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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2/*
3 * elf.c - ELF access library
4 *
5 * Adapted from kpatch (https://github.com/dynup/kpatch):
6 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
7 * Copyright (C) 2014 Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
8 */
9
10#include <sys/types.h>
11#include <sys/stat.h>
12#include <fcntl.h>
13#include <stdio.h>
14#include <stdlib.h>
15#include <string.h>
16#include <unistd.h>
17#include <errno.h>
18#include "builtin.h"
19
20#include "elf.h"
21#include "warn.h"
22
23#define MAX_NAME_LEN 128
24
25static inline u32 str_hash(const char *str)
26{
27 return jhash(str, strlen(str), 0);
28}
29
30static inline int elf_hash_bits(void)
31{
32 return vmlinux ? ELF_HASH_BITS : 16;
33}
34
35#define elf_hash_add(hashtable, node, key) \
36 hlist_add_head(node, &hashtable[hash_min(key, elf_hash_bits())])
37
38static void elf_hash_init(struct hlist_head *table)
39{
40 __hash_init(table, 1U << elf_hash_bits());
41}
42
43#define elf_hash_for_each_possible(name, obj, member, key) \
44 hlist_for_each_entry(obj, &name[hash_min(key, elf_hash_bits())], member)
45
46static void rb_add(struct rb_root *tree, struct rb_node *node,
47 int (*cmp)(struct rb_node *, const struct rb_node *))
48{
49 struct rb_node **link = &tree->rb_node;
50 struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
51
52 while (*link) {
53 parent = *link;
54 if (cmp(node, parent) < 0)
55 link = &parent->rb_left;
56 else
57 link = &parent->rb_right;
58 }
59
60 rb_link_node(node, parent, link);
61 rb_insert_color(node, tree);
62}
63
64static struct rb_node *rb_find_first(const struct rb_root *tree, const void *key,
65 int (*cmp)(const void *key, const struct rb_node *))
66{
67 struct rb_node *node = tree->rb_node;
68 struct rb_node *match = NULL;
69
70 while (node) {
71 int c = cmp(key, node);
72 if (c <= 0) {
73 if (!c)
74 match = node;
75 node = node->rb_left;
76 } else if (c > 0) {
77 node = node->rb_right;
78 }
79 }
80
81 return match;
82}
83
84static struct rb_node *rb_next_match(struct rb_node *node, const void *key,
85 int (*cmp)(const void *key, const struct rb_node *))
86{
87 node = rb_next(node);
88 if (node && cmp(key, node))
89 node = NULL;
90 return node;
91}
92
93#define rb_for_each(tree, node, key, cmp) \
94 for ((node) = rb_find_first((tree), (key), (cmp)); \
95 (node); (node) = rb_next_match((node), (key), (cmp)))
96
97static int symbol_to_offset(struct rb_node *a, const struct rb_node *b)
98{
99 struct symbol *sa = rb_entry(a, struct symbol, node);
100 struct symbol *sb = rb_entry(b, struct symbol, node);
101
102 if (sa->offset < sb->offset)
103 return -1;
104 if (sa->offset > sb->offset)
105 return 1;
106
107 if (sa->len < sb->len)
108 return -1;
109 if (sa->len > sb->len)
110 return 1;
111
112 sa->alias = sb;
113
114 return 0;
115}
116
117static int symbol_by_offset(const void *key, const struct rb_node *node)
118{
119 const struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
120 const unsigned long *o = key;
121
122 if (*o < s->offset)
123 return -1;
124 if (*o >= s->offset + s->len)
125 return 1;
126
127 return 0;
128}
129
130struct section *find_section_by_name(const struct elf *elf, const char *name)
131{
132 struct section *sec;
133
134 elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->section_name_hash, sec, name_hash, str_hash(name))
135 if (!strcmp(sec->name, name))
136 return sec;
137
138 return NULL;
139}
140
141static struct section *find_section_by_index(struct elf *elf,
142 unsigned int idx)
143{
144 struct section *sec;
145
146 elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->section_hash, sec, hash, idx)
147 if (sec->idx == idx)
148 return sec;
149
150 return NULL;
151}
152
153static struct symbol *find_symbol_by_index(struct elf *elf, unsigned int idx)
154{
155 struct symbol *sym;
156
157 elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->symbol_hash, sym, hash, idx)
158 if (sym->idx == idx)
159 return sym;
160
161 return NULL;
162}
163
164struct symbol *find_symbol_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
165{
166 struct rb_node *node;
167
168 rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
169 struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
170
171 if (s->offset == offset && s->type != STT_SECTION)
172 return s;
173 }
174
175 return NULL;
176}
177
178struct symbol *find_func_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
179{
180 struct rb_node *node;
181
182 rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
183 struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
184
185 if (s->offset == offset && s->type == STT_FUNC)
186 return s;
187 }
188
189 return NULL;
190}
191
192struct symbol *find_symbol_containing(const struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
193{
194 struct rb_node *node;
195
196 rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
197 struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
198
199 if (s->type != STT_SECTION)
200 return s;
201 }
202
203 return NULL;
204}
205
206struct symbol *find_func_containing(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
207{
208 struct rb_node *node;
209
210 rb_for_each(&sec->symbol_tree, node, &offset, symbol_by_offset) {
211 struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
212
213 if (s->type == STT_FUNC)
214 return s;
215 }
216
217 return NULL;
218}
219
220struct symbol *find_symbol_by_name(const struct elf *elf, const char *name)
221{
222 struct symbol *sym;
223
224 elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->symbol_name_hash, sym, name_hash, str_hash(name))
225 if (!strcmp(sym->name, name))
226 return sym;
227
228 return NULL;
229}
230
231struct reloc *find_reloc_by_dest_range(const struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
232 unsigned long offset, unsigned int len)
233{
234 struct reloc *reloc, *r = NULL;
235 unsigned long o;
236
237 if (!sec->reloc)
238 return NULL;
239
240 sec = sec->reloc;
241
242 for_offset_range(o, offset, offset + len) {
243 elf_hash_for_each_possible(elf->reloc_hash, reloc, hash,
244 sec_offset_hash(sec, o)) {
245 if (reloc->sec != sec)
246 continue;
247
248 if (reloc->offset >= offset && reloc->offset < offset + len) {
249 if (!r || reloc->offset < r->offset)
250 r = reloc;
251 }
252 }
253 if (r)
254 return r;
255 }
256
257 return NULL;
258}
259
260struct reloc *find_reloc_by_dest(const struct elf *elf, struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
261{
262 return find_reloc_by_dest_range(elf, sec, offset, 1);
263}
264
265static int read_sections(struct elf *elf)
266{
267 Elf_Scn *s = NULL;
268 struct section *sec;
269 size_t shstrndx, sections_nr;
270 int i;
271
272 if (elf_getshdrnum(elf->elf, §ions_nr)) {
273 WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrnum");
274 return -1;
275 }
276
277 if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf->elf, &shstrndx)) {
278 WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrstrndx");
279 return -1;
280 }
281
282 for (i = 0; i < sections_nr; i++) {
283 sec = malloc(sizeof(*sec));
284 if (!sec) {
285 perror("malloc");
286 return -1;
287 }
288 memset(sec, 0, sizeof(*sec));
289
290 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->symbol_list);
291 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->reloc_list);
292
293 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, i);
294 if (!s) {
295 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
296 return -1;
297 }
298
299 sec->idx = elf_ndxscn(s);
300
301 if (!gelf_getshdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
302 WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
303 return -1;
304 }
305
306 sec->name = elf_strptr(elf->elf, shstrndx, sec->sh.sh_name);
307 if (!sec->name) {
308 WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
309 return -1;
310 }
311
312 if (sec->sh.sh_size != 0) {
313 sec->data = elf_getdata(s, NULL);
314 if (!sec->data) {
315 WARN_ELF("elf_getdata");
316 return -1;
317 }
318 if (sec->data->d_off != 0 ||
319 sec->data->d_size != sec->sh.sh_size) {
320 WARN("unexpected data attributes for %s",
321 sec->name);
322 return -1;
323 }
324 }
325 sec->len = sec->sh.sh_size;
326
327 list_add_tail(&sec->list, &elf->sections);
328 elf_hash_add(elf->section_hash, &sec->hash, sec->idx);
329 elf_hash_add(elf->section_name_hash, &sec->name_hash, str_hash(sec->name));
330 }
331
332 if (stats)
333 printf("nr_sections: %lu\n", (unsigned long)sections_nr);
334
335 /* sanity check, one more call to elf_nextscn() should return NULL */
336 if (elf_nextscn(elf->elf, s)) {
337 WARN("section entry mismatch");
338 return -1;
339 }
340
341 return 0;
342}
343
344static int read_symbols(struct elf *elf)
345{
346 struct section *symtab, *symtab_shndx, *sec;
347 struct symbol *sym, *pfunc;
348 struct list_head *entry;
349 struct rb_node *pnode;
350 int symbols_nr, i;
351 char *coldstr;
352 Elf_Data *shndx_data = NULL;
353 Elf32_Word shndx;
354
355 symtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab");
356 if (!symtab) {
357 WARN("missing symbol table");
358 return -1;
359 }
360
361 symtab_shndx = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab_shndx");
362 if (symtab_shndx)
363 shndx_data = symtab_shndx->data;
364
365 symbols_nr = symtab->sh.sh_size / symtab->sh.sh_entsize;
366
367 for (i = 0; i < symbols_nr; i++) {
368 sym = malloc(sizeof(*sym));
369 if (!sym) {
370 perror("malloc");
371 return -1;
372 }
373 memset(sym, 0, sizeof(*sym));
374 sym->alias = sym;
375
376 sym->idx = i;
377
378 if (!gelf_getsymshndx(symtab->data, shndx_data, i, &sym->sym,
379 &shndx)) {
380 WARN_ELF("gelf_getsymshndx");
381 goto err;
382 }
383
384 sym->name = elf_strptr(elf->elf, symtab->sh.sh_link,
385 sym->sym.st_name);
386 if (!sym->name) {
387 WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
388 goto err;
389 }
390
391 sym->type = GELF_ST_TYPE(sym->sym.st_info);
392 sym->bind = GELF_ST_BIND(sym->sym.st_info);
393
394 if ((sym->sym.st_shndx > SHN_UNDEF &&
395 sym->sym.st_shndx < SHN_LORESERVE) ||
396 (shndx_data && sym->sym.st_shndx == SHN_XINDEX)) {
397 if (sym->sym.st_shndx != SHN_XINDEX)
398 shndx = sym->sym.st_shndx;
399
400 sym->sec = find_section_by_index(elf, shndx);
401 if (!sym->sec) {
402 WARN("couldn't find section for symbol %s",
403 sym->name);
404 goto err;
405 }
406 if (sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
407 sym->name = sym->sec->name;
408 sym->sec->sym = sym;
409 }
410 } else
411 sym->sec = find_section_by_index(elf, 0);
412
413 sym->offset = sym->sym.st_value;
414 sym->len = sym->sym.st_size;
415
416 rb_add(&sym->sec->symbol_tree, &sym->node, symbol_to_offset);
417 pnode = rb_prev(&sym->node);
418 if (pnode)
419 entry = &rb_entry(pnode, struct symbol, node)->list;
420 else
421 entry = &sym->sec->symbol_list;
422 list_add(&sym->list, entry);
423 elf_hash_add(elf->symbol_hash, &sym->hash, sym->idx);
424 elf_hash_add(elf->symbol_name_hash, &sym->name_hash, str_hash(sym->name));
425 }
426
427 if (stats)
428 printf("nr_symbols: %lu\n", (unsigned long)symbols_nr);
429
430 /* Create parent/child links for any cold subfunctions */
431 list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
432 list_for_each_entry(sym, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
433 char pname[MAX_NAME_LEN + 1];
434 size_t pnamelen;
435 if (sym->type != STT_FUNC)
436 continue;
437
438 if (sym->pfunc == NULL)
439 sym->pfunc = sym;
440
441 if (sym->cfunc == NULL)
442 sym->cfunc = sym;
443
444 coldstr = strstr(sym->name, ".cold");
445 if (!coldstr)
446 continue;
447
448 pnamelen = coldstr - sym->name;
449 if (pnamelen > MAX_NAME_LEN) {
450 WARN("%s(): parent function name exceeds maximum length of %d characters",
451 sym->name, MAX_NAME_LEN);
452 return -1;
453 }
454
455 strncpy(pname, sym->name, pnamelen);
456 pname[pnamelen] = '\0';
457 pfunc = find_symbol_by_name(elf, pname);
458
459 if (!pfunc) {
460 WARN("%s(): can't find parent function",
461 sym->name);
462 return -1;
463 }
464
465 sym->pfunc = pfunc;
466 pfunc->cfunc = sym;
467
468 /*
469 * Unfortunately, -fnoreorder-functions puts the child
470 * inside the parent. Remove the overlap so we can
471 * have sane assumptions.
472 *
473 * Note that pfunc->len now no longer matches
474 * pfunc->sym.st_size.
475 */
476 if (sym->sec == pfunc->sec &&
477 sym->offset >= pfunc->offset &&
478 sym->offset + sym->len == pfunc->offset + pfunc->len) {
479 pfunc->len -= sym->len;
480 }
481 }
482 }
483
484 return 0;
485
486err:
487 free(sym);
488 return -1;
489}
490
491void elf_add_reloc(struct elf *elf, struct reloc *reloc)
492{
493 struct section *sec = reloc->sec;
494
495 list_add_tail(&reloc->list, &sec->reloc_list);
496 elf_hash_add(elf->reloc_hash, &reloc->hash, reloc_hash(reloc));
497}
498
499static int read_rel_reloc(struct section *sec, int i, struct reloc *reloc, unsigned int *symndx)
500{
501 if (!gelf_getrel(sec->data, i, &reloc->rel)) {
502 WARN_ELF("gelf_getrel");
503 return -1;
504 }
505 reloc->type = GELF_R_TYPE(reloc->rel.r_info);
506 reloc->addend = 0;
507 reloc->offset = reloc->rel.r_offset;
508 *symndx = GELF_R_SYM(reloc->rel.r_info);
509 return 0;
510}
511
512static int read_rela_reloc(struct section *sec, int i, struct reloc *reloc, unsigned int *symndx)
513{
514 if (!gelf_getrela(sec->data, i, &reloc->rela)) {
515 WARN_ELF("gelf_getrela");
516 return -1;
517 }
518 reloc->type = GELF_R_TYPE(reloc->rela.r_info);
519 reloc->addend = reloc->rela.r_addend;
520 reloc->offset = reloc->rela.r_offset;
521 *symndx = GELF_R_SYM(reloc->rela.r_info);
522 return 0;
523}
524
525static int read_relocs(struct elf *elf)
526{
527 struct section *sec;
528 struct reloc *reloc;
529 int i;
530 unsigned int symndx;
531 unsigned long nr_reloc, max_reloc = 0, tot_reloc = 0;
532
533 list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
534 if ((sec->sh.sh_type != SHT_RELA) &&
535 (sec->sh.sh_type != SHT_REL))
536 continue;
537
538 sec->base = find_section_by_index(elf, sec->sh.sh_info);
539 if (!sec->base) {
540 WARN("can't find base section for reloc section %s",
541 sec->name);
542 return -1;
543 }
544
545 sec->base->reloc = sec;
546
547 nr_reloc = 0;
548 for (i = 0; i < sec->sh.sh_size / sec->sh.sh_entsize; i++) {
549 reloc = malloc(sizeof(*reloc));
550 if (!reloc) {
551 perror("malloc");
552 return -1;
553 }
554 memset(reloc, 0, sizeof(*reloc));
555 switch (sec->sh.sh_type) {
556 case SHT_REL:
557 if (read_rel_reloc(sec, i, reloc, &symndx))
558 return -1;
559 break;
560 case SHT_RELA:
561 if (read_rela_reloc(sec, i, reloc, &symndx))
562 return -1;
563 break;
564 default: return -1;
565 }
566
567 reloc->sec = sec;
568 reloc->idx = i;
569 reloc->sym = find_symbol_by_index(elf, symndx);
570 if (!reloc->sym) {
571 WARN("can't find reloc entry symbol %d for %s",
572 symndx, sec->name);
573 return -1;
574 }
575
576 elf_add_reloc(elf, reloc);
577 nr_reloc++;
578 }
579 max_reloc = max(max_reloc, nr_reloc);
580 tot_reloc += nr_reloc;
581 }
582
583 if (stats) {
584 printf("max_reloc: %lu\n", max_reloc);
585 printf("tot_reloc: %lu\n", tot_reloc);
586 }
587
588 return 0;
589}
590
591struct elf *elf_open_read(const char *name, int flags)
592{
593 struct elf *elf;
594 Elf_Cmd cmd;
595
596 elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
597
598 elf = malloc(sizeof(*elf));
599 if (!elf) {
600 perror("malloc");
601 return NULL;
602 }
603 memset(elf, 0, offsetof(struct elf, sections));
604
605 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&elf->sections);
606
607 elf_hash_init(elf->symbol_hash);
608 elf_hash_init(elf->symbol_name_hash);
609 elf_hash_init(elf->section_hash);
610 elf_hash_init(elf->section_name_hash);
611 elf_hash_init(elf->reloc_hash);
612
613 elf->fd = open(name, flags);
614 if (elf->fd == -1) {
615 fprintf(stderr, "objtool: Can't open '%s': %s\n",
616 name, strerror(errno));
617 goto err;
618 }
619
620 if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
621 cmd = ELF_C_READ_MMAP;
622 else if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDWR)
623 cmd = ELF_C_RDWR;
624 else /* O_WRONLY */
625 cmd = ELF_C_WRITE;
626
627 elf->elf = elf_begin(elf->fd, cmd, NULL);
628 if (!elf->elf) {
629 WARN_ELF("elf_begin");
630 goto err;
631 }
632
633 if (!gelf_getehdr(elf->elf, &elf->ehdr)) {
634 WARN_ELF("gelf_getehdr");
635 goto err;
636 }
637
638 if (read_sections(elf))
639 goto err;
640
641 if (read_symbols(elf))
642 goto err;
643
644 if (read_relocs(elf))
645 goto err;
646
647 return elf;
648
649err:
650 elf_close(elf);
651 return NULL;
652}
653
654struct section *elf_create_section(struct elf *elf, const char *name,
655 size_t entsize, int nr)
656{
657 struct section *sec, *shstrtab;
658 size_t size = entsize * nr;
659 Elf_Scn *s;
660 Elf_Data *data;
661
662 sec = malloc(sizeof(*sec));
663 if (!sec) {
664 perror("malloc");
665 return NULL;
666 }
667 memset(sec, 0, sizeof(*sec));
668
669 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->symbol_list);
670 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->reloc_list);
671
672 s = elf_newscn(elf->elf);
673 if (!s) {
674 WARN_ELF("elf_newscn");
675 return NULL;
676 }
677
678 sec->name = strdup(name);
679 if (!sec->name) {
680 perror("strdup");
681 return NULL;
682 }
683
684 sec->idx = elf_ndxscn(s);
685 sec->len = size;
686 sec->changed = true;
687
688 sec->data = elf_newdata(s);
689 if (!sec->data) {
690 WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
691 return NULL;
692 }
693
694 sec->data->d_size = size;
695 sec->data->d_align = 1;
696
697 if (size) {
698 sec->data->d_buf = malloc(size);
699 if (!sec->data->d_buf) {
700 perror("malloc");
701 return NULL;
702 }
703 memset(sec->data->d_buf, 0, size);
704 }
705
706 if (!gelf_getshdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
707 WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
708 return NULL;
709 }
710
711 sec->sh.sh_size = size;
712 sec->sh.sh_entsize = entsize;
713 sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
714 sec->sh.sh_addralign = 1;
715 sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC;
716
717
718 /* Add section name to .shstrtab (or .strtab for Clang) */
719 shstrtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".shstrtab");
720 if (!shstrtab)
721 shstrtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".strtab");
722 if (!shstrtab) {
723 WARN("can't find .shstrtab or .strtab section");
724 return NULL;
725 }
726
727 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, shstrtab->idx);
728 if (!s) {
729 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
730 return NULL;
731 }
732
733 data = elf_newdata(s);
734 if (!data) {
735 WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
736 return NULL;
737 }
738
739 data->d_buf = sec->name;
740 data->d_size = strlen(name) + 1;
741 data->d_align = 1;
742
743 sec->sh.sh_name = shstrtab->len;
744
745 shstrtab->len += strlen(name) + 1;
746 shstrtab->changed = true;
747
748 list_add_tail(&sec->list, &elf->sections);
749 elf_hash_add(elf->section_hash, &sec->hash, sec->idx);
750 elf_hash_add(elf->section_name_hash, &sec->name_hash, str_hash(sec->name));
751
752 elf->changed = true;
753
754 return sec;
755}
756
757static struct section *elf_create_rel_reloc_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *base)
758{
759 char *relocname;
760 struct section *sec;
761
762 relocname = malloc(strlen(base->name) + strlen(".rel") + 1);
763 if (!relocname) {
764 perror("malloc");
765 return NULL;
766 }
767 strcpy(relocname, ".rel");
768 strcat(relocname, base->name);
769
770 sec = elf_create_section(elf, relocname, sizeof(GElf_Rel), 0);
771 free(relocname);
772 if (!sec)
773 return NULL;
774
775 base->reloc = sec;
776 sec->base = base;
777
778 sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_REL;
779 sec->sh.sh_addralign = 8;
780 sec->sh.sh_link = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab")->idx;
781 sec->sh.sh_info = base->idx;
782 sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_INFO_LINK;
783
784 return sec;
785}
786
787static struct section *elf_create_rela_reloc_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *base)
788{
789 char *relocname;
790 struct section *sec;
791
792 relocname = malloc(strlen(base->name) + strlen(".rela") + 1);
793 if (!relocname) {
794 perror("malloc");
795 return NULL;
796 }
797 strcpy(relocname, ".rela");
798 strcat(relocname, base->name);
799
800 sec = elf_create_section(elf, relocname, sizeof(GElf_Rela), 0);
801 free(relocname);
802 if (!sec)
803 return NULL;
804
805 base->reloc = sec;
806 sec->base = base;
807
808 sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_RELA;
809 sec->sh.sh_addralign = 8;
810 sec->sh.sh_link = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab")->idx;
811 sec->sh.sh_info = base->idx;
812 sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_INFO_LINK;
813
814 return sec;
815}
816
817struct section *elf_create_reloc_section(struct elf *elf,
818 struct section *base,
819 int reltype)
820{
821 switch (reltype) {
822 case SHT_REL: return elf_create_rel_reloc_section(elf, base);
823 case SHT_RELA: return elf_create_rela_reloc_section(elf, base);
824 default: return NULL;
825 }
826}
827
828static int elf_rebuild_rel_reloc_section(struct section *sec, int nr)
829{
830 struct reloc *reloc;
831 int idx = 0, size;
832 GElf_Rel *relocs;
833
834 /* Allocate a buffer for relocations */
835 size = nr * sizeof(*relocs);
836 relocs = malloc(size);
837 if (!relocs) {
838 perror("malloc");
839 return -1;
840 }
841
842 sec->data->d_buf = relocs;
843 sec->data->d_size = size;
844
845 sec->sh.sh_size = size;
846
847 idx = 0;
848 list_for_each_entry(reloc, &sec->reloc_list, list) {
849 relocs[idx].r_offset = reloc->offset;
850 relocs[idx].r_info = GELF_R_INFO(reloc->sym->idx, reloc->type);
851 idx++;
852 }
853
854 return 0;
855}
856
857static int elf_rebuild_rela_reloc_section(struct section *sec, int nr)
858{
859 struct reloc *reloc;
860 int idx = 0, size;
861 GElf_Rela *relocs;
862
863 /* Allocate a buffer for relocations with addends */
864 size = nr * sizeof(*relocs);
865 relocs = malloc(size);
866 if (!relocs) {
867 perror("malloc");
868 return -1;
869 }
870
871 sec->data->d_buf = relocs;
872 sec->data->d_size = size;
873
874 sec->sh.sh_size = size;
875
876 idx = 0;
877 list_for_each_entry(reloc, &sec->reloc_list, list) {
878 relocs[idx].r_offset = reloc->offset;
879 relocs[idx].r_addend = reloc->addend;
880 relocs[idx].r_info = GELF_R_INFO(reloc->sym->idx, reloc->type);
881 idx++;
882 }
883
884 return 0;
885}
886
887int elf_rebuild_reloc_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec)
888{
889 struct reloc *reloc;
890 int nr;
891
892 sec->changed = true;
893 elf->changed = true;
894
895 nr = 0;
896 list_for_each_entry(reloc, &sec->reloc_list, list)
897 nr++;
898
899 switch (sec->sh.sh_type) {
900 case SHT_REL: return elf_rebuild_rel_reloc_section(sec, nr);
901 case SHT_RELA: return elf_rebuild_rela_reloc_section(sec, nr);
902 default: return -1;
903 }
904}
905
906int elf_write_insn(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
907 unsigned long offset, unsigned int len,
908 const char *insn)
909{
910 Elf_Data *data = sec->data;
911
912 if (data->d_type != ELF_T_BYTE || data->d_off) {
913 WARN("write to unexpected data for section: %s", sec->name);
914 return -1;
915 }
916
917 memcpy(data->d_buf + offset, insn, len);
918 elf_flagdata(data, ELF_C_SET, ELF_F_DIRTY);
919
920 elf->changed = true;
921
922 return 0;
923}
924
925int elf_write_reloc(struct elf *elf, struct reloc *reloc)
926{
927 struct section *sec = reloc->sec;
928
929 if (sec->sh.sh_type == SHT_REL) {
930 reloc->rel.r_info = GELF_R_INFO(reloc->sym->idx, reloc->type);
931 reloc->rel.r_offset = reloc->offset;
932
933 if (!gelf_update_rel(sec->data, reloc->idx, &reloc->rel)) {
934 WARN_ELF("gelf_update_rel");
935 return -1;
936 }
937 } else {
938 reloc->rela.r_info = GELF_R_INFO(reloc->sym->idx, reloc->type);
939 reloc->rela.r_addend = reloc->addend;
940 reloc->rela.r_offset = reloc->offset;
941
942 if (!gelf_update_rela(sec->data, reloc->idx, &reloc->rela)) {
943 WARN_ELF("gelf_update_rela");
944 return -1;
945 }
946 }
947
948 elf->changed = true;
949
950 return 0;
951}
952
953int elf_write(struct elf *elf)
954{
955 struct section *sec;
956 Elf_Scn *s;
957
958 /* Update section headers for changed sections: */
959 list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
960 if (sec->changed) {
961 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, sec->idx);
962 if (!s) {
963 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
964 return -1;
965 }
966 if (!gelf_update_shdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
967 WARN_ELF("gelf_update_shdr");
968 return -1;
969 }
970
971 sec->changed = false;
972 }
973 }
974
975 /* Make sure the new section header entries get updated properly. */
976 elf_flagelf(elf->elf, ELF_C_SET, ELF_F_DIRTY);
977
978 /* Write all changes to the file. */
979 if (elf_update(elf->elf, ELF_C_WRITE) < 0) {
980 WARN_ELF("elf_update");
981 return -1;
982 }
983
984 elf->changed = false;
985
986 return 0;
987}
988
989void elf_close(struct elf *elf)
990{
991 struct section *sec, *tmpsec;
992 struct symbol *sym, *tmpsym;
993 struct reloc *reloc, *tmpreloc;
994
995 if (elf->elf)
996 elf_end(elf->elf);
997
998 if (elf->fd > 0)
999 close(elf->fd);
1000
1001 list_for_each_entry_safe(sec, tmpsec, &elf->sections, list) {
1002 list_for_each_entry_safe(sym, tmpsym, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
1003 list_del(&sym->list);
1004 hash_del(&sym->hash);
1005 free(sym);
1006 }
1007 list_for_each_entry_safe(reloc, tmpreloc, &sec->reloc_list, list) {
1008 list_del(&reloc->list);
1009 hash_del(&reloc->hash);
1010 free(reloc);
1011 }
1012 list_del(&sec->list);
1013 free(sec);
1014 }
1015
1016 free(elf);
1017}
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2/*
3 * elf.c - ELF access library
4 *
5 * Adapted from kpatch (https://github.com/dynup/kpatch):
6 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
7 * Copyright (C) 2014 Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
8 */
9
10#include <sys/types.h>
11#include <sys/stat.h>
12#include <sys/mman.h>
13#include <fcntl.h>
14#include <stdio.h>
15#include <stdlib.h>
16#include <string.h>
17#include <unistd.h>
18#include <errno.h>
19#include <linux/interval_tree_generic.h>
20#include <objtool/builtin.h>
21
22#include <objtool/elf.h>
23#include <objtool/warn.h>
24
25static inline u32 str_hash(const char *str)
26{
27 return jhash(str, strlen(str), 0);
28}
29
30#define __elf_table(name) (elf->name##_hash)
31#define __elf_bits(name) (elf->name##_bits)
32
33#define __elf_table_entry(name, key) \
34 __elf_table(name)[hash_min(key, __elf_bits(name))]
35
36#define elf_hash_add(name, node, key) \
37({ \
38 struct elf_hash_node *__node = node; \
39 __node->next = __elf_table_entry(name, key); \
40 __elf_table_entry(name, key) = __node; \
41})
42
43static inline void __elf_hash_del(struct elf_hash_node *node,
44 struct elf_hash_node **head)
45{
46 struct elf_hash_node *cur, *prev;
47
48 if (node == *head) {
49 *head = node->next;
50 return;
51 }
52
53 for (prev = NULL, cur = *head; cur; prev = cur, cur = cur->next) {
54 if (cur == node) {
55 prev->next = cur->next;
56 break;
57 }
58 }
59}
60
61#define elf_hash_del(name, node, key) \
62 __elf_hash_del(node, &__elf_table_entry(name, key))
63
64#define elf_list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
65({ \
66 typeof(ptr) __ptr = (ptr); \
67 __ptr ? container_of(__ptr, type, member) : NULL; \
68})
69
70#define elf_hash_for_each_possible(name, obj, member, key) \
71 for (obj = elf_list_entry(__elf_table_entry(name, key), typeof(*obj), member); \
72 obj; \
73 obj = elf_list_entry(obj->member.next, typeof(*(obj)), member))
74
75#define elf_alloc_hash(name, size) \
76({ \
77 __elf_bits(name) = max(10, ilog2(size)); \
78 __elf_table(name) = mmap(NULL, sizeof(struct elf_hash_node *) << __elf_bits(name), \
79 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, \
80 MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0); \
81 if (__elf_table(name) == (void *)-1L) { \
82 WARN("mmap fail " #name); \
83 __elf_table(name) = NULL; \
84 } \
85 __elf_table(name); \
86})
87
88static inline unsigned long __sym_start(struct symbol *s)
89{
90 return s->offset;
91}
92
93static inline unsigned long __sym_last(struct symbol *s)
94{
95 return s->offset + s->len - 1;
96}
97
98INTERVAL_TREE_DEFINE(struct symbol, node, unsigned long, __subtree_last,
99 __sym_start, __sym_last, static, __sym)
100
101#define __sym_for_each(_iter, _tree, _start, _end) \
102 for (_iter = __sym_iter_first((_tree), (_start), (_end)); \
103 _iter; _iter = __sym_iter_next(_iter, (_start), (_end)))
104
105struct symbol_hole {
106 unsigned long key;
107 const struct symbol *sym;
108};
109
110/*
111 * Find !section symbol where @offset is after it.
112 */
113static int symbol_hole_by_offset(const void *key, const struct rb_node *node)
114{
115 const struct symbol *s = rb_entry(node, struct symbol, node);
116 struct symbol_hole *sh = (void *)key;
117
118 if (sh->key < s->offset)
119 return -1;
120
121 if (sh->key >= s->offset + s->len) {
122 if (s->type != STT_SECTION)
123 sh->sym = s;
124 return 1;
125 }
126
127 return 0;
128}
129
130struct section *find_section_by_name(const struct elf *elf, const char *name)
131{
132 struct section *sec;
133
134 elf_hash_for_each_possible(section_name, sec, name_hash, str_hash(name)) {
135 if (!strcmp(sec->name, name))
136 return sec;
137 }
138
139 return NULL;
140}
141
142static struct section *find_section_by_index(struct elf *elf,
143 unsigned int idx)
144{
145 struct section *sec;
146
147 elf_hash_for_each_possible(section, sec, hash, idx) {
148 if (sec->idx == idx)
149 return sec;
150 }
151
152 return NULL;
153}
154
155static struct symbol *find_symbol_by_index(struct elf *elf, unsigned int idx)
156{
157 struct symbol *sym;
158
159 elf_hash_for_each_possible(symbol, sym, hash, idx) {
160 if (sym->idx == idx)
161 return sym;
162 }
163
164 return NULL;
165}
166
167struct symbol *find_symbol_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
168{
169 struct rb_root_cached *tree = (struct rb_root_cached *)&sec->symbol_tree;
170 struct symbol *iter;
171
172 __sym_for_each(iter, tree, offset, offset) {
173 if (iter->offset == offset && iter->type != STT_SECTION)
174 return iter;
175 }
176
177 return NULL;
178}
179
180struct symbol *find_func_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
181{
182 struct rb_root_cached *tree = (struct rb_root_cached *)&sec->symbol_tree;
183 struct symbol *iter;
184
185 __sym_for_each(iter, tree, offset, offset) {
186 if (iter->offset == offset && iter->type == STT_FUNC)
187 return iter;
188 }
189
190 return NULL;
191}
192
193struct symbol *find_symbol_containing(const struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
194{
195 struct rb_root_cached *tree = (struct rb_root_cached *)&sec->symbol_tree;
196 struct symbol *iter;
197
198 __sym_for_each(iter, tree, offset, offset) {
199 if (iter->type != STT_SECTION)
200 return iter;
201 }
202
203 return NULL;
204}
205
206/*
207 * Returns size of hole starting at @offset.
208 */
209int find_symbol_hole_containing(const struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
210{
211 struct symbol_hole hole = {
212 .key = offset,
213 .sym = NULL,
214 };
215 struct rb_node *n;
216 struct symbol *s;
217
218 /*
219 * Find the rightmost symbol for which @offset is after it.
220 */
221 n = rb_find(&hole, &sec->symbol_tree.rb_root, symbol_hole_by_offset);
222
223 /* found a symbol that contains @offset */
224 if (n)
225 return 0; /* not a hole */
226
227 /* didn't find a symbol for which @offset is after it */
228 if (!hole.sym)
229 return 0; /* not a hole */
230
231 /* @offset >= sym->offset + sym->len, find symbol after it */
232 n = rb_next(&hole.sym->node);
233 if (!n)
234 return -1; /* until end of address space */
235
236 /* hole until start of next symbol */
237 s = rb_entry(n, struct symbol, node);
238 return s->offset - offset;
239}
240
241struct symbol *find_func_containing(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
242{
243 struct rb_root_cached *tree = (struct rb_root_cached *)&sec->symbol_tree;
244 struct symbol *iter;
245
246 __sym_for_each(iter, tree, offset, offset) {
247 if (iter->type == STT_FUNC)
248 return iter;
249 }
250
251 return NULL;
252}
253
254struct symbol *find_symbol_by_name(const struct elf *elf, const char *name)
255{
256 struct symbol *sym;
257
258 elf_hash_for_each_possible(symbol_name, sym, name_hash, str_hash(name)) {
259 if (!strcmp(sym->name, name))
260 return sym;
261 }
262
263 return NULL;
264}
265
266struct reloc *find_reloc_by_dest_range(const struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
267 unsigned long offset, unsigned int len)
268{
269 struct reloc *reloc, *r = NULL;
270 struct section *rsec;
271 unsigned long o;
272
273 rsec = sec->rsec;
274 if (!rsec)
275 return NULL;
276
277 for_offset_range(o, offset, offset + len) {
278 elf_hash_for_each_possible(reloc, reloc, hash,
279 sec_offset_hash(rsec, o)) {
280 if (reloc->sec != rsec)
281 continue;
282
283 if (reloc_offset(reloc) >= offset &&
284 reloc_offset(reloc) < offset + len) {
285 if (!r || reloc_offset(reloc) < reloc_offset(r))
286 r = reloc;
287 }
288 }
289 if (r)
290 return r;
291 }
292
293 return NULL;
294}
295
296struct reloc *find_reloc_by_dest(const struct elf *elf, struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
297{
298 return find_reloc_by_dest_range(elf, sec, offset, 1);
299}
300
301static bool is_dwarf_section(struct section *sec)
302{
303 return !strncmp(sec->name, ".debug_", 7);
304}
305
306static int read_sections(struct elf *elf)
307{
308 Elf_Scn *s = NULL;
309 struct section *sec;
310 size_t shstrndx, sections_nr;
311 int i;
312
313 if (elf_getshdrnum(elf->elf, §ions_nr)) {
314 WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrnum");
315 return -1;
316 }
317
318 if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf->elf, &shstrndx)) {
319 WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrstrndx");
320 return -1;
321 }
322
323 if (!elf_alloc_hash(section, sections_nr) ||
324 !elf_alloc_hash(section_name, sections_nr))
325 return -1;
326
327 elf->section_data = calloc(sections_nr, sizeof(*sec));
328 if (!elf->section_data) {
329 perror("calloc");
330 return -1;
331 }
332 for (i = 0; i < sections_nr; i++) {
333 sec = &elf->section_data[i];
334
335 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->symbol_list);
336
337 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, i);
338 if (!s) {
339 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
340 return -1;
341 }
342
343 sec->idx = elf_ndxscn(s);
344
345 if (!gelf_getshdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
346 WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
347 return -1;
348 }
349
350 sec->name = elf_strptr(elf->elf, shstrndx, sec->sh.sh_name);
351 if (!sec->name) {
352 WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
353 return -1;
354 }
355
356 if (sec->sh.sh_size != 0 && !is_dwarf_section(sec)) {
357 sec->data = elf_getdata(s, NULL);
358 if (!sec->data) {
359 WARN_ELF("elf_getdata");
360 return -1;
361 }
362 if (sec->data->d_off != 0 ||
363 sec->data->d_size != sec->sh.sh_size) {
364 WARN("unexpected data attributes for %s",
365 sec->name);
366 return -1;
367 }
368 }
369
370 list_add_tail(&sec->list, &elf->sections);
371 elf_hash_add(section, &sec->hash, sec->idx);
372 elf_hash_add(section_name, &sec->name_hash, str_hash(sec->name));
373
374 if (is_reloc_sec(sec))
375 elf->num_relocs += sec_num_entries(sec);
376 }
377
378 if (opts.stats) {
379 printf("nr_sections: %lu\n", (unsigned long)sections_nr);
380 printf("section_bits: %d\n", elf->section_bits);
381 }
382
383 /* sanity check, one more call to elf_nextscn() should return NULL */
384 if (elf_nextscn(elf->elf, s)) {
385 WARN("section entry mismatch");
386 return -1;
387 }
388
389 return 0;
390}
391
392static void elf_add_symbol(struct elf *elf, struct symbol *sym)
393{
394 struct list_head *entry;
395 struct rb_node *pnode;
396 struct symbol *iter;
397
398 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sym->pv_target);
399 sym->alias = sym;
400
401 sym->type = GELF_ST_TYPE(sym->sym.st_info);
402 sym->bind = GELF_ST_BIND(sym->sym.st_info);
403
404 if (sym->type == STT_FILE)
405 elf->num_files++;
406
407 sym->offset = sym->sym.st_value;
408 sym->len = sym->sym.st_size;
409
410 __sym_for_each(iter, &sym->sec->symbol_tree, sym->offset, sym->offset) {
411 if (iter->offset == sym->offset && iter->type == sym->type)
412 iter->alias = sym;
413 }
414
415 __sym_insert(sym, &sym->sec->symbol_tree);
416 pnode = rb_prev(&sym->node);
417 if (pnode)
418 entry = &rb_entry(pnode, struct symbol, node)->list;
419 else
420 entry = &sym->sec->symbol_list;
421 list_add(&sym->list, entry);
422 elf_hash_add(symbol, &sym->hash, sym->idx);
423 elf_hash_add(symbol_name, &sym->name_hash, str_hash(sym->name));
424
425 /*
426 * Don't store empty STT_NOTYPE symbols in the rbtree. They
427 * can exist within a function, confusing the sorting.
428 */
429 if (!sym->len)
430 __sym_remove(sym, &sym->sec->symbol_tree);
431}
432
433static int read_symbols(struct elf *elf)
434{
435 struct section *symtab, *symtab_shndx, *sec;
436 struct symbol *sym, *pfunc;
437 int symbols_nr, i;
438 char *coldstr;
439 Elf_Data *shndx_data = NULL;
440 Elf32_Word shndx;
441
442 symtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab");
443 if (symtab) {
444 symtab_shndx = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab_shndx");
445 if (symtab_shndx)
446 shndx_data = symtab_shndx->data;
447
448 symbols_nr = sec_num_entries(symtab);
449 } else {
450 /*
451 * A missing symbol table is actually possible if it's an empty
452 * .o file. This can happen for thunk_64.o. Make sure to at
453 * least allocate the symbol hash tables so we can do symbol
454 * lookups without crashing.
455 */
456 symbols_nr = 0;
457 }
458
459 if (!elf_alloc_hash(symbol, symbols_nr) ||
460 !elf_alloc_hash(symbol_name, symbols_nr))
461 return -1;
462
463 elf->symbol_data = calloc(symbols_nr, sizeof(*sym));
464 if (!elf->symbol_data) {
465 perror("calloc");
466 return -1;
467 }
468 for (i = 0; i < symbols_nr; i++) {
469 sym = &elf->symbol_data[i];
470
471 sym->idx = i;
472
473 if (!gelf_getsymshndx(symtab->data, shndx_data, i, &sym->sym,
474 &shndx)) {
475 WARN_ELF("gelf_getsymshndx");
476 goto err;
477 }
478
479 sym->name = elf_strptr(elf->elf, symtab->sh.sh_link,
480 sym->sym.st_name);
481 if (!sym->name) {
482 WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
483 goto err;
484 }
485
486 if ((sym->sym.st_shndx > SHN_UNDEF &&
487 sym->sym.st_shndx < SHN_LORESERVE) ||
488 (shndx_data && sym->sym.st_shndx == SHN_XINDEX)) {
489 if (sym->sym.st_shndx != SHN_XINDEX)
490 shndx = sym->sym.st_shndx;
491
492 sym->sec = find_section_by_index(elf, shndx);
493 if (!sym->sec) {
494 WARN("couldn't find section for symbol %s",
495 sym->name);
496 goto err;
497 }
498 if (GELF_ST_TYPE(sym->sym.st_info) == STT_SECTION) {
499 sym->name = sym->sec->name;
500 sym->sec->sym = sym;
501 }
502 } else
503 sym->sec = find_section_by_index(elf, 0);
504
505 elf_add_symbol(elf, sym);
506 }
507
508 if (opts.stats) {
509 printf("nr_symbols: %lu\n", (unsigned long)symbols_nr);
510 printf("symbol_bits: %d\n", elf->symbol_bits);
511 }
512
513 /* Create parent/child links for any cold subfunctions */
514 list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
515 sec_for_each_sym(sec, sym) {
516 char *pname;
517 size_t pnamelen;
518 if (sym->type != STT_FUNC)
519 continue;
520
521 if (sym->pfunc == NULL)
522 sym->pfunc = sym;
523
524 if (sym->cfunc == NULL)
525 sym->cfunc = sym;
526
527 coldstr = strstr(sym->name, ".cold");
528 if (!coldstr)
529 continue;
530
531 pnamelen = coldstr - sym->name;
532 pname = strndup(sym->name, pnamelen);
533 if (!pname) {
534 WARN("%s(): failed to allocate memory",
535 sym->name);
536 return -1;
537 }
538
539 pfunc = find_symbol_by_name(elf, pname);
540 free(pname);
541
542 if (!pfunc) {
543 WARN("%s(): can't find parent function",
544 sym->name);
545 return -1;
546 }
547
548 sym->pfunc = pfunc;
549 pfunc->cfunc = sym;
550
551 /*
552 * Unfortunately, -fnoreorder-functions puts the child
553 * inside the parent. Remove the overlap so we can
554 * have sane assumptions.
555 *
556 * Note that pfunc->len now no longer matches
557 * pfunc->sym.st_size.
558 */
559 if (sym->sec == pfunc->sec &&
560 sym->offset >= pfunc->offset &&
561 sym->offset + sym->len == pfunc->offset + pfunc->len) {
562 pfunc->len -= sym->len;
563 }
564 }
565 }
566
567 return 0;
568
569err:
570 free(sym);
571 return -1;
572}
573
574/*
575 * @sym's idx has changed. Update the relocs which reference it.
576 */
577static int elf_update_sym_relocs(struct elf *elf, struct symbol *sym)
578{
579 struct reloc *reloc;
580
581 for (reloc = sym->relocs; reloc; reloc = reloc->sym_next_reloc)
582 set_reloc_sym(elf, reloc, reloc->sym->idx);
583
584 return 0;
585}
586
587/*
588 * The libelf API is terrible; gelf_update_sym*() takes a data block relative
589 * index value, *NOT* the symbol index. As such, iterate the data blocks and
590 * adjust index until it fits.
591 *
592 * If no data block is found, allow adding a new data block provided the index
593 * is only one past the end.
594 */
595static int elf_update_symbol(struct elf *elf, struct section *symtab,
596 struct section *symtab_shndx, struct symbol *sym)
597{
598 Elf32_Word shndx = sym->sec ? sym->sec->idx : SHN_UNDEF;
599 Elf_Data *symtab_data = NULL, *shndx_data = NULL;
600 Elf64_Xword entsize = symtab->sh.sh_entsize;
601 int max_idx, idx = sym->idx;
602 Elf_Scn *s, *t = NULL;
603 bool is_special_shndx = sym->sym.st_shndx >= SHN_LORESERVE &&
604 sym->sym.st_shndx != SHN_XINDEX;
605
606 if (is_special_shndx)
607 shndx = sym->sym.st_shndx;
608
609 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, symtab->idx);
610 if (!s) {
611 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
612 return -1;
613 }
614
615 if (symtab_shndx) {
616 t = elf_getscn(elf->elf, symtab_shndx->idx);
617 if (!t) {
618 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
619 return -1;
620 }
621 }
622
623 for (;;) {
624 /* get next data descriptor for the relevant sections */
625 symtab_data = elf_getdata(s, symtab_data);
626 if (t)
627 shndx_data = elf_getdata(t, shndx_data);
628
629 /* end-of-list */
630 if (!symtab_data) {
631 /*
632 * Over-allocate to avoid O(n^2) symbol creation
633 * behaviour. The down side is that libelf doesn't
634 * like this; see elf_truncate_section() for the fixup.
635 */
636 int num = max(1U, sym->idx/3);
637 void *buf;
638
639 if (idx) {
640 /* we don't do holes in symbol tables */
641 WARN("index out of range");
642 return -1;
643 }
644
645 /* if @idx == 0, it's the next contiguous entry, create it */
646 symtab_data = elf_newdata(s);
647 if (t)
648 shndx_data = elf_newdata(t);
649
650 buf = calloc(num, entsize);
651 if (!buf) {
652 WARN("malloc");
653 return -1;
654 }
655
656 symtab_data->d_buf = buf;
657 symtab_data->d_size = num * entsize;
658 symtab_data->d_align = 1;
659 symtab_data->d_type = ELF_T_SYM;
660
661 mark_sec_changed(elf, symtab, true);
662 symtab->truncate = true;
663
664 if (t) {
665 buf = calloc(num, sizeof(Elf32_Word));
666 if (!buf) {
667 WARN("malloc");
668 return -1;
669 }
670
671 shndx_data->d_buf = buf;
672 shndx_data->d_size = num * sizeof(Elf32_Word);
673 shndx_data->d_align = sizeof(Elf32_Word);
674 shndx_data->d_type = ELF_T_WORD;
675
676 mark_sec_changed(elf, symtab_shndx, true);
677 symtab_shndx->truncate = true;
678 }
679
680 break;
681 }
682
683 /* empty blocks should not happen */
684 if (!symtab_data->d_size) {
685 WARN("zero size data");
686 return -1;
687 }
688
689 /* is this the right block? */
690 max_idx = symtab_data->d_size / entsize;
691 if (idx < max_idx)
692 break;
693
694 /* adjust index and try again */
695 idx -= max_idx;
696 }
697
698 /* something went side-ways */
699 if (idx < 0) {
700 WARN("negative index");
701 return -1;
702 }
703
704 /* setup extended section index magic and write the symbol */
705 if ((shndx >= SHN_UNDEF && shndx < SHN_LORESERVE) || is_special_shndx) {
706 sym->sym.st_shndx = shndx;
707 if (!shndx_data)
708 shndx = 0;
709 } else {
710 sym->sym.st_shndx = SHN_XINDEX;
711 if (!shndx_data) {
712 WARN("no .symtab_shndx");
713 return -1;
714 }
715 }
716
717 if (!gelf_update_symshndx(symtab_data, shndx_data, idx, &sym->sym, shndx)) {
718 WARN_ELF("gelf_update_symshndx");
719 return -1;
720 }
721
722 return 0;
723}
724
725static struct symbol *
726__elf_create_symbol(struct elf *elf, struct symbol *sym)
727{
728 struct section *symtab, *symtab_shndx;
729 Elf32_Word first_non_local, new_idx;
730 struct symbol *old;
731
732 symtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab");
733 if (symtab) {
734 symtab_shndx = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab_shndx");
735 } else {
736 WARN("no .symtab");
737 return NULL;
738 }
739
740 new_idx = sec_num_entries(symtab);
741
742 if (GELF_ST_BIND(sym->sym.st_info) != STB_LOCAL)
743 goto non_local;
744
745 /*
746 * Move the first global symbol, as per sh_info, into a new, higher
747 * symbol index. This fees up a spot for a new local symbol.
748 */
749 first_non_local = symtab->sh.sh_info;
750 old = find_symbol_by_index(elf, first_non_local);
751 if (old) {
752
753 elf_hash_del(symbol, &old->hash, old->idx);
754 elf_hash_add(symbol, &old->hash, new_idx);
755 old->idx = new_idx;
756
757 if (elf_update_symbol(elf, symtab, symtab_shndx, old)) {
758 WARN("elf_update_symbol move");
759 return NULL;
760 }
761
762 if (elf_update_sym_relocs(elf, old))
763 return NULL;
764
765 new_idx = first_non_local;
766 }
767
768 /*
769 * Either way, we will add a LOCAL symbol.
770 */
771 symtab->sh.sh_info += 1;
772
773non_local:
774 sym->idx = new_idx;
775 if (elf_update_symbol(elf, symtab, symtab_shndx, sym)) {
776 WARN("elf_update_symbol");
777 return NULL;
778 }
779
780 symtab->sh.sh_size += symtab->sh.sh_entsize;
781 mark_sec_changed(elf, symtab, true);
782
783 if (symtab_shndx) {
784 symtab_shndx->sh.sh_size += sizeof(Elf32_Word);
785 mark_sec_changed(elf, symtab_shndx, true);
786 }
787
788 return sym;
789}
790
791static struct symbol *
792elf_create_section_symbol(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec)
793{
794 struct symbol *sym = calloc(1, sizeof(*sym));
795
796 if (!sym) {
797 perror("malloc");
798 return NULL;
799 }
800
801 sym->name = sec->name;
802 sym->sec = sec;
803
804 // st_name 0
805 sym->sym.st_info = GELF_ST_INFO(STB_LOCAL, STT_SECTION);
806 // st_other 0
807 // st_value 0
808 // st_size 0
809
810 sym = __elf_create_symbol(elf, sym);
811 if (sym)
812 elf_add_symbol(elf, sym);
813
814 return sym;
815}
816
817static int elf_add_string(struct elf *elf, struct section *strtab, char *str);
818
819struct symbol *
820elf_create_prefix_symbol(struct elf *elf, struct symbol *orig, long size)
821{
822 struct symbol *sym = calloc(1, sizeof(*sym));
823 size_t namelen = strlen(orig->name) + sizeof("__pfx_");
824 char *name = malloc(namelen);
825
826 if (!sym || !name) {
827 perror("malloc");
828 return NULL;
829 }
830
831 snprintf(name, namelen, "__pfx_%s", orig->name);
832
833 sym->name = name;
834 sym->sec = orig->sec;
835
836 sym->sym.st_name = elf_add_string(elf, NULL, name);
837 sym->sym.st_info = orig->sym.st_info;
838 sym->sym.st_value = orig->sym.st_value - size;
839 sym->sym.st_size = size;
840
841 sym = __elf_create_symbol(elf, sym);
842 if (sym)
843 elf_add_symbol(elf, sym);
844
845 return sym;
846}
847
848static struct reloc *elf_init_reloc(struct elf *elf, struct section *rsec,
849 unsigned int reloc_idx,
850 unsigned long offset, struct symbol *sym,
851 s64 addend, unsigned int type)
852{
853 struct reloc *reloc, empty = { 0 };
854
855 if (reloc_idx >= sec_num_entries(rsec)) {
856 WARN("%s: bad reloc_idx %u for %s with %d relocs",
857 __func__, reloc_idx, rsec->name, sec_num_entries(rsec));
858 return NULL;
859 }
860
861 reloc = &rsec->relocs[reloc_idx];
862
863 if (memcmp(reloc, &empty, sizeof(empty))) {
864 WARN("%s: %s: reloc %d already initialized!",
865 __func__, rsec->name, reloc_idx);
866 return NULL;
867 }
868
869 reloc->sec = rsec;
870 reloc->sym = sym;
871
872 set_reloc_offset(elf, reloc, offset);
873 set_reloc_sym(elf, reloc, sym->idx);
874 set_reloc_type(elf, reloc, type);
875 set_reloc_addend(elf, reloc, addend);
876
877 elf_hash_add(reloc, &reloc->hash, reloc_hash(reloc));
878 reloc->sym_next_reloc = sym->relocs;
879 sym->relocs = reloc;
880
881 return reloc;
882}
883
884struct reloc *elf_init_reloc_text_sym(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
885 unsigned long offset,
886 unsigned int reloc_idx,
887 struct section *insn_sec,
888 unsigned long insn_off)
889{
890 struct symbol *sym = insn_sec->sym;
891 int addend = insn_off;
892
893 if (!(insn_sec->sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)) {
894 WARN("bad call to %s() for data symbol %s",
895 __func__, sym->name);
896 return NULL;
897 }
898
899 if (!sym) {
900 /*
901 * Due to how weak functions work, we must use section based
902 * relocations. Symbol based relocations would result in the
903 * weak and non-weak function annotations being overlaid on the
904 * non-weak function after linking.
905 */
906 sym = elf_create_section_symbol(elf, insn_sec);
907 if (!sym)
908 return NULL;
909
910 insn_sec->sym = sym;
911 }
912
913 return elf_init_reloc(elf, sec->rsec, reloc_idx, offset, sym, addend,
914 elf_text_rela_type(elf));
915}
916
917struct reloc *elf_init_reloc_data_sym(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
918 unsigned long offset,
919 unsigned int reloc_idx,
920 struct symbol *sym,
921 s64 addend)
922{
923 if (sym->sec && (sec->sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)) {
924 WARN("bad call to %s() for text symbol %s",
925 __func__, sym->name);
926 return NULL;
927 }
928
929 return elf_init_reloc(elf, sec->rsec, reloc_idx, offset, sym, addend,
930 elf_data_rela_type(elf));
931}
932
933static int read_relocs(struct elf *elf)
934{
935 unsigned long nr_reloc, max_reloc = 0;
936 struct section *rsec;
937 struct reloc *reloc;
938 unsigned int symndx;
939 struct symbol *sym;
940 int i;
941
942 if (!elf_alloc_hash(reloc, elf->num_relocs))
943 return -1;
944
945 list_for_each_entry(rsec, &elf->sections, list) {
946 if (!is_reloc_sec(rsec))
947 continue;
948
949 rsec->base = find_section_by_index(elf, rsec->sh.sh_info);
950 if (!rsec->base) {
951 WARN("can't find base section for reloc section %s",
952 rsec->name);
953 return -1;
954 }
955
956 rsec->base->rsec = rsec;
957
958 nr_reloc = 0;
959 rsec->relocs = calloc(sec_num_entries(rsec), sizeof(*reloc));
960 if (!rsec->relocs) {
961 perror("calloc");
962 return -1;
963 }
964 for (i = 0; i < sec_num_entries(rsec); i++) {
965 reloc = &rsec->relocs[i];
966
967 reloc->sec = rsec;
968 symndx = reloc_sym(reloc);
969 reloc->sym = sym = find_symbol_by_index(elf, symndx);
970 if (!reloc->sym) {
971 WARN("can't find reloc entry symbol %d for %s",
972 symndx, rsec->name);
973 return -1;
974 }
975
976 elf_hash_add(reloc, &reloc->hash, reloc_hash(reloc));
977 reloc->sym_next_reloc = sym->relocs;
978 sym->relocs = reloc;
979
980 nr_reloc++;
981 }
982 max_reloc = max(max_reloc, nr_reloc);
983 }
984
985 if (opts.stats) {
986 printf("max_reloc: %lu\n", max_reloc);
987 printf("num_relocs: %lu\n", elf->num_relocs);
988 printf("reloc_bits: %d\n", elf->reloc_bits);
989 }
990
991 return 0;
992}
993
994struct elf *elf_open_read(const char *name, int flags)
995{
996 struct elf *elf;
997 Elf_Cmd cmd;
998
999 elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
1000
1001 elf = malloc(sizeof(*elf));
1002 if (!elf) {
1003 perror("malloc");
1004 return NULL;
1005 }
1006 memset(elf, 0, sizeof(*elf));
1007
1008 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&elf->sections);
1009
1010 elf->fd = open(name, flags);
1011 if (elf->fd == -1) {
1012 fprintf(stderr, "objtool: Can't open '%s': %s\n",
1013 name, strerror(errno));
1014 goto err;
1015 }
1016
1017 if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
1018 cmd = ELF_C_READ_MMAP;
1019 else if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDWR)
1020 cmd = ELF_C_RDWR;
1021 else /* O_WRONLY */
1022 cmd = ELF_C_WRITE;
1023
1024 elf->elf = elf_begin(elf->fd, cmd, NULL);
1025 if (!elf->elf) {
1026 WARN_ELF("elf_begin");
1027 goto err;
1028 }
1029
1030 if (!gelf_getehdr(elf->elf, &elf->ehdr)) {
1031 WARN_ELF("gelf_getehdr");
1032 goto err;
1033 }
1034
1035 if (read_sections(elf))
1036 goto err;
1037
1038 if (read_symbols(elf))
1039 goto err;
1040
1041 if (read_relocs(elf))
1042 goto err;
1043
1044 return elf;
1045
1046err:
1047 elf_close(elf);
1048 return NULL;
1049}
1050
1051static int elf_add_string(struct elf *elf, struct section *strtab, char *str)
1052{
1053 Elf_Data *data;
1054 Elf_Scn *s;
1055 int len;
1056
1057 if (!strtab)
1058 strtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".strtab");
1059 if (!strtab) {
1060 WARN("can't find .strtab section");
1061 return -1;
1062 }
1063
1064 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, strtab->idx);
1065 if (!s) {
1066 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
1067 return -1;
1068 }
1069
1070 data = elf_newdata(s);
1071 if (!data) {
1072 WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
1073 return -1;
1074 }
1075
1076 data->d_buf = str;
1077 data->d_size = strlen(str) + 1;
1078 data->d_align = 1;
1079
1080 len = strtab->sh.sh_size;
1081 strtab->sh.sh_size += data->d_size;
1082
1083 mark_sec_changed(elf, strtab, true);
1084
1085 return len;
1086}
1087
1088struct section *elf_create_section(struct elf *elf, const char *name,
1089 size_t entsize, unsigned int nr)
1090{
1091 struct section *sec, *shstrtab;
1092 size_t size = entsize * nr;
1093 Elf_Scn *s;
1094
1095 sec = malloc(sizeof(*sec));
1096 if (!sec) {
1097 perror("malloc");
1098 return NULL;
1099 }
1100 memset(sec, 0, sizeof(*sec));
1101
1102 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->symbol_list);
1103
1104 s = elf_newscn(elf->elf);
1105 if (!s) {
1106 WARN_ELF("elf_newscn");
1107 return NULL;
1108 }
1109
1110 sec->name = strdup(name);
1111 if (!sec->name) {
1112 perror("strdup");
1113 return NULL;
1114 }
1115
1116 sec->idx = elf_ndxscn(s);
1117
1118 sec->data = elf_newdata(s);
1119 if (!sec->data) {
1120 WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
1121 return NULL;
1122 }
1123
1124 sec->data->d_size = size;
1125 sec->data->d_align = 1;
1126
1127 if (size) {
1128 sec->data->d_buf = malloc(size);
1129 if (!sec->data->d_buf) {
1130 perror("malloc");
1131 return NULL;
1132 }
1133 memset(sec->data->d_buf, 0, size);
1134 }
1135
1136 if (!gelf_getshdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
1137 WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
1138 return NULL;
1139 }
1140
1141 sec->sh.sh_size = size;
1142 sec->sh.sh_entsize = entsize;
1143 sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
1144 sec->sh.sh_addralign = 1;
1145 sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC;
1146
1147 /* Add section name to .shstrtab (or .strtab for Clang) */
1148 shstrtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".shstrtab");
1149 if (!shstrtab)
1150 shstrtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".strtab");
1151 if (!shstrtab) {
1152 WARN("can't find .shstrtab or .strtab section");
1153 return NULL;
1154 }
1155 sec->sh.sh_name = elf_add_string(elf, shstrtab, sec->name);
1156 if (sec->sh.sh_name == -1)
1157 return NULL;
1158
1159 list_add_tail(&sec->list, &elf->sections);
1160 elf_hash_add(section, &sec->hash, sec->idx);
1161 elf_hash_add(section_name, &sec->name_hash, str_hash(sec->name));
1162
1163 mark_sec_changed(elf, sec, true);
1164
1165 return sec;
1166}
1167
1168static struct section *elf_create_rela_section(struct elf *elf,
1169 struct section *sec,
1170 unsigned int reloc_nr)
1171{
1172 struct section *rsec;
1173 char *rsec_name;
1174
1175 rsec_name = malloc(strlen(sec->name) + strlen(".rela") + 1);
1176 if (!rsec_name) {
1177 perror("malloc");
1178 return NULL;
1179 }
1180 strcpy(rsec_name, ".rela");
1181 strcat(rsec_name, sec->name);
1182
1183 rsec = elf_create_section(elf, rsec_name, elf_rela_size(elf), reloc_nr);
1184 free(rsec_name);
1185 if (!rsec)
1186 return NULL;
1187
1188 rsec->data->d_type = ELF_T_RELA;
1189 rsec->sh.sh_type = SHT_RELA;
1190 rsec->sh.sh_addralign = elf_addr_size(elf);
1191 rsec->sh.sh_link = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab")->idx;
1192 rsec->sh.sh_info = sec->idx;
1193 rsec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_INFO_LINK;
1194
1195 rsec->relocs = calloc(sec_num_entries(rsec), sizeof(struct reloc));
1196 if (!rsec->relocs) {
1197 perror("calloc");
1198 return NULL;
1199 }
1200
1201 sec->rsec = rsec;
1202 rsec->base = sec;
1203
1204 return rsec;
1205}
1206
1207struct section *elf_create_section_pair(struct elf *elf, const char *name,
1208 size_t entsize, unsigned int nr,
1209 unsigned int reloc_nr)
1210{
1211 struct section *sec;
1212
1213 sec = elf_create_section(elf, name, entsize, nr);
1214 if (!sec)
1215 return NULL;
1216
1217 if (!elf_create_rela_section(elf, sec, reloc_nr))
1218 return NULL;
1219
1220 return sec;
1221}
1222
1223int elf_write_insn(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
1224 unsigned long offset, unsigned int len,
1225 const char *insn)
1226{
1227 Elf_Data *data = sec->data;
1228
1229 if (data->d_type != ELF_T_BYTE || data->d_off) {
1230 WARN("write to unexpected data for section: %s", sec->name);
1231 return -1;
1232 }
1233
1234 memcpy(data->d_buf + offset, insn, len);
1235
1236 mark_sec_changed(elf, sec, true);
1237
1238 return 0;
1239}
1240
1241/*
1242 * When Elf_Scn::sh_size is smaller than the combined Elf_Data::d_size
1243 * do you:
1244 *
1245 * A) adhere to the section header and truncate the data, or
1246 * B) ignore the section header and write out all the data you've got?
1247 *
1248 * Yes, libelf sucks and we need to manually truncate if we over-allocate data.
1249 */
1250static int elf_truncate_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec)
1251{
1252 u64 size = sec->sh.sh_size;
1253 bool truncated = false;
1254 Elf_Data *data = NULL;
1255 Elf_Scn *s;
1256
1257 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, sec->idx);
1258 if (!s) {
1259 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
1260 return -1;
1261 }
1262
1263 for (;;) {
1264 /* get next data descriptor for the relevant section */
1265 data = elf_getdata(s, data);
1266
1267 if (!data) {
1268 if (size) {
1269 WARN("end of section data but non-zero size left\n");
1270 return -1;
1271 }
1272 return 0;
1273 }
1274
1275 if (truncated) {
1276 /* when we remove symbols */
1277 WARN("truncated; but more data\n");
1278 return -1;
1279 }
1280
1281 if (!data->d_size) {
1282 WARN("zero size data");
1283 return -1;
1284 }
1285
1286 if (data->d_size > size) {
1287 truncated = true;
1288 data->d_size = size;
1289 }
1290
1291 size -= data->d_size;
1292 }
1293}
1294
1295int elf_write(struct elf *elf)
1296{
1297 struct section *sec;
1298 Elf_Scn *s;
1299
1300 if (opts.dryrun)
1301 return 0;
1302
1303 /* Update changed relocation sections and section headers: */
1304 list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
1305 if (sec->truncate)
1306 elf_truncate_section(elf, sec);
1307
1308 if (sec_changed(sec)) {
1309 s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, sec->idx);
1310 if (!s) {
1311 WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
1312 return -1;
1313 }
1314
1315 /* Note this also flags the section dirty */
1316 if (!gelf_update_shdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
1317 WARN_ELF("gelf_update_shdr");
1318 return -1;
1319 }
1320
1321 mark_sec_changed(elf, sec, false);
1322 }
1323 }
1324
1325 /* Make sure the new section header entries get updated properly. */
1326 elf_flagelf(elf->elf, ELF_C_SET, ELF_F_DIRTY);
1327
1328 /* Write all changes to the file. */
1329 if (elf_update(elf->elf, ELF_C_WRITE) < 0) {
1330 WARN_ELF("elf_update");
1331 return -1;
1332 }
1333
1334 elf->changed = false;
1335
1336 return 0;
1337}
1338
1339void elf_close(struct elf *elf)
1340{
1341 if (elf->elf)
1342 elf_end(elf->elf);
1343
1344 if (elf->fd > 0)
1345 close(elf->fd);
1346
1347 /*
1348 * NOTE: All remaining allocations are leaked on purpose. Objtool is
1349 * about to exit anyway.
1350 */
1351}