rtrim_before || $space_after) {
5221						if ($rtrim_before) {
5222							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5223						} else {
5224							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5225						}
5226						if ($space_after) {
5227							$good .= " ";
5228						}
5229					}
5230
5231				# '*' as part of a type definition -- reported already.
5232				} elsif ($opv eq '*_') {
5233					#warn "'*' is part of type\n";
5234
5235				# unary operators should have a space before and
5236				# none after.  May be left adjacent to another
5237				# unary operator, or a cast
5238				} elsif ($op eq '!' || $op eq '~' ||
5239					 $opv eq '*U' || $opv eq '-U' ||
5240					 $opv eq '&U' || $opv eq '&&U') {
5241					if ($ctx !~ /[WEBC]x./ && $ca !~ /(?:\)|!|~|\*|-|\&|\||\+\+|\-\-|\{)$/) {
5242						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5243							  "space required before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5244							if ($n != $last_after + 2) {
5245								$good = $fix_elements[$n] . " " . ltrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5246								$line_fixed = 1;
5247							}
5248						}
5249					}
5250					if ($op eq '*' && $cc =~/\s*$Modifier\b/) {
5251						# A unary '*' may be const
5252
5253					} elsif ($ctx =~ /.xW/) {
5254						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5255							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5256							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . rtrim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5257							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5258								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5259							}
5260							$line_fixed = 1;
5261						}
5262					}
5263
5264				# unary ++ and unary -- are allowed no space on one side.
5265				} elsif ($op eq '++' or $op eq '--') {
5266					if ($ctx !~ /[WEOBC]x[^W]/ && $ctx !~ /[^W]x[WOBEC]/) {
5267						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5268							  "space required one side of that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5269							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5270							$line_fixed = 1;
5271						}
5272					}
5273					if ($ctx =~ /Wx[BE]/ ||
5274					    ($ctx =~ /Wx./ && $cc =~ /^;/)) {
5275						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5276							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5277							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5278							$line_fixed = 1;
5279						}
5280					}
5281					if ($ctx =~ /ExW/) {
5282						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5283							  "space prohibited after that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5284							$good = $fix_elements[$n] . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5285							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5286								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5287							}
5288							$line_fixed = 1;
5289						}
5290					}
5291
5292				# << and >> may either have or not have spaces both sides
5293				} elsif ($op eq '<<' or $op eq '>>' or
5294					 $op eq '&' or $op eq '^' or $op eq '|' or
5295					 $op eq '+' or $op eq '-' or
5296					 $op eq '*' or $op eq '/' or
5297					 $op eq '%')
5298				{
5299					if ($check) {
5300						if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /[EW]x[EW]/) {
5301							if (CHK("SPACING",
5302								"spaces preferred around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5303								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5304								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5305								$line_fixed = 1;
5306							}
5307						} elsif (!defined $fix_elements[$n + 2] && $ctx !~ /Wx[OE]/) {
5308							if (CHK("SPACING",
5309								"space preferred before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5310								$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5311								$line_fixed = 1;
5312							}
5313						}
5314					} elsif ($ctx =~ /Wx[^WCE]|[^WCE]xW/) {
5315						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5316							  "need consistent spacing around '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5317							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5318							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5319								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5320							}
5321							$line_fixed = 1;
5322						}
5323					}
5324
5325				# A colon needs no spaces before when it is
5326				# terminating a case value or a label.
5327				} elsif ($opv eq ':C' || $opv eq ':L') {
5328					if ($ctx =~ /Wx./ and $realfile !~ m@.*\.lds\.h$@) {
5329						if (ERROR("SPACING",
5330							  "space prohibited before that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5331							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]);
5332							$line_fixed = 1;
5333						}
5334					}
5335
5336				# All the others need spaces both sides.
5337				} elsif ($ctx !~ /[EWC]x[CWE]/) {
5338					my $ok = 0;
5339
5340					# Ignore email addresses <foo@bar>
5341					if (($op eq '<' &&
5342					     $cc =~ /^\S+\@\S+>/) ||
5343					    ($op eq '>' &&
5344					     $ca =~ /<\S+\@\S+$/))
5345					{
5346						$ok = 1;
5347					}
5348
5349					# for asm volatile statements
5350					# ignore a colon with another
5351					# colon immediately before or after
5352					if (($op eq ':') &&
5353					    ($ca =~ /:$/ || $cc =~ /^:/)) {
5354						$ok = 1;
5355					}
5356
5357					# messages are ERROR, but ?: are CHK
5358					if ($ok == 0) {
5359						my $msg_level = \&ERROR;
5360						$msg_level = \&CHK if (($op eq '?:' || $op eq '?' || $op eq ':') && $ctx =~ /VxV/);
5361
5362						if (&{$msg_level}("SPACING",
5363								  "spaces required around that '$op' $at\n" . $hereptr)) {
5364							$good = rtrim($fix_elements[$n]) . " " . trim($fix_elements[$n + 1]) . " ";
5365							if (defined $fix_elements[$n + 2]) {
5366								$fix_elements[$n + 2] =~ s/^\s+//;
5367							}
5368							$line_fixed = 1;
5369						}
5370					}
5371				}
5372				$off += length($elements[$n + 1]);
5373
5374##				print("n: <$n> GOOD: <$good>\n");
5375
5376				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $good;
5377			}
5378
5379			if (($#elements % 2) == 0) {
5380				$fixed_line = $fixed_line . $fix_elements[$#elements];
5381			}
5382
5383			if ($fix && $line_fixed && $fixed_line ne $fixed[$fixlinenr]) {
5384				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = $fixed_line;
5385			}
5386
5387
5388		}
5389
5390# check for whitespace before a non-naked semicolon
5391		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\S\s+;\s*$/) {
5392			if (WARN("SPACING",
5393				 "space prohibited before semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
5394			    $fix) {
5395				1 while $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5396				    s/^(\+.*\S)\s+;/$1;/;
5397			}
5398		}
5399
5400# check for multiple assignments
5401		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Lval\s*=\s*$Lval\s*=(?!=)/) {
5402			CHK("MULTIPLE_ASSIGNMENTS",
5403			    "multiple assignments should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5404		}
5405
5406## # check for multiple declarations, allowing for a function declaration
5407## # continuation.
5408## 		if ($line =~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Ident.*/ &&
5409## 		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=[^,{]*)?\s*,\s*$Type\s*$Ident.*/) {
5410##
5411## 			# Remove any bracketed sections to ensure we do not
5412## 			# falsely report the parameters of functions.
5413## 			my $ln = $line;
5414## 			while ($ln =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)//g) {
5415## 			}
5416## 			if ($ln =~ /,/) {
5417## 				WARN("MULTIPLE_DECLARATION",
5418##				     "declaring multiple variables together should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
5419## 			}
5420## 		}
5421
5422#need space before brace following if, while, etc
5423		if (($line =~ /\(.*\)\{/ && $line !~ /\($Type\)\{/) ||
5424		    $line =~ /\b(?:else|do)\{/) {
5425			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5426				  "space required before the open brace '{'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5427			    $fix) {
5428				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*(?:do|else|\)))\{/$1 {/;
5429			}
5430		}
5431
5432## # check for blank lines before declarations
5433##		if ($line =~ /^.\t+$Type\s+$Ident(?:\s*=.*)?;/ &&
5434##		    $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/) {
5435##			WARN("SPACING",
5436##			     "No blank lines before declarations\n" . $hereprev);
5437##		}
5438##
5439
5440# closing brace should have a space following it when it has anything
5441# on the line
5442		if ($line =~ /}(?!(?:,|;|\)|\}))\S/) {
5443			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5444				  "space required after that close brace '}'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5445			    $fix) {
5446				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5447				    s/}((?!(?:,|;|\)))\S)/} $1/;
5448			}
5449		}
5450
5451# check spacing on square brackets
5452		if ($line =~ /\[\s/ && $line !~ /\[\s*$/) {
5453			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5454				  "space prohibited after that open square bracket '['\n" . $herecurr) &&
5455			    $fix) {
5456				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5457				    s/\[\s+/\[/;
5458			}
5459		}
5460		if ($line =~ /\s\]/) {
5461			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5462				  "space prohibited before that close square bracket ']'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5463			    $fix) {
5464				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5465				    s/\s+\]/\]/;
5466			}
5467		}
5468
5469# check spacing on parentheses
5470		if ($line =~ /\(\s/ && $line !~ /\(\s*(?:\\)?$/ &&
5471		    $line !~ /for\s*\(\s+;/) {
5472			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5473				  "space prohibited after that open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5474			    $fix) {
5475				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5476				    s/\(\s+/\(/;
5477			}
5478		}
5479		if ($line =~ /(\s+)\)/ && $line !~ /^.\s*\)/ &&
5480		    $line !~ /for\s*\(.*;\s+\)/ &&
5481		    $line !~ /:\s+\)/) {
5482			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5483				  "space prohibited before that close parenthesis ')'\n" . $herecurr) &&
5484			    $fix) {
5485				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5486				    s/\s+\)/\)/;
5487			}
5488		}
5489
5490# check unnecessary parentheses around addressof/dereference single $Lvals
5491# ie: &(foo->bar) should be &foo->bar and *(foo->bar) should be *foo->bar
5492
5493		while ($line =~ /(?:[^&]&\s*|\*)\(\s*($Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+)\s*\)/g) {
5494			my $var = $1;
5495			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5496				"Unnecessary parentheses around $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5497			    $fix) {
5498				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$var\E\s*\)/$var/;
5499			}
5500		}
5501
5502# check for unnecessary parentheses around function pointer uses
5503# ie: (foo->bar)(); should be foo->bar();
5504# but not "if (foo->bar) (" to avoid some false positives
5505		if ($line =~ /(\bif\s*|)(\(\s*$Ident\s*(?:$Member\s*)+\))[ \t]*\(/ && $1 !~ /^if/) {
5506			my $var = $2;
5507			if (CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5508				"Unnecessary parentheses around function pointer $var\n" . $herecurr) &&
5509			    $fix) {
5510				my $var2 = deparenthesize($var);
5511				$var2 =~ s/\s//g;
5512				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$var\E/$var2/;
5513			}
5514		}
5515
5516# check for unnecessary parentheses around comparisons in if uses
5517# when !drivers/staging or command-line uses --strict
5518		if (($realfile !~ m@^(?:drivers/staging/)@ || $check_orig) &&
5519		    $perl_version_ok && defined($stat) &&
5520		    $stat =~ /(^.\s*if\s*($balanced_parens))/) {
5521			my $if_stat = $1;
5522			my $test = substr($2, 1, -1);
5523			my $herectx;
5524			while ($test =~ /(?:^|[^\w\&\!\~])+\s*\(\s*([\&\!\~]?\s*$Lval\s*(?:$Compare\s*$FuncArg)?)\s*\)/g) {
5525				my $match = $1;
5526				# avoid parentheses around potential macro args
5527				next if ($match =~ /^\s*\w+\s*$/);
5528				if (!defined($herectx)) {
5529					$herectx = $here . "\n";
5530					my $cnt = statement_rawlines($if_stat);
5531					for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
5532						my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
5533						$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
5534						last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
5535					}
5536				}
5537				CHK("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5538				    "Unnecessary parentheses around '$match'\n" . $herectx);
5539			}
5540		}
5541
5542# check that goto labels aren't indented (allow a single space indentation)
5543# and ignore bitfield definitions like foo:1
5544# Strictly, labels can have whitespace after the identifier and before the :
5545# but this is not allowed here as many ?: uses would appear to be labels
5546		if ($sline =~ /^.\s+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z\d_]*:(?!\s*\d+)/ &&
5547		    $sline !~ /^. [A-Za-z\d_][A-Za-z\d_]*:/ &&
5548		    $sline !~ /^.\s+default:/) {
5549			if (WARN("INDENTED_LABEL",
5550				 "labels should not be indented\n" . $herecurr) &&
5551			    $fix) {
5552				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5553				    s/^(.)\s+/$1/;
5554			}
5555		}
5556
5557# check if a statement with a comma should be two statements like:
5558#	foo = bar(),	/* comma should be semicolon */
5559#	bar = baz();
5560		if (defined($stat) &&
5561		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*,\s*(?:$Lval\s*$Assignment\s*)?$FuncArg\s*;\s*$/) {
5562			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
5563			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
5564			WARN("SUSPECT_COMMA_SEMICOLON",
5565			     "Possible comma where semicolon could be used\n" . $herectx);
5566		}
5567
5568# return is not a function
5569		if (defined($stat) && $stat =~ /^.\s*return(\s*)\(/s) {
5570			my $spacing = $1;
5571			if ($perl_version_ok &&
5572			    $stat =~ /^.\s*return\s*($balanced_parens)\s*;\s*$/) {
5573				my $value = $1;
5574				$value = deparenthesize($value);
5575				if ($value =~ m/^\s*$FuncArg\s*(?:\?|$)/) {
5576					ERROR("RETURN_PARENTHESES",
5577					      "return is not a function, parentheses are not required\n" . $herecurr);
5578				}
5579			} elsif ($spacing !~ /\s+/) {
5580				ERROR("SPACING",
5581				      "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr);
5582			}
5583		}
5584
5585# unnecessary return in a void function
5586# at end-of-function, with the previous line a single leading tab, then return;
5587# and the line before that not a goto label target like "out:"
5588		if ($sline =~ /^[ \+]}\s*$/ &&
5589		    $prevline =~ /^\+\treturn\s*;\s*$/ &&
5590		    $linenr >= 3 &&
5591		    $lines[$linenr - 3] =~ /^[ +]/ &&
5592		    $lines[$linenr - 3] !~ /^[ +]\s*$Ident\s*:/) {
5593			WARN("RETURN_VOID",
5594			     "void function return statements are not generally useful\n" . $hereprev);
5595		}
5596
5597# if statements using unnecessary parentheses - ie: if ((foo == bar))
5598		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5599		    $line =~ /\bif\s*((?:\(\s*){2,})/) {
5600			my $openparens = $1;
5601			my $count = $openparens =~ tr@\(@\(@;
5602			my $msg = "";
5603			if ($line =~ /\bif\s*(?:\(\s*){$count,$count}$LvalOrFunc\s*($Compare)\s*$LvalOrFunc(?:\s*\)){$count,$count}/) {
5604				my $comp = $4;	#Not $1 because of $LvalOrFunc
5605				$msg = " - maybe == should be = ?" if ($comp eq "==");
5606				WARN("UNNECESSARY_PARENTHESES",
5607				     "Unnecessary parentheses$msg\n" . $herecurr);
5608			}
5609		}
5610
5611# comparisons with a constant or upper case identifier on the left
5612#	avoid cases like "foo + BAR < baz"
5613#	only fix matches surrounded by parentheses to avoid incorrect
5614#	conversions like "FOO < baz() + 5" being "misfixed" to "baz() > FOO + 5"
5615		if ($perl_version_ok &&
5616		    $line =~ /^\+(.*)\b($Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)\s*($Compare)\s*($LvalOrFunc)/) {
5617			my $lead = $1;
5618			my $const = $2;
5619			my $comp = $3;
5620			my $to = $4;
5621			my $newcomp = $comp;
5622			if ($lead !~ /(?:$Operators|\.)\s*$/ &&
5623			    $to !~ /^(?:Constant|[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)$/ &&
5624			    WARN("CONSTANT_COMPARISON",
5625				 "Comparisons should place the constant on the right side of the test\n" . $herecurr) &&
5626			    $fix) {
5627				if ($comp eq "<") {
5628					$newcomp = ">";
5629				} elsif ($comp eq "<=") {
5630					$newcomp = ">=";
5631				} elsif ($comp eq ">") {
5632					$newcomp = "<";
5633				} elsif ($comp eq ">=") {
5634					$newcomp = "<=";
5635				}
5636				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(\s*\Q$const\E\s*$Compare\s*\Q$to\E\s*\)/($to $newcomp $const)/;
5637			}
5638		}
5639
5640# Return of what appears to be an errno should normally be negative
5641		if ($sline =~ /\breturn(?:\s*\(+\s*|\s+)(E[A-Z]+)(?:\s*\)+\s*|\s*)[;:,]/) {
5642			my $name = $1;
5643			if ($name ne 'EOF' && $name ne 'ERROR' && $name !~ /^EPOLL/) {
5644				WARN("USE_NEGATIVE_ERRNO",
5645				     "return of an errno should typically be negative (ie: return -$1)\n" . $herecurr);
5646			}
5647		}
5648
5649# Need a space before open parenthesis after if, while etc
5650		if ($line =~ /\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/) {
5651			if (ERROR("SPACING",
5652				  "space required before the open parenthesis '('\n" . $herecurr) &&
5653			    $fix) {
5654				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
5655				    s/\b(if|while|for|switch)\(/$1 \(/;
5656			}
5657		}
5658
5659# Check for illegal assignment in if conditional -- and check for trailing
5660# statements after the conditional.
5661		if ($line =~ /do\s*(?!{)/) {
5662			($stat, $cond, $line_nr_next, $remain_next, $off_next) =
5663				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0)
5664					if (!defined $stat);
5665			my ($stat_next) = ctx_statement_block($line_nr_next,
5666						$remain_next, $off_next);
5667			$stat_next =~ s/\n./\n /g;
5668			##print "stat<$stat> stat_next<$stat_next>\n";
5669
5670			if ($stat_next =~ /^\s*while\b/) {
5671				# If the statement carries leading newlines,
5672				# then count those as offsets.
5673				my ($whitespace) =
5674					($stat_next =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
5675				my $offset =
5676					statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
5677
5678				$suppress_whiletrailers{$line_nr_next +
5679								$offset} = 1;
5680			}
5681		}
5682		if (!defined $suppress_whiletrailers{$linenr} &&
5683		    defined($stat) && defined($cond) &&
5684		    $line =~ /\b(?:if|while|for)\s*\(/ && $line !~ /^.\s*#/) {
5685			my ($s, $c) = ($stat, $cond);
5686			my $fixed_assign_in_if = 0;
5687
5688			if ($c =~ /\bif\s*\(.*[^<>!=]=[^=].*/s) {
5689				if (ERROR("ASSIGN_IN_IF",
5690					  "do not use assignment in if condition\n" . $herecurr) &&
5691				    $fix && $perl_version_ok) {
5692					if ($rawline =~ /^\+(\s+)if\s*\(\s*(\!)?\s*\(\s*(($Lval)\s*=\s*$LvalOrFunc)\s*\)\s*(?:($Compare)\s*($FuncArg))?\s*\)\s*(\{)?\s*$/) {
5693						my $space = $1;
5694						my $not = $2;
5695						my $statement = $3;
5696						my $assigned = $4;
5697						my $test = $8;
5698						my $against = $9;
5699						my $brace = $15;
5700						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5701						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, "$space$statement;");
5702						my $newline = "${space}if (";
5703						$newline .= '!' if defined($not);
5704						$newline .= '(' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5705						$newline .= "$assigned";
5706						$newline .= " $test $against" if (defined($test) && defined($against));
5707						$newline .= ')' if (defined $not && defined($test) && defined($against));
5708						$newline .= ')';
5709						$newline .= " {" if (defined($brace));
5710						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, $newline);
5711						$fixed_assign_in_if = 1;
5712					}
5713				}
5714			}
5715
5716			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5717			# conditional.
5718			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5719			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5720			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5721			if (length($c) && $s !~ /^\s*{?\s*\\*\s*$/ &&
5722			    $c !~ /}\s*while\s*/)
5723			{
5724				# Find out how long the conditional actually is.
5725				my @newlines = ($c =~ /\n/gs);
5726				my $cond_lines = 1 + $#newlines;
5727				my $stat_real = '';
5728
5729				$stat_real = raw_line($linenr, $cond_lines)
5730							. "\n" if ($cond_lines);
5731				if (defined($stat_real) && $cond_lines > 1) {
5732					$stat_real = "[...]\n$stat_real";
5733				}
5734
5735				if (ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5736					  "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr . $stat_real) &&
5737				    !$fixed_assign_in_if &&
5738				    $cond_lines == 0 &&
5739				    $fix && $perl_version_ok &&
5740				    $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ /^\+(\s*)((?:if|while|for)\s*$balanced_parens)\s*(.*)$/) {
5741					my $indent = $1;
5742					my $test = $2;
5743					my $rest = rtrim($4);
5744					if ($rest =~ /;$/) {
5745						$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+$indent$test";
5746						fix_insert_line($fixlinenr + 1, "$indent\t$rest");
5747					}
5748				}
5749			}
5750		}
5751
5752# Check for bitwise tests written as boolean
5753		if ($line =~ /
5754			(?:
5755				(?:\[|\(|\&\&|\|\|)
5756				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5757				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5758			|
5759				(?:\&\&|\|\|)
5760				\s*0[xX][0-9]+\s*
5761				(?:\&\&|\|\||\)|\])
5762			)/x)
5763		{
5764			WARN("HEXADECIMAL_BOOLEAN_TEST",
5765			     "boolean test with hexadecimal, perhaps just 1 \& or \|?\n" . $herecurr);
5766		}
5767
5768# if and else should not have general statements after it
5769		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:}\s*)?else\b(.*)/) {
5770			my $s = $1;
5771			$s =~ s/$;//g;	# Remove any comments
5772			if ($s !~ /^\s*(?:\sif|(?:{|)\s*\\?\s*$)/) {
5773				ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5774				      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5775			}
5776		}
5777# if should not continue a brace
5778		if ($line =~ /}\s*if\b/) {
5779			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5780			      "trailing statements should be on next line (or did you mean 'else if'?)\n" .
5781				$herecurr);
5782		}
5783# case and default should not have general statements after them
5784		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(?:case\s*.*|default\s*):/g &&
5785		    $line !~ /\G(?:
5786			(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*{)?(?:\s*$;*)(?:\s*\\)?\s*$|
5787			\s*return\s+
5788		    )/xg)
5789		{
5790			ERROR("TRAILING_STATEMENTS",
5791			      "trailing statements should be on next line\n" . $herecurr);
5792		}
5793
5794		# Check for }<nl>else {, these must be at the same
5795		# indent level to be relevant to each other.
5796		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*else\s*/ &&
5797		    $previndent == $indent) {
5798			if (ERROR("ELSE_AFTER_BRACE",
5799				  "else should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5800			    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5801				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5802				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5803				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5804				$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$//;
5805				if ($fixedline !~ /^\+\s*$/) {
5806					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5807				}
5808				$fixedline = $rawline;
5809				$fixedline =~ s/^(.\s*)else/$1} else/;
5810				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5811			}
5812		}
5813
5814		if ($prevline=~/}\s*$/ and $line=~/^.\s*while\s*/ &&
5815		    $previndent == $indent) {
5816			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5817
5818			# Find out what is on the end of the line after the
5819			# conditional.
5820			substr($s, 0, length($c), '');
5821			$s =~ s/\n.*//g;
5822
5823			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/) {
5824				if (ERROR("WHILE_AFTER_BRACE",
5825					  "while should follow close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
5826				    $fix && $prevline =~ /^\+/ && $line =~ /^\+/) {
5827					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
5828					fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
5829					my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
5830					my $trailing = $rawline;
5831					$trailing =~ s/^\+//;
5832					$trailing = trim($trailing);
5833					$fixedline =~ s/}\s*$/} $trailing/;
5834					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
5835				}
5836			}
5837		}
5838
5839#Specific variable tests
5840		while ($line =~ m{($Constant|$Lval)}g) {
5841			my $var = $1;
5842
5843#CamelCase
5844			if ($var !~ /^$Constant$/ &&
5845			    $var =~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/ &&
5846#Ignore some autogenerated defines and enum values
5847			    $var !~ /^(?:[A-Z]+_){1,5}[A-Z]{1,3}[a-z]/ &&
5848#Ignore Page<foo> variants
5849			    $var !~ /^(?:Clear|Set|TestClear|TestSet|)Page[A-Z]/ &&
5850#Ignore ETHTOOL_LINK_MODE_<foo> variants
5851			    $var !~ /^ETHTOOL_LINK_MODE_/ &&
5852#Ignore SI style variants like nS, mV and dB
5853#(ie: max_uV, regulator_min_uA_show, RANGE_mA_VALUE)
5854			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z0-9_]*|[A-Z0-9_]*)?_?[a-z][A-Z](?:_[a-z0-9_]+|_[A-Z0-9_]+)?$/ &&
5855#Ignore some three character SI units explicitly, like MiB and KHz
5856			    $var !~ /^(?:[a-z_]*?)_?(?:[KMGT]iB|[KMGT]?Hz)(?:_[a-z_]+)?$/) {
5857				while ($var =~ m{\b($Ident)}g) {
5858					my $word = $1;
5859					next if ($word !~ /[A-Z][a-z]|[a-z][A-Z]/);
5860					if ($check) {
5861						seed_camelcase_includes();
5862						if (!$file && !$camelcase_file_seeded) {
5863							seed_camelcase_file($realfile);
5864							$camelcase_file_seeded = 1;
5865						}
5866					}
5867					if (!defined $camelcase{$word}) {
5868						$camelcase{$word} = 1;
5869						CHK("CAMELCASE",
5870						    "Avoid CamelCase: <$word>\n" . $herecurr);
5871					}
5872				}
5873			}
5874		}
5875
5876#no spaces allowed after \ in define
5877		if ($line =~ /\#\s*define.*\\\s+$/) {
5878			if (WARN("WHITESPACE_AFTER_LINE_CONTINUATION",
5879				 "Whitespace after \\ makes next lines useless\n" . $herecurr) &&
5880			    $fix) {
5881				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+$//;
5882			}
5883		}
5884
5885# warn if <asm/foo.h> is #included and <linux/foo.h> is available and includes
5886# itself <asm/foo.h> (uses RAW line)
5887		if ($tree && $rawline =~ m{^.\s*\#\s*include\s*\<asm\/(.*)\.h\>}) {
5888			my $file = "$1.h";
5889			my $checkfile = "include/linux/$file";
5890			if (-f "$root/$checkfile" &&
5891			    $realfile ne $checkfile &&
5892			    $1 !~ /$allowed_asm_includes/)
5893			{
5894				my $asminclude = `grep -Ec "#include\\s+<asm/$file>" $root/$checkfile`;
5895				if ($asminclude > 0) {
5896					if ($realfile =~ m{^arch/}) {
5897						CHK("ARCH_INCLUDE_LINUX",
5898						    "Consider using #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5899					} else {
5900						WARN("INCLUDE_LINUX",
5901						     "Use #include <linux/$file> instead of <asm/$file>\n" . $herecurr);
5902					}
5903				}
5904			}
5905		}
5906
5907# multi-statement macros should be enclosed in a do while loop, grab the
5908# first statement and ensure its the whole macro if its not enclosed
5909# in a known good container
5910		if ($realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
5911		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s*$Ident(\()?/) {
5912			my $ln = $linenr;
5913			my $cnt = $realcnt;
5914			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
5915			my $ctx = '';
5916			my $has_flow_statement = 0;
5917			my $has_arg_concat = 0;
5918			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
5919				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
5920			$ctx = $dstat;
5921			#print "dstat<$dstat> dcond<$dcond> cnt<$cnt> off<$off>\n";
5922			#print "LINE<$lines[$ln-1]> len<" . length($lines[$ln-1]) . "\n";
5923
5924			$has_flow_statement = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\b(goto|return)\b/);
5925			$has_arg_concat = 1 if ($ctx =~ /\#\#/ && $ctx !~ /\#\#\s*(?:__VA_ARGS__|args)\b/);
5926
5927			$dstat =~ s/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\([^\)]*\))?\s*//;
5928			my $define_args = $1;
5929			my $define_stmt = $dstat;
5930			my @def_args = ();
5931
5932			if (defined $define_args && $define_args ne "") {
5933				$define_args = substr($define_args, 1, length($define_args) - 2);
5934				$define_args =~ s/\s*//g;
5935				$define_args =~ s/\\\+?//g;
5936				@def_args = split(",", $define_args);
5937			}
5938
5939			$dstat =~ s/$;//g;
5940			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
5941			$dstat =~ s/^\s*//s;
5942			$dstat =~ s/\s*$//s;
5943
5944			# Flatten any parentheses and braces
5945			while ($dstat =~ s/\([^\(\)]*\)/1u/ ||
5946			       $dstat =~ s/\{[^\{\}]*\}/1u/ ||
5947			       $dstat =~ s/.\[[^\[\]]*\]/1u/)
5948			{
5949			}
5950
5951			# Flatten any obvious string concatenation.
5952			while ($dstat =~ s/($String)\s*$Ident/$1/ ||
5953			       $dstat =~ s/$Ident\s*($String)/$1/)
5954			{
5955			}
5956
5957			# Make asm volatile uses seem like a generic function
5958			$dstat =~ s/\b_*asm_*\s+_*volatile_*\b/asm_volatile/g;
5959
5960			my $exceptions = qr{
5961				$Declare|
5962				module_param_named|
5963				MODULE_PARM_DESC|
5964				DECLARE_PER_CPU|
5965				DEFINE_PER_CPU|
5966				__typeof__\(|
5967				union|
5968				struct|
5969				\.$Ident\s*=\s*|
5970				^\"|\"$|
5971				^\[
5972			}x;
5973			#print "REST<$rest> dstat<$dstat> ctx<$ctx>\n";
5974
5975			$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
5976			my $stmt_cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
5977			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $stmt_cnt, $here);
5978
5979			if ($dstat ne '' &&
5980			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant),$/ &&			# 10, // foo(),
5981			    $dstat !~ /^(?:$Ident|-?$Constant);$/ &&			# foo();
5982			    $dstat !~ /^[!~-]?(?:$Lval|$Constant)$/ &&		# 10 // foo() // !foo // ~foo // -foo // foo->bar // foo.bar->baz
5983			    $dstat !~ /^'X'$/ && $dstat !~ /^'XX'$/ &&			# character constants
5984			    $dstat !~ /$exceptions/ &&
5985			    $dstat !~ /^\.$Ident\s*=/ &&				# .foo =
5986			    $dstat !~ /^(?:\#\s*$Ident|\#\s*$Constant)\s*$/ &&		# stringification #foo
5987			    $dstat !~ /^case\b/ &&					# case ...
5988			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*$Constant\s*while\s*$Constant;?$/ &&	# do {...} while (...); // do {...} while (...)
5989			    $dstat !~ /^while\s*$Constant\s*$Constant\s*$/ &&		# while (...) {...}
5990			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant$/ &&				# for (...)
5991			    $dstat !~ /^for\s*$Constant\s+(?:$Ident|-?$Constant)$/ &&	# for (...) bar()
5992			    $dstat !~ /^do\s*{/ &&					# do {...
5993			    $dstat !~ /^\(\{/ &&						# ({...
5994			    $ctx !~ /^.\s*#\s*define\s+TRACE_(?:SYSTEM|INCLUDE_FILE|INCLUDE_PATH)\b/)
5995			{
5996				if ($dstat =~ /^\s*if\b/) {
5997					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
5998					      "Macros starting with if should be enclosed by a do - while loop to avoid possible if/else logic defects\n" . "$herectx");
5999				} elsif ($dstat =~ /;/) {
6000					ERROR("MULTISTATEMENT_MACRO_USE_DO_WHILE",
6001					      "Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while loop\n" . "$herectx");
6002				} else {
6003					ERROR("COMPLEX_MACRO",
6004					      "Macros with complex values should be enclosed in parentheses\n" . "$herectx");
6005				}
6006
6007			}
6008
6009			# Make $define_stmt single line, comment-free, etc
6010			my @stmt_array = split('\n', $define_stmt);
6011			my $first = 1;
6012			$define_stmt = "";
6013			foreach my $l (@stmt_array) {
6014				$l =~ s/\\$//;
6015				if ($first) {
6016					$define_stmt = $l;
6017					$first = 0;
6018				} elsif ($l =~ /^[\+ ]/) {
6019					$define_stmt .= substr($l, 1);
6020				}
6021			}
6022			$define_stmt =~ s/$;//g;
6023			$define_stmt =~ s/\s+/ /g;
6024			$define_stmt = trim($define_stmt);
6025
6026# check if any macro arguments are reused (ignore '...' and 'type')
6027			foreach my $arg (@def_args) {
6028			        next if ($arg =~ /\.\.\./);
6029			        next if ($arg =~ /^type$/i);
6030				my $tmp_stmt = $define_stmt;
6031				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b(__must_be_array|offsetof|sizeof|sizeof_field|__stringify|typeof|__typeof__|__builtin\w+|typecheck\s*\(\s*$Type\s*,|\#+)\s*\(*\s*$arg\s*\)*\b//g;
6032				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\#+\s*$arg\b//g;
6033				$tmp_stmt =~ s/\b$arg\s*\#\#//g;
6034				my $use_cnt = () = $tmp_stmt =~ /\b$arg\b/g;
6035				if ($use_cnt > 1) {
6036					CHK("MACRO_ARG_REUSE",
6037					    "Macro argument reuse '$arg' - possible side-effects?\n" . "$herectx");
6038				    }
6039# check if any macro arguments may have other precedence issues
6040				if ($tmp_stmt =~ m/($Operators)?\s*\b$arg\b\s*($Operators)?/m &&
6041				    ((defined($1) && $1 ne ',') ||
6042				     (defined($2) && $2 ne ','))) {
6043					CHK("MACRO_ARG_PRECEDENCE",
6044					    "Macro argument '$arg' may be better as '($arg)' to avoid precedence issues\n" . "$herectx");
6045				}
6046
6047# check if this is an unused argument
6048				if ($define_stmt !~ /\b$arg\b/) {
6049					WARN("MACRO_ARG_UNUSED",
6050					     "Argument '$arg' is not used in function-like macro\n" . "$herectx");
6051				}
6052			}
6053
6054# check for macros with flow control, but without ## concatenation
6055# ## concatenation is commonly a macro that defines a function so ignore those
6056			if ($has_flow_statement && !$has_arg_concat) {
6057				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6058				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6059
6060				WARN("MACRO_WITH_FLOW_CONTROL",
6061				     "Macros with flow control statements should be avoided\n" . "$herectx");
6062			}
6063
6064# check for line continuations outside of #defines, preprocessor #, and asm
6065
6066		} elsif ($realfile =~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@) {
6067		    $line =~ s/(\w+)/$maybe_linker_symbol{$1}++/ge;
6068		    #print "REAL: $realfile\nln: $line\nkeys:", sort keys %maybe_linker_symbol;
6069		} else {
6070			if ($prevline !~ /^..*\\$/ &&
6071			    $line !~ /^\+\s*\#.*\\$/ &&		# preprocessor
6072			    $line !~ /^\+.*\b(__asm__|asm)\b.*\\$/ &&	# asm
6073			    $line =~ /^\+.*\\$/) {
6074				WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6075				     "Avoid unnecessary line continuations\n" . $herecurr);
6076			}
6077		}
6078
6079# do {} while (0) macro tests:
6080# single-statement macros do not need to be enclosed in do while (0) loop,
6081# macro should not end with a semicolon
6082		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6083		    $realfile !~ m@/vmlinux.lds.h$@ &&
6084		    $line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*define\s+$Ident(\()?/) {
6085			my $ln = $linenr;
6086			my $cnt = $realcnt;
6087			my ($off, $dstat, $dcond, $rest);
6088			my $ctx = '';
6089			($dstat, $dcond, $ln, $cnt, $off) =
6090				ctx_statement_block($linenr, $realcnt, 0);
6091			$ctx = $dstat;
6092
6093			$dstat =~ s/\\\n.//g;
6094			$dstat =~ s/$;/ /g;
6095
6096			if ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident\s*${balanced_parens}\s*do\s*{(.*)\s*}\s*while\s*\(\s*0\s*\)\s*([;\s]*)\s*$/) {
6097				my $stmts = $2;
6098				my $semis = $3;
6099
6100				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6101				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6102				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6103
6104				if (($stmts =~ tr/;/;/) == 1 &&
6105				    $stmts !~ /^\s*(if|while|for|switch)\b/) {
6106					WARN("SINGLE_STATEMENT_DO_WHILE_MACRO",
6107					     "Single statement macros should not use a do {} while (0) loop\n" . "$herectx");
6108				}
6109				if (defined $semis && $semis ne "") {
6110					WARN("DO_WHILE_MACRO_WITH_TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6111					     "do {} while (0) macros should not be semicolon terminated\n" . "$herectx");
6112				}
6113			} elsif ($dstat =~ /^\+\s*#\s*define\s+$Ident.*;\s*$/) {
6114				$ctx =~ s/\n*$//;
6115				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($ctx);
6116				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6117
6118				WARN("TRAILING_SEMICOLON",
6119				     "macros should not use a trailing semicolon\n" . "$herectx");
6120			}
6121		}
6122
6123# check for redundant bracing round if etc
6124		if ($line =~ /(^.*)\bif\b/ && $1 !~ /else\s*$/) {
6125			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6126				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, 1);
6127			#print "chunks<$#chunks> linenr<$linenr> endln<$endln> level<$level>\n";
6128			#print "APW: <<$chunks[1][0]>><<$chunks[1][1]>>\n";
6129			if ($#chunks > 0 && $level == 0) {
6130				my @allowed = ();
6131				my $allow = 0;
6132				my $seen = 0;
6133				my $herectx = $here . "\n";
6134				my $ln = $linenr - 1;
6135				for my $chunk (@chunks) {
6136					my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunk};
6137
6138					# If the condition carries leading newlines, then count those as offsets.
6139					my ($whitespace) = ($cond =~ /^((?:\s*\n[+-])*\s*)/s);
6140					my $offset = statement_rawlines($whitespace) - 1;
6141
6142					$allowed[$allow] = 0;
6143					#print "COND<$cond> whitespace<$whitespace> offset<$offset>\n";
6144
6145					# We have looked at and allowed this specific line.
6146					$suppress_ifbraces{$ln + $offset} = 1;
6147
6148					$herectx .= "$rawlines[$ln + $offset]\n[...]\n";
6149					$ln += statement_rawlines($block) - 1;
6150
6151					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6152
6153					$seen++ if ($block =~ /^\s*{/);
6154
6155					#print "cond<$cond> block<$block> allowed<$allowed[$allow]>\n";
6156					if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6157						#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6158						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6159					}
6160					if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6161						#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6162						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6163					}
6164					if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6165						#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6166						$allowed[$allow] = 1;
6167					}
6168					$allow++;
6169				}
6170				if ($seen) {
6171					my $sum_allowed = 0;
6172					foreach (@allowed) {
6173						$sum_allowed += $_;
6174					}
6175					if ($sum_allowed == 0) {
6176						WARN("BRACES",
6177						     "braces {} are not necessary for any arm of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6178					} elsif ($sum_allowed != $allow &&
6179						 $seen != $allow) {
6180						CHK("BRACES",
6181						    "braces {} should be used on all arms of this statement\n" . $herectx);
6182					}
6183				}
6184			}
6185		}
6186		if (!defined $suppress_ifbraces{$linenr - 1} &&
6187					$line =~ /\b(if|while|for|else)\b/) {
6188			my $allowed = 0;
6189
6190			# Check the pre-context.
6191			if (substr($line, 0, $-[0]) =~ /(\}\s*)$/) {
6192				#print "APW: ALLOWED: pre<$1>\n";
6193				$allowed = 1;
6194			}
6195
6196			my ($level, $endln, @chunks) =
6197				ctx_statement_full($linenr, $realcnt, $-[0]);
6198
6199			# Check the condition.
6200			my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[0]};
6201			#print "CHECKING<$linenr> cond<$cond> block<$block>\n";
6202			if (defined $cond) {
6203				substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6204			}
6205			if (statement_lines($cond) > 1) {
6206				#print "APW: ALLOWED: cond<$cond>\n";
6207				$allowed = 1;
6208			}
6209			if ($block =~/\b(?:if|for|while)\b/) {
6210				#print "APW: ALLOWED: block<$block>\n";
6211				$allowed = 1;
6212			}
6213			if (statement_block_size($block) > 1) {
6214				#print "APW: ALLOWED: lines block<$block>\n";
6215				$allowed = 1;
6216			}
6217			# Check the post-context.
6218			if (defined $chunks[1]) {
6219				my ($cond, $block) = @{$chunks[1]};
6220				if (defined $cond) {
6221					substr($block, 0, length($cond), '');
6222				}
6223				if ($block =~ /^\s*\{/) {
6224					#print "APW: ALLOWED: chunk-1 block<$block>\n";
6225					$allowed = 1;
6226				}
6227			}
6228			if ($level == 0 && $block =~ /^\s*\{/ && !$allowed) {
6229				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($block);
6230				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
6231
6232				WARN("BRACES",
6233				     "braces {} are not necessary for single statement blocks\n" . $herectx);
6234			}
6235		}
6236
6237# check for single line unbalanced braces
6238		if ($sline =~ /^.\s*\}\s*else\s*$/ ||
6239		    $sline =~ /^.\s*else\s*\{\s*$/) {
6240			CHK("BRACES", "Unbalanced braces around else statement\n" . $herecurr);
6241		}
6242
6243# check for unnecessary blank lines around braces
6244		if (($line =~ /^.\s*}\s*$/ && $prevrawline =~ /^.\s*$/)) {
6245			if (CHK("BRACES",
6246				"Blank lines aren't necessary before a close brace '}'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6247			    $fix && $prevrawline =~ /^\+/) {
6248				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6249			}
6250		}
6251		if (($rawline =~ /^.\s*$/ && $prevline =~ /^..*{\s*$/)) {
6252			if (CHK("BRACES",
6253				"Blank lines aren't necessary after an open brace '{'\n" . $hereprev) &&
6254			    $fix) {
6255				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6256			}
6257		}
6258
6259# no volatiles please
6260		my $asm_volatile = qr{\b(__asm__|asm)\s+(__volatile__|volatile)\b};
6261		if ($line =~ /\bvolatile\b/ && $line !~ /$asm_volatile/) {
6262			WARN("VOLATILE",
6263			     "Use of volatile is usually wrong: see Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst\n" . $herecurr);
6264		}
6265
6266# Check for user-visible strings broken across lines, which breaks the ability
6267# to grep for the string.  Make exceptions when the previous string ends in a
6268# newline (multiple lines in one string constant) or '\t', '\r', ';', or '{'
6269# (common in inline assembly) or is a octal \123 or hexadecimal \xaf value
6270		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*$String/ &&
6271		    $prevline =~ /"\s*$/ &&
6272		    $prevrawline !~ /(?:\\(?:[ntr]|[0-7]{1,3}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,2})|;\s*|\{\s*)"\s*$/) {
6273			if (WARN("SPLIT_STRING",
6274				 "quoted string split across lines\n" . $hereprev) &&
6275				     $fix &&
6276				     $prevrawline =~ /^\+.*"\s*$/ &&
6277				     $last_coalesced_string_linenr != $linenr - 1) {
6278				my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6279				my $comma_close = "";
6280				if ($rawline =~ /\Q$extracted_string\E(\s*\)\s*;\s*$|\s*,\s*)/) {
6281					$comma_close = $1;
6282				}
6283
6284				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6285				fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6286				my $fixedline = $prevrawline;
6287				$fixedline =~ s/"\s*$//;
6288				$fixedline .= substr($extracted_string, 1) . trim($comma_close);
6289				fix_insert_line($fixlinenr - 1, $fixedline);
6290				$fixedline = $rawline;
6291				$fixedline =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\Q$comma_close\E//;
6292				if ($fixedline !~ /\+\s*$/) {
6293					fix_insert_line($fixlinenr, $fixedline);
6294				}
6295				$last_coalesced_string_linenr = $linenr;
6296			}
6297		}
6298
6299# check for missing a space in a string concatenation
6300		if ($prevrawline =~ /[^\\]\w"$/ && $rawline =~ /^\+[\t ]+"\w/) {
6301			WARN('MISSING_SPACE',
6302			     "break quoted strings at a space character\n" . $hereprev);
6303		}
6304
6305# check for an embedded function name in a string when the function is known
6306# This does not work very well for -f --file checking as it depends on patch
6307# context providing the function name or a single line form for in-file
6308# function declarations
6309		if ($line =~ /^\+.*$String/ &&
6310		    defined($context_function) &&
6311		    get_quoted_string($line, $rawline) =~ /\b$context_function\b/ &&
6312		    length(get_quoted_string($line, $rawline)) != (length($context_function) + 2)) {
6313			WARN("EMBEDDED_FUNCTION_NAME",
6314			     "Prefer using '\"%s...\", __func__' to using '$context_function', this function's name, in a string\n" . $herecurr);
6315		}
6316
6317# check for unnecessary function tracing like uses
6318# This does not use $logFunctions because there are many instances like
6319# 'dprintk(FOO, "%s()\n", __func__);' which do not match $logFunctions
6320		if ($rawline =~ /^\+.*\([^"]*"$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}%s(?:\s*\(\s*\)\s*)?$tracing_logging_tags{0,3}(?:\\n)?"\s*,\s*__func__\s*\)\s*;/) {
6321			if (WARN("TRACING_LOGGING",
6322				 "Unnecessary ftrace-like logging - prefer using ftrace\n" . $herecurr) &&
6323			    $fix) {
6324                                fix_delete_line($fixlinenr, $rawline);
6325			}
6326		}
6327
6328# check for spaces before a quoted newline
6329		if ($rawline =~ /^.*\".*\s\\n/) {
6330			if (WARN("QUOTED_WHITESPACE_BEFORE_NEWLINE",
6331				 "unnecessary whitespace before a quoted newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
6332			    $fix) {
6333				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^(\+.*\".*)\s+\\n/$1\\n/;
6334			}
6335
6336		}
6337
6338# concatenated string without spaces between elements
6339		if ($line =~ /$String[A-Z_]/ ||
6340		    ($line =~ /([A-Za-z0-9_]+)$String/ && $1 !~ /^[Lu]$/)) {
6341			if (CHK("CONCATENATED_STRING",
6342				"Concatenated strings should use spaces between elements\n" . $herecurr) &&
6343			    $fix) {
6344				while ($line =~ /($String)/g) {
6345					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6346					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E([A-Za-z0-9_])/$extracted_string $1/;
6347					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/([A-Za-z0-9_])\Q$extracted_string\E/$1 $extracted_string/;
6348				}
6349			}
6350		}
6351
6352# uncoalesced string fragments
6353		if ($line =~ /$String\s*[Lu]?"/) {
6354			if (WARN("STRING_FRAGMENTS",
6355				 "Consecutive strings are generally better as a single string\n" . $herecurr) &&
6356			    $fix) {
6357				while ($line =~ /($String)(?=\s*")/g) {
6358					my $extracted_string = substr($rawline, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]);
6359					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$extracted_string\E\s*"/substr($extracted_string, 0, -1)/e;
6360				}
6361			}
6362		}
6363
6364# check for non-standard and hex prefixed decimal printf formats
6365		my $show_L = 1;	#don't show the same defect twice
6366		my $show_Z = 1;
6367		while ($line =~ /(?:^|")([X\t]*)(?:"|$)/g) {
6368			my $string = substr($rawline, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]);
6369			$string =~ s/%%/__/g;
6370			# check for %L
6371			if ($show_L && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*L([diouxX])/) {
6372				WARN("PRINTF_L",
6373				     "\%L$1 is non-standard C, use %ll$1\n" . $herecurr);
6374				$show_L = 0;
6375			}
6376			# check for %Z
6377			if ($show_Z && $string =~ /%[\*\d\.\$]*Z([diouxX])/) {
6378				WARN("PRINTF_Z",
6379				     "%Z$1 is non-standard C, use %z$1\n" . $herecurr);
6380				$show_Z = 0;
6381			}
6382			# check for 0x<decimal>
6383			if ($string =~ /0x%[\*\d\.\$\Llzth]*[diou]/) {
6384				ERROR("PRINTF_0XDECIMAL",
6385				      "Prefixing 0x with decimal output is defective\n" . $herecurr);
6386			}
6387		}
6388
6389# check for line continuations in quoted strings with odd counts of "
6390		if ($rawline =~ /\\$/ && $sline =~ tr/"/"/ % 2) {
6391			WARN("LINE_CONTINUATIONS",
6392			     "Avoid line continuations in quoted strings\n" . $herecurr);
6393		}
6394
6395# warn about #if 0
6396		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+0\b/) {
6397			WARN("IF_0",
6398			     "Consider removing the code enclosed by this #if 0 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6399		}
6400
6401# warn about #if 1
6402		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if\s+1\b/) {
6403			WARN("IF_1",
6404			     "Consider removing the #if 1 and its #endif\n" . $herecurr);
6405		}
6406
6407# check for needless "if (<foo>) fn(<foo>)" uses
6408		if ($prevline =~ /\bif\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*\)/) {
6409			my $tested = quotemeta($1);
6410			my $expr = '\s*\(\s*' . $tested . '\s*\)\s*;';
6411			if ($line =~ /\b(kfree|usb_free_urb|debugfs_remove(?:_recursive)?|(?:kmem_cache|mempool|dma_pool)_destroy)$expr/) {
6412				my $func = $1;
6413				if (WARN('NEEDLESS_IF',
6414					 "$func(NULL) is safe and this check is probably not required\n" . $hereprev) &&
6415				    $fix) {
6416					my $do_fix = 1;
6417					my $leading_tabs = "";
6418					my $new_leading_tabs = "";
6419					if ($lines[$linenr - 2] =~ /^\+(\t*)if\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*$/) {
6420						$leading_tabs = $1;
6421					} else {
6422						$do_fix = 0;
6423					}
6424					if ($lines[$linenr - 1] =~ /^\+(\t+)$func\s*\(\s*$tested\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6425						$new_leading_tabs = $1;
6426						if (length($leading_tabs) + 1 ne length($new_leading_tabs)) {
6427							$do_fix = 0;
6428						}
6429					} else {
6430						$do_fix = 0;
6431					}
6432					if ($do_fix) {
6433						fix_delete_line($fixlinenr - 1, $prevrawline);
6434						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/^\+$new_leading_tabs/\+$leading_tabs/;
6435					}
6436				}
6437			}
6438		}
6439
6440# check for unnecessary "Out of Memory" messages
6441		if ($line =~ /^\+.*\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6442		    $prevline =~ /^[ \+]\s*if\s*\(\s*(\!\s*|NULL\s*==\s*)?($Lval)(\s*==\s*NULL\s*)?\s*\)/ &&
6443		    (defined $1 || defined $3) &&
6444		    $linenr > 3) {
6445			my $testval = $2;
6446			my $testline = $lines[$linenr - 3];
6447
6448			my ($s, $c) = ctx_statement_block($linenr - 3, $realcnt, 0);
6449#			print("line: <$line>\nprevline: <$prevline>\ns: <$s>\nc: <$c>\n\n\n");
6450
6451			if ($s =~ /(?:^|\n)[ \+]\s*(?:$Type\s*)?\Q$testval\E\s*=\s*(?:\([^\)]*\)\s*)?\s*$allocFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6452			    $s !~ /\b__GFP_NOWARN\b/ ) {
6453				WARN("OOM_MESSAGE",
6454				     "Possible unnecessary 'out of memory' message\n" . $hereprev);
6455			}
6456		}
6457
6458# check for logging functions with KERN_<LEVEL>
6459		if ($line !~ /printk(?:_ratelimited|_once)?\s*\(/ &&
6460		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(.*\b(KERN_[A-Z]+)\b/) {
6461			my $level = $1;
6462			if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_KERN_LEVEL",
6463				 "Possible unnecessary $level\n" . $herecurr) &&
6464			    $fix) {
6465				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s*$level\s*//;
6466			}
6467		}
6468
6469# check for logging continuations
6470		if ($line =~ /\bprintk\s*\(\s*KERN_CONT\b|\bpr_cont\s*\(/) {
6471			WARN("LOGGING_CONTINUATION",
6472			     "Avoid logging continuation uses where feasible\n" . $herecurr);
6473		}
6474
6475# check for unnecessary use of %h[xudi] and %hh[xudi] in logging functions
6476		if (defined $stat &&
6477		    $line =~ /\b$logFunctions\s*\(/ &&
6478		    index($stat, '"') >= 0) {
6479			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6480			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6481			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6482			pos($stat_real) = index($stat_real, '"');
6483			while ($stat_real =~ /[^\"%]*(%[\#\d\.\*\-]*(h+)[idux])/g) {
6484				my $pspec = $1;
6485				my $h = $2;
6486				my $lineoff = substr($stat_real, 0, $-[1]) =~ tr@\n@@;
6487				if (WARN("UNNECESSARY_MODIFIER",
6488					 "Integer promotion: Using '$h' in '$pspec' is unnecessary\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n") &&
6489				    $fix && $fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ /^\+/) {
6490					my $nspec = $pspec;
6491					$nspec =~ s/h//g;
6492					$fixed[$fixlinenr + $lineoff] =~ s/\Q$pspec\E/$nspec/;
6493				}
6494			}
6495		}
6496
6497# check for mask then right shift without a parentheses
6498		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6499		    $line =~ /$LvalOrFunc\s*\&\s*($LvalOrFunc)\s*>>/ &&
6500		    $4 !~ /^\&/) { # $LvalOrFunc may be &foo, ignore if so
6501			WARN("MASK_THEN_SHIFT",
6502			     "Possible precedence defect with mask then right shift - may need parentheses\n" . $herecurr);
6503		}
6504
6505# check for pointer comparisons to NULL
6506		if ($perl_version_ok) {
6507			while ($line =~ /\b$LvalOrFunc\s*(==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/g) {
6508				my $val = $1;
6509				my $equal = "!";
6510				$equal = "" if ($4 eq "!=");
6511				if (CHK("COMPARISON_TO_NULL",
6512					"Comparison to NULL could be written \"${equal}${val}\"\n" . $herecurr) &&
6513					    $fix) {
6514					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b\Q$val\E\s*(?:==|\!=)\s*NULL\b/$equal$val/;
6515				}
6516			}
6517		}
6518
6519# check for bad placement of section $InitAttribute (e.g.: __initdata)
6520		if ($line =~ /(\b$InitAttribute\b)/) {
6521			my $attr = $1;
6522			if ($line =~ /^\+\s*static\s+(?:const\s+)?(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*[=;]/) {
6523				my $ptr = $1;
6524				my $var = $2;
6525				if ((($ptr =~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6526				      ERROR("MISPLACED_INIT",
6527					    "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr)) ||
6528				     ($ptr !~ /\b(union|struct)\s+$attr\b/ &&
6529				      WARN("MISPLACED_INIT",
6530					   "$attr should be placed after $var\n" . $herecurr))) &&
6531				    $fix) {
6532					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\bstatic\s+(?:const\s+)?)(?:$attr\s+)?($NonptrTypeWithAttr)\s+(?:$attr\s+)?($Ident(?:\[[^]]*\])?)\s*([=;])\s*/"$1" . trim(string_find_replace($2, "\\s*$attr\\s*", " ")) . " " . trim(string_find_replace($3, "\\s*$attr\\s*", "")) . " $attr" . ("$4" eq ";" ? ";" : " = ")/e;
6533				}
6534			}
6535		}
6536
6537# check for $InitAttributeData (ie: __initdata) with const
6538		if ($line =~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeData)/) {
6539			my $attr = $1;
6540			$attr =~ /($InitAttributePrefix)(.*)/;
6541			my $attr_prefix = $1;
6542			my $attr_type = $2;
6543			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6544				  "Use of const init definition must use ${attr_prefix}initconst\n" . $herecurr) &&
6545			    $fix) {
6546				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6547				    s/$InitAttributeData/${attr_prefix}initconst/;
6548			}
6549		}
6550
6551# check for $InitAttributeConst (ie: __initconst) without const
6552		if ($line !~ /\bconst\b/ && $line =~ /($InitAttributeConst)/) {
6553			my $attr = $1;
6554			if (ERROR("INIT_ATTRIBUTE",
6555				  "Use of $attr requires a separate use of const\n" . $herecurr) &&
6556			    $fix) {
6557				my $lead = $fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6558				    /(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/;
6559				$lead = rtrim($1);
6560				$lead = "$lead " if ($lead !~ /^\+$/);
6561				$lead = "${lead}const ";
6562				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(^\+\s*(?:static\s+))/$lead/;
6563			}
6564		}
6565
6566# check for __read_mostly with const non-pointer (should just be const)
6567		if ($line =~ /\b__read_mostly\b/ &&
6568		    $line =~ /($Type)\s*$Ident/ && $1 !~ /\*\s*$/ && $1 =~ /\bconst\b/) {
6569			if (ERROR("CONST_READ_MOSTLY",
6570				  "Invalid use of __read_mostly with const type\n" . $herecurr) &&
6571			    $fix) {
6572				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\s+__read_mostly\b//;
6573			}
6574		}
6575
6576# don't use __constant_<foo> functions outside of include/uapi/
6577		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
6578		    $line =~ /(__constant_(?:htons|ntohs|[bl]e(?:16|32|64)_to_cpu|cpu_to_[bl]e(?:16|32|64)))\s*\(/) {
6579			my $constant_func = $1;
6580			my $func = $constant_func;
6581			$func =~ s/^__constant_//;
6582			if (WARN("CONSTANT_CONVERSION",
6583				 "$constant_func should be $func\n" . $herecurr) &&
6584			    $fix) {
6585				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$constant_func\b/$func/g;
6586			}
6587		}
6588
6589# prefer usleep_range over udelay
6590		if ($line =~ /\budelay\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/) {
6591			my $delay = $1;
6592			# ignore udelay's < 10, however
6593			if (! ($delay < 10) ) {
6594				CHK("USLEEP_RANGE",
6595				    "usleep_range is preferred over udelay; see function description of usleep_range() and udelay().\n" . $herecurr);
6596			}
6597			if ($delay > 2000) {
6598				WARN("LONG_UDELAY",
6599				     "long udelay - prefer mdelay; see function description of mdelay().\n" . $herecurr);
6600			}
6601		}
6602
6603# warn about unexpectedly long msleep's
6604		if ($line =~ /\bmsleep\s*\((\d+)\);/) {
6605			if ($1 < 20) {
6606				WARN("MSLEEP",
6607				     "msleep < 20ms can sleep for up to 20ms; see function description of msleep().\n" . $herecurr);
6608			}
6609		}
6610
6611# check for comparisons of jiffies
6612		if ($line =~ /\bjiffies\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*jiffies\b/) {
6613			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6614			     "Comparing jiffies is almost always wrong; prefer time_after, time_before and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6615		}
6616
6617# check for comparisons of get_jiffies_64()
6618		if ($line =~ /\bget_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)\s*$Compare|$Compare\s*get_jiffies_64\s*\(\s*\)/) {
6619			WARN("JIFFIES_COMPARISON",
6620			     "Comparing get_jiffies_64() is almost always wrong; prefer time_after64, time_before64 and friends\n" . $herecurr);
6621		}
6622
6623# warn about #ifdefs in C files
6624#		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*if(|n)def/ && ($realfile =~ /\.c$/)) {
6625#			print "#ifdef in C files should be avoided\n";
6626#			print "$herecurr";
6627#			$clean = 0;
6628#		}
6629
6630# warn about spacing in #ifdefs
6631		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif)\s\s+/) {
6632			if (ERROR("SPACING",
6633				  "exactly one space required after that #$1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6634			    $fix) {
6635				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~
6636				    s/^(.\s*\#\s*(ifdef|ifndef|elif))\s{2,}/$1 /;
6637			}
6638
6639		}
6640
6641# check for spinlock_t definitions without a comment.
6642		if ($line =~ /^.\s*(struct\s+mutex|spinlock_t)\s+\S+;/ ||
6643		    $line =~ /^.\s*(DEFINE_MUTEX)\s*\(/) {
6644			my $which = $1;
6645			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6646				CHK("UNCOMMENTED_DEFINITION",
6647				    "$1 definition without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6648			}
6649		}
6650# check for memory barriers without a comment.
6651
6652		my $barriers = qr{
6653			mb|
6654			rmb|
6655			wmb
6656		}x;
6657		my $barrier_stems = qr{
6658			mb__before_atomic|
6659			mb__after_atomic|
6660			store_release|
6661			load_acquire|
6662			store_mb|
6663			(?:$barriers)
6664		}x;
6665		my $all_barriers = qr{
6666			(?:$barriers)|
6667			smp_(?:$barrier_stems)|
6668			virt_(?:$barrier_stems)
6669		}x;
6670
6671		if ($line =~ /\b(?:$all_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6672			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6673				WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6674				     "memory barrier without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6675			}
6676		}
6677
6678		my $underscore_smp_barriers = qr{__smp_(?:$barrier_stems)}x;
6679
6680		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/asm-generic/@ &&
6681		    $realfile !~ m@/barrier\.h$@ &&
6682		    $line =~ m/\b(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/ &&
6683		    $line !~ m/^.\s*\#\s*define\s+(?:$underscore_smp_barriers)\s*\(/) {
6684			WARN("MEMORY_BARRIER",
6685			     "__smp memory barriers shouldn't be used outside barrier.h and asm-generic\n" . $herecurr);
6686		}
6687
6688# check for waitqueue_active without a comment.
6689		if ($line =~ /\bwaitqueue_active\s*\(/) {
6690			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6691				WARN("WAITQUEUE_ACTIVE",
6692				     "waitqueue_active without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6693			}
6694		}
6695
6696# check for data_race without a comment.
6697		if ($line =~ /\bdata_race\s*\(/) {
6698			if (!ctx_has_comment($first_line, $linenr)) {
6699				WARN("DATA_RACE",
6700				     "data_race without comment\n" . $herecurr);
6701			}
6702		}
6703
6704# check of hardware specific defines
6705		if ($line =~ m@^.\s*\#\s*if.*\b(__i386__|__powerpc64__|__sun__|__s390x__)\b@ && $realfile !~ m@include/asm-@) {
6706			CHK("ARCH_DEFINES",
6707			    "architecture specific defines should be avoided\n" .  $herecurr);
6708		}
6709
6710# check that the storage class is not after a type
6711		if ($line =~ /\b($Type)\s+($Storage)\b/) {
6712			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6713			     "storage class '$2' should be located before type '$1'\n" . $herecurr);
6714		}
6715# Check that the storage class is at the beginning of a declaration
6716		if ($line =~ /\b$Storage\b/ &&
6717		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Storage/ &&
6718		    $line =~ /^.\s*(.+?)\$Storage\s/ &&
6719		    $1 !~ /[\,\)]\s*$/) {
6720			WARN("STORAGE_CLASS",
6721			     "storage class should be at the beginning of the declaration\n" . $herecurr);
6722		}
6723
6724# check the location of the inline attribute, that it is between
6725# storage class and type.
6726		if ($line =~ /\b$Type\s+$Inline\b/ ||
6727		    $line =~ /\b$Inline\s+$Storage\b/) {
6728			ERROR("INLINE_LOCATION",
6729			      "inline keyword should sit between storage class and type\n" . $herecurr);
6730		}
6731
6732# Check for __inline__ and __inline, prefer inline
6733		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6734		    $line =~ /\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/) {
6735			if (WARN("INLINE",
6736				 "plain inline is preferred over $1\n" . $herecurr) &&
6737			    $fix) {
6738				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b(__inline__|__inline)\b/inline/;
6739
6740			}
6741		}
6742
6743# Check for compiler attributes
6744		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6745		    $rawline =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*($balanced_parens)\s*\)/) {
6746			my $attr = $1;
6747			$attr =~ s/\s*\(\s*(.*)\)\s*/$1/;
6748
6749			my %attr_list = (
6750				"alias"				=> "__alias",
6751				"aligned"			=> "__aligned",
6752				"always_inline"			=> "__always_inline",
6753				"assume_aligned"		=> "__assume_aligned",
6754				"cold"				=> "__cold",
6755				"const"				=> "__attribute_const__",
6756				"copy"				=> "__copy",
6757				"designated_init"		=> "__designated_init",
6758				"externally_visible"		=> "__visible",
6759				"format"			=> "printf|scanf",
6760				"gnu_inline"			=> "__gnu_inline",
6761				"malloc"			=> "__malloc",
6762				"mode"				=> "__mode",
6763				"no_caller_saved_registers"	=> "__no_caller_saved_registers",
6764				"noclone"			=> "__noclone",
6765				"noinline"			=> "noinline",
6766				"nonstring"			=> "__nonstring",
6767				"noreturn"			=> "__noreturn",
6768				"packed"			=> "__packed",
6769				"pure"				=> "__pure",
6770				"section"			=> "__section",
6771				"used"				=> "__used",
6772				"weak"				=> "__weak"
6773			);
6774
6775			while ($attr =~ /\s*(\w+)\s*(${balanced_parens})?/g) {
6776				my $orig_attr = $1;
6777				my $params = '';
6778				$params = $2 if defined($2);
6779				my $curr_attr = $orig_attr;
6780				$curr_attr =~ s/^[\s_]+|[\s_]+$//g;
6781				if (exists($attr_list{$curr_attr})) {
6782					my $new = $attr_list{$curr_attr};
6783					if ($curr_attr eq "format" && $params) {
6784						$params =~ /^\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(.*)/;
6785						$new = "__$1\($2";
6786					} else {
6787						$new = "$new$params";
6788					}
6789					if (WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6790						 "Prefer $new over __attribute__(($orig_attr$params))\n" . $herecurr) &&
6791					    $fix) {
6792						my $remove = "\Q$orig_attr\E" . '\s*' . "\Q$params\E" . '(?:\s*,\s*)?';
6793						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/$remove//;
6794						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__attribute__/$new __attribute__/;
6795						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\}\Q$new\E/} $new/;
6796						$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/ __attribute__\s*\(\s*\(\s*\)\s*\)//;
6797					}
6798				}
6799			}
6800
6801			# Check for __attribute__ unused, prefer __always_unused or __maybe_unused
6802			if ($attr =~ /^_*unused/) {
6803				WARN("PREFER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_MACRO",
6804				     "__always_unused or __maybe_unused is preferred over __attribute__((__unused__))\n" . $herecurr);
6805			}
6806		}
6807
6808# Check for __attribute__ weak, or __weak declarations (may have link issues)
6809		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6810		    $line =~ /(?:$Declare|$DeclareMisordered)\s*$Ident\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Attribute)?\s*;/ &&
6811		    ($line =~ /\b__attribute__\s*\(\s*\(.*\bweak\b/ ||
6812		     $line =~ /\b__weak\b/)) {
6813			ERROR("WEAK_DECLARATION",
6814			      "Using weak declarations can have unintended link defects\n" . $herecurr);
6815		}
6816
6817# check for c99 types like uint8_t used outside of uapi/ and tools/
6818		if ($realfile !~ m@\binclude/uapi/@ &&
6819		    $realfile !~ m@\btools/@ &&
6820		    $line =~ /\b($Declare)\s*$Ident\s*[=;,\[]/) {
6821			my $type = $1;
6822			if ($type =~ /\b($typeC99Typedefs)\b/) {
6823				$type = $1;
6824				my $kernel_type = 'u';
6825				$kernel_type = 's' if ($type =~ /^_*[si]/);
6826				$type =~ /(\d+)/;
6827				$kernel_type .= $1;
6828				if (CHK("PREFER_KERNEL_TYPES",
6829					"Prefer kernel type '$kernel_type' over '$type'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6830				    $fix) {
6831					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b$type\b/$kernel_type/;
6832				}
6833			}
6834		}
6835
6836# check for cast of C90 native int or longer types constants
6837		if ($line =~ /(\(\s*$C90_int_types\s*\)\s*)($Constant)\b/) {
6838			my $cast = $1;
6839			my $const = $2;
6840			my $suffix = "";
6841			my $newconst = $const;
6842			$newconst =~ s/${Int_type}$//;
6843			$suffix .= 'U' if ($cast =~ /\bunsigned\b/);
6844			if ($cast =~ /\blong\s+long\b/) {
6845			    $suffix .= 'LL';
6846			} elsif ($cast =~ /\blong\b/) {
6847			    $suffix .= 'L';
6848			}
6849			if (WARN("TYPECAST_INT_CONSTANT",
6850				 "Unnecessary typecast of c90 int constant - '$cast$const' could be '$const$suffix'\n" . $herecurr) &&
6851			    $fix) {
6852				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$cast\E$const\b/$newconst$suffix/;
6853			}
6854		}
6855
6856# check for sizeof(&)
6857		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s*\(\s*\&/) {
6858			WARN("SIZEOF_ADDRESS",
6859			     "sizeof(& should be avoided\n" . $herecurr);
6860		}
6861
6862# check for sizeof without parenthesis
6863		if ($line =~ /\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/) {
6864			if (WARN("SIZEOF_PARENTHESIS",
6865				 "sizeof $1 should be sizeof($1)\n" . $herecurr) &&
6866			    $fix) {
6867				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bsizeof\s+((?:\*\s*|)$Lval|$Type(?:\s+$Lval|))/"sizeof(" . trim($1) . ")"/ex;
6868			}
6869		}
6870
6871# check for struct spinlock declarations
6872		if ($line =~ /^.\s*\bstruct\s+spinlock\s+\w+\s*;/) {
6873			WARN("USE_SPINLOCK_T",
6874			     "struct spinlock should be spinlock_t\n" . $herecurr);
6875		}
6876
6877# check for seq_printf uses that could be seq_puts
6878		if ($sline =~ /\bseq_printf\s*\(.*"\s*\)\s*;\s*$/) {
6879			my $fmt = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
6880			$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6881			if ($fmt !~ /%/) {
6882				if (WARN("PREFER_SEQ_PUTS",
6883					 "Prefer seq_puts to seq_printf\n" . $herecurr) &&
6884				    $fix) {
6885					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bseq_printf\b/seq_puts/;
6886				}
6887			}
6888		}
6889
6890# check for vsprintf extension %p<foo> misuses
6891		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6892		    defined $stat &&
6893		    $stat =~ /^\+(?![^\{]*\{\s*).*\b(\w+)\s*\(.*$String\s*,/s &&
6894		    $1 !~ /^_*volatile_*$/) {
6895			my $stat_real;
6896
6897			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
6898			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
6899		        for (my $count = $linenr; $count <= $lc; $count++) {
6900				my $specifier;
6901				my $extension;
6902				my $qualifier;
6903				my $bad_specifier = "";
6904				my $fmt = get_quoted_string($lines[$count - 1], raw_line($count, 0));
6905				$fmt =~ s/%%//g;
6906
6907				while ($fmt =~ /(\%[\*\d\.]*p(\w)(\w*))/g) {
6908					$specifier = $1;
6909					$extension = $2;
6910					$qualifier = $3;
6911					if ($extension !~ /[4SsBKRraEehMmIiUDdgVCbGNOxtf]/ ||
6912					    ($extension eq "f" &&
6913					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^w/) ||
6914					    ($extension eq "4" &&
6915					     defined $qualifier && $qualifier !~ /^cc/)) {
6916						$bad_specifier = $specifier;
6917						last;
6918					}
6919					if ($extension eq "x" && !defined($stat_real)) {
6920						if (!defined($stat_real)) {
6921							$stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6922						}
6923						WARN("VSPRINTF_SPECIFIER_PX",
6924						     "Using vsprintf specifier '\%px' potentially exposes the kernel memory layout, if you don't really need the address please consider using '\%p'.\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6925					}
6926				}
6927				if ($bad_specifier ne "") {
6928					my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
6929					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
6930					my $ext_type = "Invalid";
6931					my $use = "";
6932					if ($bad_specifier =~ /p[Ff]/) {
6933						$use = " - use %pS instead";
6934						$use =~ s/pS/ps/ if ($bad_specifier =~ /pf/);
6935					} elsif ($bad_specifier =~ /pA/) {
6936						$use =  " - '%pA' is only intended to be used from Rust code";
6937						$msg_level = \&ERROR;
6938					}
6939
6940					&{$msg_level}("VSPRINTF_POINTER_EXTENSION",
6941						      "$ext_type vsprintf pointer extension '$bad_specifier'$use\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
6942				}
6943			}
6944		}
6945
6946# Check for misused memsets
6947		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6948		    defined $stat &&
6949		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
6950
6951			my $ms_addr = $2;
6952			my $ms_val = $7;
6953			my $ms_size = $12;
6954
6955			if ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)0$/i) {
6956				ERROR("MEMSET",
6957				      "memset to 0's uses 0 as the 2nd argument, not the 3rd\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6958			} elsif ($ms_size =~ /^(0x|)1$/i) {
6959				WARN("MEMSET",
6960				     "single byte memset is suspicious. Swapped 2nd/3rd argument?\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
6961			}
6962		}
6963
6964# Check for memcpy(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_copy(foo, bar)
6965#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6966#		    defined $stat &&
6967#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6968#			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_COPY",
6969#				 "Prefer ether_addr_copy() over memcpy() if the Ethernet addresses are __aligned(2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6970#			    $fix) {
6971#				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemcpy\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/ether_addr_copy($2, $7)/;
6972#			}
6973#		}
6974
6975# Check for memcmp(foo, bar, ETH_ALEN) that could be ether_addr_equal*(foo, bar)
6976#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6977#		    defined $stat &&
6978#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemcmp\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6979#			WARN("PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_EQUAL",
6980#			     "Prefer ether_addr_equal() or ether_addr_equal_unaligned() over memcmp()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n")
6981#		}
6982
6983# check for memset(foo, 0x0, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_zero_addr
6984# check for memset(foo, 0xFF, ETH_ALEN) that could be eth_broadcast_addr
6985#		if ($perl_version_ok &&
6986#		    defined $stat &&
6987#		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/) {
6988#
6989#			my $ms_val = $7;
6990#
6991#			if ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0x|)0+$/i) {
6992#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_ZERO_ADDR",
6993#					 "Prefer eth_zero_addr over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
6994#				    $fix) {
6995#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_zero_addr($2)/;
6996#				}
6997#			} elsif ($ms_val =~ /^(?:0xff|255)$/i) {
6998#				if (WARN("PREFER_ETH_BROADCAST_ADDR",
6999#					 "Prefer eth_broadcast_addr() over memset()\n" . "$here\n$stat\n") &&
7000#				    $fix) {
7001#					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bmemset\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*ETH_ALEN\s*\)/eth_broadcast_addr($2)/;
7002#				}
7003#			}
7004#		}
7005
7006# strcpy uses that should likely be strscpy
7007		if ($line =~ /\bstrcpy\s*\(/) {
7008			WARN("STRCPY",
7009			     "Prefer strscpy over strcpy - see: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/88\n" . $herecurr);
7010		}
7011
7012# strlcpy uses that should likely be strscpy
7013		if ($line =~ /\bstrlcpy\s*\(/) {
7014			WARN("STRLCPY",
7015			     "Prefer strscpy over strlcpy - see: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/89\n" . $herecurr);
7016		}
7017
7018# strncpy uses that should likely be strscpy or strscpy_pad
7019		if ($line =~ /\bstrncpy\s*\(/) {
7020			WARN("STRNCPY",
7021			     "Prefer strscpy, strscpy_pad, or __nonstring over strncpy - see: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/90\n" . $herecurr);
7022		}
7023
7024# ethtool_sprintf uses that should likely be ethtool_puts
7025		if ($line =~ /\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
7026			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHTOOL_PUTS",
7027				 "Prefer ethtool_puts over ethtool_sprintf with only two arguments\n" . $herecurr) &&
7028			    $fix) {
7029				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*($FuncArg)/ethtool_puts($1, $7)/;
7030			}
7031		}
7032
7033		# use $rawline because $line loses %s via sanitization and thus we can't match against it.
7034		if ($rawline =~ /\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*\"\%s\"\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
7035			if (WARN("PREFER_ETHTOOL_PUTS",
7036				 "Prefer ethtool_puts over ethtool_sprintf with standalone \"%s\" specifier\n" . $herecurr) &&
7037			    $fix) {
7038				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bethtool_sprintf\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*"\%s"\s*,\s*($FuncArg)/ethtool_puts($1, $7)/;
7039			}
7040		}
7041
7042
7043# typecasts on min/max could be min_t/max_t
7044		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7045		    defined $stat &&
7046		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\b(min|max)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*$FuncArg\s*\)/) {
7047			if (defined $2 || defined $7) {
7048				my $call = $1;
7049				my $cast1 = deparenthesize($2);
7050				my $arg1 = $3;
7051				my $cast2 = deparenthesize($7);
7052				my $arg2 = $8;
7053				my $cast;
7054
7055				if ($cast1 ne "" && $cast2 ne "" && $cast1 ne $cast2) {
7056					$cast = "$cast1 or $cast2";
7057				} elsif ($cast1 ne "") {
7058					$cast = $cast1;
7059				} else {
7060					$cast = $cast2;
7061				}
7062				WARN("MINMAX",
7063				     "$call() should probably be ${call}_t($cast, $arg1, $arg2)\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
7064			}
7065		}
7066
7067# check usleep_range arguments
7068		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7069		    defined $stat &&
7070		    $stat =~ /^\+(?:.*?)\busleep_range\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*,\s*($FuncArg)\s*\)/) {
7071			my $min = $1;
7072			my $max = $7;
7073			if ($min eq $max) {
7074				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
7075				     "usleep_range should not use min == max args;  see function description of usleep_range().\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
7076			} elsif ($min =~ /^\d+$/ && $max =~ /^\d+$/ &&
7077				 $min > $max) {
7078				WARN("USLEEP_RANGE",
7079				     "usleep_range args reversed, use min then max;  see function description of usleep_range().\n" . "$here\n$stat\n");
7080			}
7081		}
7082
7083# check for naked sscanf
7084		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7085		    defined $stat &&
7086		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/ &&
7087		    ($stat !~ /$Ident\s*=\s*sscanf\s*$balanced_parens/ &&
7088		     $stat !~ /\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens\s*(?:$Compare)/ &&
7089		     $stat !~ /(?:$Compare)\s*\bsscanf\s*$balanced_parens/)) {
7090			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7091			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7092			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7093			WARN("NAKED_SSCANF",
7094			     "unchecked sscanf return value\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
7095		}
7096
7097# check for simple sscanf that should be kstrto<foo>
7098		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7099		    defined $stat &&
7100		    $line =~ /\bsscanf\b/) {
7101			my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7102			$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7103			my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7104			if ($stat_real =~ /\bsscanf\b\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*("[^"]+")/) {
7105				my $format = $6;
7106				my $count = $format =~ tr@%@%@;
7107				if ($count == 1 &&
7108				    $format =~ /^"\%(?i:ll[udxi]|[udxi]ll|ll|[hl]h?[udxi]|[udxi][hl]h?|[hl]h?|[udxi])"$/) {
7109					WARN("SSCANF_TO_KSTRTO",
7110					     "Prefer kstrto<type> to single variable sscanf\n" . "$here\n$stat_real\n");
7111				}
7112			}
7113		}
7114
7115# check for new externs in .h files.
7116		if ($realfile =~ /\.h$/ &&
7117		    $line =~ /^\+\s*(extern\s+)$Type\s*$Ident\s*\(/s) {
7118			if (CHK("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7119				"extern prototypes should be avoided in .h files\n" . $herecurr) &&
7120			    $fix) {
7121				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(.*)\bextern\b\s*(.*)/$1$2/;
7122			}
7123		}
7124
7125# check for new externs in .c files.
7126		if ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7127		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s+($Ident)(\s*)\(/s)
7128		{
7129			my $function_name = $1;
7130			my $paren_space = $2;
7131
7132			my $s = $stat;
7133			if (defined $cond) {
7134				substr($s, 0, length($cond), '');
7135			}
7136			if ($s =~ /^\s*;/)
7137			{
7138				WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7139				     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7140			}
7141
7142			if ($paren_space =~ /\n/) {
7143				WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7144				     "arguments for function declarations should follow identifier\n" . $herecurr);
7145			}
7146
7147		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7148		    $stat =~ /^\+extern struct\s+(\w+)\s+(\w+)\[\];/)
7149		{
7150			my ($st_type, $st_name) = ($1, $2);
7151
7152			for my $s (keys %maybe_linker_symbol) {
7153			    #print "Linker symbol? $st_name : $s\n";
7154			    goto LIKELY_LINKER_SYMBOL
7155				if $st_name =~ /$s/;
7156			}
7157			WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7158			     "found a file-scoped extern type:$st_type name:$st_name in .c file\n"
7159			     . "is this a linker symbol ?\n" . $herecurr);
7160		  LIKELY_LINKER_SYMBOL:
7161
7162		} elsif ($realfile =~ /\.c$/ && defined $stat &&
7163		    $stat =~ /^.\s*extern\s+/)
7164		{
7165			WARN("AVOID_EXTERNS",
7166			     "externs should be avoided in .c files\n" .  $herecurr);
7167		}
7168
7169# check for function declarations that have arguments without identifier names
7170		if (defined $stat &&
7171		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:extern\s+)?$Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident\s*\))\s*\(\s*([^{]+)\s*\)\s*;/s &&
7172		    $1 ne "void") {
7173			my $args = trim($1);
7174			while ($args =~ m/\s*($Type\s*(?:$Ident|\(\s*\*\s*$Ident?\s*\)\s*$balanced_parens)?)/g) {
7175				my $arg = trim($1);
7176				if ($arg =~ /^$Type$/ && $arg !~ /enum\s+$Ident$/) {
7177					WARN("FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS",
7178					     "function definition argument '$arg' should also have an identifier name\n" . $herecurr);
7179				}
7180			}
7181		}
7182
7183# check for function definitions
7184		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7185		    defined $stat &&
7186		    $stat =~ /^.\s*(?:$Storage\s+)?$Type\s*($Ident)\s*$balanced_parens\s*{/s) {
7187			$context_function = $1;
7188
7189# check for multiline function definition with misplaced open brace
7190			my $ok = 0;
7191			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7192			my $herectx = $here . "\n";
7193			for (my $n = 0; $n < $cnt; $n++) {
7194				my $rl = raw_line($linenr, $n);
7195				$herectx .=  $rl . "\n";
7196				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /^[ \+]\{/);
7197				$ok = 1 if ($rl =~ /\{/ && $n == 0);
7198				last if $rl =~ /^[ \+].*\{/;
7199			}
7200			if (!$ok) {
7201				ERROR("OPEN_BRACE",
7202				      "open brace '{' following function definitions go on the next line\n" . $herectx);
7203			}
7204		}
7205
7206# checks for new __setup's
7207		if ($rawline =~ /\b__setup\("([^"]*)"/) {
7208			my $name = $1;
7209
7210			if (!grep(/$name/, @setup_docs)) {
7211				CHK("UNDOCUMENTED_SETUP",
7212				    "__setup appears un-documented -- check Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt\n" . $herecurr);
7213			}
7214		}
7215
7216# check for pointless casting of alloc functions
7217		if ($line =~ /\*\s*\)\s*$allocFunctions\b/) {
7218			WARN("UNNECESSARY_CASTS",
7219			     "unnecessary cast may hide bugs, see http://c-faq.com/malloc/mallocnocast.html\n" . $herecurr);
7220		}
7221
7222# alloc style
7223# p = alloc(sizeof(struct foo), ...) should be p = alloc(sizeof(*p), ...)
7224		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7225		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k|v)[mz]alloc(?:_node)?)\s*\(\s*(sizeof\s*\(\s*struct\s+$Lval\s*\))/) {
7226			CHK("ALLOC_SIZEOF_STRUCT",
7227			    "Prefer $3(sizeof(*$1)...) over $3($4...)\n" . $herecurr);
7228		}
7229
7230# check for (kv|k)[mz]alloc with multiplies that could be kmalloc_array/kvmalloc_array/kvcalloc/kcalloc
7231		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7232		    defined $stat &&
7233		    $stat =~ /^\+\s*($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)\s*,/) {
7234			my $oldfunc = $3;
7235			my $a1 = $4;
7236			my $a2 = $10;
7237			my $newfunc = "kmalloc_array";
7238			$newfunc = "kvmalloc_array" if ($oldfunc eq "kvmalloc");
7239			$newfunc = "kvcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kvzalloc");
7240			$newfunc = "kcalloc" if ($oldfunc eq "kzalloc");
7241			my $r1 = $a1;
7242			my $r2 = $a2;
7243			if ($a1 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/) {
7244				$r1 = $a2;
7245				$r2 = $a1;
7246			}
7247			if ($r1 !~ /^sizeof\b/ && $r2 =~ /^sizeof\s*\S/ &&
7248			    !($r1 =~ /^$Constant$/ || $r1 =~ /^[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*$/)) {
7249				my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7250				my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7251
7252				if (WARN("ALLOC_WITH_MULTIPLY",
7253					 "Prefer $newfunc over $oldfunc with multiply\n" . $herectx) &&
7254				    $cnt == 1 &&
7255				    $fix) {
7256					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*((?:kv|k)[mz]alloc)\s*\(\s*($FuncArg)\s*\*\s*($FuncArg)/$1 . ' = ' . "$newfunc(" . trim($r1) . ', ' . trim($r2)/e;
7257				}
7258			}
7259		}
7260
7261# check for krealloc arg reuse
7262		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7263		    $line =~ /\b($Lval)\s*\=\s*(?:$balanced_parens)?\s*krealloc\s*\(\s*($Lval)\s*,/ &&
7264		    $1 eq $3) {
7265			WARN("KREALLOC_ARG_REUSE",
7266			     "Reusing the krealloc arg is almost always a bug\n" . $herecurr);
7267		}
7268
7269# check for alloc argument mismatch
7270		if ($line =~ /\b((?:devm_)?((?:k|kv)?(calloc|malloc_array)(?:_node)?))\s*\(\s*sizeof\b/) {
7271			WARN("ALLOC_ARRAY_ARGS",
7272			     "$1 uses number as first arg, sizeof is generally wrong\n" . $herecurr);
7273		}
7274
7275# check for multiple semicolons
7276		if ($line =~ /;\s*;\s*$/) {
7277			if (WARN("ONE_SEMICOLON",
7278				 "Statements terminations use 1 semicolon\n" . $herecurr) &&
7279			    $fix) {
7280				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/(\s*;\s*){2,}$/;/g;
7281			}
7282		}
7283
7284# check for #defines like: 1 << <digit> that could be BIT(digit), it is not exported to uapi
7285		if ($realfile !~ m@^include/uapi/@ &&
7286		    $line =~ /#\s*define\s+\w+\s+\(?\s*1\s*([ulUL]*)\s*\<\<\s*(?:\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/) {
7287			my $ull = "";
7288			$ull = "_ULL" if (defined($1) && $1 =~ /ll/i);
7289			if (CHK("BIT_MACRO",
7290				"Prefer using the BIT$ull macro\n" . $herecurr) &&
7291			    $fix) {
7292				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\(?\s*1\s*[ulUL]*\s*<<\s*(\d+|$Ident)\s*\)?/BIT${ull}($1)/;
7293			}
7294		}
7295
7296# check for IS_ENABLED() without CONFIG_<FOO> ($rawline for comments too)
7297		if ($rawline =~ /\bIS_ENABLED\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*\)/ && $1 !~ /^${CONFIG_}/) {
7298			WARN("IS_ENABLED_CONFIG",
7299			     "IS_ENABLED($1) is normally used as IS_ENABLED(${CONFIG_}$1)\n" . $herecurr);
7300		}
7301
7302# check for #if defined CONFIG_<FOO> || defined CONFIG_<FOO>_MODULE
7303		if ($line =~ /^\+\s*#\s*if\s+defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)(${CONFIG_}[A-Z_]+)\s*\)?\s*\|\|\s*defined(?:\s*\(?\s*|\s+)\1_MODULE\s*\)?\s*$/) {
7304			my $config = $1;
7305			if (WARN("PREFER_IS_ENABLED",
7306				 "Prefer IS_ENABLED(<FOO>) to ${CONFIG_}<FOO> || ${CONFIG_}<FOO>_MODULE\n" . $herecurr) &&
7307			    $fix) {
7308				$fixed[$fixlinenr] = "\+#if IS_ENABLED($config)";
7309			}
7310		}
7311
7312# check for /* fallthrough */ like comment, prefer fallthrough;
7313		my @fallthroughs = (
7314			'fallthrough',
7315			'@fallthrough@',
7316			'lint -fallthrough[ \t]*',
7317			'intentional(?:ly)?[ \t]*fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)',
7318			'(?:else,?\s*)?FALL(?:S | |-)?THR(?:OUGH|U|EW)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7319			'Fall(?:(?:s | |-)[Tt]|t)hr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7320			'fall(?:s | |-)?thr(?:ough|u|ew)[ \t.!]*(?:-[^\n\r]*)?',
7321		    );
7322		if ($raw_comment ne '') {
7323			foreach my $ft (@fallthroughs) {
7324				if ($raw_comment =~ /$ft/) {
7325					my $msg_level = \&WARN;
7326					$msg_level = \&CHK if ($file);
7327					&{$msg_level}("PREFER_FALLTHROUGH",
7328						      "Prefer 'fallthrough;' over fallthrough comment\n" . $herecurr);
7329					last;
7330				}
7331			}
7332		}
7333
7334# check for switch/default statements without a break;
7335		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7336		    defined $stat &&
7337		    $stat =~ /^\+[$;\s]*(?:case[$;\s]+\w+[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*|)*[$;\s]*\bdefault[$;\s]*:[$;\s]*;/g) {
7338			my $cnt = statement_rawlines($stat);
7339			my $herectx = get_stat_here($linenr, $cnt, $here);
7340
7341			WARN("DEFAULT_NO_BREAK",
7342			     "switch default: should use break\n" . $herectx);
7343		}
7344
7345# check for gcc specific __FUNCTION__
7346		if ($line =~ /\b__FUNCTION__\b/) {
7347			if (WARN("USE_FUNC",
7348				 "__func__ should be used instead of gcc specific __FUNCTION__\n"  . $herecurr) &&
7349			    $fix) {
7350				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\b__FUNCTION__\b/__func__/g;
7351			}
7352		}
7353
7354# check for uses of __DATE__, __TIME__, __TIMESTAMP__
7355		while ($line =~ /\b(__(?:DATE|TIME|TIMESTAMP)__)\b/g) {
7356			ERROR("DATE_TIME",
7357			      "Use of the '$1' macro makes the build non-deterministic\n" . $herecurr);
7358		}
7359
7360# check for use of yield()
7361		if ($line =~ /\byield\s*\(\s*\)/) {
7362			WARN("YIELD",
7363			     "Using yield() is generally wrong. See yield() kernel-doc (sched/core.c)\n"  . $herecurr);
7364		}
7365
7366# check for comparisons against true and false
7367		if ($line =~ /\+\s*(.*?)\b(true|false|$Lval)\s*(==|\!=)\s*(true|false|$Lval)\b(.*)$/i) {
7368			my $lead = $1;
7369			my $arg = $2;
7370			my $test = $3;
7371			my $otype = $4;
7372			my $trail = $5;
7373			my $op = "!";
7374
7375			($arg, $otype) = ($otype, $arg) if ($arg =~ /^(?:true|false)$/i);
7376
7377			my $type = lc($otype);
7378			if ($type =~ /^(?:true|false)$/) {
7379				if (("$test" eq "==" && "$type" eq "true") ||
7380				    ("$test" eq "!=" && "$type" eq "false")) {
7381					$op = "";
7382				}
7383
7384				CHK("BOOL_COMPARISON",
7385				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone\n" . $herecurr);
7386
7387## maybe suggesting a correct construct would better
7388##				    "Using comparison to $otype is error prone.  Perhaps use '${lead}${op}${arg}${trail}'\n" . $herecurr);
7389
7390			}
7391		}
7392
7393# check for semaphores initialized locked
7394		if ($line =~ /^.\s*sema_init.+,\W?0\W?\)/) {
7395			WARN("CONSIDER_COMPLETION",
7396			     "consider using a completion\n" . $herecurr);
7397		}
7398
7399# recommend kstrto* over simple_strto* and strict_strto*
7400		if ($line =~ /\b((simple|strict)_(strto(l|ll|ul|ull)))\s*\(/) {
7401			WARN("CONSIDER_KSTRTO",
7402			     "$1 is obsolete, use k$3 instead\n" . $herecurr);
7403		}
7404
7405# check for __initcall(), use device_initcall() explicitly or more appropriate function please
7406		if ($line =~ /^.\s*__initcall\s*\(/) {
7407			WARN("USE_DEVICE_INITCALL",
7408			     "please use device_initcall() or more appropriate function instead of __initcall() (see include/linux/init.h)\n" . $herecurr);
7409		}
7410
7411# check for spin_is_locked(), suggest lockdep instead
7412		if ($line =~ /\bspin_is_locked\(/) {
7413			WARN("USE_LOCKDEP",
7414			     "Where possible, use lockdep_assert_held instead of assertions based on spin_is_locked\n" . $herecurr);
7415		}
7416
7417# check for deprecated apis
7418		if ($line =~ /\b($deprecated_apis_search)\b\s*\(/) {
7419			my $deprecated_api = $1;
7420			my $new_api = $deprecated_apis{$deprecated_api};
7421			WARN("DEPRECATED_API",
7422			     "Deprecated use of '$deprecated_api', prefer '$new_api' instead\n" . $herecurr);
7423		}
7424
7425# check for various structs that are normally const (ops, kgdb, device_tree)
7426# and avoid what seem like struct definitions 'struct foo {'
7427		if (defined($const_structs) &&
7428		    $line !~ /\bconst\b/ &&
7429		    $line =~ /\bstruct\s+($const_structs)\b(?!\s*\{)/) {
7430			WARN("CONST_STRUCT",
7431			     "struct $1 should normally be const\n" . $herecurr);
7432		}
7433
7434# use of NR_CPUS is usually wrong
7435# ignore definitions of NR_CPUS and usage to define arrays as likely right
7436# ignore designated initializers using NR_CPUS
7437		if ($line =~ /\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7438		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*if\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7439		    $line !~ /^.\s*\s*#\s*define\b.*\bNR_CPUS\b/ &&
7440		    $line !~ /^.\s*$Declare\s.*\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7441		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\]/ &&
7442		    $line !~ /\[[^\]]*NR_CPUS[^\]]*\.\.\.[^\]]*\]/ &&
7443		    $line !~ /^.\s*\.\w+\s*=\s*.*\bNR_CPUS\b/)
7444		{
7445			WARN("NR_CPUS",
7446			     "usage of NR_CPUS is often wrong - consider using cpu_possible(), num_possible_cpus(), for_each_possible_cpu(), etc\n" . $herecurr);
7447		}
7448
7449# Use of __ARCH_HAS_<FOO> or ARCH_HAVE_<BAR> is wrong.
7450		if ($line =~ /\+\s*#\s*define\s+((?:__)?ARCH_(?:HAS|HAVE)\w*)\b/) {
7451			ERROR("DEFINE_ARCH_HAS",
7452			      "#define of '$1' is wrong - use Kconfig variables or standard guards instead\n" . $herecurr);
7453		}
7454
7455# likely/unlikely comparisons similar to "(likely(foo) > 0)"
7456		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7457		    $line =~ /\b((?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*\)\s*$Compare/) {
7458			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7459			     "Using $1 should generally have parentheses around the comparison\n" . $herecurr);
7460		}
7461
7462# return sysfs_emit(foo, fmt, ...) fmt without newline
7463		if ($line =~ /\breturn\s+sysfs_emit\s*\(\s*$FuncArg\s*,\s*($String)/ &&
7464		    substr($rawline, $-[6], $+[6] - $-[6]) !~ /\\n"$/) {
7465			my $offset = $+[6] - 1;
7466			if (WARN("SYSFS_EMIT",
7467				 "return sysfs_emit(...) formats should include a terminating newline\n" . $herecurr) &&
7468			    $fix) {
7469				substr($fixed[$fixlinenr], $offset, 0) = '\\n';
7470			}
7471		}
7472
7473# check for array definition/declarations that should use flexible arrays instead
7474		if ($sline =~ /^[\+ ]\s*\}(?:\s*__packed)?\s*;\s*$/ &&
7475		    $prevline =~ /^\+\s*(?:\}(?:\s*__packed\s*)?|$Type)\s*$Ident\s*\[\s*(0|1)\s*\]\s*;\s*$/) {
7476			if (ERROR("FLEXIBLE_ARRAY",
7477				  "Use C99 flexible arrays - see https://docs.kernel.org/process/deprecated.html#zero-length-and-one-element-arrays\n" . $hereprev) &&
7478			    $1 == '0' && $fix) {
7479				$fixed[$fixlinenr - 1] =~ s/\[\s*0\s*\]/[]/;
7480			}
7481		}
7482
7483# nested likely/unlikely calls
7484		if ($line =~ /\b(?:(?:un)?likely)\s*\(\s*!?\s*(IS_ERR(?:_OR_NULL|_VALUE)?|WARN)/) {
7485			WARN("LIKELY_MISUSE",
7486			     "nested (un)?likely() calls, $1 already uses unlikely() internally\n" . $herecurr);
7487		}
7488
7489# whine mightly about in_atomic
7490		if ($line =~ /\bin_atomic\s*\(/) {
7491			if ($realfile =~ m@^drivers/@) {
7492				ERROR("IN_ATOMIC",
7493				      "do not use in_atomic in drivers\n" . $herecurr);
7494			} elsif ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/@) {
7495				WARN("IN_ATOMIC",
7496				     "use of in_atomic() is incorrect outside core kernel code\n" . $herecurr);
7497			}
7498		}
7499
7500# Complain about RCU Tasks Trace used outside of BPF (and of course, RCU).
7501		our $rcu_trace_funcs = qr{(?x:
7502			rcu_read_lock_trace |
7503			rcu_read_lock_trace_held |
7504			rcu_read_unlock_trace |
7505			call_rcu_tasks_trace |
7506			synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace |
7507			rcu_barrier_tasks_trace |
7508			rcu_request_urgent_qs_task
7509		)};
7510		our $rcu_trace_paths = qr{(?x:
7511			kernel/bpf/ |
7512			include/linux/bpf |
7513			net/bpf/ |
7514			kernel/rcu/ |
7515			include/linux/rcu
7516		)};
7517		if ($line =~ /\b($rcu_trace_funcs)\s*\(/) {
7518			if ($realfile !~ m{^$rcu_trace_paths}) {
7519				WARN("RCU_TASKS_TRACE",
7520				     "use of RCU tasks trace is incorrect outside BPF or core RCU code\n" . $herecurr);
7521			}
7522		}
7523
7524# check for lockdep_set_novalidate_class
7525		if ($line =~ /^.\s*lockdep_set_novalidate_class\s*\(/ ||
7526		    $line =~ /__lockdep_no_validate__\s*\)/ ) {
7527			if ($realfile !~ m@^kernel/lockdep@ &&
7528			    $realfile !~ m@^include/linux/lockdep@ &&
7529			    $realfile !~ m@^drivers/base/core@) {
7530				ERROR("LOCKDEP",
7531				      "lockdep_no_validate class is reserved for device->mutex.\n" . $herecurr);
7532			}
7533		}
7534
7535		if ($line =~ /debugfs_create_\w+.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/ ||
7536		    $line =~ /DEVICE_ATTR.*\b$mode_perms_world_writable\b/) {
7537			WARN("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7538			     "Exporting world writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . $herecurr);
7539		}
7540
7541# check for DEVICE_ATTR uses that could be DEVICE_ATTR_<FOO>
7542# and whether or not function naming is typical and if
7543# DEVICE_ATTR permissions uses are unusual too
7544		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7545		    defined $stat &&
7546		    $stat =~ /\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*\(?\s*(\s*(?:${multi_mode_perms_string_search}|0[0-7]{3,3})\s*)\s*\)?\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*(\w+)\s*\)/) {
7547			my $var = $1;
7548			my $perms = $2;
7549			my $show = $3;
7550			my $store = $4;
7551			my $octal_perms = perms_to_octal($perms);
7552			if ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7553			    $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7554			    $octal_perms eq "0644") {
7555				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RW",
7556					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RW\n" . $herecurr) &&
7557				    $fix) {
7558					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RW(${var})/;
7559				}
7560			} elsif ($show =~ /^${var}_show$/ &&
7561				 $store =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7562				 $octal_perms eq "0444") {
7563				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_RO",
7564					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_RO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7565				    $fix) {
7566					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*$show\s*,\s*NULL\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_RO(${var})/;
7567				}
7568			} elsif ($show =~ /^NULL$/ &&
7569				 $store =~ /^${var}_store$/ &&
7570				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7571				if (WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_WO",
7572					 "Use DEVICE_ATTR_WO\n" . $herecurr) &&
7573				    $fix) {
7574					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*$var\s*,\s*\Q$perms\E\s*,\s*NULL\s*,\s*$store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_WO(${var})/;
7575				}
7576			} elsif ($octal_perms eq "0644" ||
7577				 $octal_perms eq "0444" ||
7578				 $octal_perms eq "0200") {
7579				my $newshow = "$show";
7580				$newshow = "${var}_show" if ($show ne "NULL" && $show ne "${var}_show");
7581				my $newstore = $store;
7582				$newstore = "${var}_store" if ($store ne "NULL" && $store ne "${var}_store");
7583				my $rename = "";
7584				if ($show ne $newshow) {
7585					$rename .= " '$show' to '$newshow'";
7586				}
7587				if ($store ne $newstore) {
7588					$rename .= " '$store' to '$newstore'";
7589				}
7590				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_FUNCTIONS",
7591				     "Consider renaming function(s)$rename\n" . $herecurr);
7592			} else {
7593				WARN("DEVICE_ATTR_PERMS",
7594				     "DEVICE_ATTR unusual permissions '$perms' used\n" . $herecurr);
7595			}
7596		}
7597
7598# Mode permission misuses where it seems decimal should be octal
7599# This uses a shortcut match to avoid unnecessary uses of a slow foreach loop
7600# o Ignore module_param*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that has a
7601#   specific definition of not visible in sysfs.
7602# o Ignore proc_create*(...) uses with a decimal 0 permission as that means
7603#   use the default permissions
7604		if ($perl_version_ok &&
7605		    defined $stat &&
7606		    $line =~ /$mode_perms_search/) {
7607			foreach my $entry (@mode_permission_funcs) {
7608				my $func = $entry->[0];
7609				my $arg_pos = $entry->[1];
7610
7611				my $lc = $stat =~ tr@\n@@;
7612				$lc = $lc + $linenr;
7613				my $stat_real = get_stat_real($linenr, $lc);
7614
7615				my $skip_args = "";
7616				if ($arg_pos > 1) {
7617					$arg_pos--;
7618					$skip_args = "(?:\\s*$FuncArg\\s*,\\s*){$arg_pos,$arg_pos}";
7619				}
7620				my $test = "\\b$func\\s*\\(${skip_args}($FuncArg(?:\\|\\s*$FuncArg)*)\\s*[,\\)]";
7621				if ($stat =~ /$test/) {
7622					my $val = $1;
7623					$val = $6 if ($skip_args ne "");
7624					if (!($func =~ /^(?:module_param|proc_create)/ && $val eq "0") &&
7625					    (($val =~ /^$Int$/ && $val !~ /^$Octal$/) ||
7626					     ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && length($val) ne 4))) {
7627						ERROR("NON_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS",
7628						      "Use 4 digit octal (0777) not decimal permissions\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7629					}
7630					if ($val =~ /^$Octal$/ && (oct($val) & 02)) {
7631						ERROR("EXPORTED_WORLD_WRITABLE",
7632						      "Exporting writable files is usually an error. Consider more restrictive permissions.\n" . "$here\n" . $stat_real);
7633					}
7634				}
7635			}
7636		}
7637
7638# check for uses of S_<PERMS> that could be octal for readability
7639		while ($line =~ m{\b($multi_mode_perms_string_search)\b}g) {
7640			my $oval = $1;
7641			my $octal = perms_to_octal($oval);
7642			if (WARN("SYMBOLIC_PERMS",
7643				 "Symbolic permissions '$oval' are not preferred. Consider using octal permissions '$octal'.\n" . $herecurr) &&
7644			    $fix) {
7645				$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\Q$oval\E/$octal/;
7646			}
7647		}
7648
7649# validate content of MODULE_LICENSE against list from include/linux/module.h
7650		if ($line =~ /\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*($String)\s*\)/) {
7651			my $extracted_string = get_quoted_string($line, $rawline);
7652			my $valid_licenses = qr{
7653						GPL|
7654						GPL\ v2|
7655						GPL\ and\ additional\ rights|
7656						Dual\ BSD/GPL|
7657						Dual\ MIT/GPL|
7658						Dual\ MPL/GPL|
7659						Proprietary
7660					}x;
7661			if ($extracted_string !~ /^"(?:$valid_licenses)"$/x) {
7662				WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7663				     "unknown module license " . $extracted_string . "\n" . $herecurr);
7664			}
7665			if (!$file && $extracted_string eq '"GPL v2"') {
7666				if (WARN("MODULE_LICENSE",
7667				     "Prefer \"GPL\" over \"GPL v2\" - see commit bf7fbeeae6db (\"module: Cure the MODULE_LICENSE \"GPL\" vs. \"GPL v2\" bogosity\")\n" . $herecurr) &&
7668				    $fix) {
7669					$fixed[$fixlinenr] =~ s/\bMODULE_LICENSE\s*\(\s*"GPL v2"\s*\)/MODULE_LICENSE("GPL")/;
7670				}
7671			}
7672		}
7673
7674# check for sysctl duplicate constants
7675		if ($line =~ /\.extra[12]\s*=\s*&(zero|one|int_max)\b/) {
7676			WARN("DUPLICATED_SYSCTL_CONST",
7677				"duplicated sysctl range checking value '$1', consider using the shared one in include/linux/sysctl.h\n" . $herecurr);
7678		}
7679	}
7680
7681	# If we have no input at all, then there is nothing to report on
7682	# so just keep quiet.
7683	if ($#rawlines == -1) {
7684		exit(0);
7685	}
7686
7687	# In mailback mode only produce a report in the negative, for
7688	# things that appear to be patches.
7689	if ($mailback && ($clean == 1 || !$is_patch)) {
7690		exit(0);
7691	}
7692
7693	# This is not a patch, and we are in 'no-patch' mode so
7694	# just keep quiet.
7695	if (!$chk_patch && !$is_patch) {
7696		exit(0);
7697	}
7698
7699	if (!$is_patch && $filename !~ /cover-letter\.patch$/) {
7700		ERROR("NOT_UNIFIED_DIFF",
7701		      "Does not appear to be a unified-diff format patch\n");
7702	}
7703	if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_fixes_tag) {
7704		if ($needs_fixes_tag ne "" && !$is_revert && !$fixes_tag) {
7705			WARN("MISSING_FIXES_TAG",
7706				 "The commit message has '$needs_fixes_tag', perhaps it also needs a 'Fixes:' tag?\n");
7707		}
7708	}
7709	if ($is_patch && $has_commit_log && $chk_signoff) {
7710		if ($signoff == 0) {
7711			ERROR("MISSING_SIGN_OFF",
7712			      "Missing Signed-off-by: line(s)\n");
7713		} elsif ($authorsignoff != 1) {
7714			# authorsignoff values:
7715			# 0 -> missing sign off
7716			# 1 -> sign off identical
7717			# 2 -> names and addresses match, comments mismatch
7718			# 3 -> addresses match, names different
7719			# 4 -> names match, addresses different
7720			# 5 -> names match, addresses excluding subaddress details (refer RFC 5233) match
7721
7722			my $sob_msg = "'From: $author' != 'Signed-off-by: $author_sob'";
7723
7724			if ($authorsignoff == 0) {
7725				ERROR("NO_AUTHOR_SIGN_OFF",
7726				      "Missing Signed-off-by: line by nominal patch author '$author'\n");
7727			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 2) {
7728				CHK("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7729				    "From:/Signed-off-by: email comments mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7730			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 3) {
7731				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7732				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email name mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7733			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 4) {
7734				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7735				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email address mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7736			} elsif ($authorsignoff == 5) {
7737				WARN("FROM_SIGN_OFF_MISMATCH",
7738				     "From:/Signed-off-by: email subaddress mismatch: $sob_msg\n");
7739			}
7740		}
7741	}
7742
7743	print report_dump();
7744	if ($summary && !($clean == 1 && $quiet == 1)) {
7745		print "$filename " if ($summary_file);
7746		print "total: $cnt_error errors, $cnt_warn warnings, " .
7747			(($check)? "$cnt_chk checks, " : "") .
7748			"$cnt_lines lines checked\n";
7749	}
7750
7751	if ($quiet == 0) {
7752		# If there were any defects found and not already fixing them
7753		if (!$clean and !$fix) {
7754			print << "EOM"
7755
7756NOTE: For some of the reported defects, checkpatch may be able to
7757      mechanically convert to the typical style using --fix or --fix-inplace.
7758EOM
7759		}
7760		# If there were whitespace errors which cleanpatch can fix
7761		# then suggest that.
7762		if ($rpt_cleaners) {
7763			$rpt_cleaners = 0;
7764			print << "EOM"
7765
7766NOTE: Whitespace errors detected.
7767      You may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile
7768EOM
7769		}
7770	}
7771
7772	if ($clean == 0 && $fix &&
7773	    ("@rawlines" ne "@fixed" ||
7774	     $#fixed_inserted >= 0 || $#fixed_deleted >= 0)) {
7775		my $newfile = $filename;
7776		$newfile .= ".EXPERIMENTAL-checkpatch-fixes" if (!$fix_inplace);
7777		my $linecount = 0;
7778		my $f;
7779
7780		@fixed = fix_inserted_deleted_lines(\@fixed, \@fixed_inserted, \@fixed_deleted);
7781
7782		open($f, '>', $newfile)
7783		    or die "$P: Can't open $newfile for write\n";
7784		foreach my $fixed_line (@fixed) {
7785			$linecount++;
7786			if ($file) {
7787				if ($linecount > 3) {
7788					$fixed_line =~ s/^\+//;
7789					print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7790				}
7791			} else {
7792				print $f $fixed_line . "\n";
7793			}
7794		}
7795		close($f);
7796
7797		if (!$quiet) {
7798			print << "EOM";
7799
7800Wrote EXPERIMENTAL --fix correction(s) to '$newfile'
7801
7802Do _NOT_ trust the results written to this file.
7803Do _NOT_ submit these changes without inspecting them for correctness.
7804
7805This EXPERIMENTAL file is simply a convenience to help rewrite patches.
7806No warranties, expressed or implied...
7807EOM
7808		}
7809	}
7810
7811	if ($quiet == 0) {
7812		print "\n";
7813		if ($clean == 1) {
7814			print "$vname has no obvious style problems and is ready for submission.\n";
7815		} else {
7816			print "$vname has style problems, please review.\n";
7817		}
7818	}
7819	return $clean;
7820}