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v5.4
  1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
  2/*
  3 * Pid namespaces
  4 *
  5 * Authors:
  6 *    (C) 2007 Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>, OpenVZ, SWsoft Inc.
  7 *    (C) 2007 Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>, IBM
  8 *     Many thanks to Oleg Nesterov for comments and help
  9 *
 10 */
 11
 12#include <linux/pid.h>
 13#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
 14#include <linux/user_namespace.h>
 15#include <linux/syscalls.h>
 16#include <linux/cred.h>
 17#include <linux/err.h>
 18#include <linux/acct.h>
 19#include <linux/slab.h>
 20#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
 21#include <linux/reboot.h>
 22#include <linux/export.h>
 23#include <linux/sched/task.h>
 24#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
 25#include <linux/idr.h>
 26
 27static DEFINE_MUTEX(pid_caches_mutex);
 28static struct kmem_cache *pid_ns_cachep;
 29/* MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL is needed for limiting size of 'struct pid' */
 30#define MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL 32
 31/* Write once array, filled from the beginning. */
 32static struct kmem_cache *pid_cache[MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL];
 33
 34/*
 35 * creates the kmem cache to allocate pids from.
 36 * @level: pid namespace level
 37 */
 38
 39static struct kmem_cache *create_pid_cachep(unsigned int level)
 40{
 41	/* Level 0 is init_pid_ns.pid_cachep */
 42	struct kmem_cache **pkc = &pid_cache[level - 1];
 43	struct kmem_cache *kc;
 44	char name[4 + 10 + 1];
 45	unsigned int len;
 46
 47	kc = READ_ONCE(*pkc);
 48	if (kc)
 49		return kc;
 50
 51	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "pid_%u", level + 1);
 52	len = sizeof(struct pid) + level * sizeof(struct upid);
 53	mutex_lock(&pid_caches_mutex);
 54	/* Name collision forces to do allocation under mutex. */
 55	if (!*pkc)
 56		*pkc = kmem_cache_create(name, len, 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, 0);
 57	mutex_unlock(&pid_caches_mutex);
 58	/* current can fail, but someone else can succeed. */
 59	return READ_ONCE(*pkc);
 60}
 61
 62static void proc_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work)
 63{
 64	struct pid_namespace *ns = container_of(work, struct pid_namespace, proc_work);
 65	pid_ns_release_proc(ns);
 66}
 67
 68static struct ucounts *inc_pid_namespaces(struct user_namespace *ns)
 69{
 70	return inc_ucount(ns, current_euid(), UCOUNT_PID_NAMESPACES);
 71}
 72
 73static void dec_pid_namespaces(struct ucounts *ucounts)
 74{
 75	dec_ucount(ucounts, UCOUNT_PID_NAMESPACES);
 76}
 77
 78static struct pid_namespace *create_pid_namespace(struct user_namespace *user_ns,
 79	struct pid_namespace *parent_pid_ns)
 80{
 81	struct pid_namespace *ns;
 82	unsigned int level = parent_pid_ns->level + 1;
 83	struct ucounts *ucounts;
 84	int err;
 85
 86	err = -EINVAL;
 87	if (!in_userns(parent_pid_ns->user_ns, user_ns))
 88		goto out;
 89
 90	err = -ENOSPC;
 91	if (level > MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL)
 92		goto out;
 93	ucounts = inc_pid_namespaces(user_ns);
 94	if (!ucounts)
 95		goto out;
 96
 97	err = -ENOMEM;
 98	ns = kmem_cache_zalloc(pid_ns_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
 99	if (ns == NULL)
100		goto out_dec;
101
102	idr_init(&ns->idr);
103
104	ns->pid_cachep = create_pid_cachep(level);
105	if (ns->pid_cachep == NULL)
106		goto out_free_idr;
107
108	err = ns_alloc_inum(&ns->ns);
109	if (err)
110		goto out_free_idr;
111	ns->ns.ops = &pidns_operations;
112
113	kref_init(&ns->kref);
114	ns->level = level;
115	ns->parent = get_pid_ns(parent_pid_ns);
116	ns->user_ns = get_user_ns(user_ns);
117	ns->ucounts = ucounts;
118	ns->pid_allocated = PIDNS_ADDING;
119	INIT_WORK(&ns->proc_work, proc_cleanup_work);
120
121	return ns;
122
123out_free_idr:
124	idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
125	kmem_cache_free(pid_ns_cachep, ns);
126out_dec:
127	dec_pid_namespaces(ucounts);
128out:
129	return ERR_PTR(err);
130}
131
132static void delayed_free_pidns(struct rcu_head *p)
133{
134	struct pid_namespace *ns = container_of(p, struct pid_namespace, rcu);
135
136	dec_pid_namespaces(ns->ucounts);
137	put_user_ns(ns->user_ns);
138
139	kmem_cache_free(pid_ns_cachep, ns);
140}
141
142static void destroy_pid_namespace(struct pid_namespace *ns)
143{
144	ns_free_inum(&ns->ns);
145
146	idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
147	call_rcu(&ns->rcu, delayed_free_pidns);
148}
149
150struct pid_namespace *copy_pid_ns(unsigned long flags,
151	struct user_namespace *user_ns, struct pid_namespace *old_ns)
152{
153	if (!(flags & CLONE_NEWPID))
154		return get_pid_ns(old_ns);
155	if (task_active_pid_ns(current) != old_ns)
156		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
157	return create_pid_namespace(user_ns, old_ns);
158}
159
160static void free_pid_ns(struct kref *kref)
161{
162	struct pid_namespace *ns;
163
164	ns = container_of(kref, struct pid_namespace, kref);
165	destroy_pid_namespace(ns);
166}
167
168void put_pid_ns(struct pid_namespace *ns)
169{
170	struct pid_namespace *parent;
171
172	while (ns != &init_pid_ns) {
173		parent = ns->parent;
174		if (!kref_put(&ns->kref, free_pid_ns))
175			break;
176		ns = parent;
177	}
178}
179EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_pid_ns);
180
181void zap_pid_ns_processes(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns)
182{
183	int nr;
184	int rc;
185	struct task_struct *task, *me = current;
186	int init_pids = thread_group_leader(me) ? 1 : 2;
187	struct pid *pid;
188
189	/* Don't allow any more processes into the pid namespace */
190	disable_pid_allocation(pid_ns);
191
192	/*
193	 * Ignore SIGCHLD causing any terminated children to autoreap.
194	 * This speeds up the namespace shutdown, plus see the comment
195	 * below.
196	 */
197	spin_lock_irq(&me->sighand->siglock);
198	me->sighand->action[SIGCHLD - 1].sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
199	spin_unlock_irq(&me->sighand->siglock);
200
201	/*
202	 * The last thread in the cgroup-init thread group is terminating.
203	 * Find remaining pid_ts in the namespace, signal and wait for them
204	 * to exit.
205	 *
206	 * Note:  This signals each threads in the namespace - even those that
207	 * 	  belong to the same thread group, To avoid this, we would have
208	 * 	  to walk the entire tasklist looking a processes in this
209	 * 	  namespace, but that could be unnecessarily expensive if the
210	 * 	  pid namespace has just a few processes. Or we need to
211	 * 	  maintain a tasklist for each pid namespace.
212	 *
213	 */
214	rcu_read_lock();
215	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
216	nr = 2;
217	idr_for_each_entry_continue(&pid_ns->idr, pid, nr) {
218		task = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
219		if (task && !__fatal_signal_pending(task))
220			group_send_sig_info(SIGKILL, SEND_SIG_PRIV, task, PIDTYPE_MAX);
221	}
222	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
223	rcu_read_unlock();
224
225	/*
226	 * Reap the EXIT_ZOMBIE children we had before we ignored SIGCHLD.
227	 * kernel_wait4() will also block until our children traced from the
228	 * parent namespace are detached and become EXIT_DEAD.
229	 */
230	do {
231		clear_thread_flag(TIF_SIGPENDING);
232		rc = kernel_wait4(-1, NULL, __WALL, NULL);
233	} while (rc != -ECHILD);
234
235	/*
236	 * kernel_wait4() above can't reap the EXIT_DEAD children but we do not
237	 * really care, we could reparent them to the global init. We could
238	 * exit and reap ->child_reaper even if it is not the last thread in
239	 * this pid_ns, free_pid(pid_allocated == 0) calls proc_cleanup_work(),
240	 * pid_ns can not go away until proc_kill_sb() drops the reference.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
241	 *
242	 * But this ns can also have other tasks injected by setns()+fork().
243	 * Again, ignoring the user visible semantics we do not really need
244	 * to wait until they are all reaped, but they can be reparented to
245	 * us and thus we need to ensure that pid->child_reaper stays valid
246	 * until they all go away. See free_pid()->wake_up_process().
247	 *
248	 * We rely on ignored SIGCHLD, an injected zombie must be autoreaped
249	 * if reparented.
250	 */
251	for (;;) {
252		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
253		if (pid_ns->pid_allocated == init_pids)
254			break;
255		schedule();
256	}
257	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
258
259	if (pid_ns->reboot)
260		current->signal->group_exit_code = pid_ns->reboot;
261
262	acct_exit_ns(pid_ns);
263	return;
264}
265
266#ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
267static int pid_ns_ctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
268		void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
269{
270	struct pid_namespace *pid_ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
271	struct ctl_table tmp = *table;
272	int ret, next;
273
274	if (write && !ns_capable(pid_ns->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
275		return -EPERM;
276
277	/*
278	 * Writing directly to ns' last_pid field is OK, since this field
279	 * is volatile in a living namespace anyway and a code writing to
280	 * it should synchronize its usage with external means.
281	 */
282
283	next = idr_get_cursor(&pid_ns->idr) - 1;
284
285	tmp.data = &next;
286	ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(&tmp, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
287	if (!ret && write)
288		idr_set_cursor(&pid_ns->idr, next + 1);
289
290	return ret;
291}
292
293extern int pid_max;
294static struct ctl_table pid_ns_ctl_table[] = {
295	{
296		.procname = "ns_last_pid",
297		.maxlen = sizeof(int),
298		.mode = 0666, /* permissions are checked in the handler */
299		.proc_handler = pid_ns_ctl_handler,
300		.extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
301		.extra2 = &pid_max,
302	},
303	{ }
304};
305static struct ctl_path kern_path[] = { { .procname = "kernel", }, { } };
306#endif	/* CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE */
307
308int reboot_pid_ns(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, int cmd)
309{
310	if (pid_ns == &init_pid_ns)
311		return 0;
312
313	switch (cmd) {
314	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2:
315	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART:
316		pid_ns->reboot = SIGHUP;
317		break;
318
319	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF:
320	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT:
321		pid_ns->reboot = SIGINT;
322		break;
323	default:
324		return -EINVAL;
325	}
326
327	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
328	send_sig(SIGKILL, pid_ns->child_reaper, 1);
329	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
330
331	do_exit(0);
332
333	/* Not reached */
334	return 0;
335}
336
337static inline struct pid_namespace *to_pid_ns(struct ns_common *ns)
338{
339	return container_of(ns, struct pid_namespace, ns);
340}
341
342static struct ns_common *pidns_get(struct task_struct *task)
343{
344	struct pid_namespace *ns;
345
346	rcu_read_lock();
347	ns = task_active_pid_ns(task);
348	if (ns)
349		get_pid_ns(ns);
350	rcu_read_unlock();
351
352	return ns ? &ns->ns : NULL;
353}
354
355static struct ns_common *pidns_for_children_get(struct task_struct *task)
356{
357	struct pid_namespace *ns = NULL;
358
359	task_lock(task);
360	if (task->nsproxy) {
361		ns = task->nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children;
362		get_pid_ns(ns);
363	}
364	task_unlock(task);
365
366	if (ns) {
367		read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
368		if (!ns->child_reaper) {
369			put_pid_ns(ns);
370			ns = NULL;
371		}
372		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
373	}
374
375	return ns ? &ns->ns : NULL;
376}
377
378static void pidns_put(struct ns_common *ns)
379{
380	put_pid_ns(to_pid_ns(ns));
381}
382
383static int pidns_install(struct nsproxy *nsproxy, struct ns_common *ns)
384{
 
385	struct pid_namespace *active = task_active_pid_ns(current);
386	struct pid_namespace *ancestor, *new = to_pid_ns(ns);
387
388	if (!ns_capable(new->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN) ||
389	    !ns_capable(current_user_ns(), CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
390		return -EPERM;
391
392	/*
393	 * Only allow entering the current active pid namespace
394	 * or a child of the current active pid namespace.
395	 *
396	 * This is required for fork to return a usable pid value and
397	 * this maintains the property that processes and their
398	 * children can not escape their current pid namespace.
399	 */
400	if (new->level < active->level)
401		return -EINVAL;
402
403	ancestor = new;
404	while (ancestor->level > active->level)
405		ancestor = ancestor->parent;
406	if (ancestor != active)
407		return -EINVAL;
408
409	put_pid_ns(nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children);
410	nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children = get_pid_ns(new);
411	return 0;
412}
413
414static struct ns_common *pidns_get_parent(struct ns_common *ns)
415{
416	struct pid_namespace *active = task_active_pid_ns(current);
417	struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, *p;
418
419	/* See if the parent is in the current namespace */
420	pid_ns = p = to_pid_ns(ns)->parent;
421	for (;;) {
422		if (!p)
423			return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
424		if (p == active)
425			break;
426		p = p->parent;
427	}
428
429	return &get_pid_ns(pid_ns)->ns;
430}
431
432static struct user_namespace *pidns_owner(struct ns_common *ns)
433{
434	return to_pid_ns(ns)->user_ns;
435}
436
437const struct proc_ns_operations pidns_operations = {
438	.name		= "pid",
439	.type		= CLONE_NEWPID,
440	.get		= pidns_get,
441	.put		= pidns_put,
442	.install	= pidns_install,
443	.owner		= pidns_owner,
444	.get_parent	= pidns_get_parent,
445};
446
447const struct proc_ns_operations pidns_for_children_operations = {
448	.name		= "pid_for_children",
449	.real_ns_name	= "pid",
450	.type		= CLONE_NEWPID,
451	.get		= pidns_for_children_get,
452	.put		= pidns_put,
453	.install	= pidns_install,
454	.owner		= pidns_owner,
455	.get_parent	= pidns_get_parent,
456};
457
458static __init int pid_namespaces_init(void)
459{
460	pid_ns_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(pid_namespace, SLAB_PANIC);
461
462#ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
463	register_sysctl_paths(kern_path, pid_ns_ctl_table);
464#endif
465	return 0;
466}
467
468__initcall(pid_namespaces_init);
v5.9
  1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
  2/*
  3 * Pid namespaces
  4 *
  5 * Authors:
  6 *    (C) 2007 Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>, OpenVZ, SWsoft Inc.
  7 *    (C) 2007 Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>, IBM
  8 *     Many thanks to Oleg Nesterov for comments and help
  9 *
 10 */
 11
 12#include <linux/pid.h>
 13#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
 14#include <linux/user_namespace.h>
 15#include <linux/syscalls.h>
 16#include <linux/cred.h>
 17#include <linux/err.h>
 18#include <linux/acct.h>
 19#include <linux/slab.h>
 20#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
 21#include <linux/reboot.h>
 22#include <linux/export.h>
 23#include <linux/sched/task.h>
 24#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
 25#include <linux/idr.h>
 26
 27static DEFINE_MUTEX(pid_caches_mutex);
 28static struct kmem_cache *pid_ns_cachep;
 
 
 29/* Write once array, filled from the beginning. */
 30static struct kmem_cache *pid_cache[MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL];
 31
 32/*
 33 * creates the kmem cache to allocate pids from.
 34 * @level: pid namespace level
 35 */
 36
 37static struct kmem_cache *create_pid_cachep(unsigned int level)
 38{
 39	/* Level 0 is init_pid_ns.pid_cachep */
 40	struct kmem_cache **pkc = &pid_cache[level - 1];
 41	struct kmem_cache *kc;
 42	char name[4 + 10 + 1];
 43	unsigned int len;
 44
 45	kc = READ_ONCE(*pkc);
 46	if (kc)
 47		return kc;
 48
 49	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "pid_%u", level + 1);
 50	len = sizeof(struct pid) + level * sizeof(struct upid);
 51	mutex_lock(&pid_caches_mutex);
 52	/* Name collision forces to do allocation under mutex. */
 53	if (!*pkc)
 54		*pkc = kmem_cache_create(name, len, 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, 0);
 55	mutex_unlock(&pid_caches_mutex);
 56	/* current can fail, but someone else can succeed. */
 57	return READ_ONCE(*pkc);
 58}
 59
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60static struct ucounts *inc_pid_namespaces(struct user_namespace *ns)
 61{
 62	return inc_ucount(ns, current_euid(), UCOUNT_PID_NAMESPACES);
 63}
 64
 65static void dec_pid_namespaces(struct ucounts *ucounts)
 66{
 67	dec_ucount(ucounts, UCOUNT_PID_NAMESPACES);
 68}
 69
 70static struct pid_namespace *create_pid_namespace(struct user_namespace *user_ns,
 71	struct pid_namespace *parent_pid_ns)
 72{
 73	struct pid_namespace *ns;
 74	unsigned int level = parent_pid_ns->level + 1;
 75	struct ucounts *ucounts;
 76	int err;
 77
 78	err = -EINVAL;
 79	if (!in_userns(parent_pid_ns->user_ns, user_ns))
 80		goto out;
 81
 82	err = -ENOSPC;
 83	if (level > MAX_PID_NS_LEVEL)
 84		goto out;
 85	ucounts = inc_pid_namespaces(user_ns);
 86	if (!ucounts)
 87		goto out;
 88
 89	err = -ENOMEM;
 90	ns = kmem_cache_zalloc(pid_ns_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
 91	if (ns == NULL)
 92		goto out_dec;
 93
 94	idr_init(&ns->idr);
 95
 96	ns->pid_cachep = create_pid_cachep(level);
 97	if (ns->pid_cachep == NULL)
 98		goto out_free_idr;
 99
100	err = ns_alloc_inum(&ns->ns);
101	if (err)
102		goto out_free_idr;
103	ns->ns.ops = &pidns_operations;
104
105	kref_init(&ns->kref);
106	ns->level = level;
107	ns->parent = get_pid_ns(parent_pid_ns);
108	ns->user_ns = get_user_ns(user_ns);
109	ns->ucounts = ucounts;
110	ns->pid_allocated = PIDNS_ADDING;
 
111
112	return ns;
113
114out_free_idr:
115	idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
116	kmem_cache_free(pid_ns_cachep, ns);
117out_dec:
118	dec_pid_namespaces(ucounts);
119out:
120	return ERR_PTR(err);
121}
122
123static void delayed_free_pidns(struct rcu_head *p)
124{
125	struct pid_namespace *ns = container_of(p, struct pid_namespace, rcu);
126
127	dec_pid_namespaces(ns->ucounts);
128	put_user_ns(ns->user_ns);
129
130	kmem_cache_free(pid_ns_cachep, ns);
131}
132
133static void destroy_pid_namespace(struct pid_namespace *ns)
134{
135	ns_free_inum(&ns->ns);
136
137	idr_destroy(&ns->idr);
138	call_rcu(&ns->rcu, delayed_free_pidns);
139}
140
141struct pid_namespace *copy_pid_ns(unsigned long flags,
142	struct user_namespace *user_ns, struct pid_namespace *old_ns)
143{
144	if (!(flags & CLONE_NEWPID))
145		return get_pid_ns(old_ns);
146	if (task_active_pid_ns(current) != old_ns)
147		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
148	return create_pid_namespace(user_ns, old_ns);
149}
150
151static void free_pid_ns(struct kref *kref)
152{
153	struct pid_namespace *ns;
154
155	ns = container_of(kref, struct pid_namespace, kref);
156	destroy_pid_namespace(ns);
157}
158
159void put_pid_ns(struct pid_namespace *ns)
160{
161	struct pid_namespace *parent;
162
163	while (ns != &init_pid_ns) {
164		parent = ns->parent;
165		if (!kref_put(&ns->kref, free_pid_ns))
166			break;
167		ns = parent;
168	}
169}
170EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_pid_ns);
171
172void zap_pid_ns_processes(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns)
173{
174	int nr;
175	int rc;
176	struct task_struct *task, *me = current;
177	int init_pids = thread_group_leader(me) ? 1 : 2;
178	struct pid *pid;
179
180	/* Don't allow any more processes into the pid namespace */
181	disable_pid_allocation(pid_ns);
182
183	/*
184	 * Ignore SIGCHLD causing any terminated children to autoreap.
185	 * This speeds up the namespace shutdown, plus see the comment
186	 * below.
187	 */
188	spin_lock_irq(&me->sighand->siglock);
189	me->sighand->action[SIGCHLD - 1].sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
190	spin_unlock_irq(&me->sighand->siglock);
191
192	/*
193	 * The last thread in the cgroup-init thread group is terminating.
194	 * Find remaining pid_ts in the namespace, signal and wait for them
195	 * to exit.
196	 *
197	 * Note:  This signals each threads in the namespace - even those that
198	 * 	  belong to the same thread group, To avoid this, we would have
199	 * 	  to walk the entire tasklist looking a processes in this
200	 * 	  namespace, but that could be unnecessarily expensive if the
201	 * 	  pid namespace has just a few processes. Or we need to
202	 * 	  maintain a tasklist for each pid namespace.
203	 *
204	 */
205	rcu_read_lock();
206	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
207	nr = 2;
208	idr_for_each_entry_continue(&pid_ns->idr, pid, nr) {
209		task = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
210		if (task && !__fatal_signal_pending(task))
211			group_send_sig_info(SIGKILL, SEND_SIG_PRIV, task, PIDTYPE_MAX);
212	}
213	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
214	rcu_read_unlock();
215
216	/*
217	 * Reap the EXIT_ZOMBIE children we had before we ignored SIGCHLD.
218	 * kernel_wait4() will also block until our children traced from the
219	 * parent namespace are detached and become EXIT_DEAD.
220	 */
221	do {
222		clear_thread_flag(TIF_SIGPENDING);
223		rc = kernel_wait4(-1, NULL, __WALL, NULL);
224	} while (rc != -ECHILD);
225
226	/*
227	 * kernel_wait4() misses EXIT_DEAD children, and EXIT_ZOMBIE
228	 * process whose parents processes are outside of the pid
229	 * namespace.  Such processes are created with setns()+fork().
230	 *
231	 * If those EXIT_ZOMBIE processes are not reaped by their
232	 * parents before their parents exit, they will be reparented
233	 * to pid_ns->child_reaper.  Thus pidns->child_reaper needs to
234	 * stay valid until they all go away.
235	 *
236	 * The code relies on the the pid_ns->child_reaper ignoring
237	 * SIGCHILD to cause those EXIT_ZOMBIE processes to be
238	 * autoreaped if reparented.
239	 *
240	 * Semantically it is also desirable to wait for EXIT_ZOMBIE
241	 * processes before allowing the child_reaper to be reaped, as
242	 * that gives the invariant that when the init process of a
243	 * pid namespace is reaped all of the processes in the pid
244	 * namespace are gone.
245	 *
246	 * Once all of the other tasks are gone from the pid_namespace
247	 * free_pid() will awaken this task.
248	 */
249	for (;;) {
250		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
251		if (pid_ns->pid_allocated == init_pids)
252			break;
253		schedule();
254	}
255	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
256
257	if (pid_ns->reboot)
258		current->signal->group_exit_code = pid_ns->reboot;
259
260	acct_exit_ns(pid_ns);
261	return;
262}
263
264#ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
265static int pid_ns_ctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
266		void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
267{
268	struct pid_namespace *pid_ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
269	struct ctl_table tmp = *table;
270	int ret, next;
271
272	if (write && !checkpoint_restore_ns_capable(pid_ns->user_ns))
273		return -EPERM;
274
275	/*
276	 * Writing directly to ns' last_pid field is OK, since this field
277	 * is volatile in a living namespace anyway and a code writing to
278	 * it should synchronize its usage with external means.
279	 */
280
281	next = idr_get_cursor(&pid_ns->idr) - 1;
282
283	tmp.data = &next;
284	ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(&tmp, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
285	if (!ret && write)
286		idr_set_cursor(&pid_ns->idr, next + 1);
287
288	return ret;
289}
290
291extern int pid_max;
292static struct ctl_table pid_ns_ctl_table[] = {
293	{
294		.procname = "ns_last_pid",
295		.maxlen = sizeof(int),
296		.mode = 0666, /* permissions are checked in the handler */
297		.proc_handler = pid_ns_ctl_handler,
298		.extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
299		.extra2 = &pid_max,
300	},
301	{ }
302};
303static struct ctl_path kern_path[] = { { .procname = "kernel", }, { } };
304#endif	/* CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE */
305
306int reboot_pid_ns(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, int cmd)
307{
308	if (pid_ns == &init_pid_ns)
309		return 0;
310
311	switch (cmd) {
312	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2:
313	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART:
314		pid_ns->reboot = SIGHUP;
315		break;
316
317	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF:
318	case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT:
319		pid_ns->reboot = SIGINT;
320		break;
321	default:
322		return -EINVAL;
323	}
324
325	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
326	send_sig(SIGKILL, pid_ns->child_reaper, 1);
327	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
328
329	do_exit(0);
330
331	/* Not reached */
332	return 0;
333}
334
335static inline struct pid_namespace *to_pid_ns(struct ns_common *ns)
336{
337	return container_of(ns, struct pid_namespace, ns);
338}
339
340static struct ns_common *pidns_get(struct task_struct *task)
341{
342	struct pid_namespace *ns;
343
344	rcu_read_lock();
345	ns = task_active_pid_ns(task);
346	if (ns)
347		get_pid_ns(ns);
348	rcu_read_unlock();
349
350	return ns ? &ns->ns : NULL;
351}
352
353static struct ns_common *pidns_for_children_get(struct task_struct *task)
354{
355	struct pid_namespace *ns = NULL;
356
357	task_lock(task);
358	if (task->nsproxy) {
359		ns = task->nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children;
360		get_pid_ns(ns);
361	}
362	task_unlock(task);
363
364	if (ns) {
365		read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
366		if (!ns->child_reaper) {
367			put_pid_ns(ns);
368			ns = NULL;
369		}
370		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
371	}
372
373	return ns ? &ns->ns : NULL;
374}
375
376static void pidns_put(struct ns_common *ns)
377{
378	put_pid_ns(to_pid_ns(ns));
379}
380
381static int pidns_install(struct nsset *nsset, struct ns_common *ns)
382{
383	struct nsproxy *nsproxy = nsset->nsproxy;
384	struct pid_namespace *active = task_active_pid_ns(current);
385	struct pid_namespace *ancestor, *new = to_pid_ns(ns);
386
387	if (!ns_capable(new->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN) ||
388	    !ns_capable(nsset->cred->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
389		return -EPERM;
390
391	/*
392	 * Only allow entering the current active pid namespace
393	 * or a child of the current active pid namespace.
394	 *
395	 * This is required for fork to return a usable pid value and
396	 * this maintains the property that processes and their
397	 * children can not escape their current pid namespace.
398	 */
399	if (new->level < active->level)
400		return -EINVAL;
401
402	ancestor = new;
403	while (ancestor->level > active->level)
404		ancestor = ancestor->parent;
405	if (ancestor != active)
406		return -EINVAL;
407
408	put_pid_ns(nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children);
409	nsproxy->pid_ns_for_children = get_pid_ns(new);
410	return 0;
411}
412
413static struct ns_common *pidns_get_parent(struct ns_common *ns)
414{
415	struct pid_namespace *active = task_active_pid_ns(current);
416	struct pid_namespace *pid_ns, *p;
417
418	/* See if the parent is in the current namespace */
419	pid_ns = p = to_pid_ns(ns)->parent;
420	for (;;) {
421		if (!p)
422			return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
423		if (p == active)
424			break;
425		p = p->parent;
426	}
427
428	return &get_pid_ns(pid_ns)->ns;
429}
430
431static struct user_namespace *pidns_owner(struct ns_common *ns)
432{
433	return to_pid_ns(ns)->user_ns;
434}
435
436const struct proc_ns_operations pidns_operations = {
437	.name		= "pid",
438	.type		= CLONE_NEWPID,
439	.get		= pidns_get,
440	.put		= pidns_put,
441	.install	= pidns_install,
442	.owner		= pidns_owner,
443	.get_parent	= pidns_get_parent,
444};
445
446const struct proc_ns_operations pidns_for_children_operations = {
447	.name		= "pid_for_children",
448	.real_ns_name	= "pid",
449	.type		= CLONE_NEWPID,
450	.get		= pidns_for_children_get,
451	.put		= pidns_put,
452	.install	= pidns_install,
453	.owner		= pidns_owner,
454	.get_parent	= pidns_get_parent,
455};
456
457static __init int pid_namespaces_init(void)
458{
459	pid_ns_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(pid_namespace, SLAB_PANIC);
460
461#ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
462	register_sysctl_paths(kern_path, pid_ns_ctl_table);
463#endif
464	return 0;
465}
466
467__initcall(pid_namespaces_init);