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v6.8
   1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   2/*
   3 *  Initialization routines
   4 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
   5 */
   6
   7#include <linux/init.h>
   8#include <linux/sched.h>
   9#include <linux/module.h>
  10#include <linux/device.h>
  11#include <linux/file.h>
  12#include <linux/slab.h>
  13#include <linux/time.h>
  14#include <linux/ctype.h>
  15#include <linux/pm.h>
  16#include <linux/debugfs.h>
  17#include <linux/completion.h>
  18#include <linux/interrupt.h>
  19
  20#include <sound/core.h>
  21#include <sound/control.h>
  22#include <sound/info.h>
  23
  24/* monitor files for graceful shutdown (hotplug) */
  25struct snd_monitor_file {
  26	struct file *file;
  27	const struct file_operations *disconnected_f_op;
  28	struct list_head shutdown_list;	/* still need to shutdown */
  29	struct list_head list;	/* link of monitor files */
  30};
  31
  32static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(shutdown_lock);
  33static LIST_HEAD(shutdown_files);
  34
  35static const struct file_operations snd_shutdown_f_ops;
  36
  37/* locked for registering/using */
  38static DECLARE_BITMAP(snd_cards_lock, SNDRV_CARDS);
  39static struct snd_card *snd_cards[SNDRV_CARDS];
  40
  41static DEFINE_MUTEX(snd_card_mutex);
  42
  43static char *slots[SNDRV_CARDS];
  44module_param_array(slots, charp, NULL, 0444);
  45MODULE_PARM_DESC(slots, "Module names assigned to the slots.");
  46
  47/* return non-zero if the given index is reserved for the given
  48 * module via slots option
  49 */
  50static int module_slot_match(struct module *module, int idx)
  51{
  52	int match = 1;
  53#ifdef MODULE
  54	const char *s1, *s2;
  55
  56	if (!module || !*module->name || !slots[idx])
  57		return 0;
  58
  59	s1 = module->name;
  60	s2 = slots[idx];
  61	if (*s2 == '!') {
  62		match = 0; /* negative match */
  63		s2++;
  64	}
  65	/* compare module name strings
  66	 * hyphens are handled as equivalent with underscore
  67	 */
  68	for (;;) {
  69		char c1 = *s1++;
  70		char c2 = *s2++;
  71		if (c1 == '-')
  72			c1 = '_';
  73		if (c2 == '-')
  74			c2 = '_';
  75		if (c1 != c2)
  76			return !match;
  77		if (!c1)
  78			break;
  79	}
  80#endif /* MODULE */
  81	return match;
  82}
  83
  84#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
  85int (*snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)(struct snd_card *card, int free_flag);
  86EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback);
  87#endif
  88
  89static int check_empty_slot(struct module *module, int slot)
  90{
  91	return !slots[slot] || !*slots[slot];
  92}
  93
  94/* return an empty slot number (>= 0) found in the given bitmask @mask.
  95 * @mask == -1 == 0xffffffff means: take any free slot up to 32
  96 * when no slot is available, return the original @mask as is.
  97 */
  98static int get_slot_from_bitmask(int mask, int (*check)(struct module *, int),
  99				 struct module *module)
 100{
 101	int slot;
 102
 103	for (slot = 0; slot < SNDRV_CARDS; slot++) {
 104		if (slot < 32 && !(mask & (1U << slot)))
 105			continue;
 106		if (!test_bit(slot, snd_cards_lock)) {
 107			if (check(module, slot))
 108				return slot; /* found */
 109		}
 110	}
 111	return mask; /* unchanged */
 112}
 113
 114/* the default release callback set in snd_device_alloc() */
 115static void default_release_alloc(struct device *dev)
 
 
 
 116{
 117	kfree(dev);
 118}
 119
 120/**
 121 * snd_device_alloc - Allocate and initialize struct device for sound devices
 122 * @dev_p: pointer to store the allocated device
 123 * @card: card to assign, optional
 124 *
 125 * For releasing the allocated device, call put_device().
 126 */
 127int snd_device_alloc(struct device **dev_p, struct snd_card *card)
 128{
 129	struct device *dev;
 130
 131	*dev_p = NULL;
 132	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
 133	if (!dev)
 134		return -ENOMEM;
 135	device_initialize(dev);
 136	if (card)
 137		dev->parent = &card->card_dev;
 138	dev->class = &sound_class;
 139	dev->release = default_release_alloc;
 140	*dev_p = dev;
 141	return 0;
 142}
 143EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_device_alloc);
 144
 145static int snd_card_init(struct snd_card *card, struct device *parent,
 146			 int idx, const char *xid, struct module *module,
 147			 size_t extra_size);
 148static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card);
 149static const struct attribute_group card_dev_attr_group;
 150
 151static void release_card_device(struct device *dev)
 152{
 153	snd_card_do_free(dev_to_snd_card(dev));
 154}
 155
 156/**
 157 *  snd_card_new - create and initialize a soundcard structure
 158 *  @parent: the parent device object
 159 *  @idx: card index (address) [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)]
 160 *  @xid: card identification (ASCII string)
 161 *  @module: top level module for locking
 162 *  @extra_size: allocate this extra size after the main soundcard structure
 163 *  @card_ret: the pointer to store the created card instance
 164 *
 165 *  The function allocates snd_card instance via kzalloc with the given
 166 *  space for the driver to use freely.  The allocated struct is stored
 167 *  in the given card_ret pointer.
 168 *
 169 *  Return: Zero if successful or a negative error code.
 170 */
 171int snd_card_new(struct device *parent, int idx, const char *xid,
 172		    struct module *module, int extra_size,
 173		    struct snd_card **card_ret)
 174{
 175	struct snd_card *card;
 176	int err;
 177
 178	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card_ret))
 179		return -EINVAL;
 180	*card_ret = NULL;
 181
 182	if (extra_size < 0)
 183		extra_size = 0;
 184	card = kzalloc(sizeof(*card) + extra_size, GFP_KERNEL);
 185	if (!card)
 186		return -ENOMEM;
 187
 188	err = snd_card_init(card, parent, idx, xid, module, extra_size);
 189	if (err < 0)
 190		return err; /* card is freed by error handler */
 191
 192	*card_ret = card;
 193	return 0;
 194}
 195EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_new);
 196
 197static void __snd_card_release(struct device *dev, void *data)
 198{
 199	snd_card_free(data);
 200}
 201
 202/**
 203 * snd_devm_card_new - managed snd_card object creation
 204 * @parent: the parent device object
 205 * @idx: card index (address) [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)]
 206 * @xid: card identification (ASCII string)
 207 * @module: top level module for locking
 208 * @extra_size: allocate this extra size after the main soundcard structure
 209 * @card_ret: the pointer to store the created card instance
 210 *
 211 * This function works like snd_card_new() but manages the allocated resource
 212 * via devres, i.e. you don't need to free explicitly.
 213 *
 214 * When a snd_card object is created with this function and registered via
 215 * snd_card_register(), the very first devres action to call snd_card_free()
 216 * is added automatically.  In that way, the resource disconnection is assured
 217 * at first, then released in the expected order.
 218 *
 219 * If an error happens at the probe before snd_card_register() is called and
 220 * there have been other devres resources, you'd need to free the card manually
 221 * via snd_card_free() call in the error; otherwise it may lead to UAF due to
 222 * devres call orders.  You can use snd_card_free_on_error() helper for
 223 * handling it more easily.
 224 *
 225 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 226 */
 227int snd_devm_card_new(struct device *parent, int idx, const char *xid,
 228		      struct module *module, size_t extra_size,
 229		      struct snd_card **card_ret)
 230{
 231	struct snd_card *card;
 232	int err;
 233
 234	*card_ret = NULL;
 235	card = devres_alloc(__snd_card_release, sizeof(*card) + extra_size,
 236			    GFP_KERNEL);
 237	if (!card)
 238		return -ENOMEM;
 239	card->managed = true;
 240	err = snd_card_init(card, parent, idx, xid, module, extra_size);
 241	if (err < 0) {
 242		devres_free(card); /* in managed mode, we need to free manually */
 243		return err;
 244	}
 245
 246	devres_add(parent, card);
 247	*card_ret = card;
 248	return 0;
 249}
 250EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_devm_card_new);
 251
 252/**
 253 * snd_card_free_on_error - a small helper for handling devm probe errors
 254 * @dev: the managed device object
 255 * @ret: the return code from the probe callback
 256 *
 257 * This function handles the explicit snd_card_free() call at the error from
 258 * the probe callback.  It's just a small helper for simplifying the error
 259 * handling with the managed devices.
 260 *
 261 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 262 */
 263int snd_card_free_on_error(struct device *dev, int ret)
 264{
 265	struct snd_card *card;
 266
 267	if (!ret)
 268		return 0;
 269	card = devres_find(dev, __snd_card_release, NULL, NULL);
 270	if (card)
 271		snd_card_free(card);
 272	return ret;
 273}
 274EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_free_on_error);
 275
 276static int snd_card_init(struct snd_card *card, struct device *parent,
 277			 int idx, const char *xid, struct module *module,
 278			 size_t extra_size)
 279{
 280	int err;
 
 
 
 281
 282	if (extra_size > 0)
 283		card->private_data = (char *)card + sizeof(struct snd_card);
 284	if (xid)
 285		strscpy(card->id, xid, sizeof(card->id));
 286	err = 0;
 287	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 288	if (idx < 0) /* first check the matching module-name slot */
 289		idx = get_slot_from_bitmask(idx, module_slot_match, module);
 290	if (idx < 0) /* if not matched, assign an empty slot */
 291		idx = get_slot_from_bitmask(idx, check_empty_slot, module);
 292	if (idx < 0)
 293		err = -ENODEV;
 294	else if (idx < snd_ecards_limit) {
 295		if (test_bit(idx, snd_cards_lock))
 296			err = -EBUSY;	/* invalid */
 297	} else if (idx >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 298		err = -ENODEV;
 299	if (err < 0) {
 300		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 301		dev_err(parent, "cannot find the slot for index %d (range 0-%i), error: %d\n",
 302			 idx, snd_ecards_limit - 1, err);
 303		if (!card->managed)
 304			kfree(card); /* manually free here, as no destructor called */
 305		return err;
 306	}
 307	set_bit(idx, snd_cards_lock);		/* lock it */
 308	if (idx >= snd_ecards_limit)
 309		snd_ecards_limit = idx + 1; /* increase the limit */
 310	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 311	card->dev = parent;
 312	card->number = idx;
 313#ifdef MODULE
 314	WARN_ON(!module);
 315	card->module = module;
 316#endif
 317	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->devices);
 318	init_rwsem(&card->controls_rwsem);
 319	rwlock_init(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
 320	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->controls);
 321	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->ctl_files);
 322#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
 323	xa_init(&card->ctl_numids);
 324	xa_init(&card->ctl_hash);
 325#endif
 326	spin_lock_init(&card->files_lock);
 327	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->files_list);
 328	mutex_init(&card->memory_mutex);
 329#ifdef CONFIG_PM
 330	init_waitqueue_head(&card->power_sleep);
 331	init_waitqueue_head(&card->power_ref_sleep);
 332	atomic_set(&card->power_ref, 0);
 333#endif
 334	init_waitqueue_head(&card->remove_sleep);
 335	card->sync_irq = -1;
 336
 337	device_initialize(&card->card_dev);
 338	card->card_dev.parent = parent;
 339	card->card_dev.class = &sound_class;
 340	card->card_dev.release = release_card_device;
 341	card->card_dev.groups = card->dev_groups;
 342	card->dev_groups[0] = &card_dev_attr_group;
 343	err = kobject_set_name(&card->card_dev.kobj, "card%d", idx);
 344	if (err < 0)
 345		goto __error;
 346
 347	snprintf(card->irq_descr, sizeof(card->irq_descr), "%s:%s",
 348		 dev_driver_string(card->dev), dev_name(&card->card_dev));
 349
 350	/* the control interface cannot be accessed from the user space until */
 351	/* snd_cards_bitmask and snd_cards are set with snd_card_register */
 352	err = snd_ctl_create(card);
 353	if (err < 0) {
 354		dev_err(parent, "unable to register control minors\n");
 355		goto __error;
 356	}
 357	err = snd_info_card_create(card);
 358	if (err < 0) {
 359		dev_err(parent, "unable to create card info\n");
 360		goto __error_ctl;
 361	}
 362
 363#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
 364	card->debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir(dev_name(&card->card_dev),
 365						sound_debugfs_root);
 366#endif
 367	return 0;
 368
 369      __error_ctl:
 370	snd_device_free_all(card);
 371      __error:
 372	put_device(&card->card_dev);
 373  	return err;
 374}
 375
 376/**
 377 * snd_card_ref - Get the card object from the index
 378 * @idx: the card index
 379 *
 380 * Returns a card object corresponding to the given index or NULL if not found.
 381 * Release the object via snd_card_unref().
 382 *
 383 * Return: a card object or NULL
 384 */
 385struct snd_card *snd_card_ref(int idx)
 386{
 387	struct snd_card *card;
 388
 389	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 390	card = snd_cards[idx];
 391	if (card)
 392		get_device(&card->card_dev);
 393	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 394	return card;
 395}
 396EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_ref);
 397
 398/* return non-zero if a card is already locked */
 399int snd_card_locked(int card)
 400{
 401	int locked;
 402
 403	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 404	locked = test_bit(card, snd_cards_lock);
 405	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 406	return locked;
 407}
 408
 409static loff_t snd_disconnect_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int orig)
 410{
 411	return -ENODEV;
 412}
 413
 414static ssize_t snd_disconnect_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 415				   size_t count, loff_t *offset)
 416{
 417	return -ENODEV;
 418}
 419
 420static ssize_t snd_disconnect_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 421				    size_t count, loff_t *offset)
 422{
 423	return -ENODEV;
 424}
 425
 426static int snd_disconnect_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 427{
 428	struct snd_monitor_file *df = NULL, *_df;
 429
 430	spin_lock(&shutdown_lock);
 431	list_for_each_entry(_df, &shutdown_files, shutdown_list) {
 432		if (_df->file == file) {
 433			df = _df;
 434			list_del_init(&df->shutdown_list);
 435			break;
 436		}
 437	}
 438	spin_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
 439
 440	if (likely(df)) {
 441		if ((file->f_flags & FASYNC) && df->disconnected_f_op->fasync)
 442			df->disconnected_f_op->fasync(-1, file, 0);
 443		return df->disconnected_f_op->release(inode, file);
 444	}
 445
 446	panic("%s(%p, %p) failed!", __func__, inode, file);
 447}
 448
 449static __poll_t snd_disconnect_poll(struct file * file, poll_table * wait)
 450{
 451	return EPOLLERR | EPOLLNVAL;
 452}
 453
 454static long snd_disconnect_ioctl(struct file *file,
 455				 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 456{
 457	return -ENODEV;
 458}
 459
 460static int snd_disconnect_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 461{
 462	return -ENODEV;
 463}
 464
 465static int snd_disconnect_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
 466{
 467	return -ENODEV;
 468}
 469
 470static const struct file_operations snd_shutdown_f_ops =
 471{
 472	.owner = 	THIS_MODULE,
 473	.llseek =	snd_disconnect_llseek,
 474	.read = 	snd_disconnect_read,
 475	.write =	snd_disconnect_write,
 476	.release =	snd_disconnect_release,
 477	.poll =		snd_disconnect_poll,
 478	.unlocked_ioctl = snd_disconnect_ioctl,
 479#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 480	.compat_ioctl = snd_disconnect_ioctl,
 481#endif
 482	.mmap =		snd_disconnect_mmap,
 483	.fasync =	snd_disconnect_fasync
 484};
 485
 486/**
 487 *  snd_card_disconnect - disconnect all APIs from the file-operations (user space)
 488 *  @card: soundcard structure
 489 *
 490 *  Disconnects all APIs from the file-operations (user space).
 491 *
 492 *  Return: Zero, otherwise a negative error code.
 493 *
 494 *  Note: The current implementation replaces all active file->f_op with special
 495 *        dummy file operations (they do nothing except release).
 496 */
 497void snd_card_disconnect(struct snd_card *card)
 498{
 499	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile;
 500
 501	if (!card)
 502		return;
 503
 504	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
 505	if (card->shutdown) {
 506		spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
 507		return;
 508	}
 509	card->shutdown = 1;
 510
 511	/* replace file->f_op with special dummy operations */
 512	list_for_each_entry(mfile, &card->files_list, list) {
 513		/* it's critical part, use endless loop */
 514		/* we have no room to fail */
 515		mfile->disconnected_f_op = mfile->file->f_op;
 516
 517		spin_lock(&shutdown_lock);
 518		list_add(&mfile->shutdown_list, &shutdown_files);
 519		spin_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
 520
 521		mfile->file->f_op = &snd_shutdown_f_ops;
 522		fops_get(mfile->file->f_op);
 523	}
 524	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);	
 525
 526	/* notify all connected devices about disconnection */
 527	/* at this point, they cannot respond to any calls except release() */
 528
 529#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
 530	if (snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)
 531		snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback(card, SND_MIXER_OSS_NOTIFY_DISCONNECT);
 532#endif
 533
 534	/* notify all devices that we are disconnected */
 535	snd_device_disconnect_all(card);
 536
 537	if (card->sync_irq > 0)
 538		synchronize_irq(card->sync_irq);
 539
 540	snd_info_card_disconnect(card);
 541	if (card->registered) {
 542		device_del(&card->card_dev);
 543		card->registered = false;
 544	}
 545
 546	/* disable fops (user space) operations for ALSA API */
 547	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 548	snd_cards[card->number] = NULL;
 549	clear_bit(card->number, snd_cards_lock);
 550	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 551
 552#ifdef CONFIG_PM
 553	wake_up(&card->power_sleep);
 554	snd_power_sync_ref(card);
 555#endif
 
 556}
 557EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_disconnect);
 558
 559/**
 560 * snd_card_disconnect_sync - disconnect card and wait until files get closed
 561 * @card: card object to disconnect
 562 *
 563 * This calls snd_card_disconnect() for disconnecting all belonging components
 564 * and waits until all pending files get closed.
 565 * It assures that all accesses from user-space finished so that the driver
 566 * can release its resources gracefully.
 567 */
 568void snd_card_disconnect_sync(struct snd_card *card)
 569{
 570	snd_card_disconnect(card);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 571
 572	spin_lock_irq(&card->files_lock);
 573	wait_event_lock_irq(card->remove_sleep,
 574			    list_empty(&card->files_list),
 575			    card->files_lock);
 576	spin_unlock_irq(&card->files_lock);
 577}
 578EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_disconnect_sync);
 579
 580static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card)
 581{
 582	card->releasing = true;
 583#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
 584	if (snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)
 585		snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback(card, SND_MIXER_OSS_NOTIFY_FREE);
 586#endif
 587	snd_device_free_all(card);
 588	if (card->private_free)
 589		card->private_free(card);
 590	if (snd_info_card_free(card) < 0) {
 591		dev_warn(card->dev, "unable to free card info\n");
 592		/* Not fatal error */
 593	}
 594#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
 595	debugfs_remove(card->debugfs_root);
 596	card->debugfs_root = NULL;
 597#endif
 598	if (card->release_completion)
 599		complete(card->release_completion);
 600	if (!card->managed)
 601		kfree(card);
 602	return 0;
 603}
 604
 605/**
 606 * snd_card_free_when_closed - Disconnect the card, free it later eventually
 607 * @card: soundcard structure
 608 *
 609 * Unlike snd_card_free(), this function doesn't try to release the card
 610 * resource immediately, but tries to disconnect at first.  When the card
 611 * is still in use, the function returns before freeing the resources.
 612 * The card resources will be freed when the refcount gets to zero.
 613 *
 614 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 615 */
 616void snd_card_free_when_closed(struct snd_card *card)
 617{
 618	if (!card)
 619		return;
 620
 621	snd_card_disconnect(card);
 622	put_device(&card->card_dev);
 623	return;
 624}
 625EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_free_when_closed);
 626
 627/**
 628 * snd_card_free - frees given soundcard structure
 629 * @card: soundcard structure
 630 *
 631 * This function releases the soundcard structure and the all assigned
 632 * devices automatically.  That is, you don't have to release the devices
 633 * by yourself.
 634 *
 635 * This function waits until the all resources are properly released.
 636 *
 637 * Return: Zero. Frees all associated devices and frees the control
 638 * interface associated to given soundcard.
 639 */
 640void snd_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 641{
 642	DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(released);
 
 643
 644	/* The call of snd_card_free() is allowed from various code paths;
 645	 * a manual call from the driver and the call via devres_free, and
 646	 * we need to avoid double-free. Moreover, the release via devres
 647	 * may call snd_card_free() twice due to its nature, we need to have
 648	 * the check here at the beginning.
 649	 */
 650	if (card->releasing)
 651		return;
 652
 653	card->release_completion = &released;
 654	snd_card_free_when_closed(card);
 655
 
 656	/* wait, until all devices are ready for the free operation */
 657	wait_for_completion(&released);
 
 
 658}
 659EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_free);
 660
 661/* retrieve the last word of shortname or longname */
 662static const char *retrieve_id_from_card_name(const char *name)
 663{
 664	const char *spos = name;
 665
 666	while (*name) {
 667		if (isspace(*name) && isalnum(name[1]))
 668			spos = name + 1;
 669		name++;
 670	}
 671	return spos;
 672}
 673
 674/* return true if the given id string doesn't conflict any other card ids */
 675static bool card_id_ok(struct snd_card *card, const char *id)
 676{
 677	int i;
 678	if (!snd_info_check_reserved_words(id))
 679		return false;
 680	for (i = 0; i < snd_ecards_limit; i++) {
 681		if (snd_cards[i] && snd_cards[i] != card &&
 682		    !strcmp(snd_cards[i]->id, id))
 683			return false;
 684	}
 685	return true;
 686}
 687
 688/* copy to card->id only with valid letters from nid */
 689static void copy_valid_id_string(struct snd_card *card, const char *src,
 690				 const char *nid)
 691{
 692	char *id = card->id;
 693
 694	while (*nid && !isalnum(*nid))
 695		nid++;
 696	if (isdigit(*nid))
 697		*id++ = isalpha(*src) ? *src : 'D';
 698	while (*nid && (size_t)(id - card->id) < sizeof(card->id) - 1) {
 699		if (isalnum(*nid))
 700			*id++ = *nid;
 701		nid++;
 702	}
 703	*id = 0;
 704}
 705
 706/* Set card->id from the given string
 707 * If the string conflicts with other ids, add a suffix to make it unique.
 708 */
 709static void snd_card_set_id_no_lock(struct snd_card *card, const char *src,
 710				    const char *nid)
 711{
 712	int len, loops;
 713	bool is_default = false;
 714	char *id;
 715	
 716	copy_valid_id_string(card, src, nid);
 717	id = card->id;
 718
 719 again:
 720	/* use "Default" for obviously invalid strings
 721	 * ("card" conflicts with proc directories)
 722	 */
 723	if (!*id || !strncmp(id, "card", 4)) {
 724		strcpy(id, "Default");
 725		is_default = true;
 726	}
 727
 728	len = strlen(id);
 729	for (loops = 0; loops < SNDRV_CARDS; loops++) {
 730		char *spos;
 731		char sfxstr[5]; /* "_012" */
 732		int sfxlen;
 733
 734		if (card_id_ok(card, id))
 735			return; /* OK */
 736
 737		/* Add _XYZ suffix */
 738		sprintf(sfxstr, "_%X", loops + 1);
 739		sfxlen = strlen(sfxstr);
 740		if (len + sfxlen >= sizeof(card->id))
 741			spos = id + sizeof(card->id) - sfxlen - 1;
 742		else
 743			spos = id + len;
 744		strcpy(spos, sfxstr);
 745	}
 746	/* fallback to the default id */
 747	if (!is_default) {
 748		*id = 0;
 749		goto again;
 750	}
 751	/* last resort... */
 752	dev_err(card->dev, "unable to set card id (%s)\n", id);
 753	if (card->proc_root->name)
 754		strscpy(card->id, card->proc_root->name, sizeof(card->id));
 755}
 756
 757/**
 758 *  snd_card_set_id - set card identification name
 759 *  @card: soundcard structure
 760 *  @nid: new identification string
 761 *
 762 *  This function sets the card identification and checks for name
 763 *  collisions.
 764 */
 765void snd_card_set_id(struct snd_card *card, const char *nid)
 766{
 767	/* check if user specified own card->id */
 768	if (card->id[0] != '\0')
 769		return;
 770	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 771	snd_card_set_id_no_lock(card, nid, nid);
 772	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 773}
 774EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_set_id);
 775
 776static ssize_t id_show(struct device *dev,
 777		       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 778{
 779	struct snd_card *card = container_of(dev, struct snd_card, card_dev);
 780	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", card->id);
 781}
 782
 783static ssize_t id_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 784			const char *buf, size_t count)
 785{
 786	struct snd_card *card = container_of(dev, struct snd_card, card_dev);
 787	char buf1[sizeof(card->id)];
 788	size_t copy = count > sizeof(card->id) - 1 ?
 789					sizeof(card->id) - 1 : count;
 790	size_t idx;
 791	int c;
 792
 793	for (idx = 0; idx < copy; idx++) {
 794		c = buf[idx];
 795		if (!isalnum(c) && c != '_' && c != '-')
 796			return -EINVAL;
 797	}
 798	memcpy(buf1, buf, copy);
 799	buf1[copy] = '\0';
 800	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 801	if (!card_id_ok(NULL, buf1)) {
 802		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 803		return -EEXIST;
 804	}
 805	strcpy(card->id, buf1);
 806	snd_info_card_id_change(card);
 807	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 808
 809	return count;
 810}
 811
 812static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(id);
 813
 814static ssize_t number_show(struct device *dev,
 815			   struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 816{
 817	struct snd_card *card = container_of(dev, struct snd_card, card_dev);
 818	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%i\n", card->number);
 819}
 820
 821static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(number);
 822
 823static struct attribute *card_dev_attrs[] = {
 824	&dev_attr_id.attr,
 825	&dev_attr_number.attr,
 826	NULL
 827};
 828
 829static const struct attribute_group card_dev_attr_group = {
 830	.attrs	= card_dev_attrs,
 831};
 832
 833/**
 834 * snd_card_add_dev_attr - Append a new sysfs attribute group to card
 835 * @card: card instance
 836 * @group: attribute group to append
 837 *
 838 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 839 */
 840int snd_card_add_dev_attr(struct snd_card *card,
 841			  const struct attribute_group *group)
 842{
 843	int i;
 844
 845	/* loop for (arraysize-1) here to keep NULL at the last entry */
 846	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(card->dev_groups) - 1; i++) {
 847		if (!card->dev_groups[i]) {
 848			card->dev_groups[i] = group;
 849			return 0;
 850		}
 851	}
 852
 853	dev_err(card->dev, "Too many groups assigned\n");
 854	return -ENOSPC;
 855}
 856EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_add_dev_attr);
 857
 858static void trigger_card_free(void *data)
 859{
 860	snd_card_free(data);
 861}
 862
 863/**
 864 *  snd_card_register - register the soundcard
 865 *  @card: soundcard structure
 866 *
 867 *  This function registers all the devices assigned to the soundcard.
 868 *  Until calling this, the ALSA control interface is blocked from the
 869 *  external accesses.  Thus, you should call this function at the end
 870 *  of the initialization of the card.
 871 *
 872 *  Return: Zero otherwise a negative error code if the registration failed.
 873 */
 874int snd_card_register(struct snd_card *card)
 875{
 876	int err;
 877
 878	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card))
 879		return -EINVAL;
 880
 881	if (!card->registered) {
 882		err = device_add(&card->card_dev);
 883		if (err < 0)
 884			return err;
 885		card->registered = true;
 886	} else {
 887		if (card->managed)
 888			devm_remove_action(card->dev, trigger_card_free, card);
 889	}
 890
 891	if (card->managed) {
 892		err = devm_add_action(card->dev, trigger_card_free, card);
 893		if (err < 0)
 894			return err;
 895	}
 896
 897	err = snd_device_register_all(card);
 898	if (err < 0)
 899		return err;
 900	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 901	if (snd_cards[card->number]) {
 902		/* already registered */
 903		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 904		return snd_info_card_register(card); /* register pending info */
 905	}
 906	if (*card->id) {
 907		/* make a unique id name from the given string */
 908		char tmpid[sizeof(card->id)];
 909		memcpy(tmpid, card->id, sizeof(card->id));
 910		snd_card_set_id_no_lock(card, tmpid, tmpid);
 911	} else {
 912		/* create an id from either shortname or longname */
 913		const char *src;
 914		src = *card->shortname ? card->shortname : card->longname;
 915		snd_card_set_id_no_lock(card, src,
 916					retrieve_id_from_card_name(src));
 917	}
 918	snd_cards[card->number] = card;
 919	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 920	err = snd_info_card_register(card);
 921	if (err < 0)
 922		return err;
 923
 924#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
 925	if (snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)
 926		snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback(card, SND_MIXER_OSS_NOTIFY_REGISTER);
 927#endif
 928	return 0;
 929}
 930EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_register);
 931
 932#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PROC_FS
 933static void snd_card_info_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 934			       struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 935{
 936	int idx, count;
 937	struct snd_card *card;
 938
 939	for (idx = count = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS; idx++) {
 940		mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 941		card = snd_cards[idx];
 942		if (card) {
 943			count++;
 944			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%2i [%-15s]: %s - %s\n",
 945					idx,
 946					card->id,
 947					card->driver,
 948					card->shortname);
 949			snd_iprintf(buffer, "                      %s\n",
 950					card->longname);
 951		}
 952		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 953	}
 954	if (!count)
 955		snd_iprintf(buffer, "--- no soundcards ---\n");
 956}
 957
 958#ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 959void snd_card_info_read_oss(struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 960{
 961	int idx, count;
 962	struct snd_card *card;
 963
 964	for (idx = count = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS; idx++) {
 965		mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 966		card = snd_cards[idx];
 967		if (card) {
 968			count++;
 969			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s\n", card->longname);
 970		}
 971		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 972	}
 973	if (!count) {
 974		snd_iprintf(buffer, "--- no soundcards ---\n");
 975	}
 976}
 977
 978#endif
 979
 980#ifdef MODULE
 981static void snd_card_module_info_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 982				      struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 983{
 984	int idx;
 985	struct snd_card *card;
 986
 987	for (idx = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS; idx++) {
 988		mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 989		card = snd_cards[idx];
 990		if (card)
 991			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%2i %s\n",
 992				    idx, card->module->name);
 993		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 994	}
 995}
 996#endif
 997
 998int __init snd_card_info_init(void)
 999{
1000	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
1001
1002	entry = snd_info_create_module_entry(THIS_MODULE, "cards", NULL);
1003	if (! entry)
1004		return -ENOMEM;
1005	entry->c.text.read = snd_card_info_read;
1006	if (snd_info_register(entry) < 0)
1007		return -ENOMEM; /* freed in error path */
1008
1009#ifdef MODULE
1010	entry = snd_info_create_module_entry(THIS_MODULE, "modules", NULL);
1011	if (!entry)
1012		return -ENOMEM;
1013	entry->c.text.read = snd_card_module_info_read;
1014	if (snd_info_register(entry) < 0)
1015		return -ENOMEM; /* freed in error path */
1016#endif
1017
1018	return 0;
1019}
1020#endif /* CONFIG_SND_PROC_FS */
1021
1022/**
1023 *  snd_component_add - add a component string
1024 *  @card: soundcard structure
1025 *  @component: the component id string
1026 *
1027 *  This function adds the component id string to the supported list.
1028 *  The component can be referred from the alsa-lib.
1029 *
1030 *  Return: Zero otherwise a negative error code.
1031 */
1032  
1033int snd_component_add(struct snd_card *card, const char *component)
1034{
1035	char *ptr;
1036	int len = strlen(component);
1037
1038	ptr = strstr(card->components, component);
1039	if (ptr != NULL) {
1040		if (ptr[len] == '\0' || ptr[len] == ' ')	/* already there */
1041			return 1;
1042	}
1043	if (strlen(card->components) + 1 + len + 1 > sizeof(card->components)) {
1044		snd_BUG();
1045		return -ENOMEM;
1046	}
1047	if (card->components[0] != '\0')
1048		strcat(card->components, " ");
1049	strcat(card->components, component);
1050	return 0;
1051}
1052EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_component_add);
1053
1054/**
1055 *  snd_card_file_add - add the file to the file list of the card
1056 *  @card: soundcard structure
1057 *  @file: file pointer
1058 *
1059 *  This function adds the file to the file linked-list of the card.
1060 *  This linked-list is used to keep tracking the connection state,
1061 *  and to avoid the release of busy resources by hotplug.
1062 *
1063 *  Return: zero or a negative error code.
1064 */
1065int snd_card_file_add(struct snd_card *card, struct file *file)
1066{
1067	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile;
1068
1069	mfile = kmalloc(sizeof(*mfile), GFP_KERNEL);
1070	if (mfile == NULL)
1071		return -ENOMEM;
1072	mfile->file = file;
1073	mfile->disconnected_f_op = NULL;
1074	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mfile->shutdown_list);
1075	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
1076	if (card->shutdown) {
1077		spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
1078		kfree(mfile);
1079		return -ENODEV;
1080	}
1081	list_add(&mfile->list, &card->files_list);
1082	get_device(&card->card_dev);
1083	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
1084	return 0;
1085}
1086EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_file_add);
1087
1088/**
1089 *  snd_card_file_remove - remove the file from the file list
1090 *  @card: soundcard structure
1091 *  @file: file pointer
1092 *
1093 *  This function removes the file formerly added to the card via
1094 *  snd_card_file_add() function.
1095 *  If all files are removed and snd_card_free_when_closed() was
1096 *  called beforehand, it processes the pending release of
1097 *  resources.
1098 *
1099 *  Return: Zero or a negative error code.
1100 */
1101int snd_card_file_remove(struct snd_card *card, struct file *file)
1102{
1103	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile, *found = NULL;
1104
1105	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
1106	list_for_each_entry(mfile, &card->files_list, list) {
1107		if (mfile->file == file) {
1108			list_del(&mfile->list);
1109			spin_lock(&shutdown_lock);
1110			list_del(&mfile->shutdown_list);
1111			spin_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
1112			if (mfile->disconnected_f_op)
1113				fops_put(mfile->disconnected_f_op);
1114			found = mfile;
1115			break;
1116		}
1117	}
1118	if (list_empty(&card->files_list))
1119		wake_up_all(&card->remove_sleep);
1120	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
1121	if (!found) {
1122		dev_err(card->dev, "card file remove problem (%p)\n", file);
1123		return -ENOENT;
1124	}
1125	kfree(found);
1126	put_device(&card->card_dev);
1127	return 0;
1128}
1129EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_file_remove);
1130
1131#ifdef CONFIG_PM
1132/**
1133 * snd_power_ref_and_wait - wait until the card gets powered up
1134 * @card: soundcard structure
1135 *
1136 * Take the power_ref reference count of the given card, and
1137 * wait until the card gets powered up to SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0 state.
1138 * The refcount is down again while sleeping until power-up, hence this
1139 * function can be used for syncing the floating control ops accesses,
1140 * typically around calling control ops.
1141 *
1142 * The caller needs to pull down the refcount via snd_power_unref() later
1143 * no matter whether the error is returned from this function or not.
1144 *
1145 * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
1146 */
1147int snd_power_ref_and_wait(struct snd_card *card)
1148{
1149	snd_power_ref(card);
1150	if (snd_power_get_state(card) == SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0)
1151		return 0;
1152	wait_event_cmd(card->power_sleep,
1153		       card->shutdown ||
1154		       snd_power_get_state(card) == SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0,
1155		       snd_power_unref(card), snd_power_ref(card));
1156	return card->shutdown ? -ENODEV : 0;
1157}
1158EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_power_ref_and_wait);
1159
1160/**
1161 * snd_power_wait - wait until the card gets powered up (old form)
1162 * @card: soundcard structure
1163 *
1164 * Wait until the card gets powered up to SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0 state.
1165 *
1166 * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
1167 */
1168int snd_power_wait(struct snd_card *card)
1169{
1170	int ret;
1171
1172	ret = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
1173	snd_power_unref(card);
1174	return ret;
1175}
1176EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_power_wait);
1177#endif /* CONFIG_PM */
v6.2
   1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   2/*
   3 *  Initialization routines
   4 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
   5 */
   6
   7#include <linux/init.h>
   8#include <linux/sched.h>
   9#include <linux/module.h>
  10#include <linux/device.h>
  11#include <linux/file.h>
  12#include <linux/slab.h>
  13#include <linux/time.h>
  14#include <linux/ctype.h>
  15#include <linux/pm.h>
  16#include <linux/debugfs.h>
  17#include <linux/completion.h>
  18#include <linux/interrupt.h>
  19
  20#include <sound/core.h>
  21#include <sound/control.h>
  22#include <sound/info.h>
  23
  24/* monitor files for graceful shutdown (hotplug) */
  25struct snd_monitor_file {
  26	struct file *file;
  27	const struct file_operations *disconnected_f_op;
  28	struct list_head shutdown_list;	/* still need to shutdown */
  29	struct list_head list;	/* link of monitor files */
  30};
  31
  32static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(shutdown_lock);
  33static LIST_HEAD(shutdown_files);
  34
  35static const struct file_operations snd_shutdown_f_ops;
  36
  37/* locked for registering/using */
  38static DECLARE_BITMAP(snd_cards_lock, SNDRV_CARDS);
  39static struct snd_card *snd_cards[SNDRV_CARDS];
  40
  41static DEFINE_MUTEX(snd_card_mutex);
  42
  43static char *slots[SNDRV_CARDS];
  44module_param_array(slots, charp, NULL, 0444);
  45MODULE_PARM_DESC(slots, "Module names assigned to the slots.");
  46
  47/* return non-zero if the given index is reserved for the given
  48 * module via slots option
  49 */
  50static int module_slot_match(struct module *module, int idx)
  51{
  52	int match = 1;
  53#ifdef MODULE
  54	const char *s1, *s2;
  55
  56	if (!module || !*module->name || !slots[idx])
  57		return 0;
  58
  59	s1 = module->name;
  60	s2 = slots[idx];
  61	if (*s2 == '!') {
  62		match = 0; /* negative match */
  63		s2++;
  64	}
  65	/* compare module name strings
  66	 * hyphens are handled as equivalent with underscore
  67	 */
  68	for (;;) {
  69		char c1 = *s1++;
  70		char c2 = *s2++;
  71		if (c1 == '-')
  72			c1 = '_';
  73		if (c2 == '-')
  74			c2 = '_';
  75		if (c1 != c2)
  76			return !match;
  77		if (!c1)
  78			break;
  79	}
  80#endif /* MODULE */
  81	return match;
  82}
  83
  84#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
  85int (*snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)(struct snd_card *card, int free_flag);
  86EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback);
  87#endif
  88
  89static int check_empty_slot(struct module *module, int slot)
  90{
  91	return !slots[slot] || !*slots[slot];
  92}
  93
  94/* return an empty slot number (>= 0) found in the given bitmask @mask.
  95 * @mask == -1 == 0xffffffff means: take any free slot up to 32
  96 * when no slot is available, return the original @mask as is.
  97 */
  98static int get_slot_from_bitmask(int mask, int (*check)(struct module *, int),
  99				 struct module *module)
 100{
 101	int slot;
 102
 103	for (slot = 0; slot < SNDRV_CARDS; slot++) {
 104		if (slot < 32 && !(mask & (1U << slot)))
 105			continue;
 106		if (!test_bit(slot, snd_cards_lock)) {
 107			if (check(module, slot))
 108				return slot; /* found */
 109		}
 110	}
 111	return mask; /* unchanged */
 112}
 113
 114/* the default release callback set in snd_device_initialize() below;
 115 * this is just NOP for now, as almost all jobs are already done in
 116 * dev_free callback of snd_device chain instead.
 117 */
 118static void default_release(struct device *dev)
 119{
 
 120}
 121
 122/**
 123 * snd_device_initialize - Initialize struct device for sound devices
 124 * @dev: device to initialize
 125 * @card: card to assign, optional
 
 
 126 */
 127void snd_device_initialize(struct device *dev, struct snd_card *card)
 128{
 
 
 
 
 
 
 129	device_initialize(dev);
 130	if (card)
 131		dev->parent = &card->card_dev;
 132	dev->class = sound_class;
 133	dev->release = default_release;
 
 
 134}
 135EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_device_initialize);
 136
 137static int snd_card_init(struct snd_card *card, struct device *parent,
 138			 int idx, const char *xid, struct module *module,
 139			 size_t extra_size);
 140static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card);
 141static const struct attribute_group card_dev_attr_group;
 142
 143static void release_card_device(struct device *dev)
 144{
 145	snd_card_do_free(dev_to_snd_card(dev));
 146}
 147
 148/**
 149 *  snd_card_new - create and initialize a soundcard structure
 150 *  @parent: the parent device object
 151 *  @idx: card index (address) [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)]
 152 *  @xid: card identification (ASCII string)
 153 *  @module: top level module for locking
 154 *  @extra_size: allocate this extra size after the main soundcard structure
 155 *  @card_ret: the pointer to store the created card instance
 156 *
 157 *  The function allocates snd_card instance via kzalloc with the given
 158 *  space for the driver to use freely.  The allocated struct is stored
 159 *  in the given card_ret pointer.
 160 *
 161 *  Return: Zero if successful or a negative error code.
 162 */
 163int snd_card_new(struct device *parent, int idx, const char *xid,
 164		    struct module *module, int extra_size,
 165		    struct snd_card **card_ret)
 166{
 167	struct snd_card *card;
 168	int err;
 169
 170	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card_ret))
 171		return -EINVAL;
 172	*card_ret = NULL;
 173
 174	if (extra_size < 0)
 175		extra_size = 0;
 176	card = kzalloc(sizeof(*card) + extra_size, GFP_KERNEL);
 177	if (!card)
 178		return -ENOMEM;
 179
 180	err = snd_card_init(card, parent, idx, xid, module, extra_size);
 181	if (err < 0)
 182		return err; /* card is freed by error handler */
 183
 184	*card_ret = card;
 185	return 0;
 186}
 187EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_new);
 188
 189static void __snd_card_release(struct device *dev, void *data)
 190{
 191	snd_card_free(data);
 192}
 193
 194/**
 195 * snd_devm_card_new - managed snd_card object creation
 196 * @parent: the parent device object
 197 * @idx: card index (address) [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)]
 198 * @xid: card identification (ASCII string)
 199 * @module: top level module for locking
 200 * @extra_size: allocate this extra size after the main soundcard structure
 201 * @card_ret: the pointer to store the created card instance
 202 *
 203 * This function works like snd_card_new() but manages the allocated resource
 204 * via devres, i.e. you don't need to free explicitly.
 205 *
 206 * When a snd_card object is created with this function and registered via
 207 * snd_card_register(), the very first devres action to call snd_card_free()
 208 * is added automatically.  In that way, the resource disconnection is assured
 209 * at first, then released in the expected order.
 210 *
 211 * If an error happens at the probe before snd_card_register() is called and
 212 * there have been other devres resources, you'd need to free the card manually
 213 * via snd_card_free() call in the error; otherwise it may lead to UAF due to
 214 * devres call orders.  You can use snd_card_free_on_error() helper for
 215 * handling it more easily.
 216 *
 217 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 218 */
 219int snd_devm_card_new(struct device *parent, int idx, const char *xid,
 220		      struct module *module, size_t extra_size,
 221		      struct snd_card **card_ret)
 222{
 223	struct snd_card *card;
 224	int err;
 225
 226	*card_ret = NULL;
 227	card = devres_alloc(__snd_card_release, sizeof(*card) + extra_size,
 228			    GFP_KERNEL);
 229	if (!card)
 230		return -ENOMEM;
 231	card->managed = true;
 232	err = snd_card_init(card, parent, idx, xid, module, extra_size);
 233	if (err < 0) {
 234		devres_free(card); /* in managed mode, we need to free manually */
 235		return err;
 236	}
 237
 238	devres_add(parent, card);
 239	*card_ret = card;
 240	return 0;
 241}
 242EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_devm_card_new);
 243
 244/**
 245 * snd_card_free_on_error - a small helper for handling devm probe errors
 246 * @dev: the managed device object
 247 * @ret: the return code from the probe callback
 248 *
 249 * This function handles the explicit snd_card_free() call at the error from
 250 * the probe callback.  It's just a small helper for simplifying the error
 251 * handling with the managed devices.
 252 *
 253 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 254 */
 255int snd_card_free_on_error(struct device *dev, int ret)
 256{
 257	struct snd_card *card;
 258
 259	if (!ret)
 260		return 0;
 261	card = devres_find(dev, __snd_card_release, NULL, NULL);
 262	if (card)
 263		snd_card_free(card);
 264	return ret;
 265}
 266EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_free_on_error);
 267
 268static int snd_card_init(struct snd_card *card, struct device *parent,
 269			 int idx, const char *xid, struct module *module,
 270			 size_t extra_size)
 271{
 272	int err;
 273#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
 274	char name[8];
 275#endif
 276
 277	if (extra_size > 0)
 278		card->private_data = (char *)card + sizeof(struct snd_card);
 279	if (xid)
 280		strscpy(card->id, xid, sizeof(card->id));
 281	err = 0;
 282	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 283	if (idx < 0) /* first check the matching module-name slot */
 284		idx = get_slot_from_bitmask(idx, module_slot_match, module);
 285	if (idx < 0) /* if not matched, assign an empty slot */
 286		idx = get_slot_from_bitmask(idx, check_empty_slot, module);
 287	if (idx < 0)
 288		err = -ENODEV;
 289	else if (idx < snd_ecards_limit) {
 290		if (test_bit(idx, snd_cards_lock))
 291			err = -EBUSY;	/* invalid */
 292	} else if (idx >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 293		err = -ENODEV;
 294	if (err < 0) {
 295		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 296		dev_err(parent, "cannot find the slot for index %d (range 0-%i), error: %d\n",
 297			 idx, snd_ecards_limit - 1, err);
 298		if (!card->managed)
 299			kfree(card); /* manually free here, as no destructor called */
 300		return err;
 301	}
 302	set_bit(idx, snd_cards_lock);		/* lock it */
 303	if (idx >= snd_ecards_limit)
 304		snd_ecards_limit = idx + 1; /* increase the limit */
 305	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 306	card->dev = parent;
 307	card->number = idx;
 308#ifdef MODULE
 309	WARN_ON(!module);
 310	card->module = module;
 311#endif
 312	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->devices);
 313	init_rwsem(&card->controls_rwsem);
 314	rwlock_init(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
 315	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->controls);
 316	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->ctl_files);
 317#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CTL_FAST_LOOKUP
 318	xa_init(&card->ctl_numids);
 319	xa_init(&card->ctl_hash);
 320#endif
 321	spin_lock_init(&card->files_lock);
 322	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&card->files_list);
 323	mutex_init(&card->memory_mutex);
 324#ifdef CONFIG_PM
 325	init_waitqueue_head(&card->power_sleep);
 326	init_waitqueue_head(&card->power_ref_sleep);
 327	atomic_set(&card->power_ref, 0);
 328#endif
 329	init_waitqueue_head(&card->remove_sleep);
 330	card->sync_irq = -1;
 331
 332	device_initialize(&card->card_dev);
 333	card->card_dev.parent = parent;
 334	card->card_dev.class = sound_class;
 335	card->card_dev.release = release_card_device;
 336	card->card_dev.groups = card->dev_groups;
 337	card->dev_groups[0] = &card_dev_attr_group;
 338	err = kobject_set_name(&card->card_dev.kobj, "card%d", idx);
 339	if (err < 0)
 340		goto __error;
 341
 342	snprintf(card->irq_descr, sizeof(card->irq_descr), "%s:%s",
 343		 dev_driver_string(card->dev), dev_name(&card->card_dev));
 344
 345	/* the control interface cannot be accessed from the user space until */
 346	/* snd_cards_bitmask and snd_cards are set with snd_card_register */
 347	err = snd_ctl_create(card);
 348	if (err < 0) {
 349		dev_err(parent, "unable to register control minors\n");
 350		goto __error;
 351	}
 352	err = snd_info_card_create(card);
 353	if (err < 0) {
 354		dev_err(parent, "unable to create card info\n");
 355		goto __error_ctl;
 356	}
 357
 358#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
 359	sprintf(name, "card%d", idx);
 360	card->debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir(name, sound_debugfs_root);
 361#endif
 362	return 0;
 363
 364      __error_ctl:
 365	snd_device_free_all(card);
 366      __error:
 367	put_device(&card->card_dev);
 368  	return err;
 369}
 370
 371/**
 372 * snd_card_ref - Get the card object from the index
 373 * @idx: the card index
 374 *
 375 * Returns a card object corresponding to the given index or NULL if not found.
 376 * Release the object via snd_card_unref().
 377 *
 378 * Return: a card object or NULL
 379 */
 380struct snd_card *snd_card_ref(int idx)
 381{
 382	struct snd_card *card;
 383
 384	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 385	card = snd_cards[idx];
 386	if (card)
 387		get_device(&card->card_dev);
 388	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 389	return card;
 390}
 391EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_ref);
 392
 393/* return non-zero if a card is already locked */
 394int snd_card_locked(int card)
 395{
 396	int locked;
 397
 398	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 399	locked = test_bit(card, snd_cards_lock);
 400	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 401	return locked;
 402}
 403
 404static loff_t snd_disconnect_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int orig)
 405{
 406	return -ENODEV;
 407}
 408
 409static ssize_t snd_disconnect_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 410				   size_t count, loff_t *offset)
 411{
 412	return -ENODEV;
 413}
 414
 415static ssize_t snd_disconnect_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 416				    size_t count, loff_t *offset)
 417{
 418	return -ENODEV;
 419}
 420
 421static int snd_disconnect_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 422{
 423	struct snd_monitor_file *df = NULL, *_df;
 424
 425	spin_lock(&shutdown_lock);
 426	list_for_each_entry(_df, &shutdown_files, shutdown_list) {
 427		if (_df->file == file) {
 428			df = _df;
 429			list_del_init(&df->shutdown_list);
 430			break;
 431		}
 432	}
 433	spin_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
 434
 435	if (likely(df)) {
 436		if ((file->f_flags & FASYNC) && df->disconnected_f_op->fasync)
 437			df->disconnected_f_op->fasync(-1, file, 0);
 438		return df->disconnected_f_op->release(inode, file);
 439	}
 440
 441	panic("%s(%p, %p) failed!", __func__, inode, file);
 442}
 443
 444static __poll_t snd_disconnect_poll(struct file * file, poll_table * wait)
 445{
 446	return EPOLLERR | EPOLLNVAL;
 447}
 448
 449static long snd_disconnect_ioctl(struct file *file,
 450				 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 451{
 452	return -ENODEV;
 453}
 454
 455static int snd_disconnect_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 456{
 457	return -ENODEV;
 458}
 459
 460static int snd_disconnect_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
 461{
 462	return -ENODEV;
 463}
 464
 465static const struct file_operations snd_shutdown_f_ops =
 466{
 467	.owner = 	THIS_MODULE,
 468	.llseek =	snd_disconnect_llseek,
 469	.read = 	snd_disconnect_read,
 470	.write =	snd_disconnect_write,
 471	.release =	snd_disconnect_release,
 472	.poll =		snd_disconnect_poll,
 473	.unlocked_ioctl = snd_disconnect_ioctl,
 474#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 475	.compat_ioctl = snd_disconnect_ioctl,
 476#endif
 477	.mmap =		snd_disconnect_mmap,
 478	.fasync =	snd_disconnect_fasync
 479};
 480
 481/**
 482 *  snd_card_disconnect - disconnect all APIs from the file-operations (user space)
 483 *  @card: soundcard structure
 484 *
 485 *  Disconnects all APIs from the file-operations (user space).
 486 *
 487 *  Return: Zero, otherwise a negative error code.
 488 *
 489 *  Note: The current implementation replaces all active file->f_op with special
 490 *        dummy file operations (they do nothing except release).
 491 */
 492int snd_card_disconnect(struct snd_card *card)
 493{
 494	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile;
 495
 496	if (!card)
 497		return -EINVAL;
 498
 499	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
 500	if (card->shutdown) {
 501		spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
 502		return 0;
 503	}
 504	card->shutdown = 1;
 505
 506	/* replace file->f_op with special dummy operations */
 507	list_for_each_entry(mfile, &card->files_list, list) {
 508		/* it's critical part, use endless loop */
 509		/* we have no room to fail */
 510		mfile->disconnected_f_op = mfile->file->f_op;
 511
 512		spin_lock(&shutdown_lock);
 513		list_add(&mfile->shutdown_list, &shutdown_files);
 514		spin_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
 515
 516		mfile->file->f_op = &snd_shutdown_f_ops;
 517		fops_get(mfile->file->f_op);
 518	}
 519	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);	
 520
 521	/* notify all connected devices about disconnection */
 522	/* at this point, they cannot respond to any calls except release() */
 523
 524#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
 525	if (snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)
 526		snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback(card, SND_MIXER_OSS_NOTIFY_DISCONNECT);
 527#endif
 528
 529	/* notify all devices that we are disconnected */
 530	snd_device_disconnect_all(card);
 531
 532	if (card->sync_irq > 0)
 533		synchronize_irq(card->sync_irq);
 534
 535	snd_info_card_disconnect(card);
 536	if (card->registered) {
 537		device_del(&card->card_dev);
 538		card->registered = false;
 539	}
 540
 541	/* disable fops (user space) operations for ALSA API */
 542	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 543	snd_cards[card->number] = NULL;
 544	clear_bit(card->number, snd_cards_lock);
 545	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 546
 547#ifdef CONFIG_PM
 548	wake_up(&card->power_sleep);
 549	snd_power_sync_ref(card);
 550#endif
 551	return 0;	
 552}
 553EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_disconnect);
 554
 555/**
 556 * snd_card_disconnect_sync - disconnect card and wait until files get closed
 557 * @card: card object to disconnect
 558 *
 559 * This calls snd_card_disconnect() for disconnecting all belonging components
 560 * and waits until all pending files get closed.
 561 * It assures that all accesses from user-space finished so that the driver
 562 * can release its resources gracefully.
 563 */
 564void snd_card_disconnect_sync(struct snd_card *card)
 565{
 566	int err;
 567
 568	err = snd_card_disconnect(card);
 569	if (err < 0) {
 570		dev_err(card->dev,
 571			"snd_card_disconnect error (%d), skipping sync\n",
 572			err);
 573		return;
 574	}
 575
 576	spin_lock_irq(&card->files_lock);
 577	wait_event_lock_irq(card->remove_sleep,
 578			    list_empty(&card->files_list),
 579			    card->files_lock);
 580	spin_unlock_irq(&card->files_lock);
 581}
 582EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_disconnect_sync);
 583
 584static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card)
 585{
 586	card->releasing = true;
 587#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
 588	if (snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)
 589		snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback(card, SND_MIXER_OSS_NOTIFY_FREE);
 590#endif
 591	snd_device_free_all(card);
 592	if (card->private_free)
 593		card->private_free(card);
 594	if (snd_info_card_free(card) < 0) {
 595		dev_warn(card->dev, "unable to free card info\n");
 596		/* Not fatal error */
 597	}
 598#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
 599	debugfs_remove(card->debugfs_root);
 600	card->debugfs_root = NULL;
 601#endif
 602	if (card->release_completion)
 603		complete(card->release_completion);
 604	if (!card->managed)
 605		kfree(card);
 606	return 0;
 607}
 608
 609/**
 610 * snd_card_free_when_closed - Disconnect the card, free it later eventually
 611 * @card: soundcard structure
 612 *
 613 * Unlike snd_card_free(), this function doesn't try to release the card
 614 * resource immediately, but tries to disconnect at first.  When the card
 615 * is still in use, the function returns before freeing the resources.
 616 * The card resources will be freed when the refcount gets to zero.
 617 *
 618 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 619 */
 620int snd_card_free_when_closed(struct snd_card *card)
 621{
 622	int ret = snd_card_disconnect(card);
 623	if (ret)
 624		return ret;
 
 625	put_device(&card->card_dev);
 626	return 0;
 627}
 628EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_free_when_closed);
 629
 630/**
 631 * snd_card_free - frees given soundcard structure
 632 * @card: soundcard structure
 633 *
 634 * This function releases the soundcard structure and the all assigned
 635 * devices automatically.  That is, you don't have to release the devices
 636 * by yourself.
 637 *
 638 * This function waits until the all resources are properly released.
 639 *
 640 * Return: Zero. Frees all associated devices and frees the control
 641 * interface associated to given soundcard.
 642 */
 643int snd_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 644{
 645	DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(released);
 646	int ret;
 647
 648	/* The call of snd_card_free() is allowed from various code paths;
 649	 * a manual call from the driver and the call via devres_free, and
 650	 * we need to avoid double-free. Moreover, the release via devres
 651	 * may call snd_card_free() twice due to its nature, we need to have
 652	 * the check here at the beginning.
 653	 */
 654	if (card->releasing)
 655		return 0;
 656
 657	card->release_completion = &released;
 658	ret = snd_card_free_when_closed(card);
 659	if (ret)
 660		return ret;
 661	/* wait, until all devices are ready for the free operation */
 662	wait_for_completion(&released);
 663
 664	return 0;
 665}
 666EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_free);
 667
 668/* retrieve the last word of shortname or longname */
 669static const char *retrieve_id_from_card_name(const char *name)
 670{
 671	const char *spos = name;
 672
 673	while (*name) {
 674		if (isspace(*name) && isalnum(name[1]))
 675			spos = name + 1;
 676		name++;
 677	}
 678	return spos;
 679}
 680
 681/* return true if the given id string doesn't conflict any other card ids */
 682static bool card_id_ok(struct snd_card *card, const char *id)
 683{
 684	int i;
 685	if (!snd_info_check_reserved_words(id))
 686		return false;
 687	for (i = 0; i < snd_ecards_limit; i++) {
 688		if (snd_cards[i] && snd_cards[i] != card &&
 689		    !strcmp(snd_cards[i]->id, id))
 690			return false;
 691	}
 692	return true;
 693}
 694
 695/* copy to card->id only with valid letters from nid */
 696static void copy_valid_id_string(struct snd_card *card, const char *src,
 697				 const char *nid)
 698{
 699	char *id = card->id;
 700
 701	while (*nid && !isalnum(*nid))
 702		nid++;
 703	if (isdigit(*nid))
 704		*id++ = isalpha(*src) ? *src : 'D';
 705	while (*nid && (size_t)(id - card->id) < sizeof(card->id) - 1) {
 706		if (isalnum(*nid))
 707			*id++ = *nid;
 708		nid++;
 709	}
 710	*id = 0;
 711}
 712
 713/* Set card->id from the given string
 714 * If the string conflicts with other ids, add a suffix to make it unique.
 715 */
 716static void snd_card_set_id_no_lock(struct snd_card *card, const char *src,
 717				    const char *nid)
 718{
 719	int len, loops;
 720	bool is_default = false;
 721	char *id;
 722	
 723	copy_valid_id_string(card, src, nid);
 724	id = card->id;
 725
 726 again:
 727	/* use "Default" for obviously invalid strings
 728	 * ("card" conflicts with proc directories)
 729	 */
 730	if (!*id || !strncmp(id, "card", 4)) {
 731		strcpy(id, "Default");
 732		is_default = true;
 733	}
 734
 735	len = strlen(id);
 736	for (loops = 0; loops < SNDRV_CARDS; loops++) {
 737		char *spos;
 738		char sfxstr[5]; /* "_012" */
 739		int sfxlen;
 740
 741		if (card_id_ok(card, id))
 742			return; /* OK */
 743
 744		/* Add _XYZ suffix */
 745		sprintf(sfxstr, "_%X", loops + 1);
 746		sfxlen = strlen(sfxstr);
 747		if (len + sfxlen >= sizeof(card->id))
 748			spos = id + sizeof(card->id) - sfxlen - 1;
 749		else
 750			spos = id + len;
 751		strcpy(spos, sfxstr);
 752	}
 753	/* fallback to the default id */
 754	if (!is_default) {
 755		*id = 0;
 756		goto again;
 757	}
 758	/* last resort... */
 759	dev_err(card->dev, "unable to set card id (%s)\n", id);
 760	if (card->proc_root->name)
 761		strscpy(card->id, card->proc_root->name, sizeof(card->id));
 762}
 763
 764/**
 765 *  snd_card_set_id - set card identification name
 766 *  @card: soundcard structure
 767 *  @nid: new identification string
 768 *
 769 *  This function sets the card identification and checks for name
 770 *  collisions.
 771 */
 772void snd_card_set_id(struct snd_card *card, const char *nid)
 773{
 774	/* check if user specified own card->id */
 775	if (card->id[0] != '\0')
 776		return;
 777	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 778	snd_card_set_id_no_lock(card, nid, nid);
 779	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 780}
 781EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_set_id);
 782
 783static ssize_t id_show(struct device *dev,
 784		       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 785{
 786	struct snd_card *card = container_of(dev, struct snd_card, card_dev);
 787	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", card->id);
 788}
 789
 790static ssize_t id_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 791			const char *buf, size_t count)
 792{
 793	struct snd_card *card = container_of(dev, struct snd_card, card_dev);
 794	char buf1[sizeof(card->id)];
 795	size_t copy = count > sizeof(card->id) - 1 ?
 796					sizeof(card->id) - 1 : count;
 797	size_t idx;
 798	int c;
 799
 800	for (idx = 0; idx < copy; idx++) {
 801		c = buf[idx];
 802		if (!isalnum(c) && c != '_' && c != '-')
 803			return -EINVAL;
 804	}
 805	memcpy(buf1, buf, copy);
 806	buf1[copy] = '\0';
 807	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 808	if (!card_id_ok(NULL, buf1)) {
 809		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 810		return -EEXIST;
 811	}
 812	strcpy(card->id, buf1);
 813	snd_info_card_id_change(card);
 814	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 815
 816	return count;
 817}
 818
 819static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(id);
 820
 821static ssize_t number_show(struct device *dev,
 822			   struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 823{
 824	struct snd_card *card = container_of(dev, struct snd_card, card_dev);
 825	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%i\n", card->number);
 826}
 827
 828static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(number);
 829
 830static struct attribute *card_dev_attrs[] = {
 831	&dev_attr_id.attr,
 832	&dev_attr_number.attr,
 833	NULL
 834};
 835
 836static const struct attribute_group card_dev_attr_group = {
 837	.attrs	= card_dev_attrs,
 838};
 839
 840/**
 841 * snd_card_add_dev_attr - Append a new sysfs attribute group to card
 842 * @card: card instance
 843 * @group: attribute group to append
 844 *
 845 * Return: zero if successful, or a negative error code
 846 */
 847int snd_card_add_dev_attr(struct snd_card *card,
 848			  const struct attribute_group *group)
 849{
 850	int i;
 851
 852	/* loop for (arraysize-1) here to keep NULL at the last entry */
 853	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(card->dev_groups) - 1; i++) {
 854		if (!card->dev_groups[i]) {
 855			card->dev_groups[i] = group;
 856			return 0;
 857		}
 858	}
 859
 860	dev_err(card->dev, "Too many groups assigned\n");
 861	return -ENOSPC;
 862}
 863EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_card_add_dev_attr);
 864
 865static void trigger_card_free(void *data)
 866{
 867	snd_card_free(data);
 868}
 869
 870/**
 871 *  snd_card_register - register the soundcard
 872 *  @card: soundcard structure
 873 *
 874 *  This function registers all the devices assigned to the soundcard.
 875 *  Until calling this, the ALSA control interface is blocked from the
 876 *  external accesses.  Thus, you should call this function at the end
 877 *  of the initialization of the card.
 878 *
 879 *  Return: Zero otherwise a negative error code if the registration failed.
 880 */
 881int snd_card_register(struct snd_card *card)
 882{
 883	int err;
 884
 885	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card))
 886		return -EINVAL;
 887
 888	if (!card->registered) {
 889		err = device_add(&card->card_dev);
 890		if (err < 0)
 891			return err;
 892		card->registered = true;
 893	} else {
 894		if (card->managed)
 895			devm_remove_action(card->dev, trigger_card_free, card);
 896	}
 897
 898	if (card->managed) {
 899		err = devm_add_action(card->dev, trigger_card_free, card);
 900		if (err < 0)
 901			return err;
 902	}
 903
 904	err = snd_device_register_all(card);
 905	if (err < 0)
 906		return err;
 907	mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 908	if (snd_cards[card->number]) {
 909		/* already registered */
 910		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 911		return snd_info_card_register(card); /* register pending info */
 912	}
 913	if (*card->id) {
 914		/* make a unique id name from the given string */
 915		char tmpid[sizeof(card->id)];
 916		memcpy(tmpid, card->id, sizeof(card->id));
 917		snd_card_set_id_no_lock(card, tmpid, tmpid);
 918	} else {
 919		/* create an id from either shortname or longname */
 920		const char *src;
 921		src = *card->shortname ? card->shortname : card->longname;
 922		snd_card_set_id_no_lock(card, src,
 923					retrieve_id_from_card_name(src));
 924	}
 925	snd_cards[card->number] = card;
 926	mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 927	err = snd_info_card_register(card);
 928	if (err < 0)
 929		return err;
 930
 931#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
 932	if (snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)
 933		snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback(card, SND_MIXER_OSS_NOTIFY_REGISTER);
 934#endif
 935	return 0;
 936}
 937EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_register);
 938
 939#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PROC_FS
 940static void snd_card_info_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 941			       struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 942{
 943	int idx, count;
 944	struct snd_card *card;
 945
 946	for (idx = count = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS; idx++) {
 947		mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 948		card = snd_cards[idx];
 949		if (card) {
 950			count++;
 951			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%2i [%-15s]: %s - %s\n",
 952					idx,
 953					card->id,
 954					card->driver,
 955					card->shortname);
 956			snd_iprintf(buffer, "                      %s\n",
 957					card->longname);
 958		}
 959		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 960	}
 961	if (!count)
 962		snd_iprintf(buffer, "--- no soundcards ---\n");
 963}
 964
 965#ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 966void snd_card_info_read_oss(struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 967{
 968	int idx, count;
 969	struct snd_card *card;
 970
 971	for (idx = count = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS; idx++) {
 972		mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 973		card = snd_cards[idx];
 974		if (card) {
 975			count++;
 976			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s\n", card->longname);
 977		}
 978		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
 979	}
 980	if (!count) {
 981		snd_iprintf(buffer, "--- no soundcards ---\n");
 982	}
 983}
 984
 985#endif
 986
 987#ifdef MODULE
 988static void snd_card_module_info_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 989				      struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 990{
 991	int idx;
 992	struct snd_card *card;
 993
 994	for (idx = 0; idx < SNDRV_CARDS; idx++) {
 995		mutex_lock(&snd_card_mutex);
 996		card = snd_cards[idx];
 997		if (card)
 998			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%2i %s\n",
 999				    idx, card->module->name);
1000		mutex_unlock(&snd_card_mutex);
1001	}
1002}
1003#endif
1004
1005int __init snd_card_info_init(void)
1006{
1007	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
1008
1009	entry = snd_info_create_module_entry(THIS_MODULE, "cards", NULL);
1010	if (! entry)
1011		return -ENOMEM;
1012	entry->c.text.read = snd_card_info_read;
1013	if (snd_info_register(entry) < 0)
1014		return -ENOMEM; /* freed in error path */
1015
1016#ifdef MODULE
1017	entry = snd_info_create_module_entry(THIS_MODULE, "modules", NULL);
1018	if (!entry)
1019		return -ENOMEM;
1020	entry->c.text.read = snd_card_module_info_read;
1021	if (snd_info_register(entry) < 0)
1022		return -ENOMEM; /* freed in error path */
1023#endif
1024
1025	return 0;
1026}
1027#endif /* CONFIG_SND_PROC_FS */
1028
1029/**
1030 *  snd_component_add - add a component string
1031 *  @card: soundcard structure
1032 *  @component: the component id string
1033 *
1034 *  This function adds the component id string to the supported list.
1035 *  The component can be referred from the alsa-lib.
1036 *
1037 *  Return: Zero otherwise a negative error code.
1038 */
1039  
1040int snd_component_add(struct snd_card *card, const char *component)
1041{
1042	char *ptr;
1043	int len = strlen(component);
1044
1045	ptr = strstr(card->components, component);
1046	if (ptr != NULL) {
1047		if (ptr[len] == '\0' || ptr[len] == ' ')	/* already there */
1048			return 1;
1049	}
1050	if (strlen(card->components) + 1 + len + 1 > sizeof(card->components)) {
1051		snd_BUG();
1052		return -ENOMEM;
1053	}
1054	if (card->components[0] != '\0')
1055		strcat(card->components, " ");
1056	strcat(card->components, component);
1057	return 0;
1058}
1059EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_component_add);
1060
1061/**
1062 *  snd_card_file_add - add the file to the file list of the card
1063 *  @card: soundcard structure
1064 *  @file: file pointer
1065 *
1066 *  This function adds the file to the file linked-list of the card.
1067 *  This linked-list is used to keep tracking the connection state,
1068 *  and to avoid the release of busy resources by hotplug.
1069 *
1070 *  Return: zero or a negative error code.
1071 */
1072int snd_card_file_add(struct snd_card *card, struct file *file)
1073{
1074	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile;
1075
1076	mfile = kmalloc(sizeof(*mfile), GFP_KERNEL);
1077	if (mfile == NULL)
1078		return -ENOMEM;
1079	mfile->file = file;
1080	mfile->disconnected_f_op = NULL;
1081	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mfile->shutdown_list);
1082	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
1083	if (card->shutdown) {
1084		spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
1085		kfree(mfile);
1086		return -ENODEV;
1087	}
1088	list_add(&mfile->list, &card->files_list);
1089	get_device(&card->card_dev);
1090	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
1091	return 0;
1092}
1093EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_file_add);
1094
1095/**
1096 *  snd_card_file_remove - remove the file from the file list
1097 *  @card: soundcard structure
1098 *  @file: file pointer
1099 *
1100 *  This function removes the file formerly added to the card via
1101 *  snd_card_file_add() function.
1102 *  If all files are removed and snd_card_free_when_closed() was
1103 *  called beforehand, it processes the pending release of
1104 *  resources.
1105 *
1106 *  Return: Zero or a negative error code.
1107 */
1108int snd_card_file_remove(struct snd_card *card, struct file *file)
1109{
1110	struct snd_monitor_file *mfile, *found = NULL;
1111
1112	spin_lock(&card->files_lock);
1113	list_for_each_entry(mfile, &card->files_list, list) {
1114		if (mfile->file == file) {
1115			list_del(&mfile->list);
1116			spin_lock(&shutdown_lock);
1117			list_del(&mfile->shutdown_list);
1118			spin_unlock(&shutdown_lock);
1119			if (mfile->disconnected_f_op)
1120				fops_put(mfile->disconnected_f_op);
1121			found = mfile;
1122			break;
1123		}
1124	}
1125	if (list_empty(&card->files_list))
1126		wake_up_all(&card->remove_sleep);
1127	spin_unlock(&card->files_lock);
1128	if (!found) {
1129		dev_err(card->dev, "card file remove problem (%p)\n", file);
1130		return -ENOENT;
1131	}
1132	kfree(found);
1133	put_device(&card->card_dev);
1134	return 0;
1135}
1136EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_file_remove);
1137
1138#ifdef CONFIG_PM
1139/**
1140 * snd_power_ref_and_wait - wait until the card gets powered up
1141 * @card: soundcard structure
1142 *
1143 * Take the power_ref reference count of the given card, and
1144 * wait until the card gets powered up to SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0 state.
1145 * The refcount is down again while sleeping until power-up, hence this
1146 * function can be used for syncing the floating control ops accesses,
1147 * typically around calling control ops.
1148 *
1149 * The caller needs to pull down the refcount via snd_power_unref() later
1150 * no matter whether the error is returned from this function or not.
1151 *
1152 * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
1153 */
1154int snd_power_ref_and_wait(struct snd_card *card)
1155{
1156	snd_power_ref(card);
1157	if (snd_power_get_state(card) == SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0)
1158		return 0;
1159	wait_event_cmd(card->power_sleep,
1160		       card->shutdown ||
1161		       snd_power_get_state(card) == SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0,
1162		       snd_power_unref(card), snd_power_ref(card));
1163	return card->shutdown ? -ENODEV : 0;
1164}
1165EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_power_ref_and_wait);
1166
1167/**
1168 * snd_power_wait - wait until the card gets powered up (old form)
1169 * @card: soundcard structure
1170 *
1171 * Wait until the card gets powered up to SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0 state.
1172 *
1173 * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
1174 */
1175int snd_power_wait(struct snd_card *card)
1176{
1177	int ret;
1178
1179	ret = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
1180	snd_power_unref(card);
1181	return ret;
1182}
1183EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_power_wait);
1184#endif /* CONFIG_PM */