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v3.1
  1/*
  2 *  linux/init/main.c
  3 *
  4 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  5 *
  6 *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
  7 *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
  8 *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
  9 *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org> 
 10 */
 11
 12#include <linux/types.h>
 13#include <linux/module.h>
 14#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 15#include <linux/kernel.h>
 16#include <linux/syscalls.h>
 17#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
 18#include <linux/string.h>
 19#include <linux/ctype.h>
 20#include <linux/delay.h>
 21#include <linux/ioport.h>
 22#include <linux/init.h>
 23#include <linux/initrd.h>
 24#include <linux/bootmem.h>
 25#include <linux/acpi.h>
 26#include <linux/tty.h>
 27#include <linux/percpu.h>
 28#include <linux/kmod.h>
 29#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 30#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
 31#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
 32#include <linux/security.h>
 33#include <linux/smp.h>
 34#include <linux/profile.h>
 35#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 36#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 37#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
 38#include <linux/writeback.h>
 39#include <linux/cpu.h>
 40#include <linux/cpuset.h>
 41#include <linux/cgroup.h>
 42#include <linux/efi.h>
 43#include <linux/tick.h>
 44#include <linux/interrupt.h>
 45#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
 46#include <linux/delayacct.h>
 47#include <linux/unistd.h>
 48#include <linux/rmap.h>
 49#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
 50#include <linux/key.h>
 51#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
 52#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
 53#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
 54#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
 55#include <linux/lockdep.h>
 56#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
 57#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
 58#include <linux/device.h>
 59#include <linux/kthread.h>
 60#include <linux/sched.h>
 61#include <linux/signal.h>
 62#include <linux/idr.h>
 63#include <linux/kgdb.h>
 64#include <linux/ftrace.h>
 65#include <linux/async.h>
 66#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
 67#include <linux/sfi.h>
 68#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
 69#include <linux/slab.h>
 70#include <linux/perf_event.h>
 71
 72#include <asm/io.h>
 73#include <asm/bugs.h>
 74#include <asm/setup.h>
 75#include <asm/sections.h>
 76#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
 77
 78#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
 79#include <asm/smp.h>
 80#endif
 81
 82static int kernel_init(void *);
 83
 84extern void init_IRQ(void);
 85extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
 86extern void mca_init(void);
 87extern void sbus_init(void);
 88extern void prio_tree_init(void);
 89extern void radix_tree_init(void);
 90extern void free_initmem(void);
 91#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
 92static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
 93#endif
 94
 95#ifdef CONFIG_TC
 96extern void tc_init(void);
 97#endif
 98
 99/*
100 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
101 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
102 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
103 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
104 * flag is set.
105 */
106bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
107
108enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
109EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
110
111/*
112 * Boot command-line arguments
113 */
114#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
115#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
116
117extern void time_init(void);
118/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
119void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
120extern void softirq_init(void);
121
122/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
123char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
124/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
125char *saved_command_line;
126/* Command line for parameter parsing */
127static char *static_command_line;
128
129static char *execute_command;
130static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
131
132/*
133 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
134 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
135 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
136 *
137 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
138 * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
139 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
140 */
141unsigned int reset_devices;
142EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
143
144static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
145{
146	reset_devices = 1;
147	return 1;
148}
149
150__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
151
152static const char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
153const char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
154static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
155
156extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
157
158static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
159{
160	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
161	int had_early_param = 0;
162
163	p = __setup_start;
164	do {
165		int n = strlen(p->str);
166		if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
167			if (p->early) {
168				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
169				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
170				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
171				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
172				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
173					had_early_param = 1;
174			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
175				printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
176				       " ignored\n", p->str);
177				return 1;
178			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
179				return 1;
180		}
181		p++;
182	} while (p < __setup_end);
183
184	return had_early_param;
185}
186
187/*
188 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
189 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
190 */
191unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
192
193EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
194
195static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
196{
197	console_loglevel = 10;
198	return 0;
199}
200
201static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
202{
203	console_loglevel = 4;
204	return 0;
205}
206
207early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
208early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
209
210static int __init loglevel(char *str)
211{
212	int newlevel;
213
214	/*
215	 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
216	 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
217	 * are quite hard to debug
218	 */
219	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
220		console_loglevel = newlevel;
221		return 0;
222	}
223
224	return -EINVAL;
225}
226
227early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
228
229/*
230 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
231 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
232 */
233static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
234{
235	/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
236	if (val) {
237		/* param=val or param="val"? */
238		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
239			val[-1] = '=';
240		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
241			val[-2] = '=';
242			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
243			val--;
244		} else
245			BUG();
246	}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
247
248	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
249	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
250		return 0;
251
252	/* Unused module parameter. */
253	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
254		return 0;
255
256	if (panic_later)
257		return 0;
258
259	if (val) {
260		/* Environment option */
261		unsigned int i;
262		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
263			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
264				panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
265				panic_param = param;
266			}
267			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
268				break;
269		}
270		envp_init[i] = param;
271	} else {
272		/* Command line option */
273		unsigned int i;
274		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
275			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
276				panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
277				panic_param = param;
278			}
279		}
280		argv_init[i] = param;
281	}
282	return 0;
283}
284
285#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
286int __read_mostly debug_pagealloc_enabled = 0;
287#endif
288
289static int __init init_setup(char *str)
290{
291	unsigned int i;
292
293	execute_command = str;
294	/*
295	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
296	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
297	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
298	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
299	 */
300	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
301		argv_init[i] = NULL;
302	return 1;
303}
304__setup("init=", init_setup);
305
306static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
307{
308	unsigned int i;
309
310	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
311	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
312	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
313		argv_init[i] = NULL;
314	return 1;
315}
316__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
317
318#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
319static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
320#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
321static void __init smp_init(void)
322{
323	APIC_init_uniprocessor();
324}
325#else
326#define smp_init()	do { } while (0)
327#endif
328
329static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
330static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
331#endif
332
333/*
334 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
335 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
336 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
337 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
338 */
339static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
340{
341	saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
342	static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
343	strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
344	strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
345}
346
347/*
348 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
349 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
350 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
351 * cpu_idle.
352 *
353 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
354 */
355
356static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
357
358static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
359{
360	int pid;
361
362	rcu_scheduler_starting();
363	/*
364	 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
365	 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
366	 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
367	 */
368	kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
369	numa_default_policy();
370	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
371	rcu_read_lock();
372	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
373	rcu_read_unlock();
374	complete(&kthreadd_done);
375
376	/*
377	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
378	 * at least once to get things moving:
379	 */
380	init_idle_bootup_task(current);
381	preempt_enable_no_resched();
382	schedule();
383
384	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
385	preempt_disable();
386	cpu_idle();
387}
388
389/* Check for early params. */
390static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
391{
392	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
393
394	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
395		if ((p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) ||
396		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
397		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
398		) {
399			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
400				printk(KERN_WARNING
401				       "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
402		}
403	}
404	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
405	return 0;
406}
407
408void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
409{
410	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
411}
412
413/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
414void __init parse_early_param(void)
415{
416	static __initdata int done = 0;
417	static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
418
419	if (done)
420		return;
421
422	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
423	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
424	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
425	done = 1;
426}
427
428/*
429 *	Activate the first processor.
430 */
431
432static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
433{
434	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
435	/* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
436	set_cpu_online(cpu, true);
437	set_cpu_active(cpu, true);
438	set_cpu_present(cpu, true);
439	set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);
440}
441
442void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
443{
444}
445
446void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
447{
448}
449
450/*
451 * Set up kernel memory allocators
452 */
453static void __init mm_init(void)
454{
455	/*
456	 * page_cgroup requires countinous pages as memmap
457	 * and it's bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
458	 */
459	page_cgroup_init_flatmem();
460	mem_init();
461	kmem_cache_init();
462	percpu_init_late();
463	pgtable_cache_init();
464	vmalloc_init();
465}
466
467asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
468{
469	char * command_line;
470	extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
471
472	smp_setup_processor_id();
473
474	/*
475	 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
476	 * lockdep hash:
477	 */
478	lockdep_init();
 
479	debug_objects_early_init();
480
481	/*
482	 * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
483	 */
484	boot_init_stack_canary();
485
486	cgroup_init_early();
487
488	local_irq_disable();
489	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
490
491/*
492 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
493 * enable them
494 */
495	tick_init();
496	boot_cpu_init();
497	page_address_init();
498	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
499	setup_arch(&command_line);
500	mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
501	mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
502	setup_command_line(command_line);
503	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
504	setup_per_cpu_areas();
505	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
506
507	build_all_zonelists(NULL);
508	page_alloc_init();
509
510	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
511	parse_early_param();
512	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
513		   __stop___param - __start___param,
514		   &unknown_bootoption);
 
 
 
515	/*
516	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
517	 * kmem_cache_init()
518	 */
519	setup_log_buf(0);
520	pidhash_init();
521	vfs_caches_init_early();
522	sort_main_extable();
523	trap_init();
524	mm_init();
525
526	/*
527	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
528	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
529	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
530	 */
531	sched_init();
532	/*
533	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
534	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
535	 */
536	preempt_disable();
537	if (!irqs_disabled()) {
538		printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
539				"enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
540		local_irq_disable();
541	}
542	idr_init_cache();
543	perf_event_init();
544	rcu_init();
545	radix_tree_init();
546	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
547	early_irq_init();
548	init_IRQ();
549	prio_tree_init();
550	init_timers();
551	hrtimers_init();
552	softirq_init();
553	timekeeping_init();
554	time_init();
555	profile_init();
556	call_function_init();
557	if (!irqs_disabled())
558		printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
559				 "enabled early\n");
560	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
561	local_irq_enable();
562
563	/* Interrupts are enabled now so all GFP allocations are safe. */
564	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
565
566	kmem_cache_init_late();
567
568	/*
569	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
570	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
571	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
572	 */
573	console_init();
574	if (panic_later)
575		panic(panic_later, panic_param);
576
577	lockdep_info();
578
579	/*
580	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
581	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
582	 * too:
583	 */
584	locking_selftest();
585
586#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
587	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
588	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
589		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
590		    "disabling it.\n",
591		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
592		    min_low_pfn);
593		initrd_start = 0;
594	}
595#endif
596	page_cgroup_init();
597	enable_debug_pagealloc();
598	debug_objects_mem_init();
599	kmemleak_init();
600	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
601	numa_policy_init();
602	if (late_time_init)
603		late_time_init();
604	sched_clock_init();
605	calibrate_delay();
606	pidmap_init();
607	anon_vma_init();
608#ifdef CONFIG_X86
609	if (efi_enabled)
610		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
611#endif
612	thread_info_cache_init();
613	cred_init();
614	fork_init(totalram_pages);
615	proc_caches_init();
616	buffer_init();
617	key_init();
618	security_init();
619	dbg_late_init();
620	vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
621	signals_init();
622	/* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
623	page_writeback_init();
624#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
625	proc_root_init();
626#endif
627	cgroup_init();
628	cpuset_init();
629	taskstats_init_early();
630	delayacct_init();
631
632	check_bugs();
633
634	acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
635	sfi_init_late();
636
637	ftrace_init();
638
639	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
640	rest_init();
641}
642
643/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
644static void __init do_ctors(void)
645{
646#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
647	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
648
649	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
650		(*fn)();
651#endif
652}
653
654int initcall_debug;
655core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
656
657static char msgbuf[64];
658
659static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
660{
661	ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
662	unsigned long long duration;
663	int ret;
664
665	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
666	calltime = ktime_get();
667	ret = fn();
668	rettime = ktime_get();
669	delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
670	duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
671	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n", fn,
672		ret, duration);
673
674	return ret;
675}
676
677int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
678{
679	int count = preempt_count();
680	int ret;
681
682	if (initcall_debug)
683		ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
684	else
685		ret = fn();
686
687	msgbuf[0] = 0;
688
689	if (ret && ret != -ENODEV && initcall_debug)
690		sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d ", ret);
691
692	if (preempt_count() != count) {
693		strlcat(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ", sizeof(msgbuf));
694		preempt_count() = count;
695	}
696	if (irqs_disabled()) {
697		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
698		local_irq_enable();
699	}
700	if (msgbuf[0]) {
701		printk("initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
702	}
703
704	return ret;
705}
706
707
708extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[], __early_initcall_end[];
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
709
710static void __init do_initcalls(void)
711{
 
712	initcall_t *fn;
713
714	for (fn = __early_initcall_end; fn < __initcall_end; fn++)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
715		do_one_initcall(*fn);
716}
717
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
718/*
719 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
720 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
721 * running, and memory and process management works.
722 *
723 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
724 */
725static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
726{
727	cpuset_init_smp();
728	usermodehelper_init();
729	shmem_init();
730	driver_init();
731	init_irq_proc();
732	do_ctors();
733	usermodehelper_enable();
734	do_initcalls();
735}
736
737static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
738{
739	initcall_t *fn;
740
741	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __early_initcall_end; fn++)
742		do_one_initcall(*fn);
743}
744
745static void run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
746{
747	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
748	kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
749}
750
751/* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
752 * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
753 */
754static noinline int init_post(void)
755{
756	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
757	async_synchronize_full();
758	free_initmem();
759	mark_rodata_ro();
760	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
761	numa_default_policy();
762
763
764	current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
765
766	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
767		run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
768		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
769				ramdisk_execute_command);
770	}
771
772	/*
773	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
774	 *
775	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
776	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
777	 */
778	if (execute_command) {
779		run_init_process(execute_command);
780		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
781					"defaults...\n", execute_command);
782	}
783	run_init_process("/sbin/init");
784	run_init_process("/etc/init");
785	run_init_process("/bin/init");
786	run_init_process("/bin/sh");
787
788	panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
789	      "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
790}
791
792static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
793{
794	/*
795	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
796	 */
797	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
 
 
 
 
798	/*
799	 * init can allocate pages on any node
800	 */
801	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
802	/*
803	 * init can run on any cpu.
804	 */
805	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
806
807	cad_pid = task_pid(current);
808
809	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
810
811	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
812	lockup_detector_init();
813
814	smp_init();
815	sched_init_smp();
816
817	do_basic_setup();
818
819	/* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
820	if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
821		printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
822
823	(void) sys_dup(0);
824	(void) sys_dup(0);
825	/*
826	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
827	 * the work
828	 */
829
830	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
831		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
832
833	if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
834		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
835		prepare_namespace();
836	}
837
838	/*
839	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
840	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
841	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
842	 */
843
844	init_post();
845	return 0;
846}
v3.5.6
  1/*
  2 *  linux/init/main.c
  3 *
  4 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  5 *
  6 *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
  7 *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
  8 *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
  9 *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org> 
 10 */
 11
 12#include <linux/types.h>
 13#include <linux/module.h>
 14#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 15#include <linux/kernel.h>
 16#include <linux/syscalls.h>
 17#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
 18#include <linux/string.h>
 19#include <linux/ctype.h>
 20#include <linux/delay.h>
 21#include <linux/ioport.h>
 22#include <linux/init.h>
 23#include <linux/initrd.h>
 24#include <linux/bootmem.h>
 25#include <linux/acpi.h>
 26#include <linux/tty.h>
 27#include <linux/percpu.h>
 28#include <linux/kmod.h>
 29#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 30#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
 31#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
 32#include <linux/security.h>
 33#include <linux/smp.h>
 34#include <linux/profile.h>
 35#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 36#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 37#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
 38#include <linux/writeback.h>
 39#include <linux/cpu.h>
 40#include <linux/cpuset.h>
 41#include <linux/cgroup.h>
 42#include <linux/efi.h>
 43#include <linux/tick.h>
 44#include <linux/interrupt.h>
 45#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
 46#include <linux/delayacct.h>
 47#include <linux/unistd.h>
 48#include <linux/rmap.h>
 49#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
 50#include <linux/key.h>
 51#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
 52#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
 53#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
 54#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
 55#include <linux/lockdep.h>
 56#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
 57#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
 58#include <linux/device.h>
 59#include <linux/kthread.h>
 60#include <linux/sched.h>
 61#include <linux/signal.h>
 62#include <linux/idr.h>
 63#include <linux/kgdb.h>
 64#include <linux/ftrace.h>
 65#include <linux/async.h>
 66#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
 67#include <linux/sfi.h>
 68#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
 69#include <linux/slab.h>
 70#include <linux/perf_event.h>
 71
 72#include <asm/io.h>
 73#include <asm/bugs.h>
 74#include <asm/setup.h>
 75#include <asm/sections.h>
 76#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
 77
 78#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
 79#include <asm/smp.h>
 80#endif
 81
 82static int kernel_init(void *);
 83
 84extern void init_IRQ(void);
 85extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
 86extern void mca_init(void);
 87extern void sbus_init(void);
 88extern void prio_tree_init(void);
 89extern void radix_tree_init(void);
 
 90#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
 91static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
 92#endif
 93
 94#ifdef CONFIG_TC
 95extern void tc_init(void);
 96#endif
 97
 98/*
 99 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
100 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
101 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
102 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
103 * flag is set.
104 */
105bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
106
107enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
108EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
109
110/*
111 * Boot command-line arguments
112 */
113#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
114#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
115
116extern void time_init(void);
117/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
118void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
119extern void softirq_init(void);
120
121/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
122char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
123/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
124char *saved_command_line;
125/* Command line for parameter parsing */
126static char *static_command_line;
127
128static char *execute_command;
129static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
130
131/*
132 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
133 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
134 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
135 *
136 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
137 * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
138 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
139 */
140unsigned int reset_devices;
141EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
142
143static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
144{
145	reset_devices = 1;
146	return 1;
147}
148
149__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
150
151static const char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
152const char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
153static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
154
155extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
156
157static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
158{
159	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
160	int had_early_param = 0;
161
162	p = __setup_start;
163	do {
164		int n = strlen(p->str);
165		if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
166			if (p->early) {
167				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
168				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
169				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
170				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
171				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
172					had_early_param = 1;
173			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
174				printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
175				       " ignored\n", p->str);
176				return 1;
177			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
178				return 1;
179		}
180		p++;
181	} while (p < __setup_end);
182
183	return had_early_param;
184}
185
186/*
187 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
188 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
189 */
190unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
191
192EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
193
194static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
195{
196	console_loglevel = 10;
197	return 0;
198}
199
200static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
201{
202	console_loglevel = 4;
203	return 0;
204}
205
206early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
207early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
208
209static int __init loglevel(char *str)
210{
211	int newlevel;
212
213	/*
214	 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
215	 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
216	 * are quite hard to debug
217	 */
218	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
219		console_loglevel = newlevel;
220		return 0;
221	}
222
223	return -EINVAL;
224}
225
226early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
227
228/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
229static int __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
 
 
 
230{
 
231	if (val) {
232		/* param=val or param="val"? */
233		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
234			val[-1] = '=';
235		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
236			val[-2] = '=';
237			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
238			val--;
239		} else
240			BUG();
241	}
242	return 0;
243}
244
245/*
246 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
247 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
248 */
249static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
250{
251	repair_env_string(param, val, unused);
252
253	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
254	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
255		return 0;
256
257	/* Unused module parameter. */
258	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
259		return 0;
260
261	if (panic_later)
262		return 0;
263
264	if (val) {
265		/* Environment option */
266		unsigned int i;
267		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
268			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
269				panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
270				panic_param = param;
271			}
272			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
273				break;
274		}
275		envp_init[i] = param;
276	} else {
277		/* Command line option */
278		unsigned int i;
279		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
280			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
281				panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
282				panic_param = param;
283			}
284		}
285		argv_init[i] = param;
286	}
287	return 0;
288}
289
 
 
 
 
290static int __init init_setup(char *str)
291{
292	unsigned int i;
293
294	execute_command = str;
295	/*
296	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
297	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
298	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
299	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
300	 */
301	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
302		argv_init[i] = NULL;
303	return 1;
304}
305__setup("init=", init_setup);
306
307static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
308{
309	unsigned int i;
310
311	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
312	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
313	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
314		argv_init[i] = NULL;
315	return 1;
316}
317__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
318
319#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
320static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
321#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
322static void __init smp_init(void)
323{
324	APIC_init_uniprocessor();
325}
326#else
327#define smp_init()	do { } while (0)
328#endif
329
330static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
331static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
332#endif
333
334/*
335 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
336 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
337 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
338 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
339 */
340static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
341{
342	saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
343	static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
344	strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
345	strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
346}
347
348/*
349 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
350 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
351 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
352 * cpu_idle.
353 *
354 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
355 */
356
357static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
358
359static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
360{
361	int pid;
362
363	rcu_scheduler_starting();
364	/*
365	 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
366	 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
367	 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
368	 */
369	kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
370	numa_default_policy();
371	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
372	rcu_read_lock();
373	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
374	rcu_read_unlock();
375	complete(&kthreadd_done);
376
377	/*
378	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
379	 * at least once to get things moving:
380	 */
381	init_idle_bootup_task(current);
382	schedule_preempt_disabled();
 
 
383	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
 
384	cpu_idle();
385}
386
387/* Check for early params. */
388static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val, const char *unused)
389{
390	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
391
392	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
393		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
394		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
395		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
396		) {
397			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
398				printk(KERN_WARNING
399				       "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
400		}
401	}
402	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
403	return 0;
404}
405
406void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
407{
408	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, do_early_param);
409}
410
411/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
412void __init parse_early_param(void)
413{
414	static __initdata int done = 0;
415	static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
416
417	if (done)
418		return;
419
420	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
421	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
422	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
423	done = 1;
424}
425
426/*
427 *	Activate the first processor.
428 */
429
430static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
431{
432	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
433	/* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
434	set_cpu_online(cpu, true);
435	set_cpu_active(cpu, true);
436	set_cpu_present(cpu, true);
437	set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);
438}
439
440void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
441{
442}
443
444void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
445{
446}
447
448/*
449 * Set up kernel memory allocators
450 */
451static void __init mm_init(void)
452{
453	/*
454	 * page_cgroup requires contiguous pages,
455	 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
456	 */
457	page_cgroup_init_flatmem();
458	mem_init();
459	kmem_cache_init();
460	percpu_init_late();
461	pgtable_cache_init();
462	vmalloc_init();
463}
464
465asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
466{
467	char * command_line;
468	extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
469
 
 
470	/*
471	 * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
472	 * lockdep hash:
473	 */
474	lockdep_init();
475	smp_setup_processor_id();
476	debug_objects_early_init();
477
478	/*
479	 * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
480	 */
481	boot_init_stack_canary();
482
483	cgroup_init_early();
484
485	local_irq_disable();
486	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
487
488/*
489 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
490 * enable them
491 */
492	tick_init();
493	boot_cpu_init();
494	page_address_init();
495	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
496	setup_arch(&command_line);
497	mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
498	mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
499	setup_command_line(command_line);
500	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
501	setup_per_cpu_areas();
502	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
503
504	build_all_zonelists(NULL);
505	page_alloc_init();
506
507	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
508	parse_early_param();
509	parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
510		   __stop___param - __start___param,
511		   -1, -1, &unknown_bootoption);
512
513	jump_label_init();
514
515	/*
516	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
517	 * kmem_cache_init()
518	 */
519	setup_log_buf(0);
520	pidhash_init();
521	vfs_caches_init_early();
522	sort_main_extable();
523	trap_init();
524	mm_init();
525
526	/*
527	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
528	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
529	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
530	 */
531	sched_init();
532	/*
533	 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
534	 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
535	 */
536	preempt_disable();
537	if (!irqs_disabled()) {
538		printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
539				"enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
540		local_irq_disable();
541	}
542	idr_init_cache();
543	perf_event_init();
544	rcu_init();
545	radix_tree_init();
546	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
547	early_irq_init();
548	init_IRQ();
549	prio_tree_init();
550	init_timers();
551	hrtimers_init();
552	softirq_init();
553	timekeeping_init();
554	time_init();
555	profile_init();
556	call_function_init();
557	if (!irqs_disabled())
558		printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
559				 "enabled early\n");
560	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
561	local_irq_enable();
562
 
 
 
563	kmem_cache_init_late();
564
565	/*
566	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
567	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
568	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
569	 */
570	console_init();
571	if (panic_later)
572		panic(panic_later, panic_param);
573
574	lockdep_info();
575
576	/*
577	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
578	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
579	 * too:
580	 */
581	locking_selftest();
582
583#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
584	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
585	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
586		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
587		    "disabling it.\n",
588		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
589		    min_low_pfn);
590		initrd_start = 0;
591	}
592#endif
593	page_cgroup_init();
 
594	debug_objects_mem_init();
595	kmemleak_init();
596	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
597	numa_policy_init();
598	if (late_time_init)
599		late_time_init();
600	sched_clock_init();
601	calibrate_delay();
602	pidmap_init();
603	anon_vma_init();
604#ifdef CONFIG_X86
605	if (efi_enabled)
606		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
607#endif
608	thread_info_cache_init();
609	cred_init();
610	fork_init(totalram_pages);
611	proc_caches_init();
612	buffer_init();
613	key_init();
614	security_init();
615	dbg_late_init();
616	vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
617	signals_init();
618	/* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
619	page_writeback_init();
620#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
621	proc_root_init();
622#endif
623	cgroup_init();
624	cpuset_init();
625	taskstats_init_early();
626	delayacct_init();
627
628	check_bugs();
629
630	acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
631	sfi_init_late();
632
633	ftrace_init();
634
635	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
636	rest_init();
637}
638
639/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
640static void __init do_ctors(void)
641{
642#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
643	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
644
645	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
646		(*fn)();
647#endif
648}
649
650bool initcall_debug;
651core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
652
653static char msgbuf[64];
654
655static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
656{
657	ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
658	unsigned long long duration;
659	int ret;
660
661	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
662	calltime = ktime_get();
663	ret = fn();
664	rettime = ktime_get();
665	delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
666	duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
667	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n", fn,
668		ret, duration);
669
670	return ret;
671}
672
673int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
674{
675	int count = preempt_count();
676	int ret;
677
678	if (initcall_debug)
679		ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
680	else
681		ret = fn();
682
683	msgbuf[0] = 0;
684
685	if (ret && ret != -ENODEV && initcall_debug)
686		sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d ", ret);
687
688	if (preempt_count() != count) {
689		strlcat(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ", sizeof(msgbuf));
690		preempt_count() = count;
691	}
692	if (irqs_disabled()) {
693		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
694		local_irq_enable();
695	}
696	if (msgbuf[0]) {
697		printk("initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
698	}
699
700	return ret;
701}
702
703
704extern initcall_t __initcall_start[];
705extern initcall_t __initcall0_start[];
706extern initcall_t __initcall1_start[];
707extern initcall_t __initcall2_start[];
708extern initcall_t __initcall3_start[];
709extern initcall_t __initcall4_start[];
710extern initcall_t __initcall5_start[];
711extern initcall_t __initcall6_start[];
712extern initcall_t __initcall7_start[];
713extern initcall_t __initcall_end[];
714
715static initcall_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
716	__initcall0_start,
717	__initcall1_start,
718	__initcall2_start,
719	__initcall3_start,
720	__initcall4_start,
721	__initcall5_start,
722	__initcall6_start,
723	__initcall7_start,
724	__initcall_end,
725};
726
727static char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
728	"early",
729	"core",
730	"postcore",
731	"arch",
732	"subsys",
733	"fs",
734	"device",
735	"late",
736};
737
738static void __init do_initcall_level(int level)
739{
740	extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
741	initcall_t *fn;
742
743	strcpy(static_command_line, saved_command_line);
744	parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
745		   static_command_line, __start___param,
746		   __stop___param - __start___param,
747		   level, level,
748		   &repair_env_string);
749
750	for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
751		do_one_initcall(*fn);
752}
753
754static void __init do_initcalls(void)
755{
756	int level;
757
758	for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++)
759		do_initcall_level(level);
760}
761
762/*
763 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
764 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
765 * running, and memory and process management works.
766 *
767 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
768 */
769static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
770{
771	cpuset_init_smp();
772	usermodehelper_init();
773	shmem_init();
774	driver_init();
775	init_irq_proc();
776	do_ctors();
777	usermodehelper_enable();
778	do_initcalls();
779}
780
781static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
782{
783	initcall_t *fn;
784
785	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
786		do_one_initcall(*fn);
787}
788
789static void run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
790{
791	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
792	kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
793}
794
795/* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
796 * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
797 */
798static noinline int init_post(void)
799{
800	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
801	async_synchronize_full();
802	free_initmem();
803	mark_rodata_ro();
804	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
805	numa_default_policy();
806
807
808	current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
809
810	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
811		run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
812		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
813				ramdisk_execute_command);
814	}
815
816	/*
817	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
818	 *
819	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
820	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
821	 */
822	if (execute_command) {
823		run_init_process(execute_command);
824		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
825					"defaults...\n", execute_command);
826	}
827	run_init_process("/sbin/init");
828	run_init_process("/etc/init");
829	run_init_process("/bin/init");
830	run_init_process("/bin/sh");
831
832	panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
833	      "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
834}
835
836static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
837{
838	/*
839	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
840	 */
841	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
842
843	/* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
844	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
845
846	/*
847	 * init can allocate pages on any node
848	 */
849	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
850	/*
851	 * init can run on any cpu.
852	 */
853	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
854
855	cad_pid = task_pid(current);
856
857	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
858
859	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
860	lockup_detector_init();
861
862	smp_init();
863	sched_init_smp();
864
865	do_basic_setup();
866
867	/* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
868	if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
869		printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
870
871	(void) sys_dup(0);
872	(void) sys_dup(0);
873	/*
874	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
875	 * the work
876	 */
877
878	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
879		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
880
881	if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
882		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
883		prepare_namespace();
884	}
885
886	/*
887	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
888	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
889	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
890	 */
891
892	init_post();
893	return 0;
894}