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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
3
4#include <linux/kernel.h>
5#include <linux/sched.h>
6#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
7#include <linux/init.h>
8#include <linux/export.h>
9#include <linux/timer.h>
10#include <linux/acpi_pmtmr.h>
11#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
12#include <linux/delay.h>
13#include <linux/clocksource.h>
14#include <linux/percpu.h>
15#include <linux/timex.h>
16#include <linux/static_key.h>
17#include <linux/static_call.h>
18
19#include <asm/hpet.h>
20#include <asm/timer.h>
21#include <asm/vgtod.h>
22#include <asm/time.h>
23#include <asm/delay.h>
24#include <asm/hypervisor.h>
25#include <asm/nmi.h>
26#include <asm/x86_init.h>
27#include <asm/geode.h>
28#include <asm/apic.h>
29#include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
30#include <asm/i8259.h>
31#include <asm/topology.h>
32#include <asm/uv/uv.h>
33
34unsigned int __read_mostly cpu_khz; /* TSC clocks / usec, not used here */
35EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_khz);
36
37unsigned int __read_mostly tsc_khz;
38EXPORT_SYMBOL(tsc_khz);
39
40#define KHZ 1000
41
42/*
43 * TSC can be unstable due to cpufreq or due to unsynced TSCs
44 */
45static int __read_mostly tsc_unstable;
46static unsigned int __initdata tsc_early_khz;
47
48static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE_RO(__use_tsc);
49
50int tsc_clocksource_reliable;
51
52static int __read_mostly tsc_force_recalibrate;
53
54static struct clocksource_base art_base_clk = {
55 .id = CSID_X86_ART,
56};
57static bool have_art;
58
59struct cyc2ns {
60 struct cyc2ns_data data[2]; /* 0 + 2*16 = 32 */
61 seqcount_latch_t seq; /* 32 + 4 = 36 */
62
63}; /* fits one cacheline */
64
65static DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct cyc2ns, cyc2ns);
66
67static int __init tsc_early_khz_setup(char *buf)
68{
69 return kstrtouint(buf, 0, &tsc_early_khz);
70}
71early_param("tsc_early_khz", tsc_early_khz_setup);
72
73__always_inline void __cyc2ns_read(struct cyc2ns_data *data)
74{
75 int seq, idx;
76
77 do {
78 seq = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.seqcount.sequence);
79 idx = seq & 1;
80
81 data->cyc2ns_offset = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_offset);
82 data->cyc2ns_mul = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_mul);
83 data->cyc2ns_shift = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_shift);
84
85 } while (unlikely(seq != this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.seqcount.sequence)));
86}
87
88__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_begin(struct cyc2ns_data *data)
89{
90 preempt_disable_notrace();
91 __cyc2ns_read(data);
92}
93
94__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_end(void)
95{
96 preempt_enable_notrace();
97}
98
99/*
100 * Accelerators for sched_clock()
101 * convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
102 * basic equation:
103 * ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
104 * ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
105 * ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
106 * ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
107 *
108 * Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
109 * ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
110 * ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
111 *
112 * And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
113 * into a shift. The larger SC is, the more accurate the conversion, but
114 * cyc2ns_scale needs to be a 32-bit value so that 32-bit multiplication
115 * (64-bit result) can be used.
116 *
117 * We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision.
118 * (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
119 *
120 * -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
121 */
122
123static __always_inline unsigned long long __cycles_2_ns(unsigned long long cyc)
124{
125 struct cyc2ns_data data;
126 unsigned long long ns;
127
128 __cyc2ns_read(&data);
129
130 ns = data.cyc2ns_offset;
131 ns += mul_u64_u32_shr(cyc, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
132
133 return ns;
134}
135
136static __always_inline unsigned long long cycles_2_ns(unsigned long long cyc)
137{
138 unsigned long long ns;
139 preempt_disable_notrace();
140 ns = __cycles_2_ns(cyc);
141 preempt_enable_notrace();
142 return ns;
143}
144
145static void __set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
146{
147 unsigned long long ns_now;
148 struct cyc2ns_data data;
149 struct cyc2ns *c2n;
150
151 ns_now = cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
152
153 /*
154 * Compute a new multiplier as per the above comment and ensure our
155 * time function is continuous; see the comment near struct
156 * cyc2ns_data.
157 */
158 clocks_calc_mult_shift(&data.cyc2ns_mul, &data.cyc2ns_shift, khz,
159 NSEC_PER_MSEC, 0);
160
161 /*
162 * cyc2ns_shift is exported via arch_perf_update_userpage() where it is
163 * not expected to be greater than 31 due to the original published
164 * conversion algorithm shifting a 32-bit value (now specifies a 64-bit
165 * value) - refer perf_event_mmap_page documentation in perf_event.h.
166 */
167 if (data.cyc2ns_shift == 32) {
168 data.cyc2ns_shift = 31;
169 data.cyc2ns_mul >>= 1;
170 }
171
172 data.cyc2ns_offset = ns_now -
173 mul_u64_u32_shr(tsc_now, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
174
175 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
176
177 write_seqcount_latch_begin(&c2n->seq);
178 c2n->data[0] = data;
179 write_seqcount_latch(&c2n->seq);
180 c2n->data[1] = data;
181 write_seqcount_latch_end(&c2n->seq);
182}
183
184static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
185{
186 unsigned long flags;
187
188 local_irq_save(flags);
189 sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();
190
191 if (khz)
192 __set_cyc2ns_scale(khz, cpu, tsc_now);
193
194 sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event();
195 local_irq_restore(flags);
196}
197
198/*
199 * Initialize cyc2ns for boot cpu
200 */
201static void __init cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu(void)
202{
203 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
204
205 seqcount_latch_init(&c2n->seq);
206 __set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, smp_processor_id(), rdtsc());
207}
208
209/*
210 * Secondary CPUs do not run through tsc_init(), so set up
211 * all the scale factors for all CPUs, assuming the same
212 * speed as the bootup CPU.
213 */
214static void __init cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus(void)
215{
216 unsigned int cpu, this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
217 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
218 struct cyc2ns_data *data = c2n->data;
219
220 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
221 if (cpu != this_cpu) {
222 seqcount_latch_init(&c2n->seq);
223 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
224 c2n->data[0] = data[0];
225 c2n->data[1] = data[1];
226 }
227 }
228}
229
230/*
231 * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
232 */
233noinstr u64 native_sched_clock(void)
234{
235 if (static_branch_likely(&__use_tsc)) {
236 u64 tsc_now = rdtsc();
237
238 /* return the value in ns */
239 return __cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
240 }
241
242 /*
243 * Fall back to jiffies if there's no TSC available:
244 * ( But note that we still use it if the TSC is marked
245 * unstable. We do this because unlike Time Of Day,
246 * the scheduler clock tolerates small errors and it's
247 * very important for it to be as fast as the platform
248 * can achieve it. )
249 */
250
251 /* No locking but a rare wrong value is not a big deal: */
252 return (jiffies_64 - INITIAL_JIFFIES) * (1000000000 / HZ);
253}
254
255/*
256 * Generate a sched_clock if you already have a TSC value.
257 */
258u64 native_sched_clock_from_tsc(u64 tsc)
259{
260 return cycles_2_ns(tsc);
261}
262
263/* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
264 weak default version */
265#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
266noinstr u64 sched_clock_noinstr(void)
267{
268 return paravirt_sched_clock();
269}
270
271bool using_native_sched_clock(void)
272{
273 return static_call_query(pv_sched_clock) == native_sched_clock;
274}
275#else
276u64 sched_clock_noinstr(void) __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
277
278bool using_native_sched_clock(void) { return true; }
279#endif
280
281notrace u64 sched_clock(void)
282{
283 u64 now;
284 preempt_disable_notrace();
285 now = sched_clock_noinstr();
286 preempt_enable_notrace();
287 return now;
288}
289
290int check_tsc_unstable(void)
291{
292 return tsc_unstable;
293}
294EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);
295
296#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
297int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
298{
299 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter notsc");
300 return 1;
301}
302#else
303/*
304 * disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
305 * in cpu/common.c
306 */
307int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
308{
309 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
310 return 1;
311}
312#endif
313
314__setup("notsc", notsc_setup);
315
316static int no_sched_irq_time;
317static int no_tsc_watchdog;
318static int tsc_as_watchdog;
319
320static int __init tsc_setup(char *str)
321{
322 if (!strcmp(str, "reliable"))
323 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
324 if (!strncmp(str, "noirqtime", 9))
325 no_sched_irq_time = 1;
326 if (!strcmp(str, "unstable"))
327 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter");
328 if (!strcmp(str, "nowatchdog")) {
329 no_tsc_watchdog = 1;
330 if (tsc_as_watchdog)
331 pr_alert("%s: Overriding earlier tsc=watchdog with tsc=nowatchdog\n",
332 __func__);
333 tsc_as_watchdog = 0;
334 }
335 if (!strcmp(str, "recalibrate"))
336 tsc_force_recalibrate = 1;
337 if (!strcmp(str, "watchdog")) {
338 if (no_tsc_watchdog)
339 pr_alert("%s: tsc=watchdog overridden by earlier tsc=nowatchdog\n",
340 __func__);
341 else
342 tsc_as_watchdog = 1;
343 }
344 return 1;
345}
346
347__setup("tsc=", tsc_setup);
348
349#define MAX_RETRIES 5
350#define TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD 0x20000
351
352/*
353 * Read TSC and the reference counters. Take care of any disturbances
354 */
355static u64 tsc_read_refs(u64 *p, int hpet)
356{
357 u64 t1, t2;
358 u64 thresh = tsc_khz ? tsc_khz >> 5 : TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
359 int i;
360
361 for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
362 t1 = get_cycles();
363 if (hpet)
364 *p = hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
365 else
366 *p = acpi_pm_read_early();
367 t2 = get_cycles();
368 if ((t2 - t1) < thresh)
369 return t2;
370 }
371 return ULLONG_MAX;
372}
373
374/*
375 * Calculate the TSC frequency from HPET reference
376 */
377static unsigned long calc_hpet_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 hpet1, u64 hpet2)
378{
379 u64 tmp;
380
381 if (hpet2 < hpet1)
382 hpet2 += 0x100000000ULL;
383 hpet2 -= hpet1;
384 tmp = ((u64)hpet2 * hpet_readl(HPET_PERIOD));
385 do_div(tmp, 1000000);
386 deltatsc = div64_u64(deltatsc, tmp);
387
388 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
389}
390
391/*
392 * Calculate the TSC frequency from PMTimer reference
393 */
394static unsigned long calc_pmtimer_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 pm1, u64 pm2)
395{
396 u64 tmp;
397
398 if (!pm1 && !pm2)
399 return ULONG_MAX;
400
401 if (pm2 < pm1)
402 pm2 += (u64)ACPI_PM_OVRRUN;
403 pm2 -= pm1;
404 tmp = pm2 * 1000000000LL;
405 do_div(tmp, PMTMR_TICKS_PER_SEC);
406 do_div(deltatsc, tmp);
407
408 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
409}
410
411#define CAL_MS 10
412#define CAL_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL_MS))
413#define CAL_PIT_LOOPS 1000
414
415#define CAL2_MS 50
416#define CAL2_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL2_MS))
417#define CAL2_PIT_LOOPS 5000
418
419
420/*
421 * Try to calibrate the TSC against the Programmable
422 * Interrupt Timer and return the frequency of the TSC
423 * in kHz.
424 *
425 * Return ULONG_MAX on failure to calibrate.
426 */
427static unsigned long pit_calibrate_tsc(u32 latch, unsigned long ms, int loopmin)
428{
429 u64 tsc, t1, t2, delta;
430 unsigned long tscmin, tscmax;
431 int pitcnt;
432
433 if (!has_legacy_pic()) {
434 /*
435 * Relies on tsc_early_delay_calibrate() to have given us semi
436 * usable udelay(), wait for the same 50ms we would have with
437 * the PIT loop below.
438 */
439 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
440 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
441 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
442 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
443 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
444 return ULONG_MAX;
445 }
446
447 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
448 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
449
450 /*
451 * Setup CTC channel 2* for mode 0, (interrupt on terminal
452 * count mode), binary count. Set the latch register to 50ms
453 * (LSB then MSB) to begin countdown.
454 */
455 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
456 outb(latch & 0xff, 0x42);
457 outb(latch >> 8, 0x42);
458
459 tsc = t1 = t2 = get_cycles();
460
461 pitcnt = 0;
462 tscmax = 0;
463 tscmin = ULONG_MAX;
464 while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0) {
465 t2 = get_cycles();
466 delta = t2 - tsc;
467 tsc = t2;
468 if ((unsigned long) delta < tscmin)
469 tscmin = (unsigned int) delta;
470 if ((unsigned long) delta > tscmax)
471 tscmax = (unsigned int) delta;
472 pitcnt++;
473 }
474
475 /*
476 * Sanity checks:
477 *
478 * If we were not able to read the PIT more than loopmin
479 * times, then we have been hit by a massive SMI
480 *
481 * If the maximum is 10 times larger than the minimum,
482 * then we got hit by an SMI as well.
483 */
484 if (pitcnt < loopmin || tscmax > 10 * tscmin)
485 return ULONG_MAX;
486
487 /* Calculate the PIT value */
488 delta = t2 - t1;
489 do_div(delta, ms);
490 return delta;
491}
492
493/*
494 * This reads the current MSB of the PIT counter, and
495 * checks if we are running on sufficiently fast and
496 * non-virtualized hardware.
497 *
498 * Our expectations are:
499 *
500 * - the PIT is running at roughly 1.19MHz
501 *
502 * - each IO is going to take about 1us on real hardware,
503 * but we allow it to be much faster (by a factor of 10) or
504 * _slightly_ slower (ie we allow up to a 2us read+counter
505 * update - anything else implies a unacceptably slow CPU
506 * or PIT for the fast calibration to work.
507 *
508 * - with 256 PIT ticks to read the value, we have 214us to
509 * see the same MSB (and overhead like doing a single TSC
510 * read per MSB value etc).
511 *
512 * - We're doing 2 reads per loop (LSB, MSB), and we expect
513 * them each to take about a microsecond on real hardware.
514 * So we expect a count value of around 100. But we'll be
515 * generous, and accept anything over 50.
516 *
517 * - if the PIT is stuck, and we see *many* more reads, we
518 * return early (and the next caller of pit_expect_msb()
519 * then consider it a failure when they don't see the
520 * next expected value).
521 *
522 * These expectations mean that we know that we have seen the
523 * transition from one expected value to another with a fairly
524 * high accuracy, and we didn't miss any events. We can thus
525 * use the TSC value at the transitions to calculate a pretty
526 * good value for the TSC frequency.
527 */
528static inline int pit_verify_msb(unsigned char val)
529{
530 /* Ignore LSB */
531 inb(0x42);
532 return inb(0x42) == val;
533}
534
535static inline int pit_expect_msb(unsigned char val, u64 *tscp, unsigned long *deltap)
536{
537 int count;
538 u64 tsc = 0, prev_tsc = 0;
539
540 for (count = 0; count < 50000; count++) {
541 if (!pit_verify_msb(val))
542 break;
543 prev_tsc = tsc;
544 tsc = get_cycles();
545 }
546 *deltap = get_cycles() - prev_tsc;
547 *tscp = tsc;
548
549 /*
550 * We require _some_ success, but the quality control
551 * will be based on the error terms on the TSC values.
552 */
553 return count > 5;
554}
555
556/*
557 * How many MSB values do we want to see? We aim for
558 * a maximum error rate of 500ppm (in practice the
559 * real error is much smaller), but refuse to spend
560 * more than 50ms on it.
561 */
562#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS 50
563#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS (MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS * PIT_TICK_RATE / 1000 / 256)
564
565static unsigned long quick_pit_calibrate(void)
566{
567 int i;
568 u64 tsc, delta;
569 unsigned long d1, d2;
570
571 if (!has_legacy_pic())
572 return 0;
573
574 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
575 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
576
577 /*
578 * Counter 2, mode 0 (one-shot), binary count
579 *
580 * NOTE! Mode 2 decrements by two (and then the
581 * output is flipped each time, giving the same
582 * final output frequency as a decrement-by-one),
583 * so mode 0 is much better when looking at the
584 * individual counts.
585 */
586 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
587
588 /* Start at 0xffff */
589 outb(0xff, 0x42);
590 outb(0xff, 0x42);
591
592 /*
593 * The PIT starts counting at the next edge, so we
594 * need to delay for a microsecond. The easiest way
595 * to do that is to just read back the 16-bit counter
596 * once from the PIT.
597 */
598 pit_verify_msb(0);
599
600 if (pit_expect_msb(0xff, &tsc, &d1)) {
601 for (i = 1; i <= MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS; i++) {
602 if (!pit_expect_msb(0xff-i, &delta, &d2))
603 break;
604
605 delta -= tsc;
606
607 /*
608 * Extrapolate the error and fail fast if the error will
609 * never be below 500 ppm.
610 */
611 if (i == 1 &&
612 d1 + d2 >= (delta * MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS) >> 11)
613 return 0;
614
615 /*
616 * Iterate until the error is less than 500 ppm
617 */
618 if (d1+d2 >= delta >> 11)
619 continue;
620
621 /*
622 * Check the PIT one more time to verify that
623 * all TSC reads were stable wrt the PIT.
624 *
625 * This also guarantees serialization of the
626 * last cycle read ('d2') in pit_expect_msb.
627 */
628 if (!pit_verify_msb(0xfe - i))
629 break;
630 goto success;
631 }
632 }
633 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration failed\n");
634 return 0;
635
636success:
637 /*
638 * Ok, if we get here, then we've seen the
639 * MSB of the PIT decrement 'i' times, and the
640 * error has shrunk to less than 500 ppm.
641 *
642 * As a result, we can depend on there not being
643 * any odd delays anywhere, and the TSC reads are
644 * reliable (within the error).
645 *
646 * kHz = ticks / time-in-seconds / 1000;
647 * kHz = (t2 - t1) / (I * 256 / PIT_TICK_RATE) / 1000
648 * kHz = ((t2 - t1) * PIT_TICK_RATE) / (I * 256 * 1000)
649 */
650 delta *= PIT_TICK_RATE;
651 do_div(delta, i*256*1000);
652 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration using PIT\n");
653 return delta;
654}
655
656/**
657 * native_calibrate_tsc - determine TSC frequency
658 * Determine TSC frequency via CPUID, else return 0.
659 */
660unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void)
661{
662 unsigned int eax_denominator, ebx_numerator, ecx_hz, edx;
663 unsigned int crystal_khz;
664
665 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
666 return 0;
667
668 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x15)
669 return 0;
670
671 eax_denominator = ebx_numerator = ecx_hz = edx = 0;
672
673 /* CPUID 15H TSC/Crystal ratio, plus optionally Crystal Hz */
674 cpuid(0x15, &eax_denominator, &ebx_numerator, &ecx_hz, &edx);
675
676 if (ebx_numerator == 0 || eax_denominator == 0)
677 return 0;
678
679 crystal_khz = ecx_hz / 1000;
680
681 /*
682 * Denverton SoCs don't report crystal clock, and also don't support
683 * CPUID.0x16 for the calculation below, so hardcode the 25MHz crystal
684 * clock.
685 */
686 if (crystal_khz == 0 &&
687 boot_cpu_data.x86_vfm == INTEL_ATOM_GOLDMONT_D)
688 crystal_khz = 25000;
689
690 /*
691 * TSC frequency reported directly by CPUID is a "hardware reported"
692 * frequency and is the most accurate one so far we have. This
693 * is considered a known frequency.
694 */
695 if (crystal_khz != 0)
696 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ);
697
698 /*
699 * Some Intel SoCs like Skylake and Kabylake don't report the crystal
700 * clock, but we can easily calculate it to a high degree of accuracy
701 * by considering the crystal ratio and the CPU speed.
702 */
703 if (crystal_khz == 0 && boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level >= 0x16) {
704 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx, ecx, edx;
705
706 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
707 crystal_khz = eax_base_mhz * 1000 *
708 eax_denominator / ebx_numerator;
709 }
710
711 if (crystal_khz == 0)
712 return 0;
713
714 /*
715 * For Atom SoCs TSC is the only reliable clocksource.
716 * Mark TSC reliable so no watchdog on it.
717 */
718 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vfm == INTEL_ATOM_GOLDMONT)
719 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE);
720
721#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
722 /*
723 * The local APIC appears to be fed by the core crystal clock
724 * (which sounds entirely sensible). We can set the global
725 * lapic_timer_period here to avoid having to calibrate the APIC
726 * timer later.
727 */
728 lapic_timer_period = crystal_khz * 1000 / HZ;
729#endif
730
731 return crystal_khz * ebx_numerator / eax_denominator;
732}
733
734static unsigned long cpu_khz_from_cpuid(void)
735{
736 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx_max_mhz, ecx_bus_mhz, edx;
737
738 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
739 return 0;
740
741 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x16)
742 return 0;
743
744 eax_base_mhz = ebx_max_mhz = ecx_bus_mhz = edx = 0;
745
746 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx_max_mhz, &ecx_bus_mhz, &edx);
747
748 return eax_base_mhz * 1000;
749}
750
751/*
752 * calibrate cpu using pit, hpet, and ptimer methods. They are available
753 * later in boot after acpi is initialized.
754 */
755static unsigned long pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu(void)
756{
757 u64 tsc1, tsc2, delta, ref1, ref2;
758 unsigned long tsc_pit_min = ULONG_MAX, tsc_ref_min = ULONG_MAX;
759 unsigned long flags, latch, ms;
760 int hpet = is_hpet_enabled(), i, loopmin;
761
762 /*
763 * Run 5 calibration loops to get the lowest frequency value
764 * (the best estimate). We use two different calibration modes
765 * here:
766 *
767 * 1) PIT loop. We set the PIT Channel 2 to oneshot mode and
768 * load a timeout of 50ms. We read the time right after we
769 * started the timer and wait until the PIT count down reaches
770 * zero. In each wait loop iteration we read the TSC and check
771 * the delta to the previous read. We keep track of the min
772 * and max values of that delta. The delta is mostly defined
773 * by the IO time of the PIT access, so we can detect when
774 * any disturbance happened between the two reads. If the
775 * maximum time is significantly larger than the minimum time,
776 * then we discard the result and have another try.
777 *
778 * 2) Reference counter. If available we use the HPET or the
779 * PMTIMER as a reference to check the sanity of that value.
780 * We use separate TSC readouts and check inside of the
781 * reference read for any possible disturbance. We discard
782 * disturbed values here as well. We do that around the PIT
783 * calibration delay loop as we have to wait for a certain
784 * amount of time anyway.
785 */
786
787 /* Preset PIT loop values */
788 latch = CAL_LATCH;
789 ms = CAL_MS;
790 loopmin = CAL_PIT_LOOPS;
791
792 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
793 unsigned long tsc_pit_khz;
794
795 /*
796 * Read the start value and the reference count of
797 * hpet/pmtimer when available. Then do the PIT
798 * calibration, which will take at least 50ms, and
799 * read the end value.
800 */
801 local_irq_save(flags);
802 tsc1 = tsc_read_refs(&ref1, hpet);
803 tsc_pit_khz = pit_calibrate_tsc(latch, ms, loopmin);
804 tsc2 = tsc_read_refs(&ref2, hpet);
805 local_irq_restore(flags);
806
807 /* Pick the lowest PIT TSC calibration so far */
808 tsc_pit_min = min(tsc_pit_min, tsc_pit_khz);
809
810 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
811 if (ref1 == ref2)
812 continue;
813
814 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
815 if (tsc1 == ULLONG_MAX || tsc2 == ULLONG_MAX)
816 continue;
817
818 tsc2 = (tsc2 - tsc1) * 1000000LL;
819 if (hpet)
820 tsc2 = calc_hpet_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
821 else
822 tsc2 = calc_pmtimer_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
823
824 tsc_ref_min = min(tsc_ref_min, (unsigned long) tsc2);
825
826 /* Check the reference deviation */
827 delta = ((u64) tsc_pit_min) * 100;
828 do_div(delta, tsc_ref_min);
829
830 /*
831 * If both calibration results are inside a 10% window
832 * then we can be sure, that the calibration
833 * succeeded. We break out of the loop right away. We
834 * use the reference value, as it is more precise.
835 */
836 if (delta >= 90 && delta <= 110) {
837 pr_info("PIT calibration matches %s. %d loops\n",
838 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", i + 1);
839 return tsc_ref_min;
840 }
841
842 /*
843 * Check whether PIT failed more than once. This
844 * happens in virtualized environments. We need to
845 * give the virtual PC a slightly longer timeframe for
846 * the HPET/PMTIMER to make the result precise.
847 */
848 if (i == 1 && tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
849 latch = CAL2_LATCH;
850 ms = CAL2_MS;
851 loopmin = CAL2_PIT_LOOPS;
852 }
853 }
854
855 /*
856 * Now check the results.
857 */
858 if (tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
859 /* PIT gave no useful value */
860 pr_warn("Unable to calibrate against PIT\n");
861
862 /* We don't have an alternative source, disable TSC */
863 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
864 pr_notice("No reference (HPET/PMTIMER) available\n");
865 return 0;
866 }
867
868 /* The alternative source failed as well, disable TSC */
869 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
870 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed\n");
871 return 0;
872 }
873
874 /* Use the alternative source */
875 pr_info("using %s reference calibration\n",
876 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER");
877
878 return tsc_ref_min;
879 }
880
881 /* We don't have an alternative source, use the PIT calibration value */
882 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
883 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
884 return tsc_pit_min;
885 }
886
887 /* The alternative source failed, use the PIT calibration value */
888 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
889 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed. Using PIT calibration.\n");
890 return tsc_pit_min;
891 }
892
893 /*
894 * The calibration values differ too much. In doubt, we use
895 * the PIT value as we know that there are PMTIMERs around
896 * running at double speed. At least we let the user know:
897 */
898 pr_warn("PIT calibration deviates from %s: %lu %lu\n",
899 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", tsc_pit_min, tsc_ref_min);
900 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
901 return tsc_pit_min;
902}
903
904/**
905 * native_calibrate_cpu_early - can calibrate the cpu early in boot
906 */
907unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu_early(void)
908{
909 unsigned long flags, fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_cpuid();
910
911 if (!fast_calibrate)
912 fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_msr();
913 if (!fast_calibrate) {
914 local_irq_save(flags);
915 fast_calibrate = quick_pit_calibrate();
916 local_irq_restore(flags);
917 }
918 return fast_calibrate;
919}
920
921
922/**
923 * native_calibrate_cpu - calibrate the cpu
924 */
925static unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu(void)
926{
927 unsigned long tsc_freq = native_calibrate_cpu_early();
928
929 if (!tsc_freq)
930 tsc_freq = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
931
932 return tsc_freq;
933}
934
935void recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
936{
937#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
938 unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;
939
940 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
941 return;
942
943 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
944 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
945 if (tsc_khz == 0)
946 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
947 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
948 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
949 cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy = cpufreq_scale(cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy,
950 cpu_khz_old, cpu_khz);
951#endif
952}
953EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(recalibrate_cpu_khz);
954
955
956static unsigned long long cyc2ns_suspend;
957
958void tsc_save_sched_clock_state(void)
959{
960 if (!sched_clock_stable())
961 return;
962
963 cyc2ns_suspend = sched_clock();
964}
965
966/*
967 * Even on processors with invariant TSC, TSC gets reset in some the
968 * ACPI system sleep states. And in some systems BIOS seem to reinit TSC to
969 * arbitrary value (still sync'd across cpu's) during resume from such sleep
970 * states. To cope up with this, recompute the cyc2ns_offset for each cpu so
971 * that sched_clock() continues from the point where it was left off during
972 * suspend.
973 */
974void tsc_restore_sched_clock_state(void)
975{
976 unsigned long long offset;
977 unsigned long flags;
978 int cpu;
979
980 if (!sched_clock_stable())
981 return;
982
983 local_irq_save(flags);
984
985 /*
986 * We're coming out of suspend, there's no concurrency yet; don't
987 * bother being nice about the RCU stuff, just write to both
988 * data fields.
989 */
990
991 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
992 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
993
994 offset = cyc2ns_suspend - sched_clock();
995
996 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
997 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
998 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
999 }
1000
1001 local_irq_restore(flags);
1002}
1003
1004#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ
1005/*
1006 * Frequency scaling support. Adjust the TSC based timer when the CPU frequency
1007 * changes.
1008 *
1009 * NOTE: On SMP the situation is not fixable in general, so simply mark the TSC
1010 * as unstable and give up in those cases.
1011 *
1012 * Should fix up last_tsc too. Currently gettimeofday in the
1013 * first tick after the change will be slightly wrong.
1014 */
1015
1016static unsigned int ref_freq;
1017static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref;
1018static unsigned long tsc_khz_ref;
1019
1020static int time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
1021 void *data)
1022{
1023 struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
1024
1025 if (num_online_cpus() > 1) {
1026 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes on SMP");
1027 return 0;
1028 }
1029
1030 if (!ref_freq) {
1031 ref_freq = freq->old;
1032 loops_per_jiffy_ref = boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy;
1033 tsc_khz_ref = tsc_khz;
1034 }
1035
1036 if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE && freq->old < freq->new) ||
1037 (val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new)) {
1038 boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy =
1039 cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
1040
1041 tsc_khz = cpufreq_scale(tsc_khz_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
1042 if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
1043 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
1044
1045 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, freq->policy->cpu, rdtsc());
1046 }
1047
1048 return 0;
1049}
1050
1051static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
1052 .notifier_call = time_cpufreq_notifier
1053};
1054
1055static int __init cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling(void)
1056{
1057 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1058 return 0;
1059 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1060 return 0;
1061 cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
1062 CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
1063 return 0;
1064}
1065
1066core_initcall(cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling);
1067
1068#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_FREQ */
1069
1070#define ART_CPUID_LEAF (0x15)
1071#define ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR (1)
1072
1073
1074/*
1075 * If ART is present detect the numerator:denominator to convert to TSC
1076 */
1077static void __init detect_art(void)
1078{
1079 unsigned int unused;
1080
1081 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < ART_CPUID_LEAF)
1082 return;
1083
1084 /*
1085 * Don't enable ART in a VM, non-stop TSC and TSC_ADJUST required,
1086 * and the TSC counter resets must not occur asynchronously.
1087 */
1088 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR) ||
1089 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC) ||
1090 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_ADJUST) ||
1091 tsc_async_resets)
1092 return;
1093
1094 cpuid(ART_CPUID_LEAF, &art_base_clk.denominator,
1095 &art_base_clk.numerator, &art_base_clk.freq_khz, &unused);
1096
1097 art_base_clk.freq_khz /= KHZ;
1098 if (art_base_clk.denominator < ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR)
1099 return;
1100
1101 rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_TSC_ADJUST, art_base_clk.offset);
1102
1103 /* Make this sticky over multiple CPU init calls */
1104 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_ART);
1105}
1106
1107
1108/* clocksource code */
1109
1110static void tsc_resume(struct clocksource *cs)
1111{
1112 tsc_verify_tsc_adjust(true);
1113}
1114
1115/*
1116 * We used to compare the TSC to the cycle_last value in the clocksource
1117 * structure to avoid a nasty time-warp. This can be observed in a
1118 * very small window right after one CPU updated cycle_last under
1119 * xtime/vsyscall_gtod lock and the other CPU reads a TSC value which
1120 * is smaller than the cycle_last reference value due to a TSC which
1121 * is slightly behind. This delta is nowhere else observable, but in
1122 * that case it results in a forward time jump in the range of hours
1123 * due to the unsigned delta calculation of the time keeping core
1124 * code, which is necessary to support wrapping clocksources like pm
1125 * timer.
1126 *
1127 * This sanity check is now done in the core timekeeping code.
1128 * checking the result of read_tsc() - cycle_last for being negative.
1129 * That works because CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64) does not mask out any bit.
1130 */
1131static u64 read_tsc(struct clocksource *cs)
1132{
1133 return (u64)rdtsc_ordered();
1134}
1135
1136static void tsc_cs_mark_unstable(struct clocksource *cs)
1137{
1138 if (tsc_unstable)
1139 return;
1140
1141 tsc_unstable = 1;
1142 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1143 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1144 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1145 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to clocksource watchdog\n");
1146}
1147
1148static void tsc_cs_tick_stable(struct clocksource *cs)
1149{
1150 if (tsc_unstable)
1151 return;
1152
1153 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1154 sched_clock_tick_stable();
1155}
1156
1157static int tsc_cs_enable(struct clocksource *cs)
1158{
1159 vclocks_set_used(VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC);
1160 return 0;
1161}
1162
1163/*
1164 * .mask MUST be CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64). See comment above read_tsc()
1165 */
1166static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc_early = {
1167 .name = "tsc-early",
1168 .rating = 299,
1169 .uncertainty_margin = 32 * NSEC_PER_MSEC,
1170 .read = read_tsc,
1171 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1172 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1173 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
1174 .id = CSID_X86_TSC_EARLY,
1175 .vdso_clock_mode = VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC,
1176 .enable = tsc_cs_enable,
1177 .resume = tsc_resume,
1178 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1179 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1180 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc_early.list),
1181};
1182
1183/*
1184 * Must mark VALID_FOR_HRES early such that when we unregister tsc_early
1185 * this one will immediately take over. We will only register if TSC has
1186 * been found good.
1187 */
1188static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
1189 .name = "tsc",
1190 .rating = 300,
1191 .read = read_tsc,
1192 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1193 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1194 CLOCK_SOURCE_VALID_FOR_HRES |
1195 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY |
1196 CLOCK_SOURCE_VERIFY_PERCPU,
1197 .id = CSID_X86_TSC,
1198 .vdso_clock_mode = VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC,
1199 .enable = tsc_cs_enable,
1200 .resume = tsc_resume,
1201 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1202 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1203 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc.list),
1204};
1205
1206void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
1207{
1208 if (tsc_unstable)
1209 return;
1210
1211 tsc_unstable = 1;
1212 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1213 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1214 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1215 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to %s\n", reason);
1216
1217 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1218 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc);
1219}
1220
1221EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);
1222
1223static void __init tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog(void)
1224{
1225 clocksource_tsc_early.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1226 clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1227}
1228
1229bool tsc_clocksource_watchdog_disabled(void)
1230{
1231 return !(clocksource_tsc.flags & CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY) &&
1232 tsc_as_watchdog && !no_tsc_watchdog;
1233}
1234
1235static void __init check_system_tsc_reliable(void)
1236{
1237#if defined(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1) || defined(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX) || defined(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC)
1238 if (is_geode_lx()) {
1239 /* RTSC counts during suspend */
1240#define RTSC_SUSP 0x100
1241 unsigned long res_low, res_high;
1242
1243 rdmsr_safe(MSR_GEODE_BUSCONT_CONF0, &res_low, &res_high);
1244 /* Geode_LX - the OLPC CPU has a very reliable TSC */
1245 if (res_low & RTSC_SUSP)
1246 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1247 }
1248#endif
1249 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE))
1250 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1251
1252 /*
1253 * Disable the clocksource watchdog when the system has:
1254 * - TSC running at constant frequency
1255 * - TSC which does not stop in C-States
1256 * - the TSC_ADJUST register which allows to detect even minimal
1257 * modifications
1258 * - not more than four packages
1259 */
1260 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC) &&
1261 boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC) &&
1262 boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_ADJUST) &&
1263 topology_max_packages() <= 4)
1264 tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog();
1265}
1266
1267/*
1268 * Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
1269 * over all CPUs.
1270 */
1271int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
1272{
1273 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || tsc_unstable)
1274 return 1;
1275
1276#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1277 if (apic_is_clustered_box())
1278 return 1;
1279#endif
1280
1281 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1282 return 0;
1283
1284 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable)
1285 return 0;
1286 /*
1287 * Intel systems are normally all synchronized.
1288 * Exceptions must mark TSC as unstable:
1289 */
1290 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL) {
1291 /* assume multi socket systems are not synchronized: */
1292 if (topology_max_packages() > 1)
1293 return 1;
1294 }
1295
1296 return 0;
1297}
1298
1299static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work);
1300static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(tsc_irqwork, tsc_refine_calibration_work);
1301/**
1302 * tsc_refine_calibration_work - Further refine tsc freq calibration
1303 * @work: ignored.
1304 *
1305 * This functions uses delayed work over a period of a
1306 * second to further refine the TSC freq value. Since this is
1307 * timer based, instead of loop based, we don't block the boot
1308 * process while this longer calibration is done.
1309 *
1310 * If there are any calibration anomalies (too many SMIs, etc),
1311 * or the refined calibration is off by 1% of the fast early
1312 * calibration, we throw out the new calibration and use the
1313 * early calibration.
1314 */
1315static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work)
1316{
1317 static u64 tsc_start = ULLONG_MAX, ref_start;
1318 static int hpet;
1319 u64 tsc_stop, ref_stop, delta;
1320 unsigned long freq;
1321 int cpu;
1322
1323 /* Don't bother refining TSC on unstable systems */
1324 if (tsc_unstable)
1325 goto unreg;
1326
1327 /*
1328 * Since the work is started early in boot, we may be
1329 * delayed the first time we expire. So set the workqueue
1330 * again once we know timers are working.
1331 */
1332 if (tsc_start == ULLONG_MAX) {
1333restart:
1334 /*
1335 * Only set hpet once, to avoid mixing hardware
1336 * if the hpet becomes enabled later.
1337 */
1338 hpet = is_hpet_enabled();
1339 tsc_start = tsc_read_refs(&ref_start, hpet);
1340 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, HZ);
1341 return;
1342 }
1343
1344 tsc_stop = tsc_read_refs(&ref_stop, hpet);
1345
1346 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
1347 if (ref_start == ref_stop)
1348 goto out;
1349
1350 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
1351 if (tsc_stop == ULLONG_MAX)
1352 goto restart;
1353
1354 delta = tsc_stop - tsc_start;
1355 delta *= 1000000LL;
1356 if (hpet)
1357 freq = calc_hpet_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1358 else
1359 freq = calc_pmtimer_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1360
1361 /* Will hit this only if tsc_force_recalibrate has been set */
1362 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
1363
1364 /* Warn if the deviation exceeds 500 ppm */
1365 if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > (tsc_khz >> 11)) {
1366 pr_warn("Warning: TSC freq calibrated by CPUID/MSR differs from what is calibrated by HW timer, please check with vendor!!\n");
1367 pr_info("Previous calibrated TSC freq:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1368 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
1369 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
1370 }
1371
1372 pr_info("TSC freq recalibrated by [%s]:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1373 hpet ? "HPET" : "PM_TIMER",
1374 (unsigned long)freq / 1000,
1375 (unsigned long)freq % 1000);
1376
1377 return;
1378 }
1379
1380 /* Make sure we're within 1% */
1381 if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > tsc_khz/100)
1382 goto out;
1383
1384 tsc_khz = freq;
1385 pr_info("Refined TSC clocksource calibration: %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1386 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
1387 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
1388
1389 /* Inform the TSC deadline clockevent devices about the recalibration */
1390 lapic_update_tsc_freq();
1391
1392 /* Update the sched_clock() rate to match the clocksource one */
1393 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1394 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, cpu, tsc_stop);
1395
1396out:
1397 if (tsc_unstable)
1398 goto unreg;
1399
1400 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART)) {
1401 have_art = true;
1402 clocksource_tsc.base = &art_base_clk;
1403 }
1404 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1405unreg:
1406 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1407}
1408
1409
1410static int __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
1411{
1412 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || !tsc_khz)
1413 return 0;
1414
1415 if (tsc_unstable) {
1416 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1417 return 0;
1418 }
1419
1420 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC_S3))
1421 clocksource_tsc.flags |= CLOCK_SOURCE_SUSPEND_NONSTOP;
1422
1423 /*
1424 * When TSC frequency is known (retrieved via MSR or CPUID), we skip
1425 * the refined calibration and directly register it as a clocksource.
1426 */
1427 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
1428 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART)) {
1429 have_art = true;
1430 clocksource_tsc.base = &art_base_clk;
1431 }
1432 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1433 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1434
1435 if (!tsc_force_recalibrate)
1436 return 0;
1437 }
1438
1439 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, 0);
1440 return 0;
1441}
1442/*
1443 * We use device_initcall here, to ensure we run after the hpet
1444 * is fully initialized, which may occur at fs_initcall time.
1445 */
1446device_initcall(init_tsc_clocksource);
1447
1448static bool __init determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(bool early)
1449{
1450 /* Make sure that cpu and tsc are not already calibrated */
1451 WARN_ON(cpu_khz || tsc_khz);
1452
1453 if (early) {
1454 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
1455 if (tsc_early_khz) {
1456 tsc_khz = tsc_early_khz;
1457 } else {
1458 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
1459 clocksource_tsc.freq_khz = tsc_khz;
1460 }
1461 } else {
1462 /* We should not be here with non-native cpu calibration */
1463 WARN_ON(x86_platform.calibrate_cpu != native_calibrate_cpu);
1464 cpu_khz = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
1465 }
1466
1467 /*
1468 * Trust non-zero tsc_khz as authoritative,
1469 * and use it to sanity check cpu_khz,
1470 * which will be off if system timer is off.
1471 */
1472 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1473 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
1474 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
1475 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
1476
1477 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1478 return false;
1479
1480 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor\n",
1481 (unsigned long)cpu_khz / KHZ,
1482 (unsigned long)cpu_khz % KHZ);
1483
1484 if (cpu_khz != tsc_khz) {
1485 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz TSC",
1486 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / KHZ,
1487 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % KHZ);
1488 }
1489 return true;
1490}
1491
1492static unsigned long __init get_loops_per_jiffy(void)
1493{
1494 u64 lpj = (u64)tsc_khz * KHZ;
1495
1496 do_div(lpj, HZ);
1497 return lpj;
1498}
1499
1500static void __init tsc_enable_sched_clock(void)
1501{
1502 loops_per_jiffy = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1503 use_tsc_delay();
1504
1505 /* Sanitize TSC ADJUST before cyc2ns gets initialized */
1506 tsc_store_and_check_tsc_adjust(true);
1507 cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu();
1508 static_branch_enable(&__use_tsc);
1509}
1510
1511void __init tsc_early_init(void)
1512{
1513 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1514 return;
1515 /* Don't change UV TSC multi-chassis synchronization */
1516 if (is_early_uv_system())
1517 return;
1518 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(true))
1519 return;
1520 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1521}
1522
1523void __init tsc_init(void)
1524{
1525 if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
1526 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1527 return;
1528 }
1529
1530 /*
1531 * native_calibrate_cpu_early can only calibrate using methods that are
1532 * available early in boot.
1533 */
1534 if (x86_platform.calibrate_cpu == native_calibrate_cpu_early)
1535 x86_platform.calibrate_cpu = native_calibrate_cpu;
1536
1537 if (!tsc_khz) {
1538 /* We failed to determine frequencies earlier, try again */
1539 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(false)) {
1540 mark_tsc_unstable("could not calculate TSC khz");
1541 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1542 return;
1543 }
1544 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1545 }
1546
1547 cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus();
1548
1549 if (!no_sched_irq_time)
1550 enable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1551
1552 lpj_fine = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1553
1554 check_system_tsc_reliable();
1555
1556 if (unsynchronized_tsc()) {
1557 mark_tsc_unstable("TSCs unsynchronized");
1558 return;
1559 }
1560
1561 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable || no_tsc_watchdog)
1562 tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog();
1563
1564 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc_early, tsc_khz);
1565 detect_art();
1566}
1567
1568#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1569/*
1570 * Check whether existing calibration data can be reused.
1571 */
1572unsigned long calibrate_delay_is_known(void)
1573{
1574 int sibling, cpu = smp_processor_id();
1575 int constant_tsc = cpu_has(&cpu_data(cpu), X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC);
1576 const struct cpumask *mask = topology_core_cpumask(cpu);
1577
1578 /*
1579 * If TSC has constant frequency and TSC is synchronized across
1580 * sockets then reuse CPU0 calibration.
1581 */
1582 if (constant_tsc && !tsc_unstable)
1583 return cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy;
1584
1585 /*
1586 * If TSC has constant frequency and TSC is not synchronized across
1587 * sockets and this is not the first CPU in the socket, then reuse
1588 * the calibration value of an already online CPU on that socket.
1589 *
1590 * This assumes that CONSTANT_TSC is consistent for all CPUs in a
1591 * socket.
1592 */
1593 if (!constant_tsc || !mask)
1594 return 0;
1595
1596 sibling = cpumask_any_but(mask, cpu);
1597 if (sibling < nr_cpu_ids)
1598 return cpu_data(sibling).loops_per_jiffy;
1599 return 0;
1600}
1601#endif
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
3
4#include <linux/kernel.h>
5#include <linux/sched.h>
6#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
7#include <linux/init.h>
8#include <linux/export.h>
9#include <linux/timer.h>
10#include <linux/acpi_pmtmr.h>
11#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
12#include <linux/delay.h>
13#include <linux/clocksource.h>
14#include <linux/percpu.h>
15#include <linux/timex.h>
16#include <linux/static_key.h>
17#include <linux/static_call.h>
18
19#include <asm/hpet.h>
20#include <asm/timer.h>
21#include <asm/vgtod.h>
22#include <asm/time.h>
23#include <asm/delay.h>
24#include <asm/hypervisor.h>
25#include <asm/nmi.h>
26#include <asm/x86_init.h>
27#include <asm/geode.h>
28#include <asm/apic.h>
29#include <asm/intel-family.h>
30#include <asm/i8259.h>
31#include <asm/uv/uv.h>
32
33unsigned int __read_mostly cpu_khz; /* TSC clocks / usec, not used here */
34EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_khz);
35
36unsigned int __read_mostly tsc_khz;
37EXPORT_SYMBOL(tsc_khz);
38
39#define KHZ 1000
40
41/*
42 * TSC can be unstable due to cpufreq or due to unsynced TSCs
43 */
44static int __read_mostly tsc_unstable;
45static unsigned int __initdata tsc_early_khz;
46
47static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(__use_tsc);
48
49int tsc_clocksource_reliable;
50
51static int __read_mostly tsc_force_recalibrate;
52
53static u32 art_to_tsc_numerator;
54static u32 art_to_tsc_denominator;
55static u64 art_to_tsc_offset;
56static struct clocksource *art_related_clocksource;
57
58struct cyc2ns {
59 struct cyc2ns_data data[2]; /* 0 + 2*16 = 32 */
60 seqcount_latch_t seq; /* 32 + 4 = 36 */
61
62}; /* fits one cacheline */
63
64static DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct cyc2ns, cyc2ns);
65
66static int __init tsc_early_khz_setup(char *buf)
67{
68 return kstrtouint(buf, 0, &tsc_early_khz);
69}
70early_param("tsc_early_khz", tsc_early_khz_setup);
71
72__always_inline void __cyc2ns_read(struct cyc2ns_data *data)
73{
74 int seq, idx;
75
76 do {
77 seq = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.seqcount.sequence);
78 idx = seq & 1;
79
80 data->cyc2ns_offset = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_offset);
81 data->cyc2ns_mul = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_mul);
82 data->cyc2ns_shift = this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.data[idx].cyc2ns_shift);
83
84 } while (unlikely(seq != this_cpu_read(cyc2ns.seq.seqcount.sequence)));
85}
86
87__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_begin(struct cyc2ns_data *data)
88{
89 preempt_disable_notrace();
90 __cyc2ns_read(data);
91}
92
93__always_inline void cyc2ns_read_end(void)
94{
95 preempt_enable_notrace();
96}
97
98/*
99 * Accelerators for sched_clock()
100 * convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
101 * basic equation:
102 * ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
103 * ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
104 * ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
105 * ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
106 *
107 * Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
108 * ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
109 * ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
110 *
111 * And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
112 * into a shift. The larger SC is, the more accurate the conversion, but
113 * cyc2ns_scale needs to be a 32-bit value so that 32-bit multiplication
114 * (64-bit result) can be used.
115 *
116 * We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision.
117 * (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
118 *
119 * -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
120 */
121
122static __always_inline unsigned long long __cycles_2_ns(unsigned long long cyc)
123{
124 struct cyc2ns_data data;
125 unsigned long long ns;
126
127 __cyc2ns_read(&data);
128
129 ns = data.cyc2ns_offset;
130 ns += mul_u64_u32_shr(cyc, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
131
132 return ns;
133}
134
135static __always_inline unsigned long long cycles_2_ns(unsigned long long cyc)
136{
137 unsigned long long ns;
138 preempt_disable_notrace();
139 ns = __cycles_2_ns(cyc);
140 preempt_enable_notrace();
141 return ns;
142}
143
144static void __set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
145{
146 unsigned long long ns_now;
147 struct cyc2ns_data data;
148 struct cyc2ns *c2n;
149
150 ns_now = cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
151
152 /*
153 * Compute a new multiplier as per the above comment and ensure our
154 * time function is continuous; see the comment near struct
155 * cyc2ns_data.
156 */
157 clocks_calc_mult_shift(&data.cyc2ns_mul, &data.cyc2ns_shift, khz,
158 NSEC_PER_MSEC, 0);
159
160 /*
161 * cyc2ns_shift is exported via arch_perf_update_userpage() where it is
162 * not expected to be greater than 31 due to the original published
163 * conversion algorithm shifting a 32-bit value (now specifies a 64-bit
164 * value) - refer perf_event_mmap_page documentation in perf_event.h.
165 */
166 if (data.cyc2ns_shift == 32) {
167 data.cyc2ns_shift = 31;
168 data.cyc2ns_mul >>= 1;
169 }
170
171 data.cyc2ns_offset = ns_now -
172 mul_u64_u32_shr(tsc_now, data.cyc2ns_mul, data.cyc2ns_shift);
173
174 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
175
176 raw_write_seqcount_latch(&c2n->seq);
177 c2n->data[0] = data;
178 raw_write_seqcount_latch(&c2n->seq);
179 c2n->data[1] = data;
180}
181
182static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long khz, int cpu, unsigned long long tsc_now)
183{
184 unsigned long flags;
185
186 local_irq_save(flags);
187 sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();
188
189 if (khz)
190 __set_cyc2ns_scale(khz, cpu, tsc_now);
191
192 sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event();
193 local_irq_restore(flags);
194}
195
196/*
197 * Initialize cyc2ns for boot cpu
198 */
199static void __init cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu(void)
200{
201 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
202
203 seqcount_latch_init(&c2n->seq);
204 __set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, smp_processor_id(), rdtsc());
205}
206
207/*
208 * Secondary CPUs do not run through tsc_init(), so set up
209 * all the scale factors for all CPUs, assuming the same
210 * speed as the bootup CPU.
211 */
212static void __init cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus(void)
213{
214 unsigned int cpu, this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
215 struct cyc2ns *c2n = this_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns);
216 struct cyc2ns_data *data = c2n->data;
217
218 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
219 if (cpu != this_cpu) {
220 seqcount_latch_init(&c2n->seq);
221 c2n = per_cpu_ptr(&cyc2ns, cpu);
222 c2n->data[0] = data[0];
223 c2n->data[1] = data[1];
224 }
225 }
226}
227
228/*
229 * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
230 */
231noinstr u64 native_sched_clock(void)
232{
233 if (static_branch_likely(&__use_tsc)) {
234 u64 tsc_now = rdtsc();
235
236 /* return the value in ns */
237 return __cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
238 }
239
240 /*
241 * Fall back to jiffies if there's no TSC available:
242 * ( But note that we still use it if the TSC is marked
243 * unstable. We do this because unlike Time Of Day,
244 * the scheduler clock tolerates small errors and it's
245 * very important for it to be as fast as the platform
246 * can achieve it. )
247 */
248
249 /* No locking but a rare wrong value is not a big deal: */
250 return (jiffies_64 - INITIAL_JIFFIES) * (1000000000 / HZ);
251}
252
253/*
254 * Generate a sched_clock if you already have a TSC value.
255 */
256u64 native_sched_clock_from_tsc(u64 tsc)
257{
258 return cycles_2_ns(tsc);
259}
260
261/* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
262 weak default version */
263#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
264noinstr u64 sched_clock_noinstr(void)
265{
266 return paravirt_sched_clock();
267}
268
269bool using_native_sched_clock(void)
270{
271 return static_call_query(pv_sched_clock) == native_sched_clock;
272}
273#else
274u64 sched_clock_noinstr(void) __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
275
276bool using_native_sched_clock(void) { return true; }
277#endif
278
279notrace u64 sched_clock(void)
280{
281 u64 now;
282 preempt_disable_notrace();
283 now = sched_clock_noinstr();
284 preempt_enable_notrace();
285 return now;
286}
287
288int check_tsc_unstable(void)
289{
290 return tsc_unstable;
291}
292EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);
293
294#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
295int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
296{
297 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter notsc");
298 return 1;
299}
300#else
301/*
302 * disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
303 * in cpu/common.c
304 */
305int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
306{
307 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
308 return 1;
309}
310#endif
311
312__setup("notsc", notsc_setup);
313
314static int no_sched_irq_time;
315static int no_tsc_watchdog;
316static int tsc_as_watchdog;
317
318static int __init tsc_setup(char *str)
319{
320 if (!strcmp(str, "reliable"))
321 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
322 if (!strncmp(str, "noirqtime", 9))
323 no_sched_irq_time = 1;
324 if (!strcmp(str, "unstable"))
325 mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter");
326 if (!strcmp(str, "nowatchdog")) {
327 no_tsc_watchdog = 1;
328 if (tsc_as_watchdog)
329 pr_alert("%s: Overriding earlier tsc=watchdog with tsc=nowatchdog\n",
330 __func__);
331 tsc_as_watchdog = 0;
332 }
333 if (!strcmp(str, "recalibrate"))
334 tsc_force_recalibrate = 1;
335 if (!strcmp(str, "watchdog")) {
336 if (no_tsc_watchdog)
337 pr_alert("%s: tsc=watchdog overridden by earlier tsc=nowatchdog\n",
338 __func__);
339 else
340 tsc_as_watchdog = 1;
341 }
342 return 1;
343}
344
345__setup("tsc=", tsc_setup);
346
347#define MAX_RETRIES 5
348#define TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD 0x20000
349
350/*
351 * Read TSC and the reference counters. Take care of any disturbances
352 */
353static u64 tsc_read_refs(u64 *p, int hpet)
354{
355 u64 t1, t2;
356 u64 thresh = tsc_khz ? tsc_khz >> 5 : TSC_DEFAULT_THRESHOLD;
357 int i;
358
359 for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
360 t1 = get_cycles();
361 if (hpet)
362 *p = hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
363 else
364 *p = acpi_pm_read_early();
365 t2 = get_cycles();
366 if ((t2 - t1) < thresh)
367 return t2;
368 }
369 return ULLONG_MAX;
370}
371
372/*
373 * Calculate the TSC frequency from HPET reference
374 */
375static unsigned long calc_hpet_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 hpet1, u64 hpet2)
376{
377 u64 tmp;
378
379 if (hpet2 < hpet1)
380 hpet2 += 0x100000000ULL;
381 hpet2 -= hpet1;
382 tmp = ((u64)hpet2 * hpet_readl(HPET_PERIOD));
383 do_div(tmp, 1000000);
384 deltatsc = div64_u64(deltatsc, tmp);
385
386 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
387}
388
389/*
390 * Calculate the TSC frequency from PMTimer reference
391 */
392static unsigned long calc_pmtimer_ref(u64 deltatsc, u64 pm1, u64 pm2)
393{
394 u64 tmp;
395
396 if (!pm1 && !pm2)
397 return ULONG_MAX;
398
399 if (pm2 < pm1)
400 pm2 += (u64)ACPI_PM_OVRRUN;
401 pm2 -= pm1;
402 tmp = pm2 * 1000000000LL;
403 do_div(tmp, PMTMR_TICKS_PER_SEC);
404 do_div(deltatsc, tmp);
405
406 return (unsigned long) deltatsc;
407}
408
409#define CAL_MS 10
410#define CAL_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL_MS))
411#define CAL_PIT_LOOPS 1000
412
413#define CAL2_MS 50
414#define CAL2_LATCH (PIT_TICK_RATE / (1000 / CAL2_MS))
415#define CAL2_PIT_LOOPS 5000
416
417
418/*
419 * Try to calibrate the TSC against the Programmable
420 * Interrupt Timer and return the frequency of the TSC
421 * in kHz.
422 *
423 * Return ULONG_MAX on failure to calibrate.
424 */
425static unsigned long pit_calibrate_tsc(u32 latch, unsigned long ms, int loopmin)
426{
427 u64 tsc, t1, t2, delta;
428 unsigned long tscmin, tscmax;
429 int pitcnt;
430
431 if (!has_legacy_pic()) {
432 /*
433 * Relies on tsc_early_delay_calibrate() to have given us semi
434 * usable udelay(), wait for the same 50ms we would have with
435 * the PIT loop below.
436 */
437 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
438 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
439 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
440 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
441 udelay(10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
442 return ULONG_MAX;
443 }
444
445 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
446 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
447
448 /*
449 * Setup CTC channel 2* for mode 0, (interrupt on terminal
450 * count mode), binary count. Set the latch register to 50ms
451 * (LSB then MSB) to begin countdown.
452 */
453 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
454 outb(latch & 0xff, 0x42);
455 outb(latch >> 8, 0x42);
456
457 tsc = t1 = t2 = get_cycles();
458
459 pitcnt = 0;
460 tscmax = 0;
461 tscmin = ULONG_MAX;
462 while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0) {
463 t2 = get_cycles();
464 delta = t2 - tsc;
465 tsc = t2;
466 if ((unsigned long) delta < tscmin)
467 tscmin = (unsigned int) delta;
468 if ((unsigned long) delta > tscmax)
469 tscmax = (unsigned int) delta;
470 pitcnt++;
471 }
472
473 /*
474 * Sanity checks:
475 *
476 * If we were not able to read the PIT more than loopmin
477 * times, then we have been hit by a massive SMI
478 *
479 * If the maximum is 10 times larger than the minimum,
480 * then we got hit by an SMI as well.
481 */
482 if (pitcnt < loopmin || tscmax > 10 * tscmin)
483 return ULONG_MAX;
484
485 /* Calculate the PIT value */
486 delta = t2 - t1;
487 do_div(delta, ms);
488 return delta;
489}
490
491/*
492 * This reads the current MSB of the PIT counter, and
493 * checks if we are running on sufficiently fast and
494 * non-virtualized hardware.
495 *
496 * Our expectations are:
497 *
498 * - the PIT is running at roughly 1.19MHz
499 *
500 * - each IO is going to take about 1us on real hardware,
501 * but we allow it to be much faster (by a factor of 10) or
502 * _slightly_ slower (ie we allow up to a 2us read+counter
503 * update - anything else implies a unacceptably slow CPU
504 * or PIT for the fast calibration to work.
505 *
506 * - with 256 PIT ticks to read the value, we have 214us to
507 * see the same MSB (and overhead like doing a single TSC
508 * read per MSB value etc).
509 *
510 * - We're doing 2 reads per loop (LSB, MSB), and we expect
511 * them each to take about a microsecond on real hardware.
512 * So we expect a count value of around 100. But we'll be
513 * generous, and accept anything over 50.
514 *
515 * - if the PIT is stuck, and we see *many* more reads, we
516 * return early (and the next caller of pit_expect_msb()
517 * then consider it a failure when they don't see the
518 * next expected value).
519 *
520 * These expectations mean that we know that we have seen the
521 * transition from one expected value to another with a fairly
522 * high accuracy, and we didn't miss any events. We can thus
523 * use the TSC value at the transitions to calculate a pretty
524 * good value for the TSC frequency.
525 */
526static inline int pit_verify_msb(unsigned char val)
527{
528 /* Ignore LSB */
529 inb(0x42);
530 return inb(0x42) == val;
531}
532
533static inline int pit_expect_msb(unsigned char val, u64 *tscp, unsigned long *deltap)
534{
535 int count;
536 u64 tsc = 0, prev_tsc = 0;
537
538 for (count = 0; count < 50000; count++) {
539 if (!pit_verify_msb(val))
540 break;
541 prev_tsc = tsc;
542 tsc = get_cycles();
543 }
544 *deltap = get_cycles() - prev_tsc;
545 *tscp = tsc;
546
547 /*
548 * We require _some_ success, but the quality control
549 * will be based on the error terms on the TSC values.
550 */
551 return count > 5;
552}
553
554/*
555 * How many MSB values do we want to see? We aim for
556 * a maximum error rate of 500ppm (in practice the
557 * real error is much smaller), but refuse to spend
558 * more than 50ms on it.
559 */
560#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS 50
561#define MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS (MAX_QUICK_PIT_MS * PIT_TICK_RATE / 1000 / 256)
562
563static unsigned long quick_pit_calibrate(void)
564{
565 int i;
566 u64 tsc, delta;
567 unsigned long d1, d2;
568
569 if (!has_legacy_pic())
570 return 0;
571
572 /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
573 outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
574
575 /*
576 * Counter 2, mode 0 (one-shot), binary count
577 *
578 * NOTE! Mode 2 decrements by two (and then the
579 * output is flipped each time, giving the same
580 * final output frequency as a decrement-by-one),
581 * so mode 0 is much better when looking at the
582 * individual counts.
583 */
584 outb(0xb0, 0x43);
585
586 /* Start at 0xffff */
587 outb(0xff, 0x42);
588 outb(0xff, 0x42);
589
590 /*
591 * The PIT starts counting at the next edge, so we
592 * need to delay for a microsecond. The easiest way
593 * to do that is to just read back the 16-bit counter
594 * once from the PIT.
595 */
596 pit_verify_msb(0);
597
598 if (pit_expect_msb(0xff, &tsc, &d1)) {
599 for (i = 1; i <= MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS; i++) {
600 if (!pit_expect_msb(0xff-i, &delta, &d2))
601 break;
602
603 delta -= tsc;
604
605 /*
606 * Extrapolate the error and fail fast if the error will
607 * never be below 500 ppm.
608 */
609 if (i == 1 &&
610 d1 + d2 >= (delta * MAX_QUICK_PIT_ITERATIONS) >> 11)
611 return 0;
612
613 /*
614 * Iterate until the error is less than 500 ppm
615 */
616 if (d1+d2 >= delta >> 11)
617 continue;
618
619 /*
620 * Check the PIT one more time to verify that
621 * all TSC reads were stable wrt the PIT.
622 *
623 * This also guarantees serialization of the
624 * last cycle read ('d2') in pit_expect_msb.
625 */
626 if (!pit_verify_msb(0xfe - i))
627 break;
628 goto success;
629 }
630 }
631 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration failed\n");
632 return 0;
633
634success:
635 /*
636 * Ok, if we get here, then we've seen the
637 * MSB of the PIT decrement 'i' times, and the
638 * error has shrunk to less than 500 ppm.
639 *
640 * As a result, we can depend on there not being
641 * any odd delays anywhere, and the TSC reads are
642 * reliable (within the error).
643 *
644 * kHz = ticks / time-in-seconds / 1000;
645 * kHz = (t2 - t1) / (I * 256 / PIT_TICK_RATE) / 1000
646 * kHz = ((t2 - t1) * PIT_TICK_RATE) / (I * 256 * 1000)
647 */
648 delta *= PIT_TICK_RATE;
649 do_div(delta, i*256*1000);
650 pr_info("Fast TSC calibration using PIT\n");
651 return delta;
652}
653
654/**
655 * native_calibrate_tsc
656 * Determine TSC frequency via CPUID, else return 0.
657 */
658unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void)
659{
660 unsigned int eax_denominator, ebx_numerator, ecx_hz, edx;
661 unsigned int crystal_khz;
662
663 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
664 return 0;
665
666 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x15)
667 return 0;
668
669 eax_denominator = ebx_numerator = ecx_hz = edx = 0;
670
671 /* CPUID 15H TSC/Crystal ratio, plus optionally Crystal Hz */
672 cpuid(0x15, &eax_denominator, &ebx_numerator, &ecx_hz, &edx);
673
674 if (ebx_numerator == 0 || eax_denominator == 0)
675 return 0;
676
677 crystal_khz = ecx_hz / 1000;
678
679 /*
680 * Denverton SoCs don't report crystal clock, and also don't support
681 * CPUID.0x16 for the calculation below, so hardcode the 25MHz crystal
682 * clock.
683 */
684 if (crystal_khz == 0 &&
685 boot_cpu_data.x86_model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT_D)
686 crystal_khz = 25000;
687
688 /*
689 * TSC frequency reported directly by CPUID is a "hardware reported"
690 * frequency and is the most accurate one so far we have. This
691 * is considered a known frequency.
692 */
693 if (crystal_khz != 0)
694 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ);
695
696 /*
697 * Some Intel SoCs like Skylake and Kabylake don't report the crystal
698 * clock, but we can easily calculate it to a high degree of accuracy
699 * by considering the crystal ratio and the CPU speed.
700 */
701 if (crystal_khz == 0 && boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level >= 0x16) {
702 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx, ecx, edx;
703
704 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
705 crystal_khz = eax_base_mhz * 1000 *
706 eax_denominator / ebx_numerator;
707 }
708
709 if (crystal_khz == 0)
710 return 0;
711
712 /*
713 * For Atom SoCs TSC is the only reliable clocksource.
714 * Mark TSC reliable so no watchdog on it.
715 */
716 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_model == INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT)
717 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE);
718
719#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
720 /*
721 * The local APIC appears to be fed by the core crystal clock
722 * (which sounds entirely sensible). We can set the global
723 * lapic_timer_period here to avoid having to calibrate the APIC
724 * timer later.
725 */
726 lapic_timer_period = crystal_khz * 1000 / HZ;
727#endif
728
729 return crystal_khz * ebx_numerator / eax_denominator;
730}
731
732static unsigned long cpu_khz_from_cpuid(void)
733{
734 unsigned int eax_base_mhz, ebx_max_mhz, ecx_bus_mhz, edx;
735
736 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
737 return 0;
738
739 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < 0x16)
740 return 0;
741
742 eax_base_mhz = ebx_max_mhz = ecx_bus_mhz = edx = 0;
743
744 cpuid(0x16, &eax_base_mhz, &ebx_max_mhz, &ecx_bus_mhz, &edx);
745
746 return eax_base_mhz * 1000;
747}
748
749/*
750 * calibrate cpu using pit, hpet, and ptimer methods. They are available
751 * later in boot after acpi is initialized.
752 */
753static unsigned long pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu(void)
754{
755 u64 tsc1, tsc2, delta, ref1, ref2;
756 unsigned long tsc_pit_min = ULONG_MAX, tsc_ref_min = ULONG_MAX;
757 unsigned long flags, latch, ms;
758 int hpet = is_hpet_enabled(), i, loopmin;
759
760 /*
761 * Run 5 calibration loops to get the lowest frequency value
762 * (the best estimate). We use two different calibration modes
763 * here:
764 *
765 * 1) PIT loop. We set the PIT Channel 2 to oneshot mode and
766 * load a timeout of 50ms. We read the time right after we
767 * started the timer and wait until the PIT count down reaches
768 * zero. In each wait loop iteration we read the TSC and check
769 * the delta to the previous read. We keep track of the min
770 * and max values of that delta. The delta is mostly defined
771 * by the IO time of the PIT access, so we can detect when
772 * any disturbance happened between the two reads. If the
773 * maximum time is significantly larger than the minimum time,
774 * then we discard the result and have another try.
775 *
776 * 2) Reference counter. If available we use the HPET or the
777 * PMTIMER as a reference to check the sanity of that value.
778 * We use separate TSC readouts and check inside of the
779 * reference read for any possible disturbance. We discard
780 * disturbed values here as well. We do that around the PIT
781 * calibration delay loop as we have to wait for a certain
782 * amount of time anyway.
783 */
784
785 /* Preset PIT loop values */
786 latch = CAL_LATCH;
787 ms = CAL_MS;
788 loopmin = CAL_PIT_LOOPS;
789
790 for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
791 unsigned long tsc_pit_khz;
792
793 /*
794 * Read the start value and the reference count of
795 * hpet/pmtimer when available. Then do the PIT
796 * calibration, which will take at least 50ms, and
797 * read the end value.
798 */
799 local_irq_save(flags);
800 tsc1 = tsc_read_refs(&ref1, hpet);
801 tsc_pit_khz = pit_calibrate_tsc(latch, ms, loopmin);
802 tsc2 = tsc_read_refs(&ref2, hpet);
803 local_irq_restore(flags);
804
805 /* Pick the lowest PIT TSC calibration so far */
806 tsc_pit_min = min(tsc_pit_min, tsc_pit_khz);
807
808 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
809 if (ref1 == ref2)
810 continue;
811
812 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
813 if (tsc1 == ULLONG_MAX || tsc2 == ULLONG_MAX)
814 continue;
815
816 tsc2 = (tsc2 - tsc1) * 1000000LL;
817 if (hpet)
818 tsc2 = calc_hpet_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
819 else
820 tsc2 = calc_pmtimer_ref(tsc2, ref1, ref2);
821
822 tsc_ref_min = min(tsc_ref_min, (unsigned long) tsc2);
823
824 /* Check the reference deviation */
825 delta = ((u64) tsc_pit_min) * 100;
826 do_div(delta, tsc_ref_min);
827
828 /*
829 * If both calibration results are inside a 10% window
830 * then we can be sure, that the calibration
831 * succeeded. We break out of the loop right away. We
832 * use the reference value, as it is more precise.
833 */
834 if (delta >= 90 && delta <= 110) {
835 pr_info("PIT calibration matches %s. %d loops\n",
836 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", i + 1);
837 return tsc_ref_min;
838 }
839
840 /*
841 * Check whether PIT failed more than once. This
842 * happens in virtualized environments. We need to
843 * give the virtual PC a slightly longer timeframe for
844 * the HPET/PMTIMER to make the result precise.
845 */
846 if (i == 1 && tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
847 latch = CAL2_LATCH;
848 ms = CAL2_MS;
849 loopmin = CAL2_PIT_LOOPS;
850 }
851 }
852
853 /*
854 * Now check the results.
855 */
856 if (tsc_pit_min == ULONG_MAX) {
857 /* PIT gave no useful value */
858 pr_warn("Unable to calibrate against PIT\n");
859
860 /* We don't have an alternative source, disable TSC */
861 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
862 pr_notice("No reference (HPET/PMTIMER) available\n");
863 return 0;
864 }
865
866 /* The alternative source failed as well, disable TSC */
867 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
868 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed\n");
869 return 0;
870 }
871
872 /* Use the alternative source */
873 pr_info("using %s reference calibration\n",
874 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER");
875
876 return tsc_ref_min;
877 }
878
879 /* We don't have an alternative source, use the PIT calibration value */
880 if (!hpet && !ref1 && !ref2) {
881 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
882 return tsc_pit_min;
883 }
884
885 /* The alternative source failed, use the PIT calibration value */
886 if (tsc_ref_min == ULONG_MAX) {
887 pr_warn("HPET/PMTIMER calibration failed. Using PIT calibration.\n");
888 return tsc_pit_min;
889 }
890
891 /*
892 * The calibration values differ too much. In doubt, we use
893 * the PIT value as we know that there are PMTIMERs around
894 * running at double speed. At least we let the user know:
895 */
896 pr_warn("PIT calibration deviates from %s: %lu %lu\n",
897 hpet ? "HPET" : "PMTIMER", tsc_pit_min, tsc_ref_min);
898 pr_info("Using PIT calibration value\n");
899 return tsc_pit_min;
900}
901
902/**
903 * native_calibrate_cpu_early - can calibrate the cpu early in boot
904 */
905unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu_early(void)
906{
907 unsigned long flags, fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_cpuid();
908
909 if (!fast_calibrate)
910 fast_calibrate = cpu_khz_from_msr();
911 if (!fast_calibrate) {
912 local_irq_save(flags);
913 fast_calibrate = quick_pit_calibrate();
914 local_irq_restore(flags);
915 }
916 return fast_calibrate;
917}
918
919
920/**
921 * native_calibrate_cpu - calibrate the cpu
922 */
923static unsigned long native_calibrate_cpu(void)
924{
925 unsigned long tsc_freq = native_calibrate_cpu_early();
926
927 if (!tsc_freq)
928 tsc_freq = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
929
930 return tsc_freq;
931}
932
933void recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
934{
935#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
936 unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;
937
938 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
939 return;
940
941 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
942 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
943 if (tsc_khz == 0)
944 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
945 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
946 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
947 cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy = cpufreq_scale(cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy,
948 cpu_khz_old, cpu_khz);
949#endif
950}
951EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(recalibrate_cpu_khz);
952
953
954static unsigned long long cyc2ns_suspend;
955
956void tsc_save_sched_clock_state(void)
957{
958 if (!sched_clock_stable())
959 return;
960
961 cyc2ns_suspend = sched_clock();
962}
963
964/*
965 * Even on processors with invariant TSC, TSC gets reset in some the
966 * ACPI system sleep states. And in some systems BIOS seem to reinit TSC to
967 * arbitrary value (still sync'd across cpu's) during resume from such sleep
968 * states. To cope up with this, recompute the cyc2ns_offset for each cpu so
969 * that sched_clock() continues from the point where it was left off during
970 * suspend.
971 */
972void tsc_restore_sched_clock_state(void)
973{
974 unsigned long long offset;
975 unsigned long flags;
976 int cpu;
977
978 if (!sched_clock_stable())
979 return;
980
981 local_irq_save(flags);
982
983 /*
984 * We're coming out of suspend, there's no concurrency yet; don't
985 * bother being nice about the RCU stuff, just write to both
986 * data fields.
987 */
988
989 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
990 this_cpu_write(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, 0);
991
992 offset = cyc2ns_suspend - sched_clock();
993
994 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
995 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[0].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
996 per_cpu(cyc2ns.data[1].cyc2ns_offset, cpu) = offset;
997 }
998
999 local_irq_restore(flags);
1000}
1001
1002#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ
1003/*
1004 * Frequency scaling support. Adjust the TSC based timer when the CPU frequency
1005 * changes.
1006 *
1007 * NOTE: On SMP the situation is not fixable in general, so simply mark the TSC
1008 * as unstable and give up in those cases.
1009 *
1010 * Should fix up last_tsc too. Currently gettimeofday in the
1011 * first tick after the change will be slightly wrong.
1012 */
1013
1014static unsigned int ref_freq;
1015static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref;
1016static unsigned long tsc_khz_ref;
1017
1018static int time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
1019 void *data)
1020{
1021 struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
1022
1023 if (num_online_cpus() > 1) {
1024 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes on SMP");
1025 return 0;
1026 }
1027
1028 if (!ref_freq) {
1029 ref_freq = freq->old;
1030 loops_per_jiffy_ref = boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy;
1031 tsc_khz_ref = tsc_khz;
1032 }
1033
1034 if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE && freq->old < freq->new) ||
1035 (val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new)) {
1036 boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy =
1037 cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
1038
1039 tsc_khz = cpufreq_scale(tsc_khz_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
1040 if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
1041 mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
1042
1043 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, freq->policy->cpu, rdtsc());
1044 }
1045
1046 return 0;
1047}
1048
1049static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
1050 .notifier_call = time_cpufreq_notifier
1051};
1052
1053static int __init cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling(void)
1054{
1055 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1056 return 0;
1057 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1058 return 0;
1059 cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
1060 CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
1061 return 0;
1062}
1063
1064core_initcall(cpufreq_register_tsc_scaling);
1065
1066#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_FREQ */
1067
1068#define ART_CPUID_LEAF (0x15)
1069#define ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR (1)
1070
1071
1072/*
1073 * If ART is present detect the numerator:denominator to convert to TSC
1074 */
1075static void __init detect_art(void)
1076{
1077 unsigned int unused[2];
1078
1079 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level < ART_CPUID_LEAF)
1080 return;
1081
1082 /*
1083 * Don't enable ART in a VM, non-stop TSC and TSC_ADJUST required,
1084 * and the TSC counter resets must not occur asynchronously.
1085 */
1086 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR) ||
1087 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC) ||
1088 !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_ADJUST) ||
1089 tsc_async_resets)
1090 return;
1091
1092 cpuid(ART_CPUID_LEAF, &art_to_tsc_denominator,
1093 &art_to_tsc_numerator, unused, unused+1);
1094
1095 if (art_to_tsc_denominator < ART_MIN_DENOMINATOR)
1096 return;
1097
1098 rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_TSC_ADJUST, art_to_tsc_offset);
1099
1100 /* Make this sticky over multiple CPU init calls */
1101 setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_ART);
1102}
1103
1104
1105/* clocksource code */
1106
1107static void tsc_resume(struct clocksource *cs)
1108{
1109 tsc_verify_tsc_adjust(true);
1110}
1111
1112/*
1113 * We used to compare the TSC to the cycle_last value in the clocksource
1114 * structure to avoid a nasty time-warp. This can be observed in a
1115 * very small window right after one CPU updated cycle_last under
1116 * xtime/vsyscall_gtod lock and the other CPU reads a TSC value which
1117 * is smaller than the cycle_last reference value due to a TSC which
1118 * is slightly behind. This delta is nowhere else observable, but in
1119 * that case it results in a forward time jump in the range of hours
1120 * due to the unsigned delta calculation of the time keeping core
1121 * code, which is necessary to support wrapping clocksources like pm
1122 * timer.
1123 *
1124 * This sanity check is now done in the core timekeeping code.
1125 * checking the result of read_tsc() - cycle_last for being negative.
1126 * That works because CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64) does not mask out any bit.
1127 */
1128static u64 read_tsc(struct clocksource *cs)
1129{
1130 return (u64)rdtsc_ordered();
1131}
1132
1133static void tsc_cs_mark_unstable(struct clocksource *cs)
1134{
1135 if (tsc_unstable)
1136 return;
1137
1138 tsc_unstable = 1;
1139 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1140 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1141 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1142 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to clocksource watchdog\n");
1143}
1144
1145static void tsc_cs_tick_stable(struct clocksource *cs)
1146{
1147 if (tsc_unstable)
1148 return;
1149
1150 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1151 sched_clock_tick_stable();
1152}
1153
1154static int tsc_cs_enable(struct clocksource *cs)
1155{
1156 vclocks_set_used(VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC);
1157 return 0;
1158}
1159
1160/*
1161 * .mask MUST be CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64). See comment above read_tsc()
1162 */
1163static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc_early = {
1164 .name = "tsc-early",
1165 .rating = 299,
1166 .uncertainty_margin = 32 * NSEC_PER_MSEC,
1167 .read = read_tsc,
1168 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1169 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1170 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
1171 .vdso_clock_mode = VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC,
1172 .enable = tsc_cs_enable,
1173 .resume = tsc_resume,
1174 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1175 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1176 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc_early.list),
1177};
1178
1179/*
1180 * Must mark VALID_FOR_HRES early such that when we unregister tsc_early
1181 * this one will immediately take over. We will only register if TSC has
1182 * been found good.
1183 */
1184static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
1185 .name = "tsc",
1186 .rating = 300,
1187 .read = read_tsc,
1188 .mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
1189 .flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
1190 CLOCK_SOURCE_VALID_FOR_HRES |
1191 CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY |
1192 CLOCK_SOURCE_VERIFY_PERCPU,
1193 .vdso_clock_mode = VDSO_CLOCKMODE_TSC,
1194 .enable = tsc_cs_enable,
1195 .resume = tsc_resume,
1196 .mark_unstable = tsc_cs_mark_unstable,
1197 .tick_stable = tsc_cs_tick_stable,
1198 .list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(clocksource_tsc.list),
1199};
1200
1201void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
1202{
1203 if (tsc_unstable)
1204 return;
1205
1206 tsc_unstable = 1;
1207 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1208 clear_sched_clock_stable();
1209 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1210 pr_info("Marking TSC unstable due to %s\n", reason);
1211
1212 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1213 clocksource_mark_unstable(&clocksource_tsc);
1214}
1215
1216EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);
1217
1218static void __init tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog(void)
1219{
1220 clocksource_tsc_early.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1221 clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
1222}
1223
1224bool tsc_clocksource_watchdog_disabled(void)
1225{
1226 return !(clocksource_tsc.flags & CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY) &&
1227 tsc_as_watchdog && !no_tsc_watchdog;
1228}
1229
1230static void __init check_system_tsc_reliable(void)
1231{
1232#if defined(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1) || defined(CONFIG_MGEODE_LX) || defined(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC)
1233 if (is_geode_lx()) {
1234 /* RTSC counts during suspend */
1235#define RTSC_SUSP 0x100
1236 unsigned long res_low, res_high;
1237
1238 rdmsr_safe(MSR_GEODE_BUSCONT_CONF0, &res_low, &res_high);
1239 /* Geode_LX - the OLPC CPU has a very reliable TSC */
1240 if (res_low & RTSC_SUSP)
1241 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1242 }
1243#endif
1244 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_RELIABLE))
1245 tsc_clocksource_reliable = 1;
1246
1247 /*
1248 * Disable the clocksource watchdog when the system has:
1249 * - TSC running at constant frequency
1250 * - TSC which does not stop in C-States
1251 * - the TSC_ADJUST register which allows to detect even minimal
1252 * modifications
1253 * - not more than two sockets. As the number of sockets cannot be
1254 * evaluated at the early boot stage where this has to be
1255 * invoked, check the number of online memory nodes as a
1256 * fallback solution which is an reasonable estimate.
1257 */
1258 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC) &&
1259 boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC) &&
1260 boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_ADJUST) &&
1261 nr_online_nodes <= 4)
1262 tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog();
1263}
1264
1265/*
1266 * Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
1267 * over all CPUs.
1268 */
1269int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
1270{
1271 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || tsc_unstable)
1272 return 1;
1273
1274#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1275 if (apic_is_clustered_box())
1276 return 1;
1277#endif
1278
1279 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
1280 return 0;
1281
1282 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable)
1283 return 0;
1284 /*
1285 * Intel systems are normally all synchronized.
1286 * Exceptions must mark TSC as unstable:
1287 */
1288 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL) {
1289 /* assume multi socket systems are not synchronized: */
1290 if (num_possible_cpus() > 1)
1291 return 1;
1292 }
1293
1294 return 0;
1295}
1296
1297/*
1298 * Convert ART to TSC given numerator/denominator found in detect_art()
1299 */
1300struct system_counterval_t convert_art_to_tsc(u64 art)
1301{
1302 u64 tmp, res, rem;
1303
1304 rem = do_div(art, art_to_tsc_denominator);
1305
1306 res = art * art_to_tsc_numerator;
1307 tmp = rem * art_to_tsc_numerator;
1308
1309 do_div(tmp, art_to_tsc_denominator);
1310 res += tmp + art_to_tsc_offset;
1311
1312 return (struct system_counterval_t) {.cs = art_related_clocksource,
1313 .cycles = res};
1314}
1315EXPORT_SYMBOL(convert_art_to_tsc);
1316
1317/**
1318 * convert_art_ns_to_tsc() - Convert ART in nanoseconds to TSC.
1319 * @art_ns: ART (Always Running Timer) in unit of nanoseconds
1320 *
1321 * PTM requires all timestamps to be in units of nanoseconds. When user
1322 * software requests a cross-timestamp, this function converts system timestamp
1323 * to TSC.
1324 *
1325 * This is valid when CPU feature flag X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ is set
1326 * indicating the tsc_khz is derived from CPUID[15H]. Drivers should check
1327 * that this flag is set before conversion to TSC is attempted.
1328 *
1329 * Return:
1330 * struct system_counterval_t - system counter value with the pointer to the
1331 * corresponding clocksource
1332 * @cycles: System counter value
1333 * @cs: Clocksource corresponding to system counter value. Used
1334 * by timekeeping code to verify comparability of two cycle
1335 * values.
1336 */
1337
1338struct system_counterval_t convert_art_ns_to_tsc(u64 art_ns)
1339{
1340 u64 tmp, res, rem;
1341
1342 rem = do_div(art_ns, USEC_PER_SEC);
1343
1344 res = art_ns * tsc_khz;
1345 tmp = rem * tsc_khz;
1346
1347 do_div(tmp, USEC_PER_SEC);
1348 res += tmp;
1349
1350 return (struct system_counterval_t) { .cs = art_related_clocksource,
1351 .cycles = res};
1352}
1353EXPORT_SYMBOL(convert_art_ns_to_tsc);
1354
1355
1356static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work);
1357static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(tsc_irqwork, tsc_refine_calibration_work);
1358/**
1359 * tsc_refine_calibration_work - Further refine tsc freq calibration
1360 * @work - ignored.
1361 *
1362 * This functions uses delayed work over a period of a
1363 * second to further refine the TSC freq value. Since this is
1364 * timer based, instead of loop based, we don't block the boot
1365 * process while this longer calibration is done.
1366 *
1367 * If there are any calibration anomalies (too many SMIs, etc),
1368 * or the refined calibration is off by 1% of the fast early
1369 * calibration, we throw out the new calibration and use the
1370 * early calibration.
1371 */
1372static void tsc_refine_calibration_work(struct work_struct *work)
1373{
1374 static u64 tsc_start = ULLONG_MAX, ref_start;
1375 static int hpet;
1376 u64 tsc_stop, ref_stop, delta;
1377 unsigned long freq;
1378 int cpu;
1379
1380 /* Don't bother refining TSC on unstable systems */
1381 if (tsc_unstable)
1382 goto unreg;
1383
1384 /*
1385 * Since the work is started early in boot, we may be
1386 * delayed the first time we expire. So set the workqueue
1387 * again once we know timers are working.
1388 */
1389 if (tsc_start == ULLONG_MAX) {
1390restart:
1391 /*
1392 * Only set hpet once, to avoid mixing hardware
1393 * if the hpet becomes enabled later.
1394 */
1395 hpet = is_hpet_enabled();
1396 tsc_start = tsc_read_refs(&ref_start, hpet);
1397 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, HZ);
1398 return;
1399 }
1400
1401 tsc_stop = tsc_read_refs(&ref_stop, hpet);
1402
1403 /* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
1404 if (ref_start == ref_stop)
1405 goto out;
1406
1407 /* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed */
1408 if (tsc_stop == ULLONG_MAX)
1409 goto restart;
1410
1411 delta = tsc_stop - tsc_start;
1412 delta *= 1000000LL;
1413 if (hpet)
1414 freq = calc_hpet_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1415 else
1416 freq = calc_pmtimer_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
1417
1418 /* Will hit this only if tsc_force_recalibrate has been set */
1419 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
1420
1421 /* Warn if the deviation exceeds 500 ppm */
1422 if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > (tsc_khz >> 11)) {
1423 pr_warn("Warning: TSC freq calibrated by CPUID/MSR differs from what is calibrated by HW timer, please check with vendor!!\n");
1424 pr_info("Previous calibrated TSC freq:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1425 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
1426 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
1427 }
1428
1429 pr_info("TSC freq recalibrated by [%s]:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1430 hpet ? "HPET" : "PM_TIMER",
1431 (unsigned long)freq / 1000,
1432 (unsigned long)freq % 1000);
1433
1434 return;
1435 }
1436
1437 /* Make sure we're within 1% */
1438 if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > tsc_khz/100)
1439 goto out;
1440
1441 tsc_khz = freq;
1442 pr_info("Refined TSC clocksource calibration: %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
1443 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
1444 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
1445
1446 /* Inform the TSC deadline clockevent devices about the recalibration */
1447 lapic_update_tsc_freq();
1448
1449 /* Update the sched_clock() rate to match the clocksource one */
1450 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1451 set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, cpu, tsc_stop);
1452
1453out:
1454 if (tsc_unstable)
1455 goto unreg;
1456
1457 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART))
1458 art_related_clocksource = &clocksource_tsc;
1459 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1460unreg:
1461 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1462}
1463
1464
1465static int __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
1466{
1467 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || !tsc_khz)
1468 return 0;
1469
1470 if (tsc_unstable) {
1471 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1472 return 0;
1473 }
1474
1475 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC_S3))
1476 clocksource_tsc.flags |= CLOCK_SOURCE_SUSPEND_NONSTOP;
1477
1478 /*
1479 * When TSC frequency is known (retrieved via MSR or CPUID), we skip
1480 * the refined calibration and directly register it as a clocksource.
1481 */
1482 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
1483 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART))
1484 art_related_clocksource = &clocksource_tsc;
1485 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
1486 clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
1487
1488 if (!tsc_force_recalibrate)
1489 return 0;
1490 }
1491
1492 schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, 0);
1493 return 0;
1494}
1495/*
1496 * We use device_initcall here, to ensure we run after the hpet
1497 * is fully initialized, which may occur at fs_initcall time.
1498 */
1499device_initcall(init_tsc_clocksource);
1500
1501static bool __init determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(bool early)
1502{
1503 /* Make sure that cpu and tsc are not already calibrated */
1504 WARN_ON(cpu_khz || tsc_khz);
1505
1506 if (early) {
1507 cpu_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_cpu();
1508 if (tsc_early_khz)
1509 tsc_khz = tsc_early_khz;
1510 else
1511 tsc_khz = x86_platform.calibrate_tsc();
1512 } else {
1513 /* We should not be here with non-native cpu calibration */
1514 WARN_ON(x86_platform.calibrate_cpu != native_calibrate_cpu);
1515 cpu_khz = pit_hpet_ptimer_calibrate_cpu();
1516 }
1517
1518 /*
1519 * Trust non-zero tsc_khz as authoritative,
1520 * and use it to sanity check cpu_khz,
1521 * which will be off if system timer is off.
1522 */
1523 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1524 tsc_khz = cpu_khz;
1525 else if (abs(cpu_khz - tsc_khz) * 10 > tsc_khz)
1526 cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
1527
1528 if (tsc_khz == 0)
1529 return false;
1530
1531 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor\n",
1532 (unsigned long)cpu_khz / KHZ,
1533 (unsigned long)cpu_khz % KHZ);
1534
1535 if (cpu_khz != tsc_khz) {
1536 pr_info("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz TSC",
1537 (unsigned long)tsc_khz / KHZ,
1538 (unsigned long)tsc_khz % KHZ);
1539 }
1540 return true;
1541}
1542
1543static unsigned long __init get_loops_per_jiffy(void)
1544{
1545 u64 lpj = (u64)tsc_khz * KHZ;
1546
1547 do_div(lpj, HZ);
1548 return lpj;
1549}
1550
1551static void __init tsc_enable_sched_clock(void)
1552{
1553 loops_per_jiffy = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1554 use_tsc_delay();
1555
1556 /* Sanitize TSC ADJUST before cyc2ns gets initialized */
1557 tsc_store_and_check_tsc_adjust(true);
1558 cyc2ns_init_boot_cpu();
1559 static_branch_enable(&__use_tsc);
1560}
1561
1562void __init tsc_early_init(void)
1563{
1564 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC))
1565 return;
1566 /* Don't change UV TSC multi-chassis synchronization */
1567 if (is_early_uv_system())
1568 return;
1569 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(true))
1570 return;
1571 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1572}
1573
1574void __init tsc_init(void)
1575{
1576 if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) {
1577 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1578 return;
1579 }
1580
1581 /*
1582 * native_calibrate_cpu_early can only calibrate using methods that are
1583 * available early in boot.
1584 */
1585 if (x86_platform.calibrate_cpu == native_calibrate_cpu_early)
1586 x86_platform.calibrate_cpu = native_calibrate_cpu;
1587
1588 if (!tsc_khz) {
1589 /* We failed to determine frequencies earlier, try again */
1590 if (!determine_cpu_tsc_frequencies(false)) {
1591 mark_tsc_unstable("could not calculate TSC khz");
1592 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER);
1593 return;
1594 }
1595 tsc_enable_sched_clock();
1596 }
1597
1598 cyc2ns_init_secondary_cpus();
1599
1600 if (!no_sched_irq_time)
1601 enable_sched_clock_irqtime();
1602
1603 lpj_fine = get_loops_per_jiffy();
1604
1605 check_system_tsc_reliable();
1606
1607 if (unsynchronized_tsc()) {
1608 mark_tsc_unstable("TSCs unsynchronized");
1609 return;
1610 }
1611
1612 if (tsc_clocksource_reliable || no_tsc_watchdog)
1613 tsc_disable_clocksource_watchdog();
1614
1615 clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc_early, tsc_khz);
1616 detect_art();
1617}
1618
1619#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1620/*
1621 * Check whether existing calibration data can be reused.
1622 */
1623unsigned long calibrate_delay_is_known(void)
1624{
1625 int sibling, cpu = smp_processor_id();
1626 int constant_tsc = cpu_has(&cpu_data(cpu), X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC);
1627 const struct cpumask *mask = topology_core_cpumask(cpu);
1628
1629 /*
1630 * If TSC has constant frequency and TSC is synchronized across
1631 * sockets then reuse CPU0 calibration.
1632 */
1633 if (constant_tsc && !tsc_unstable)
1634 return cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy;
1635
1636 /*
1637 * If TSC has constant frequency and TSC is not synchronized across
1638 * sockets and this is not the first CPU in the socket, then reuse
1639 * the calibration value of an already online CPU on that socket.
1640 *
1641 * This assumes that CONSTANT_TSC is consistent for all CPUs in a
1642 * socket.
1643 */
1644 if (!constant_tsc || !mask)
1645 return 0;
1646
1647 sibling = cpumask_any_but(mask, cpu);
1648 if (sibling < nr_cpu_ids)
1649 return cpu_data(sibling).loops_per_jiffy;
1650 return 0;
1651}
1652#endif