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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
3
4#include <linux/kernel.h>
5#include <linux/sched.h>
6#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
7#include <linux/init.h>
8#include <linux/export.h>
9#include <linux/timer.h>
10#include <linux/acpi_pmtmr.h>
11#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
12#include <linux/delay.h>
13#include <linux/clocksource.h>
14#include <linux/percpu.h>
15#include <linux/timex.h>
16#include <linux/static_key.h>
17
18#include <asm/hpet.h>
19#include <asm/timer.h>
20#include <asm/vgtod.h>
21#include <asm/time.h>
22#include <asm/delay.h>
23#include <asm/hypervisor.h>
24#include <asm/nmi.h>
25#include <asm/x86_init.h>
26#include <asm/geode.h>
27#include <asm/apic.h>
28#include <asm/intel-family.h>
29#include <asm/i8259.h>
30#include <asm/uv/uv.h>
31
32unsigned int __read_mostly cpu_khz; /* TSC clocks / usec, not used here */
33EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_khz);
34
35unsigned int __read_mostly tsc_khz;
36EXPORT_SYMBOL(tsc_khz);
37
38#define KHZ 1000
39
40/*
41 * TSC can be unstable due to cpufreq or due to unsynced TSCs
42 */
43static int __read_mostly tsc_unstable;
44
45static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(__use_tsc);
46
47int tsc_clocksource_reliable;
48
49static u32 art_to_tsc_numerator;
50static u32 art_to_tsc_denominator;
51static u64 art_to_tsc_offset;
52struct clocksource *art_related_clocksource;
53
54struct cyc2ns {
55 struct cyc2ns_data data[2]; /* 0 + 2*16 = 32 */
56 seqcount_t seq; /* 32 + 4 = 36 */
57
58}; /* fits one cacheline */
59
60static DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct cyc2ns, cyc2ns);
61
62__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_begin(struct cyc2ns_data *data)
63{
64 int seq, idx;
65
66 preempt_disable_notrace();
67
68 do {
69 seq = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.sequence);
70 idx = seq & 1;
71
72 data->cyc2ns_offset = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_offset);
73 data->cyc2ns_mul = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_mul);
74 data->cyc2ns_shift = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_shift);
75
76 } while (unlikely(seq != this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.sequence)));
77}
78
79__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_end(void)
80{
81 preempt_enable_notrace();
82}
83
84/*
85 * Accelerators for sched_clock()
86 * convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
87 * basic equation:
88 * ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
89 * ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
90 * ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
91 * ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
92 *
93 * Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
94 * ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
95 * ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
96 *
97 * And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
98 * into a shift. The larger SC is, the more accurate the conversion, but
99 * cyc2ns_scale needs to be a 32-bit value so that 32-bit multiplication
100 * (64-bit result) can be used.
101 *
102 * We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision.
103 * (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
104 *
105 * -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
106 */
107
108static __always_inline unsigned long long cycles_2_ns(unsigned long long cyc)
109{
110 struct cyc2ns_data data;
111 unsigned long long ns;
112
113 cyc2ns_read_begin(&data);
114
115 ns = data.cyc2ns_offset;
116 ns += mul_u64_u32_shr(cyc, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
117
118 cyc2ns_read_end();
119
120 return ns;
121}
122
123static void __set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
124{
125 unsigned long long ns_now;
126 struct cyc2ns_data data;
127 struct cyc2ns *c2n;
128
129 ns_now = cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
130
131 /*
132 * Compute a new multiplier as per the above comment and ensure our
133 * time function is continuous; see the comment near struct
134 * cyc2ns_data.
135 */
136 clocks_calc_mult_shift(&data.cyc2ns_mul, &data.cyc2ns_shift, khz,
137 NSEC_PER_MSEC, 0);
138
139 /*
140 * cyc2ns_shift is exported via arch_perf_update_userpage() where it is
141 * not expected to be greater than 31 due to the original published
142 * conversion algorithm shifting a 32-bit value (now specifies a 64-bit
143 * value) - refer perf_event_mmap_page documentation in perf_event.h.
144 */
145 if (data.cyc2ns_shift == 32) {
146 data.cyc2ns_shift = 31;
147 data.cyc2ns_mul >>= 1;
148 }
149
150 data.cyc2ns_offset = ns_now -
151 mul_u64_u32_shr(tsc_now, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
152
153 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
154
155 raw_write_seqcount_latch(&c2n->seq);
156 c2n->data[0] = data;
157 raw_write_seqcount_latch(&c2n->seq);
158 c2n->data[1] = data;
159}
160
161static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
162{
163 unsigned long flags;
164
165 local_irq_save(flags);
166 sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();
167
168 if (khz)
169 __set_cyc2ns_scale(khz, cpu, tsc_now);
170
171 sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event();
172 local_irq_restore(flags);
173}
174
175/*
176 * Initialize cyc2ns for boot cpu
177 */
178static void __init cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu(void)
179{
180 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
181
182 seqcount_init(&c2n->seq);
183 __set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, smp_processor_id(), rdtsc());
184}
185
186/*
187 * Secondary CPUs do not run through tsc_init(), so set up
188 * all the scale factors for all CPUs, assuming the same
189 * speed as the bootup CPU.
190 */
191static void __init cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus(void)
192{
193 unsigned int cpu, this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
194 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
195 struct cyc2ns_data *data = c2n->data;
196
197 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
198 if (cpu != this_cpu) {
199 seqcount_init(&c2n->seq);
200 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
201 c2n->data[0] = data[0];
202 c2n->data[1] = data[1];
203 }
204 }
205}
206
207/*
208 * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
209 */
210u64 native_sched_clock(void)
211{
212 if (static_branch_likely(&__use_tsc)) {
213 u64 tsc_now = rdtsc();
214
215 /* return the value in ns */
216 return cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
217 }
218
219 /*
220 * Fall back to jiffies if there's no TSC available:
221 * ( But note that we still use it if the TSC is marked
222 * unstable. We do this because unlike Time Of Day,
223 * the scheduler clock tolerates small errors and it's
224 * very important for it to be as fast as the platform
225 * can achieve it. )
226 */
227
228 /* No locking but a rare wrong value is not a big deal: */
229 return (jiffies_64 - INITIAL_JIFFIES) * (1000000000 / HZ);
230}
231
232/*
233 * Generate a sched_clock if you already have a TSC value.
234 */
235u64 native_sched_clock_from_tsc(u64 tsc)
236{
237 return cycles_2_ns(tsc);
238}
239
240/* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
241 weak default version */
242#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
243unsigned long long sched_clock(void)
244{
245 return paravirt_sched_clock();
246}
247
248bool using_native_sched_clock(void)
249{
250 return pv_ops.time.sched_clock == native_sched_clock;
251}
252#else
253unsigned long long
254sched_clock(void) __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
255
256bool using_native_sched_clock(void) { return true; }
257#endif
258
259int check_tsc_unstable(void)
260{
261 return tsc_unstable;
262}
263EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);
264
265#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
266int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
267{
268 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter notsc");
269 return 1;
270}
271#else
272/*
273 * disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
274 * in cpu/common.c
275 */
276int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
277{
278 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
279 return 1;
280}
281#endif
282
283__setup("notsc", notsc_setup);
284
285static int no_sched_irq_time;
286static int no_tsc_watchdog;
287
288static int __init tsc_setup(char *str)
289{
290 if (!strcmp(str, "reliable"))
291 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
292 if (!strncmp(str, "noirqtime", 9))
293 no_sched_irq_time = 1;
294 if (!strcmp(str, "unstable"))
295 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter");
296 if (!strcmp(str, "nowatchdog"))
297 no_tsc_watchdog = 1;
298 return 1;
299}
300
301__setup("tsc=", tsc_setup);
302
303#define MAX_RETRIES 5
304#define TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD 0x20000
305
306/*
307 * Read TSC and the reference counters. Take care of any disturbances
308 */
309static u64 tsc_read_refs(u64 *p, int hpet)
310{
311 u64 t1, t2;
312 u64 thresh = tsc_khz ? tsc_khz >> 5 : TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
313 int i;
314
315 for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
316 t1 = get_cycles();
317 if (hpet)
318 *p = hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
319 else
320 *p = acpi_pm_read_early();
321 t2 = get_cycles();
322 if ((t2 - t1) < thresh)
323 return t2;
324 }
325 return ULLONG_MAX;
326}
327
328/*
329 * Calculate the TSC frequency from HPET reference
330 */
331static unsigned long calc_hpet_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 hpet1, u64 hpet2)
332{
333 u64 tmp;
334
335 if (hpet2 < hpet1)
336 hpet2 += 0x100000000ULL;
337 hpet2 -= hpet1;
338 tmp = ((u64)hpet2 * hpet_readl(HPET_PERIOD));
339 do_div(tmp, 1000000);
340 deltatsc = div64_u64(deltatsc, tmp);
341
342 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
343}
344
345/*
346 * Calculate the TSC frequency from PMTimer reference
347 */
348static unsigned long calc_pmtimer_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 pm1, u64 pm2)
349{
350 u64 tmp;
351
352 if (!pm1 && !pm2)
353 return ULONG_MAX;
354
355 if (pm2 < pm1)
356 pm2 += (u64)ACPI_PM_OVRRUN;
357 pm2 -= pm1;
358 tmp = pm2 * 1000000000LL;
359 do_div(tmp, PMTMR_TICKS_PER_SEC);
360 do_div(deltatsc, tmp);
361
362 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
363}
364
365#define CAL_MS 10
366#define CAL_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL_MS))
367#define CAL_PIT_LOOPS 1000
368
369#define CAL2_MS 50
370#define CAL2_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL2_MS))
371#define CAL2_PIT_LOOPS 5000
372
373
374/*
375 * Try to calibrate the TSC against the Programmable
376 * Interrupt Timer and return the frequency of the TSC
377 * in kHz.
378 *
379 * Return ULONG_MAX on failure to calibrate.
380 */
381static unsigned long pit_calibrate_tsc(u32 latch, unsigned long ms, int loopmin)
382{
383 u64 tsc, t1, t2, delta;
384 unsigned long tscmin, tscmax;
385 int pitcnt;
386
387 if (!has_legacy_pic()) {
388 /*
389 * Relies on tsc_early_delay_calibrate() to have given us semi
390 * usable udelay(), wait for the same 50ms we would have with
391 * the PIT loop below.
392 */
393 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
394 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
395 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
396 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
397 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
398 return ULONG_MAX;
399 }
400
401 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
402 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
403
404 /*
405 * Setup CTC channel 2* for mode 0, (interrupt on terminal
406 * count mode), binary count. Set the latch register to 50ms
407 * (LSB then MSB) to begin countdown.
408 */
409 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
410 outb(latch & 0xff, 0x42);
411 outb(latch >> 8, 0x42);
412
413 tsc = t1 = t2 = get_cycles();
414
415 pitcnt = 0;
416 tscmax = 0;
417 tscmin = ULONG_MAX;
418 while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0) {
419 t2 = get_cycles();
420 delta = t2 - tsc;
421 tsc = t2;
422 if ((unsigned long) delta < tscmin)
423 tscmin = (unsigned int) delta;
424 if ((unsigned long) delta > tscmax)
425 tscmax = (unsigned int) delta;
426 pitcnt++;
427 }
428
429 /*
430 * Sanity checks:
431 *
432 * If we were not able to read the PIT more than loopmin
433 * times, then we have been hit by a massive SMI
434 *
435 * If the maximum is 10 times larger than the minimum,
436 * then we got hit by an SMI as well.
437 */
438 if (pitcnt < loopmin || tscmax > 10 * tscmin)
439 return ULONG_MAX;
440
441 /* Calculate the PIT value */
442 delta = t2 - t1;
443 do_div(delta, ms);
444 return delta;
445}
446
447/*
448 * This reads the current MSB of the PIT counter, and
449 * checks if we are running on sufficiently fast and
450 * non-virtualized hardware.
451 *
452 * Our expectations are:
453 *
454 * - the PIT is running at roughly 1.19MHz
455 *
456 * - each IO is going to take about 1us on real hardware,
457 * but we allow it to be much faster (by a factor of 10) or
458 * _slightly_ slower (ie we allow up to a 2us read+counter
459 * update - anything else implies a unacceptably slow CPU
460 * or PIT for the fast calibration to work.
461 *
462 * - with 256 PIT ticks to read the value, we have 214us to
463 * see the same MSB (and overhead like doing a single TSC
464 * read per MSB value etc).
465 *
466 * - We're doing 2 reads per loop (LSB, MSB), and we expect
467 * them each to take about a microsecond on real hardware.
468 * So we expect a count value of around 100. But we'll be
469 * generous, and accept anything over 50.
470 *
471 * - if the PIT is stuck, and we see *many* more reads, we
472 * return early (and the next caller of pit_expect_msb()
473 * then consider it a failure when they don't see the
474 * next expected value).
475 *
476 * These expectations mean that we know that we have seen the
477 * transition from one expected value to another with a fairly
478 * high accuracy, and we didn't miss any events. We can thus
479 * use the TSC value at the transitions to calculate a pretty
480 * good value for the TSC frequencty.
481 */
482static inline int pit_verify_msb(unsigned char val)
483{
484 /* Ignore LSB */
485 inb(0x42);
486 return inb(0x42) == val;
487}
488
489static inline int pit_expect_msb(unsigned char val, u64 *tscp, unsigned long *deltap)
490{
491 int count;
492 u64 tsc = 0, prev_tsc = 0;
493
494 for (count = 0; count < 50000; count++) {
495 if (!pit_verify_msb(val))
496 break;
497 prev_tsc = tsc;
498 tsc = get_cycles();
499 }
500 *deltap = get_cycles() - prev_tsc;
501 *tscp = tsc;
502
503 /*
504 * We require _some_ success, but the quality control
505 * will be based on the error terms on the TSC values.
506 */
507 return count > 5;
508}
509
510/*
511 * How many MSB values do we want to see? We aim for
512 * a maximum error rate of 500ppm (in practice the
513 * real error is much smaller), but refuse to spend
514 * more than 50ms on it.
515 */
516#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS 50
517#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS (MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS * PIT_TICK_RATE / 1000 / 256)
518
519static unsigned long quick_pit_calibrate(void)
520{
521 int i;
522 u64 tsc, delta;
523 unsigned long d1, d2;
524
525 if (!has_legacy_pic())
526 return 0;
527
528 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
529 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
530
531 /*
532 * Counter 2, mode 0 (one-shot), binary count
533 *
534 * NOTE! Mode 2 decrements by two (and then the
535 * output is flipped each time, giving the same
536 * final output frequency as a decrement-by-one),
537 * so mode 0 is much better when looking at the
538 * individual counts.
539 */
540 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
541
542 /* Start at 0xffff */
543 outb(0xff, 0x42);
544 outb(0xff, 0x42);
545
546 /*
547 * The PIT starts counting at the next edge, so we
548 * need to delay for a microsecond. The easiest way
549 * to do that is to just read back the 16-bit counter
550 * once from the PIT.
551 */
552 pit_verify_msb(0);
553
554 if (pit_expect_msb(0xff, &tsc, &d1)) {
555 for (i = 1; i <= MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS; i++) {
556 if (!pit_expect_msb(0xff-i, &delta, &d2))
557 break;
558
559 delta -= tsc;
560
561 /*
562 * Extrapolate the error and fail fast if the error will
563 * never be below 500 ppm.
564 */
565 if (i == 1 &&
566 d1 + d2 >= (delta * MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS) >> 11)
567 return 0;
568
569 /*
570 * Iterate until the error is less than 500 ppm
571 */
572 if (d1+d2 >= delta >> 11)
573 continue;
574
575 /*
576 * Check the PIT one more time to verify that
577 * all TSC reads were stable wrt the PIT.
578 *
579 * This also guarantees serialization of the
580 * last cycle read ('d2') in pit_expect_msb.
581 */
582 if (!pit_verify_msb(0xfe - i))
583 break;
584 goto success;
585 }
586 }
587 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration failed\n");
588 return 0;
589
590success:
591 /*
592 * Ok, if we get here, then we've seen the
593 * MSB of the PIT decrement 'i' times, and the
594 * error has shrunk to less than 500 ppm.
595 *
596 * As a result, we can depend on there not being
597 * any odd delays anywhere, and the TSC reads are
598 * reliable (within the error).
599 *
600 * kHz = ticks / time-in-seconds / 1000;
601 * kHz = (t2 - t1) / (I * 256 / PIT_TICK_RATE) / 1000
602 * kHz = ((t2 - t1) * PIT_TICK_RATE) / (I * 256 * 1000)
603 */
604 delta *= PIT_TICK_RATE;
605 do_div(delta, i*256*1000);
606 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration using PIT\n");
607 return delta;
608}
609
610/**
611 * native_calibrate_tsc
612 * Determine TSC frequency via CPUID, else return 0.
613 */
614unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void)
615{
616 unsigned int eax_denominator, ebx_numerator, ecx_hz, edx;
617 unsigned int crystal_khz;
618
619 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
620 return 0;
621
622 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x15)
623 return 0;
624
625 eax_denominator = ebx_numerator = ecx_hz = edx = 0;
626
627 /* CPUID 15H TSC/Crystal ratio, plus optionally Crystal Hz */
628 cpuid(0x15, &eax_denominator, &ebx_numerator, &ecx_hz, &edx);
629
630 if (ebx_numerator == 0 || eax_denominator == 0)
631 return 0;
632
633 crystal_khz = ecx_hz / 1000;
634
635 /*
636 * Denverton SoCs don't report crystal clock, and also don't support
637 * CPUID.0x16 for the calculation below, so hardcode the 25MHz crystal
638 * clock.
639 */
640 if (crystal_khz == 0 &&
641 boot_cpu_data.x86_model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT_D)
642 crystal_khz = 25000;
643
644 /*
645 * TSC frequency reported directly by CPUID is a "hardware reported"
646 * frequency and is the most accurate one so far we have. This
647 * is considered a known frequency.
648 */
649 if (crystal_khz != 0)
650 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ);
651
652 /*
653 * Some Intel SoCs like Skylake and Kabylake don't report the crystal
654 * clock, but we can easily calculate it to a high degree of accuracy
655 * by considering the crystal ratio and the CPU speed.
656 */
657 if (crystal_khz == 0 && boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level >= 0x16) {
658 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx, ecx, edx;
659
660 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
661 crystal_khz = eax_base_mhz * 1000 *
662 eax_denominator / ebx_numerator;
663 }
664
665 if (crystal_khz == 0)
666 return 0;
667
668 /*
669 * For Atom SoCs TSC is the only reliable clocksource.
670 * Mark TSC reliable so no watchdog on it.
671 */
672 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT)
673 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE);
674
675#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
676 /*
677 * The local APIC appears to be fed by the core crystal clock
678 * (which sounds entirely sensible). We can set the global
679 * lapic_timer_period here to avoid having to calibrate the APIC
680 * timer later.
681 */
682 lapic_timer_period = crystal_khz * 1000 / HZ;
683#endif
684
685 return crystal_khz * ebx_numerator / eax_denominator;
686}
687
688static unsigned long cpu_khz_from_cpuid(void)
689{
690 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx_max_mhz, ecx_bus_mhz, edx;
691
692 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
693 return 0;
694
695 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x16)
696 return 0;
697
698 eax_base_mhz = ebx_max_mhz = ecx_bus_mhz = edx = 0;
699
700 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx_max_mhz, &ecx_bus_mhz, &edx);
701
702 return eax_base_mhz * 1000;
703}
704
705/*
706 * calibrate cpu using pit, hpet, and ptimer methods. They are available
707 * later in boot after acpi is initialized.
708 */
709static unsigned long pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu(void)
710{
711 u64 tsc1, tsc2, delta, ref1, ref2;
712 unsigned long tsc_pit_min = ULONG_MAX, tsc_ref_min = ULONG_MAX;
713 unsigned long flags, latch, ms;
714 int hpet = is_hpet_enabled(), i, loopmin;
715
716 /*
717 * Run 5 calibration loops to get the lowest frequency value
718 * (the best estimate). We use two different calibration modes
719 * here:
720 *
721 * 1) PIT loop. We set the PIT Channel 2 to oneshot mode and
722 * load a timeout of 50ms. We read the time right after we
723 * started the timer and wait until the PIT count down reaches
724 * zero. In each wait loop iteration we read the TSC and check
725 * the delta to the previous read. We keep track of the min
726 * and max values of that delta. The delta is mostly defined
727 * by the IO time of the PIT access, so we can detect when
728 * any disturbance happened between the two reads. If the
729 * maximum time is significantly larger than the minimum time,
730 * then we discard the result and have another try.
731 *
732 * 2) Reference counter. If available we use the HPET or the
733 * PMTIMER as a reference to check the sanity of that value.
734 * We use separate TSC readouts and check inside of the
735 * reference read for any possible disturbance. We dicard
736 * disturbed values here as well. We do that around the PIT
737 * calibration delay loop as we have to wait for a certain
738 * amount of time anyway.
739 */
740
741 /* Preset PIT loop values */
742 latch = CAL_LATCH;
743 ms = CAL_MS;
744 loopmin = CAL_PIT_LOOPS;
745
746 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
747 unsigned long tsc_pit_khz;
748
749 /*
750 * Read the start value and the reference count of
751 * hpet/pmtimer when available. Then do the PIT
752 * calibration, which will take at least 50ms, and
753 * read the end value.
754 */
755 local_irq_save(flags);
756 tsc1 = tsc_read_refs(&ref1, hpet);
757 tsc_pit_khz = pit_calibrate_tsc(latch, ms, loopmin);
758 tsc2 = tsc_read_refs(&ref2, hpet);
759 local_irq_restore(flags);
760
761 /* Pick the lowest PIT TSC calibration so far */
762 tsc_pit_min = min(tsc_pit_min, tsc_pit_khz);
763
764 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
765 if (ref1 == ref2)
766 continue;
767
768 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
769 if (tsc1 == ULLONG_MAX || tsc2 == ULLONG_MAX)
770 continue;
771
772 tsc2 = (tsc2 - tsc1) * 1000000LL;
773 if (hpet)
774 tsc2 = calc_hpet_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
775 else
776 tsc2 = calc_pmtimer_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
777
778 tsc_ref_min = min(tsc_ref_min, (unsigned long) tsc2);
779
780 /* Check the reference deviation */
781 delta = ((u64) tsc_pit_min) * 100;
782 do_div(delta, tsc_ref_min);
783
784 /*
785 * If both calibration results are inside a 10% window
786 * then we can be sure, that the calibration
787 * succeeded. We break out of the loop right away. We
788 * use the reference value, as it is more precise.
789 */
790 if (delta >= 90 && delta <= 110) {
791 pr_info("PIT calibration matches %s. %d loops\n",
792 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", i + 1);
793 return tsc_ref_min;
794 }
795
796 /*
797 * Check whether PIT failed more than once. This
798 * happens in virtualized environments. We need to
799 * give the virtual PC a slightly longer timeframe for
800 * the HPET/PMTIMER to make the result precise.
801 */
802 if (i == 1 && tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
803 latch = CAL2_LATCH;
804 ms = CAL2_MS;
805 loopmin = CAL2_PIT_LOOPS;
806 }
807 }
808
809 /*
810 * Now check the results.
811 */
812 if (tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
813 /* PIT gave no useful value */
814 pr_warn("Unable to calibrate against PIT\n");
815
816 /* We don't have an alternative source, disable TSC */
817 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
818 pr_notice("No reference (HPET/PMTIMER) available\n");
819 return 0;
820 }
821
822 /* The alternative source failed as well, disable TSC */
823 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
824 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed\n");
825 return 0;
826 }
827
828 /* Use the alternative source */
829 pr_info("using %s reference calibration\n",
830 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER");
831
832 return tsc_ref_min;
833 }
834
835 /* We don't have an alternative source, use the PIT calibration value */
836 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
837 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
838 return tsc_pit_min;
839 }
840
841 /* The alternative source failed, use the PIT calibration value */
842 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
843 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed. Using PIT calibration.\n");
844 return tsc_pit_min;
845 }
846
847 /*
848 * The calibration values differ too much. In doubt, we use
849 * the PIT value as we know that there are PMTIMERs around
850 * running at double speed. At least we let the user know:
851 */
852 pr_warn("PIT calibration deviates from %s: %lu %lu\n",
853 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", tsc_pit_min, tsc_ref_min);
854 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
855 return tsc_pit_min;
856}
857
858/**
859 * native_calibrate_cpu_early - can calibrate the cpu early in boot
860 */
861unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu_early(void)
862{
863 unsigned long flags, fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_cpuid();
864
865 if (!fast_calibrate)
866 fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_msr();
867 if (!fast_calibrate) {
868 local_irq_save(flags);
869 fast_calibrate = quick_pit_calibrate();
870 local_irq_restore(flags);
871 }
872 return fast_calibrate;
873}
874
875
876/**
877 * native_calibrate_cpu - calibrate the cpu
878 */
879static unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu(void)
880{
881 unsigned long tsc_freq = native_calibrate_cpu_early();
882
883 if (!tsc_freq)
884 tsc_freq = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
885
886 return tsc_freq;
887}
888
889void recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
890{
891#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
892 unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;
893
894 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
895 return;
896
897 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
898 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
899 if (tsc_khz == 0)
900 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
901 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
902 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
903 cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy = cpufreq_scale(cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy,
904 cpu_khz_old, cpu_khz);
905#endif
906}
907
908EXPORT_SYMBOL(recalibrate_cpu_khz);
909
910
911static unsigned long long cyc2ns_suspend;
912
913void tsc_save_sched_clock_state(void)
914{
915 if (!sched_clock_stable())
916 return;
917
918 cyc2ns_suspend = sched_clock();
919}
920
921/*
922 * Even on processors with invariant TSC, TSC gets reset in some the
923 * ACPI system sleep states. And in some systems BIOS seem to reinit TSC to
924 * arbitrary value (still sync'd across cpu's) during resume from such sleep
925 * states. To cope up with this, recompute the cyc2ns_offset for each cpu so
926 * that sched_clock() continues from the point where it was left off during
927 * suspend.
928 */
929void tsc_restore_sched_clock_state(void)
930{
931 unsigned long long offset;
932 unsigned long flags;
933 int cpu;
934
935 if (!sched_clock_stable())
936 return;
937
938 local_irq_save(flags);
939
940 /*
941 * We're coming out of suspend, there's no concurrency yet; don't
942 * bother being nice about the RCU stuff, just write to both
943 * data fields.
944 */
945
946 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
947 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
948
949 offset = cyc2ns_suspend - sched_clock();
950
951 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
952 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
953 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
954 }
955
956 local_irq_restore(flags);
957}
958
959#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ
960/*
961 * Frequency scaling support. Adjust the TSC based timer when the CPU frequency
962 * changes.
963 *
964 * NOTE: On SMP the situation is not fixable in general, so simply mark the TSC
965 * as unstable and give up in those cases.
966 *
967 * Should fix up last_tsc too. Currently gettimeofday in the
968 * first tick after the change will be slightly wrong.
969 */
970
971static unsigned int ref_freq;
972static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref;
973static unsigned long tsc_khz_ref;
974
975static int time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
976 void *data)
977{
978 struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
979
980 if (num_online_cpus() > 1) {
981 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes on SMP");
982 return 0;
983 }
984
985 if (!ref_freq) {
986 ref_freq = freq->old;
987 loops_per_jiffy_ref = boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy;
988 tsc_khz_ref = tsc_khz;
989 }
990
991 if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE && freq->old < freq->new) ||
992 (val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new)) {
993 boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy =
994 cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
995
996 tsc_khz = cpufreq_scale(tsc_khz_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
997 if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
998 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
999
1000 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, freq->policy->cpu, rdtsc());
1001 }
1002
1003 return 0;
1004}
1005
1006static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
1007 .notifier_call = time_cpufreq_notifier
1008};
1009
1010static int __init cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling(void)
1011{
1012 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1013 return 0;
1014 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1015 return 0;
1016 cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
1017 CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
1018 return 0;
1019}
1020
1021core_initcall(cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling);
1022
1023#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_FREQ */
1024
1025#define ART_CPUID_LEAF (0x15)
1026#define ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR (1)
1027
1028
1029/*
1030 * If ART is present detect the numerator:denominator to convert to TSC
1031 */
1032static void __init detect_art(void)
1033{
1034 unsigned int unused[2];
1035
1036 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < ART_CPUID_LEAF)
1037 return;
1038
1039 /*
1040 * Don't enable ART in a VM, non-stop TSC and TSC_ADJUST required,
1041 * and the TSC counter resets must not occur asynchronously.
1042 */
1043 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR) ||
1044 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC) ||
1045 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_ADJUST) ||
1046 tsc_async_resets)
1047 return;
1048
1049 cpuid(ART_CPUID_LEAF, &art_to_tsc_denominator,
1050 &art_to_tsc_numerator, unused, unused+1);
1051
1052 if (art_to_tsc_denominator < ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR)
1053 return;
1054
1055 rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_TSC_ADJUST, art_to_tsc_offset);
1056
1057 /* Make this sticky over multiple CPU init calls */
1058 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_ART);
1059}
1060
1061
1062/* clocksource code */
1063
1064static void tsc_resume(struct clocksource *cs)
1065{
1066 tsc_verify_tsc_adjust(true);
1067}
1068
1069/*
1070 * We used to compare the TSC to the cycle_last value in the clocksource
1071 * structure to avoid a nasty time-warp. This can be observed in a
1072 * very small window right after one CPU updated cycle_last under
1073 * xtime/vsyscall_gtod lock and the other CPU reads a TSC value which
1074 * is smaller than the cycle_last reference value due to a TSC which
1075 * is slighty behind. This delta is nowhere else observable, but in
1076 * that case it results in a forward time jump in the range of hours
1077 * due to the unsigned delta calculation of the time keeping core
1078 * code, which is necessary to support wrapping clocksources like pm
1079 * timer.
1080 *
1081 * This sanity check is now done in the core timekeeping code.
1082 * checking the result of read_tsc() - cycle_last for being negative.
1083 * That works because CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64) does not mask out any bit.
1084 */
1085static u64 read_tsc(struct clocksource *cs)
1086{
1087 return (u64)rdtsc_ordered();
1088}
1089
1090static void tsc_cs_mark_unstable(struct clocksource *cs)
1091{
1092 if (tsc_unstable)
1093 return;
1094
1095 tsc_unstable = 1;
1096 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1097 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1098 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1099 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to clocksource watchdog\n");
1100}
1101
1102static void tsc_cs_tick_stable(struct clocksource *cs)
1103{
1104 if (tsc_unstable)
1105 return;
1106
1107 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1108 sched_clock_tick_stable();
1109}
1110
1111/*
1112 * .mask MUST be CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64). See comment above read_tsc()
1113 */
1114static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc_early = {
1115 .name = "tsc-early",
1116 .rating = 299,
1117 .read = read_tsc,
1118 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1119 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1120 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
1121 .archdata = { .vclock_mode = VCLOCK_TSC },
1122 .resume = tsc_resume,
1123 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1124 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1125 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc_early.list),
1126};
1127
1128/*
1129 * Must mark VALID_FOR_HRES early such that when we unregister tsc_early
1130 * this one will immediately take over. We will only register if TSC has
1131 * been found good.
1132 */
1133static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
1134 .name = "tsc",
1135 .rating = 300,
1136 .read = read_tsc,
1137 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1138 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1139 CLOCK_SOURCE_VALID_FOR_HRES |
1140 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
1141 .archdata = { .vclock_mode = VCLOCK_TSC },
1142 .resume = tsc_resume,
1143 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1144 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1145 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc.list),
1146};
1147
1148void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
1149{
1150 if (tsc_unstable)
1151 return;
1152
1153 tsc_unstable = 1;
1154 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1155 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1156 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1157 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to %s\n", reason);
1158
1159 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1160 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc);
1161}
1162
1163EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);
1164
1165static void __init check_system_tsc_reliable(void)
1166{
1167#if defined(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1) || defined(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX) || defined(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC)
1168 if (is_geode_lx()) {
1169 /* RTSC counts during suspend */
1170#define RTSC_SUSP 0x100
1171 unsigned long res_low, res_high;
1172
1173 rdmsr_safe(MSR_GEODE_BUSCONT_CONF0, &res_low, &res_high);
1174 /* Geode_LX - the OLPC CPU has a very reliable TSC */
1175 if (res_low & RTSC_SUSP)
1176 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1177 }
1178#endif
1179 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE))
1180 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1181}
1182
1183/*
1184 * Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
1185 * over all CPUs.
1186 */
1187int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
1188{
1189 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || tsc_unstable)
1190 return 1;
1191
1192#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1193 if (apic_is_clustered_box())
1194 return 1;
1195#endif
1196
1197 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1198 return 0;
1199
1200 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable)
1201 return 0;
1202 /*
1203 * Intel systems are normally all synchronized.
1204 * Exceptions must mark TSC as unstable:
1205 */
1206 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL) {
1207 /* assume multi socket systems are not synchronized: */
1208 if (num_possible_cpus() > 1)
1209 return 1;
1210 }
1211
1212 return 0;
1213}
1214
1215/*
1216 * Convert ART to TSC given numerator/denominator found in detect_art()
1217 */
1218struct system_counterval_t convert_art_to_tsc(u64 art)
1219{
1220 u64 tmp, res, rem;
1221
1222 rem = do_div(art, art_to_tsc_denominator);
1223
1224 res = art * art_to_tsc_numerator;
1225 tmp = rem * art_to_tsc_numerator;
1226
1227 do_div(tmp, art_to_tsc_denominator);
1228 res += tmp + art_to_tsc_offset;
1229
1230 return (struct system_counterval_t) {.cs = art_related_clocksource,
1231 .cycles = res};
1232}
1233EXPORT_SYMBOL(convert_art_to_tsc);
1234
1235/**
1236 * convert_art_ns_to_tsc() - Convert ART in nanoseconds to TSC.
1237 * @art_ns: ART (Always Running Timer) in unit of nanoseconds
1238 *
1239 * PTM requires all timestamps to be in units of nanoseconds. When user
1240 * software requests a cross-timestamp, this function converts system timestamp
1241 * to TSC.
1242 *
1243 * This is valid when CPU feature flag X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ is set
1244 * indicating the tsc_khz is derived from CPUID[15H]. Drivers should check
1245 * that this flag is set before conversion to TSC is attempted.
1246 *
1247 * Return:
1248 * struct system_counterval_t - system counter value with the pointer to the
1249 * corresponding clocksource
1250 * @cycles: System counter value
1251 * @cs: Clocksource corresponding to system counter value. Used
1252 * by timekeeping code to verify comparibility of two cycle
1253 * values.
1254 */
1255
1256struct system_counterval_t convert_art_ns_to_tsc(u64 art_ns)
1257{
1258 u64 tmp, res, rem;
1259
1260 rem = do_div(art_ns, USEC_PER_SEC);
1261
1262 res = art_ns * tsc_khz;
1263 tmp = rem * tsc_khz;
1264
1265 do_div(tmp, USEC_PER_SEC);
1266 res += tmp;
1267
1268 return (struct system_counterval_t) { .cs = art_related_clocksource,
1269 .cycles = res};
1270}
1271EXPORT_SYMBOL(convert_art_ns_to_tsc);
1272
1273
1274static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work);
1275static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(tsc_irqwork, tsc_refine_calibration_work);
1276/**
1277 * tsc_refine_calibration_work - Further refine tsc freq calibration
1278 * @work - ignored.
1279 *
1280 * This functions uses delayed work over a period of a
1281 * second to further refine the TSC freq value. Since this is
1282 * timer based, instead of loop based, we don't block the boot
1283 * process while this longer calibration is done.
1284 *
1285 * If there are any calibration anomalies (too many SMIs, etc),
1286 * or the refined calibration is off by 1% of the fast early
1287 * calibration, we throw out the new calibration and use the
1288 * early calibration.
1289 */
1290static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work)
1291{
1292 static u64 tsc_start = ULLONG_MAX, ref_start;
1293 static int hpet;
1294 u64 tsc_stop, ref_stop, delta;
1295 unsigned long freq;
1296 int cpu;
1297
1298 /* Don't bother refining TSC on unstable systems */
1299 if (tsc_unstable)
1300 goto unreg;
1301
1302 /*
1303 * Since the work is started early in boot, we may be
1304 * delayed the first time we expire. So set the workqueue
1305 * again once we know timers are working.
1306 */
1307 if (tsc_start == ULLONG_MAX) {
1308restart:
1309 /*
1310 * Only set hpet once, to avoid mixing hardware
1311 * if the hpet becomes enabled later.
1312 */
1313 hpet = is_hpet_enabled();
1314 tsc_start = tsc_read_refs(&ref_start, hpet);
1315 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, HZ);
1316 return;
1317 }
1318
1319 tsc_stop = tsc_read_refs(&ref_stop, hpet);
1320
1321 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
1322 if (ref_start == ref_stop)
1323 goto out;
1324
1325 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
1326 if (tsc_stop == ULLONG_MAX)
1327 goto restart;
1328
1329 delta = tsc_stop - tsc_start;
1330 delta *= 1000000LL;
1331 if (hpet)
1332 freq = calc_hpet_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1333 else
1334 freq = calc_pmtimer_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1335
1336 /* Make sure we're within 1% */
1337 if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > tsc_khz/100)
1338 goto out;
1339
1340 tsc_khz = freq;
1341 pr_info("Refined TSC clocksource calibration: %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1342 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
1343 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
1344
1345 /* Inform the TSC deadline clockevent devices about the recalibration */
1346 lapic_update_tsc_freq();
1347
1348 /* Update the sched_clock() rate to match the clocksource one */
1349 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1350 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, cpu, tsc_stop);
1351
1352out:
1353 if (tsc_unstable)
1354 goto unreg;
1355
1356 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART))
1357 art_related_clocksource = &clocksource_tsc;
1358 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1359unreg:
1360 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1361}
1362
1363
1364static int __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
1365{
1366 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || !tsc_khz)
1367 return 0;
1368
1369 if (tsc_unstable)
1370 goto unreg;
1371
1372 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable || no_tsc_watchdog)
1373 clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1374
1375 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC_S3))
1376 clocksource_tsc.flags |= CLOCK_SOURCE_SUSPEND_NONSTOP;
1377
1378 /*
1379 * When TSC frequency is known (retrieved via MSR or CPUID), we skip
1380 * the refined calibration and directly register it as a clocksource.
1381 */
1382 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
1383 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART))
1384 art_related_clocksource = &clocksource_tsc;
1385 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1386unreg:
1387 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1388 return 0;
1389 }
1390
1391 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, 0);
1392 return 0;
1393}
1394/*
1395 * We use device_initcall here, to ensure we run after the hpet
1396 * is fully initialized, which may occur at fs_initcall time.
1397 */
1398device_initcall(init_tsc_clocksource);
1399
1400static bool __init determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(bool early)
1401{
1402 /* Make sure that cpu and tsc are not already calibrated */
1403 WARN_ON(cpu_khz || tsc_khz);
1404
1405 if (early) {
1406 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
1407 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
1408 } else {
1409 /* We should not be here with non-native cpu calibration */
1410 WARN_ON(x86_platform.calibrate_cpu != native_calibrate_cpu);
1411 cpu_khz = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
1412 }
1413
1414 /*
1415 * Trust non-zero tsc_khz as authoritative,
1416 * and use it to sanity check cpu_khz,
1417 * which will be off if system timer is off.
1418 */
1419 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1420 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
1421 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
1422 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
1423
1424 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1425 return false;
1426
1427 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor\n",
1428 (unsigned long)cpu_khz / KHZ,
1429 (unsigned long)cpu_khz % KHZ);
1430
1431 if (cpu_khz != tsc_khz) {
1432 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz TSC",
1433 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / KHZ,
1434 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % KHZ);
1435 }
1436 return true;
1437}
1438
1439static unsigned long __init get_loops_per_jiffy(void)
1440{
1441 u64 lpj = (u64)tsc_khz * KHZ;
1442
1443 do_div(lpj, HZ);
1444 return lpj;
1445}
1446
1447static void __init tsc_enable_sched_clock(void)
1448{
1449 /* Sanitize TSC ADJUST before cyc2ns gets initialized */
1450 tsc_store_and_check_tsc_adjust(true);
1451 cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu();
1452 static_branch_enable(&__use_tsc);
1453}
1454
1455void __init tsc_early_init(void)
1456{
1457 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1458 return;
1459 /* Don't change UV TSC multi-chassis synchronization */
1460 if (is_early_uv_system())
1461 return;
1462 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(true))
1463 return;
1464 loops_per_jiffy = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1465
1466 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1467}
1468
1469void __init tsc_init(void)
1470{
1471 /*
1472 * native_calibrate_cpu_early can only calibrate using methods that are
1473 * available early in boot.
1474 */
1475 if (x86_platform.calibrate_cpu == native_calibrate_cpu_early)
1476 x86_platform.calibrate_cpu = native_calibrate_cpu;
1477
1478 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
1479 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1480 return;
1481 }
1482
1483 if (!tsc_khz) {
1484 /* We failed to determine frequencies earlier, try again */
1485 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(false)) {
1486 mark_tsc_unstable("could not calculate TSC khz");
1487 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1488 return;
1489 }
1490 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1491 }
1492
1493 cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus();
1494
1495 if (!no_sched_irq_time)
1496 enable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1497
1498 lpj_fine = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1499 use_tsc_delay();
1500
1501 check_system_tsc_reliable();
1502
1503 if (unsynchronized_tsc()) {
1504 mark_tsc_unstable("TSCs unsynchronized");
1505 return;
1506 }
1507
1508 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable || no_tsc_watchdog)
1509 clocksource_tsc_early.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1510
1511 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc_early, tsc_khz);
1512 detect_art();
1513}
1514
1515#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1516/*
1517 * If we have a constant TSC and are using the TSC for the delay loop,
1518 * we can skip clock calibration if another cpu in the same socket has already
1519 * been calibrated. This assumes that CONSTANT_TSC applies to all
1520 * cpus in the socket - this should be a safe assumption.
1521 */
1522unsigned long calibrate_delay_is_known(void)
1523{
1524 int sibling, cpu = smp_processor_id();
1525 int constant_tsc = cpu_has(&cpu_data(cpu), X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC);
1526 const struct cpumask *mask = topology_core_cpumask(cpu);
1527
1528 if (!constant_tsc || !mask)
1529 return 0;
1530
1531 sibling = cpumask_any_but(mask, cpu);
1532 if (sibling < nr_cpu_ids)
1533 return cpu_data(sibling).loops_per_jiffy;
1534 return 0;
1535}
1536#endif
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
3
4#include <linux/kernel.h>
5#include <linux/sched.h>
6#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
7#include <linux/init.h>
8#include <linux/export.h>
9#include <linux/timer.h>
10#include <linux/acpi_pmtmr.h>
11#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
12#include <linux/delay.h>
13#include <linux/clocksource.h>
14#include <linux/percpu.h>
15#include <linux/timex.h>
16#include <linux/static_key.h>
17#include <linux/static_call.h>
18
19#include <asm/hpet.h>
20#include <asm/timer.h>
21#include <asm/vgtod.h>
22#include <asm/time.h>
23#include <asm/delay.h>
24#include <asm/hypervisor.h>
25#include <asm/nmi.h>
26#include <asm/x86_init.h>
27#include <asm/geode.h>
28#include <asm/apic.h>
29#include <asm/intel-family.h>
30#include <asm/i8259.h>
31#include <asm/uv/uv.h>
32
33unsigned int __read_mostly cpu_khz; /* TSC clocks / usec, not used here */
34EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_khz);
35
36unsigned int __read_mostly tsc_khz;
37EXPORT_SYMBOL(tsc_khz);
38
39#define KHZ 1000
40
41/*
42 * TSC can be unstable due to cpufreq or due to unsynced TSCs
43 */
44static int __read_mostly tsc_unstable;
45static unsigned int __initdata tsc_early_khz;
46
47static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(__use_tsc);
48
49int tsc_clocksource_reliable;
50
51static int __read_mostly tsc_force_recalibrate;
52
53static u32 art_to_tsc_numerator;
54static u32 art_to_tsc_denominator;
55static u64 art_to_tsc_offset;
56static struct clocksource *art_related_clocksource;
57
58struct cyc2ns {
59 struct cyc2ns_data data[2]; /* 0 + 2*16 = 32 */
60 seqcount_latch_t seq; /* 32 + 4 = 36 */
61
62}; /* fits one cacheline */
63
64static DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct cyc2ns, cyc2ns);
65
66static int __init tsc_early_khz_setup(char *buf)
67{
68 return kstrtouint(buf, 0, &tsc_early_khz);
69}
70early_param("tsc_early_khz", tsc_early_khz_setup);
71
72__always_inline void __cyc2ns_read(struct cyc2ns_data *data)
73{
74 int seq, idx;
75
76 do {
77 seq = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.seqcount.sequence);
78 idx = seq & 1;
79
80 data->cyc2ns_offset = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_offset);
81 data->cyc2ns_mul = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_mul);
82 data->cyc2ns_shift = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_shift);
83
84 } while (unlikely(seq != this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.seqcount.sequence)));
85}
86
87__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_begin(struct cyc2ns_data *data)
88{
89 preempt_disable_notrace();
90 __cyc2ns_read(data);
91}
92
93__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_end(void)
94{
95 preempt_enable_notrace();
96}
97
98/*
99 * Accelerators for sched_clock()
100 * convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
101 * basic equation:
102 * ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
103 * ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
104 * ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
105 * ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
106 *
107 * Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
108 * ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
109 * ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
110 *
111 * And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
112 * into a shift. The larger SC is, the more accurate the conversion, but
113 * cyc2ns_scale needs to be a 32-bit value so that 32-bit multiplication
114 * (64-bit result) can be used.
115 *
116 * We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision.
117 * (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
118 *
119 * -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
120 */
121
122static __always_inline unsigned long long __cycles_2_ns(unsigned long long cyc)
123{
124 struct cyc2ns_data data;
125 unsigned long long ns;
126
127 __cyc2ns_read(&data);
128
129 ns = data.cyc2ns_offset;
130 ns += mul_u64_u32_shr(cyc, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
131
132 return ns;
133}
134
135static __always_inline unsigned long long cycles_2_ns(unsigned long long cyc)
136{
137 unsigned long long ns;
138 preempt_disable_notrace();
139 ns = __cycles_2_ns(cyc);
140 preempt_enable_notrace();
141 return ns;
142}
143
144static void __set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
145{
146 unsigned long long ns_now;
147 struct cyc2ns_data data;
148 struct cyc2ns *c2n;
149
150 ns_now = cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
151
152 /*
153 * Compute a new multiplier as per the above comment and ensure our
154 * time function is continuous; see the comment near struct
155 * cyc2ns_data.
156 */
157 clocks_calc_mult_shift(&data.cyc2ns_mul, &data.cyc2ns_shift, khz,
158 NSEC_PER_MSEC, 0);
159
160 /*
161 * cyc2ns_shift is exported via arch_perf_update_userpage() where it is
162 * not expected to be greater than 31 due to the original published
163 * conversion algorithm shifting a 32-bit value (now specifies a 64-bit
164 * value) - refer perf_event_mmap_page documentation in perf_event.h.
165 */
166 if (data.cyc2ns_shift == 32) {
167 data.cyc2ns_shift = 31;
168 data.cyc2ns_mul >>= 1;
169 }
170
171 data.cyc2ns_offset = ns_now -
172 mul_u64_u32_shr(tsc_now, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
173
174 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
175
176 raw_write_seqcount_latch(&c2n->seq);
177 c2n->data[0] = data;
178 raw_write_seqcount_latch(&c2n->seq);
179 c2n->data[1] = data;
180}
181
182static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
183{
184 unsigned long flags;
185
186 local_irq_save(flags);
187 sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();
188
189 if (khz)
190 __set_cyc2ns_scale(khz, cpu, tsc_now);
191
192 sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event();
193 local_irq_restore(flags);
194}
195
196/*
197 * Initialize cyc2ns for boot cpu
198 */
199static void __init cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu(void)
200{
201 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
202
203 seqcount_latch_init(&c2n->seq);
204 __set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, smp_processor_id(), rdtsc());
205}
206
207/*
208 * Secondary CPUs do not run through tsc_init(), so set up
209 * all the scale factors for all CPUs, assuming the same
210 * speed as the bootup CPU.
211 */
212static void __init cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus(void)
213{
214 unsigned int cpu, this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
215 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
216 struct cyc2ns_data *data = c2n->data;
217
218 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
219 if (cpu != this_cpu) {
220 seqcount_latch_init(&c2n->seq);
221 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
222 c2n->data[0] = data[0];
223 c2n->data[1] = data[1];
224 }
225 }
226}
227
228/*
229 * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
230 */
231noinstr u64 native_sched_clock(void)
232{
233 if (static_branch_likely(&__use_tsc)) {
234 u64 tsc_now = rdtsc();
235
236 /* return the value in ns */
237 return __cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
238 }
239
240 /*
241 * Fall back to jiffies if there's no TSC available:
242 * ( But note that we still use it if the TSC is marked
243 * unstable. We do this because unlike Time Of Day,
244 * the scheduler clock tolerates small errors and it's
245 * very important for it to be as fast as the platform
246 * can achieve it. )
247 */
248
249 /* No locking but a rare wrong value is not a big deal: */
250 return (jiffies_64 - INITIAL_JIFFIES) * (1000000000 / HZ);
251}
252
253/*
254 * Generate a sched_clock if you already have a TSC value.
255 */
256u64 native_sched_clock_from_tsc(u64 tsc)
257{
258 return cycles_2_ns(tsc);
259}
260
261/* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
262 weak default version */
263#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
264noinstr u64 sched_clock_noinstr(void)
265{
266 return paravirt_sched_clock();
267}
268
269bool using_native_sched_clock(void)
270{
271 return static_call_query(pv_sched_clock) == native_sched_clock;
272}
273#else
274u64 sched_clock_noinstr(void) __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
275
276bool using_native_sched_clock(void) { return true; }
277#endif
278
279notrace u64 sched_clock(void)
280{
281 u64 now;
282 preempt_disable_notrace();
283 now = sched_clock_noinstr();
284 preempt_enable_notrace();
285 return now;
286}
287
288int check_tsc_unstable(void)
289{
290 return tsc_unstable;
291}
292EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);
293
294#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
295int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
296{
297 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter notsc");
298 return 1;
299}
300#else
301/*
302 * disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
303 * in cpu/common.c
304 */
305int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
306{
307 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
308 return 1;
309}
310#endif
311
312__setup("notsc", notsc_setup);
313
314static int no_sched_irq_time;
315static int no_tsc_watchdog;
316static int tsc_as_watchdog;
317
318static int __init tsc_setup(char *str)
319{
320 if (!strcmp(str, "reliable"))
321 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
322 if (!strncmp(str, "noirqtime", 9))
323 no_sched_irq_time = 1;
324 if (!strcmp(str, "unstable"))
325 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter");
326 if (!strcmp(str, "nowatchdog")) {
327 no_tsc_watchdog = 1;
328 if (tsc_as_watchdog)
329 pr_alert("%s: Overriding earlier tsc=watchdog with tsc=nowatchdog\n",
330 __func__);
331 tsc_as_watchdog = 0;
332 }
333 if (!strcmp(str, "recalibrate"))
334 tsc_force_recalibrate = 1;
335 if (!strcmp(str, "watchdog")) {
336 if (no_tsc_watchdog)
337 pr_alert("%s: tsc=watchdog overridden by earlier tsc=nowatchdog\n",
338 __func__);
339 else
340 tsc_as_watchdog = 1;
341 }
342 return 1;
343}
344
345__setup("tsc=", tsc_setup);
346
347#define MAX_RETRIES 5
348#define TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD 0x20000
349
350/*
351 * Read TSC and the reference counters. Take care of any disturbances
352 */
353static u64 tsc_read_refs(u64 *p, int hpet)
354{
355 u64 t1, t2;
356 u64 thresh = tsc_khz ? tsc_khz >> 5 : TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
357 int i;
358
359 for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
360 t1 = get_cycles();
361 if (hpet)
362 *p = hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
363 else
364 *p = acpi_pm_read_early();
365 t2 = get_cycles();
366 if ((t2 - t1) < thresh)
367 return t2;
368 }
369 return ULLONG_MAX;
370}
371
372/*
373 * Calculate the TSC frequency from HPET reference
374 */
375static unsigned long calc_hpet_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 hpet1, u64 hpet2)
376{
377 u64 tmp;
378
379 if (hpet2 < hpet1)
380 hpet2 += 0x100000000ULL;
381 hpet2 -= hpet1;
382 tmp = ((u64)hpet2 * hpet_readl(HPET_PERIOD));
383 do_div(tmp, 1000000);
384 deltatsc = div64_u64(deltatsc, tmp);
385
386 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
387}
388
389/*
390 * Calculate the TSC frequency from PMTimer reference
391 */
392static unsigned long calc_pmtimer_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 pm1, u64 pm2)
393{
394 u64 tmp;
395
396 if (!pm1 && !pm2)
397 return ULONG_MAX;
398
399 if (pm2 < pm1)
400 pm2 += (u64)ACPI_PM_OVRRUN;
401 pm2 -= pm1;
402 tmp = pm2 * 1000000000LL;
403 do_div(tmp, PMTMR_TICKS_PER_SEC);
404 do_div(deltatsc, tmp);
405
406 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
407}
408
409#define CAL_MS 10
410#define CAL_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL_MS))
411#define CAL_PIT_LOOPS 1000
412
413#define CAL2_MS 50
414#define CAL2_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL2_MS))
415#define CAL2_PIT_LOOPS 5000
416
417
418/*
419 * Try to calibrate the TSC against the Programmable
420 * Interrupt Timer and return the frequency of the TSC
421 * in kHz.
422 *
423 * Return ULONG_MAX on failure to calibrate.
424 */
425static unsigned long pit_calibrate_tsc(u32 latch, unsigned long ms, int loopmin)
426{
427 u64 tsc, t1, t2, delta;
428 unsigned long tscmin, tscmax;
429 int pitcnt;
430
431 if (!has_legacy_pic()) {
432 /*
433 * Relies on tsc_early_delay_calibrate() to have given us semi
434 * usable udelay(), wait for the same 50ms we would have with
435 * the PIT loop below.
436 */
437 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
438 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
439 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
440 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
441 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
442 return ULONG_MAX;
443 }
444
445 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
446 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
447
448 /*
449 * Setup CTC channel 2* for mode 0, (interrupt on terminal
450 * count mode), binary count. Set the latch register to 50ms
451 * (LSB then MSB) to begin countdown.
452 */
453 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
454 outb(latch & 0xff, 0x42);
455 outb(latch >> 8, 0x42);
456
457 tsc = t1 = t2 = get_cycles();
458
459 pitcnt = 0;
460 tscmax = 0;
461 tscmin = ULONG_MAX;
462 while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0) {
463 t2 = get_cycles();
464 delta = t2 - tsc;
465 tsc = t2;
466 if ((unsigned long) delta < tscmin)
467 tscmin = (unsigned int) delta;
468 if ((unsigned long) delta > tscmax)
469 tscmax = (unsigned int) delta;
470 pitcnt++;
471 }
472
473 /*
474 * Sanity checks:
475 *
476 * If we were not able to read the PIT more than loopmin
477 * times, then we have been hit by a massive SMI
478 *
479 * If the maximum is 10 times larger than the minimum,
480 * then we got hit by an SMI as well.
481 */
482 if (pitcnt < loopmin || tscmax > 10 * tscmin)
483 return ULONG_MAX;
484
485 /* Calculate the PIT value */
486 delta = t2 - t1;
487 do_div(delta, ms);
488 return delta;
489}
490
491/*
492 * This reads the current MSB of the PIT counter, and
493 * checks if we are running on sufficiently fast and
494 * non-virtualized hardware.
495 *
496 * Our expectations are:
497 *
498 * - the PIT is running at roughly 1.19MHz
499 *
500 * - each IO is going to take about 1us on real hardware,
501 * but we allow it to be much faster (by a factor of 10) or
502 * _slightly_ slower (ie we allow up to a 2us read+counter
503 * update - anything else implies a unacceptably slow CPU
504 * or PIT for the fast calibration to work.
505 *
506 * - with 256 PIT ticks to read the value, we have 214us to
507 * see the same MSB (and overhead like doing a single TSC
508 * read per MSB value etc).
509 *
510 * - We're doing 2 reads per loop (LSB, MSB), and we expect
511 * them each to take about a microsecond on real hardware.
512 * So we expect a count value of around 100. But we'll be
513 * generous, and accept anything over 50.
514 *
515 * - if the PIT is stuck, and we see *many* more reads, we
516 * return early (and the next caller of pit_expect_msb()
517 * then consider it a failure when they don't see the
518 * next expected value).
519 *
520 * These expectations mean that we know that we have seen the
521 * transition from one expected value to another with a fairly
522 * high accuracy, and we didn't miss any events. We can thus
523 * use the TSC value at the transitions to calculate a pretty
524 * good value for the TSC frequency.
525 */
526static inline int pit_verify_msb(unsigned char val)
527{
528 /* Ignore LSB */
529 inb(0x42);
530 return inb(0x42) == val;
531}
532
533static inline int pit_expect_msb(unsigned char val, u64 *tscp, unsigned long *deltap)
534{
535 int count;
536 u64 tsc = 0, prev_tsc = 0;
537
538 for (count = 0; count < 50000; count++) {
539 if (!pit_verify_msb(val))
540 break;
541 prev_tsc = tsc;
542 tsc = get_cycles();
543 }
544 *deltap = get_cycles() - prev_tsc;
545 *tscp = tsc;
546
547 /*
548 * We require _some_ success, but the quality control
549 * will be based on the error terms on the TSC values.
550 */
551 return count > 5;
552}
553
554/*
555 * How many MSB values do we want to see? We aim for
556 * a maximum error rate of 500ppm (in practice the
557 * real error is much smaller), but refuse to spend
558 * more than 50ms on it.
559 */
560#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS 50
561#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS (MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS * PIT_TICK_RATE / 1000 / 256)
562
563static unsigned long quick_pit_calibrate(void)
564{
565 int i;
566 u64 tsc, delta;
567 unsigned long d1, d2;
568
569 if (!has_legacy_pic())
570 return 0;
571
572 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
573 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
574
575 /*
576 * Counter 2, mode 0 (one-shot), binary count
577 *
578 * NOTE! Mode 2 decrements by two (and then the
579 * output is flipped each time, giving the same
580 * final output frequency as a decrement-by-one),
581 * so mode 0 is much better when looking at the
582 * individual counts.
583 */
584 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
585
586 /* Start at 0xffff */
587 outb(0xff, 0x42);
588 outb(0xff, 0x42);
589
590 /*
591 * The PIT starts counting at the next edge, so we
592 * need to delay for a microsecond. The easiest way
593 * to do that is to just read back the 16-bit counter
594 * once from the PIT.
595 */
596 pit_verify_msb(0);
597
598 if (pit_expect_msb(0xff, &tsc, &d1)) {
599 for (i = 1; i <= MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS; i++) {
600 if (!pit_expect_msb(0xff-i, &delta, &d2))
601 break;
602
603 delta -= tsc;
604
605 /*
606 * Extrapolate the error and fail fast if the error will
607 * never be below 500 ppm.
608 */
609 if (i == 1 &&
610 d1 + d2 >= (delta * MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS) >> 11)
611 return 0;
612
613 /*
614 * Iterate until the error is less than 500 ppm
615 */
616 if (d1+d2 >= delta >> 11)
617 continue;
618
619 /*
620 * Check the PIT one more time to verify that
621 * all TSC reads were stable wrt the PIT.
622 *
623 * This also guarantees serialization of the
624 * last cycle read ('d2') in pit_expect_msb.
625 */
626 if (!pit_verify_msb(0xfe - i))
627 break;
628 goto success;
629 }
630 }
631 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration failed\n");
632 return 0;
633
634success:
635 /*
636 * Ok, if we get here, then we've seen the
637 * MSB of the PIT decrement 'i' times, and the
638 * error has shrunk to less than 500 ppm.
639 *
640 * As a result, we can depend on there not being
641 * any odd delays anywhere, and the TSC reads are
642 * reliable (within the error).
643 *
644 * kHz = ticks / time-in-seconds / 1000;
645 * kHz = (t2 - t1) / (I * 256 / PIT_TICK_RATE) / 1000
646 * kHz = ((t2 - t1) * PIT_TICK_RATE) / (I * 256 * 1000)
647 */
648 delta *= PIT_TICK_RATE;
649 do_div(delta, i*256*1000);
650 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration using PIT\n");
651 return delta;
652}
653
654/**
655 * native_calibrate_tsc
656 * Determine TSC frequency via CPUID, else return 0.
657 */
658unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void)
659{
660 unsigned int eax_denominator, ebx_numerator, ecx_hz, edx;
661 unsigned int crystal_khz;
662
663 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
664 return 0;
665
666 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x15)
667 return 0;
668
669 eax_denominator = ebx_numerator = ecx_hz = edx = 0;
670
671 /* CPUID 15H TSC/Crystal ratio, plus optionally Crystal Hz */
672 cpuid(0x15, &eax_denominator, &ebx_numerator, &ecx_hz, &edx);
673
674 if (ebx_numerator == 0 || eax_denominator == 0)
675 return 0;
676
677 crystal_khz = ecx_hz / 1000;
678
679 /*
680 * Denverton SoCs don't report crystal clock, and also don't support
681 * CPUID.0x16 for the calculation below, so hardcode the 25MHz crystal
682 * clock.
683 */
684 if (crystal_khz == 0 &&
685 boot_cpu_data.x86_model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT_D)
686 crystal_khz = 25000;
687
688 /*
689 * TSC frequency reported directly by CPUID is a "hardware reported"
690 * frequency and is the most accurate one so far we have. This
691 * is considered a known frequency.
692 */
693 if (crystal_khz != 0)
694 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ);
695
696 /*
697 * Some Intel SoCs like Skylake and Kabylake don't report the crystal
698 * clock, but we can easily calculate it to a high degree of accuracy
699 * by considering the crystal ratio and the CPU speed.
700 */
701 if (crystal_khz == 0 && boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level >= 0x16) {
702 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx, ecx, edx;
703
704 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
705 crystal_khz = eax_base_mhz * 1000 *
706 eax_denominator / ebx_numerator;
707 }
708
709 if (crystal_khz == 0)
710 return 0;
711
712 /*
713 * For Atom SoCs TSC is the only reliable clocksource.
714 * Mark TSC reliable so no watchdog on it.
715 */
716 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT)
717 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE);
718
719#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
720 /*
721 * The local APIC appears to be fed by the core crystal clock
722 * (which sounds entirely sensible). We can set the global
723 * lapic_timer_period here to avoid having to calibrate the APIC
724 * timer later.
725 */
726 lapic_timer_period = crystal_khz * 1000 / HZ;
727#endif
728
729 return crystal_khz * ebx_numerator / eax_denominator;
730}
731
732static unsigned long cpu_khz_from_cpuid(void)
733{
734 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx_max_mhz, ecx_bus_mhz, edx;
735
736 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
737 return 0;
738
739 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x16)
740 return 0;
741
742 eax_base_mhz = ebx_max_mhz = ecx_bus_mhz = edx = 0;
743
744 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx_max_mhz, &ecx_bus_mhz, &edx);
745
746 return eax_base_mhz * 1000;
747}
748
749/*
750 * calibrate cpu using pit, hpet, and ptimer methods. They are available
751 * later in boot after acpi is initialized.
752 */
753static unsigned long pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu(void)
754{
755 u64 tsc1, tsc2, delta, ref1, ref2;
756 unsigned long tsc_pit_min = ULONG_MAX, tsc_ref_min = ULONG_MAX;
757 unsigned long flags, latch, ms;
758 int hpet = is_hpet_enabled(), i, loopmin;
759
760 /*
761 * Run 5 calibration loops to get the lowest frequency value
762 * (the best estimate). We use two different calibration modes
763 * here:
764 *
765 * 1) PIT loop. We set the PIT Channel 2 to oneshot mode and
766 * load a timeout of 50ms. We read the time right after we
767 * started the timer and wait until the PIT count down reaches
768 * zero. In each wait loop iteration we read the TSC and check
769 * the delta to the previous read. We keep track of the min
770 * and max values of that delta. The delta is mostly defined
771 * by the IO time of the PIT access, so we can detect when
772 * any disturbance happened between the two reads. If the
773 * maximum time is significantly larger than the minimum time,
774 * then we discard the result and have another try.
775 *
776 * 2) Reference counter. If available we use the HPET or the
777 * PMTIMER as a reference to check the sanity of that value.
778 * We use separate TSC readouts and check inside of the
779 * reference read for any possible disturbance. We discard
780 * disturbed values here as well. We do that around the PIT
781 * calibration delay loop as we have to wait for a certain
782 * amount of time anyway.
783 */
784
785 /* Preset PIT loop values */
786 latch = CAL_LATCH;
787 ms = CAL_MS;
788 loopmin = CAL_PIT_LOOPS;
789
790 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
791 unsigned long tsc_pit_khz;
792
793 /*
794 * Read the start value and the reference count of
795 * hpet/pmtimer when available. Then do the PIT
796 * calibration, which will take at least 50ms, and
797 * read the end value.
798 */
799 local_irq_save(flags);
800 tsc1 = tsc_read_refs(&ref1, hpet);
801 tsc_pit_khz = pit_calibrate_tsc(latch, ms, loopmin);
802 tsc2 = tsc_read_refs(&ref2, hpet);
803 local_irq_restore(flags);
804
805 /* Pick the lowest PIT TSC calibration so far */
806 tsc_pit_min = min(tsc_pit_min, tsc_pit_khz);
807
808 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
809 if (ref1 == ref2)
810 continue;
811
812 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
813 if (tsc1 == ULLONG_MAX || tsc2 == ULLONG_MAX)
814 continue;
815
816 tsc2 = (tsc2 - tsc1) * 1000000LL;
817 if (hpet)
818 tsc2 = calc_hpet_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
819 else
820 tsc2 = calc_pmtimer_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
821
822 tsc_ref_min = min(tsc_ref_min, (unsigned long) tsc2);
823
824 /* Check the reference deviation */
825 delta = ((u64) tsc_pit_min) * 100;
826 do_div(delta, tsc_ref_min);
827
828 /*
829 * If both calibration results are inside a 10% window
830 * then we can be sure, that the calibration
831 * succeeded. We break out of the loop right away. We
832 * use the reference value, as it is more precise.
833 */
834 if (delta >= 90 && delta <= 110) {
835 pr_info("PIT calibration matches %s. %d loops\n",
836 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", i + 1);
837 return tsc_ref_min;
838 }
839
840 /*
841 * Check whether PIT failed more than once. This
842 * happens in virtualized environments. We need to
843 * give the virtual PC a slightly longer timeframe for
844 * the HPET/PMTIMER to make the result precise.
845 */
846 if (i == 1 && tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
847 latch = CAL2_LATCH;
848 ms = CAL2_MS;
849 loopmin = CAL2_PIT_LOOPS;
850 }
851 }
852
853 /*
854 * Now check the results.
855 */
856 if (tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
857 /* PIT gave no useful value */
858 pr_warn("Unable to calibrate against PIT\n");
859
860 /* We don't have an alternative source, disable TSC */
861 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
862 pr_notice("No reference (HPET/PMTIMER) available\n");
863 return 0;
864 }
865
866 /* The alternative source failed as well, disable TSC */
867 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
868 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed\n");
869 return 0;
870 }
871
872 /* Use the alternative source */
873 pr_info("using %s reference calibration\n",
874 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER");
875
876 return tsc_ref_min;
877 }
878
879 /* We don't have an alternative source, use the PIT calibration value */
880 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
881 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
882 return tsc_pit_min;
883 }
884
885 /* The alternative source failed, use the PIT calibration value */
886 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
887 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed. Using PIT calibration.\n");
888 return tsc_pit_min;
889 }
890
891 /*
892 * The calibration values differ too much. In doubt, we use
893 * the PIT value as we know that there are PMTIMERs around
894 * running at double speed. At least we let the user know:
895 */
896 pr_warn("PIT calibration deviates from %s: %lu %lu\n",
897 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", tsc_pit_min, tsc_ref_min);
898 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
899 return tsc_pit_min;
900}
901
902/**
903 * native_calibrate_cpu_early - can calibrate the cpu early in boot
904 */
905unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu_early(void)
906{
907 unsigned long flags, fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_cpuid();
908
909 if (!fast_calibrate)
910 fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_msr();
911 if (!fast_calibrate) {
912 local_irq_save(flags);
913 fast_calibrate = quick_pit_calibrate();
914 local_irq_restore(flags);
915 }
916 return fast_calibrate;
917}
918
919
920/**
921 * native_calibrate_cpu - calibrate the cpu
922 */
923static unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu(void)
924{
925 unsigned long tsc_freq = native_calibrate_cpu_early();
926
927 if (!tsc_freq)
928 tsc_freq = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
929
930 return tsc_freq;
931}
932
933void recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
934{
935#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
936 unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;
937
938 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
939 return;
940
941 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
942 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
943 if (tsc_khz == 0)
944 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
945 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
946 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
947 cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy = cpufreq_scale(cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy,
948 cpu_khz_old, cpu_khz);
949#endif
950}
951EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(recalibrate_cpu_khz);
952
953
954static unsigned long long cyc2ns_suspend;
955
956void tsc_save_sched_clock_state(void)
957{
958 if (!sched_clock_stable())
959 return;
960
961 cyc2ns_suspend = sched_clock();
962}
963
964/*
965 * Even on processors with invariant TSC, TSC gets reset in some the
966 * ACPI system sleep states. And in some systems BIOS seem to reinit TSC to
967 * arbitrary value (still sync'd across cpu's) during resume from such sleep
968 * states. To cope up with this, recompute the cyc2ns_offset for each cpu so
969 * that sched_clock() continues from the point where it was left off during
970 * suspend.
971 */
972void tsc_restore_sched_clock_state(void)
973{
974 unsigned long long offset;
975 unsigned long flags;
976 int cpu;
977
978 if (!sched_clock_stable())
979 return;
980
981 local_irq_save(flags);
982
983 /*
984 * We're coming out of suspend, there's no concurrency yet; don't
985 * bother being nice about the RCU stuff, just write to both
986 * data fields.
987 */
988
989 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
990 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
991
992 offset = cyc2ns_suspend - sched_clock();
993
994 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
995 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
996 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
997 }
998
999 local_irq_restore(flags);
1000}
1001
1002#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ
1003/*
1004 * Frequency scaling support. Adjust the TSC based timer when the CPU frequency
1005 * changes.
1006 *
1007 * NOTE: On SMP the situation is not fixable in general, so simply mark the TSC
1008 * as unstable and give up in those cases.
1009 *
1010 * Should fix up last_tsc too. Currently gettimeofday in the
1011 * first tick after the change will be slightly wrong.
1012 */
1013
1014static unsigned int ref_freq;
1015static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref;
1016static unsigned long tsc_khz_ref;
1017
1018static int time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
1019 void *data)
1020{
1021 struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
1022
1023 if (num_online_cpus() > 1) {
1024 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes on SMP");
1025 return 0;
1026 }
1027
1028 if (!ref_freq) {
1029 ref_freq = freq->old;
1030 loops_per_jiffy_ref = boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy;
1031 tsc_khz_ref = tsc_khz;
1032 }
1033
1034 if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE && freq->old < freq->new) ||
1035 (val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new)) {
1036 boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy =
1037 cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
1038
1039 tsc_khz = cpufreq_scale(tsc_khz_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
1040 if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
1041 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
1042
1043 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, freq->policy->cpu, rdtsc());
1044 }
1045
1046 return 0;
1047}
1048
1049static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
1050 .notifier_call = time_cpufreq_notifier
1051};
1052
1053static int __init cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling(void)
1054{
1055 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1056 return 0;
1057 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1058 return 0;
1059 cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
1060 CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
1061 return 0;
1062}
1063
1064core_initcall(cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling);
1065
1066#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_FREQ */
1067
1068#define ART_CPUID_LEAF (0x15)
1069#define ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR (1)
1070
1071
1072/*
1073 * If ART is present detect the numerator:denominator to convert to TSC
1074 */
1075static void __init detect_art(void)
1076{
1077 unsigned int unused[2];
1078
1079 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < ART_CPUID_LEAF)
1080 return;
1081
1082 /*
1083 * Don't enable ART in a VM, non-stop TSC and TSC_ADJUST required,
1084 * and the TSC counter resets must not occur asynchronously.
1085 */
1086 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR) ||
1087 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC) ||
1088 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_ADJUST) ||
1089 tsc_async_resets)
1090 return;
1091
1092 cpuid(ART_CPUID_LEAF, &art_to_tsc_denominator,
1093 &art_to_tsc_numerator, unused, unused+1);
1094
1095 if (art_to_tsc_denominator < ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR)
1096 return;
1097
1098 rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_TSC_ADJUST, art_to_tsc_offset);
1099
1100 /* Make this sticky over multiple CPU init calls */
1101 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_ART);
1102}
1103
1104
1105/* clocksource code */
1106
1107static void tsc_resume(struct clocksource *cs)
1108{
1109 tsc_verify_tsc_adjust(true);
1110}
1111
1112/*
1113 * We used to compare the TSC to the cycle_last value in the clocksource
1114 * structure to avoid a nasty time-warp. This can be observed in a
1115 * very small window right after one CPU updated cycle_last under
1116 * xtime/vsyscall_gtod lock and the other CPU reads a TSC value which
1117 * is smaller than the cycle_last reference value due to a TSC which
1118 * is slightly behind. This delta is nowhere else observable, but in
1119 * that case it results in a forward time jump in the range of hours
1120 * due to the unsigned delta calculation of the time keeping core
1121 * code, which is necessary to support wrapping clocksources like pm
1122 * timer.
1123 *
1124 * This sanity check is now done in the core timekeeping code.
1125 * checking the result of read_tsc() - cycle_last for being negative.
1126 * That works because CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64) does not mask out any bit.
1127 */
1128static u64 read_tsc(struct clocksource *cs)
1129{
1130 return (u64)rdtsc_ordered();
1131}
1132
1133static void tsc_cs_mark_unstable(struct clocksource *cs)
1134{
1135 if (tsc_unstable)
1136 return;
1137
1138 tsc_unstable = 1;
1139 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1140 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1141 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1142 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to clocksource watchdog\n");
1143}
1144
1145static void tsc_cs_tick_stable(struct clocksource *cs)
1146{
1147 if (tsc_unstable)
1148 return;
1149
1150 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1151 sched_clock_tick_stable();
1152}
1153
1154static int tsc_cs_enable(struct clocksource *cs)
1155{
1156 vclocks_set_used(VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC);
1157 return 0;
1158}
1159
1160/*
1161 * .mask MUST be CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64). See comment above read_tsc()
1162 */
1163static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc_early = {
1164 .name = "tsc-early",
1165 .rating = 299,
1166 .uncertainty_margin = 32 * NSEC_PER_MSEC,
1167 .read = read_tsc,
1168 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1169 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1170 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
1171 .vdso_clock_mode = VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC,
1172 .enable = tsc_cs_enable,
1173 .resume = tsc_resume,
1174 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1175 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1176 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc_early.list),
1177};
1178
1179/*
1180 * Must mark VALID_FOR_HRES early such that when we unregister tsc_early
1181 * this one will immediately take over. We will only register if TSC has
1182 * been found good.
1183 */
1184static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
1185 .name = "tsc",
1186 .rating = 300,
1187 .read = read_tsc,
1188 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1189 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1190 CLOCK_SOURCE_VALID_FOR_HRES |
1191 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY |
1192 CLOCK_SOURCE_VERIFY_PERCPU,
1193 .vdso_clock_mode = VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC,
1194 .enable = tsc_cs_enable,
1195 .resume = tsc_resume,
1196 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1197 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1198 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc.list),
1199};
1200
1201void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
1202{
1203 if (tsc_unstable)
1204 return;
1205
1206 tsc_unstable = 1;
1207 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1208 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1209 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1210 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to %s\n", reason);
1211
1212 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1213 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc);
1214}
1215
1216EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);
1217
1218static void __init tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog(void)
1219{
1220 clocksource_tsc_early.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1221 clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1222}
1223
1224bool tsc_clocksource_watchdog_disabled(void)
1225{
1226 return !(clocksource_tsc.flags & CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY) &&
1227 tsc_as_watchdog && !no_tsc_watchdog;
1228}
1229
1230static void __init check_system_tsc_reliable(void)
1231{
1232#if defined(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1) || defined(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX) || defined(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC)
1233 if (is_geode_lx()) {
1234 /* RTSC counts during suspend */
1235#define RTSC_SUSP 0x100
1236 unsigned long res_low, res_high;
1237
1238 rdmsr_safe(MSR_GEODE_BUSCONT_CONF0, &res_low, &res_high);
1239 /* Geode_LX - the OLPC CPU has a very reliable TSC */
1240 if (res_low & RTSC_SUSP)
1241 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1242 }
1243#endif
1244 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE))
1245 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1246
1247 /*
1248 * Disable the clocksource watchdog when the system has:
1249 * - TSC running at constant frequency
1250 * - TSC which does not stop in C-States
1251 * - the TSC_ADJUST register which allows to detect even minimal
1252 * modifications
1253 * - not more than two sockets. As the number of sockets cannot be
1254 * evaluated at the early boot stage where this has to be
1255 * invoked, check the number of online memory nodes as a
1256 * fallback solution which is an reasonable estimate.
1257 */
1258 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC) &&
1259 boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC) &&
1260 boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_ADJUST) &&
1261 nr_online_nodes <= 4)
1262 tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog();
1263}
1264
1265/*
1266 * Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
1267 * over all CPUs.
1268 */
1269int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
1270{
1271 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || tsc_unstable)
1272 return 1;
1273
1274#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1275 if (apic_is_clustered_box())
1276 return 1;
1277#endif
1278
1279 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1280 return 0;
1281
1282 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable)
1283 return 0;
1284 /*
1285 * Intel systems are normally all synchronized.
1286 * Exceptions must mark TSC as unstable:
1287 */
1288 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL) {
1289 /* assume multi socket systems are not synchronized: */
1290 if (num_possible_cpus() > 1)
1291 return 1;
1292 }
1293
1294 return 0;
1295}
1296
1297/*
1298 * Convert ART to TSC given numerator/denominator found in detect_art()
1299 */
1300struct system_counterval_t convert_art_to_tsc(u64 art)
1301{
1302 u64 tmp, res, rem;
1303
1304 rem = do_div(art, art_to_tsc_denominator);
1305
1306 res = art * art_to_tsc_numerator;
1307 tmp = rem * art_to_tsc_numerator;
1308
1309 do_div(tmp, art_to_tsc_denominator);
1310 res += tmp + art_to_tsc_offset;
1311
1312 return (struct system_counterval_t) {.cs = art_related_clocksource,
1313 .cycles = res};
1314}
1315EXPORT_SYMBOL(convert_art_to_tsc);
1316
1317/**
1318 * convert_art_ns_to_tsc() - Convert ART in nanoseconds to TSC.
1319 * @art_ns: ART (Always Running Timer) in unit of nanoseconds
1320 *
1321 * PTM requires all timestamps to be in units of nanoseconds. When user
1322 * software requests a cross-timestamp, this function converts system timestamp
1323 * to TSC.
1324 *
1325 * This is valid when CPU feature flag X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ is set
1326 * indicating the tsc_khz is derived from CPUID[15H]. Drivers should check
1327 * that this flag is set before conversion to TSC is attempted.
1328 *
1329 * Return:
1330 * struct system_counterval_t - system counter value with the pointer to the
1331 * corresponding clocksource
1332 * @cycles: System counter value
1333 * @cs: Clocksource corresponding to system counter value. Used
1334 * by timekeeping code to verify comparability of two cycle
1335 * values.
1336 */
1337
1338struct system_counterval_t convert_art_ns_to_tsc(u64 art_ns)
1339{
1340 u64 tmp, res, rem;
1341
1342 rem = do_div(art_ns, USEC_PER_SEC);
1343
1344 res = art_ns * tsc_khz;
1345 tmp = rem * tsc_khz;
1346
1347 do_div(tmp, USEC_PER_SEC);
1348 res += tmp;
1349
1350 return (struct system_counterval_t) { .cs = art_related_clocksource,
1351 .cycles = res};
1352}
1353EXPORT_SYMBOL(convert_art_ns_to_tsc);
1354
1355
1356static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work);
1357static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(tsc_irqwork, tsc_refine_calibration_work);
1358/**
1359 * tsc_refine_calibration_work - Further refine tsc freq calibration
1360 * @work - ignored.
1361 *
1362 * This functions uses delayed work over a period of a
1363 * second to further refine the TSC freq value. Since this is
1364 * timer based, instead of loop based, we don't block the boot
1365 * process while this longer calibration is done.
1366 *
1367 * If there are any calibration anomalies (too many SMIs, etc),
1368 * or the refined calibration is off by 1% of the fast early
1369 * calibration, we throw out the new calibration and use the
1370 * early calibration.
1371 */
1372static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work)
1373{
1374 static u64 tsc_start = ULLONG_MAX, ref_start;
1375 static int hpet;
1376 u64 tsc_stop, ref_stop, delta;
1377 unsigned long freq;
1378 int cpu;
1379
1380 /* Don't bother refining TSC on unstable systems */
1381 if (tsc_unstable)
1382 goto unreg;
1383
1384 /*
1385 * Since the work is started early in boot, we may be
1386 * delayed the first time we expire. So set the workqueue
1387 * again once we know timers are working.
1388 */
1389 if (tsc_start == ULLONG_MAX) {
1390restart:
1391 /*
1392 * Only set hpet once, to avoid mixing hardware
1393 * if the hpet becomes enabled later.
1394 */
1395 hpet = is_hpet_enabled();
1396 tsc_start = tsc_read_refs(&ref_start, hpet);
1397 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, HZ);
1398 return;
1399 }
1400
1401 tsc_stop = tsc_read_refs(&ref_stop, hpet);
1402
1403 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
1404 if (ref_start == ref_stop)
1405 goto out;
1406
1407 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
1408 if (tsc_stop == ULLONG_MAX)
1409 goto restart;
1410
1411 delta = tsc_stop - tsc_start;
1412 delta *= 1000000LL;
1413 if (hpet)
1414 freq = calc_hpet_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1415 else
1416 freq = calc_pmtimer_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1417
1418 /* Will hit this only if tsc_force_recalibrate has been set */
1419 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
1420
1421 /* Warn if the deviation exceeds 500 ppm */
1422 if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > (tsc_khz >> 11)) {
1423 pr_warn("Warning: TSC freq calibrated by CPUID/MSR differs from what is calibrated by HW timer, please check with vendor!!\n");
1424 pr_info("Previous calibrated TSC freq:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1425 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
1426 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
1427 }
1428
1429 pr_info("TSC freq recalibrated by [%s]:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1430 hpet ? "HPET" : "PM_TIMER",
1431 (unsigned long)freq / 1000,
1432 (unsigned long)freq % 1000);
1433
1434 return;
1435 }
1436
1437 /* Make sure we're within 1% */
1438 if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > tsc_khz/100)
1439 goto out;
1440
1441 tsc_khz = freq;
1442 pr_info("Refined TSC clocksource calibration: %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1443 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
1444 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
1445
1446 /* Inform the TSC deadline clockevent devices about the recalibration */
1447 lapic_update_tsc_freq();
1448
1449 /* Update the sched_clock() rate to match the clocksource one */
1450 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1451 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, cpu, tsc_stop);
1452
1453out:
1454 if (tsc_unstable)
1455 goto unreg;
1456
1457 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART))
1458 art_related_clocksource = &clocksource_tsc;
1459 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1460unreg:
1461 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1462}
1463
1464
1465static int __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
1466{
1467 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || !tsc_khz)
1468 return 0;
1469
1470 if (tsc_unstable) {
1471 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1472 return 0;
1473 }
1474
1475 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC_S3))
1476 clocksource_tsc.flags |= CLOCK_SOURCE_SUSPEND_NONSTOP;
1477
1478 /*
1479 * When TSC frequency is known (retrieved via MSR or CPUID), we skip
1480 * the refined calibration and directly register it as a clocksource.
1481 */
1482 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
1483 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART))
1484 art_related_clocksource = &clocksource_tsc;
1485 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1486 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1487
1488 if (!tsc_force_recalibrate)
1489 return 0;
1490 }
1491
1492 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, 0);
1493 return 0;
1494}
1495/*
1496 * We use device_initcall here, to ensure we run after the hpet
1497 * is fully initialized, which may occur at fs_initcall time.
1498 */
1499device_initcall(init_tsc_clocksource);
1500
1501static bool __init determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(bool early)
1502{
1503 /* Make sure that cpu and tsc are not already calibrated */
1504 WARN_ON(cpu_khz || tsc_khz);
1505
1506 if (early) {
1507 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
1508 if (tsc_early_khz)
1509 tsc_khz = tsc_early_khz;
1510 else
1511 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
1512 } else {
1513 /* We should not be here with non-native cpu calibration */
1514 WARN_ON(x86_platform.calibrate_cpu != native_calibrate_cpu);
1515 cpu_khz = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
1516 }
1517
1518 /*
1519 * Trust non-zero tsc_khz as authoritative,
1520 * and use it to sanity check cpu_khz,
1521 * which will be off if system timer is off.
1522 */
1523 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1524 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
1525 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
1526 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
1527
1528 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1529 return false;
1530
1531 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor\n",
1532 (unsigned long)cpu_khz / KHZ,
1533 (unsigned long)cpu_khz % KHZ);
1534
1535 if (cpu_khz != tsc_khz) {
1536 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz TSC",
1537 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / KHZ,
1538 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % KHZ);
1539 }
1540 return true;
1541}
1542
1543static unsigned long __init get_loops_per_jiffy(void)
1544{
1545 u64 lpj = (u64)tsc_khz * KHZ;
1546
1547 do_div(lpj, HZ);
1548 return lpj;
1549}
1550
1551static void __init tsc_enable_sched_clock(void)
1552{
1553 loops_per_jiffy = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1554 use_tsc_delay();
1555
1556 /* Sanitize TSC ADJUST before cyc2ns gets initialized */
1557 tsc_store_and_check_tsc_adjust(true);
1558 cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu();
1559 static_branch_enable(&__use_tsc);
1560}
1561
1562void __init tsc_early_init(void)
1563{
1564 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1565 return;
1566 /* Don't change UV TSC multi-chassis synchronization */
1567 if (is_early_uv_system())
1568 return;
1569 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(true))
1570 return;
1571 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1572}
1573
1574void __init tsc_init(void)
1575{
1576 if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
1577 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1578 return;
1579 }
1580
1581 /*
1582 * native_calibrate_cpu_early can only calibrate using methods that are
1583 * available early in boot.
1584 */
1585 if (x86_platform.calibrate_cpu == native_calibrate_cpu_early)
1586 x86_platform.calibrate_cpu = native_calibrate_cpu;
1587
1588 if (!tsc_khz) {
1589 /* We failed to determine frequencies earlier, try again */
1590 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(false)) {
1591 mark_tsc_unstable("could not calculate TSC khz");
1592 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1593 return;
1594 }
1595 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1596 }
1597
1598 cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus();
1599
1600 if (!no_sched_irq_time)
1601 enable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1602
1603 lpj_fine = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1604
1605 check_system_tsc_reliable();
1606
1607 if (unsynchronized_tsc()) {
1608 mark_tsc_unstable("TSCs unsynchronized");
1609 return;
1610 }
1611
1612 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable || no_tsc_watchdog)
1613 tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog();
1614
1615 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc_early, tsc_khz);
1616 detect_art();
1617}
1618
1619#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1620/*
1621 * Check whether existing calibration data can be reused.
1622 */
1623unsigned long calibrate_delay_is_known(void)
1624{
1625 int sibling, cpu = smp_processor_id();
1626 int constant_tsc = cpu_has(&cpu_data(cpu), X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC);
1627 const struct cpumask *mask = topology_core_cpumask(cpu);
1628
1629 /*
1630 * If TSC has constant frequency and TSC is synchronized across
1631 * sockets then reuse CPU0 calibration.
1632 */
1633 if (constant_tsc && !tsc_unstable)
1634 return cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy;
1635
1636 /*
1637 * If TSC has constant frequency and TSC is not synchronized across
1638 * sockets and this is not the first CPU in the socket, then reuse
1639 * the calibration value of an already online CPU on that socket.
1640 *
1641 * This assumes that CONSTANT_TSC is consistent for all CPUs in a
1642 * socket.
1643 */
1644 if (!constant_tsc || !mask)
1645 return 0;
1646
1647 sibling = cpumask_any_but(mask, cpu);
1648 if (sibling < nr_cpu_ids)
1649 return cpu_data(sibling).loops_per_jiffy;
1650 return 0;
1651}
1652#endif