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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2/*
3 * Architecture specific (i386/x86_64) functions for kexec based crash dumps.
4 *
5 * Created by: Hariprasad Nellitheertha (hari@in.ibm.com)
6 *
7 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2004. All rights reserved.
8 * Copyright (C) Red Hat Inc., 2014. All rights reserved.
9 * Authors:
10 * Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
11 *
12 */
13
14#define pr_fmt(fmt) "kexec: " fmt
15
16#include <linux/types.h>
17#include <linux/kernel.h>
18#include <linux/smp.h>
19#include <linux/reboot.h>
20#include <linux/kexec.h>
21#include <linux/delay.h>
22#include <linux/elf.h>
23#include <linux/elfcore.h>
24#include <linux/export.h>
25#include <linux/slab.h>
26#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
27#include <linux/memblock.h>
28
29#include <asm/bootparam.h>
30#include <asm/processor.h>
31#include <asm/hardirq.h>
32#include <asm/nmi.h>
33#include <asm/hw_irq.h>
34#include <asm/apic.h>
35#include <asm/e820/types.h>
36#include <asm/io_apic.h>
37#include <asm/hpet.h>
38#include <linux/kdebug.h>
39#include <asm/cpu.h>
40#include <asm/reboot.h>
41#include <asm/intel_pt.h>
42#include <asm/crash.h>
43#include <asm/cmdline.h>
44#include <asm/sev.h>
45
46/* Used while preparing memory map entries for second kernel */
47struct crash_memmap_data {
48 struct boot_params *params;
49 /* Type of memory */
50 unsigned int type;
51};
52
53#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC)
54
55static void kdump_nmi_callback(int cpu, struct pt_regs *regs)
56{
57 crash_save_cpu(regs, cpu);
58
59 /*
60 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
61 */
62 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
63
64 kdump_sev_callback();
65
66 disable_local_APIC();
67}
68
69void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
70{
71 nmi_shootdown_cpus(kdump_nmi_callback);
72
73 disable_local_APIC();
74}
75
76/* Override the weak function in kernel/panic.c */
77void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
78{
79 static int cpus_stopped;
80
81 if (cpus_stopped)
82 return;
83
84 if (smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus)
85 smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus();
86 else
87 smp_send_stop();
88
89 cpus_stopped = 1;
90}
91
92#else
93void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
94{
95 /* There are no cpus to shootdown */
96}
97#endif
98
99void native_machine_crash_shutdown(struct pt_regs *regs)
100{
101 /* This function is only called after the system
102 * has panicked or is otherwise in a critical state.
103 * The minimum amount of code to allow a kexec'd kernel
104 * to run successfully needs to happen here.
105 *
106 * In practice this means shooting down the other cpus in
107 * an SMP system.
108 */
109 /* The kernel is broken so disable interrupts */
110 local_irq_disable();
111
112 crash_smp_send_stop();
113
114 cpu_emergency_disable_virtualization();
115
116 /*
117 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
118 */
119 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
120
121#ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
122 /* Prevent crash_kexec() from deadlocking on ioapic_lock. */
123 ioapic_zap_locks();
124 clear_IO_APIC();
125#endif
126 lapic_shutdown();
127 restore_boot_irq_mode();
128#ifdef CONFIG_HPET_TIMER
129 hpet_disable();
130#endif
131
132 /*
133 * Non-crash kexec calls enc_kexec_begin() while scheduling is still
134 * active. This allows the callback to wait until all in-flight
135 * shared<->private conversions are complete. In a crash scenario,
136 * enc_kexec_begin() gets called after all but one CPU have been shut
137 * down and interrupts have been disabled. This allows the callback to
138 * detect a race with the conversion and report it.
139 */
140 x86_platform.guest.enc_kexec_begin();
141 x86_platform.guest.enc_kexec_finish();
142
143 crash_save_cpu(regs, safe_smp_processor_id());
144}
145
146#if defined(CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE) || defined(CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG)
147static int get_nr_ram_ranges_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
148{
149 unsigned int *nr_ranges = arg;
150
151 (*nr_ranges)++;
152 return 0;
153}
154
155/* Gather all the required information to prepare elf headers for ram regions */
156static struct crash_mem *fill_up_crash_elf_data(void)
157{
158 unsigned int nr_ranges = 0;
159 struct crash_mem *cmem;
160
161 walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
162 if (!nr_ranges)
163 return NULL;
164
165 /*
166 * Exclusion of crash region and/or crashk_low_res may cause
167 * another range split. So add extra two slots here.
168 */
169 nr_ranges += 2;
170 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, nr_ranges));
171 if (!cmem)
172 return NULL;
173
174 cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
175 cmem->nr_ranges = 0;
176
177 return cmem;
178}
179
180/*
181 * Look for any unwanted ranges between mstart, mend and remove them. This
182 * might lead to split and split ranges are put in cmem->ranges[] array
183 */
184static int elf_header_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem)
185{
186 int ret = 0;
187
188 /* Exclude the low 1M because it is always reserved */
189 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, 0, SZ_1M - 1);
190 if (ret)
191 return ret;
192
193 /* Exclude crashkernel region */
194 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
195 if (ret)
196 return ret;
197
198 if (crashk_low_res.end)
199 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start,
200 crashk_low_res.end);
201
202 return ret;
203}
204
205static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
206{
207 struct crash_mem *cmem = arg;
208
209 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].start = res->start;
210 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].end = res->end;
211 cmem->nr_ranges++;
212
213 return 0;
214}
215
216/* Prepare elf headers. Return addr and size */
217static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz,
218 unsigned long *nr_mem_ranges)
219{
220 struct crash_mem *cmem;
221 int ret;
222
223 cmem = fill_up_crash_elf_data();
224 if (!cmem)
225 return -ENOMEM;
226
227 ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
228 if (ret)
229 goto out;
230
231 /* Exclude unwanted mem ranges */
232 ret = elf_header_exclude_ranges(cmem);
233 if (ret)
234 goto out;
235
236 /* Return the computed number of memory ranges, for hotplug usage */
237 *nr_mem_ranges = cmem->nr_ranges;
238
239 /* By default prepare 64bit headers */
240 ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64), addr, sz);
241
242out:
243 vfree(cmem);
244 return ret;
245}
246#endif
247
248#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE
249static int add_e820_entry(struct boot_params *params, struct e820_entry *entry)
250{
251 unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
252
253 nr_e820_entries = params->e820_entries;
254 if (nr_e820_entries >= E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE)
255 return 1;
256
257 memcpy(¶ms->e820_table[nr_e820_entries], entry, sizeof(struct e820_entry));
258 params->e820_entries++;
259 return 0;
260}
261
262static int memmap_entry_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
263{
264 struct crash_memmap_data *cmd = arg;
265 struct boot_params *params = cmd->params;
266 struct e820_entry ei;
267
268 ei.addr = res->start;
269 ei.size = resource_size(res);
270 ei.type = cmd->type;
271 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
272
273 return 0;
274}
275
276static int memmap_exclude_ranges(struct kimage *image, struct crash_mem *cmem,
277 unsigned long long mstart,
278 unsigned long long mend)
279{
280 unsigned long start, end;
281
282 cmem->ranges[0].start = mstart;
283 cmem->ranges[0].end = mend;
284 cmem->nr_ranges = 1;
285
286 /* Exclude elf header region */
287 start = image->elf_load_addr;
288 end = start + image->elf_headers_sz - 1;
289 return crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, start, end);
290}
291
292/* Prepare memory map for crash dump kernel */
293int crash_setup_memmap_entries(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params)
294{
295 int i, ret = 0;
296 unsigned long flags;
297 struct e820_entry ei;
298 struct crash_memmap_data cmd;
299 struct crash_mem *cmem;
300
301 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, 1));
302 if (!cmem)
303 return -ENOMEM;
304
305 memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct crash_memmap_data));
306 cmd.params = params;
307
308 /* Add the low 1M */
309 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
310 flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
311 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_NONE, flags, 0, (1<<20)-1, &cmd,
312 memmap_entry_callback);
313
314 /* Add ACPI tables */
315 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_ACPI;
316 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
317 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_TABLES, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
318 memmap_entry_callback);
319
320 /* Add ACPI Non-volatile Storage */
321 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_NVS;
322 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_NV_STORAGE, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
323 memmap_entry_callback);
324
325 /* Add e820 reserved ranges */
326 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RESERVED;
327 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
328 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_RESERVED, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
329 memmap_entry_callback);
330
331 /* Add crashk_low_res region */
332 if (crashk_low_res.end) {
333 ei.addr = crashk_low_res.start;
334 ei.size = resource_size(&crashk_low_res);
335 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
336 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
337 }
338
339 /* Exclude some ranges from crashk_res and add rest to memmap */
340 ret = memmap_exclude_ranges(image, cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
341 if (ret)
342 goto out;
343
344 for (i = 0; i < cmem->nr_ranges; i++) {
345 ei.size = cmem->ranges[i].end - cmem->ranges[i].start + 1;
346
347 /* If entry is less than a page, skip it */
348 if (ei.size < PAGE_SIZE)
349 continue;
350 ei.addr = cmem->ranges[i].start;
351 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
352 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
353 }
354
355out:
356 vfree(cmem);
357 return ret;
358}
359
360int crash_load_segments(struct kimage *image)
361{
362 int ret;
363 unsigned long pnum = 0;
364 struct kexec_buf kbuf = { .image = image, .buf_min = 0,
365 .buf_max = ULONG_MAX, .top_down = false };
366
367 /* Prepare elf headers and add a segment */
368 ret = prepare_elf_headers(&kbuf.buffer, &kbuf.bufsz, &pnum);
369 if (ret)
370 return ret;
371
372 image->elf_headers = kbuf.buffer;
373 image->elf_headers_sz = kbuf.bufsz;
374 kbuf.memsz = kbuf.bufsz;
375
376#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG
377 /*
378 * The elfcorehdr segment size accounts for VMCOREINFO, kernel_map,
379 * maximum CPUs and maximum memory ranges.
380 */
381 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG))
382 pnum = 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT + CONFIG_CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES;
383 else
384 pnum += 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT;
385
386 if (pnum < (unsigned long)PN_XNUM) {
387 kbuf.memsz = pnum * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
388 kbuf.memsz += sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
389
390 image->elfcorehdr_index = image->nr_segments;
391
392 /* Mark as usable to crash kernel, else crash kernel fails on boot */
393 image->elf_headers_sz = kbuf.memsz;
394 } else {
395 pr_err("number of Phdrs %lu exceeds max\n", pnum);
396 }
397#endif
398
399 kbuf.buf_align = ELF_CORE_HEADER_ALIGN;
400 kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
401 ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
402 if (ret)
403 return ret;
404 image->elf_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
405 kexec_dprintk("Loaded ELF headers at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
406 image->elf_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.memsz);
407
408 return ret;
409}
410#endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */
411
412#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG
413
414#undef pr_fmt
415#define pr_fmt(fmt) "crash hp: " fmt
416
417int arch_crash_hotplug_support(struct kimage *image, unsigned long kexec_flags)
418{
419
420#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE
421 if (image->file_mode)
422 return 1;
423#endif
424 /*
425 * Initially, crash hotplug support for kexec_load was added
426 * with the KEXEC_UPDATE_ELFCOREHDR flag. Later, this
427 * functionality was expanded to accommodate multiple kexec
428 * segment updates, leading to the introduction of the
429 * KEXEC_CRASH_HOTPLUG_SUPPORT kexec flag bit. Consequently,
430 * when the kexec tool sends either of these flags, it indicates
431 * that the required kexec segment (elfcorehdr) is excluded from
432 * the SHA calculation.
433 */
434 return (kexec_flags & KEXEC_UPDATE_ELFCOREHDR ||
435 kexec_flags & KEXEC_CRASH_HOTPLUG_SUPPORT);
436}
437
438unsigned int arch_crash_get_elfcorehdr_size(void)
439{
440 unsigned int sz;
441
442 /* kernel_map, VMCOREINFO and maximum CPUs */
443 sz = 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT;
444 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG))
445 sz += CONFIG_CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES;
446 sz *= sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
447 return sz;
448}
449
450/**
451 * arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event() - Handle hotplug elfcorehdr changes
452 * @image: a pointer to kexec_crash_image
453 * @arg: struct memory_notify handler for memory hotplug case and
454 * NULL for CPU hotplug case.
455 *
456 * Prepare the new elfcorehdr and replace the existing elfcorehdr.
457 */
458void arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event(struct kimage *image, void *arg)
459{
460 void *elfbuf = NULL, *old_elfcorehdr;
461 unsigned long nr_mem_ranges;
462 unsigned long mem, memsz;
463 unsigned long elfsz = 0;
464
465 /*
466 * As crash_prepare_elf64_headers() has already described all
467 * possible CPUs, there is no need to update the elfcorehdr
468 * for additional CPU changes.
469 */
470 if ((image->file_mode || image->elfcorehdr_updated) &&
471 ((image->hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_CPU) ||
472 (image->hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_CPU)))
473 return;
474
475 /*
476 * Create the new elfcorehdr reflecting the changes to CPU and/or
477 * memory resources.
478 */
479 if (prepare_elf_headers(&elfbuf, &elfsz, &nr_mem_ranges)) {
480 pr_err("unable to create new elfcorehdr");
481 goto out;
482 }
483
484 /*
485 * Obtain address and size of the elfcorehdr segment, and
486 * check it against the new elfcorehdr buffer.
487 */
488 mem = image->segment[image->elfcorehdr_index].mem;
489 memsz = image->segment[image->elfcorehdr_index].memsz;
490 if (elfsz > memsz) {
491 pr_err("update elfcorehdr elfsz %lu > memsz %lu",
492 elfsz, memsz);
493 goto out;
494 }
495
496 /*
497 * Copy new elfcorehdr over the old elfcorehdr at destination.
498 */
499 old_elfcorehdr = kmap_local_page(pfn_to_page(mem >> PAGE_SHIFT));
500 if (!old_elfcorehdr) {
501 pr_err("mapping elfcorehdr segment failed\n");
502 goto out;
503 }
504
505 /*
506 * Temporarily invalidate the crash image while the
507 * elfcorehdr is updated.
508 */
509 xchg(&kexec_crash_image, NULL);
510 memcpy_flushcache(old_elfcorehdr, elfbuf, elfsz);
511 xchg(&kexec_crash_image, image);
512 kunmap_local(old_elfcorehdr);
513 pr_debug("updated elfcorehdr\n");
514
515out:
516 vfree(elfbuf);
517}
518#endif
1/*
2 * Architecture specific (i386/x86_64) functions for kexec based crash dumps.
3 *
4 * Created by: Hariprasad Nellitheertha (hari@in.ibm.com)
5 *
6 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2004. All rights reserved.
7 *
8 */
9
10#include <linux/init.h>
11#include <linux/types.h>
12#include <linux/kernel.h>
13#include <linux/smp.h>
14#include <linux/reboot.h>
15#include <linux/kexec.h>
16#include <linux/delay.h>
17#include <linux/elf.h>
18#include <linux/elfcore.h>
19
20#include <asm/processor.h>
21#include <asm/hardirq.h>
22#include <asm/nmi.h>
23#include <asm/hw_irq.h>
24#include <asm/apic.h>
25#include <asm/hpet.h>
26#include <linux/kdebug.h>
27#include <asm/cpu.h>
28#include <asm/reboot.h>
29#include <asm/virtext.h>
30
31int in_crash_kexec;
32
33#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC)
34
35static void kdump_nmi_callback(int cpu, struct die_args *args)
36{
37 struct pt_regs *regs;
38#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
39 struct pt_regs fixed_regs;
40#endif
41
42 regs = args->regs;
43
44#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
45 if (!user_mode_vm(regs)) {
46 crash_fixup_ss_esp(&fixed_regs, regs);
47 regs = &fixed_regs;
48 }
49#endif
50 crash_save_cpu(regs, cpu);
51
52 /* Disable VMX or SVM if needed.
53 *
54 * We need to disable virtualization on all CPUs.
55 * Having VMX or SVM enabled on any CPU may break rebooting
56 * after the kdump kernel has finished its task.
57 */
58 cpu_emergency_vmxoff();
59 cpu_emergency_svm_disable();
60
61 disable_local_APIC();
62}
63
64static void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
65{
66 in_crash_kexec = 1;
67 nmi_shootdown_cpus(kdump_nmi_callback);
68
69 disable_local_APIC();
70}
71
72#else
73static void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
74{
75 /* There are no cpus to shootdown */
76}
77#endif
78
79void native_machine_crash_shutdown(struct pt_regs *regs)
80{
81 /* This function is only called after the system
82 * has panicked or is otherwise in a critical state.
83 * The minimum amount of code to allow a kexec'd kernel
84 * to run successfully needs to happen here.
85 *
86 * In practice this means shooting down the other cpus in
87 * an SMP system.
88 */
89 /* The kernel is broken so disable interrupts */
90 local_irq_disable();
91
92 kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus();
93
94 /* Booting kdump kernel with VMX or SVM enabled won't work,
95 * because (among other limitations) we can't disable paging
96 * with the virt flags.
97 */
98 cpu_emergency_vmxoff();
99 cpu_emergency_svm_disable();
100
101 lapic_shutdown();
102#if defined(CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC)
103 disable_IO_APIC();
104#endif
105#ifdef CONFIG_HPET_TIMER
106 hpet_disable();
107#endif
108 crash_save_cpu(regs, safe_smp_processor_id());
109}