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1/*
2 * linux/init/main.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 *
6 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
10 */
11
12#include <linux/types.h>
13#include <linux/module.h>
14#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
15#include <linux/kernel.h>
16#include <linux/syscalls.h>
17#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
18#include <linux/string.h>
19#include <linux/ctype.h>
20#include <linux/delay.h>
21#include <linux/ioport.h>
22#include <linux/init.h>
23#include <linux/initrd.h>
24#include <linux/bootmem.h>
25#include <linux/acpi.h>
26#include <linux/tty.h>
27#include <linux/percpu.h>
28#include <linux/kmod.h>
29#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
30#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
31#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
32#include <linux/security.h>
33#include <linux/smp.h>
34#include <linux/profile.h>
35#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
36#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
37#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
38#include <linux/writeback.h>
39#include <linux/cpu.h>
40#include <linux/cpuset.h>
41#include <linux/cgroup.h>
42#include <linux/efi.h>
43#include <linux/tick.h>
44#include <linux/interrupt.h>
45#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
46#include <linux/delayacct.h>
47#include <linux/unistd.h>
48#include <linux/rmap.h>
49#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
50#include <linux/key.h>
51#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
52#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
53#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
54#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
55#include <linux/lockdep.h>
56#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
57#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
58#include <linux/device.h>
59#include <linux/kthread.h>
60#include <linux/sched.h>
61#include <linux/signal.h>
62#include <linux/idr.h>
63#include <linux/kgdb.h>
64#include <linux/ftrace.h>
65#include <linux/async.h>
66#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
67#include <linux/sfi.h>
68#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
69#include <linux/slab.h>
70#include <linux/perf_event.h>
71
72#include <asm/io.h>
73#include <asm/bugs.h>
74#include <asm/setup.h>
75#include <asm/sections.h>
76#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
77
78#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
79#include <asm/smp.h>
80#endif
81
82static int kernel_init(void *);
83
84extern void init_IRQ(void);
85extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
86extern void mca_init(void);
87extern void sbus_init(void);
88extern void prio_tree_init(void);
89extern void radix_tree_init(void);
90extern void free_initmem(void);
91#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
92static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
93#endif
94
95#ifdef CONFIG_TC
96extern void tc_init(void);
97#endif
98
99/*
100 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
101 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled. This means
102 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
103 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
104 * flag is set.
105 */
106bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
107
108enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
109EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
110
111/*
112 * Boot command-line arguments
113 */
114#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
115#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
116
117extern void time_init(void);
118/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
119void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
120extern void softirq_init(void);
121
122/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
123char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
124/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
125char *saved_command_line;
126/* Command line for parameter parsing */
127static char *static_command_line;
128
129static char *execute_command;
130static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
131
132/*
133 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
134 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
135 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
136 *
137 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
138 * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
139 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
140 */
141unsigned int reset_devices;
142EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
143
144static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
145{
146 reset_devices = 1;
147 return 1;
148}
149
150__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
151
152static const char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
153const char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
154static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
155
156extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
157
158static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
159{
160 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
161 int had_early_param = 0;
162
163 p = __setup_start;
164 do {
165 int n = strlen(p->str);
166 if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
167 if (p->early) {
168 /* Already done in parse_early_param?
169 * (Needs exact match on param part).
170 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
171 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
172 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
173 had_early_param = 1;
174 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
175 printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
176 " ignored\n", p->str);
177 return 1;
178 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
179 return 1;
180 }
181 p++;
182 } while (p < __setup_end);
183
184 return had_early_param;
185}
186
187/*
188 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
189 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
190 */
191unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
192
193EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
194
195static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
196{
197 console_loglevel = 10;
198 return 0;
199}
200
201static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
202{
203 console_loglevel = 4;
204 return 0;
205}
206
207early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
208early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
209
210static int __init loglevel(char *str)
211{
212 int newlevel;
213
214 /*
215 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
216 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
217 * are quite hard to debug
218 */
219 if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
220 console_loglevel = newlevel;
221 return 0;
222 }
223
224 return -EINVAL;
225}
226
227early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
228
229/*
230 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
231 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
232 */
233static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
234{
235 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
236 if (val) {
237 /* param=val or param="val"? */
238 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
239 val[-1] = '=';
240 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
241 val[-2] = '=';
242 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
243 val--;
244 } else
245 BUG();
246 }
247
248 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
249 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
250 return 0;
251
252 /* Unused module parameter. */
253 if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
254 return 0;
255
256 if (panic_later)
257 return 0;
258
259 if (val) {
260 /* Environment option */
261 unsigned int i;
262 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
263 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
264 panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
265 panic_param = param;
266 }
267 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
268 break;
269 }
270 envp_init[i] = param;
271 } else {
272 /* Command line option */
273 unsigned int i;
274 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
275 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
276 panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
277 panic_param = param;
278 }
279 }
280 argv_init[i] = param;
281 }
282 return 0;
283}
284
285#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
286int __read_mostly debug_pagealloc_enabled = 0;
287#endif
288
289static int __init init_setup(char *str)
290{
291 unsigned int i;
292
293 execute_command = str;
294 /*
295 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
296 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
297 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
298 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
299 */
300 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
301 argv_init[i] = NULL;
302 return 1;
303}
304__setup("init=", init_setup);
305
306static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
307{
308 unsigned int i;
309
310 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
311 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
312 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
313 argv_init[i] = NULL;
314 return 1;
315}
316__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
317
318#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
319static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
320#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
321static void __init smp_init(void)
322{
323 APIC_init_uniprocessor();
324}
325#else
326#define smp_init() do { } while (0)
327#endif
328
329static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
330static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
331#endif
332
333/*
334 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
335 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
336 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
337 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
338 */
339static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
340{
341 saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
342 static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
343 strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
344 strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
345}
346
347/*
348 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
349 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
350 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
351 * cpu_idle.
352 *
353 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
354 */
355
356static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
357
358static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
359{
360 int pid;
361
362 rcu_scheduler_starting();
363 /*
364 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
365 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
366 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
367 */
368 kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
369 numa_default_policy();
370 pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
371 rcu_read_lock();
372 kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
373 rcu_read_unlock();
374 complete(&kthreadd_done);
375
376 /*
377 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
378 * at least once to get things moving:
379 */
380 init_idle_bootup_task(current);
381 preempt_enable_no_resched();
382 schedule();
383
384 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
385 preempt_disable();
386 cpu_idle();
387}
388
389/* Check for early params. */
390static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
391{
392 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
393
394 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
395 if ((p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) ||
396 (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
397 strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
398 ) {
399 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
400 printk(KERN_WARNING
401 "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
402 }
403 }
404 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
405 return 0;
406}
407
408void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
409{
410 parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
411}
412
413/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
414void __init parse_early_param(void)
415{
416 static __initdata int done = 0;
417 static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
418
419 if (done)
420 return;
421
422 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
423 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
424 parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
425 done = 1;
426}
427
428/*
429 * Activate the first processor.
430 */
431
432static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
433{
434 int cpu = smp_processor_id();
435 /* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
436 set_cpu_online(cpu, true);
437 set_cpu_active(cpu, true);
438 set_cpu_present(cpu, true);
439 set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);
440}
441
442void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
443{
444}
445
446void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
447{
448}
449
450/*
451 * Set up kernel memory allocators
452 */
453static void __init mm_init(void)
454{
455 /*
456 * page_cgroup requires countinous pages as memmap
457 * and it's bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
458 */
459 page_cgroup_init_flatmem();
460 mem_init();
461 kmem_cache_init();
462 percpu_init_late();
463 pgtable_cache_init();
464 vmalloc_init();
465}
466
467asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
468{
469 char * command_line;
470 extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
471
472 smp_setup_processor_id();
473
474 /*
475 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
476 * lockdep hash:
477 */
478 lockdep_init();
479 debug_objects_early_init();
480
481 /*
482 * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
483 */
484 boot_init_stack_canary();
485
486 cgroup_init_early();
487
488 local_irq_disable();
489 early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
490
491/*
492 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
493 * enable them
494 */
495 tick_init();
496 boot_cpu_init();
497 page_address_init();
498 printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
499 setup_arch(&command_line);
500 mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
501 mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
502 setup_command_line(command_line);
503 setup_nr_cpu_ids();
504 setup_per_cpu_areas();
505 smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
506
507 build_all_zonelists(NULL);
508 page_alloc_init();
509
510 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
511 parse_early_param();
512 parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
513 __stop___param - __start___param,
514 &unknown_bootoption);
515 /*
516 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
517 * kmem_cache_init()
518 */
519 setup_log_buf(0);
520 pidhash_init();
521 vfs_caches_init_early();
522 sort_main_extable();
523 trap_init();
524 mm_init();
525
526 /*
527 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
528 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
529 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
530 */
531 sched_init();
532 /*
533 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
534 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
535 */
536 preempt_disable();
537 if (!irqs_disabled()) {
538 printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
539 "enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
540 local_irq_disable();
541 }
542 idr_init_cache();
543 perf_event_init();
544 rcu_init();
545 radix_tree_init();
546 /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
547 early_irq_init();
548 init_IRQ();
549 prio_tree_init();
550 init_timers();
551 hrtimers_init();
552 softirq_init();
553 timekeeping_init();
554 time_init();
555 profile_init();
556 call_function_init();
557 if (!irqs_disabled())
558 printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
559 "enabled early\n");
560 early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
561 local_irq_enable();
562
563 /* Interrupts are enabled now so all GFP allocations are safe. */
564 gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
565
566 kmem_cache_init_late();
567
568 /*
569 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
570 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
571 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
572 */
573 console_init();
574 if (panic_later)
575 panic(panic_later, panic_param);
576
577 lockdep_info();
578
579 /*
580 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
581 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
582 * too:
583 */
584 locking_selftest();
585
586#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
587 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
588 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
589 printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
590 "disabling it.\n",
591 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
592 min_low_pfn);
593 initrd_start = 0;
594 }
595#endif
596 page_cgroup_init();
597 enable_debug_pagealloc();
598 debug_objects_mem_init();
599 kmemleak_init();
600 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
601 numa_policy_init();
602 if (late_time_init)
603 late_time_init();
604 sched_clock_init();
605 calibrate_delay();
606 pidmap_init();
607 anon_vma_init();
608#ifdef CONFIG_X86
609 if (efi_enabled)
610 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
611#endif
612 thread_info_cache_init();
613 cred_init();
614 fork_init(totalram_pages);
615 proc_caches_init();
616 buffer_init();
617 key_init();
618 security_init();
619 dbg_late_init();
620 vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
621 signals_init();
622 /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
623 page_writeback_init();
624#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
625 proc_root_init();
626#endif
627 cgroup_init();
628 cpuset_init();
629 taskstats_init_early();
630 delayacct_init();
631
632 check_bugs();
633
634 acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
635 sfi_init_late();
636
637 ftrace_init();
638
639 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
640 rest_init();
641}
642
643/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
644static void __init do_ctors(void)
645{
646#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
647 ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
648
649 for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
650 (*fn)();
651#endif
652}
653
654int initcall_debug;
655core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
656
657static char msgbuf[64];
658
659static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
660{
661 ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
662 unsigned long long duration;
663 int ret;
664
665 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
666 calltime = ktime_get();
667 ret = fn();
668 rettime = ktime_get();
669 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
670 duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
671 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n", fn,
672 ret, duration);
673
674 return ret;
675}
676
677int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
678{
679 int count = preempt_count();
680 int ret;
681
682 if (initcall_debug)
683 ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
684 else
685 ret = fn();
686
687 msgbuf[0] = 0;
688
689 if (ret && ret != -ENODEV && initcall_debug)
690 sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d ", ret);
691
692 if (preempt_count() != count) {
693 strlcat(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ", sizeof(msgbuf));
694 preempt_count() = count;
695 }
696 if (irqs_disabled()) {
697 strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
698 local_irq_enable();
699 }
700 if (msgbuf[0]) {
701 printk("initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
702 }
703
704 return ret;
705}
706
707
708extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[], __early_initcall_end[];
709
710static void __init do_initcalls(void)
711{
712 initcall_t *fn;
713
714 for (fn = __early_initcall_end; fn < __initcall_end; fn++)
715 do_one_initcall(*fn);
716}
717
718/*
719 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
720 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
721 * running, and memory and process management works.
722 *
723 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
724 */
725static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
726{
727 cpuset_init_smp();
728 usermodehelper_init();
729 shmem_init();
730 driver_init();
731 init_irq_proc();
732 do_ctors();
733 usermodehelper_enable();
734 do_initcalls();
735}
736
737static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
738{
739 initcall_t *fn;
740
741 for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __early_initcall_end; fn++)
742 do_one_initcall(*fn);
743}
744
745static void run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
746{
747 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
748 kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
749}
750
751/* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
752 * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
753 */
754static noinline int init_post(void)
755{
756 /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
757 async_synchronize_full();
758 free_initmem();
759 mark_rodata_ro();
760 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
761 numa_default_policy();
762
763
764 current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
765
766 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
767 run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
768 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
769 ramdisk_execute_command);
770 }
771
772 /*
773 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
774 *
775 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
776 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
777 */
778 if (execute_command) {
779 run_init_process(execute_command);
780 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s. Attempting "
781 "defaults...\n", execute_command);
782 }
783 run_init_process("/sbin/init");
784 run_init_process("/etc/init");
785 run_init_process("/bin/init");
786 run_init_process("/bin/sh");
787
788 panic("No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "
789 "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
790}
791
792static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
793{
794 /*
795 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
796 */
797 wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
798 /*
799 * init can allocate pages on any node
800 */
801 set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
802 /*
803 * init can run on any cpu.
804 */
805 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
806
807 cad_pid = task_pid(current);
808
809 smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
810
811 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
812 lockup_detector_init();
813
814 smp_init();
815 sched_init_smp();
816
817 do_basic_setup();
818
819 /* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
820 if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
821 printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
822
823 (void) sys_dup(0);
824 (void) sys_dup(0);
825 /*
826 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
827 * the work
828 */
829
830 if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
831 ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
832
833 if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
834 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
835 prepare_namespace();
836 }
837
838 /*
839 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
840 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
841 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
842 */
843
844 init_post();
845 return 0;
846}
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2/*
3 * linux/init/main.c
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 *
7 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
8 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
9 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
10 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
11 */
12
13#define DEBUG /* Enable initcall_debug */
14
15#include <linux/types.h>
16#include <linux/extable.h>
17#include <linux/module.h>
18#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
19#include <linux/binfmts.h>
20#include <linux/kernel.h>
21#include <linux/syscalls.h>
22#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
23#include <linux/string.h>
24#include <linux/ctype.h>
25#include <linux/delay.h>
26#include <linux/ioport.h>
27#include <linux/init.h>
28#include <linux/initrd.h>
29#include <linux/memblock.h>
30#include <linux/acpi.h>
31#include <linux/bootconfig.h>
32#include <linux/console.h>
33#include <linux/nmi.h>
34#include <linux/percpu.h>
35#include <linux/kmod.h>
36#include <linux/kprobes.h>
37#include <linux/kmsan.h>
38#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
39#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
40#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
41#include <linux/security.h>
42#include <linux/smp.h>
43#include <linux/profile.h>
44#include <linux/kfence.h>
45#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
46#include <linux/srcu.h>
47#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
48#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
49#include <linux/buildid.h>
50#include <linux/writeback.h>
51#include <linux/cpu.h>
52#include <linux/cpuset.h>
53#include <linux/cgroup.h>
54#include <linux/efi.h>
55#include <linux/tick.h>
56#include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
57#include <linux/interrupt.h>
58#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
59#include <linux/delayacct.h>
60#include <linux/unistd.h>
61#include <linux/utsname.h>
62#include <linux/rmap.h>
63#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
64#include <linux/key.h>
65#include <linux/page_ext.h>
66#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
67#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
68#include <linux/lockdep.h>
69#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
70#include <linux/padata.h>
71#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
72#include <linux/device/driver.h>
73#include <linux/kthread.h>
74#include <linux/sched.h>
75#include <linux/sched/init.h>
76#include <linux/signal.h>
77#include <linux/idr.h>
78#include <linux/kgdb.h>
79#include <linux/ftrace.h>
80#include <linux/async.h>
81#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
82#include <linux/slab.h>
83#include <linux/perf_event.h>
84#include <linux/ptrace.h>
85#include <linux/pti.h>
86#include <linux/blkdev.h>
87#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
88#include <linux/sched/task.h>
89#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
90#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
91#include <linux/random.h>
92#include <linux/list.h>
93#include <linux/integrity.h>
94#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
95#include <linux/io.h>
96#include <linux/cache.h>
97#include <linux/rodata_test.h>
98#include <linux/jump_label.h>
99#include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>
100#include <linux/kcsan.h>
101#include <linux/init_syscalls.h>
102#include <linux/stackdepot.h>
103#include <linux/randomize_kstack.h>
104#include <net/net_namespace.h>
105
106#include <asm/io.h>
107#include <asm/bugs.h>
108#include <asm/setup.h>
109#include <asm/sections.h>
110#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
111
112#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
113#include <trace/events/initcall.h>
114
115#include <kunit/test.h>
116
117static int kernel_init(void *);
118
119extern void init_IRQ(void);
120extern void radix_tree_init(void);
121extern void maple_tree_init(void);
122
123/*
124 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
125 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled. This means
126 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
127 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
128 * flag is set.
129 */
130bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
131
132enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
133EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
134
135/*
136 * Boot command-line arguments
137 */
138#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
139#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
140
141extern void time_init(void);
142/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
143void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
144
145/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
146char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
147/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
148char *saved_command_line __ro_after_init;
149unsigned int saved_command_line_len __ro_after_init;
150/* Command line for parameter parsing */
151static char *static_command_line;
152/* Untouched extra command line */
153static char *extra_command_line;
154/* Extra init arguments */
155static char *extra_init_args;
156
157#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
158/* Is bootconfig on command line? */
159static bool bootconfig_found;
160static size_t initargs_offs;
161#else
162# define bootconfig_found false
163# define initargs_offs 0
164#endif
165
166static char *execute_command;
167static char *ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
168
169/*
170 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
171 * before jump_label_init is called.
172 */
173bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;
174EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);
175
176/*
177 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
178 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
179 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
180 *
181 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
182 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
183 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
184 */
185unsigned int reset_devices;
186EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
187
188static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
189{
190 reset_devices = 1;
191 return 1;
192}
193
194__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
195
196static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
197const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
198static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
199
200extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
201
202static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
203{
204 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
205 bool had_early_param = false;
206
207 p = __setup_start;
208 do {
209 int n = strlen(p->str);
210 if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
211 if (p->early) {
212 /* Already done in parse_early_param?
213 * (Needs exact match on param part).
214 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
215 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
216 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
217 had_early_param = true;
218 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
219 pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
220 p->str);
221 return true;
222 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
223 return true;
224 }
225 p++;
226 } while (p < __setup_end);
227
228 return had_early_param;
229}
230
231/*
232 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
233 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
234 */
235unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
236EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
237
238static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
239{
240 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
241 return 0;
242}
243
244static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
245{
246 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
247 return 0;
248}
249
250early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
251early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
252
253static int __init loglevel(char *str)
254{
255 int newlevel;
256
257 /*
258 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
259 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
260 * are quite hard to debug
261 */
262 if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
263 console_loglevel = newlevel;
264 return 0;
265 }
266
267 return -EINVAL;
268}
269
270early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
271
272#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
273static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t *_size)
274{
275 u32 size, csum;
276 char *data;
277 u32 *hdr;
278 int i;
279
280 if (!initrd_end)
281 return NULL;
282
283 data = (char *)initrd_end - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN;
284 /*
285 * Since Grub may align the size of initrd to 4, we must
286 * check the preceding 3 bytes as well.
287 */
288 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
289 if (!memcmp(data, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN))
290 goto found;
291 data--;
292 }
293 return NULL;
294
295found:
296 hdr = (u32 *)(data - 8);
297 size = le32_to_cpu(hdr[0]);
298 csum = le32_to_cpu(hdr[1]);
299
300 data = ((void *)hdr) - size;
301 if ((unsigned long)data < initrd_start) {
302 pr_err("bootconfig size %d is greater than initrd size %ld\n",
303 size, initrd_end - initrd_start);
304 return NULL;
305 }
306
307 if (xbc_calc_checksum(data, size) != csum) {
308 pr_err("bootconfig checksum failed\n");
309 return NULL;
310 }
311
312 /* Remove bootconfig from initramfs/initrd */
313 initrd_end = (unsigned long)data;
314 if (_size)
315 *_size = size;
316
317 return data;
318}
319#else
320static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t *_size)
321{
322 return NULL;
323}
324#endif
325
326#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
327
328static char xbc_namebuf[XBC_KEYLEN_MAX] __initdata;
329
330#define rest(dst, end) ((end) > (dst) ? (end) - (dst) : 0)
331
332static int __init xbc_snprint_cmdline(char *buf, size_t size,
333 struct xbc_node *root)
334{
335 struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode;
336 char *end = buf + size;
337 const char *val;
338 int ret;
339
340 xbc_node_for_each_key_value(root, knode, val) {
341 ret = xbc_node_compose_key_after(root, knode,
342 xbc_namebuf, XBC_KEYLEN_MAX);
343 if (ret < 0)
344 return ret;
345
346 vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode);
347 if (!vnode) {
348 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s ", xbc_namebuf);
349 if (ret < 0)
350 return ret;
351 buf += ret;
352 continue;
353 }
354 xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {
355 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s=\"%s\" ",
356 xbc_namebuf, val);
357 if (ret < 0)
358 return ret;
359 buf += ret;
360 }
361 }
362
363 return buf - (end - size);
364}
365#undef rest
366
367/* Make an extra command line under given key word */
368static char * __init xbc_make_cmdline(const char *key)
369{
370 struct xbc_node *root;
371 char *new_cmdline;
372 int ret, len = 0;
373
374 root = xbc_find_node(key);
375 if (!root)
376 return NULL;
377
378 /* Count required buffer size */
379 len = xbc_snprint_cmdline(NULL, 0, root);
380 if (len <= 0)
381 return NULL;
382
383 new_cmdline = memblock_alloc(len + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
384 if (!new_cmdline) {
385 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for extra kernel cmdline.\n");
386 return NULL;
387 }
388
389 ret = xbc_snprint_cmdline(new_cmdline, len + 1, root);
390 if (ret < 0 || ret > len) {
391 pr_err("Failed to print extra kernel cmdline.\n");
392 memblock_free(new_cmdline, len + 1);
393 return NULL;
394 }
395
396 return new_cmdline;
397}
398
399static int __init bootconfig_params(char *param, char *val,
400 const char *unused, void *arg)
401{
402 if (strcmp(param, "bootconfig") == 0) {
403 bootconfig_found = true;
404 }
405 return 0;
406}
407
408static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
409{
410 /* The 'bootconfig' has been handled by bootconfig_params(). */
411 return 0;
412}
413
414static void __init setup_boot_config(void)
415{
416 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
417 const char *msg, *data;
418 int pos, ret;
419 size_t size;
420 char *err;
421
422 /* Cut out the bootconfig data even if we have no bootconfig option */
423 data = get_boot_config_from_initrd(&size);
424 /* If there is no bootconfig in initrd, try embedded one. */
425 if (!data)
426 data = xbc_get_embedded_bootconfig(&size);
427
428 strscpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
429 err = parse_args("bootconfig", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
430 bootconfig_params);
431
432 if (IS_ERR(err) || !bootconfig_found)
433 return;
434
435 /* parse_args() stops at the next param of '--' and returns an address */
436 if (err)
437 initargs_offs = err - tmp_cmdline;
438
439 if (!data) {
440 pr_err("'bootconfig' found on command line, but no bootconfig found\n");
441 return;
442 }
443
444 if (size >= XBC_DATA_MAX) {
445 pr_err("bootconfig size %ld greater than max size %d\n",
446 (long)size, XBC_DATA_MAX);
447 return;
448 }
449
450 ret = xbc_init(data, size, &msg, &pos);
451 if (ret < 0) {
452 if (pos < 0)
453 pr_err("Failed to init bootconfig: %s.\n", msg);
454 else
455 pr_err("Failed to parse bootconfig: %s at %d.\n",
456 msg, pos);
457 } else {
458 xbc_get_info(&ret, NULL);
459 pr_info("Load bootconfig: %ld bytes %d nodes\n", (long)size, ret);
460 /* keys starting with "kernel." are passed via cmdline */
461 extra_command_line = xbc_make_cmdline("kernel");
462 /* Also, "init." keys are init arguments */
463 extra_init_args = xbc_make_cmdline("init");
464 }
465 return;
466}
467
468static void __init exit_boot_config(void)
469{
470 xbc_exit();
471}
472
473#else /* !CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG */
474
475static void __init setup_boot_config(void)
476{
477 /* Remove bootconfig data from initrd */
478 get_boot_config_from_initrd(NULL);
479}
480
481static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
482{
483 pr_warn("WARNING: 'bootconfig' found on the kernel command line but CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG is not set.\n");
484 return 0;
485}
486
487#define exit_boot_config() do {} while (0)
488
489#endif /* CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG */
490
491early_param("bootconfig", warn_bootconfig);
492
493/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
494static void __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val)
495{
496 if (val) {
497 /* param=val or param="val"? */
498 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
499 val[-1] = '=';
500 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
501 val[-2] = '=';
502 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
503 } else
504 BUG();
505 }
506}
507
508/* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */
509static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
510 const char *unused, void *arg)
511{
512 unsigned int i;
513
514 if (panic_later)
515 return 0;
516
517 repair_env_string(param, val);
518
519 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
520 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
521 panic_later = "init";
522 panic_param = param;
523 return 0;
524 }
525 }
526 argv_init[i] = param;
527 return 0;
528}
529
530/*
531 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
532 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
533 */
534static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
535 const char *unused, void *arg)
536{
537 size_t len = strlen(param);
538
539 repair_env_string(param, val);
540
541 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
542 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
543 return 0;
544
545 /* Unused module parameter. */
546 if (strnchr(param, len, '.'))
547 return 0;
548
549 if (panic_later)
550 return 0;
551
552 if (val) {
553 /* Environment option */
554 unsigned int i;
555 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
556 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
557 panic_later = "env";
558 panic_param = param;
559 }
560 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], len+1))
561 break;
562 }
563 envp_init[i] = param;
564 } else {
565 /* Command line option */
566 unsigned int i;
567 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
568 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
569 panic_later = "init";
570 panic_param = param;
571 }
572 }
573 argv_init[i] = param;
574 }
575 return 0;
576}
577
578static int __init init_setup(char *str)
579{
580 unsigned int i;
581
582 execute_command = str;
583 /*
584 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
585 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
586 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
587 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
588 */
589 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
590 argv_init[i] = NULL;
591 return 1;
592}
593__setup("init=", init_setup);
594
595static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
596{
597 unsigned int i;
598
599 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
600 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
601 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
602 argv_init[i] = NULL;
603 return 1;
604}
605__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
606
607#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
608static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
609static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
610static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
611#endif
612
613/*
614 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
615 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
616 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
617 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
618 */
619static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
620{
621 size_t len, xlen = 0, ilen = 0;
622
623 if (extra_command_line)
624 xlen = strlen(extra_command_line);
625 if (extra_init_args)
626 ilen = strlen(extra_init_args) + 4; /* for " -- " */
627
628 len = xlen + strlen(boot_command_line) + 1;
629
630 saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len + ilen, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
631 if (!saved_command_line)
632 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len + ilen);
633
634 static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
635 if (!static_command_line)
636 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
637
638 if (xlen) {
639 /*
640 * We have to put extra_command_line before boot command
641 * lines because there could be dashes (separator of init
642 * command line) in the command lines.
643 */
644 strcpy(saved_command_line, extra_command_line);
645 strcpy(static_command_line, extra_command_line);
646 }
647 strcpy(saved_command_line + xlen, boot_command_line);
648 strcpy(static_command_line + xlen, command_line);
649
650 if (ilen) {
651 /*
652 * Append supplemental init boot args to saved_command_line
653 * so that user can check what command line options passed
654 * to init.
655 * The order should always be
656 * " -- "[bootconfig init-param][cmdline init-param]
657 */
658 if (initargs_offs) {
659 len = xlen + initargs_offs;
660 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
661 len += ilen - 4; /* strlen(extra_init_args) */
662 strcpy(saved_command_line + len,
663 boot_command_line + initargs_offs - 1);
664 } else {
665 len = strlen(saved_command_line);
666 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, " -- ");
667 len += 4;
668 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
669 }
670 }
671
672 saved_command_line_len = strlen(saved_command_line);
673}
674
675/*
676 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
677 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
678 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
679 * cpu_idle.
680 *
681 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
682 */
683
684static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
685
686noinline void __ref rest_init(void)
687{
688 struct task_struct *tsk;
689 int pid;
690
691 rcu_scheduler_starting();
692 /*
693 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
694 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
695 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
696 */
697 pid = user_mode_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
698 /*
699 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
700 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
701 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
702 */
703 rcu_read_lock();
704 tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
705 tsk->flags |= PF_NO_SETAFFINITY;
706 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
707 rcu_read_unlock();
708
709 numa_default_policy();
710 pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
711 rcu_read_lock();
712 kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
713 rcu_read_unlock();
714
715 /*
716 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.
717 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y
718 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
719 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
720 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
721 */
722 system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;
723
724 complete(&kthreadd_done);
725
726 /*
727 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
728 * at least once to get things moving:
729 */
730 schedule_preempt_disabled();
731 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
732 cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
733}
734
735/* Check for early params. */
736static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
737 const char *unused, void *arg)
738{
739 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
740
741 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
742 if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
743 (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
744 strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
745 ) {
746 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
747 pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
748 }
749 }
750 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
751 return 0;
752}
753
754void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
755{
756 parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
757 do_early_param);
758}
759
760/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
761void __init parse_early_param(void)
762{
763 static int done __initdata;
764 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
765
766 if (done)
767 return;
768
769 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
770 strscpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
771 parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
772 done = 1;
773}
774
775void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }
776
777void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
778{
779}
780
781# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
782void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)
783{
784}
785#endif
786
787void __init __weak mem_encrypt_init(void) { }
788
789void __init __weak poking_init(void) { }
790
791void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { }
792
793void __init __weak trap_init(void) { }
794
795bool initcall_debug;
796core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
797
798#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
799static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void);
800#else
801static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void)
802{
803}
804#endif
805
806/* Report memory auto-initialization states for this boot. */
807static void __init report_meminit(void)
808{
809 const char *stack;
810
811 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN))
812 stack = "all(pattern)";
813 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO))
814 stack = "all(zero)";
815 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL))
816 stack = "byref_all(zero)";
817 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF))
818 stack = "byref(zero)";
819 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_USER))
820 stack = "__user(zero)";
821 else
822 stack = "off";
823
824 pr_info("mem auto-init: stack:%s, heap alloc:%s, heap free:%s\n",
825 stack, want_init_on_alloc(GFP_KERNEL) ? "on" : "off",
826 want_init_on_free() ? "on" : "off");
827 if (want_init_on_free())
828 pr_info("mem auto-init: clearing system memory may take some time...\n");
829}
830
831/*
832 * Set up kernel memory allocators
833 */
834static void __init mm_init(void)
835{
836 /*
837 * page_ext requires contiguous pages,
838 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
839 */
840 page_ext_init_flatmem();
841 init_mem_debugging_and_hardening();
842 kfence_alloc_pool();
843 report_meminit();
844 kmsan_init_shadow();
845 stack_depot_early_init();
846 mem_init();
847 mem_init_print_info();
848 kmem_cache_init();
849 /*
850 * page_owner must be initialized after buddy is ready, and also after
851 * slab is ready so that stack_depot_init() works properly
852 */
853 page_ext_init_flatmem_late();
854 kmemleak_init();
855 pgtable_init();
856 debug_objects_mem_init();
857 vmalloc_init();
858 /* Should be run after vmap initialization */
859 if (early_page_ext_enabled())
860 page_ext_init();
861 /* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */
862 init_espfix_bsp();
863 /* Should be run after espfix64 is set up. */
864 pti_init();
865 kmsan_init_runtime();
866 mm_cache_init();
867}
868
869#ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
870DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE_RO(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT,
871 randomize_kstack_offset);
872DEFINE_PER_CPU(u32, kstack_offset);
873
874static int __init early_randomize_kstack_offset(char *buf)
875{
876 int ret;
877 bool bool_result;
878
879 ret = kstrtobool(buf, &bool_result);
880 if (ret)
881 return ret;
882
883 if (bool_result)
884 static_branch_enable(&randomize_kstack_offset);
885 else
886 static_branch_disable(&randomize_kstack_offset);
887 return 0;
888}
889early_param("randomize_kstack_offset", early_randomize_kstack_offset);
890#endif
891
892void __init __weak arch_call_rest_init(void)
893{
894 rest_init();
895}
896
897static void __init print_unknown_bootoptions(void)
898{
899 char *unknown_options;
900 char *end;
901 const char *const *p;
902 size_t len;
903
904 if (panic_later || (!argv_init[1] && !envp_init[2]))
905 return;
906
907 /*
908 * Determine how many options we have to print out, plus a space
909 * before each
910 */
911 len = 1; /* null terminator */
912 for (p = &argv_init[1]; *p; p++) {
913 len++;
914 len += strlen(*p);
915 }
916 for (p = &envp_init[2]; *p; p++) {
917 len++;
918 len += strlen(*p);
919 }
920
921 unknown_options = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
922 if (!unknown_options) {
923 pr_err("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
924 __func__, len);
925 return;
926 }
927 end = unknown_options;
928
929 for (p = &argv_init[1]; *p; p++)
930 end += sprintf(end, " %s", *p);
931 for (p = &envp_init[2]; *p; p++)
932 end += sprintf(end, " %s", *p);
933
934 /* Start at unknown_options[1] to skip the initial space */
935 pr_notice("Unknown kernel command line parameters \"%s\", will be passed to user space.\n",
936 &unknown_options[1]);
937 memblock_free(unknown_options, len);
938}
939
940asmlinkage __visible void __init __no_sanitize_address start_kernel(void)
941{
942 char *command_line;
943 char *after_dashes;
944
945 set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
946 smp_setup_processor_id();
947 debug_objects_early_init();
948 init_vmlinux_build_id();
949
950 cgroup_init_early();
951
952 local_irq_disable();
953 early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
954
955 /*
956 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
957 * enable them.
958 */
959 boot_cpu_init();
960 page_address_init();
961 pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
962 early_security_init();
963 setup_arch(&command_line);
964 setup_boot_config();
965 setup_command_line(command_line);
966 setup_nr_cpu_ids();
967 setup_per_cpu_areas();
968 smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
969 boot_cpu_hotplug_init();
970
971 build_all_zonelists(NULL);
972 page_alloc_init();
973
974 pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
975 /* parameters may set static keys */
976 jump_label_init();
977 parse_early_param();
978 after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
979 static_command_line, __start___param,
980 __stop___param - __start___param,
981 -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
982 print_unknown_bootoptions();
983 if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
984 parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
985 NULL, set_init_arg);
986 if (extra_init_args)
987 parse_args("Setting extra init args", extra_init_args,
988 NULL, 0, -1, -1, NULL, set_init_arg);
989
990 /* Architectural and non-timekeeping rng init, before allocator init */
991 random_init_early(command_line);
992
993 /*
994 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
995 * kmem_cache_init()
996 */
997 setup_log_buf(0);
998 vfs_caches_init_early();
999 sort_main_extable();
1000 trap_init();
1001 mm_init();
1002 poking_init();
1003 ftrace_init();
1004
1005 /* trace_printk can be enabled here */
1006 early_trace_init();
1007
1008 /*
1009 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
1010 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
1011 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
1012 */
1013 sched_init();
1014
1015 if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
1016 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
1017 local_irq_disable();
1018 radix_tree_init();
1019 maple_tree_init();
1020
1021 /*
1022 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound
1023 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account.
1024 */
1025 housekeeping_init();
1026
1027 /*
1028 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
1029 * early. Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
1030 * workqueue_init().
1031 */
1032 workqueue_init_early();
1033
1034 rcu_init();
1035
1036 /* Trace events are available after this */
1037 trace_init();
1038
1039 if (initcall_debug)
1040 initcall_debug_enable();
1041
1042 context_tracking_init();
1043 /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
1044 early_irq_init();
1045 init_IRQ();
1046 tick_init();
1047 rcu_init_nohz();
1048 init_timers();
1049 srcu_init();
1050 hrtimers_init();
1051 softirq_init();
1052 timekeeping_init();
1053 time_init();
1054
1055 /* This must be after timekeeping is initialized */
1056 random_init();
1057
1058 /* These make use of the fully initialized rng */
1059 kfence_init();
1060 boot_init_stack_canary();
1061
1062 perf_event_init();
1063 profile_init();
1064 call_function_init();
1065 WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");
1066
1067 early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
1068 local_irq_enable();
1069
1070 kmem_cache_init_late();
1071
1072 /*
1073 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
1074 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
1075 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
1076 */
1077 console_init();
1078 if (panic_later)
1079 panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
1080 panic_param);
1081
1082 lockdep_init();
1083
1084 /*
1085 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
1086 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
1087 * too:
1088 */
1089 locking_selftest();
1090
1091 /*
1092 * This needs to be called before any devices perform DMA
1093 * operations that might use the SWIOTLB bounce buffers. It will
1094 * mark the bounce buffers as decrypted so that their usage will
1095 * not cause "plain-text" data to be decrypted when accessed.
1096 */
1097 mem_encrypt_init();
1098
1099#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
1100 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
1101 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
1102 pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
1103 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
1104 min_low_pfn);
1105 initrd_start = 0;
1106 }
1107#endif
1108 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
1109 numa_policy_init();
1110 acpi_early_init();
1111 if (late_time_init)
1112 late_time_init();
1113 sched_clock_init();
1114 calibrate_delay();
1115 pid_idr_init();
1116 anon_vma_init();
1117#ifdef CONFIG_X86
1118 if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
1119 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
1120#endif
1121 thread_stack_cache_init();
1122 cred_init();
1123 fork_init();
1124 proc_caches_init();
1125 uts_ns_init();
1126 key_init();
1127 security_init();
1128 dbg_late_init();
1129 net_ns_init();
1130 vfs_caches_init();
1131 pagecache_init();
1132 signals_init();
1133 seq_file_init();
1134 proc_root_init();
1135 nsfs_init();
1136 cpuset_init();
1137 cgroup_init();
1138 taskstats_init_early();
1139 delayacct_init();
1140
1141 check_bugs();
1142
1143 acpi_subsystem_init();
1144 arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
1145 kcsan_init();
1146
1147 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
1148 arch_call_rest_init();
1149
1150 prevent_tail_call_optimization();
1151}
1152
1153/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
1154static void __init do_ctors(void)
1155{
1156/*
1157 * For UML, the constructors have already been called by the
1158 * normal setup code as it's just a normal ELF binary, so we
1159 * cannot do it again - but we do need CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
1160 * even on UML for modules.
1161 */
1162#if defined(CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS) && !defined(CONFIG_UML)
1163 ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
1164
1165 for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
1166 (*fn)();
1167#endif
1168}
1169
1170#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
1171struct blacklist_entry {
1172 struct list_head next;
1173 char *buf;
1174};
1175
1176static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);
1177
1178static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1179{
1180 char *str_entry;
1181 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1182
1183 /* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
1184 do {
1185 str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
1186 if (str_entry) {
1187 pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
1188 entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry),
1189 SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1190 if (!entry)
1191 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1192 __func__, sizeof(*entry));
1193 entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1,
1194 SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1195 if (!entry->buf)
1196 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1197 __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1);
1198 strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
1199 list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
1200 }
1201 } while (str_entry);
1202
1203 return 1;
1204}
1205
1206static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1207{
1208 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1209 char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
1210 unsigned long addr;
1211
1212 if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))
1213 return false;
1214
1215 addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
1216 sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);
1217
1218 /*
1219 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
1220 * displayed for built-in init functions. Strip off the [module_name].
1221 */
1222 strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');
1223
1224 list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
1225 if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
1226 pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
1227 return true;
1228 }
1229 }
1230
1231 return false;
1232}
1233#else
1234static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1235{
1236 pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
1237 return 0;
1238}
1239
1240static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1241{
1242 return false;
1243}
1244#endif
1245__setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);
1246
1247static __init_or_module void
1248trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn)
1249{
1250 ktime_t *calltime = data;
1251
1252 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %pS @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
1253 *calltime = ktime_get();
1254}
1255
1256static __init_or_module void
1257trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret)
1258{
1259 ktime_t rettime, *calltime = data;
1260
1261 rettime = ktime_get();
1262 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
1263 fn, ret, (unsigned long long)ktime_us_delta(rettime, *calltime));
1264}
1265
1266static ktime_t initcall_calltime;
1267
1268#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
1269static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void)
1270{
1271 int ret;
1272
1273 ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb,
1274 &initcall_calltime);
1275 ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb,
1276 &initcall_calltime);
1277 WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints\n");
1278}
1279# define do_trace_initcall_start trace_initcall_start
1280# define do_trace_initcall_finish trace_initcall_finish
1281#else
1282static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)
1283{
1284 if (!initcall_debug)
1285 return;
1286 trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn);
1287}
1288static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret)
1289{
1290 if (!initcall_debug)
1291 return;
1292 trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret);
1293}
1294#endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */
1295
1296int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
1297{
1298 int count = preempt_count();
1299 char msgbuf[64];
1300 int ret;
1301
1302 if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
1303 return -EPERM;
1304
1305 do_trace_initcall_start(fn);
1306 ret = fn();
1307 do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret);
1308
1309 msgbuf[0] = 0;
1310
1311 if (preempt_count() != count) {
1312 sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
1313 preempt_count_set(count);
1314 }
1315 if (irqs_disabled()) {
1316 strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
1317 local_irq_enable();
1318 }
1319 WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
1320
1321 add_latent_entropy();
1322 return ret;
1323}
1324
1325
1326extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_start[];
1327extern initcall_entry_t __initcall0_start[];
1328extern initcall_entry_t __initcall1_start[];
1329extern initcall_entry_t __initcall2_start[];
1330extern initcall_entry_t __initcall3_start[];
1331extern initcall_entry_t __initcall4_start[];
1332extern initcall_entry_t __initcall5_start[];
1333extern initcall_entry_t __initcall6_start[];
1334extern initcall_entry_t __initcall7_start[];
1335extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_end[];
1336
1337static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
1338 __initcall0_start,
1339 __initcall1_start,
1340 __initcall2_start,
1341 __initcall3_start,
1342 __initcall4_start,
1343 __initcall5_start,
1344 __initcall6_start,
1345 __initcall7_start,
1346 __initcall_end,
1347};
1348
1349/* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
1350static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
1351 "pure",
1352 "core",
1353 "postcore",
1354 "arch",
1355 "subsys",
1356 "fs",
1357 "device",
1358 "late",
1359};
1360
1361static int __init ignore_unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
1362 const char *unused, void *arg)
1363{
1364 return 0;
1365}
1366
1367static void __init do_initcall_level(int level, char *command_line)
1368{
1369 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1370
1371 parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
1372 command_line, __start___param,
1373 __stop___param - __start___param,
1374 level, level,
1375 NULL, ignore_unknown_bootoption);
1376
1377 trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]);
1378 for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
1379 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1380}
1381
1382static void __init do_initcalls(void)
1383{
1384 int level;
1385 size_t len = saved_command_line_len + 1;
1386 char *command_line;
1387
1388 command_line = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
1389 if (!command_line)
1390 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
1391
1392 for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++) {
1393 /* Parser modifies command_line, restore it each time */
1394 strcpy(command_line, saved_command_line);
1395 do_initcall_level(level, command_line);
1396 }
1397
1398 kfree(command_line);
1399}
1400
1401/*
1402 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
1403 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
1404 * running, and memory and process management works.
1405 *
1406 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
1407 */
1408static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
1409{
1410 cpuset_init_smp();
1411 driver_init();
1412 init_irq_proc();
1413 do_ctors();
1414 do_initcalls();
1415}
1416
1417static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
1418{
1419 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1420
1421 trace_initcall_level("early");
1422 for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
1423 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1424}
1425
1426static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1427{
1428 const char *const *p;
1429
1430 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
1431 pr_info("Run %s as init process\n", init_filename);
1432 pr_debug(" with arguments:\n");
1433 for (p = argv_init; *p; p++)
1434 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1435 pr_debug(" with environment:\n");
1436 for (p = envp_init; *p; p++)
1437 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1438 return kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
1439}
1440
1441static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1442{
1443 int ret;
1444
1445 ret = run_init_process(init_filename);
1446
1447 if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
1448 pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
1449 init_filename, ret);
1450 }
1451
1452 return ret;
1453}
1454
1455static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);
1456
1457#if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)
1458bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;
1459
1460#ifndef arch_parse_debug_rodata
1461static inline bool arch_parse_debug_rodata(char *str) { return false; }
1462#endif
1463
1464static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
1465{
1466 if (arch_parse_debug_rodata(str))
1467 return 0;
1468
1469 if (str && !strcmp(str, "on"))
1470 rodata_enabled = true;
1471 else if (str && !strcmp(str, "off"))
1472 rodata_enabled = false;
1473 else
1474 pr_warn("Invalid option string for rodata: '%s'\n", str);
1475 return 0;
1476}
1477early_param("rodata", set_debug_rodata);
1478#endif
1479
1480#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1481static void mark_readonly(void)
1482{
1483 if (rodata_enabled) {
1484 /*
1485 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned
1486 * up with call_rcu(). Let's make sure that queued work is
1487 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for
1488 * insecure pages which are W+X.
1489 */
1490 rcu_barrier();
1491 mark_rodata_ro();
1492 rodata_test();
1493 } else
1494 pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
1495}
1496#elif defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX)
1497static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1498{
1499 pr_warn("Kernel memory protection not selected by kernel config.\n");
1500}
1501#else
1502static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1503{
1504 pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
1505}
1506#endif
1507
1508void __weak free_initmem(void)
1509{
1510 free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
1511}
1512
1513static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
1514{
1515 int ret;
1516
1517 /*
1518 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
1519 */
1520 wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
1521
1522 kernel_init_freeable();
1523 /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
1524 async_synchronize_full();
1525
1526 system_state = SYSTEM_FREEING_INITMEM;
1527 kprobe_free_init_mem();
1528 ftrace_free_init_mem();
1529 kgdb_free_init_mem();
1530 exit_boot_config();
1531 free_initmem();
1532 mark_readonly();
1533
1534 /*
1535 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
1536 * to finalize PTI.
1537 */
1538 pti_finalize();
1539
1540 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
1541 numa_default_policy();
1542
1543 rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
1544
1545 do_sysctl_args();
1546
1547 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
1548 ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
1549 if (!ret)
1550 return 0;
1551 pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
1552 ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
1553 }
1554
1555 /*
1556 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
1557 *
1558 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
1559 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
1560 */
1561 if (execute_command) {
1562 ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
1563 if (!ret)
1564 return 0;
1565 panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
1566 execute_command, ret);
1567 }
1568
1569 if (CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT[0] != '\0') {
1570 ret = run_init_process(CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT);
1571 if (ret)
1572 pr_err("Default init %s failed (error %d)\n",
1573 CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT, ret);
1574 else
1575 return 0;
1576 }
1577
1578 if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
1579 !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
1580 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
1581 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
1582 return 0;
1583
1584 panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "
1585 "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
1586}
1587
1588/* Open /dev/console, for stdin/stdout/stderr, this should never fail */
1589void __init console_on_rootfs(void)
1590{
1591 struct file *file = filp_open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0);
1592
1593 if (IS_ERR(file)) {
1594 pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
1595 return;
1596 }
1597 init_dup(file);
1598 init_dup(file);
1599 init_dup(file);
1600 fput(file);
1601}
1602
1603static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
1604{
1605 /* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
1606 gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
1607
1608 /*
1609 * init can allocate pages on any node
1610 */
1611 set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
1612
1613 cad_pid = get_pid(task_pid(current));
1614
1615 smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
1616
1617 workqueue_init();
1618
1619 init_mm_internals();
1620
1621 rcu_init_tasks_generic();
1622 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
1623 lockup_detector_init();
1624
1625 smp_init();
1626 sched_init_smp();
1627
1628 padata_init();
1629 page_alloc_init_late();
1630 /* Initialize page ext after all struct pages are initialized. */
1631 if (!early_page_ext_enabled())
1632 page_ext_init();
1633
1634 do_basic_setup();
1635
1636 kunit_run_all_tests();
1637
1638 wait_for_initramfs();
1639 console_on_rootfs();
1640
1641 /*
1642 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
1643 * the work
1644 */
1645 if (init_eaccess(ramdisk_execute_command) != 0) {
1646 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
1647 prepare_namespace();
1648 }
1649
1650 /*
1651 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
1652 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
1653 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
1654 *
1655 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
1656 * and default modules
1657 */
1658
1659 integrity_load_keys();
1660}