1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
   2#define pr_fmt(fmt) "SMP alternatives: " fmt
   3
   4#include <linux/module.h>
   5#include <linux/sched.h>
   6#include <linux/perf_event.h>
   7#include <linux/mutex.h>
   8#include <linux/list.h>
   9#include <linux/stringify.h>
  10#include <linux/highmem.h>
  11#include <linux/mm.h>
  12#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
  13#include <linux/memory.h>
  14#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
  15#include <linux/slab.h>
  16#include <linux/kdebug.h>
  17#include <linux/kprobes.h>
  18#include <linux/mmu_context.h>
  19#include <linux/bsearch.h>
  20#include <linux/sync_core.h>
  21#include <asm/text-patching.h>
  22#include <asm/alternative.h>
  23#include <asm/sections.h>
 
  24#include <asm/mce.h>
  25#include <asm/nmi.h>
  26#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  27#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
  28#include <asm/insn.h>
  29#include <asm/io.h>
  30#include <asm/fixmap.h>
  31#include <asm/paravirt.h>
  32#include <asm/asm-prototypes.h>
  33#include <asm/cfi.h>
  34
  35int __read_mostly alternatives_patched;
  36
  37EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alternatives_patched);
  38
  39#define MAX_PATCH_LEN (255-1)
  40
  41#define DA_ALL		(~0)
  42#define DA_ALT		0x01
  43#define DA_RET		0x02
  44#define DA_RETPOLINE	0x04
  45#define DA_ENDBR	0x08
  46#define DA_SMP		0x10
  47
  48static unsigned int debug_alternative;
  49
  50static int __init debug_alt(char *str)
  51{
  52	if (str && *str == '=')
  53		str++;
  54
  55	if (!str || kstrtouint(str, 0, &debug_alternative))
  56		debug_alternative = DA_ALL;
  57
  58	return 1;
  59}
  60__setup("debug-alternative", debug_alt);
  61
  62static int noreplace_smp;
  63
  64static int __init setup_noreplace_smp(char *str)
  65{
  66	noreplace_smp = 1;
  67	return 1;
  68}
  69__setup("noreplace-smp", setup_noreplace_smp);
  70
  71#define DPRINTK(type, fmt, args...)					\
  72do {									\
  73	if (debug_alternative & DA_##type)				\
  74		printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt) "\n", ##args);		\
  75} while (0)
  76
  77#define DUMP_BYTES(type, buf, len, fmt, args...)			\
  78do {									\
  79	if (unlikely(debug_alternative & DA_##type)) {			\
  80		int j;							\
  81									\
  82		if (!(len))						\
  83			break;						\
  84									\
  85		printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##args);			\
  86		for (j = 0; j < (len) - 1; j++)				\
  87			printk(KERN_CONT "%02hhx ", buf[j]);		\
  88		printk(KERN_CONT "%02hhx\n", buf[j]);			\
  89	}								\
  90} while (0)
  91
  92static const unsigned char x86nops[] =
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  93{
  94	BYTES_NOP1,
  95	BYTES_NOP2,
  96	BYTES_NOP3,
  97	BYTES_NOP4,
  98	BYTES_NOP5,
  99	BYTES_NOP6,
 100	BYTES_NOP7,
 101	BYTES_NOP8,
 102#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 103	BYTES_NOP9,
 104	BYTES_NOP10,
 105	BYTES_NOP11,
 106#endif
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 107};
 
 108
 109const unsigned char * const x86_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] =
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 110{
 111	NULL,
 112	x86nops,
 113	x86nops + 1,
 114	x86nops + 1 + 2,
 115	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3,
 116	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
 117	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
 118	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
 119	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
 120#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 121	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8,
 122	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9,
 123	x86nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10,
 124#endif
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 125};
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 126
 127/*
 128 * Nomenclature for variable names to simplify and clarify this code and ease
 129 * any potential staring at it:
 130 *
 131 * @instr: source address of the original instructions in the kernel text as
 132 * generated by the compiler.
 133 *
 134 * @buf: temporary buffer on which the patching operates. This buffer is
 135 * eventually text-poked into the kernel image.
 136 *
 137 * @replacement/@repl: pointer to the opcodes which are replacing @instr, located
 138 * in the .altinstr_replacement section.
 139 */
 140
 141/*
 142 * Fill the buffer with a single effective instruction of size @len.
 143 *
 144 * In order not to issue an ORC stack depth tracking CFI entry (Call Frame Info)
 145 * for every single-byte NOP, try to generate the maximally available NOP of
 146 * size <= ASM_NOP_MAX such that only a single CFI entry is generated (vs one for
 147 * each single-byte NOPs). If @len to fill out is > ASM_NOP_MAX, pad with INT3 and
 148 * *jump* over instead of executing long and daft NOPs.
 149 */
 150static void add_nop(u8 *buf, unsigned int len)
 151{
 152	u8 *target = buf + len;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 153
 154	if (!len)
 155		return;
 
 
 
 156
 157	if (len <= ASM_NOP_MAX) {
 158		memcpy(buf, x86_nops[len], len);
 159		return;
 160	}
 161
 162	if (len < 128) {
 163		__text_gen_insn(buf, JMP8_INSN_OPCODE, buf, target, JMP8_INSN_SIZE);
 164		buf += JMP8_INSN_SIZE;
 165	} else {
 166		__text_gen_insn(buf, JMP32_INSN_OPCODE, buf, target, JMP32_INSN_SIZE);
 167		buf += JMP32_INSN_SIZE;
 
 
 
 
 
 168	}
 169
 170	for (;buf < target; buf++)
 171		*buf = INT3_INSN_OPCODE;
 172}
 173
 174extern s32 __retpoline_sites[], __retpoline_sites_end[];
 175extern s32 __return_sites[], __return_sites_end[];
 176extern s32 __cfi_sites[], __cfi_sites_end[];
 177extern s32 __ibt_endbr_seal[], __ibt_endbr_seal_end[];
 178extern s32 __smp_locks[], __smp_locks_end[];
 179void text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len);
 180
 181/*
 182 * Matches NOP and NOPL, not any of the other possible NOPs.
 183 */
 184static bool insn_is_nop(struct insn *insn)
 185{
 186	/* Anything NOP, but no REP NOP */
 187	if (insn->opcode.bytes[0] == 0x90 &&
 188	    (!insn->prefixes.nbytes || insn->prefixes.bytes[0] != 0xF3))
 189		return true;
 190
 191	/* NOPL */
 192	if (insn->opcode.bytes[0] == 0x0F && insn->opcode.bytes[1] == 0x1F)
 193		return true;
 194
 195	/* TODO: more nops */
 196
 197	return false;
 198}
 199
 
 
 
 
 200/*
 201 * Find the offset of the first non-NOP instruction starting at @offset
 202 * but no further than @len.
 203 */
 204static int skip_nops(u8 *buf, int offset, int len)
 205{
 206	struct insn insn;
 207
 208	for (; offset < len; offset += insn.length) {
 209		if (insn_decode_kernel(&insn, &buf[offset]))
 210			break;
 211
 212		if (!insn_is_nop(&insn))
 213			break;
 214	}
 215
 216	return offset;
 217}
 218
 219/*
 220 * "noinline" to cause control flow change and thus invalidate I$ and
 221 * cause refetch after modification.
 222 */
 223static void noinline optimize_nops(const u8 * const instr, u8 *buf, size_t len)
 224{
 225	for (int next, i = 0; i < len; i = next) {
 226		struct insn insn;
 227
 228		if (insn_decode_kernel(&insn, &buf[i]))
 229			return;
 230
 231		next = i + insn.length;
 232
 233		if (insn_is_nop(&insn)) {
 234			int nop = i;
 235
 236			/* Has the NOP already been optimized? */
 237			if (i + insn.length == len)
 238				return;
 239
 240			next = skip_nops(buf, next, len);
 241
 242			add_nop(buf + nop, next - nop);
 243			DUMP_BYTES(ALT, buf, len, "%px: [%d:%d) optimized NOPs: ", instr, nop, next);
 244		}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 245	}
 246}
 247
 248/*
 249 * In this context, "source" is where the instructions are placed in the
 250 * section .altinstr_replacement, for example during kernel build by the
 251 * toolchain.
 252 * "Destination" is where the instructions are being patched in by this
 253 * machinery.
 254 *
 255 * The source offset is:
 256 *
 257 *   src_imm = target - src_next_ip                  (1)
 258 *
 259 * and the target offset is:
 260 *
 261 *   dst_imm = target - dst_next_ip                  (2)
 262 *
 263 * so rework (1) as an expression for target like:
 264 *
 265 *   target = src_imm + src_next_ip                  (1a)
 266 *
 267 * and substitute in (2) to get:
 268 *
 269 *   dst_imm = (src_imm + src_next_ip) - dst_next_ip (3)
 270 *
 271 * Now, since the instruction stream is 'identical' at src and dst (it
 272 * is being copied after all) it can be stated that:
 273 *
 274 *   src_next_ip = src + ip_offset
 275 *   dst_next_ip = dst + ip_offset                   (4)
 276 *
 277 * Substitute (4) in (3) and observe ip_offset being cancelled out to
 278 * obtain:
 279 *
 280 *   dst_imm = src_imm + (src + ip_offset) - (dst + ip_offset)
 281 *           = src_imm + src - dst + ip_offset - ip_offset
 282 *           = src_imm + src - dst                   (5)
 283 *
 284 * IOW, only the relative displacement of the code block matters.
 285 */
 286
 287#define apply_reloc_n(n_, p_, d_)				\
 288	do {							\
 289		s32 v = *(s##n_ *)(p_);				\
 290		v += (d_);					\
 291		BUG_ON((v >> 31) != (v >> (n_-1)));		\
 292		*(s##n_ *)(p_) = (s##n_)v;			\
 293	} while (0)
 294
 295
 296static __always_inline
 297void apply_reloc(int n, void *ptr, uintptr_t diff)
 298{
 299	switch (n) {
 300	case 1: apply_reloc_n(8, ptr, diff); break;
 301	case 2: apply_reloc_n(16, ptr, diff); break;
 302	case 4: apply_reloc_n(32, ptr, diff); break;
 303	default: BUG();
 304	}
 305}
 306
 307static __always_inline
 308bool need_reloc(unsigned long offset, u8 *src, size_t src_len)
 309{
 310	u8 *target = src + offset;
 311	/*
 312	 * If the target is inside the patched block, it's relative to the
 313	 * block itself and does not need relocation.
 314	 */
 315	return (target < src || target > src + src_len);
 316}
 317
 318static void __apply_relocation(u8 *buf, const u8 * const instr, size_t instrlen, u8 *repl, size_t repl_len)
 319{
 320	for (int next, i = 0; i < instrlen; i = next) {
 321		struct insn insn;
 322
 323		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(insn_decode_kernel(&insn, &buf[i])))
 324			return;
 325
 326		next = i + insn.length;
 327
 328		switch (insn.opcode.bytes[0]) {
 329		case 0x0f:
 330			if (insn.opcode.bytes[1] < 0x80 ||
 331			    insn.opcode.bytes[1] > 0x8f)
 332				break;
 333
 334			fallthrough;	/* Jcc.d32 */
 335		case 0x70 ... 0x7f:	/* Jcc.d8 */
 336		case JMP8_INSN_OPCODE:
 337		case JMP32_INSN_OPCODE:
 338		case CALL_INSN_OPCODE:
 339			if (need_reloc(next + insn.immediate.value, repl, repl_len)) {
 340				apply_reloc(insn.immediate.nbytes,
 341					    buf + i + insn_offset_immediate(&insn),
 342					    repl - instr);
 343			}
 344
 345			/*
 346			 * Where possible, convert JMP.d32 into JMP.d8.
 347			 */
 348			if (insn.opcode.bytes[0] == JMP32_INSN_OPCODE) {
 349				s32 imm = insn.immediate.value;
 350				imm += repl - instr;
 351				imm += JMP32_INSN_SIZE - JMP8_INSN_SIZE;
 352				if ((imm >> 31) == (imm >> 7)) {
 353					buf[i+0] = JMP8_INSN_OPCODE;
 354					buf[i+1] = (s8)imm;
 355
 356					memset(&buf[i+2], INT3_INSN_OPCODE, insn.length - 2);
 357				}
 358			}
 359			break;
 360		}
 361
 362		if (insn_rip_relative(&insn)) {
 363			if (need_reloc(next + insn.displacement.value, repl, repl_len)) {
 364				apply_reloc(insn.displacement.nbytes,
 365					    buf + i + insn_offset_displacement(&insn),
 366					    repl - instr);
 367			}
 368		}
 369	}
 370}
 371
 372void apply_relocation(u8 *buf, const u8 * const instr, size_t instrlen, u8 *repl, size_t repl_len)
 373{
 374	__apply_relocation(buf, instr, instrlen, repl, repl_len);
 375	optimize_nops(instr, buf, instrlen);
 376}
 377
 378/* Low-level backend functions usable from alternative code replacements. */
 379DEFINE_ASM_FUNC(nop_func, "", .entry.text);
 380EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nop_func);
 381
 382noinstr void BUG_func(void)
 383{
 384	BUG();
 385}
 386EXPORT_SYMBOL(BUG_func);
 387
 388#define CALL_RIP_REL_OPCODE	0xff
 389#define CALL_RIP_REL_MODRM	0x15
 390
 391/*
 392 * Rewrite the "call BUG_func" replacement to point to the target of the
 393 * indirect pv_ops call "call *disp(%ip)".
 394 */
 395static int alt_replace_call(u8 *instr, u8 *insn_buff, struct alt_instr *a,
 396			    struct module *mod)
 397{
 398	u8 *wr_instr = module_writable_address(mod, instr);
 399	void *target, *bug = &BUG_func;
 400	s32 disp;
 401
 402	if (a->replacementlen != 5 || insn_buff[0] != CALL_INSN_OPCODE) {
 403		pr_err("ALT_FLAG_DIRECT_CALL set for a non-call replacement instruction\n");
 404		BUG();
 405	}
 406
 407	if (a->instrlen != 6 ||
 408	    wr_instr[0] != CALL_RIP_REL_OPCODE ||
 409	    wr_instr[1] != CALL_RIP_REL_MODRM) {
 410		pr_err("ALT_FLAG_DIRECT_CALL set for unrecognized indirect call\n");
 411		BUG();
 412	}
 413
 414	/* Skip CALL_RIP_REL_OPCODE and CALL_RIP_REL_MODRM */
 415	disp = *(s32 *)(wr_instr + 2);
 416#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 417	/* ff 15 00 00 00 00   call   *0x0(%rip) */
 418	/* target address is stored at "next instruction + disp". */
 419	target = *(void **)(instr + a->instrlen + disp);
 420#else
 421	/* ff 15 00 00 00 00   call   *0x0 */
 422	/* target address is stored at disp. */
 423	target = *(void **)disp;
 424#endif
 425	if (!target)
 426		target = bug;
 427
 428	/* (BUG_func - .) + (target - BUG_func) := target - . */
 429	*(s32 *)(insn_buff + 1) += target - bug;
 430
 431	if (target == &nop_func)
 432		return 0;
 433
 434	return 5;
 435}
 436
 437static inline u8 * instr_va(struct alt_instr *i)
 438{
 439	return (u8 *)&i->instr_offset + i->instr_offset;
 440}
 441
 442/*
 443 * Replace instructions with better alternatives for this CPU type. This runs
 444 * before SMP is initialized to avoid SMP problems with self modifying code.
 445 * This implies that asymmetric systems where APs have less capabilities than
 446 * the boot processor are not handled. Tough. Make sure you disable such
 447 * features by hand.
 448 *
 449 * Marked "noinline" to cause control flow change and thus insn cache
 450 * to refetch changed I$ lines.
 451 */
 452void __init_or_module noinline apply_alternatives(struct alt_instr *start,
 453						  struct alt_instr *end,
 454						  struct module *mod)
 455{
 456	u8 insn_buff[MAX_PATCH_LEN];
 457	u8 *instr, *replacement;
 458	struct alt_instr *a, *b;
 459
 460	DPRINTK(ALT, "alt table %px, -> %px", start, end);
 461
 462	/*
 463	 * In the case CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL=y, KASAN_SHADOW_START is defined using
 464	 * cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_LA57) and is therefore patched here.
 465	 * During the process, KASAN becomes confused seeing partial LA57
 466	 * conversion and triggers a false-positive out-of-bound report.
 467	 *
 468	 * Disable KASAN until the patching is complete.
 469	 */
 470	kasan_disable_current();
 471
 
 472	/*
 473	 * The scan order should be from start to end. A later scanned
 474	 * alternative code can overwrite previously scanned alternative code.
 475	 * Some kernel functions (e.g. memcpy, memset, etc) use this order to
 476	 * patch code.
 477	 *
 478	 * So be careful if you want to change the scan order to any other
 479	 * order.
 480	 */
 481	for (a = start; a < end; a++) {
 482		int insn_buff_sz = 0;
 483		u8 *wr_instr, *wr_replacement;
 484
 485		/*
 486		 * In case of nested ALTERNATIVE()s the outer alternative might
 487		 * add more padding. To ensure consistent patching find the max
 488		 * padding for all alt_instr entries for this site (nested
 489		 * alternatives result in consecutive entries).
 490		 */
 491		for (b = a+1; b < end && instr_va(b) == instr_va(a); b++) {
 492			u8 len = max(a->instrlen, b->instrlen);
 493			a->instrlen = b->instrlen = len;
 494		}
 495
 496		instr = instr_va(a);
 497		wr_instr = module_writable_address(mod, instr);
 498
 
 499		replacement = (u8 *)&a->repl_offset + a->repl_offset;
 500		wr_replacement = module_writable_address(mod, replacement);
 501
 502		BUG_ON(a->instrlen > sizeof(insn_buff));
 503		BUG_ON(a->cpuid >= (NCAPINTS + NBUGINTS) * 32);
 
 
 
 504
 505		/*
 506		 * Patch if either:
 507		 * - feature is present
 508		 * - feature not present but ALT_FLAG_NOT is set to mean,
 509		 *   patch if feature is *NOT* present.
 510		 */
 511		if (!boot_cpu_has(a->cpuid) == !(a->flags & ALT_FLAG_NOT)) {
 512			memcpy(insn_buff, wr_instr, a->instrlen);
 513			optimize_nops(instr, insn_buff, a->instrlen);
 514			text_poke_early(wr_instr, insn_buff, a->instrlen);
 515			continue;
 516		}
 517
 518		DPRINTK(ALT, "feat: %d*32+%d, old: (%pS (%px) len: %d), repl: (%px, len: %d) flags: 0x%x",
 519			a->cpuid >> 5,
 520			a->cpuid & 0x1f,
 521			instr, instr, a->instrlen,
 522			replacement, a->replacementlen, a->flags);
 523
 524		memcpy(insn_buff, wr_replacement, a->replacementlen);
 525		insn_buff_sz = a->replacementlen;
 526
 527		if (a->flags & ALT_FLAG_DIRECT_CALL) {
 528			insn_buff_sz = alt_replace_call(instr, insn_buff, a,
 529							mod);
 530			if (insn_buff_sz < 0)
 531				continue;
 532		}
 533
 534		for (; insn_buff_sz < a->instrlen; insn_buff_sz++)
 535			insn_buff[insn_buff_sz] = 0x90;
 536
 537		apply_relocation(insn_buff, instr, a->instrlen, replacement, a->replacementlen);
 538
 539		DUMP_BYTES(ALT, wr_instr, a->instrlen, "%px:   old_insn: ", instr);
 540		DUMP_BYTES(ALT, replacement, a->replacementlen, "%px:   rpl_insn: ", replacement);
 541		DUMP_BYTES(ALT, insn_buff, insn_buff_sz, "%px: final_insn: ", instr);
 542
 543		text_poke_early(wr_instr, insn_buff, insn_buff_sz);
 544	}
 545
 546	kasan_enable_current();
 547}
 548
 549static inline bool is_jcc32(struct insn *insn)
 550{
 551	/* Jcc.d32 second opcode byte is in the range: 0x80-0x8f */
 552	return insn->opcode.bytes[0] == 0x0f && (insn->opcode.bytes[1] & 0xf0) == 0x80;
 553}
 554
 555#if defined(CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETPOLINE) && defined(CONFIG_OBJTOOL)
 556
 557/*
 558 * CALL/JMP *%\reg
 559 */
 560static int emit_indirect(int op, int reg, u8 *bytes)
 561{
 562	int i = 0;
 563	u8 modrm;
 564
 565	switch (op) {
 566	case CALL_INSN_OPCODE:
 567		modrm = 0x10; /* Reg = 2; CALL r/m */
 568		break;
 569
 570	case JMP32_INSN_OPCODE:
 571		modrm = 0x20; /* Reg = 4; JMP r/m */
 572		break;
 573
 574	default:
 575		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
 576		return -1;
 577	}
 578
 579	if (reg >= 8) {
 580		bytes[i++] = 0x41; /* REX.B prefix */
 581		reg -= 8;
 582	}
 583
 584	modrm |= 0xc0; /* Mod = 3 */
 585	modrm += reg;
 586
 587	bytes[i++] = 0xff; /* opcode */
 588	bytes[i++] = modrm;
 589
 590	return i;
 591}
 592
 593static int emit_call_track_retpoline(void *addr, struct insn *insn, int reg, u8 *bytes)
 594{
 595	u8 op = insn->opcode.bytes[0];
 596	int i = 0;
 597
 598	/*
 599	 * Clang does 'weird' Jcc __x86_indirect_thunk_r11 conditional
 600	 * tail-calls. Deal with them.
 601	 */
 602	if (is_jcc32(insn)) {
 603		bytes[i++] = op;
 604		op = insn->opcode.bytes[1];
 605		goto clang_jcc;
 606	}
 607
 608	if (insn->length == 6)
 609		bytes[i++] = 0x2e; /* CS-prefix */
 610
 611	switch (op) {
 612	case CALL_INSN_OPCODE:
 613		__text_gen_insn(bytes+i, op, addr+i,
 614				__x86_indirect_call_thunk_array[reg],
 615				CALL_INSN_SIZE);
 616		i += CALL_INSN_SIZE;
 617		break;
 618
 619	case JMP32_INSN_OPCODE:
 620clang_jcc:
 621		__text_gen_insn(bytes+i, op, addr+i,
 622				__x86_indirect_jump_thunk_array[reg],
 623				JMP32_INSN_SIZE);
 624		i += JMP32_INSN_SIZE;
 625		break;
 626
 627	default:
 628		WARN(1, "%pS %px %*ph\n", addr, addr, 6, addr);
 629		return -1;
 630	}
 631
 632	WARN_ON_ONCE(i != insn->length);
 633
 634	return i;
 635}
 636
 637/*
 638 * Rewrite the compiler generated retpoline thunk calls.
 639 *
 640 * For spectre_v2=off (!X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE), rewrite them into immediate
 641 * indirect instructions, avoiding the extra indirection.
 642 *
 643 * For example, convert:
 644 *
 645 *   CALL __x86_indirect_thunk_\reg
 646 *
 647 * into:
 648 *
 649 *   CALL *%\reg
 650 *
 651 * It also tries to inline spectre_v2=retpoline,lfence when size permits.
 652 */
 653static int patch_retpoline(void *addr, struct insn *insn, u8 *bytes)
 654{
 655	retpoline_thunk_t *target;
 656	int reg, ret, i = 0;
 657	u8 op, cc;
 658
 659	target = addr + insn->length + insn->immediate.value;
 660	reg = target - __x86_indirect_thunk_array;
 661
 662	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(reg & ~0xf))
 663		return -1;
 664
 665	/* If anyone ever does: CALL/JMP *%rsp, we're in deep trouble. */
 666	BUG_ON(reg == 4);
 667
 668	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) &&
 669	    !cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE)) {
 670		if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_CALL_DEPTH))
 671			return emit_call_track_retpoline(addr, insn, reg, bytes);
 672
 673		return -1;
 674	}
 675
 676	op = insn->opcode.bytes[0];
 677
 678	/*
 679	 * Convert:
 680	 *
 681	 *   Jcc.d32 __x86_indirect_thunk_\reg
 682	 *
 683	 * into:
 684	 *
 685	 *   Jncc.d8 1f
 686	 *   [ LFENCE ]
 687	 *   JMP *%\reg
 688	 *   [ NOP ]
 689	 * 1:
 690	 */
 691	if (is_jcc32(insn)) {
 692		cc = insn->opcode.bytes[1] & 0xf;
 693		cc ^= 1; /* invert condition */
 694
 695		bytes[i++] = 0x70 + cc;        /* Jcc.d8 */
 696		bytes[i++] = insn->length - 2; /* sizeof(Jcc.d8) == 2 */
 697
 698		/* Continue as if: JMP.d32 __x86_indirect_thunk_\reg */
 699		op = JMP32_INSN_OPCODE;
 700	}
 701
 702	/*
 703	 * For RETPOLINE_LFENCE: prepend the indirect CALL/JMP with an LFENCE.
 704	 */
 705	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE)) {
 706		bytes[i++] = 0x0f;
 707		bytes[i++] = 0xae;
 708		bytes[i++] = 0xe8; /* LFENCE */
 709	}
 710
 711	ret = emit_indirect(op, reg, bytes + i);
 712	if (ret < 0)
 713		return ret;
 714	i += ret;
 715
 716	/*
 717	 * The compiler is supposed to EMIT an INT3 after every unconditional
 718	 * JMP instruction due to AMD BTC. However, if the compiler is too old
 719	 * or MITIGATION_SLS isn't enabled, we still need an INT3 after
 720	 * indirect JMPs even on Intel.
 721	 */
 722	if (op == JMP32_INSN_OPCODE && i < insn->length)
 723		bytes[i++] = INT3_INSN_OPCODE;
 724
 725	for (; i < insn->length;)
 726		bytes[i++] = BYTES_NOP1;
 727
 728	return i;
 729}
 730
 731/*
 732 * Generated by 'objtool --retpoline'.
 733 */
 734void __init_or_module noinline apply_retpolines(s32 *start, s32 *end,
 735						struct module *mod)
 736{
 737	s32 *s;
 738
 739	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
 740		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
 741		void *wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
 742		struct insn insn;
 743		int len, ret;
 744		u8 bytes[16];
 745		u8 op1, op2;
 746
 747		ret = insn_decode_kernel(&insn, wr_addr);
 748		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret < 0))
 749			continue;
 750
 751		op1 = insn.opcode.bytes[0];
 752		op2 = insn.opcode.bytes[1];
 753
 754		switch (op1) {
 755		case CALL_INSN_OPCODE:
 756		case JMP32_INSN_OPCODE:
 757			break;
 758
 759		case 0x0f: /* escape */
 760			if (op2 >= 0x80 && op2 <= 0x8f)
 761				break;
 762			fallthrough;
 763		default:
 764			WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
 765			continue;
 766		}
 767
 768		DPRINTK(RETPOLINE, "retpoline at: %pS (%px) len: %d to: %pS",
 769			addr, addr, insn.length,
 770			addr + insn.length + insn.immediate.value);
 771
 772		len = patch_retpoline(addr, &insn, bytes);
 773		if (len == insn.length) {
 774			optimize_nops(addr, bytes, len);
 775			DUMP_BYTES(RETPOLINE, ((u8*)wr_addr),  len, "%px: orig: ", addr);
 776			DUMP_BYTES(RETPOLINE, ((u8*)bytes), len, "%px: repl: ", addr);
 777			text_poke_early(wr_addr, bytes, len);
 778		}
 779	}
 780}
 781
 782#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETHUNK
 783
 784/*
 785 * Rewrite the compiler generated return thunk tail-calls.
 786 *
 787 * For example, convert:
 788 *
 789 *   JMP __x86_return_thunk
 790 *
 791 * into:
 792 *
 793 *   RET
 794 */
 795static int patch_return(void *addr, struct insn *insn, u8 *bytes)
 796{
 797	int i = 0;
 798
 799	/* Patch the custom return thunks... */
 800	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETHUNK)) {
 801		i = JMP32_INSN_SIZE;
 802		__text_gen_insn(bytes, JMP32_INSN_OPCODE, addr, x86_return_thunk, i);
 803	} else {
 804		/* ... or patch them out if not needed. */
 805		bytes[i++] = RET_INSN_OPCODE;
 806	}
 807
 808	for (; i < insn->length;)
 809		bytes[i++] = INT3_INSN_OPCODE;
 810	return i;
 811}
 812
 813void __init_or_module noinline apply_returns(s32 *start, s32 *end,
 814					     struct module *mod)
 815{
 816	s32 *s;
 817
 818	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETHUNK))
 819		static_call_force_reinit();
 820
 821	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
 822		void *dest = NULL, *addr = (void *)s + *s;
 823		void *wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
 824		struct insn insn;
 825		int len, ret;
 826		u8 bytes[16];
 827		u8 op;
 828
 829		ret = insn_decode_kernel(&insn, wr_addr);
 830		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret < 0))
 831			continue;
 832
 833		op = insn.opcode.bytes[0];
 834		if (op == JMP32_INSN_OPCODE)
 835			dest = addr + insn.length + insn.immediate.value;
 836
 837		if (__static_call_fixup(addr, op, dest) ||
 838		    WARN_ONCE(dest != &__x86_return_thunk,
 839			      "missing return thunk: %pS-%pS: %*ph",
 840			      addr, dest, 5, addr))
 841			continue;
 842
 843		DPRINTK(RET, "return thunk at: %pS (%px) len: %d to: %pS",
 844			addr, addr, insn.length,
 845			addr + insn.length + insn.immediate.value);
 846
 847		len = patch_return(addr, &insn, bytes);
 848		if (len == insn.length) {
 849			DUMP_BYTES(RET, ((u8*)wr_addr),  len, "%px: orig: ", addr);
 850			DUMP_BYTES(RET, ((u8*)bytes), len, "%px: repl: ", addr);
 851			text_poke_early(wr_addr, bytes, len);
 852		}
 853	}
 854}
 855#else
 856void __init_or_module noinline apply_returns(s32 *start, s32 *end,
 857					     struct module *mod) { }
 858#endif /* CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETHUNK */
 859
 860#else /* !CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETPOLINE || !CONFIG_OBJTOOL */
 861
 862void __init_or_module noinline apply_retpolines(s32 *start, s32 *end,
 863						struct module *mod) { }
 864void __init_or_module noinline apply_returns(s32 *start, s32 *end,
 865					     struct module *mod) { }
 866
 867#endif /* CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETPOLINE && CONFIG_OBJTOOL */
 868
 869#ifdef CONFIG_X86_KERNEL_IBT
 870
 871static void poison_cfi(void *addr, void *wr_addr);
 872
 873static void __init_or_module poison_endbr(void *addr, void *wr_addr, bool warn)
 874{
 875	u32 endbr, poison = gen_endbr_poison();
 876
 877	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(get_kernel_nofault(endbr, wr_addr)))
 878		return;
 879
 880	if (!is_endbr(endbr)) {
 881		WARN_ON_ONCE(warn);
 882		return;
 883	}
 884
 885	DPRINTK(ENDBR, "ENDBR at: %pS (%px)", addr, addr);
 886
 887	/*
 888	 * When we have IBT, the lack of ENDBR will trigger #CP
 889	 */
 890	DUMP_BYTES(ENDBR, ((u8*)addr), 4, "%px: orig: ", addr);
 891	DUMP_BYTES(ENDBR, ((u8*)&poison), 4, "%px: repl: ", addr);
 892	text_poke_early(wr_addr, &poison, 4);
 893}
 894
 895/*
 896 * Generated by: objtool --ibt
 897 *
 898 * Seal the functions for indirect calls by clobbering the ENDBR instructions
 899 * and the kCFI hash value.
 900 */
 901void __init_or_module noinline apply_seal_endbr(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
 902{
 903	s32 *s;
 904
 905	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
 906		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
 907		void *wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
 908
 909		poison_endbr(addr, wr_addr, true);
 910		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FINEIBT))
 911			poison_cfi(addr - 16, wr_addr - 16);
 912	}
 913}
 914
 915#else
 916
 917void __init_or_module apply_seal_endbr(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod) { }
 918
 919#endif /* CONFIG_X86_KERNEL_IBT */
 920
 921#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_AUTO_DEFAULT
 922#define __CFI_DEFAULT	CFI_AUTO
 923#elif defined(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG)
 924#define __CFI_DEFAULT	CFI_KCFI
 925#else
 926#define __CFI_DEFAULT	CFI_OFF
 927#endif
 928
 929enum cfi_mode cfi_mode __ro_after_init = __CFI_DEFAULT;
 930
 931#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
 932struct bpf_insn;
 933
 934/* Must match bpf_func_t / DEFINE_BPF_PROG_RUN() */
 935extern unsigned int __bpf_prog_runX(const void *ctx,
 936				    const struct bpf_insn *insn);
 937
 938/*
 939 * Force a reference to the external symbol so the compiler generates
 940 * __kcfi_typid.
 941 */
 942__ADDRESSABLE(__bpf_prog_runX);
 943
 944/* u32 __ro_after_init cfi_bpf_hash = __kcfi_typeid___bpf_prog_runX; */
 945asm (
 946"	.pushsection	.data..ro_after_init,\"aw\",@progbits	\n"
 947"	.type	cfi_bpf_hash,@object				\n"
 948"	.globl	cfi_bpf_hash					\n"
 949"	.p2align	2, 0x0					\n"
 950"cfi_bpf_hash:							\n"
 951"	.long	__kcfi_typeid___bpf_prog_runX			\n"
 952"	.size	cfi_bpf_hash, 4					\n"
 953"	.popsection						\n"
 954);
 955
 956/* Must match bpf_callback_t */
 957extern u64 __bpf_callback_fn(u64, u64, u64, u64, u64);
 958
 959__ADDRESSABLE(__bpf_callback_fn);
 960
 961/* u32 __ro_after_init cfi_bpf_subprog_hash = __kcfi_typeid___bpf_callback_fn; */
 962asm (
 963"	.pushsection	.data..ro_after_init,\"aw\",@progbits	\n"
 964"	.type	cfi_bpf_subprog_hash,@object			\n"
 965"	.globl	cfi_bpf_subprog_hash				\n"
 966"	.p2align	2, 0x0					\n"
 967"cfi_bpf_subprog_hash:						\n"
 968"	.long	__kcfi_typeid___bpf_callback_fn			\n"
 969"	.size	cfi_bpf_subprog_hash, 4				\n"
 970"	.popsection						\n"
 971);
 972
 973u32 cfi_get_func_hash(void *func)
 974{
 975	u32 hash;
 976
 977	func -= cfi_get_offset();
 978	switch (cfi_mode) {
 979	case CFI_FINEIBT:
 980		func += 7;
 981		break;
 982	case CFI_KCFI:
 983		func += 1;
 984		break;
 985	default:
 986		return 0;
 987	}
 988
 989	if (get_kernel_nofault(hash, func))
 990		return 0;
 991
 992	return hash;
 993}
 994#endif
 995
 996#ifdef CONFIG_FINEIBT
 997
 998static bool cfi_rand __ro_after_init = true;
 999static u32  cfi_seed __ro_after_init;
1000
1001/*
1002 * Re-hash the CFI hash with a boot-time seed while making sure the result is
1003 * not a valid ENDBR instruction.
1004 */
1005static u32 cfi_rehash(u32 hash)
1006{
1007	hash ^= cfi_seed;
1008	while (unlikely(is_endbr(hash) || is_endbr(-hash))) {
1009		bool lsb = hash & 1;
1010		hash >>= 1;
1011		if (lsb)
1012			hash ^= 0x80200003;
1013	}
1014	return hash;
1015}
1016
1017static __init int cfi_parse_cmdline(char *str)
1018{
1019	if (!str)
1020		return -EINVAL;
1021
1022	while (str) {
1023		char *next = strchr(str, ',');
1024		if (next) {
1025			*next = 0;
1026			next++;
1027		}
1028
1029		if (!strcmp(str, "auto")) {
1030			cfi_mode = CFI_AUTO;
1031		} else if (!strcmp(str, "off")) {
1032			cfi_mode = CFI_OFF;
1033			cfi_rand = false;
1034		} else if (!strcmp(str, "kcfi")) {
1035			cfi_mode = CFI_KCFI;
1036		} else if (!strcmp(str, "fineibt")) {
1037			cfi_mode = CFI_FINEIBT;
1038		} else if (!strcmp(str, "norand")) {
1039			cfi_rand = false;
1040		} else {
1041			pr_err("Ignoring unknown cfi option (%s).", str);
1042		}
1043
1044		str = next;
1045	}
1046
1047	return 0;
1048}
1049early_param("cfi", cfi_parse_cmdline);
1050
1051/*
1052 * kCFI						FineIBT
1053 *
1054 * __cfi_\func:					__cfi_\func:
1055 *	movl   $0x12345678,%eax		// 5	     endbr64			// 4
1056 *	nop					     subl   $0x12345678,%r10d   // 7
1057 *	nop					     jz     1f			// 2
1058 *	nop					     ud2			// 2
1059 *	nop					1:   nop			// 1
1060 *	nop
1061 *	nop
1062 *	nop
1063 *	nop
1064 *	nop
1065 *	nop
1066 *	nop
1067 *
1068 *
1069 * caller:					caller:
1070 *	movl	$(-0x12345678),%r10d	 // 6	     movl   $0x12345678,%r10d	// 6
1071 *	addl	$-15(%r11),%r10d	 // 4	     sub    $16,%r11		// 4
1072 *	je	1f			 // 2	     nop4			// 4
1073 *	ud2				 // 2
1074 * 1:	call	__x86_indirect_thunk_r11 // 5	     call   *%r11; nop2;	// 5
1075 *
1076 */
1077
1078asm(	".pushsection .rodata			\n"
1079	"fineibt_preamble_start:		\n"
1080	"	endbr64				\n"
1081	"	subl	$0x12345678, %r10d	\n"
1082	"	je	fineibt_preamble_end	\n"
1083	"	ud2				\n"
1084	"	nop				\n"
1085	"fineibt_preamble_end:			\n"
1086	".popsection\n"
1087);
1088
1089extern u8 fineibt_preamble_start[];
1090extern u8 fineibt_preamble_end[];
1091
1092#define fineibt_preamble_size (fineibt_preamble_end - fineibt_preamble_start)
1093#define fineibt_preamble_hash 7
1094
1095asm(	".pushsection .rodata			\n"
1096	"fineibt_caller_start:			\n"
1097	"	movl	$0x12345678, %r10d	\n"
1098	"	sub	$16, %r11		\n"
1099	ASM_NOP4
1100	"fineibt_caller_end:			\n"
1101	".popsection				\n"
1102);
1103
1104extern u8 fineibt_caller_start[];
1105extern u8 fineibt_caller_end[];
1106
1107#define fineibt_caller_size (fineibt_caller_end - fineibt_caller_start)
1108#define fineibt_caller_hash 2
1109
1110#define fineibt_caller_jmp (fineibt_caller_size - 2)
1111
1112static u32 decode_preamble_hash(void *addr)
1113{
1114	u8 *p = addr;
1115
1116	/* b8 78 56 34 12          mov    $0x12345678,%eax */
1117	if (p[0] == 0xb8)
1118		return *(u32 *)(addr + 1);
1119
1120	return 0; /* invalid hash value */
1121}
1122
1123static u32 decode_caller_hash(void *addr)
1124{
1125	u8 *p = addr;
1126
1127	/* 41 ba 78 56 34 12       mov    $0x12345678,%r10d */
1128	if (p[0] == 0x41 && p[1] == 0xba)
1129		return -*(u32 *)(addr + 2);
1130
1131	/* e8 0c 78 56 34 12	   jmp.d8  +12 */
1132	if (p[0] == JMP8_INSN_OPCODE && p[1] == fineibt_caller_jmp)
1133		return -*(u32 *)(addr + 2);
1134
1135	return 0; /* invalid hash value */
1136}
1137
1138/* .retpoline_sites */
1139static int cfi_disable_callers(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
1140{
1141	/*
1142	 * Disable kCFI by patching in a JMP.d8, this leaves the hash immediate
1143	 * in tact for later usage. Also see decode_caller_hash() and
1144	 * cfi_rewrite_callers().
1145	 */
1146	const u8 jmp[] = { JMP8_INSN_OPCODE, fineibt_caller_jmp };
1147	s32 *s;
1148
1149	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
1150		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
1151		void *wr_addr;
1152		u32 hash;
1153
1154		addr -= fineibt_caller_size;
1155		wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
1156		hash = decode_caller_hash(wr_addr);
1157
1158		if (!hash) /* nocfi callers */
1159			continue;
1160
1161		text_poke_early(wr_addr, jmp, 2);
1162	}
1163
1164	return 0;
1165}
1166
1167static int cfi_enable_callers(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
1168{
1169	/*
1170	 * Re-enable kCFI, undo what cfi_disable_callers() did.
1171	 */
1172	const u8 mov[] = { 0x41, 0xba };
1173	s32 *s;
1174
1175	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
1176		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
1177		void *wr_addr;
1178		u32 hash;
1179
1180		addr -= fineibt_caller_size;
1181		wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
1182		hash = decode_caller_hash(wr_addr);
1183		if (!hash) /* nocfi callers */
1184			continue;
1185
1186		text_poke_early(wr_addr, mov, 2);
1187	}
1188
1189	return 0;
1190}
1191
1192/* .cfi_sites */
1193static int cfi_rand_preamble(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
1194{
1195	s32 *s;
1196
1197	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
1198		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
1199		void *wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
1200		u32 hash;
1201
1202		hash = decode_preamble_hash(wr_addr);
1203		if (WARN(!hash, "no CFI hash found at: %pS %px %*ph\n",
1204			 addr, addr, 5, addr))
1205			return -EINVAL;
1206
1207		hash = cfi_rehash(hash);
1208		text_poke_early(wr_addr + 1, &hash, 4);
1209	}
1210
1211	return 0;
1212}
1213
1214static int cfi_rewrite_preamble(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
1215{
1216	s32 *s;
1217
1218	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
1219		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
1220		void *wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
1221		u32 hash;
1222
1223		hash = decode_preamble_hash(wr_addr);
1224		if (WARN(!hash, "no CFI hash found at: %pS %px %*ph\n",
1225			 addr, addr, 5, addr))
1226			return -EINVAL;
1227
1228		text_poke_early(wr_addr, fineibt_preamble_start, fineibt_preamble_size);
1229		WARN_ON(*(u32 *)(wr_addr + fineibt_preamble_hash) != 0x12345678);
1230		text_poke_early(wr_addr + fineibt_preamble_hash, &hash, 4);
1231	}
1232
1233	return 0;
1234}
1235
1236static void cfi_rewrite_endbr(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
1237{
1238	s32 *s;
1239
1240	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
1241		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
1242		void *wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
1243
1244		poison_endbr(addr + 16, wr_addr + 16, false);
1245	}
1246}
1247
1248/* .retpoline_sites */
1249static int cfi_rand_callers(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
1250{
1251	s32 *s;
1252
1253	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
1254		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
1255		void *wr_addr;
1256		u32 hash;
1257
1258		addr -= fineibt_caller_size;
1259		wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
1260		hash = decode_caller_hash(wr_addr);
1261		if (hash) {
1262			hash = -cfi_rehash(hash);
1263			text_poke_early(wr_addr + 2, &hash, 4);
1264		}
1265	}
1266
1267	return 0;
1268}
1269
1270static int cfi_rewrite_callers(s32 *start, s32 *end, struct module *mod)
1271{
1272	s32 *s;
1273
1274	for (s = start; s < end; s++) {
1275		void *addr = (void *)s + *s;
1276		void *wr_addr;
1277		u32 hash;
1278
1279		addr -= fineibt_caller_size;
1280		wr_addr = module_writable_address(mod, addr);
1281		hash = decode_caller_hash(wr_addr);
1282		if (hash) {
1283			text_poke_early(wr_addr, fineibt_caller_start, fineibt_caller_size);
1284			WARN_ON(*(u32 *)(wr_addr + fineibt_caller_hash) != 0x12345678);
1285			text_poke_early(wr_addr + fineibt_caller_hash, &hash, 4);
1286		}
1287		/* rely on apply_retpolines() */
1288	}
1289
1290	return 0;
1291}
1292
1293static void __apply_fineibt(s32 *start_retpoline, s32 *end_retpoline,
1294			    s32 *start_cfi, s32 *end_cfi, struct module *mod)
1295{
1296	bool builtin = mod ? false : true;
1297	int ret;
1298
1299	if (WARN_ONCE(fineibt_preamble_size != 16,
1300		      "FineIBT preamble wrong size: %ld", fineibt_preamble_size))
1301		return;
1302
1303	if (cfi_mode == CFI_AUTO) {
1304		cfi_mode = CFI_KCFI;
1305		if (HAS_KERNEL_IBT && cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_IBT))
1306			cfi_mode = CFI_FINEIBT;
1307	}
1308
1309	/*
1310	 * Rewrite the callers to not use the __cfi_ stubs, such that we might
1311	 * rewrite them. This disables all CFI. If this succeeds but any of the
1312	 * later stages fails, we're without CFI.
1313	 */
1314	ret = cfi_disable_callers(start_retpoline, end_retpoline, mod);
1315	if (ret)
1316		goto err;
1317
1318	if (cfi_rand) {
1319		if (builtin) {
1320			cfi_seed = get_random_u32();
1321			cfi_bpf_hash = cfi_rehash(cfi_bpf_hash);
1322			cfi_bpf_subprog_hash = cfi_rehash(cfi_bpf_subprog_hash);
1323		}
 
1324
1325		ret = cfi_rand_preamble(start_cfi, end_cfi, mod);
1326		if (ret)
1327			goto err;
1328
1329		ret = cfi_rand_callers(start_retpoline, end_retpoline, mod);
1330		if (ret)
1331			goto err;
1332	}
1333
1334	switch (cfi_mode) {
1335	case CFI_OFF:
1336		if (builtin)
1337			pr_info("Disabling CFI\n");
1338		return;
1339
1340	case CFI_KCFI:
1341		ret = cfi_enable_callers(start_retpoline, end_retpoline, mod);
1342		if (ret)
1343			goto err;
1344
1345		if (builtin)
1346			pr_info("Using kCFI\n");
1347		return;
1348
1349	case CFI_FINEIBT:
1350		/* place the FineIBT preamble at func()-16 */
1351		ret = cfi_rewrite_preamble(start_cfi, end_cfi, mod);
1352		if (ret)
1353			goto err;
1354
1355		/* rewrite the callers to target func()-16 */
1356		ret = cfi_rewrite_callers(start_retpoline, end_retpoline, mod);
1357		if (ret)
1358			goto err;
1359
1360		/* now that nobody targets func()+0, remove ENDBR there */
1361		cfi_rewrite_endbr(start_cfi, end_cfi, mod);
1362
1363		if (builtin)
1364			pr_info("Using FineIBT CFI\n");
1365		return;
1366
1367	default:
1368		break;
1369	}
1370
1371err:
1372	pr_err("Something went horribly wrong trying to rewrite the CFI implementation.\n");
1373}
1374
1375static inline void poison_hash(void *addr)
1376{
1377	*(u32 *)addr = 0;
1378}
1379
1380static void poison_cfi(void *addr, void *wr_addr)
1381{
1382	switch (cfi_mode) {
1383	case CFI_FINEIBT:
1384		/*
1385		 * __cfi_\func:
1386		 *	osp nopl (%rax)
1387		 *	subl	$0, %r10d
1388		 *	jz	1f
1389		 *	ud2
1390		 * 1:	nop
1391		 */
1392		poison_endbr(addr, wr_addr, false);
1393		poison_hash(wr_addr + fineibt_preamble_hash);
1394		break;
1395
1396	case CFI_KCFI:
1397		/*
1398		 * __cfi_\func:
1399		 *	movl	$0, %eax
1400		 *	.skip	11, 0x90
1401		 */
1402		poison_hash(wr_addr + 1);
1403		break;
1404
1405	default:
1406		break;
1407	}
1408}
1409
1410#else
1411
1412static void __apply_fineibt(s32 *start_retpoline, s32 *end_retpoline,
1413			    s32 *start_cfi, s32 *end_cfi, struct module *mod)
1414{
1415}
1416
1417#ifdef CONFIG_X86_KERNEL_IBT
1418static void poison_cfi(void *addr, void *wr_addr) { }
1419#endif
1420
1421#endif
1422
1423void apply_fineibt(s32 *start_retpoline, s32 *end_retpoline,
1424		   s32 *start_cfi, s32 *end_cfi, struct module *mod)
1425{
1426	return __apply_fineibt(start_retpoline, end_retpoline,
1427			       start_cfi, end_cfi, mod);
1428}
1429
1430#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1431static void alternatives_smp_lock(const s32 *start, const s32 *end,
1432				  u8 *text, u8 *text_end)
1433{
1434	const s32 *poff;
1435
1436	for (poff = start; poff < end; poff++) {
1437		u8 *ptr = (u8 *)poff + *poff;
1438
1439		if (!*poff || ptr < text || ptr >= text_end)
1440			continue;
1441		/* turn DS segment override prefix into lock prefix */
1442		if (*ptr == 0x3e)
1443			text_poke(ptr, ((unsigned char []){0xf0}), 1);
1444	}
1445}
1446
1447static void alternatives_smp_unlock(const s32 *start, const s32 *end,
1448				    u8 *text, u8 *text_end)
1449{
1450	const s32 *poff;
1451
1452	for (poff = start; poff < end; poff++) {
1453		u8 *ptr = (u8 *)poff + *poff;
1454
1455		if (!*poff || ptr < text || ptr >= text_end)
1456			continue;
1457		/* turn lock prefix into DS segment override prefix */
1458		if (*ptr == 0xf0)
1459			text_poke(ptr, ((unsigned char []){0x3E}), 1);
1460	}
1461}
1462
1463struct smp_alt_module {
1464	/* what is this ??? */
1465	struct module	*mod;
1466	char		*name;
1467
1468	/* ptrs to lock prefixes */
1469	const s32	*locks;
1470	const s32	*locks_end;
1471
1472	/* .text segment, needed to avoid patching init code ;) */
1473	u8		*text;
1474	u8		*text_end;
1475
1476	struct list_head next;
1477};
1478static LIST_HEAD(smp_alt_modules);
1479static bool uniproc_patched = false;	/* protected by text_mutex */
1480
1481void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod,
1482						  char *name,
1483						  void *locks, void *locks_end,
1484						  void *text,  void *text_end)
1485{
1486	struct smp_alt_module *smp;
1487
1488	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
1489	if (!uniproc_patched)
1490		goto unlock;
1491
1492	if (num_possible_cpus() == 1)
1493		/* Don't bother remembering, we'll never have to undo it. */
1494		goto smp_unlock;
1495
1496	smp = kzalloc(sizeof(*smp), GFP_KERNEL);
1497	if (NULL == smp)
1498		/* we'll run the (safe but slow) SMP code then ... */
1499		goto unlock;
1500
1501	smp->mod	= mod;
1502	smp->name	= name;
1503	smp->locks	= locks;
1504	smp->locks_end	= locks_end;
1505	smp->text	= text;
1506	smp->text_end	= text_end;
1507	DPRINTK(SMP, "locks %p -> %p, text %p -> %p, name %s\n",
1508		smp->locks, smp->locks_end,
1509		smp->text, smp->text_end, smp->name);
1510
1511	list_add_tail(&smp->next, &smp_alt_modules);
1512smp_unlock:
1513	alternatives_smp_unlock(locks, locks_end, text, text_end);
1514unlock:
1515	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
1516}
1517
1518void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_del(struct module *mod)
1519{
1520	struct smp_alt_module *item;
1521
1522	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
1523	list_for_each_entry(item, &smp_alt_modules, next) {
1524		if (mod != item->mod)
1525			continue;
1526		list_del(&item->next);
1527		kfree(item);
1528		break;
1529	}
1530	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
1531}
1532
1533void alternatives_enable_smp(void)
1534{
1535	struct smp_alt_module *mod;
1536
1537	/* Why bother if there are no other CPUs? */
1538	BUG_ON(num_possible_cpus() == 1);
1539
1540	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
1541
1542	if (uniproc_patched) {
1543		pr_info("switching to SMP code\n");
1544		BUG_ON(num_online_cpus() != 1);
1545		clear_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_UP);
1546		clear_cpu_cap(&cpu_data(0), X86_FEATURE_UP);
1547		list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next)
1548			alternatives_smp_lock(mod->locks, mod->locks_end,
1549					      mod->text, mod->text_end);
1550		uniproc_patched = false;
1551	}
1552	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
1553}
1554
1555/*
1556 * Return 1 if the address range is reserved for SMP-alternatives.
1557 * Must hold text_mutex.
1558 */
1559int alternatives_text_reserved(void *start, void *end)
1560{
1561	struct smp_alt_module *mod;
1562	const s32 *poff;
1563	u8 *text_start = start;
1564	u8 *text_end = end;
1565
1566	lockdep_assert_held(&text_mutex);
1567
1568	list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next) {
1569		if (mod->text > text_end || mod->text_end < text_start)
1570			continue;
1571		for (poff = mod->locks; poff < mod->locks_end; poff++) {
1572			const u8 *ptr = (const u8 *)poff + *poff;
1573
1574			if (text_start <= ptr && text_end > ptr)
1575				return 1;
1576		}
1577	}
1578
1579	return 0;
1580}
1581#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
1582
1583/*
1584 * Self-test for the INT3 based CALL emulation code.
1585 *
1586 * This exercises int3_emulate_call() to make sure INT3 pt_regs are set up
1587 * properly and that there is a stack gap between the INT3 frame and the
1588 * previous context. Without this gap doing a virtual PUSH on the interrupted
1589 * stack would corrupt the INT3 IRET frame.
1590 *
1591 * See entry_{32,64}.S for more details.
1592 */
1593
1594/*
1595 * We define the int3_magic() function in assembly to control the calling
1596 * convention such that we can 'call' it from assembly.
1597 */
1598
1599extern void int3_magic(unsigned int *ptr); /* defined in asm */
1600
1601asm (
1602"	.pushsection	.init.text, \"ax\", @progbits\n"
1603"	.type		int3_magic, @function\n"
1604"int3_magic:\n"
1605	ANNOTATE_NOENDBR
1606"	movl	$1, (%" _ASM_ARG1 ")\n"
1607	ASM_RET
1608"	.size		int3_magic, .-int3_magic\n"
1609"	.popsection\n"
1610);
1611
1612extern void int3_selftest_ip(void); /* defined in asm below */
1613
1614static int __init
1615int3_exception_notify(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long val, void *data)
1616{
1617	unsigned long selftest = (unsigned long)&int3_selftest_ip;
1618	struct die_args *args = data;
1619	struct pt_regs *regs = args->regs;
1620
1621	OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(selftest);
1622
1623	if (!regs || user_mode(regs))
1624		return NOTIFY_DONE;
1625
1626	if (val != DIE_INT3)
1627		return NOTIFY_DONE;
1628
1629	if (regs->ip - INT3_INSN_SIZE != selftest)
1630		return NOTIFY_DONE;
 
 
 
1631
1632	int3_emulate_call(regs, (unsigned long)&int3_magic);
1633	return NOTIFY_STOP;
1634}
1635
1636/* Must be noinline to ensure uniqueness of int3_selftest_ip. */
1637static noinline void __init int3_selftest(void)
1638{
1639	static __initdata struct notifier_block int3_exception_nb = {
1640		.notifier_call	= int3_exception_notify,
1641		.priority	= INT_MAX-1, /* last */
1642	};
1643	unsigned int val = 0;
1644
1645	BUG_ON(register_die_notifier(&int3_exception_nb));
1646
1647	/*
1648	 * Basically: int3_magic(&val); but really complicated :-)
1649	 *
1650	 * INT3 padded with NOP to CALL_INSN_SIZE. The int3_exception_nb
1651	 * notifier above will emulate CALL for us.
1652	 */
1653	asm volatile ("int3_selftest_ip:\n\t"
1654		      ANNOTATE_NOENDBR
1655		      "    int3; nop; nop; nop; nop\n\t"
1656		      : ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT
1657		      : __ASM_SEL_RAW(a, D) (&val)
1658		      : "memory");
1659
1660	BUG_ON(val != 1);
1661
1662	unregister_die_notifier(&int3_exception_nb);
1663}
1664
1665static __initdata int __alt_reloc_selftest_addr;
1666
1667extern void __init __alt_reloc_selftest(void *arg);
1668__visible noinline void __init __alt_reloc_selftest(void *arg)
1669{
1670	WARN_ON(arg != &__alt_reloc_selftest_addr);
1671}
1672
1673static noinline void __init alt_reloc_selftest(void)
1674{
1675	/*
1676	 * Tests apply_relocation().
1677	 *
1678	 * This has a relative immediate (CALL) in a place other than the first
1679	 * instruction and additionally on x86_64 we get a RIP-relative LEA:
1680	 *
1681	 *   lea    0x0(%rip),%rdi  # 5d0: R_X86_64_PC32    .init.data+0x5566c
1682	 *   call   +0              # 5d5: R_X86_64_PLT32   __alt_reloc_selftest-0x4
1683	 *
1684	 * Getting this wrong will either crash and burn or tickle the WARN
1685	 * above.
1686	 */
1687	asm_inline volatile (
1688		ALTERNATIVE("", "lea %[mem], %%" _ASM_ARG1 "; call __alt_reloc_selftest;", X86_FEATURE_ALWAYS)
1689		: ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT
1690		: [mem] "m" (__alt_reloc_selftest_addr)
1691		: _ASM_ARG1
1692	);
1693}
 
 
 
1694
1695void __init alternative_instructions(void)
1696{
1697	int3_selftest();
1698
1699	/*
1700	 * The patching is not fully atomic, so try to avoid local
1701	 * interruptions that might execute the to be patched code.
1702	 * Other CPUs are not running.
1703	 */
1704	stop_nmi();
1705
1706	/*
1707	 * Don't stop machine check exceptions while patching.
1708	 * MCEs only happen when something got corrupted and in this
1709	 * case we must do something about the corruption.
1710	 * Ignoring it is worse than an unlikely patching race.
1711	 * Also machine checks tend to be broadcast and if one CPU
1712	 * goes into machine check the others follow quickly, so we don't
1713	 * expect a machine check to cause undue problems during to code
1714	 * patching.
1715	 */
1716
1717	/*
1718	 * Make sure to set (artificial) features depending on used paravirt
1719	 * functions which can later influence alternative patching.
1720	 */
1721	paravirt_set_cap();
1722
1723	__apply_fineibt(__retpoline_sites, __retpoline_sites_end,
1724			__cfi_sites, __cfi_sites_end, NULL);
1725
1726	/*
1727	 * Rewrite the retpolines, must be done before alternatives since
1728	 * those can rewrite the retpoline thunks.
1729	 */
1730	apply_retpolines(__retpoline_sites, __retpoline_sites_end, NULL);
1731	apply_returns(__return_sites, __return_sites_end, NULL);
1732
1733	apply_alternatives(__alt_instructions, __alt_instructions_end, NULL);
1734
1735	/*
1736	 * Now all calls are established. Apply the call thunks if
1737	 * required.
1738	 */
1739	callthunks_patch_builtin_calls();
1740
1741	/*
1742	 * Seal all functions that do not have their address taken.
1743	 */
1744	apply_seal_endbr(__ibt_endbr_seal, __ibt_endbr_seal_end, NULL);
1745
1746#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1747	/* Patch to UP if other cpus not imminent. */
1748	if (!noreplace_smp && (num_present_cpus() == 1 || setup_max_cpus <= 1)) {
1749		uniproc_patched = true;
1750		alternatives_smp_module_add(NULL, "core kernel",
1751					    __smp_locks, __smp_locks_end,
1752					    _text, _etext);
1753	}
1754
1755	if (!uniproc_patched || num_possible_cpus() == 1) {
1756		free_init_pages("SMP alternatives",
1757				(unsigned long)__smp_locks,
1758				(unsigned long)__smp_locks_end);
1759	}
1760#endif
1761
 
 
1762	restart_nmi();
1763	alternatives_patched = 1;
1764
1765	alt_reloc_selftest();
1766}
1767
1768/**
1769 * text_poke_early - Update instructions on a live kernel at boot time
1770 * @addr: address to modify
1771 * @opcode: source of the copy
1772 * @len: length to copy
1773 *
1774 * When you use this code to patch more than one byte of an instruction
1775 * you need to make sure that other CPUs cannot execute this code in parallel.
1776 * Also no thread must be currently preempted in the middle of these
1777 * instructions. And on the local CPU you need to be protected against NMI or
1778 * MCE handlers seeing an inconsistent instruction while you patch.
1779 */
1780void __init_or_module text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode,
1781				      size_t len)
1782{
1783	unsigned long flags;
1784
1785	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NX) &&
1786	    is_module_text_address((unsigned long)addr)) {
1787		/*
1788		 * Modules text is marked initially as non-executable, so the
1789		 * code cannot be running and speculative code-fetches are
1790		 * prevented. Just change the code.
1791		 */
1792		memcpy(addr, opcode, len);
1793	} else {
1794		local_irq_save(flags);
1795		memcpy(addr, opcode, len);
1796		sync_core();
1797		local_irq_restore(flags);
1798
1799		/*
1800		 * Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but
1801		 * that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs.
1802		 */
1803	}
1804}
1805
1806typedef struct {
1807	struct mm_struct *mm;
1808} temp_mm_state_t;
1809
1810/*
1811 * Using a temporary mm allows to set temporary mappings that are not accessible
1812 * by other CPUs. Such mappings are needed to perform sensitive memory writes
1813 * that override the kernel memory protections (e.g., W^X), without exposing the
1814 * temporary page-table mappings that are required for these write operations to
1815 * other CPUs. Using a temporary mm also allows to avoid TLB shootdowns when the
1816 * mapping is torn down.
1817 *
1818 * Context: The temporary mm needs to be used exclusively by a single core. To
1819 *          harden security IRQs must be disabled while the temporary mm is
1820 *          loaded, thereby preventing interrupt handler bugs from overriding
1821 *          the kernel memory protection.
1822 */
1823static inline temp_mm_state_t use_temporary_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
1824{
1825	temp_mm_state_t temp_state;
1826
1827	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
1828
1829	/*
1830	 * Make sure not to be in TLB lazy mode, as otherwise we'll end up
1831	 * with a stale address space WITHOUT being in lazy mode after
1832	 * restoring the previous mm.
1833	 */
1834	if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate_shared.is_lazy))
1835		leave_mm();
1836
1837	temp_state.mm = this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.loaded_mm);
1838	switch_mm_irqs_off(NULL, mm, current);
1839
1840	/*
1841	 * If breakpoints are enabled, disable them while the temporary mm is
1842	 * used. Userspace might set up watchpoints on addresses that are used
1843	 * in the temporary mm, which would lead to wrong signals being sent or
1844	 * crashes.
1845	 *
1846	 * Note that breakpoints are not disabled selectively, which also causes
1847	 * kernel breakpoints (e.g., perf's) to be disabled. This might be
1848	 * undesirable, but still seems reasonable as the code that runs in the
1849	 * temporary mm should be short.
1850	 */
1851	if (hw_breakpoint_active())
1852		hw_breakpoint_disable();
1853
1854	return temp_state;
1855}
1856
1857static inline void unuse_temporary_mm(temp_mm_state_t prev_state)
1858{
1859	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
1860	switch_mm_irqs_off(NULL, prev_state.mm, current);
1861
1862	/*
1863	 * Restore the breakpoints if they were disabled before the temporary mm
1864	 * was loaded.
1865	 */
1866	if (hw_breakpoint_active())
1867		hw_breakpoint_restore();
1868}
1869
1870__ro_after_init struct mm_struct *poking_mm;
1871__ro_after_init unsigned long poking_addr;
1872
1873static void text_poke_memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len)
1874{
1875	memcpy(dst, src, len);
1876}
1877
1878static void text_poke_memset(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len)
1879{
1880	int c = *(const int *)src;
1881
1882	memset(dst, c, len);
1883}
1884
1885typedef void text_poke_f(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len);
1886
1887static void *__text_poke(text_poke_f func, void *addr, const void *src, size_t len)
1888{
1889	bool cross_page_boundary = offset_in_page(addr) + len > PAGE_SIZE;
1890	struct page *pages[2] = {NULL};
1891	temp_mm_state_t prev;
1892	unsigned long flags;
1893	pte_t pte, *ptep;
1894	spinlock_t *ptl;
1895	pgprot_t pgprot;
1896
1897	/*
1898	 * While boot memory allocator is running we cannot use struct pages as
1899	 * they are not yet initialized. There is no way to recover.
1900	 */
1901	BUG_ON(!after_bootmem);
1902
1903	if (!core_kernel_text((unsigned long)addr)) {
1904		pages[0] = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
1905		if (cross_page_boundary)
1906			pages[1] = vmalloc_to_page(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
1907	} else {
1908		pages[0] = virt_to_page(addr);
1909		WARN_ON(!PageReserved(pages[0]));
1910		if (cross_page_boundary)
1911			pages[1] = virt_to_page(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
1912	}
1913	/*
1914	 * If something went wrong, crash and burn since recovery paths are not
1915	 * implemented.
1916	 */
1917	BUG_ON(!pages[0] || (cross_page_boundary && !pages[1]));
1918
1919	/*
1920	 * Map the page without the global bit, as TLB flushing is done with
1921	 * flush_tlb_mm_range(), which is intended for non-global PTEs.
1922	 */
1923	pgprot = __pgprot(pgprot_val(PAGE_KERNEL) & ~_PAGE_GLOBAL);
1924
1925	/*
1926	 * The lock is not really needed, but this allows to avoid open-coding.
1927	 */
1928	ptep = get_locked_pte(poking_mm, poking_addr, &ptl);
1929
1930	/*
1931	 * This must not fail; preallocated in poking_init().
1932	 */
1933	VM_BUG_ON(!ptep);
1934
1935	local_irq_save(flags);
1936
1937	pte = mk_pte(pages[0], pgprot);
1938	set_pte_at(poking_mm, poking_addr, ptep, pte);
1939
1940	if (cross_page_boundary) {
1941		pte = mk_pte(pages[1], pgprot);
1942		set_pte_at(poking_mm, poking_addr + PAGE_SIZE, ptep + 1, pte);
1943	}
1944
1945	/*
1946	 * Loading the temporary mm behaves as a compiler barrier, which
1947	 * guarantees that the PTE will be set at the time memcpy() is done.
1948	 */
1949	prev = use_temporary_mm(poking_mm);
1950
1951	kasan_disable_current();
1952	func((u8 *)poking_addr + offset_in_page(addr), src, len);
1953	kasan_enable_current();
1954
1955	/*
1956	 * Ensure that the PTE is only cleared after the instructions of memcpy
1957	 * were issued by using a compiler barrier.
1958	 */
1959	barrier();
1960
1961	pte_clear(poking_mm, poking_addr, ptep);
1962	if (cross_page_boundary)
1963		pte_clear(poking_mm, poking_addr + PAGE_SIZE, ptep + 1);
1964
1965	/*
1966	 * Loading the previous page-table hierarchy requires a serializing
1967	 * instruction that already allows the core to see the updated version.
1968	 * Xen-PV is assumed to serialize execution in a similar manner.
1969	 */
1970	unuse_temporary_mm(prev);
1971
1972	/*
1973	 * Flushing the TLB might involve IPIs, which would require enabled
1974	 * IRQs, but not if the mm is not used, as it is in this point.
1975	 */
1976	flush_tlb_mm_range(poking_mm, poking_addr, poking_addr +
1977			   (cross_page_boundary ? 2 : 1) * PAGE_SIZE,
1978			   PAGE_SHIFT, false);
1979
1980	if (func == text_poke_memcpy) {
1981		/*
1982		 * If the text does not match what we just wrote then something is
1983		 * fundamentally screwy; there's nothing we can really do about that.
1984		 */
1985		BUG_ON(memcmp(addr, src, len));
1986	}
1987
1988	local_irq_restore(flags);
1989	pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
 
1990	return addr;
1991}
1992
1993/**
1994 * text_poke - Update instructions on a live kernel
1995 * @addr: address to modify
1996 * @opcode: source of the copy
1997 * @len: length to copy
1998 *
1999 * Only atomic text poke/set should be allowed when not doing early patching.
2000 * It means the size must be writable atomically and the address must be aligned
2001 * in a way that permits an atomic write. It also makes sure we fit on a single
2002 * page.
2003 *
2004 * Note that the caller must ensure that if the modified code is part of a
2005 * module, the module would not be removed during poking. This can be achieved
2006 * by registering a module notifier, and ordering module removal and patching
2007 * through a mutex.
2008 */
2009void *text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len)
2010{
2011	lockdep_assert_held(&text_mutex);
2012
2013	return __text_poke(text_poke_memcpy, addr, opcode, len);
2014}
2015
2016/**
2017 * text_poke_kgdb - Update instructions on a live kernel by kgdb
2018 * @addr: address to modify
2019 * @opcode: source of the copy
2020 * @len: length to copy
2021 *
2022 * Only atomic text poke/set should be allowed when not doing early patching.
2023 * It means the size must be writable atomically and the address must be aligned
2024 * in a way that permits an atomic write. It also makes sure we fit on a single
2025 * page.
2026 *
2027 * Context: should only be used by kgdb, which ensures no other core is running,
2028 *	    despite the fact it does not hold the text_mutex.
2029 */
2030void *text_poke_kgdb(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len)
2031{
2032	return __text_poke(text_poke_memcpy, addr, opcode, len);
2033}
2034
2035void *text_poke_copy_locked(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len,
2036			    bool core_ok)
2037{
2038	unsigned long start = (unsigned long)addr;
2039	size_t patched = 0;
2040
2041	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!core_ok && core_kernel_text(start)))
2042		return NULL;
2043
2044	while (patched < len) {
2045		unsigned long ptr = start + patched;
2046		size_t s;
2047
2048		s = min_t(size_t, PAGE_SIZE * 2 - offset_in_page(ptr), len - patched);
2049
2050		__text_poke(text_poke_memcpy, (void *)ptr, opcode + patched, s);
2051		patched += s;
2052	}
2053	return addr;
2054}
2055
2056/**
2057 * text_poke_copy - Copy instructions into (an unused part of) RX memory
2058 * @addr: address to modify
2059 * @opcode: source of the copy
2060 * @len: length to copy, could be more than 2x PAGE_SIZE
2061 *
2062 * Not safe against concurrent execution; useful for JITs to dump
2063 * new code blocks into unused regions of RX memory. Can be used in
2064 * conjunction with synchronize_rcu_tasks() to wait for existing
2065 * execution to quiesce after having made sure no existing functions
2066 * pointers are live.
2067 */
2068void *text_poke_copy(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len)
2069{
2070	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
2071	addr = text_poke_copy_locked(addr, opcode, len, false);
2072	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
2073	return addr;
2074}
2075
2076/**
2077 * text_poke_set - memset into (an unused part of) RX memory
2078 * @addr: address to modify
2079 * @c: the byte to fill the area with
2080 * @len: length to copy, could be more than 2x PAGE_SIZE
2081 *
2082 * This is useful to overwrite unused regions of RX memory with illegal
2083 * instructions.
2084 */
2085void *text_poke_set(void *addr, int c, size_t len)
2086{
2087	unsigned long start = (unsigned long)addr;
2088	size_t patched = 0;
2089
2090	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(core_kernel_text(start)))
2091		return NULL;
2092
2093	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
2094	while (patched < len) {
2095		unsigned long ptr = start + patched;
2096		size_t s;
2097
2098		s = min_t(size_t, PAGE_SIZE * 2 - offset_in_page(ptr), len - patched);
2099
2100		__text_poke(text_poke_memset, (void *)ptr, (void *)&c, s);
2101		patched += s;
 
 
 
 
 
2102	}
2103	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2104	return addr;
2105}
2106
2107static void do_sync_core(void *info)
2108{
2109	sync_core();
2110}
2111
2112void text_poke_sync(void)
2113{
2114	on_each_cpu(do_sync_core, NULL, 1);
2115}
2116
2117/*
2118 * NOTE: crazy scheme to allow patching Jcc.d32 but not increase the size of
2119 * this thing. When len == 6 everything is prefixed with 0x0f and we map
2120 * opcode to Jcc.d8, using len to distinguish.
2121 */
2122struct text_poke_loc {
2123	/* addr := _stext + rel_addr */
2124	s32 rel_addr;
2125	s32 disp;
2126	u8 len;
2127	u8 opcode;
2128	const u8 text[POKE_MAX_OPCODE_SIZE];
2129	/* see text_poke_bp_batch() */
2130	u8 old;
2131};
2132
2133struct bp_patching_desc {
2134	struct text_poke_loc *vec;
2135	int nr_entries;
2136	atomic_t refs;
2137};
2138
2139static struct bp_patching_desc bp_desc;
2140
2141static __always_inline
2142struct bp_patching_desc *try_get_desc(void)
2143{
2144	struct bp_patching_desc *desc = &bp_desc;
2145
2146	if (!raw_atomic_inc_not_zero(&desc->refs))
2147		return NULL;
2148
2149	return desc;
2150}
2151
2152static __always_inline void put_desc(void)
2153{
2154	struct bp_patching_desc *desc = &bp_desc;
2155
2156	smp_mb__before_atomic();
2157	raw_atomic_dec(&desc->refs);
2158}
2159
2160static __always_inline void *text_poke_addr(struct text_poke_loc *tp)
2161{
2162	return _stext + tp->rel_addr;
2163}
2164
2165static __always_inline int patch_cmp(const void *key, const void *elt)
2166{
2167	struct text_poke_loc *tp = (struct text_poke_loc *) elt;
2168
2169	if (key < text_poke_addr(tp))
2170		return -1;
2171	if (key > text_poke_addr(tp))
2172		return 1;
2173	return 0;
2174}
2175
2176noinstr int poke_int3_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
2177{
2178	struct bp_patching_desc *desc;
2179	struct text_poke_loc *tp;
2180	int ret = 0;
2181	void *ip;
2182
2183	if (user_mode(regs))
2184		return 0;
2185
2186	/*
2187	 * Having observed our INT3 instruction, we now must observe
2188	 * bp_desc with non-zero refcount:
 
 
 
 
2189	 *
2190	 *	bp_desc.refs = 1		INT3
2191	 *	WMB				RMB
2192	 *	write INT3			if (bp_desc.refs != 0)
2193	 */
2194	smp_rmb();
2195
2196	desc = try_get_desc();
2197	if (!desc)
2198		return 0;
2199
2200	/*
2201	 * Discount the INT3. See text_poke_bp_batch().
2202	 */
2203	ip = (void *) regs->ip - INT3_INSN_SIZE;
2204
2205	/*
2206	 * Skip the binary search if there is a single member in the vector.
2207	 */
2208	if (unlikely(desc->nr_entries > 1)) {
2209		tp = __inline_bsearch(ip, desc->vec, desc->nr_entries,
2210				      sizeof(struct text_poke_loc),
2211				      patch_cmp);
2212		if (!tp)
2213			goto out_put;
2214	} else {
2215		tp = desc->vec;
2216		if (text_poke_addr(tp) != ip)
2217			goto out_put;
2218	}
2219
2220	ip += tp->len;
2221
2222	switch (tp->opcode) {
2223	case INT3_INSN_OPCODE:
2224		/*
2225		 * Someone poked an explicit INT3, they'll want to handle it,
2226		 * do not consume.
2227		 */
2228		goto out_put;
2229
2230	case RET_INSN_OPCODE:
2231		int3_emulate_ret(regs);
2232		break;
2233
2234	case CALL_INSN_OPCODE:
2235		int3_emulate_call(regs, (long)ip + tp->disp);
2236		break;
2237
2238	case JMP32_INSN_OPCODE:
2239	case JMP8_INSN_OPCODE:
2240		int3_emulate_jmp(regs, (long)ip + tp->disp);
2241		break;
2242
2243	case 0x70 ... 0x7f: /* Jcc */
2244		int3_emulate_jcc(regs, tp->opcode & 0xf, (long)ip, tp->disp);
2245		break;
2246
2247	default:
2248		BUG();
2249	}
2250
2251	ret = 1;
2252
2253out_put:
2254	put_desc();
2255	return ret;
2256}
2257
2258#define TP_VEC_MAX (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct text_poke_loc))
2259static struct text_poke_loc tp_vec[TP_VEC_MAX];
2260static int tp_vec_nr;
2261
2262/**
2263 * text_poke_bp_batch() -- update instructions on live kernel on SMP
2264 * @tp:			vector of instructions to patch
2265 * @nr_entries:		number of entries in the vector
 
 
2266 *
2267 * Modify multi-byte instruction by using int3 breakpoint on SMP.
2268 * We completely avoid stop_machine() here, and achieve the
2269 * synchronization using int3 breakpoint.
2270 *
2271 * The way it is done:
2272 *	- For each entry in the vector:
2273 *		- add a int3 trap to the address that will be patched
2274 *	- sync cores
2275 *	- For each entry in the vector:
2276 *		- update all but the first byte of the patched range
2277 *	- sync cores
2278 *	- For each entry in the vector:
2279 *		- replace the first byte (int3) by the first byte of
2280 *		  replacing opcode
2281 *	- sync cores
 
 
2282 */
2283static void text_poke_bp_batch(struct text_poke_loc *tp, unsigned int nr_entries)
2284{
2285	unsigned char int3 = INT3_INSN_OPCODE;
2286	unsigned int i;
2287	int do_sync;
2288
2289	lockdep_assert_held(&text_mutex);
2290
2291	bp_desc.vec = tp;
2292	bp_desc.nr_entries = nr_entries;
2293
2294	/*
2295	 * Corresponds to the implicit memory barrier in try_get_desc() to
2296	 * ensure reading a non-zero refcount provides up to date bp_desc data.
2297	 */
2298	atomic_set_release(&bp_desc.refs, 1);
2299
2300	/*
2301	 * Function tracing can enable thousands of places that need to be
2302	 * updated. This can take quite some time, and with full kernel debugging
2303	 * enabled, this could cause the softlockup watchdog to trigger.
2304	 * This function gets called every 256 entries added to be patched.
2305	 * Call cond_resched() here to make sure that other tasks can get scheduled
2306	 * while processing all the functions being patched.
2307	 */
2308	cond_resched();
2309
 
 
 
2310	/*
2311	 * Corresponding read barrier in int3 notifier for making sure the
2312	 * nr_entries and handler are correctly ordered wrt. patching.
2313	 */
2314	smp_wmb();
2315
2316	/*
2317	 * First step: add a int3 trap to the address that will be patched.
2318	 */
2319	for (i = 0; i < nr_entries; i++) {
2320		tp[i].old = *(u8 *)text_poke_addr(&tp[i]);
2321		text_poke(text_poke_addr(&tp[i]), &int3, INT3_INSN_SIZE);
2322	}
2323
2324	text_poke_sync();
2325
2326	/*
2327	 * Second step: update all but the first byte of the patched range.
2328	 */
2329	for (do_sync = 0, i = 0; i < nr_entries; i++) {
2330		u8 old[POKE_MAX_OPCODE_SIZE+1] = { tp[i].old, };
2331		u8 _new[POKE_MAX_OPCODE_SIZE+1];
2332		const u8 *new = tp[i].text;
2333		int len = tp[i].len;
2334
2335		if (len - INT3_INSN_SIZE > 0) {
2336			memcpy(old + INT3_INSN_SIZE,
2337			       text_poke_addr(&tp[i]) + INT3_INSN_SIZE,
2338			       len - INT3_INSN_SIZE);
2339
2340			if (len == 6) {
2341				_new[0] = 0x0f;
2342				memcpy(_new + 1, new, 5);
2343				new = _new;
2344			}
2345
2346			text_poke(text_poke_addr(&tp[i]) + INT3_INSN_SIZE,
2347				  new + INT3_INSN_SIZE,
2348				  len - INT3_INSN_SIZE);
2349
2350			do_sync++;
2351		}
2352
2353		/*
2354		 * Emit a perf event to record the text poke, primarily to
2355		 * support Intel PT decoding which must walk the executable code
2356		 * to reconstruct the trace. The flow up to here is:
2357		 *   - write INT3 byte
2358		 *   - IPI-SYNC
2359		 *   - write instruction tail
2360		 * At this point the actual control flow will be through the
2361		 * INT3 and handler and not hit the old or new instruction.
2362		 * Intel PT outputs FUP/TIP packets for the INT3, so the flow
2363		 * can still be decoded. Subsequently:
2364		 *   - emit RECORD_TEXT_POKE with the new instruction
2365		 *   - IPI-SYNC
2366		 *   - write first byte
2367		 *   - IPI-SYNC
2368		 * So before the text poke event timestamp, the decoder will see
2369		 * either the old instruction flow or FUP/TIP of INT3. After the
2370		 * text poke event timestamp, the decoder will see either the
2371		 * new instruction flow or FUP/TIP of INT3. Thus decoders can
2372		 * use the timestamp as the point at which to modify the
2373		 * executable code.
2374		 * The old instruction is recorded so that the event can be
2375		 * processed forwards or backwards.
2376		 */
2377		perf_event_text_poke(text_poke_addr(&tp[i]), old, len, new, len);
2378	}
2379
2380	if (do_sync) {
 
 
 
 
2381		/*
2382		 * According to Intel, this core syncing is very likely
2383		 * not necessary and we'd be safe even without it. But
2384		 * better safe than sorry (plus there's not only Intel).
2385		 */
2386		text_poke_sync();
2387	}
2388
2389	/*
2390	 * Third step: replace the first byte (int3) by the first byte of
2391	 * replacing opcode.
2392	 */
2393	for (do_sync = 0, i = 0; i < nr_entries; i++) {
2394		u8 byte = tp[i].text[0];
2395
2396		if (tp[i].len == 6)
2397			byte = 0x0f;
2398
2399		if (byte == INT3_INSN_OPCODE)
2400			continue;
2401
2402		text_poke(text_poke_addr(&tp[i]), &byte, INT3_INSN_SIZE);
2403		do_sync++;
2404	}
2405
2406	if (do_sync)
2407		text_poke_sync();
2408
 
2409	/*
2410	 * Remove and wait for refs to be zero.
 
2411	 */
2412	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&bp_desc.refs))
2413		atomic_cond_read_acquire(&bp_desc.refs, !VAL);
2414}
2415
2416static void text_poke_loc_init(struct text_poke_loc *tp, void *addr,
2417			       const void *opcode, size_t len, const void *emulate)
2418{
2419	struct insn insn;
2420	int ret, i = 0;
2421
2422	if (len == 6)
2423		i = 1;
2424	memcpy((void *)tp->text, opcode+i, len-i);
2425	if (!emulate)
2426		emulate = opcode;
2427
2428	ret = insn_decode_kernel(&insn, emulate);
2429	BUG_ON(ret < 0);
2430
2431	tp->rel_addr = addr - (void *)_stext;
2432	tp->len = len;
2433	tp->opcode = insn.opcode.bytes[0];
2434
2435	if (is_jcc32(&insn)) {
2436		/*
2437		 * Map Jcc.d32 onto Jcc.d8 and use len to distinguish.
2438		 */
2439		tp->opcode = insn.opcode.bytes[1] - 0x10;
2440	}
2441
2442	switch (tp->opcode) {
2443	case RET_INSN_OPCODE:
2444	case JMP32_INSN_OPCODE:
2445	case JMP8_INSN_OPCODE:
2446		/*
2447		 * Control flow instructions without implied execution of the
2448		 * next instruction can be padded with INT3.
2449		 */
2450		for (i = insn.length; i < len; i++)
2451			BUG_ON(tp->text[i] != INT3_INSN_OPCODE);
2452		break;
2453
2454	default:
2455		BUG_ON(len != insn.length);
2456	}
2457
2458	switch (tp->opcode) {
2459	case INT3_INSN_OPCODE:
2460	case RET_INSN_OPCODE:
2461		break;
2462
2463	case CALL_INSN_OPCODE:
2464	case JMP32_INSN_OPCODE:
2465	case JMP8_INSN_OPCODE:
2466	case 0x70 ... 0x7f: /* Jcc */
2467		tp->disp = insn.immediate.value;
2468		break;
2469
2470	default: /* assume NOP */
2471		switch (len) {
2472		case 2: /* NOP2 -- emulate as JMP8+0 */
2473			BUG_ON(memcmp(emulate, x86_nops[len], len));
2474			tp->opcode = JMP8_INSN_OPCODE;
2475			tp->disp = 0;
2476			break;
2477
2478		case 5: /* NOP5 -- emulate as JMP32+0 */
2479			BUG_ON(memcmp(emulate, x86_nops[len], len));
2480			tp->opcode = JMP32_INSN_OPCODE;
2481			tp->disp = 0;
2482			break;
2483
2484		default: /* unknown instruction */
2485			BUG();
2486		}
2487		break;
2488	}
2489}
2490
2491/*
2492 * We hard rely on the tp_vec being ordered; ensure this is so by flushing
2493 * early if needed.
2494 */
2495static bool tp_order_fail(void *addr)
2496{
2497	struct text_poke_loc *tp;
2498
2499	if (!tp_vec_nr)
2500		return false;
2501
2502	if (!addr) /* force */
2503		return true;
2504
2505	tp = &tp_vec[tp_vec_nr - 1];
2506	if ((unsigned long)text_poke_addr(tp) > (unsigned long)addr)
2507		return true;
2508
2509	return false;
2510}
2511
2512static void text_poke_flush(void *addr)
2513{
2514	if (tp_vec_nr == TP_VEC_MAX || tp_order_fail(addr)) {
2515		text_poke_bp_batch(tp_vec, tp_vec_nr);
2516		tp_vec_nr = 0;
2517	}
2518}
2519
2520void text_poke_finish(void)
2521{
2522	text_poke_flush(NULL);
2523}
2524
2525void __ref text_poke_queue(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len, const void *emulate)
2526{
2527	struct text_poke_loc *tp;
2528
2529	text_poke_flush(addr);
2530
2531	tp = &tp_vec[tp_vec_nr++];
2532	text_poke_loc_init(tp, addr, opcode, len, emulate);
2533}
2534
2535/**
2536 * text_poke_bp() -- update instructions on live kernel on SMP
2537 * @addr:	address to patch
2538 * @opcode:	opcode of new instruction
2539 * @len:	length to copy
2540 * @emulate:	instruction to be emulated
2541 *
2542 * Update a single instruction with the vector in the stack, avoiding
2543 * dynamically allocated memory. This function should be used when it is
2544 * not possible to allocate memory.
2545 */
2546void __ref text_poke_bp(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len, const void *emulate)
2547{
2548	struct text_poke_loc tp;
2549
2550	text_poke_loc_init(&tp, addr, opcode, len, emulate);
2551	text_poke_bp_batch(&tp, 1);
2552}