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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2#include <linux/percpu.h>
3#include <linux/sched.h>
4#include <linux/osq_lock.h>
5
6/*
7 * An MCS like lock especially tailored for optimistic spinning for sleeping
8 * lock implementations (mutex, rwsem, etc).
9 *
10 * Using a single mcs node per CPU is safe because sleeping locks should not be
11 * called from interrupt context and we have preemption disabled while
12 * spinning.
13 */
14static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct optimistic_spin_node, osq_node);
15
16/*
17 * We use the value 0 to represent "no CPU", thus the encoded value
18 * will be the CPU number incremented by 1.
19 */
20static inline int encode_cpu(int cpu_nr)
21{
22 return cpu_nr + 1;
23}
24
25static inline int node_cpu(struct optimistic_spin_node *node)
26{
27 return node->cpu - 1;
28}
29
30static inline struct optimistic_spin_node *decode_cpu(int encoded_cpu_val)
31{
32 int cpu_nr = encoded_cpu_val - 1;
33
34 return per_cpu_ptr(&osq_node, cpu_nr);
35}
36
37/*
38 * Get a stable @node->next pointer, either for unlock() or unqueue() purposes.
39 * Can return NULL in case we were the last queued and we updated @lock instead.
40 */
41static inline struct optimistic_spin_node *
42osq_wait_next(struct optimistic_spin_queue *lock,
43 struct optimistic_spin_node *node,
44 struct optimistic_spin_node *prev)
45{
46 struct optimistic_spin_node *next = NULL;
47 int curr = encode_cpu(smp_processor_id());
48 int old;
49
50 /*
51 * If there is a prev node in queue, then the 'old' value will be
52 * the prev node's CPU #, else it's set to OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL since if
53 * we're currently last in queue, then the queue will then become empty.
54 */
55 old = prev ? prev->cpu : OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL;
56
57 for (;;) {
58 if (atomic_read(&lock->tail) == curr &&
59 atomic_cmpxchg_acquire(&lock->tail, curr, old) == curr) {
60 /*
61 * We were the last queued, we moved @lock back. @prev
62 * will now observe @lock and will complete its
63 * unlock()/unqueue().
64 */
65 break;
66 }
67
68 /*
69 * We must xchg() the @node->next value, because if we were to
70 * leave it in, a concurrent unlock()/unqueue() from
71 * @node->next might complete Step-A and think its @prev is
72 * still valid.
73 *
74 * If the concurrent unlock()/unqueue() wins the race, we'll
75 * wait for either @lock to point to us, through its Step-B, or
76 * wait for a new @node->next from its Step-C.
77 */
78 if (node->next) {
79 next = xchg(&node->next, NULL);
80 if (next)
81 break;
82 }
83
84 cpu_relax();
85 }
86
87 return next;
88}
89
90bool osq_lock(struct optimistic_spin_queue *lock)
91{
92 struct optimistic_spin_node *node = this_cpu_ptr(&osq_node);
93 struct optimistic_spin_node *prev, *next;
94 int curr = encode_cpu(smp_processor_id());
95 int old;
96
97 node->locked = 0;
98 node->next = NULL;
99 node->cpu = curr;
100
101 /*
102 * We need both ACQUIRE (pairs with corresponding RELEASE in
103 * unlock() uncontended, or fastpath) and RELEASE (to publish
104 * the node fields we just initialised) semantics when updating
105 * the lock tail.
106 */
107 old = atomic_xchg(&lock->tail, curr);
108 if (old == OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL)
109 return true;
110
111 prev = decode_cpu(old);
112 node->prev = prev;
113
114 /*
115 * osq_lock() unqueue
116 *
117 * node->prev = prev osq_wait_next()
118 * WMB MB
119 * prev->next = node next->prev = prev // unqueue-C
120 *
121 * Here 'node->prev' and 'next->prev' are the same variable and we need
122 * to ensure these stores happen in-order to avoid corrupting the list.
123 */
124 smp_wmb();
125
126 WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, node);
127
128 /*
129 * Normally @prev is untouchable after the above store; because at that
130 * moment unlock can proceed and wipe the node element from stack.
131 *
132 * However, since our nodes are static per-cpu storage, we're
133 * guaranteed their existence -- this allows us to apply
134 * cmpxchg in an attempt to undo our queueing.
135 */
136
137 /*
138 * Wait to acquire the lock or cancellation. Note that need_resched()
139 * will come with an IPI, which will wake smp_cond_load_relaxed() if it
140 * is implemented with a monitor-wait. vcpu_is_preempted() relies on
141 * polling, be careful.
142 */
143 if (smp_cond_load_relaxed(&node->locked, VAL || need_resched() ||
144 vcpu_is_preempted(node_cpu(node->prev))))
145 return true;
146
147 /* unqueue */
148 /*
149 * Step - A -- stabilize @prev
150 *
151 * Undo our @prev->next assignment; this will make @prev's
152 * unlock()/unqueue() wait for a next pointer since @lock points to us
153 * (or later).
154 */
155
156 for (;;) {
157 /*
158 * cpu_relax() below implies a compiler barrier which would
159 * prevent this comparison being optimized away.
160 */
161 if (data_race(prev->next) == node &&
162 cmpxchg(&prev->next, node, NULL) == node)
163 break;
164
165 /*
166 * We can only fail the cmpxchg() racing against an unlock(),
167 * in which case we should observe @node->locked becoming
168 * true.
169 */
170 if (smp_load_acquire(&node->locked))
171 return true;
172
173 cpu_relax();
174
175 /*
176 * Or we race against a concurrent unqueue()'s step-B, in which
177 * case its step-C will write us a new @node->prev pointer.
178 */
179 prev = READ_ONCE(node->prev);
180 }
181
182 /*
183 * Step - B -- stabilize @next
184 *
185 * Similar to unlock(), wait for @node->next or move @lock from @node
186 * back to @prev.
187 */
188
189 next = osq_wait_next(lock, node, prev);
190 if (!next)
191 return false;
192
193 /*
194 * Step - C -- unlink
195 *
196 * @prev is stable because its still waiting for a new @prev->next
197 * pointer, @next is stable because our @node->next pointer is NULL and
198 * it will wait in Step-A.
199 */
200
201 WRITE_ONCE(next->prev, prev);
202 WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, next);
203
204 return false;
205}
206
207void osq_unlock(struct optimistic_spin_queue *lock)
208{
209 struct optimistic_spin_node *node, *next;
210 int curr = encode_cpu(smp_processor_id());
211
212 /*
213 * Fast path for the uncontended case.
214 */
215 if (likely(atomic_cmpxchg_release(&lock->tail, curr,
216 OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL) == curr))
217 return;
218
219 /*
220 * Second most likely case.
221 */
222 node = this_cpu_ptr(&osq_node);
223 next = xchg(&node->next, NULL);
224 if (next) {
225 WRITE_ONCE(next->locked, 1);
226 return;
227 }
228
229 next = osq_wait_next(lock, node, NULL);
230 if (next)
231 WRITE_ONCE(next->locked, 1);
232}
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2#include <linux/percpu.h>
3#include <linux/sched.h>
4#include <linux/osq_lock.h>
5
6/*
7 * An MCS like lock especially tailored for optimistic spinning for sleeping
8 * lock implementations (mutex, rwsem, etc).
9 *
10 * Using a single mcs node per CPU is safe because sleeping locks should not be
11 * called from interrupt context and we have preemption disabled while
12 * spinning.
13 */
14
15struct optimistic_spin_node {
16 struct optimistic_spin_node *next, *prev;
17 int locked; /* 1 if lock acquired */
18 int cpu; /* encoded CPU # + 1 value */
19};
20
21static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct optimistic_spin_node, osq_node);
22
23/*
24 * We use the value 0 to represent "no CPU", thus the encoded value
25 * will be the CPU number incremented by 1.
26 */
27static inline int encode_cpu(int cpu_nr)
28{
29 return cpu_nr + 1;
30}
31
32static inline int node_cpu(struct optimistic_spin_node *node)
33{
34 return node->cpu - 1;
35}
36
37static inline struct optimistic_spin_node *decode_cpu(int encoded_cpu_val)
38{
39 int cpu_nr = encoded_cpu_val - 1;
40
41 return per_cpu_ptr(&osq_node, cpu_nr);
42}
43
44/*
45 * Get a stable @node->next pointer, either for unlock() or unqueue() purposes.
46 * Can return NULL in case we were the last queued and we updated @lock instead.
47 *
48 * If osq_lock() is being cancelled there must be a previous node
49 * and 'old_cpu' is its CPU #.
50 * For osq_unlock() there is never a previous node and old_cpu is
51 * set to OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL.
52 */
53static inline struct optimistic_spin_node *
54osq_wait_next(struct optimistic_spin_queue *lock,
55 struct optimistic_spin_node *node,
56 int old_cpu)
57{
58 int curr = encode_cpu(smp_processor_id());
59
60 for (;;) {
61 if (atomic_read(&lock->tail) == curr &&
62 atomic_cmpxchg_acquire(&lock->tail, curr, old_cpu) == curr) {
63 /*
64 * We were the last queued, we moved @lock back. @prev
65 * will now observe @lock and will complete its
66 * unlock()/unqueue().
67 */
68 return NULL;
69 }
70
71 /*
72 * We must xchg() the @node->next value, because if we were to
73 * leave it in, a concurrent unlock()/unqueue() from
74 * @node->next might complete Step-A and think its @prev is
75 * still valid.
76 *
77 * If the concurrent unlock()/unqueue() wins the race, we'll
78 * wait for either @lock to point to us, through its Step-B, or
79 * wait for a new @node->next from its Step-C.
80 */
81 if (node->next) {
82 struct optimistic_spin_node *next;
83
84 next = xchg(&node->next, NULL);
85 if (next)
86 return next;
87 }
88
89 cpu_relax();
90 }
91}
92
93bool osq_lock(struct optimistic_spin_queue *lock)
94{
95 struct optimistic_spin_node *node = this_cpu_ptr(&osq_node);
96 struct optimistic_spin_node *prev, *next;
97 int curr = encode_cpu(smp_processor_id());
98 int old;
99
100 node->locked = 0;
101 node->next = NULL;
102 node->cpu = curr;
103
104 /*
105 * We need both ACQUIRE (pairs with corresponding RELEASE in
106 * unlock() uncontended, or fastpath) and RELEASE (to publish
107 * the node fields we just initialised) semantics when updating
108 * the lock tail.
109 */
110 old = atomic_xchg(&lock->tail, curr);
111 if (old == OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL)
112 return true;
113
114 prev = decode_cpu(old);
115 node->prev = prev;
116
117 /*
118 * osq_lock() unqueue
119 *
120 * node->prev = prev osq_wait_next()
121 * WMB MB
122 * prev->next = node next->prev = prev // unqueue-C
123 *
124 * Here 'node->prev' and 'next->prev' are the same variable and we need
125 * to ensure these stores happen in-order to avoid corrupting the list.
126 */
127 smp_wmb();
128
129 WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, node);
130
131 /*
132 * Normally @prev is untouchable after the above store; because at that
133 * moment unlock can proceed and wipe the node element from stack.
134 *
135 * However, since our nodes are static per-cpu storage, we're
136 * guaranteed their existence -- this allows us to apply
137 * cmpxchg in an attempt to undo our queueing.
138 */
139
140 /*
141 * Wait to acquire the lock or cancellation. Note that need_resched()
142 * will come with an IPI, which will wake smp_cond_load_relaxed() if it
143 * is implemented with a monitor-wait. vcpu_is_preempted() relies on
144 * polling, be careful.
145 */
146 if (smp_cond_load_relaxed(&node->locked, VAL || need_resched() ||
147 vcpu_is_preempted(node_cpu(node->prev))))
148 return true;
149
150 /* unqueue */
151 /*
152 * Step - A -- stabilize @prev
153 *
154 * Undo our @prev->next assignment; this will make @prev's
155 * unlock()/unqueue() wait for a next pointer since @lock points to us
156 * (or later).
157 */
158
159 for (;;) {
160 /*
161 * cpu_relax() below implies a compiler barrier which would
162 * prevent this comparison being optimized away.
163 */
164 if (data_race(prev->next) == node &&
165 cmpxchg(&prev->next, node, NULL) == node)
166 break;
167
168 /*
169 * We can only fail the cmpxchg() racing against an unlock(),
170 * in which case we should observe @node->locked becoming
171 * true.
172 */
173 if (smp_load_acquire(&node->locked))
174 return true;
175
176 cpu_relax();
177
178 /*
179 * Or we race against a concurrent unqueue()'s step-B, in which
180 * case its step-C will write us a new @node->prev pointer.
181 */
182 prev = READ_ONCE(node->prev);
183 }
184
185 /*
186 * Step - B -- stabilize @next
187 *
188 * Similar to unlock(), wait for @node->next or move @lock from @node
189 * back to @prev.
190 */
191
192 next = osq_wait_next(lock, node, prev->cpu);
193 if (!next)
194 return false;
195
196 /*
197 * Step - C -- unlink
198 *
199 * @prev is stable because its still waiting for a new @prev->next
200 * pointer, @next is stable because our @node->next pointer is NULL and
201 * it will wait in Step-A.
202 */
203
204 WRITE_ONCE(next->prev, prev);
205 WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, next);
206
207 return false;
208}
209
210void osq_unlock(struct optimistic_spin_queue *lock)
211{
212 struct optimistic_spin_node *node, *next;
213 int curr = encode_cpu(smp_processor_id());
214
215 /*
216 * Fast path for the uncontended case.
217 */
218 if (likely(atomic_cmpxchg_release(&lock->tail, curr,
219 OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL) == curr))
220 return;
221
222 /*
223 * Second most likely case.
224 */
225 node = this_cpu_ptr(&osq_node);
226 next = xchg(&node->next, NULL);
227 if (next) {
228 WRITE_ONCE(next->locked, 1);
229 return;
230 }
231
232 next = osq_wait_next(lock, node, OSQ_UNLOCKED_VAL);
233 if (next)
234 WRITE_ONCE(next->locked, 1);
235}