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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2/*
3 * RCU CPU stall warnings for normal RCU grace periods
4 *
5 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2019
6 *
7 * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8 */
9
10#include <linux/console.h>
11#include <linux/kvm_para.h>
12#include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
13#include <linux/smp.h>
14
15//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
16//
17// Controlling CPU stall warnings, including delay calculation.
18
19/* panic() on RCU Stall sysctl. */
20int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall __read_mostly;
21int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic __read_mostly;
22
23#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
24#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA (5 * HZ)
25#else
26#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA 0
27#endif
28#define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV 8
29#define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN (2 * HZ)
30
31int rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
32{
33 int cpu_stall_timeout = READ_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout);
34 int exp_stall_delay_delta = 0;
35 int till_stall_check;
36
37 // Zero says to use rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, but in milliseconds.
38 if (!cpu_stall_timeout)
39 cpu_stall_timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check());
40
41 // Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits for
42 // CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT, so check the allowed range.
43 // The minimum clamped value is "2UL", because at least one full
44 // tick has to be guaranteed.
45 till_stall_check = clamp(msecs_to_jiffies(cpu_stall_timeout), 2UL, 300UL * HZ);
46
47 if (cpu_stall_timeout && jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check) != cpu_stall_timeout)
48 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout, jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check));
49
50#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
51 /* Add extra ~25% out of till_stall_check. */
52 exp_stall_delay_delta = ((till_stall_check * 25) / 100) + 1;
53#endif
54
55 return till_stall_check + exp_stall_delay_delta;
56}
57EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check);
58
59/* Limit-check stall timeouts specified at boottime and runtime. */
60int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
61{
62 int till_stall_check = READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout);
63
64 /*
65 * Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits
66 * for CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT.
67 */
68 if (till_stall_check < 3) {
69 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 3);
70 till_stall_check = 3;
71 } else if (till_stall_check > 300) {
72 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 300);
73 till_stall_check = 300;
74 }
75 return till_stall_check * HZ + RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA;
76}
77EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check);
78
79/* Don't do RCU CPU stall warnings during long sysrq printouts. */
80void rcu_sysrq_start(void)
81{
82 if (!rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
83 rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 2;
84}
85
86void rcu_sysrq_end(void)
87{
88 if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress == 2)
89 rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 0;
90}
91
92/* Don't print RCU CPU stall warnings during a kernel panic. */
93static int rcu_panic(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long ev, void *ptr)
94{
95 rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 1;
96 return NOTIFY_DONE;
97}
98
99static struct notifier_block rcu_panic_block = {
100 .notifier_call = rcu_panic,
101};
102
103static int __init check_cpu_stall_init(void)
104{
105 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &rcu_panic_block);
106 return 0;
107}
108early_initcall(check_cpu_stall_init);
109
110/* If so specified via sysctl, panic, yielding cleaner stall-warning output. */
111static void panic_on_rcu_stall(void)
112{
113 static int cpu_stall;
114
115 if (++cpu_stall < sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic)
116 return;
117
118 if (sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall)
119 panic("RCU Stall\n");
120}
121
122/**
123 * rcu_cpu_stall_reset - restart stall-warning timeout for current grace period
124 *
125 * To perform the reset request from the caller, disable stall detection until
126 * 3 fqs loops have passed. This is required to ensure a fresh jiffies is
127 * loaded. It should be safe to do from the fqs loop as enough timer
128 * interrupts and context switches should have passed.
129 *
130 * The caller must disable hard irqs.
131 */
132void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void)
133{
134 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 3);
135 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, ULONG_MAX);
136}
137
138//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
139//
140// Interaction with RCU grace periods
141
142/* Start of new grace period, so record stall time (and forcing times). */
143static void record_gp_stall_check_time(void)
144{
145 unsigned long j = jiffies;
146 unsigned long j1;
147
148 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start, j);
149 j1 = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
150 smp_mb(); // ->gp_start before ->jiffies_stall and caller's ->gp_seq.
151 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 0);
152 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, j + j1);
153 rcu_state.jiffies_resched = j + j1 / 2;
154 rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.n_force_qs);
155}
156
157/* Zero ->ticks_this_gp and snapshot the number of RCU softirq handlers. */
158static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp)
159{
160 rdp->ticks_this_gp = 0;
161 rdp->softirq_snap = kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, smp_processor_id());
162 WRITE_ONCE(rdp->last_fqs_resched, jiffies);
163}
164
165/*
166 * If too much time has passed in the current grace period, and if
167 * so configured, go kick the relevant kthreads.
168 */
169static void rcu_stall_kick_kthreads(void)
170{
171 unsigned long j;
172
173 if (!READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads))
174 return;
175 j = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads);
176 if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rcu_state.gp_kthread &&
177 (rcu_gp_in_progress() || READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags))) {
178 WARN_ONCE(1, "Kicking %s grace-period kthread\n",
179 rcu_state.name);
180 rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
181 wake_up_process(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
182 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads, j + HZ);
183 }
184}
185
186/*
187 * Handler for the irq_work request posted about halfway into the RCU CPU
188 * stall timeout, and used to detect excessive irq disabling. Set state
189 * appropriately, but just complain if there is unexpected state on entry.
190 */
191static void rcu_iw_handler(struct irq_work *iwp)
192{
193 struct rcu_data *rdp;
194 struct rcu_node *rnp;
195
196 rdp = container_of(iwp, struct rcu_data, rcu_iw);
197 rnp = rdp->mynode;
198 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
199 if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->rcu_iw_pending)) {
200 rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq = rnp->gp_seq;
201 rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
202 }
203 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
204}
205
206//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
207//
208// Printing RCU CPU stall warnings
209
210#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
211
212/*
213 * Dump detailed information for all tasks blocking the current RCU
214 * grace period on the specified rcu_node structure.
215 */
216static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
217{
218 unsigned long flags;
219 struct task_struct *t;
220
221 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
222 if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
223 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
224 return;
225 }
226 t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
227 struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
228 list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
229 /*
230 * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.
231 * Avoid triggering hard lockup.
232 */
233 touch_nmi_watchdog();
234 sched_show_task(t);
235 }
236 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
237}
238
239// Communicate task state back to the RCU CPU stall warning request.
240struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr {
241 int nesting;
242 union rcu_special rs;
243 bool on_blkd_list;
244};
245
246/*
247 * Report out the state of a not-running task that is stalling the
248 * current RCU grace period.
249 */
250static int check_slow_task(struct task_struct *t, void *arg)
251{
252 struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr *rscrp = arg;
253
254 if (task_curr(t))
255 return -EBUSY; // It is running, so decline to inspect it.
256 rscrp->nesting = t->rcu_read_lock_nesting;
257 rscrp->rs = t->rcu_read_unlock_special;
258 rscrp->on_blkd_list = !list_empty(&t->rcu_node_entry);
259 return 0;
260}
261
262/*
263 * Scan the current list of tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical
264 * sections, printing out the tid of each of the first few of them.
265 */
266static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
267 __releases(rnp->lock)
268{
269 int i = 0;
270 int ndetected = 0;
271 struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr rscr;
272 struct task_struct *t;
273 struct task_struct *ts[8];
274
275 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
276 if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
277 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
278 return 0;
279 }
280 pr_err("\tTasks blocked on level-%d rcu_node (CPUs %d-%d):",
281 rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi);
282 t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
283 struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
284 list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
285 get_task_struct(t);
286 ts[i++] = t;
287 if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ts))
288 break;
289 }
290 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
291 while (i) {
292 t = ts[--i];
293 if (task_call_func(t, check_slow_task, &rscr))
294 pr_cont(" P%d", t->pid);
295 else
296 pr_cont(" P%d/%d:%c%c%c%c",
297 t->pid, rscr.nesting,
298 ".b"[rscr.rs.b.blocked],
299 ".q"[rscr.rs.b.need_qs],
300 ".e"[rscr.rs.b.exp_hint],
301 ".l"[rscr.on_blkd_list]);
302 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
303 put_task_struct(t);
304 ndetected++;
305 }
306 pr_cont("\n");
307 return ndetected;
308}
309
310#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
311
312/*
313 * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
314 * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
315 */
316static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
317{
318}
319
320/*
321 * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
322 * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
323 */
324static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
325 __releases(rnp->lock)
326{
327 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
328 return 0;
329}
330#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
331
332/*
333 * Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs. First try using
334 * NMIs, but fall back to manual remote stack tracing on architectures
335 * that don't support NMI-based stack dumps. The NMI-triggered stack
336 * traces are more accurate because they are printed by the target CPU.
337 */
338static void rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(unsigned long gp_seq)
339{
340 int cpu;
341 unsigned long flags;
342 struct rcu_node *rnp;
343
344 rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
345 printk_deferred_enter();
346 for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
347 if (gp_seq != data_race(rcu_state.gp_seq)) {
348 printk_deferred_exit();
349 pr_err("INFO: Stall ended during stack backtracing.\n");
350 return;
351 }
352 if (!(data_race(rnp->qsmask) & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)))
353 continue;
354 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
355 if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
356 if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
357 pr_err("Offline CPU %d blocking current GP.\n", cpu);
358 else
359 dump_cpu_task(cpu);
360 }
361 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
362 }
363 printk_deferred_exit();
364 }
365}
366
367static const char * const gp_state_names[] = {
368 [RCU_GP_IDLE] = "RCU_GP_IDLE",
369 [RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS",
370 [RCU_GP_DONE_GPS] = "RCU_GP_DONE_GPS",
371 [RCU_GP_ONOFF] = "RCU_GP_ONOFF",
372 [RCU_GP_INIT] = "RCU_GP_INIT",
373 [RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS",
374 [RCU_GP_DOING_FQS] = "RCU_GP_DOING_FQS",
375 [RCU_GP_CLEANUP] = "RCU_GP_CLEANUP",
376 [RCU_GP_CLEANED] = "RCU_GP_CLEANED",
377};
378
379/*
380 * Convert a ->gp_state value to a character string.
381 */
382static const char *gp_state_getname(short gs)
383{
384 if (gs < 0 || gs >= ARRAY_SIZE(gp_state_names))
385 return "???";
386 return gp_state_names[gs];
387}
388
389/* Is the RCU grace-period kthread being starved of CPU time? */
390static bool rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(unsigned long *jp)
391{
392 unsigned long j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity);
393
394 if (jp)
395 *jp = j;
396 return j > 2 * HZ;
397}
398
399static bool rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(struct rcu_data *rdp, unsigned long *jp)
400{
401 int cpu;
402 struct task_struct *rcuc;
403 unsigned long j;
404
405 rcuc = rdp->rcu_cpu_kthread_task;
406 if (!rcuc)
407 return false;
408
409 cpu = task_cpu(rcuc);
410 if (cpu_is_offline(cpu) || idle_cpu(cpu))
411 return false;
412
413 j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rdp->rcuc_activity);
414
415 if (jp)
416 *jp = j;
417 return j > 2 * HZ;
418}
419
420static void print_cpu_stat_info(int cpu)
421{
422 struct rcu_snap_record rsr, *rsrp;
423 struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
424 struct kernel_cpustat *kcsp = &kcpustat_cpu(cpu);
425
426 if (!rcu_cpu_stall_cputime)
427 return;
428
429 rsrp = &rdp->snap_record;
430 if (rsrp->gp_seq != rdp->gp_seq)
431 return;
432
433 rsr.cputime_irq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_IRQ, cpu);
434 rsr.cputime_softirq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SOFTIRQ, cpu);
435 rsr.cputime_system = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SYSTEM, cpu);
436
437 pr_err("\t hardirqs softirqs csw/system\n");
438 pr_err("\t number: %8ld %10d %12lld\n",
439 kstat_cpu_irqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_hardirqs,
440 kstat_cpu_softirqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_softirqs,
441 nr_context_switches_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_csw);
442 pr_err("\tcputime: %8lld %10lld %12lld ==> %d(ms)\n",
443 div_u64(rsr.cputime_irq - rsrp->cputime_irq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
444 div_u64(rsr.cputime_softirq - rsrp->cputime_softirq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
445 div_u64(rsr.cputime_system - rsrp->cputime_system, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
446 jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - rsrp->jiffies));
447}
448
449/*
450 * Print out diagnostic information for the specified stalled CPU.
451 *
452 * If the specified CPU is aware of the current RCU grace period, then
453 * print the number of scheduling clock interrupts the CPU has taken
454 * during the time that it has been aware. Otherwise, print the number
455 * of RCU grace periods that this CPU is ignorant of, for example, "1"
456 * if the CPU was aware of the previous grace period.
457 *
458 * Also print out idle info.
459 */
460static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
461{
462 unsigned long delta;
463 bool falsepositive;
464 struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
465 char *ticks_title;
466 unsigned long ticks_value;
467 bool rcuc_starved;
468 unsigned long j;
469 char buf[32];
470
471 /*
472 * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock. Avoid
473 * triggering hard lockup.
474 */
475 touch_nmi_watchdog();
476
477 ticks_value = rcu_seq_ctr(rcu_state.gp_seq - rdp->gp_seq);
478 if (ticks_value) {
479 ticks_title = "GPs behind";
480 } else {
481 ticks_title = "ticks this GP";
482 ticks_value = rdp->ticks_this_gp;
483 }
484 delta = rcu_seq_ctr(rdp->mynode->gp_seq - rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq);
485 falsepositive = rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(NULL) &&
486 rcu_watching_snap_in_eqs(ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu));
487 rcuc_starved = rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(rdp, &j);
488 if (rcuc_starved)
489 // Print signed value, as negative values indicate a probable bug.
490 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " rcuc=%ld jiffies(starved)", j);
491 pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%04x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
492 cpu,
493 "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
494 "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
495 "N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)],
496 !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) ? '?' :
497 rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
498 "!."[!delta],
499 ticks_value, ticks_title,
500 ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu) & 0xffff,
501 ct_nesting_cpu(cpu), ct_nmi_nesting_cpu(cpu),
502 rdp->softirq_snap, kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, cpu),
503 data_race(rcu_state.n_force_qs) - rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart,
504 rcuc_starved ? buf : "",
505 falsepositive ? " (false positive?)" : "");
506
507 print_cpu_stat_info(cpu);
508}
509
510/* Complain about starvation of grace-period kthread. */
511static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation(void)
512{
513 int cpu;
514 struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
515 unsigned long j;
516
517 if (rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(&j)) {
518 cpu = gpk ? task_cpu(gpk) : -1;
519 pr_err("%s kthread starved for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x ->cpu=%d\n",
520 rcu_state.name, j,
521 (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
522 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)),
523 gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
524 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
525 gpk ? data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)) : ~0, cpu);
526 if (gpk) {
527 struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
528
529 pr_err("\tUnless %s kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.\n", rcu_state.name);
530 pr_err("RCU grace-period kthread stack dump:\n");
531 sched_show_task(gpk);
532 if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {
533 pr_err("RCU GP kthread last ran on offline CPU %d.\n", cpu);
534 } else if (!(data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->mynode->qsmask)) & rdp->grpmask)) {
535 pr_err("Stack dump where RCU GP kthread last ran:\n");
536 dump_cpu_task(cpu);
537 }
538 wake_up_process(gpk);
539 }
540 }
541}
542
543/* Complain about missing wakeups from expired fqs wait timer */
544static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer(void)
545{
546 struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
547 short gp_state;
548 unsigned long jiffies_fqs;
549 int cpu;
550
551 /*
552 * Order reads of .gp_state and .jiffies_force_qs.
553 * Matching smp_wmb() is present in rcu_gp_fqs_loop().
554 */
555 gp_state = smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_state);
556 jiffies_fqs = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_force_qs);
557
558 if (gp_state == RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS &&
559 time_after(jiffies, jiffies_fqs + RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN) &&
560 gpk && !READ_ONCE(gpk->on_rq)) {
561 cpu = task_cpu(gpk);
562 pr_err("%s kthread timer wakeup didn't happen for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x\n",
563 rcu_state.name, (jiffies - jiffies_fqs),
564 (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
565 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)), // Diagnostic read
566 gp_state_getname(RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS), RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS,
567 data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)));
568 pr_err("\tPossible timer handling issue on cpu=%d timer-softirq=%u\n",
569 cpu, kstat_softirqs_cpu(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, cpu));
570 }
571}
572
573static void print_other_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
574{
575 int cpu;
576 unsigned long flags;
577 unsigned long gpa;
578 unsigned long j;
579 int ndetected = 0;
580 struct rcu_node *rnp;
581 long totqlen = 0;
582
583 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
584
585 /* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
586 rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
587 if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
588 return;
589
590 nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
591
592 /*
593 * OK, time to rat on our buddy...
594 * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
595 * RCU CPU stall warnings.
596 */
597 trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("StallDetected"));
598 pr_err("INFO: %s detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:\n", rcu_state.name);
599 rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
600 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
601 if (rnp->qsmask != 0) {
602 for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
603 if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
604 print_cpu_stall_info(cpu);
605 ndetected++;
606 }
607 }
608 ndetected += rcu_print_task_stall(rnp, flags); // Releases rnp->lock.
609 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
610 }
611
612 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
613 totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
614 pr_err("\t(detected by %d, t=%ld jiffies, g=%ld, q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
615 smp_processor_id(), (long)(jiffies - gps),
616 (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
617 data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
618 if (ndetected) {
619 rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);
620
621 /* Complain about tasks blocking the grace period. */
622 rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp)
623 rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(rnp);
624 } else {
625 if (rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq) != gp_seq) {
626 pr_err("INFO: Stall ended before state dump start\n");
627 } else {
628 j = jiffies;
629 gpa = data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
630 pr_err("All QSes seen, last %s kthread activity %ld (%ld-%ld), jiffies_till_next_fqs=%ld, root ->qsmask %#lx\n",
631 rcu_state.name, j - gpa, j, gpa,
632 data_race(READ_ONCE(jiffies_till_next_fqs)),
633 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->qsmask)));
634 }
635 }
636 /* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
637 if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
638 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
639 jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
640
641 rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
642 rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
643
644 nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
645
646 panic_on_rcu_stall();
647
648 rcu_force_quiescent_state(); /* Kick them all. */
649}
650
651static void print_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
652{
653 int cpu;
654 unsigned long flags;
655 struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
656 struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root();
657 long totqlen = 0;
658
659 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
660
661 /* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
662 rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
663 if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
664 return;
665
666 nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
667
668 /*
669 * OK, time to rat on ourselves...
670 * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
671 * RCU CPU stall warnings.
672 */
673 trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("SelfDetected"));
674 pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU\n", rcu_state.name);
675 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
676 print_cpu_stall_info(smp_processor_id());
677 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
678 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
679 totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
680 pr_err("\t(t=%lu jiffies g=%ld q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
681 jiffies - gps,
682 (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
683 data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
684
685 rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
686 rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
687
688 rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);
689
690 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
691 /* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
692 if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
693 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
694 jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
695 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
696
697 nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
698
699 panic_on_rcu_stall();
700
701 /*
702 * Attempt to revive the RCU machinery by forcing a context switch.
703 *
704 * A context switch would normally allow the RCU state machine to make
705 * progress and it could be we're stuck in kernel space without context
706 * switches for an entirely unreasonable amount of time.
707 */
708 set_tsk_need_resched(current);
709 set_preempt_need_resched();
710}
711
712static bool csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall;
713module_param(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall, bool, 0644);
714
715static void check_cpu_stall(struct rcu_data *rdp)
716{
717 bool self_detected;
718 unsigned long gs1;
719 unsigned long gs2;
720 unsigned long gps;
721 unsigned long j;
722 unsigned long jn;
723 unsigned long js;
724 struct rcu_node *rnp;
725
726 lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
727 if ((rcu_stall_is_suppressed() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads)) ||
728 !rcu_gp_in_progress())
729 return;
730 rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
731
732 /*
733 * Check if it was requested (via rcu_cpu_stall_reset()) that the FQS
734 * loop has to set jiffies to ensure a non-stale jiffies value. This
735 * is required to have good jiffies value after coming out of long
736 * breaks of jiffies updates. Not doing so can cause false positives.
737 */
738 if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall) > 0)
739 return;
740
741 j = jiffies;
742
743 /*
744 * Lots of memory barriers to reject false positives.
745 *
746 * The idea is to pick up rcu_state.gp_seq, then
747 * rcu_state.jiffies_stall, then rcu_state.gp_start, and finally
748 * another copy of rcu_state.gp_seq. These values are updated in
749 * the opposite order with memory barriers (or equivalent) during
750 * grace-period initialization and cleanup. Now, a false positive
751 * can occur if we get an new value of rcu_state.gp_start and a old
752 * value of rcu_state.jiffies_stall. But given the memory barriers,
753 * the only way that this can happen is if one grace period ends
754 * and another starts between these two fetches. This is detected
755 * by comparing the second fetch of rcu_state.gp_seq with the
756 * previous fetch from rcu_state.gp_seq.
757 *
758 * Given this check, comparisons of jiffies, rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
759 * and rcu_state.gp_start suffice to forestall false positives.
760 */
761 gs1 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
762 smp_rmb(); /* Pick up ->gp_seq first... */
763 js = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall);
764 smp_rmb(); /* ...then ->jiffies_stall before the rest... */
765 gps = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start);
766 smp_rmb(); /* ...and finally ->gp_start before ->gp_seq again. */
767 gs2 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
768 if (gs1 != gs2 ||
769 ULONG_CMP_LT(j, js) ||
770 ULONG_CMP_GE(gps, js) ||
771 !rcu_seq_state(gs2))
772 return; /* No stall or GP completed since entering function. */
773 rnp = rdp->mynode;
774 jn = jiffies + ULONG_MAX / 2;
775 self_detected = READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask) & rdp->grpmask;
776 if (rcu_gp_in_progress() &&
777 (self_detected || ULONG_CMP_GE(j, js + RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY)) &&
778 cmpxchg(&rcu_state.jiffies_stall, js, jn) == js) {
779 /*
780 * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
781 * the watchdog like an RCU stall. Check to see if the host
782 * stopped the vm.
783 */
784 if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
785 return;
786
787 rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM, (void *)j - gps);
788 if (READ_ONCE(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall) && csd_lock_is_stuck()) {
789 pr_err("INFO: %s detected stall, but suppressed full report due to a stuck CSD-lock.\n", rcu_state.name);
790 } else if (self_detected) {
791 /* We haven't checked in, so go dump stack. */
792 print_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
793 } else {
794 /* They had a few time units to dump stack, so complain. */
795 print_other_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
796 }
797
798 if (READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump))
799 rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
800
801 if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall) == jn) {
802 jn = jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
803 WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, jn);
804 }
805 }
806}
807
808//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
809//
810// RCU forward-progress mechanisms, including for callback invocation.
811
812
813/*
814 * Check to see if a failure to end RCU priority inversion was due to
815 * a CPU not passing through a quiescent state. When this happens, there
816 * is nothing that RCU priority boosting can do to help, so we shouldn't
817 * count this as an RCU priority boosting failure. A return of true says
818 * RCU priority boosting is to blame, and false says otherwise. If false
819 * is returned, the first of the CPUs to blame is stored through cpup.
820 * If there was no CPU blocking the current grace period, but also nothing
821 * in need of being boosted, *cpup is set to -1. This can happen in case
822 * of vCPU preemption while the last CPU is reporting its quiscent state,
823 * for example.
824 *
825 * If cpup is NULL, then a lockless quick check is carried out, suitable
826 * for high-rate usage. On the other hand, if cpup is non-NULL, each
827 * rcu_node structure's ->lock is acquired, ruling out high-rate usage.
828 */
829bool rcu_check_boost_fail(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup)
830{
831 bool atb = false;
832 int cpu;
833 unsigned long flags;
834 struct rcu_node *rnp;
835
836 rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
837 if (!cpup) {
838 if (data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask))) {
839 return false;
840 } else {
841 if (READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))
842 atb = true;
843 continue;
844 }
845 }
846 *cpup = -1;
847 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
848 if (rnp->gp_tasks)
849 atb = true;
850 if (!rnp->qsmask) {
851 // No CPUs without quiescent states for this rnp.
852 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
853 continue;
854 }
855 // Find the first holdout CPU.
856 for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
857 if (rnp->qsmask & (1UL << (cpu - rnp->grplo))) {
858 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
859 *cpup = cpu;
860 return false;
861 }
862 }
863 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
864 }
865 // Can't blame CPUs, so must blame RCU priority boosting.
866 return atb;
867}
868EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_check_boost_fail);
869
870/*
871 * Show the state of the grace-period kthreads.
872 */
873void show_rcu_gp_kthreads(void)
874{
875 unsigned long cbs = 0;
876 int cpu;
877 unsigned long j;
878 unsigned long ja;
879 unsigned long jr;
880 unsigned long js;
881 unsigned long jw;
882 struct rcu_data *rdp;
883 struct rcu_node *rnp;
884 struct task_struct *t = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
885
886 j = jiffies;
887 ja = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
888 jr = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity));
889 js = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start));
890 jw = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_time));
891 pr_info("%s: wait state: %s(%d) ->state: %#x ->rt_priority %u delta ->gp_start %lu ->gp_activity %lu ->gp_req_activity %lu ->gp_wake_time %lu ->gp_wake_seq %ld ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->gp_max %lu ->gp_flags %#x\n",
892 rcu_state.name, gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
893 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
894 t ? data_race(READ_ONCE(t->__state)) : 0x1ffff, t ? t->rt_priority : 0xffU,
895 js, ja, jr, jw, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_seq)),
896 (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq)),
897 (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->gp_seq_needed)),
898 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_max)),
899 data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)));
900 rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rnp) {
901 if (ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq), READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)) &&
902 !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks)) &&
903 !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks)))
904 continue;
905 pr_info("\trcu_node %d:%d ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->qsmask %#lx %c%c%c%c ->n_boosts %ld\n",
906 rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
907 (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq)),
908 (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)),
909 data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)),
910 ".b"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_kthread_task))],
911 ".B"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks))],
912 ".E"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks))],
913 ".G"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))],
914 data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->n_boosts)));
915 if (!rcu_is_leaf_node(rnp))
916 continue;
917 for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
918 rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
919 if (READ_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap) ||
920 ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq),
921 READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)))
922 continue;
923 pr_info("\tcpu %d ->gp_seq_needed %ld\n",
924 cpu, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)));
925 }
926 }
927 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
928 rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
929 cbs += data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->n_cbs_invoked));
930 if (rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded(&rdp->cblist))
931 show_rcu_nocb_state(rdp);
932 }
933 pr_info("RCU callbacks invoked since boot: %lu\n", cbs);
934 show_rcu_tasks_gp_kthreads();
935}
936EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(show_rcu_gp_kthreads);
937
938/*
939 * This function checks for grace-period requests that fail to motivate
940 * RCU to come out of its idle mode.
941 */
942static void rcu_check_gp_start_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
943 const unsigned long gpssdelay)
944{
945 unsigned long flags;
946 unsigned long j;
947 struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root();
948 static atomic_t warned = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
949
950 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) || rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
951 ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
952 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
953 !smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_kthread)) // Get stable kthread.
954 return;
955 j = jiffies; /* Expensive access, and in common case don't get here. */
956 if (time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
957 time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
958 atomic_read(&warned))
959 return;
960
961 raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
962 j = jiffies;
963 if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
964 ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
965 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
966 time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
967 time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
968 atomic_read(&warned)) {
969 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
970 return;
971 }
972 /* Hold onto the leaf lock to make others see warned==1. */
973
974 if (rnp_root != rnp)
975 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp_root); /* irqs already disabled. */
976 j = jiffies;
977 if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
978 ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
979 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
980 time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
981 time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
982 atomic_xchg(&warned, 1)) {
983 if (rnp_root != rnp)
984 /* irqs remain disabled. */
985 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
986 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
987 return;
988 }
989 WARN_ON(1);
990 if (rnp_root != rnp)
991 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
992 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
993 show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
994}
995
996/*
997 * Do a forward-progress check for rcutorture. This is normally invoked
998 * due to an OOM event. The argument "j" gives the time period during
999 * which rcutorture would like progress to have been made.
1000 */
1001void rcu_fwd_progress_check(unsigned long j)
1002{
1003 unsigned long cbs;
1004 int cpu;
1005 unsigned long max_cbs = 0;
1006 int max_cpu = -1;
1007 struct rcu_data *rdp;
1008
1009 if (rcu_gp_in_progress()) {
1010 pr_info("%s: GP age %lu jiffies\n",
1011 __func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start)));
1012 show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1013 } else {
1014 pr_info("%s: Last GP end %lu jiffies ago\n",
1015 __func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_end)));
1016 preempt_disable();
1017 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
1018 rcu_check_gp_start_stall(rdp->mynode, rdp, j);
1019 preempt_enable();
1020 }
1021 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1022 cbs = rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
1023 if (!cbs)
1024 continue;
1025 if (max_cpu < 0)
1026 pr_info("%s: callbacks", __func__);
1027 pr_cont(" %d: %lu", cpu, cbs);
1028 if (cbs <= max_cbs)
1029 continue;
1030 max_cbs = cbs;
1031 max_cpu = cpu;
1032 }
1033 if (max_cpu >= 0)
1034 pr_cont("\n");
1035}
1036EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_fwd_progress_check);
1037
1038/* Commandeer a sysrq key to dump RCU's tree. */
1039static bool sysrq_rcu;
1040module_param(sysrq_rcu, bool, 0444);
1041
1042/* Dump grace-period-request information due to commandeered sysrq. */
1043static void sysrq_show_rcu(u8 key)
1044{
1045 show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1046}
1047
1048static const struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_rcudump_op = {
1049 .handler = sysrq_show_rcu,
1050 .help_msg = "show-rcu(y)",
1051 .action_msg = "Show RCU tree",
1052 .enable_mask = SYSRQ_ENABLE_DUMP,
1053};
1054
1055static int __init rcu_sysrq_init(void)
1056{
1057 if (sysrq_rcu)
1058 return register_sysrq_key('y', &sysrq_rcudump_op);
1059 return 0;
1060}
1061early_initcall(rcu_sysrq_init);
1062
1063#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER
1064
1065//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1066//
1067// RCU CPU stall-warning notifiers
1068
1069static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list);
1070
1071/**
1072 * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register - Add an RCU CPU stall notifier
1073 * @n: Entry to add.
1074 *
1075 * Adds an RCU CPU stall notifier to an atomic notifier chain.
1076 * The @action passed to a notifier will be @RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM or
1077 * friends. The @data will be the duration of the stalled grace period,
1078 * in jiffies, coerced to a void* pointer.
1079 *
1080 * Returns 0 on success, %-EEXIST on error.
1081 */
1082int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(struct notifier_block *n)
1083{
1084 int rcsn = rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers;
1085
1086 WARN(1, "Adding %pS() to RCU stall notifier list (%s).\n", n->notifier_call,
1087 rcsn ? "possibly suppressing RCU CPU stall warnings" : "failed, so all is well");
1088 if (rcsn)
1089 return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
1090 return -EEXIST;
1091}
1092EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register);
1093
1094/**
1095 * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister - Remove an RCU CPU stall notifier
1096 * @n: Entry to add.
1097 *
1098 * Removes an RCU CPU stall notifier from an atomic notifier chain.
1099 *
1100 * Returns zero on success, %-ENOENT on failure.
1101 */
1102int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(struct notifier_block *n)
1103{
1104 return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
1105}
1106EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister);
1107
1108/*
1109 * rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in an RCU CPU stall notifier chain
1110 * @val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
1111 * @v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
1112 *
1113 * Calls each function in the RCU CPU stall notifier chain in turn, which
1114 * is an atomic call chain. See atomic_notifier_call_chain() for more
1115 * information.
1116 *
1117 * This is for use within RCU, hence the omission of the extra asterisk
1118 * to indicate a non-kerneldoc format header comment.
1119 */
1120int rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(unsigned long val, void *v)
1121{
1122 return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, val, v);
1123}
1124
1125#endif // #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER