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1/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2/******************************************************************************
3 * x86_emulate.h
4 *
5 * Generic x86 (32-bit and 64-bit) instruction decoder and emulator.
6 *
7 * Copyright (c) 2005 Keir Fraser
8 *
9 * From: xen-unstable 10676:af9809f51f81a3c43f276f00c81a52ef558afda4
10 */
11
12#ifndef _ASM_X86_KVM_X86_EMULATE_H
13#define _ASM_X86_KVM_X86_EMULATE_H
14
15#include <asm/desc_defs.h>
16#include "fpu.h"
17
18struct x86_emulate_ctxt;
19enum x86_intercept;
20enum x86_intercept_stage;
21
22struct x86_exception {
23 u8 vector;
24 bool error_code_valid;
25 u16 error_code;
26 bool nested_page_fault;
27 u64 address; /* cr2 or nested page fault gpa */
28 u8 async_page_fault;
29};
30
31/*
32 * This struct is used to carry enough information from the instruction
33 * decoder to main KVM so that a decision can be made whether the
34 * instruction needs to be intercepted or not.
35 */
36struct x86_instruction_info {
37 u8 intercept; /* which intercept */
38 u8 rep_prefix; /* rep prefix? */
39 u8 modrm_mod; /* mod part of modrm */
40 u8 modrm_reg; /* index of register used */
41 u8 modrm_rm; /* rm part of modrm */
42 u64 src_val; /* value of source operand */
43 u64 dst_val; /* value of destination operand */
44 u8 src_bytes; /* size of source operand */
45 u8 dst_bytes; /* size of destination operand */
46 u8 ad_bytes; /* size of src/dst address */
47 u64 next_rip; /* rip following the instruction */
48};
49
50/*
51 * x86_emulate_ops:
52 *
53 * These operations represent the instruction emulator's interface to memory.
54 * There are two categories of operation: those that act on ordinary memory
55 * regions (*_std), and those that act on memory regions known to require
56 * special treatment or emulation (*_emulated).
57 *
58 * The emulator assumes that an instruction accesses only one 'emulated memory'
59 * location, that this location is the given linear faulting address (cr2), and
60 * that this is one of the instruction's data operands. Instruction fetches and
61 * stack operations are assumed never to access emulated memory. The emulator
62 * automatically deduces which operand of a string-move operation is accessing
63 * emulated memory, and assumes that the other operand accesses normal memory.
64 *
65 * NOTES:
66 * 1. The emulator isn't very smart about emulated vs. standard memory.
67 * 'Emulated memory' access addresses should be checked for sanity.
68 * 'Normal memory' accesses may fault, and the caller must arrange to
69 * detect and handle reentrancy into the emulator via recursive faults.
70 * Accesses may be unaligned and may cross page boundaries.
71 * 2. If the access fails (cannot emulate, or a standard access faults) then
72 * it is up to the memop to propagate the fault to the guest VM via
73 * some out-of-band mechanism, unknown to the emulator. The memop signals
74 * failure by returning X86EMUL_PROPAGATE_FAULT to the emulator, which will
75 * then immediately bail.
76 * 3. Valid access sizes are 1, 2, 4 and 8 bytes. On x86/32 systems only
77 * cmpxchg8b_emulated need support 8-byte accesses.
78 * 4. The emulator cannot handle 64-bit mode emulation on an x86/32 system.
79 */
80/* Access completed successfully: continue emulation as normal. */
81#define X86EMUL_CONTINUE 0
82/* Access is unhandleable: bail from emulation and return error to caller. */
83#define X86EMUL_UNHANDLEABLE 1
84/* Terminate emulation but return success to the caller. */
85#define X86EMUL_PROPAGATE_FAULT 2 /* propagate a generated fault to guest */
86#define X86EMUL_RETRY_INSTR 3 /* retry the instruction for some reason */
87#define X86EMUL_CMPXCHG_FAILED 4 /* cmpxchg did not see expected value */
88#define X86EMUL_IO_NEEDED 5 /* IO is needed to complete emulation */
89#define X86EMUL_INTERCEPTED 6 /* Intercepted by nested VMCB/VMCS */
90
91struct x86_emulate_ops {
92 void (*vm_bugged)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
93 /*
94 * read_gpr: read a general purpose register (rax - r15)
95 *
96 * @reg: gpr number.
97 */
98 ulong (*read_gpr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, unsigned reg);
99 /*
100 * write_gpr: write a general purpose register (rax - r15)
101 *
102 * @reg: gpr number.
103 * @val: value to write.
104 */
105 void (*write_gpr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, unsigned reg, ulong val);
106 /*
107 * read_std: Read bytes of standard (non-emulated/special) memory.
108 * Used for descriptor reading.
109 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address from which to read.
110 * @val: [OUT] Value read from memory, zero-extended to 'u_long'.
111 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to read from memory.
112 * @system:[IN ] Whether the access is forced to be at CPL0.
113 */
114 int (*read_std)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
115 unsigned long addr, void *val,
116 unsigned int bytes,
117 struct x86_exception *fault, bool system);
118
119 /*
120 * write_std: Write bytes of standard (non-emulated/special) memory.
121 * Used for descriptor writing.
122 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address to which to write.
123 * @val: [OUT] Value write to memory, zero-extended to 'u_long'.
124 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to write to memory.
125 * @system:[IN ] Whether the access is forced to be at CPL0.
126 */
127 int (*write_std)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
128 unsigned long addr, void *val, unsigned int bytes,
129 struct x86_exception *fault, bool system);
130 /*
131 * fetch: Read bytes of standard (non-emulated/special) memory.
132 * Used for instruction fetch.
133 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address from which to read.
134 * @val: [OUT] Value read from memory, zero-extended to 'u_long'.
135 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to read from memory.
136 */
137 int (*fetch)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
138 unsigned long addr, void *val, unsigned int bytes,
139 struct x86_exception *fault);
140
141 /*
142 * read_emulated: Read bytes from emulated/special memory area.
143 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address from which to read.
144 * @val: [OUT] Value read from memory, zero-extended to 'u_long'.
145 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to read from memory.
146 */
147 int (*read_emulated)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
148 unsigned long addr, void *val, unsigned int bytes,
149 struct x86_exception *fault);
150
151 /*
152 * write_emulated: Write bytes to emulated/special memory area.
153 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address to which to write.
154 * @val: [IN ] Value to write to memory (low-order bytes used as
155 * required).
156 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to write to memory.
157 */
158 int (*write_emulated)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
159 unsigned long addr, const void *val,
160 unsigned int bytes,
161 struct x86_exception *fault);
162
163 /*
164 * cmpxchg_emulated: Emulate an atomic (LOCKed) CMPXCHG operation on an
165 * emulated/special memory area.
166 * @addr: [IN ] Linear address to access.
167 * @old: [IN ] Value expected to be current at @addr.
168 * @new: [IN ] Value to write to @addr.
169 * @bytes: [IN ] Number of bytes to access using CMPXCHG.
170 */
171 int (*cmpxchg_emulated)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
172 unsigned long addr,
173 const void *old,
174 const void *new,
175 unsigned int bytes,
176 struct x86_exception *fault);
177 void (*invlpg)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, ulong addr);
178
179 int (*pio_in_emulated)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
180 int size, unsigned short port, void *val,
181 unsigned int count);
182
183 int (*pio_out_emulated)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
184 int size, unsigned short port, const void *val,
185 unsigned int count);
186
187 bool (*get_segment)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u16 *selector,
188 struct desc_struct *desc, u32 *base3, int seg);
189 void (*set_segment)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u16 selector,
190 struct desc_struct *desc, u32 base3, int seg);
191 unsigned long (*get_cached_segment_base)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
192 int seg);
193 void (*get_gdt)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, struct desc_ptr *dt);
194 void (*get_idt)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, struct desc_ptr *dt);
195 void (*set_gdt)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, struct desc_ptr *dt);
196 void (*set_idt)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, struct desc_ptr *dt);
197 ulong (*get_cr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, int cr);
198 int (*set_cr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, int cr, ulong val);
199 int (*cpl)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
200 void (*get_dr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, int dr, ulong *dest);
201 int (*set_dr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, int dr, ulong value);
202 int (*set_msr_with_filter)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u32 msr_index, u64 data);
203 int (*get_msr_with_filter)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u32 msr_index, u64 *pdata);
204 int (*get_msr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u32 msr_index, u64 *pdata);
205 int (*check_pmc)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u32 pmc);
206 int (*read_pmc)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u32 pmc, u64 *pdata);
207 void (*halt)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
208 void (*wbinvd)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
209 int (*fix_hypercall)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
210 int (*intercept)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
211 struct x86_instruction_info *info,
212 enum x86_intercept_stage stage);
213
214 bool (*get_cpuid)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u32 *eax, u32 *ebx,
215 u32 *ecx, u32 *edx, bool exact_only);
216 bool (*guest_has_long_mode)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
217 bool (*guest_has_movbe)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
218 bool (*guest_has_fxsr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
219 bool (*guest_has_rdpid)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
220
221 void (*set_nmi_mask)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, bool masked);
222
223 unsigned (*get_hflags)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
224 int (*leave_smm)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
225 void (*triple_fault)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
226 int (*set_xcr)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, u32 index, u64 xcr);
227};
228
229/* Type, address-of, and value of an instruction's operand. */
230struct operand {
231 enum { OP_REG, OP_MEM, OP_MEM_STR, OP_IMM, OP_XMM, OP_MM, OP_NONE } type;
232 unsigned int bytes;
233 unsigned int count;
234 union {
235 unsigned long orig_val;
236 u64 orig_val64;
237 };
238 union {
239 unsigned long *reg;
240 struct segmented_address {
241 ulong ea;
242 unsigned seg;
243 } mem;
244 unsigned xmm;
245 unsigned mm;
246 } addr;
247 union {
248 unsigned long val;
249 u64 val64;
250 char valptr[sizeof(sse128_t)];
251 sse128_t vec_val;
252 u64 mm_val;
253 void *data;
254 };
255};
256
257struct fetch_cache {
258 u8 data[15];
259 u8 *ptr;
260 u8 *end;
261};
262
263struct read_cache {
264 u8 data[1024];
265 unsigned long pos;
266 unsigned long end;
267};
268
269/* Execution mode, passed to the emulator. */
270enum x86emul_mode {
271 X86EMUL_MODE_REAL, /* Real mode. */
272 X86EMUL_MODE_VM86, /* Virtual 8086 mode. */
273 X86EMUL_MODE_PROT16, /* 16-bit protected mode. */
274 X86EMUL_MODE_PROT32, /* 32-bit protected mode. */
275 X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64, /* 64-bit (long) mode. */
276};
277
278/* These match some of the HF_* flags defined in kvm_host.h */
279#define X86EMUL_GUEST_MASK (1 << 5) /* VCPU is in guest-mode */
280#define X86EMUL_SMM_MASK (1 << 6)
281
282/*
283 * fastop functions are declared as taking a never-defined fastop parameter,
284 * so they can't be called from C directly.
285 */
286struct fastop;
287
288typedef void (*fastop_t)(struct fastop *);
289
290/*
291 * The emulator's _regs array tracks only the GPRs, i.e. excludes RIP. RIP is
292 * tracked/accessed via _eip, and except for RIP relative addressing, which
293 * also uses _eip, RIP cannot be a register operand nor can it be an operand in
294 * a ModRM or SIB byte.
295 */
296#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
297#define NR_EMULATOR_GPRS 16
298#else
299#define NR_EMULATOR_GPRS 8
300#endif
301
302struct x86_emulate_ctxt {
303 void *vcpu;
304 const struct x86_emulate_ops *ops;
305
306 /* Register state before/after emulation. */
307 unsigned long eflags;
308 unsigned long eip; /* eip before instruction emulation */
309 /* Emulated execution mode, represented by an X86EMUL_MODE value. */
310 enum x86emul_mode mode;
311
312 /* interruptibility state, as a result of execution of STI or MOV SS */
313 int interruptibility;
314
315 bool perm_ok; /* do not check permissions if true */
316 bool tf; /* TF value before instruction (after for syscall/sysret) */
317
318 bool have_exception;
319 struct x86_exception exception;
320
321 /* GPA available */
322 bool gpa_available;
323 gpa_t gpa_val;
324
325 /*
326 * decode cache
327 */
328
329 /* current opcode length in bytes */
330 u8 opcode_len;
331 u8 b;
332 u8 intercept;
333 u8 op_bytes;
334 u8 ad_bytes;
335 union {
336 int (*execute)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
337 fastop_t fop;
338 };
339 int (*check_perm)(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
340
341 bool rip_relative;
342 u8 rex_prefix;
343 u8 lock_prefix;
344 u8 rep_prefix;
345 /* bitmaps of registers in _regs[] that can be read */
346 u16 regs_valid;
347 /* bitmaps of registers in _regs[] that have been written */
348 u16 regs_dirty;
349 /* modrm */
350 u8 modrm;
351 u8 modrm_mod;
352 u8 modrm_reg;
353 u8 modrm_rm;
354 u8 modrm_seg;
355 u8 seg_override;
356 u64 d;
357 unsigned long _eip;
358
359 /* Here begins the usercopy section. */
360 struct operand src;
361 struct operand src2;
362 struct operand dst;
363 struct operand memop;
364 unsigned long _regs[NR_EMULATOR_GPRS];
365 struct operand *memopp;
366 struct fetch_cache fetch;
367 struct read_cache io_read;
368 struct read_cache mem_read;
369 bool is_branch;
370};
371
372#define KVM_EMULATOR_BUG_ON(cond, ctxt) \
373({ \
374 int __ret = (cond); \
375 \
376 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(__ret)) \
377 ctxt->ops->vm_bugged(ctxt); \
378 unlikely(__ret); \
379})
380
381/* Repeat String Operation Prefix */
382#define REPE_PREFIX 0xf3
383#define REPNE_PREFIX 0xf2
384
385/* CPUID vendors */
386#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AuthenticAMD_ebx 0x68747541
387#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AuthenticAMD_ecx 0x444d4163
388#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AuthenticAMD_edx 0x69746e65
389
390#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AMDisbetterI_ebx 0x69444d41
391#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AMDisbetterI_ecx 0x21726574
392#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AMDisbetterI_edx 0x74656273
393
394#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_HygonGenuine_ebx 0x6f677948
395#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_HygonGenuine_ecx 0x656e6975
396#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_HygonGenuine_edx 0x6e65476e
397
398#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_GenuineIntel_ebx 0x756e6547
399#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_GenuineIntel_ecx 0x6c65746e
400#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_GenuineIntel_edx 0x49656e69
401
402#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_CentaurHauls_ebx 0x746e6543
403#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_CentaurHauls_ecx 0x736c7561
404#define X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_CentaurHauls_edx 0x48727561
405
406static inline bool is_guest_vendor_intel(u32 ebx, u32 ecx, u32 edx)
407{
408 return ebx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_GenuineIntel_ebx &&
409 ecx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_GenuineIntel_ecx &&
410 edx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_GenuineIntel_edx;
411}
412
413static inline bool is_guest_vendor_amd(u32 ebx, u32 ecx, u32 edx)
414{
415 return (ebx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AuthenticAMD_ebx &&
416 ecx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AuthenticAMD_ecx &&
417 edx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AuthenticAMD_edx) ||
418 (ebx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AMDisbetterI_ebx &&
419 ecx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AMDisbetterI_ecx &&
420 edx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_AMDisbetterI_edx);
421}
422
423static inline bool is_guest_vendor_hygon(u32 ebx, u32 ecx, u32 edx)
424{
425 return ebx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_HygonGenuine_ebx &&
426 ecx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_HygonGenuine_ecx &&
427 edx == X86EMUL_CPUID_VENDOR_HygonGenuine_edx;
428}
429
430enum x86_intercept_stage {
431 X86_ICTP_NONE = 0, /* Allow zero-init to not match anything */
432 X86_ICPT_PRE_EXCEPT,
433 X86_ICPT_POST_EXCEPT,
434 X86_ICPT_POST_MEMACCESS,
435};
436
437enum x86_intercept {
438 x86_intercept_none,
439 x86_intercept_cr_read,
440 x86_intercept_cr_write,
441 x86_intercept_clts,
442 x86_intercept_lmsw,
443 x86_intercept_smsw,
444 x86_intercept_dr_read,
445 x86_intercept_dr_write,
446 x86_intercept_lidt,
447 x86_intercept_sidt,
448 x86_intercept_lgdt,
449 x86_intercept_sgdt,
450 x86_intercept_lldt,
451 x86_intercept_sldt,
452 x86_intercept_ltr,
453 x86_intercept_str,
454 x86_intercept_rdtsc,
455 x86_intercept_rdpmc,
456 x86_intercept_pushf,
457 x86_intercept_popf,
458 x86_intercept_cpuid,
459 x86_intercept_rsm,
460 x86_intercept_iret,
461 x86_intercept_intn,
462 x86_intercept_invd,
463 x86_intercept_pause,
464 x86_intercept_hlt,
465 x86_intercept_invlpg,
466 x86_intercept_invlpga,
467 x86_intercept_vmrun,
468 x86_intercept_vmload,
469 x86_intercept_vmsave,
470 x86_intercept_vmmcall,
471 x86_intercept_stgi,
472 x86_intercept_clgi,
473 x86_intercept_skinit,
474 x86_intercept_rdtscp,
475 x86_intercept_rdpid,
476 x86_intercept_icebp,
477 x86_intercept_wbinvd,
478 x86_intercept_monitor,
479 x86_intercept_mwait,
480 x86_intercept_rdmsr,
481 x86_intercept_wrmsr,
482 x86_intercept_in,
483 x86_intercept_ins,
484 x86_intercept_out,
485 x86_intercept_outs,
486 x86_intercept_xsetbv,
487
488 nr_x86_intercepts
489};
490
491/* Host execution mode. */
492#if defined(CONFIG_X86_32)
493#define X86EMUL_MODE_HOST X86EMUL_MODE_PROT32
494#elif defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
495#define X86EMUL_MODE_HOST X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64
496#endif
497
498int x86_decode_insn(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, void *insn, int insn_len, int emulation_type);
499bool x86_page_table_writing_insn(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
500#define EMULATION_FAILED -1
501#define EMULATION_OK 0
502#define EMULATION_RESTART 1
503#define EMULATION_INTERCEPTED 2
504void init_decode_cache(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
505int x86_emulate_insn(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
506int emulator_task_switch(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
507 u16 tss_selector, int idt_index, int reason,
508 bool has_error_code, u32 error_code);
509int emulate_int_real(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, int irq);
510void emulator_invalidate_register_cache(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
511void emulator_writeback_register_cache(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
512bool emulator_can_use_gpa(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
513
514static inline ulong reg_read(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, unsigned nr)
515{
516 if (KVM_EMULATOR_BUG_ON(nr >= NR_EMULATOR_GPRS, ctxt))
517 nr &= NR_EMULATOR_GPRS - 1;
518
519 if (!(ctxt->regs_valid & (1 << nr))) {
520 ctxt->regs_valid |= 1 << nr;
521 ctxt->_regs[nr] = ctxt->ops->read_gpr(ctxt, nr);
522 }
523 return ctxt->_regs[nr];
524}
525
526static inline ulong *reg_write(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, unsigned nr)
527{
528 if (KVM_EMULATOR_BUG_ON(nr >= NR_EMULATOR_GPRS, ctxt))
529 nr &= NR_EMULATOR_GPRS - 1;
530
531 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(ctxt->regs_dirty) * BITS_PER_BYTE < NR_EMULATOR_GPRS);
532 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(ctxt->regs_valid) * BITS_PER_BYTE < NR_EMULATOR_GPRS);
533
534 ctxt->regs_valid |= 1 << nr;
535 ctxt->regs_dirty |= 1 << nr;
536 return &ctxt->_regs[nr];
537}
538
539static inline ulong *reg_rmw(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, unsigned nr)
540{
541 reg_read(ctxt, nr);
542 return reg_write(ctxt, nr);
543}
544
545#endif /* _ASM_X86_KVM_X86_EMULATE_H */