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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2/*
3 * mm/percpu.c - percpu memory allocator
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
6 * Copyright (C) 2009 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
7 *
8 * Copyright (C) 2017 Facebook Inc.
9 * Copyright (C) 2017 Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
10 *
11 * The percpu allocator handles both static and dynamic areas. Percpu
12 * areas are allocated in chunks which are divided into units. There is
13 * a 1-to-1 mapping for units to possible cpus. These units are grouped
14 * based on NUMA properties of the machine.
15 *
16 * c0 c1 c2
17 * ------------------- ------------------- ------------
18 * | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 | | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 | | u0 | u1 | u
19 * ------------------- ...... ------------------- .... ------------
20 *
21 * Allocation is done by offsets into a unit's address space. Ie., an
22 * area of 512 bytes at 6k in c1 occupies 512 bytes at 6k in c1:u0,
23 * c1:u1, c1:u2, etc. On NUMA machines, the mapping may be non-linear
24 * and even sparse. Access is handled by configuring percpu base
25 * registers according to the cpu to unit mappings and offsetting the
26 * base address using pcpu_unit_size.
27 *
28 * There is special consideration for the first chunk which must handle
29 * the static percpu variables in the kernel image as allocation services
30 * are not online yet. In short, the first chunk is structured like so:
31 *
32 * <Static | [Reserved] | Dynamic>
33 *
34 * The static data is copied from the original section managed by the
35 * linker. The reserved section, if non-zero, primarily manages static
36 * percpu variables from kernel modules. Finally, the dynamic section
37 * takes care of normal allocations.
38 *
39 * The allocator organizes chunks into lists according to free size and
40 * memcg-awareness. To make a percpu allocation memcg-aware the __GFP_ACCOUNT
41 * flag should be passed. All memcg-aware allocations are sharing one set
42 * of chunks and all unaccounted allocations and allocations performed
43 * by processes belonging to the root memory cgroup are using the second set.
44 *
45 * The allocator tries to allocate from the fullest chunk first. Each chunk
46 * is managed by a bitmap with metadata blocks. The allocation map is updated
47 * on every allocation and free to reflect the current state while the boundary
48 * map is only updated on allocation. Each metadata block contains
49 * information to help mitigate the need to iterate over large portions
50 * of the bitmap. The reverse mapping from page to chunk is stored in
51 * the page's index. Lastly, units are lazily backed and grow in unison.
52 *
53 * There is a unique conversion that goes on here between bytes and bits.
54 * Each bit represents a fragment of size PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE. The chunk
55 * tracks the number of pages it is responsible for in nr_pages. Helper
56 * functions are used to convert from between the bytes, bits, and blocks.
57 * All hints are managed in bits unless explicitly stated.
58 *
59 * To use this allocator, arch code should do the following:
60 *
61 * - define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr() and __pcpu_ptr_to_addr() to translate
62 * regular address to percpu pointer and back if they need to be
63 * different from the default
64 *
65 * - use pcpu_setup_first_chunk() during percpu area initialization to
66 * setup the first chunk containing the kernel static percpu area
67 */
68
69#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
70
71#include <linux/bitmap.h>
72#include <linux/memblock.h>
73#include <linux/err.h>
74#include <linux/lcm.h>
75#include <linux/list.h>
76#include <linux/log2.h>
77#include <linux/mm.h>
78#include <linux/module.h>
79#include <linux/mutex.h>
80#include <linux/percpu.h>
81#include <linux/pfn.h>
82#include <linux/slab.h>
83#include <linux/spinlock.h>
84#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
85#include <linux/workqueue.h>
86#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
87#include <linux/sched.h>
88#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
89#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
90
91#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
92#include <asm/sections.h>
93#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
94#include <asm/io.h>
95
96#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
97#include <trace/events/percpu.h>
98
99#include "percpu-internal.h"
100
101/* the slots are sorted by free bytes left, 1-31 bytes share the same slot */
102#define PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT 5
103/* chunks in slots below this are subject to being sidelined on failed alloc */
104#define PCPU_SLOT_FAIL_THRESHOLD 3
105
106#define PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_LOW 2
107#define PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH 4
108
109#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
110/* default addr <-> pcpu_ptr mapping, override in asm/percpu.h if necessary */
111#ifndef __addr_to_pcpu_ptr
112#define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(addr) \
113 (void __percpu *)((unsigned long)(addr) - \
114 (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr + \
115 (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start)
116#endif
117#ifndef __pcpu_ptr_to_addr
118#define __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr) \
119 (void __force *)((unsigned long)(ptr) + \
120 (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - \
121 (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start)
122#endif
123#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
124/* on UP, it's always identity mapped */
125#define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(addr) (void __percpu *)(addr)
126#define __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr) (void __force *)(ptr)
127#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
128
129static int pcpu_unit_pages __ro_after_init;
130static int pcpu_unit_size __ro_after_init;
131static int pcpu_nr_units __ro_after_init;
132static int pcpu_atom_size __ro_after_init;
133int pcpu_nr_slots __ro_after_init;
134static size_t pcpu_chunk_struct_size __ro_after_init;
135
136/* cpus with the lowest and highest unit addresses */
137static unsigned int pcpu_low_unit_cpu __ro_after_init;
138static unsigned int pcpu_high_unit_cpu __ro_after_init;
139
140/* the address of the first chunk which starts with the kernel static area */
141void *pcpu_base_addr __ro_after_init;
142EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pcpu_base_addr);
143
144static const int *pcpu_unit_map __ro_after_init; /* cpu -> unit */
145const unsigned long *pcpu_unit_offsets __ro_after_init; /* cpu -> unit offset */
146
147/* group information, used for vm allocation */
148static int pcpu_nr_groups __ro_after_init;
149static const unsigned long *pcpu_group_offsets __ro_after_init;
150static const size_t *pcpu_group_sizes __ro_after_init;
151
152/*
153 * The first chunk which always exists. Note that unlike other
154 * chunks, this one can be allocated and mapped in several different
155 * ways and thus often doesn't live in the vmalloc area.
156 */
157struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_first_chunk __ro_after_init;
158
159/*
160 * Optional reserved chunk. This chunk reserves part of the first
161 * chunk and serves it for reserved allocations. When the reserved
162 * region doesn't exist, the following variable is NULL.
163 */
164struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_reserved_chunk __ro_after_init;
165
166DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pcpu_lock); /* all internal data structures */
167static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcpu_alloc_mutex); /* chunk create/destroy, [de]pop, map ext */
168
169struct list_head *pcpu_chunk_lists __ro_after_init; /* chunk list slots */
170
171/* chunks which need their map areas extended, protected by pcpu_lock */
172static LIST_HEAD(pcpu_map_extend_chunks);
173
174/*
175 * The number of empty populated pages, protected by pcpu_lock. The
176 * reserved chunk doesn't contribute to the count.
177 */
178int pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages;
179
180/*
181 * The number of populated pages in use by the allocator, protected by
182 * pcpu_lock. This number is kept per a unit per chunk (i.e. when a page gets
183 * allocated/deallocated, it is allocated/deallocated in all units of a chunk
184 * and increments/decrements this count by 1).
185 */
186static unsigned long pcpu_nr_populated;
187
188/*
189 * Balance work is used to populate or destroy chunks asynchronously. We
190 * try to keep the number of populated free pages between
191 * PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_LOW and HIGH for atomic allocations and at most one
192 * empty chunk.
193 */
194static void pcpu_balance_workfn(struct work_struct *work);
195static DECLARE_WORK(pcpu_balance_work, pcpu_balance_workfn);
196static bool pcpu_async_enabled __read_mostly;
197static bool pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed;
198
199static void pcpu_schedule_balance_work(void)
200{
201 if (pcpu_async_enabled)
202 schedule_work(&pcpu_balance_work);
203}
204
205/**
206 * pcpu_addr_in_chunk - check if the address is served from this chunk
207 * @chunk: chunk of interest
208 * @addr: percpu address
209 *
210 * RETURNS:
211 * True if the address is served from this chunk.
212 */
213static bool pcpu_addr_in_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, void *addr)
214{
215 void *start_addr, *end_addr;
216
217 if (!chunk)
218 return false;
219
220 start_addr = chunk->base_addr + chunk->start_offset;
221 end_addr = chunk->base_addr + chunk->nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE -
222 chunk->end_offset;
223
224 return addr >= start_addr && addr < end_addr;
225}
226
227static int __pcpu_size_to_slot(int size)
228{
229 int highbit = fls(size); /* size is in bytes */
230 return max(highbit - PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT + 2, 1);
231}
232
233static int pcpu_size_to_slot(int size)
234{
235 if (size == pcpu_unit_size)
236 return pcpu_nr_slots - 1;
237 return __pcpu_size_to_slot(size);
238}
239
240static int pcpu_chunk_slot(const struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
241{
242 const struct pcpu_block_md *chunk_md = &chunk->chunk_md;
243
244 if (chunk->free_bytes < PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE ||
245 chunk_md->contig_hint == 0)
246 return 0;
247
248 return pcpu_size_to_slot(chunk_md->contig_hint * PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE);
249}
250
251/* set the pointer to a chunk in a page struct */
252static void pcpu_set_page_chunk(struct page *page, struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu)
253{
254 page->index = (unsigned long)pcpu;
255}
256
257/* obtain pointer to a chunk from a page struct */
258static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_get_page_chunk(struct page *page)
259{
260 return (struct pcpu_chunk *)page->index;
261}
262
263static int __maybe_unused pcpu_page_idx(unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
264{
265 return pcpu_unit_map[cpu] * pcpu_unit_pages + page_idx;
266}
267
268static unsigned long pcpu_unit_page_offset(unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
269{
270 return pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu] + (page_idx << PAGE_SHIFT);
271}
272
273static unsigned long pcpu_chunk_addr(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
274 unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
275{
276 return (unsigned long)chunk->base_addr +
277 pcpu_unit_page_offset(cpu, page_idx);
278}
279
280/*
281 * The following are helper functions to help access bitmaps and convert
282 * between bitmap offsets to address offsets.
283 */
284static unsigned long *pcpu_index_alloc_map(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int index)
285{
286 return chunk->alloc_map +
287 (index * PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS / BITS_PER_LONG);
288}
289
290static unsigned long pcpu_off_to_block_index(int off)
291{
292 return off / PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS;
293}
294
295static unsigned long pcpu_off_to_block_off(int off)
296{
297 return off & (PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS - 1);
298}
299
300static unsigned long pcpu_block_off_to_off(int index, int off)
301{
302 return index * PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS + off;
303}
304
305/*
306 * pcpu_next_hint - determine which hint to use
307 * @block: block of interest
308 * @alloc_bits: size of allocation
309 *
310 * This determines if we should scan based on the scan_hint or first_free.
311 * In general, we want to scan from first_free to fulfill allocations by
312 * first fit. However, if we know a scan_hint at position scan_hint_start
313 * cannot fulfill an allocation, we can begin scanning from there knowing
314 * the contig_hint will be our fallback.
315 */
316static int pcpu_next_hint(struct pcpu_block_md *block, int alloc_bits)
317{
318 /*
319 * The three conditions below determine if we can skip past the
320 * scan_hint. First, does the scan hint exist. Second, is the
321 * contig_hint after the scan_hint (possibly not true iff
322 * contig_hint == scan_hint). Third, is the allocation request
323 * larger than the scan_hint.
324 */
325 if (block->scan_hint &&
326 block->contig_hint_start > block->scan_hint_start &&
327 alloc_bits > block->scan_hint)
328 return block->scan_hint_start + block->scan_hint;
329
330 return block->first_free;
331}
332
333/**
334 * pcpu_next_md_free_region - finds the next hint free area
335 * @chunk: chunk of interest
336 * @bit_off: chunk offset
337 * @bits: size of free area
338 *
339 * Helper function for pcpu_for_each_md_free_region. It checks
340 * block->contig_hint and performs aggregation across blocks to find the
341 * next hint. It modifies bit_off and bits in-place to be consumed in the
342 * loop.
343 */
344static void pcpu_next_md_free_region(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int *bit_off,
345 int *bits)
346{
347 int i = pcpu_off_to_block_index(*bit_off);
348 int block_off = pcpu_off_to_block_off(*bit_off);
349 struct pcpu_block_md *block;
350
351 *bits = 0;
352 for (block = chunk->md_blocks + i; i < pcpu_chunk_nr_blocks(chunk);
353 block++, i++) {
354 /* handles contig area across blocks */
355 if (*bits) {
356 *bits += block->left_free;
357 if (block->left_free == PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
358 continue;
359 return;
360 }
361
362 /*
363 * This checks three things. First is there a contig_hint to
364 * check. Second, have we checked this hint before by
365 * comparing the block_off. Third, is this the same as the
366 * right contig hint. In the last case, it spills over into
367 * the next block and should be handled by the contig area
368 * across blocks code.
369 */
370 *bits = block->contig_hint;
371 if (*bits && block->contig_hint_start >= block_off &&
372 *bits + block->contig_hint_start < PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS) {
373 *bit_off = pcpu_block_off_to_off(i,
374 block->contig_hint_start);
375 return;
376 }
377 /* reset to satisfy the second predicate above */
378 block_off = 0;
379
380 *bits = block->right_free;
381 *bit_off = (i + 1) * PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS - block->right_free;
382 }
383}
384
385/**
386 * pcpu_next_fit_region - finds fit areas for a given allocation request
387 * @chunk: chunk of interest
388 * @alloc_bits: size of allocation
389 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
390 * @bit_off: chunk offset
391 * @bits: size of free area
392 *
393 * Finds the next free region that is viable for use with a given size and
394 * alignment. This only returns if there is a valid area to be used for this
395 * allocation. block->first_free is returned if the allocation request fits
396 * within the block to see if the request can be fulfilled prior to the contig
397 * hint.
398 */
399static void pcpu_next_fit_region(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int alloc_bits,
400 int align, int *bit_off, int *bits)
401{
402 int i = pcpu_off_to_block_index(*bit_off);
403 int block_off = pcpu_off_to_block_off(*bit_off);
404 struct pcpu_block_md *block;
405
406 *bits = 0;
407 for (block = chunk->md_blocks + i; i < pcpu_chunk_nr_blocks(chunk);
408 block++, i++) {
409 /* handles contig area across blocks */
410 if (*bits) {
411 *bits += block->left_free;
412 if (*bits >= alloc_bits)
413 return;
414 if (block->left_free == PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
415 continue;
416 }
417
418 /* check block->contig_hint */
419 *bits = ALIGN(block->contig_hint_start, align) -
420 block->contig_hint_start;
421 /*
422 * This uses the block offset to determine if this has been
423 * checked in the prior iteration.
424 */
425 if (block->contig_hint &&
426 block->contig_hint_start >= block_off &&
427 block->contig_hint >= *bits + alloc_bits) {
428 int start = pcpu_next_hint(block, alloc_bits);
429
430 *bits += alloc_bits + block->contig_hint_start -
431 start;
432 *bit_off = pcpu_block_off_to_off(i, start);
433 return;
434 }
435 /* reset to satisfy the second predicate above */
436 block_off = 0;
437
438 *bit_off = ALIGN(PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS - block->right_free,
439 align);
440 *bits = PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS - *bit_off;
441 *bit_off = pcpu_block_off_to_off(i, *bit_off);
442 if (*bits >= alloc_bits)
443 return;
444 }
445
446 /* no valid offsets were found - fail condition */
447 *bit_off = pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk);
448}
449
450/*
451 * Metadata free area iterators. These perform aggregation of free areas
452 * based on the metadata blocks and return the offset @bit_off and size in
453 * bits of the free area @bits. pcpu_for_each_fit_region only returns when
454 * a fit is found for the allocation request.
455 */
456#define pcpu_for_each_md_free_region(chunk, bit_off, bits) \
457 for (pcpu_next_md_free_region((chunk), &(bit_off), &(bits)); \
458 (bit_off) < pcpu_chunk_map_bits((chunk)); \
459 (bit_off) += (bits) + 1, \
460 pcpu_next_md_free_region((chunk), &(bit_off), &(bits)))
461
462#define pcpu_for_each_fit_region(chunk, alloc_bits, align, bit_off, bits) \
463 for (pcpu_next_fit_region((chunk), (alloc_bits), (align), &(bit_off), \
464 &(bits)); \
465 (bit_off) < pcpu_chunk_map_bits((chunk)); \
466 (bit_off) += (bits), \
467 pcpu_next_fit_region((chunk), (alloc_bits), (align), &(bit_off), \
468 &(bits)))
469
470/**
471 * pcpu_mem_zalloc - allocate memory
472 * @size: bytes to allocate
473 * @gfp: allocation flags
474 *
475 * Allocate @size bytes. If @size is smaller than PAGE_SIZE,
476 * kzalloc() is used; otherwise, the equivalent of vzalloc() is used.
477 * This is to facilitate passing through whitelisted flags. The
478 * returned memory is always zeroed.
479 *
480 * RETURNS:
481 * Pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
482 */
483static void *pcpu_mem_zalloc(size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
484{
485 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!slab_is_available()))
486 return NULL;
487
488 if (size <= PAGE_SIZE)
489 return kzalloc(size, gfp);
490 else
491 return __vmalloc(size, gfp | __GFP_ZERO);
492}
493
494/**
495 * pcpu_mem_free - free memory
496 * @ptr: memory to free
497 *
498 * Free @ptr. @ptr should have been allocated using pcpu_mem_zalloc().
499 */
500static void pcpu_mem_free(void *ptr)
501{
502 kvfree(ptr);
503}
504
505static void __pcpu_chunk_move(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int slot,
506 bool move_front)
507{
508 if (chunk != pcpu_reserved_chunk) {
509 struct list_head *pcpu_slot;
510
511 pcpu_slot = pcpu_chunk_list(pcpu_chunk_type(chunk));
512 if (move_front)
513 list_move(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[slot]);
514 else
515 list_move_tail(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[slot]);
516 }
517}
518
519static void pcpu_chunk_move(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int slot)
520{
521 __pcpu_chunk_move(chunk, slot, true);
522}
523
524/**
525 * pcpu_chunk_relocate - put chunk in the appropriate chunk slot
526 * @chunk: chunk of interest
527 * @oslot: the previous slot it was on
528 *
529 * This function is called after an allocation or free changed @chunk.
530 * New slot according to the changed state is determined and @chunk is
531 * moved to the slot. Note that the reserved chunk is never put on
532 * chunk slots.
533 *
534 * CONTEXT:
535 * pcpu_lock.
536 */
537static void pcpu_chunk_relocate(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int oslot)
538{
539 int nslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
540
541 if (oslot != nslot)
542 __pcpu_chunk_move(chunk, nslot, oslot < nslot);
543}
544
545/*
546 * pcpu_update_empty_pages - update empty page counters
547 * @chunk: chunk of interest
548 * @nr: nr of empty pages
549 *
550 * This is used to keep track of the empty pages now based on the premise
551 * a md_block covers a page. The hint update functions recognize if a block
552 * is made full or broken to calculate deltas for keeping track of free pages.
553 */
554static inline void pcpu_update_empty_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int nr)
555{
556 chunk->nr_empty_pop_pages += nr;
557 if (chunk != pcpu_reserved_chunk)
558 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages += nr;
559}
560
561/*
562 * pcpu_region_overlap - determines if two regions overlap
563 * @a: start of first region, inclusive
564 * @b: end of first region, exclusive
565 * @x: start of second region, inclusive
566 * @y: end of second region, exclusive
567 *
568 * This is used to determine if the hint region [a, b) overlaps with the
569 * allocated region [x, y).
570 */
571static inline bool pcpu_region_overlap(int a, int b, int x, int y)
572{
573 return (a < y) && (x < b);
574}
575
576/**
577 * pcpu_block_update - updates a block given a free area
578 * @block: block of interest
579 * @start: start offset in block
580 * @end: end offset in block
581 *
582 * Updates a block given a known free area. The region [start, end) is
583 * expected to be the entirety of the free area within a block. Chooses
584 * the best starting offset if the contig hints are equal.
585 */
586static void pcpu_block_update(struct pcpu_block_md *block, int start, int end)
587{
588 int contig = end - start;
589
590 block->first_free = min(block->first_free, start);
591 if (start == 0)
592 block->left_free = contig;
593
594 if (end == block->nr_bits)
595 block->right_free = contig;
596
597 if (contig > block->contig_hint) {
598 /* promote the old contig_hint to be the new scan_hint */
599 if (start > block->contig_hint_start) {
600 if (block->contig_hint > block->scan_hint) {
601 block->scan_hint_start =
602 block->contig_hint_start;
603 block->scan_hint = block->contig_hint;
604 } else if (start < block->scan_hint_start) {
605 /*
606 * The old contig_hint == scan_hint. But, the
607 * new contig is larger so hold the invariant
608 * scan_hint_start < contig_hint_start.
609 */
610 block->scan_hint = 0;
611 }
612 } else {
613 block->scan_hint = 0;
614 }
615 block->contig_hint_start = start;
616 block->contig_hint = contig;
617 } else if (contig == block->contig_hint) {
618 if (block->contig_hint_start &&
619 (!start ||
620 __ffs(start) > __ffs(block->contig_hint_start))) {
621 /* start has a better alignment so use it */
622 block->contig_hint_start = start;
623 if (start < block->scan_hint_start &&
624 block->contig_hint > block->scan_hint)
625 block->scan_hint = 0;
626 } else if (start > block->scan_hint_start ||
627 block->contig_hint > block->scan_hint) {
628 /*
629 * Knowing contig == contig_hint, update the scan_hint
630 * if it is farther than or larger than the current
631 * scan_hint.
632 */
633 block->scan_hint_start = start;
634 block->scan_hint = contig;
635 }
636 } else {
637 /*
638 * The region is smaller than the contig_hint. So only update
639 * the scan_hint if it is larger than or equal and farther than
640 * the current scan_hint.
641 */
642 if ((start < block->contig_hint_start &&
643 (contig > block->scan_hint ||
644 (contig == block->scan_hint &&
645 start > block->scan_hint_start)))) {
646 block->scan_hint_start = start;
647 block->scan_hint = contig;
648 }
649 }
650}
651
652/*
653 * pcpu_block_update_scan - update a block given a free area from a scan
654 * @chunk: chunk of interest
655 * @bit_off: chunk offset
656 * @bits: size of free area
657 *
658 * Finding the final allocation spot first goes through pcpu_find_block_fit()
659 * to find a block that can hold the allocation and then pcpu_alloc_area()
660 * where a scan is used. When allocations require specific alignments,
661 * we can inadvertently create holes which will not be seen in the alloc
662 * or free paths.
663 *
664 * This takes a given free area hole and updates a block as it may change the
665 * scan_hint. We need to scan backwards to ensure we don't miss free bits
666 * from alignment.
667 */
668static void pcpu_block_update_scan(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int bit_off,
669 int bits)
670{
671 int s_off = pcpu_off_to_block_off(bit_off);
672 int e_off = s_off + bits;
673 int s_index, l_bit;
674 struct pcpu_block_md *block;
675
676 if (e_off > PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
677 return;
678
679 s_index = pcpu_off_to_block_index(bit_off);
680 block = chunk->md_blocks + s_index;
681
682 /* scan backwards in case of alignment skipping free bits */
683 l_bit = find_last_bit(pcpu_index_alloc_map(chunk, s_index), s_off);
684 s_off = (s_off == l_bit) ? 0 : l_bit + 1;
685
686 pcpu_block_update(block, s_off, e_off);
687}
688
689/**
690 * pcpu_chunk_refresh_hint - updates metadata about a chunk
691 * @chunk: chunk of interest
692 * @full_scan: if we should scan from the beginning
693 *
694 * Iterates over the metadata blocks to find the largest contig area.
695 * A full scan can be avoided on the allocation path as this is triggered
696 * if we broke the contig_hint. In doing so, the scan_hint will be before
697 * the contig_hint or after if the scan_hint == contig_hint. This cannot
698 * be prevented on freeing as we want to find the largest area possibly
699 * spanning blocks.
700 */
701static void pcpu_chunk_refresh_hint(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, bool full_scan)
702{
703 struct pcpu_block_md *chunk_md = &chunk->chunk_md;
704 int bit_off, bits;
705
706 /* promote scan_hint to contig_hint */
707 if (!full_scan && chunk_md->scan_hint) {
708 bit_off = chunk_md->scan_hint_start + chunk_md->scan_hint;
709 chunk_md->contig_hint_start = chunk_md->scan_hint_start;
710 chunk_md->contig_hint = chunk_md->scan_hint;
711 chunk_md->scan_hint = 0;
712 } else {
713 bit_off = chunk_md->first_free;
714 chunk_md->contig_hint = 0;
715 }
716
717 bits = 0;
718 pcpu_for_each_md_free_region(chunk, bit_off, bits)
719 pcpu_block_update(chunk_md, bit_off, bit_off + bits);
720}
721
722/**
723 * pcpu_block_refresh_hint
724 * @chunk: chunk of interest
725 * @index: index of the metadata block
726 *
727 * Scans over the block beginning at first_free and updates the block
728 * metadata accordingly.
729 */
730static void pcpu_block_refresh_hint(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int index)
731{
732 struct pcpu_block_md *block = chunk->md_blocks + index;
733 unsigned long *alloc_map = pcpu_index_alloc_map(chunk, index);
734 unsigned int rs, re, start; /* region start, region end */
735
736 /* promote scan_hint to contig_hint */
737 if (block->scan_hint) {
738 start = block->scan_hint_start + block->scan_hint;
739 block->contig_hint_start = block->scan_hint_start;
740 block->contig_hint = block->scan_hint;
741 block->scan_hint = 0;
742 } else {
743 start = block->first_free;
744 block->contig_hint = 0;
745 }
746
747 block->right_free = 0;
748
749 /* iterate over free areas and update the contig hints */
750 bitmap_for_each_clear_region(alloc_map, rs, re, start,
751 PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
752 pcpu_block_update(block, rs, re);
753}
754
755/**
756 * pcpu_block_update_hint_alloc - update hint on allocation path
757 * @chunk: chunk of interest
758 * @bit_off: chunk offset
759 * @bits: size of request
760 *
761 * Updates metadata for the allocation path. The metadata only has to be
762 * refreshed by a full scan iff the chunk's contig hint is broken. Block level
763 * scans are required if the block's contig hint is broken.
764 */
765static void pcpu_block_update_hint_alloc(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int bit_off,
766 int bits)
767{
768 struct pcpu_block_md *chunk_md = &chunk->chunk_md;
769 int nr_empty_pages = 0;
770 struct pcpu_block_md *s_block, *e_block, *block;
771 int s_index, e_index; /* block indexes of the freed allocation */
772 int s_off, e_off; /* block offsets of the freed allocation */
773
774 /*
775 * Calculate per block offsets.
776 * The calculation uses an inclusive range, but the resulting offsets
777 * are [start, end). e_index always points to the last block in the
778 * range.
779 */
780 s_index = pcpu_off_to_block_index(bit_off);
781 e_index = pcpu_off_to_block_index(bit_off + bits - 1);
782 s_off = pcpu_off_to_block_off(bit_off);
783 e_off = pcpu_off_to_block_off(bit_off + bits - 1) + 1;
784
785 s_block = chunk->md_blocks + s_index;
786 e_block = chunk->md_blocks + e_index;
787
788 /*
789 * Update s_block.
790 * block->first_free must be updated if the allocation takes its place.
791 * If the allocation breaks the contig_hint, a scan is required to
792 * restore this hint.
793 */
794 if (s_block->contig_hint == PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
795 nr_empty_pages++;
796
797 if (s_off == s_block->first_free)
798 s_block->first_free = find_next_zero_bit(
799 pcpu_index_alloc_map(chunk, s_index),
800 PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS,
801 s_off + bits);
802
803 if (pcpu_region_overlap(s_block->scan_hint_start,
804 s_block->scan_hint_start + s_block->scan_hint,
805 s_off,
806 s_off + bits))
807 s_block->scan_hint = 0;
808
809 if (pcpu_region_overlap(s_block->contig_hint_start,
810 s_block->contig_hint_start +
811 s_block->contig_hint,
812 s_off,
813 s_off + bits)) {
814 /* block contig hint is broken - scan to fix it */
815 if (!s_off)
816 s_block->left_free = 0;
817 pcpu_block_refresh_hint(chunk, s_index);
818 } else {
819 /* update left and right contig manually */
820 s_block->left_free = min(s_block->left_free, s_off);
821 if (s_index == e_index)
822 s_block->right_free = min_t(int, s_block->right_free,
823 PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS - e_off);
824 else
825 s_block->right_free = 0;
826 }
827
828 /*
829 * Update e_block.
830 */
831 if (s_index != e_index) {
832 if (e_block->contig_hint == PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
833 nr_empty_pages++;
834
835 /*
836 * When the allocation is across blocks, the end is along
837 * the left part of the e_block.
838 */
839 e_block->first_free = find_next_zero_bit(
840 pcpu_index_alloc_map(chunk, e_index),
841 PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS, e_off);
842
843 if (e_off == PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS) {
844 /* reset the block */
845 e_block++;
846 } else {
847 if (e_off > e_block->scan_hint_start)
848 e_block->scan_hint = 0;
849
850 e_block->left_free = 0;
851 if (e_off > e_block->contig_hint_start) {
852 /* contig hint is broken - scan to fix it */
853 pcpu_block_refresh_hint(chunk, e_index);
854 } else {
855 e_block->right_free =
856 min_t(int, e_block->right_free,
857 PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS - e_off);
858 }
859 }
860
861 /* update in-between md_blocks */
862 nr_empty_pages += (e_index - s_index - 1);
863 for (block = s_block + 1; block < e_block; block++) {
864 block->scan_hint = 0;
865 block->contig_hint = 0;
866 block->left_free = 0;
867 block->right_free = 0;
868 }
869 }
870
871 if (nr_empty_pages)
872 pcpu_update_empty_pages(chunk, -nr_empty_pages);
873
874 if (pcpu_region_overlap(chunk_md->scan_hint_start,
875 chunk_md->scan_hint_start +
876 chunk_md->scan_hint,
877 bit_off,
878 bit_off + bits))
879 chunk_md->scan_hint = 0;
880
881 /*
882 * The only time a full chunk scan is required is if the chunk
883 * contig hint is broken. Otherwise, it means a smaller space
884 * was used and therefore the chunk contig hint is still correct.
885 */
886 if (pcpu_region_overlap(chunk_md->contig_hint_start,
887 chunk_md->contig_hint_start +
888 chunk_md->contig_hint,
889 bit_off,
890 bit_off + bits))
891 pcpu_chunk_refresh_hint(chunk, false);
892}
893
894/**
895 * pcpu_block_update_hint_free - updates the block hints on the free path
896 * @chunk: chunk of interest
897 * @bit_off: chunk offset
898 * @bits: size of request
899 *
900 * Updates metadata for the allocation path. This avoids a blind block
901 * refresh by making use of the block contig hints. If this fails, it scans
902 * forward and backward to determine the extent of the free area. This is
903 * capped at the boundary of blocks.
904 *
905 * A chunk update is triggered if a page becomes free, a block becomes free,
906 * or the free spans across blocks. This tradeoff is to minimize iterating
907 * over the block metadata to update chunk_md->contig_hint.
908 * chunk_md->contig_hint may be off by up to a page, but it will never be more
909 * than the available space. If the contig hint is contained in one block, it
910 * will be accurate.
911 */
912static void pcpu_block_update_hint_free(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int bit_off,
913 int bits)
914{
915 int nr_empty_pages = 0;
916 struct pcpu_block_md *s_block, *e_block, *block;
917 int s_index, e_index; /* block indexes of the freed allocation */
918 int s_off, e_off; /* block offsets of the freed allocation */
919 int start, end; /* start and end of the whole free area */
920
921 /*
922 * Calculate per block offsets.
923 * The calculation uses an inclusive range, but the resulting offsets
924 * are [start, end). e_index always points to the last block in the
925 * range.
926 */
927 s_index = pcpu_off_to_block_index(bit_off);
928 e_index = pcpu_off_to_block_index(bit_off + bits - 1);
929 s_off = pcpu_off_to_block_off(bit_off);
930 e_off = pcpu_off_to_block_off(bit_off + bits - 1) + 1;
931
932 s_block = chunk->md_blocks + s_index;
933 e_block = chunk->md_blocks + e_index;
934
935 /*
936 * Check if the freed area aligns with the block->contig_hint.
937 * If it does, then the scan to find the beginning/end of the
938 * larger free area can be avoided.
939 *
940 * start and end refer to beginning and end of the free area
941 * within each their respective blocks. This is not necessarily
942 * the entire free area as it may span blocks past the beginning
943 * or end of the block.
944 */
945 start = s_off;
946 if (s_off == s_block->contig_hint + s_block->contig_hint_start) {
947 start = s_block->contig_hint_start;
948 } else {
949 /*
950 * Scan backwards to find the extent of the free area.
951 * find_last_bit returns the starting bit, so if the start bit
952 * is returned, that means there was no last bit and the
953 * remainder of the chunk is free.
954 */
955 int l_bit = find_last_bit(pcpu_index_alloc_map(chunk, s_index),
956 start);
957 start = (start == l_bit) ? 0 : l_bit + 1;
958 }
959
960 end = e_off;
961 if (e_off == e_block->contig_hint_start)
962 end = e_block->contig_hint_start + e_block->contig_hint;
963 else
964 end = find_next_bit(pcpu_index_alloc_map(chunk, e_index),
965 PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS, end);
966
967 /* update s_block */
968 e_off = (s_index == e_index) ? end : PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS;
969 if (!start && e_off == PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
970 nr_empty_pages++;
971 pcpu_block_update(s_block, start, e_off);
972
973 /* freeing in the same block */
974 if (s_index != e_index) {
975 /* update e_block */
976 if (end == PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS)
977 nr_empty_pages++;
978 pcpu_block_update(e_block, 0, end);
979
980 /* reset md_blocks in the middle */
981 nr_empty_pages += (e_index - s_index - 1);
982 for (block = s_block + 1; block < e_block; block++) {
983 block->first_free = 0;
984 block->scan_hint = 0;
985 block->contig_hint_start = 0;
986 block->contig_hint = PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS;
987 block->left_free = PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS;
988 block->right_free = PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS;
989 }
990 }
991
992 if (nr_empty_pages)
993 pcpu_update_empty_pages(chunk, nr_empty_pages);
994
995 /*
996 * Refresh chunk metadata when the free makes a block free or spans
997 * across blocks. The contig_hint may be off by up to a page, but if
998 * the contig_hint is contained in a block, it will be accurate with
999 * the else condition below.
1000 */
1001 if (((end - start) >= PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS) || s_index != e_index)
1002 pcpu_chunk_refresh_hint(chunk, true);
1003 else
1004 pcpu_block_update(&chunk->chunk_md,
1005 pcpu_block_off_to_off(s_index, start),
1006 end);
1007}
1008
1009/**
1010 * pcpu_is_populated - determines if the region is populated
1011 * @chunk: chunk of interest
1012 * @bit_off: chunk offset
1013 * @bits: size of area
1014 * @next_off: return value for the next offset to start searching
1015 *
1016 * For atomic allocations, check if the backing pages are populated.
1017 *
1018 * RETURNS:
1019 * Bool if the backing pages are populated.
1020 * next_index is to skip over unpopulated blocks in pcpu_find_block_fit.
1021 */
1022static bool pcpu_is_populated(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int bit_off, int bits,
1023 int *next_off)
1024{
1025 unsigned int page_start, page_end, rs, re;
1026
1027 page_start = PFN_DOWN(bit_off * PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE);
1028 page_end = PFN_UP((bit_off + bits) * PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE);
1029
1030 rs = page_start;
1031 bitmap_next_clear_region(chunk->populated, &rs, &re, page_end);
1032 if (rs >= page_end)
1033 return true;
1034
1035 *next_off = re * PAGE_SIZE / PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1036 return false;
1037}
1038
1039/**
1040 * pcpu_find_block_fit - finds the block index to start searching
1041 * @chunk: chunk of interest
1042 * @alloc_bits: size of request in allocation units
1043 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE bytes)
1044 * @pop_only: use populated regions only
1045 *
1046 * Given a chunk and an allocation spec, find the offset to begin searching
1047 * for a free region. This iterates over the bitmap metadata blocks to
1048 * find an offset that will be guaranteed to fit the requirements. It is
1049 * not quite first fit as if the allocation does not fit in the contig hint
1050 * of a block or chunk, it is skipped. This errs on the side of caution
1051 * to prevent excess iteration. Poor alignment can cause the allocator to
1052 * skip over blocks and chunks that have valid free areas.
1053 *
1054 * RETURNS:
1055 * The offset in the bitmap to begin searching.
1056 * -1 if no offset is found.
1057 */
1058static int pcpu_find_block_fit(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int alloc_bits,
1059 size_t align, bool pop_only)
1060{
1061 struct pcpu_block_md *chunk_md = &chunk->chunk_md;
1062 int bit_off, bits, next_off;
1063
1064 /*
1065 * Check to see if the allocation can fit in the chunk's contig hint.
1066 * This is an optimization to prevent scanning by assuming if it
1067 * cannot fit in the global hint, there is memory pressure and creating
1068 * a new chunk would happen soon.
1069 */
1070 bit_off = ALIGN(chunk_md->contig_hint_start, align) -
1071 chunk_md->contig_hint_start;
1072 if (bit_off + alloc_bits > chunk_md->contig_hint)
1073 return -1;
1074
1075 bit_off = pcpu_next_hint(chunk_md, alloc_bits);
1076 bits = 0;
1077 pcpu_for_each_fit_region(chunk, alloc_bits, align, bit_off, bits) {
1078 if (!pop_only || pcpu_is_populated(chunk, bit_off, bits,
1079 &next_off))
1080 break;
1081
1082 bit_off = next_off;
1083 bits = 0;
1084 }
1085
1086 if (bit_off == pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk))
1087 return -1;
1088
1089 return bit_off;
1090}
1091
1092/*
1093 * pcpu_find_zero_area - modified from bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off()
1094 * @map: the address to base the search on
1095 * @size: the bitmap size in bits
1096 * @start: the bitnumber to start searching at
1097 * @nr: the number of zeroed bits we're looking for
1098 * @align_mask: alignment mask for zero area
1099 * @largest_off: offset of the largest area skipped
1100 * @largest_bits: size of the largest area skipped
1101 *
1102 * The @align_mask should be one less than a power of 2.
1103 *
1104 * This is a modified version of bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off() to remember
1105 * the largest area that was skipped. This is imperfect, but in general is
1106 * good enough. The largest remembered region is the largest failed region
1107 * seen. This does not include anything we possibly skipped due to alignment.
1108 * pcpu_block_update_scan() does scan backwards to try and recover what was
1109 * lost to alignment. While this can cause scanning to miss earlier possible
1110 * free areas, smaller allocations will eventually fill those holes.
1111 */
1112static unsigned long pcpu_find_zero_area(unsigned long *map,
1113 unsigned long size,
1114 unsigned long start,
1115 unsigned long nr,
1116 unsigned long align_mask,
1117 unsigned long *largest_off,
1118 unsigned long *largest_bits)
1119{
1120 unsigned long index, end, i, area_off, area_bits;
1121again:
1122 index = find_next_zero_bit(map, size, start);
1123
1124 /* Align allocation */
1125 index = __ALIGN_MASK(index, align_mask);
1126 area_off = index;
1127
1128 end = index + nr;
1129 if (end > size)
1130 return end;
1131 i = find_next_bit(map, end, index);
1132 if (i < end) {
1133 area_bits = i - area_off;
1134 /* remember largest unused area with best alignment */
1135 if (area_bits > *largest_bits ||
1136 (area_bits == *largest_bits && *largest_off &&
1137 (!area_off || __ffs(area_off) > __ffs(*largest_off)))) {
1138 *largest_off = area_off;
1139 *largest_bits = area_bits;
1140 }
1141
1142 start = i + 1;
1143 goto again;
1144 }
1145 return index;
1146}
1147
1148/**
1149 * pcpu_alloc_area - allocates an area from a pcpu_chunk
1150 * @chunk: chunk of interest
1151 * @alloc_bits: size of request in allocation units
1152 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1153 * @start: bit_off to start searching
1154 *
1155 * This function takes in a @start offset to begin searching to fit an
1156 * allocation of @alloc_bits with alignment @align. It needs to scan
1157 * the allocation map because if it fits within the block's contig hint,
1158 * @start will be block->first_free. This is an attempt to fill the
1159 * allocation prior to breaking the contig hint. The allocation and
1160 * boundary maps are updated accordingly if it confirms a valid
1161 * free area.
1162 *
1163 * RETURNS:
1164 * Allocated addr offset in @chunk on success.
1165 * -1 if no matching area is found.
1166 */
1167static int pcpu_alloc_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int alloc_bits,
1168 size_t align, int start)
1169{
1170 struct pcpu_block_md *chunk_md = &chunk->chunk_md;
1171 size_t align_mask = (align) ? (align - 1) : 0;
1172 unsigned long area_off = 0, area_bits = 0;
1173 int bit_off, end, oslot;
1174
1175 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_lock);
1176
1177 oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
1178
1179 /*
1180 * Search to find a fit.
1181 */
1182 end = min_t(int, start + alloc_bits + PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS,
1183 pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk));
1184 bit_off = pcpu_find_zero_area(chunk->alloc_map, end, start, alloc_bits,
1185 align_mask, &area_off, &area_bits);
1186 if (bit_off >= end)
1187 return -1;
1188
1189 if (area_bits)
1190 pcpu_block_update_scan(chunk, area_off, area_bits);
1191
1192 /* update alloc map */
1193 bitmap_set(chunk->alloc_map, bit_off, alloc_bits);
1194
1195 /* update boundary map */
1196 set_bit(bit_off, chunk->bound_map);
1197 bitmap_clear(chunk->bound_map, bit_off + 1, alloc_bits - 1);
1198 set_bit(bit_off + alloc_bits, chunk->bound_map);
1199
1200 chunk->free_bytes -= alloc_bits * PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1201
1202 /* update first free bit */
1203 if (bit_off == chunk_md->first_free)
1204 chunk_md->first_free = find_next_zero_bit(
1205 chunk->alloc_map,
1206 pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk),
1207 bit_off + alloc_bits);
1208
1209 pcpu_block_update_hint_alloc(chunk, bit_off, alloc_bits);
1210
1211 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);
1212
1213 return bit_off * PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1214}
1215
1216/**
1217 * pcpu_free_area - frees the corresponding offset
1218 * @chunk: chunk of interest
1219 * @off: addr offset into chunk
1220 *
1221 * This function determines the size of an allocation to free using
1222 * the boundary bitmap and clears the allocation map.
1223 *
1224 * RETURNS:
1225 * Number of freed bytes.
1226 */
1227static int pcpu_free_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off)
1228{
1229 struct pcpu_block_md *chunk_md = &chunk->chunk_md;
1230 int bit_off, bits, end, oslot, freed;
1231
1232 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_lock);
1233 pcpu_stats_area_dealloc(chunk);
1234
1235 oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
1236
1237 bit_off = off / PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1238
1239 /* find end index */
1240 end = find_next_bit(chunk->bound_map, pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk),
1241 bit_off + 1);
1242 bits = end - bit_off;
1243 bitmap_clear(chunk->alloc_map, bit_off, bits);
1244
1245 freed = bits * PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1246
1247 /* update metadata */
1248 chunk->free_bytes += freed;
1249
1250 /* update first free bit */
1251 chunk_md->first_free = min(chunk_md->first_free, bit_off);
1252
1253 pcpu_block_update_hint_free(chunk, bit_off, bits);
1254
1255 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);
1256
1257 return freed;
1258}
1259
1260static void pcpu_init_md_block(struct pcpu_block_md *block, int nr_bits)
1261{
1262 block->scan_hint = 0;
1263 block->contig_hint = nr_bits;
1264 block->left_free = nr_bits;
1265 block->right_free = nr_bits;
1266 block->first_free = 0;
1267 block->nr_bits = nr_bits;
1268}
1269
1270static void pcpu_init_md_blocks(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
1271{
1272 struct pcpu_block_md *md_block;
1273
1274 /* init the chunk's block */
1275 pcpu_init_md_block(&chunk->chunk_md, pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk));
1276
1277 for (md_block = chunk->md_blocks;
1278 md_block != chunk->md_blocks + pcpu_chunk_nr_blocks(chunk);
1279 md_block++)
1280 pcpu_init_md_block(md_block, PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_BITS);
1281}
1282
1283/**
1284 * pcpu_alloc_first_chunk - creates chunks that serve the first chunk
1285 * @tmp_addr: the start of the region served
1286 * @map_size: size of the region served
1287 *
1288 * This is responsible for creating the chunks that serve the first chunk. The
1289 * base_addr is page aligned down of @tmp_addr while the region end is page
1290 * aligned up. Offsets are kept track of to determine the region served. All
1291 * this is done to appease the bitmap allocator in avoiding partial blocks.
1292 *
1293 * RETURNS:
1294 * Chunk serving the region at @tmp_addr of @map_size.
1295 */
1296static struct pcpu_chunk * __init pcpu_alloc_first_chunk(unsigned long tmp_addr,
1297 int map_size)
1298{
1299 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
1300 unsigned long aligned_addr, lcm_align;
1301 int start_offset, offset_bits, region_size, region_bits;
1302 size_t alloc_size;
1303
1304 /* region calculations */
1305 aligned_addr = tmp_addr & PAGE_MASK;
1306
1307 start_offset = tmp_addr - aligned_addr;
1308
1309 /*
1310 * Align the end of the region with the LCM of PAGE_SIZE and
1311 * PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_SIZE. One of these constants is a multiple of
1312 * the other.
1313 */
1314 lcm_align = lcm(PAGE_SIZE, PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_SIZE);
1315 region_size = ALIGN(start_offset + map_size, lcm_align);
1316
1317 /* allocate chunk */
1318 alloc_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk) +
1319 BITS_TO_LONGS(region_size >> PAGE_SHIFT) * sizeof(unsigned long);
1320 chunk = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1321 if (!chunk)
1322 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
1323 alloc_size);
1324
1325 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->list);
1326
1327 chunk->base_addr = (void *)aligned_addr;
1328 chunk->start_offset = start_offset;
1329 chunk->end_offset = region_size - chunk->start_offset - map_size;
1330
1331 chunk->nr_pages = region_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
1332 region_bits = pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk);
1333
1334 alloc_size = BITS_TO_LONGS(region_bits) * sizeof(chunk->alloc_map[0]);
1335 chunk->alloc_map = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1336 if (!chunk->alloc_map)
1337 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
1338 alloc_size);
1339
1340 alloc_size =
1341 BITS_TO_LONGS(region_bits + 1) * sizeof(chunk->bound_map[0]);
1342 chunk->bound_map = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1343 if (!chunk->bound_map)
1344 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
1345 alloc_size);
1346
1347 alloc_size = pcpu_chunk_nr_blocks(chunk) * sizeof(chunk->md_blocks[0]);
1348 chunk->md_blocks = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1349 if (!chunk->md_blocks)
1350 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
1351 alloc_size);
1352
1353#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
1354 /* first chunk isn't memcg-aware */
1355 chunk->obj_cgroups = NULL;
1356#endif
1357 pcpu_init_md_blocks(chunk);
1358
1359 /* manage populated page bitmap */
1360 chunk->immutable = true;
1361 bitmap_fill(chunk->populated, chunk->nr_pages);
1362 chunk->nr_populated = chunk->nr_pages;
1363 chunk->nr_empty_pop_pages = chunk->nr_pages;
1364
1365 chunk->free_bytes = map_size;
1366
1367 if (chunk->start_offset) {
1368 /* hide the beginning of the bitmap */
1369 offset_bits = chunk->start_offset / PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1370 bitmap_set(chunk->alloc_map, 0, offset_bits);
1371 set_bit(0, chunk->bound_map);
1372 set_bit(offset_bits, chunk->bound_map);
1373
1374 chunk->chunk_md.first_free = offset_bits;
1375
1376 pcpu_block_update_hint_alloc(chunk, 0, offset_bits);
1377 }
1378
1379 if (chunk->end_offset) {
1380 /* hide the end of the bitmap */
1381 offset_bits = chunk->end_offset / PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1382 bitmap_set(chunk->alloc_map,
1383 pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk) - offset_bits,
1384 offset_bits);
1385 set_bit((start_offset + map_size) / PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE,
1386 chunk->bound_map);
1387 set_bit(region_bits, chunk->bound_map);
1388
1389 pcpu_block_update_hint_alloc(chunk, pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk)
1390 - offset_bits, offset_bits);
1391 }
1392
1393 return chunk;
1394}
1395
1396static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_alloc_chunk(enum pcpu_chunk_type type, gfp_t gfp)
1397{
1398 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
1399 int region_bits;
1400
1401 chunk = pcpu_mem_zalloc(pcpu_chunk_struct_size, gfp);
1402 if (!chunk)
1403 return NULL;
1404
1405 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->list);
1406 chunk->nr_pages = pcpu_unit_pages;
1407 region_bits = pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk);
1408
1409 chunk->alloc_map = pcpu_mem_zalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(region_bits) *
1410 sizeof(chunk->alloc_map[0]), gfp);
1411 if (!chunk->alloc_map)
1412 goto alloc_map_fail;
1413
1414 chunk->bound_map = pcpu_mem_zalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(region_bits + 1) *
1415 sizeof(chunk->bound_map[0]), gfp);
1416 if (!chunk->bound_map)
1417 goto bound_map_fail;
1418
1419 chunk->md_blocks = pcpu_mem_zalloc(pcpu_chunk_nr_blocks(chunk) *
1420 sizeof(chunk->md_blocks[0]), gfp);
1421 if (!chunk->md_blocks)
1422 goto md_blocks_fail;
1423
1424#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
1425 if (pcpu_is_memcg_chunk(type)) {
1426 chunk->obj_cgroups =
1427 pcpu_mem_zalloc(pcpu_chunk_map_bits(chunk) *
1428 sizeof(struct obj_cgroup *), gfp);
1429 if (!chunk->obj_cgroups)
1430 goto objcg_fail;
1431 }
1432#endif
1433
1434 pcpu_init_md_blocks(chunk);
1435
1436 /* init metadata */
1437 chunk->free_bytes = chunk->nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
1438
1439 return chunk;
1440
1441#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
1442objcg_fail:
1443 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->md_blocks);
1444#endif
1445md_blocks_fail:
1446 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->bound_map);
1447bound_map_fail:
1448 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->alloc_map);
1449alloc_map_fail:
1450 pcpu_mem_free(chunk);
1451
1452 return NULL;
1453}
1454
1455static void pcpu_free_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
1456{
1457 if (!chunk)
1458 return;
1459#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
1460 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->obj_cgroups);
1461#endif
1462 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->md_blocks);
1463 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->bound_map);
1464 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->alloc_map);
1465 pcpu_mem_free(chunk);
1466}
1467
1468/**
1469 * pcpu_chunk_populated - post-population bookkeeping
1470 * @chunk: pcpu_chunk which got populated
1471 * @page_start: the start page
1472 * @page_end: the end page
1473 *
1474 * Pages in [@page_start,@page_end) have been populated to @chunk. Update
1475 * the bookkeeping information accordingly. Must be called after each
1476 * successful population.
1477 *
1478 * If this is @for_alloc, do not increment pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages because it
1479 * is to serve an allocation in that area.
1480 */
1481static void pcpu_chunk_populated(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int page_start,
1482 int page_end)
1483{
1484 int nr = page_end - page_start;
1485
1486 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_lock);
1487
1488 bitmap_set(chunk->populated, page_start, nr);
1489 chunk->nr_populated += nr;
1490 pcpu_nr_populated += nr;
1491
1492 pcpu_update_empty_pages(chunk, nr);
1493}
1494
1495/**
1496 * pcpu_chunk_depopulated - post-depopulation bookkeeping
1497 * @chunk: pcpu_chunk which got depopulated
1498 * @page_start: the start page
1499 * @page_end: the end page
1500 *
1501 * Pages in [@page_start,@page_end) have been depopulated from @chunk.
1502 * Update the bookkeeping information accordingly. Must be called after
1503 * each successful depopulation.
1504 */
1505static void pcpu_chunk_depopulated(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
1506 int page_start, int page_end)
1507{
1508 int nr = page_end - page_start;
1509
1510 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_lock);
1511
1512 bitmap_clear(chunk->populated, page_start, nr);
1513 chunk->nr_populated -= nr;
1514 pcpu_nr_populated -= nr;
1515
1516 pcpu_update_empty_pages(chunk, -nr);
1517}
1518
1519/*
1520 * Chunk management implementation.
1521 *
1522 * To allow different implementations, chunk alloc/free and
1523 * [de]population are implemented in a separate file which is pulled
1524 * into this file and compiled together. The following functions
1525 * should be implemented.
1526 *
1527 * pcpu_populate_chunk - populate the specified range of a chunk
1528 * pcpu_depopulate_chunk - depopulate the specified range of a chunk
1529 * pcpu_create_chunk - create a new chunk
1530 * pcpu_destroy_chunk - destroy a chunk, always preceded by full depop
1531 * pcpu_addr_to_page - translate address to physical address
1532 * pcpu_verify_alloc_info - check alloc_info is acceptable during init
1533 */
1534static int pcpu_populate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
1535 int page_start, int page_end, gfp_t gfp);
1536static void pcpu_depopulate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
1537 int page_start, int page_end);
1538static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_create_chunk(enum pcpu_chunk_type type,
1539 gfp_t gfp);
1540static void pcpu_destroy_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk);
1541static struct page *pcpu_addr_to_page(void *addr);
1542static int __init pcpu_verify_alloc_info(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai);
1543
1544#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_KM
1545#include "percpu-km.c"
1546#else
1547#include "percpu-vm.c"
1548#endif
1549
1550/**
1551 * pcpu_chunk_addr_search - determine chunk containing specified address
1552 * @addr: address for which the chunk needs to be determined.
1553 *
1554 * This is an internal function that handles all but static allocations.
1555 * Static percpu address values should never be passed into the allocator.
1556 *
1557 * RETURNS:
1558 * The address of the found chunk.
1559 */
1560static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_chunk_addr_search(void *addr)
1561{
1562 /* is it in the dynamic region (first chunk)? */
1563 if (pcpu_addr_in_chunk(pcpu_first_chunk, addr))
1564 return pcpu_first_chunk;
1565
1566 /* is it in the reserved region? */
1567 if (pcpu_addr_in_chunk(pcpu_reserved_chunk, addr))
1568 return pcpu_reserved_chunk;
1569
1570 /*
1571 * The address is relative to unit0 which might be unused and
1572 * thus unmapped. Offset the address to the unit space of the
1573 * current processor before looking it up in the vmalloc
1574 * space. Note that any possible cpu id can be used here, so
1575 * there's no need to worry about preemption or cpu hotplug.
1576 */
1577 addr += pcpu_unit_offsets[raw_smp_processor_id()];
1578 return pcpu_get_page_chunk(pcpu_addr_to_page(addr));
1579}
1580
1581#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
1582static enum pcpu_chunk_type pcpu_memcg_pre_alloc_hook(size_t size, gfp_t gfp,
1583 struct obj_cgroup **objcgp)
1584{
1585 struct obj_cgroup *objcg;
1586
1587 if (!memcg_kmem_enabled() || !(gfp & __GFP_ACCOUNT) ||
1588 memcg_kmem_bypass())
1589 return PCPU_CHUNK_ROOT;
1590
1591 objcg = get_obj_cgroup_from_current();
1592 if (!objcg)
1593 return PCPU_CHUNK_ROOT;
1594
1595 if (obj_cgroup_charge(objcg, gfp, size * num_possible_cpus())) {
1596 obj_cgroup_put(objcg);
1597 return PCPU_FAIL_ALLOC;
1598 }
1599
1600 *objcgp = objcg;
1601 return PCPU_CHUNK_MEMCG;
1602}
1603
1604static void pcpu_memcg_post_alloc_hook(struct obj_cgroup *objcg,
1605 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off,
1606 size_t size)
1607{
1608 if (!objcg)
1609 return;
1610
1611 if (chunk) {
1612 chunk->obj_cgroups[off >> PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SHIFT] = objcg;
1613
1614 rcu_read_lock();
1615 mod_memcg_state(obj_cgroup_memcg(objcg), MEMCG_PERCPU_B,
1616 size * num_possible_cpus());
1617 rcu_read_unlock();
1618 } else {
1619 obj_cgroup_uncharge(objcg, size * num_possible_cpus());
1620 obj_cgroup_put(objcg);
1621 }
1622}
1623
1624static void pcpu_memcg_free_hook(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, size_t size)
1625{
1626 struct obj_cgroup *objcg;
1627
1628 if (!pcpu_is_memcg_chunk(pcpu_chunk_type(chunk)))
1629 return;
1630
1631 objcg = chunk->obj_cgroups[off >> PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SHIFT];
1632 chunk->obj_cgroups[off >> PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SHIFT] = NULL;
1633
1634 obj_cgroup_uncharge(objcg, size * num_possible_cpus());
1635
1636 rcu_read_lock();
1637 mod_memcg_state(obj_cgroup_memcg(objcg), MEMCG_PERCPU_B,
1638 -(size * num_possible_cpus()));
1639 rcu_read_unlock();
1640
1641 obj_cgroup_put(objcg);
1642}
1643
1644#else /* CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM */
1645static enum pcpu_chunk_type
1646pcpu_memcg_pre_alloc_hook(size_t size, gfp_t gfp, struct obj_cgroup **objcgp)
1647{
1648 return PCPU_CHUNK_ROOT;
1649}
1650
1651static void pcpu_memcg_post_alloc_hook(struct obj_cgroup *objcg,
1652 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off,
1653 size_t size)
1654{
1655}
1656
1657static void pcpu_memcg_free_hook(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, size_t size)
1658{
1659}
1660#endif /* CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM */
1661
1662/**
1663 * pcpu_alloc - the percpu allocator
1664 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
1665 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1666 * @reserved: allocate from the reserved chunk if available
1667 * @gfp: allocation flags
1668 *
1669 * Allocate percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align. If @gfp doesn't
1670 * contain %GFP_KERNEL, the allocation is atomic. If @gfp has __GFP_NOWARN
1671 * then no warning will be triggered on invalid or failed allocation
1672 * requests.
1673 *
1674 * RETURNS:
1675 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
1676 */
1677static void __percpu *pcpu_alloc(size_t size, size_t align, bool reserved,
1678 gfp_t gfp)
1679{
1680 gfp_t pcpu_gfp;
1681 bool is_atomic;
1682 bool do_warn;
1683 enum pcpu_chunk_type type;
1684 struct list_head *pcpu_slot;
1685 struct obj_cgroup *objcg = NULL;
1686 static int warn_limit = 10;
1687 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, *next;
1688 const char *err;
1689 int slot, off, cpu, ret;
1690 unsigned long flags;
1691 void __percpu *ptr;
1692 size_t bits, bit_align;
1693
1694 gfp = current_gfp_context(gfp);
1695 /* whitelisted flags that can be passed to the backing allocators */
1696 pcpu_gfp = gfp & (GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN);
1697 is_atomic = (gfp & GFP_KERNEL) != GFP_KERNEL;
1698 do_warn = !(gfp & __GFP_NOWARN);
1699
1700 /*
1701 * There is now a minimum allocation size of PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE,
1702 * therefore alignment must be a minimum of that many bytes.
1703 * An allocation may have internal fragmentation from rounding up
1704 * of up to PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE - 1 bytes.
1705 */
1706 if (unlikely(align < PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE))
1707 align = PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE;
1708
1709 size = ALIGN(size, PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE);
1710 bits = size >> PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SHIFT;
1711 bit_align = align >> PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SHIFT;
1712
1713 if (unlikely(!size || size > PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE || align > PAGE_SIZE ||
1714 !is_power_of_2(align))) {
1715 WARN(do_warn, "illegal size (%zu) or align (%zu) for percpu allocation\n",
1716 size, align);
1717 return NULL;
1718 }
1719
1720 type = pcpu_memcg_pre_alloc_hook(size, gfp, &objcg);
1721 if (unlikely(type == PCPU_FAIL_ALLOC))
1722 return NULL;
1723 pcpu_slot = pcpu_chunk_list(type);
1724
1725 if (!is_atomic) {
1726 /*
1727 * pcpu_balance_workfn() allocates memory under this mutex,
1728 * and it may wait for memory reclaim. Allow current task
1729 * to become OOM victim, in case of memory pressure.
1730 */
1731 if (gfp & __GFP_NOFAIL) {
1732 mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1733 } else if (mutex_lock_killable(&pcpu_alloc_mutex)) {
1734 pcpu_memcg_post_alloc_hook(objcg, NULL, 0, size);
1735 return NULL;
1736 }
1737 }
1738
1739 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1740
1741 /* serve reserved allocations from the reserved chunk if available */
1742 if (reserved && pcpu_reserved_chunk) {
1743 chunk = pcpu_reserved_chunk;
1744
1745 off = pcpu_find_block_fit(chunk, bits, bit_align, is_atomic);
1746 if (off < 0) {
1747 err = "alloc from reserved chunk failed";
1748 goto fail_unlock;
1749 }
1750
1751 off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, bits, bit_align, off);
1752 if (off >= 0)
1753 goto area_found;
1754
1755 err = "alloc from reserved chunk failed";
1756 goto fail_unlock;
1757 }
1758
1759restart:
1760 /* search through normal chunks */
1761 for (slot = pcpu_size_to_slot(size); slot < pcpu_nr_slots; slot++) {
1762 list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, &pcpu_slot[slot], list) {
1763 off = pcpu_find_block_fit(chunk, bits, bit_align,
1764 is_atomic);
1765 if (off < 0) {
1766 if (slot < PCPU_SLOT_FAIL_THRESHOLD)
1767 pcpu_chunk_move(chunk, 0);
1768 continue;
1769 }
1770
1771 off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, bits, bit_align, off);
1772 if (off >= 0)
1773 goto area_found;
1774
1775 }
1776 }
1777
1778 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1779
1780 /*
1781 * No space left. Create a new chunk. We don't want multiple
1782 * tasks to create chunks simultaneously. Serialize and create iff
1783 * there's still no empty chunk after grabbing the mutex.
1784 */
1785 if (is_atomic) {
1786 err = "atomic alloc failed, no space left";
1787 goto fail;
1788 }
1789
1790 if (list_empty(&pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1])) {
1791 chunk = pcpu_create_chunk(type, pcpu_gfp);
1792 if (!chunk) {
1793 err = "failed to allocate new chunk";
1794 goto fail;
1795 }
1796
1797 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1798 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, -1);
1799 } else {
1800 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1801 }
1802
1803 goto restart;
1804
1805area_found:
1806 pcpu_stats_area_alloc(chunk, size);
1807 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1808
1809 /* populate if not all pages are already there */
1810 if (!is_atomic) {
1811 unsigned int page_start, page_end, rs, re;
1812
1813 page_start = PFN_DOWN(off);
1814 page_end = PFN_UP(off + size);
1815
1816 bitmap_for_each_clear_region(chunk->populated, rs, re,
1817 page_start, page_end) {
1818 WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
1819
1820 ret = pcpu_populate_chunk(chunk, rs, re, pcpu_gfp);
1821
1822 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1823 if (ret) {
1824 pcpu_free_area(chunk, off);
1825 err = "failed to populate";
1826 goto fail_unlock;
1827 }
1828 pcpu_chunk_populated(chunk, rs, re);
1829 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1830 }
1831
1832 mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1833 }
1834
1835 if (pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages < PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_LOW)
1836 pcpu_schedule_balance_work();
1837
1838 /* clear the areas and return address relative to base address */
1839 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1840 memset((void *)pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, 0) + off, 0, size);
1841
1842 ptr = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(chunk->base_addr + off);
1843 kmemleak_alloc_percpu(ptr, size, gfp);
1844
1845 trace_percpu_alloc_percpu(reserved, is_atomic, size, align,
1846 chunk->base_addr, off, ptr);
1847
1848 pcpu_memcg_post_alloc_hook(objcg, chunk, off, size);
1849
1850 return ptr;
1851
1852fail_unlock:
1853 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1854fail:
1855 trace_percpu_alloc_percpu_fail(reserved, is_atomic, size, align);
1856
1857 if (!is_atomic && do_warn && warn_limit) {
1858 pr_warn("allocation failed, size=%zu align=%zu atomic=%d, %s\n",
1859 size, align, is_atomic, err);
1860 dump_stack();
1861 if (!--warn_limit)
1862 pr_info("limit reached, disable warning\n");
1863 }
1864 if (is_atomic) {
1865 /* see the flag handling in pcpu_blance_workfn() */
1866 pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed = true;
1867 pcpu_schedule_balance_work();
1868 } else {
1869 mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1870 }
1871
1872 pcpu_memcg_post_alloc_hook(objcg, NULL, 0, size);
1873
1874 return NULL;
1875}
1876
1877/**
1878 * __alloc_percpu_gfp - allocate dynamic percpu area
1879 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
1880 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1881 * @gfp: allocation flags
1882 *
1883 * Allocate zero-filled percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align. If
1884 * @gfp doesn't contain %GFP_KERNEL, the allocation doesn't block and can
1885 * be called from any context but is a lot more likely to fail. If @gfp
1886 * has __GFP_NOWARN then no warning will be triggered on invalid or failed
1887 * allocation requests.
1888 *
1889 * RETURNS:
1890 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
1891 */
1892void __percpu *__alloc_percpu_gfp(size_t size, size_t align, gfp_t gfp)
1893{
1894 return pcpu_alloc(size, align, false, gfp);
1895}
1896EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__alloc_percpu_gfp);
1897
1898/**
1899 * __alloc_percpu - allocate dynamic percpu area
1900 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
1901 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1902 *
1903 * Equivalent to __alloc_percpu_gfp(size, align, %GFP_KERNEL).
1904 */
1905void __percpu *__alloc_percpu(size_t size, size_t align)
1906{
1907 return pcpu_alloc(size, align, false, GFP_KERNEL);
1908}
1909EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__alloc_percpu);
1910
1911/**
1912 * __alloc_reserved_percpu - allocate reserved percpu area
1913 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
1914 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1915 *
1916 * Allocate zero-filled percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align
1917 * from reserved percpu area if arch has set it up; otherwise,
1918 * allocation is served from the same dynamic area. Might sleep.
1919 * Might trigger writeouts.
1920 *
1921 * CONTEXT:
1922 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.
1923 *
1924 * RETURNS:
1925 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
1926 */
1927void __percpu *__alloc_reserved_percpu(size_t size, size_t align)
1928{
1929 return pcpu_alloc(size, align, true, GFP_KERNEL);
1930}
1931
1932/**
1933 * __pcpu_balance_workfn - manage the amount of free chunks and populated pages
1934 * @type: chunk type
1935 *
1936 * Reclaim all fully free chunks except for the first one. This is also
1937 * responsible for maintaining the pool of empty populated pages. However,
1938 * it is possible that this is called when physical memory is scarce causing
1939 * OOM killer to be triggered. We should avoid doing so until an actual
1940 * allocation causes the failure as it is possible that requests can be
1941 * serviced from already backed regions.
1942 */
1943static void __pcpu_balance_workfn(enum pcpu_chunk_type type)
1944{
1945 /* gfp flags passed to underlying allocators */
1946 const gfp_t gfp = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN;
1947 LIST_HEAD(to_free);
1948 struct list_head *pcpu_slot = pcpu_chunk_list(type);
1949 struct list_head *free_head = &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1];
1950 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, *next;
1951 int slot, nr_to_pop, ret;
1952
1953 /*
1954 * There's no reason to keep around multiple unused chunks and VM
1955 * areas can be scarce. Destroy all free chunks except for one.
1956 */
1957 mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1958 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1959
1960 list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, free_head, list) {
1961 WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
1962
1963 /* spare the first one */
1964 if (chunk == list_first_entry(free_head, struct pcpu_chunk, list))
1965 continue;
1966
1967 list_move(&chunk->list, &to_free);
1968 }
1969
1970 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1971
1972 list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, &to_free, list) {
1973 unsigned int rs, re;
1974
1975 bitmap_for_each_set_region(chunk->populated, rs, re, 0,
1976 chunk->nr_pages) {
1977 pcpu_depopulate_chunk(chunk, rs, re);
1978 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1979 pcpu_chunk_depopulated(chunk, rs, re);
1980 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1981 }
1982 pcpu_destroy_chunk(chunk);
1983 cond_resched();
1984 }
1985
1986 /*
1987 * Ensure there are certain number of free populated pages for
1988 * atomic allocs. Fill up from the most packed so that atomic
1989 * allocs don't increase fragmentation. If atomic allocation
1990 * failed previously, always populate the maximum amount. This
1991 * should prevent atomic allocs larger than PAGE_SIZE from keeping
1992 * failing indefinitely; however, large atomic allocs are not
1993 * something we support properly and can be highly unreliable and
1994 * inefficient.
1995 */
1996retry_pop:
1997 if (pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed) {
1998 nr_to_pop = PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH;
1999 /* best effort anyway, don't worry about synchronization */
2000 pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed = false;
2001 } else {
2002 nr_to_pop = clamp(PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH -
2003 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages,
2004 0, PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH);
2005 }
2006
2007 for (slot = pcpu_size_to_slot(PAGE_SIZE); slot < pcpu_nr_slots; slot++) {
2008 unsigned int nr_unpop = 0, rs, re;
2009
2010 if (!nr_to_pop)
2011 break;
2012
2013 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
2014 list_for_each_entry(chunk, &pcpu_slot[slot], list) {
2015 nr_unpop = chunk->nr_pages - chunk->nr_populated;
2016 if (nr_unpop)
2017 break;
2018 }
2019 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
2020
2021 if (!nr_unpop)
2022 continue;
2023
2024 /* @chunk can't go away while pcpu_alloc_mutex is held */
2025 bitmap_for_each_clear_region(chunk->populated, rs, re, 0,
2026 chunk->nr_pages) {
2027 int nr = min_t(int, re - rs, nr_to_pop);
2028
2029 ret = pcpu_populate_chunk(chunk, rs, rs + nr, gfp);
2030 if (!ret) {
2031 nr_to_pop -= nr;
2032 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
2033 pcpu_chunk_populated(chunk, rs, rs + nr);
2034 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
2035 } else {
2036 nr_to_pop = 0;
2037 }
2038
2039 if (!nr_to_pop)
2040 break;
2041 }
2042 }
2043
2044 if (nr_to_pop) {
2045 /* ran out of chunks to populate, create a new one and retry */
2046 chunk = pcpu_create_chunk(type, gfp);
2047 if (chunk) {
2048 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
2049 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, -1);
2050 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
2051 goto retry_pop;
2052 }
2053 }
2054
2055 mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
2056}
2057
2058/**
2059 * pcpu_balance_workfn - manage the amount of free chunks and populated pages
2060 * @work: unused
2061 *
2062 * Call __pcpu_balance_workfn() for each chunk type.
2063 */
2064static void pcpu_balance_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
2065{
2066 enum pcpu_chunk_type type;
2067
2068 for (type = 0; type < PCPU_NR_CHUNK_TYPES; type++)
2069 __pcpu_balance_workfn(type);
2070}
2071
2072/**
2073 * free_percpu - free percpu area
2074 * @ptr: pointer to area to free
2075 *
2076 * Free percpu area @ptr.
2077 *
2078 * CONTEXT:
2079 * Can be called from atomic context.
2080 */
2081void free_percpu(void __percpu *ptr)
2082{
2083 void *addr;
2084 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
2085 unsigned long flags;
2086 int size, off;
2087 bool need_balance = false;
2088 struct list_head *pcpu_slot;
2089
2090 if (!ptr)
2091 return;
2092
2093 kmemleak_free_percpu(ptr);
2094
2095 addr = __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr);
2096
2097 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
2098
2099 chunk = pcpu_chunk_addr_search(addr);
2100 off = addr - chunk->base_addr;
2101
2102 size = pcpu_free_area(chunk, off);
2103
2104 pcpu_slot = pcpu_chunk_list(pcpu_chunk_type(chunk));
2105
2106 pcpu_memcg_free_hook(chunk, off, size);
2107
2108 /* if there are more than one fully free chunks, wake up grim reaper */
2109 if (chunk->free_bytes == pcpu_unit_size) {
2110 struct pcpu_chunk *pos;
2111
2112 list_for_each_entry(pos, &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1], list)
2113 if (pos != chunk) {
2114 need_balance = true;
2115 break;
2116 }
2117 }
2118
2119 trace_percpu_free_percpu(chunk->base_addr, off, ptr);
2120
2121 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
2122
2123 if (need_balance)
2124 pcpu_schedule_balance_work();
2125}
2126EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_percpu);
2127
2128bool __is_kernel_percpu_address(unsigned long addr, unsigned long *can_addr)
2129{
2130#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
2131 const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
2132 void __percpu *base = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(pcpu_base_addr);
2133 unsigned int cpu;
2134
2135 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2136 void *start = per_cpu_ptr(base, cpu);
2137 void *va = (void *)addr;
2138
2139 if (va >= start && va < start + static_size) {
2140 if (can_addr) {
2141 *can_addr = (unsigned long) (va - start);
2142 *can_addr += (unsigned long)
2143 per_cpu_ptr(base, get_boot_cpu_id());
2144 }
2145 return true;
2146 }
2147 }
2148#endif
2149 /* on UP, can't distinguish from other static vars, always false */
2150 return false;
2151}
2152
2153/**
2154 * is_kernel_percpu_address - test whether address is from static percpu area
2155 * @addr: address to test
2156 *
2157 * Test whether @addr belongs to in-kernel static percpu area. Module
2158 * static percpu areas are not considered. For those, use
2159 * is_module_percpu_address().
2160 *
2161 * RETURNS:
2162 * %true if @addr is from in-kernel static percpu area, %false otherwise.
2163 */
2164bool is_kernel_percpu_address(unsigned long addr)
2165{
2166 return __is_kernel_percpu_address(addr, NULL);
2167}
2168
2169/**
2170 * per_cpu_ptr_to_phys - convert translated percpu address to physical address
2171 * @addr: the address to be converted to physical address
2172 *
2173 * Given @addr which is dereferenceable address obtained via one of
2174 * percpu access macros, this function translates it into its physical
2175 * address. The caller is responsible for ensuring @addr stays valid
2176 * until this function finishes.
2177 *
2178 * percpu allocator has special setup for the first chunk, which currently
2179 * supports either embedding in linear address space or vmalloc mapping,
2180 * and, from the second one, the backing allocator (currently either vm or
2181 * km) provides translation.
2182 *
2183 * The addr can be translated simply without checking if it falls into the
2184 * first chunk. But the current code reflects better how percpu allocator
2185 * actually works, and the verification can discover both bugs in percpu
2186 * allocator itself and per_cpu_ptr_to_phys() callers. So we keep current
2187 * code.
2188 *
2189 * RETURNS:
2190 * The physical address for @addr.
2191 */
2192phys_addr_t per_cpu_ptr_to_phys(void *addr)
2193{
2194 void __percpu *base = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(pcpu_base_addr);
2195 bool in_first_chunk = false;
2196 unsigned long first_low, first_high;
2197 unsigned int cpu;
2198
2199 /*
2200 * The following test on unit_low/high isn't strictly
2201 * necessary but will speed up lookups of addresses which
2202 * aren't in the first chunk.
2203 *
2204 * The address check is against full chunk sizes. pcpu_base_addr
2205 * points to the beginning of the first chunk including the
2206 * static region. Assumes good intent as the first chunk may
2207 * not be full (ie. < pcpu_unit_pages in size).
2208 */
2209 first_low = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr +
2210 pcpu_unit_page_offset(pcpu_low_unit_cpu, 0);
2211 first_high = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr +
2212 pcpu_unit_page_offset(pcpu_high_unit_cpu, pcpu_unit_pages);
2213 if ((unsigned long)addr >= first_low &&
2214 (unsigned long)addr < first_high) {
2215 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2216 void *start = per_cpu_ptr(base, cpu);
2217
2218 if (addr >= start && addr < start + pcpu_unit_size) {
2219 in_first_chunk = true;
2220 break;
2221 }
2222 }
2223 }
2224
2225 if (in_first_chunk) {
2226 if (!is_vmalloc_addr(addr))
2227 return __pa(addr);
2228 else
2229 return page_to_phys(vmalloc_to_page(addr)) +
2230 offset_in_page(addr);
2231 } else
2232 return page_to_phys(pcpu_addr_to_page(addr)) +
2233 offset_in_page(addr);
2234}
2235
2236/**
2237 * pcpu_alloc_alloc_info - allocate percpu allocation info
2238 * @nr_groups: the number of groups
2239 * @nr_units: the number of units
2240 *
2241 * Allocate ai which is large enough for @nr_groups groups containing
2242 * @nr_units units. The returned ai's groups[0].cpu_map points to the
2243 * cpu_map array which is long enough for @nr_units and filled with
2244 * NR_CPUS. It's the caller's responsibility to initialize cpu_map
2245 * pointer of other groups.
2246 *
2247 * RETURNS:
2248 * Pointer to the allocated pcpu_alloc_info on success, NULL on
2249 * failure.
2250 */
2251struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(int nr_groups,
2252 int nr_units)
2253{
2254 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
2255 size_t base_size, ai_size;
2256 void *ptr;
2257 int unit;
2258
2259 base_size = ALIGN(struct_size(ai, groups, nr_groups),
2260 __alignof__(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]));
2261 ai_size = base_size + nr_units * sizeof(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]);
2262
2263 ptr = memblock_alloc(PFN_ALIGN(ai_size), PAGE_SIZE);
2264 if (!ptr)
2265 return NULL;
2266 ai = ptr;
2267 ptr += base_size;
2268
2269 ai->groups[0].cpu_map = ptr;
2270
2271 for (unit = 0; unit < nr_units; unit++)
2272 ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit] = NR_CPUS;
2273
2274 ai->nr_groups = nr_groups;
2275 ai->__ai_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai_size);
2276
2277 return ai;
2278}
2279
2280/**
2281 * pcpu_free_alloc_info - free percpu allocation info
2282 * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info to free
2283 *
2284 * Free @ai which was allocated by pcpu_alloc_alloc_info().
2285 */
2286void __init pcpu_free_alloc_info(struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
2287{
2288 memblock_free_early(__pa(ai), ai->__ai_size);
2289}
2290
2291/**
2292 * pcpu_dump_alloc_info - print out information about pcpu_alloc_info
2293 * @lvl: loglevel
2294 * @ai: allocation info to dump
2295 *
2296 * Print out information about @ai using loglevel @lvl.
2297 */
2298static void pcpu_dump_alloc_info(const char *lvl,
2299 const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
2300{
2301 int group_width = 1, cpu_width = 1, width;
2302 char empty_str[] = "--------";
2303 int alloc = 0, alloc_end = 0;
2304 int group, v;
2305 int upa, apl; /* units per alloc, allocs per line */
2306
2307 v = ai->nr_groups;
2308 while (v /= 10)
2309 group_width++;
2310
2311 v = num_possible_cpus();
2312 while (v /= 10)
2313 cpu_width++;
2314 empty_str[min_t(int, cpu_width, sizeof(empty_str) - 1)] = '\0';
2315
2316 upa = ai->alloc_size / ai->unit_size;
2317 width = upa * (cpu_width + 1) + group_width + 3;
2318 apl = rounddown_pow_of_two(max(60 / width, 1));
2319
2320 printk("%spcpu-alloc: s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu alloc=%zu*%zu",
2321 lvl, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size,
2322 ai->unit_size, ai->alloc_size / ai->atom_size, ai->atom_size);
2323
2324 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
2325 const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
2326 int unit = 0, unit_end = 0;
2327
2328 BUG_ON(gi->nr_units % upa);
2329 for (alloc_end += gi->nr_units / upa;
2330 alloc < alloc_end; alloc++) {
2331 if (!(alloc % apl)) {
2332 pr_cont("\n");
2333 printk("%spcpu-alloc: ", lvl);
2334 }
2335 pr_cont("[%0*d] ", group_width, group);
2336
2337 for (unit_end += upa; unit < unit_end; unit++)
2338 if (gi->cpu_map[unit] != NR_CPUS)
2339 pr_cont("%0*d ",
2340 cpu_width, gi->cpu_map[unit]);
2341 else
2342 pr_cont("%s ", empty_str);
2343 }
2344 }
2345 pr_cont("\n");
2346}
2347
2348/**
2349 * pcpu_setup_first_chunk - initialize the first percpu chunk
2350 * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info describing how to percpu area is shaped
2351 * @base_addr: mapped address
2352 *
2353 * Initialize the first percpu chunk which contains the kernel static
2354 * percpu area. This function is to be called from arch percpu area
2355 * setup path.
2356 *
2357 * @ai contains all information necessary to initialize the first
2358 * chunk and prime the dynamic percpu allocator.
2359 *
2360 * @ai->static_size is the size of static percpu area.
2361 *
2362 * @ai->reserved_size, if non-zero, specifies the amount of bytes to
2363 * reserve after the static area in the first chunk. This reserves
2364 * the first chunk such that it's available only through reserved
2365 * percpu allocation. This is primarily used to serve module percpu
2366 * static areas on architectures where the addressing model has
2367 * limited offset range for symbol relocations to guarantee module
2368 * percpu symbols fall inside the relocatable range.
2369 *
2370 * @ai->dyn_size determines the number of bytes available for dynamic
2371 * allocation in the first chunk. The area between @ai->static_size +
2372 * @ai->reserved_size + @ai->dyn_size and @ai->unit_size is unused.
2373 *
2374 * @ai->unit_size specifies unit size and must be aligned to PAGE_SIZE
2375 * and equal to or larger than @ai->static_size + @ai->reserved_size +
2376 * @ai->dyn_size.
2377 *
2378 * @ai->atom_size is the allocation atom size and used as alignment
2379 * for vm areas.
2380 *
2381 * @ai->alloc_size is the allocation size and always multiple of
2382 * @ai->atom_size. This is larger than @ai->atom_size if
2383 * @ai->unit_size is larger than @ai->atom_size.
2384 *
2385 * @ai->nr_groups and @ai->groups describe virtual memory layout of
2386 * percpu areas. Units which should be colocated are put into the
2387 * same group. Dynamic VM areas will be allocated according to these
2388 * groupings. If @ai->nr_groups is zero, a single group containing
2389 * all units is assumed.
2390 *
2391 * The caller should have mapped the first chunk at @base_addr and
2392 * copied static data to each unit.
2393 *
2394 * The first chunk will always contain a static and a dynamic region.
2395 * However, the static region is not managed by any chunk. If the first
2396 * chunk also contains a reserved region, it is served by two chunks -
2397 * one for the reserved region and one for the dynamic region. They
2398 * share the same vm, but use offset regions in the area allocation map.
2399 * The chunk serving the dynamic region is circulated in the chunk slots
2400 * and available for dynamic allocation like any other chunk.
2401 */
2402void __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai,
2403 void *base_addr)
2404{
2405 size_t size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + ai->dyn_size;
2406 size_t static_size, dyn_size;
2407 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
2408 unsigned long *group_offsets;
2409 size_t *group_sizes;
2410 unsigned long *unit_off;
2411 unsigned int cpu;
2412 int *unit_map;
2413 int group, unit, i;
2414 int map_size;
2415 unsigned long tmp_addr;
2416 size_t alloc_size;
2417 enum pcpu_chunk_type type;
2418
2419#define PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(cond) do { \
2420 if (unlikely(cond)) { \
2421 pr_emerg("failed to initialize, %s\n", #cond); \
2422 pr_emerg("cpu_possible_mask=%*pb\n", \
2423 cpumask_pr_args(cpu_possible_mask)); \
2424 pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_EMERG, ai); \
2425 BUG(); \
2426 } \
2427} while (0)
2428
2429 /* sanity checks */
2430 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups <= 0);
2431#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
2432 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!ai->static_size);
2433 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(offset_in_page(__per_cpu_start));
2434#endif
2435 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!base_addr);
2436 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(offset_in_page(base_addr));
2437 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < size_sum);
2438 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(offset_in_page(ai->unit_size));
2439 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
2440 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(ai->unit_size, PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_SIZE));
2441 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->dyn_size < PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SIZE);
2442 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!ai->dyn_size);
2443 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(ai->reserved_size, PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE));
2444 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!(IS_ALIGNED(PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE) ||
2445 IS_ALIGNED(PAGE_SIZE, PCPU_BITMAP_BLOCK_SIZE)));
2446 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(pcpu_verify_alloc_info(ai) < 0);
2447
2448 /* process group information and build config tables accordingly */
2449 alloc_size = ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_offsets[0]);
2450 group_offsets = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
2451 if (!group_offsets)
2452 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
2453 alloc_size);
2454
2455 alloc_size = ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_sizes[0]);
2456 group_sizes = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
2457 if (!group_sizes)
2458 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
2459 alloc_size);
2460
2461 alloc_size = nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_map[0]);
2462 unit_map = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
2463 if (!unit_map)
2464 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
2465 alloc_size);
2466
2467 alloc_size = nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_off[0]);
2468 unit_off = memblock_alloc(alloc_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
2469 if (!unit_off)
2470 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
2471 alloc_size);
2472
2473 for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpu_ids; cpu++)
2474 unit_map[cpu] = UINT_MAX;
2475
2476 pcpu_low_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS;
2477 pcpu_high_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS;
2478
2479 for (group = 0, unit = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++, unit += i) {
2480 const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
2481
2482 group_offsets[group] = gi->base_offset;
2483 group_sizes[group] = gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size;
2484
2485 for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++) {
2486 cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
2487 if (cpu == NR_CPUS)
2488 continue;
2489
2490 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(cpu >= nr_cpu_ids);
2491 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!cpu_possible(cpu));
2492 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] != UINT_MAX);
2493
2494 unit_map[cpu] = unit + i;
2495 unit_off[cpu] = gi->base_offset + i * ai->unit_size;
2496
2497 /* determine low/high unit_cpu */
2498 if (pcpu_low_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS ||
2499 unit_off[cpu] < unit_off[pcpu_low_unit_cpu])
2500 pcpu_low_unit_cpu = cpu;
2501 if (pcpu_high_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS ||
2502 unit_off[cpu] > unit_off[pcpu_high_unit_cpu])
2503 pcpu_high_unit_cpu = cpu;
2504 }
2505 }
2506 pcpu_nr_units = unit;
2507
2508 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
2509 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] == UINT_MAX);
2510
2511 /* we're done parsing the input, undefine BUG macro and dump config */
2512#undef PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON
2513 pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_DEBUG, ai);
2514
2515 pcpu_nr_groups = ai->nr_groups;
2516 pcpu_group_offsets = group_offsets;
2517 pcpu_group_sizes = group_sizes;
2518 pcpu_unit_map = unit_map;
2519 pcpu_unit_offsets = unit_off;
2520
2521 /* determine basic parameters */
2522 pcpu_unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
2523 pcpu_unit_size = pcpu_unit_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
2524 pcpu_atom_size = ai->atom_size;
2525 pcpu_chunk_struct_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk) +
2526 BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) * sizeof(unsigned long);
2527
2528 pcpu_stats_save_ai(ai);
2529
2530 /*
2531 * Allocate chunk slots. The additional last slot is for
2532 * empty chunks.
2533 */
2534 pcpu_nr_slots = __pcpu_size_to_slot(pcpu_unit_size) + 2;
2535 pcpu_chunk_lists = memblock_alloc(pcpu_nr_slots *
2536 sizeof(pcpu_chunk_lists[0]) *
2537 PCPU_NR_CHUNK_TYPES,
2538 SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
2539 if (!pcpu_chunk_lists)
2540 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
2541 pcpu_nr_slots * sizeof(pcpu_chunk_lists[0]) *
2542 PCPU_NR_CHUNK_TYPES);
2543
2544 for (type = 0; type < PCPU_NR_CHUNK_TYPES; type++)
2545 for (i = 0; i < pcpu_nr_slots; i++)
2546 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcpu_chunk_list(type)[i]);
2547
2548 /*
2549 * The end of the static region needs to be aligned with the
2550 * minimum allocation size as this offsets the reserved and
2551 * dynamic region. The first chunk ends page aligned by
2552 * expanding the dynamic region, therefore the dynamic region
2553 * can be shrunk to compensate while still staying above the
2554 * configured sizes.
2555 */
2556 static_size = ALIGN(ai->static_size, PCPU_MIN_ALLOC_SIZE);
2557 dyn_size = ai->dyn_size - (static_size - ai->static_size);
2558
2559 /*
2560 * Initialize first chunk.
2561 * If the reserved_size is non-zero, this initializes the reserved
2562 * chunk. If the reserved_size is zero, the reserved chunk is NULL
2563 * and the dynamic region is initialized here. The first chunk,
2564 * pcpu_first_chunk, will always point to the chunk that serves
2565 * the dynamic region.
2566 */
2567 tmp_addr = (unsigned long)base_addr + static_size;
2568 map_size = ai->reserved_size ?: dyn_size;
2569 chunk = pcpu_alloc_first_chunk(tmp_addr, map_size);
2570
2571 /* init dynamic chunk if necessary */
2572 if (ai->reserved_size) {
2573 pcpu_reserved_chunk = chunk;
2574
2575 tmp_addr = (unsigned long)base_addr + static_size +
2576 ai->reserved_size;
2577 map_size = dyn_size;
2578 chunk = pcpu_alloc_first_chunk(tmp_addr, map_size);
2579 }
2580
2581 /* link the first chunk in */
2582 pcpu_first_chunk = chunk;
2583 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages = pcpu_first_chunk->nr_empty_pop_pages;
2584 pcpu_chunk_relocate(pcpu_first_chunk, -1);
2585
2586 /* include all regions of the first chunk */
2587 pcpu_nr_populated += PFN_DOWN(size_sum);
2588
2589 pcpu_stats_chunk_alloc();
2590 trace_percpu_create_chunk(base_addr);
2591
2592 /* we're done */
2593 pcpu_base_addr = base_addr;
2594}
2595
2596#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
2597
2598const char * const pcpu_fc_names[PCPU_FC_NR] __initconst = {
2599 [PCPU_FC_AUTO] = "auto",
2600 [PCPU_FC_EMBED] = "embed",
2601 [PCPU_FC_PAGE] = "page",
2602};
2603
2604enum pcpu_fc pcpu_chosen_fc __initdata = PCPU_FC_AUTO;
2605
2606static int __init percpu_alloc_setup(char *str)
2607{
2608 if (!str)
2609 return -EINVAL;
2610
2611 if (0)
2612 /* nada */;
2613#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
2614 else if (!strcmp(str, "embed"))
2615 pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_EMBED;
2616#endif
2617#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
2618 else if (!strcmp(str, "page"))
2619 pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
2620#endif
2621 else
2622 pr_warn("unknown allocator %s specified\n", str);
2623
2624 return 0;
2625}
2626early_param("percpu_alloc", percpu_alloc_setup);
2627
2628/*
2629 * pcpu_embed_first_chunk() is used by the generic percpu setup.
2630 * Build it if needed by the arch config or the generic setup is going
2631 * to be used.
2632 */
2633#if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || \
2634 !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA)
2635#define BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
2636#endif
2637
2638/* build pcpu_page_first_chunk() iff needed by the arch config */
2639#if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK)
2640#define BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
2641#endif
2642
2643/* pcpu_build_alloc_info() is used by both embed and page first chunk */
2644#if defined(BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || defined(BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK)
2645/**
2646 * pcpu_build_alloc_info - build alloc_info considering distances between CPUs
2647 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
2648 * @dyn_size: minimum free size for dynamic allocation in bytes
2649 * @atom_size: allocation atom size
2650 * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
2651 *
2652 * This function determines grouping of units, their mappings to cpus
2653 * and other parameters considering needed percpu size, allocation
2654 * atom size and distances between CPUs.
2655 *
2656 * Groups are always multiples of atom size and CPUs which are of
2657 * LOCAL_DISTANCE both ways are grouped together and share space for
2658 * units in the same group. The returned configuration is guaranteed
2659 * to have CPUs on different nodes on different groups and >=75% usage
2660 * of allocated virtual address space.
2661 *
2662 * RETURNS:
2663 * On success, pointer to the new allocation_info is returned. On
2664 * failure, ERR_PTR value is returned.
2665 */
2666static struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_build_alloc_info(
2667 size_t reserved_size, size_t dyn_size,
2668 size_t atom_size,
2669 pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn)
2670{
2671 static int group_map[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
2672 static int group_cnt[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
2673 const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
2674 int nr_groups = 1, nr_units = 0;
2675 size_t size_sum, min_unit_size, alloc_size;
2676 int upa, max_upa, best_upa; /* units_per_alloc */
2677 int last_allocs, group, unit;
2678 unsigned int cpu, tcpu;
2679 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
2680 unsigned int *cpu_map;
2681
2682 /* this function may be called multiple times */
2683 memset(group_map, 0, sizeof(group_map));
2684 memset(group_cnt, 0, sizeof(group_cnt));
2685
2686 /* calculate size_sum and ensure dyn_size is enough for early alloc */
2687 size_sum = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + reserved_size +
2688 max_t(size_t, dyn_size, PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SIZE));
2689 dyn_size = size_sum - static_size - reserved_size;
2690
2691 /*
2692 * Determine min_unit_size, alloc_size and max_upa such that
2693 * alloc_size is multiple of atom_size and is the smallest
2694 * which can accommodate 4k aligned segments which are equal to
2695 * or larger than min_unit_size.
2696 */
2697 min_unit_size = max_t(size_t, size_sum, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
2698
2699 /* determine the maximum # of units that can fit in an allocation */
2700 alloc_size = roundup(min_unit_size, atom_size);
2701 upa = alloc_size / min_unit_size;
2702 while (alloc_size % upa || (offset_in_page(alloc_size / upa)))
2703 upa--;
2704 max_upa = upa;
2705
2706 /* group cpus according to their proximity */
2707 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2708 group = 0;
2709 next_group:
2710 for_each_possible_cpu(tcpu) {
2711 if (cpu == tcpu)
2712 break;
2713 if (group_map[tcpu] == group && cpu_distance_fn &&
2714 (cpu_distance_fn(cpu, tcpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE ||
2715 cpu_distance_fn(tcpu, cpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE)) {
2716 group++;
2717 nr_groups = max(nr_groups, group + 1);
2718 goto next_group;
2719 }
2720 }
2721 group_map[cpu] = group;
2722 group_cnt[group]++;
2723 }
2724
2725 /*
2726 * Wasted space is caused by a ratio imbalance of upa to group_cnt.
2727 * Expand the unit_size until we use >= 75% of the units allocated.
2728 * Related to atom_size, which could be much larger than the unit_size.
2729 */
2730 last_allocs = INT_MAX;
2731 for (upa = max_upa; upa; upa--) {
2732 int allocs = 0, wasted = 0;
2733
2734 if (alloc_size % upa || (offset_in_page(alloc_size / upa)))
2735 continue;
2736
2737 for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
2738 int this_allocs = DIV_ROUND_UP(group_cnt[group], upa);
2739 allocs += this_allocs;
2740 wasted += this_allocs * upa - group_cnt[group];
2741 }
2742
2743 /*
2744 * Don't accept if wastage is over 1/3. The
2745 * greater-than comparison ensures upa==1 always
2746 * passes the following check.
2747 */
2748 if (wasted > num_possible_cpus() / 3)
2749 continue;
2750
2751 /* and then don't consume more memory */
2752 if (allocs > last_allocs)
2753 break;
2754 last_allocs = allocs;
2755 best_upa = upa;
2756 }
2757 upa = best_upa;
2758
2759 /* allocate and fill alloc_info */
2760 for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++)
2761 nr_units += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);
2762
2763 ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(nr_groups, nr_units);
2764 if (!ai)
2765 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
2766 cpu_map = ai->groups[0].cpu_map;
2767
2768 for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
2769 ai->groups[group].cpu_map = cpu_map;
2770 cpu_map += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);
2771 }
2772
2773 ai->static_size = static_size;
2774 ai->reserved_size = reserved_size;
2775 ai->dyn_size = dyn_size;
2776 ai->unit_size = alloc_size / upa;
2777 ai->atom_size = atom_size;
2778 ai->alloc_size = alloc_size;
2779
2780 for (group = 0, unit = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
2781 struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
2782
2783 /*
2784 * Initialize base_offset as if all groups are located
2785 * back-to-back. The caller should update this to
2786 * reflect actual allocation.
2787 */
2788 gi->base_offset = unit * ai->unit_size;
2789
2790 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
2791 if (group_map[cpu] == group)
2792 gi->cpu_map[gi->nr_units++] = cpu;
2793 gi->nr_units = roundup(gi->nr_units, upa);
2794 unit += gi->nr_units;
2795 }
2796 BUG_ON(unit != nr_units);
2797
2798 return ai;
2799}
2800#endif /* BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK || BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */
2801
2802#if defined(BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK)
2803/**
2804 * pcpu_embed_first_chunk - embed the first percpu chunk into bootmem
2805 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
2806 * @dyn_size: minimum free size for dynamic allocation in bytes
2807 * @atom_size: allocation atom size
2808 * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
2809 * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page
2810 * @free_fn: function to free percpu page
2811 *
2812 * This is a helper to ease setting up embedded first percpu chunk and
2813 * can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
2814 *
2815 * If this function is used to setup the first chunk, it is allocated
2816 * by calling @alloc_fn and used as-is without being mapped into
2817 * vmalloc area. Allocations are always whole multiples of @atom_size
2818 * aligned to @atom_size.
2819 *
2820 * This enables the first chunk to piggy back on the linear physical
2821 * mapping which often uses larger page size. Please note that this
2822 * can result in very sparse cpu->unit mapping on NUMA machines thus
2823 * requiring large vmalloc address space. Don't use this allocator if
2824 * vmalloc space is not orders of magnitude larger than distances
2825 * between node memory addresses (ie. 32bit NUMA machines).
2826 *
2827 * @dyn_size specifies the minimum dynamic area size.
2828 *
2829 * If the needed size is smaller than the minimum or specified unit
2830 * size, the leftover is returned using @free_fn.
2831 *
2832 * RETURNS:
2833 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
2834 */
2835int __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size, size_t dyn_size,
2836 size_t atom_size,
2837 pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn,
2838 pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
2839 pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn)
2840{
2841 void *base = (void *)ULONG_MAX;
2842 void **areas = NULL;
2843 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
2844 size_t size_sum, areas_size;
2845 unsigned long max_distance;
2846 int group, i, highest_group, rc = 0;
2847
2848 ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, dyn_size, atom_size,
2849 cpu_distance_fn);
2850 if (IS_ERR(ai))
2851 return PTR_ERR(ai);
2852
2853 size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + ai->dyn_size;
2854 areas_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(void *));
2855
2856 areas = memblock_alloc(areas_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
2857 if (!areas) {
2858 rc = -ENOMEM;
2859 goto out_free;
2860 }
2861
2862 /* allocate, copy and determine base address & max_distance */
2863 highest_group = 0;
2864 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
2865 struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
2866 unsigned int cpu = NR_CPUS;
2867 void *ptr;
2868
2869 for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units && cpu == NR_CPUS; i++)
2870 cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
2871 BUG_ON(cpu == NR_CPUS);
2872
2873 /* allocate space for the whole group */
2874 ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size, atom_size);
2875 if (!ptr) {
2876 rc = -ENOMEM;
2877 goto out_free_areas;
2878 }
2879 /* kmemleak tracks the percpu allocations separately */
2880 kmemleak_free(ptr);
2881 areas[group] = ptr;
2882
2883 base = min(ptr, base);
2884 if (ptr > areas[highest_group])
2885 highest_group = group;
2886 }
2887 max_distance = areas[highest_group] - base;
2888 max_distance += ai->unit_size * ai->groups[highest_group].nr_units;
2889
2890 /* warn if maximum distance is further than 75% of vmalloc space */
2891 if (max_distance > VMALLOC_TOTAL * 3 / 4) {
2892 pr_warn("max_distance=0x%lx too large for vmalloc space 0x%lx\n",
2893 max_distance, VMALLOC_TOTAL);
2894#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
2895 /* and fail if we have fallback */
2896 rc = -EINVAL;
2897 goto out_free_areas;
2898#endif
2899 }
2900
2901 /*
2902 * Copy data and free unused parts. This should happen after all
2903 * allocations are complete; otherwise, we may end up with
2904 * overlapping groups.
2905 */
2906 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
2907 struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
2908 void *ptr = areas[group];
2909
2910 for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++, ptr += ai->unit_size) {
2911 if (gi->cpu_map[i] == NR_CPUS) {
2912 /* unused unit, free whole */
2913 free_fn(ptr, ai->unit_size);
2914 continue;
2915 }
2916 /* copy and return the unused part */
2917 memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
2918 free_fn(ptr + size_sum, ai->unit_size - size_sum);
2919 }
2920 }
2921
2922 /* base address is now known, determine group base offsets */
2923 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
2924 ai->groups[group].base_offset = areas[group] - base;
2925 }
2926
2927 pr_info("Embedded %zu pages/cpu s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu\n",
2928 PFN_DOWN(size_sum), ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size,
2929 ai->dyn_size, ai->unit_size);
2930
2931 pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, base);
2932 goto out_free;
2933
2934out_free_areas:
2935 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++)
2936 if (areas[group])
2937 free_fn(areas[group],
2938 ai->groups[group].nr_units * ai->unit_size);
2939out_free:
2940 pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
2941 if (areas)
2942 memblock_free_early(__pa(areas), areas_size);
2943 return rc;
2944}
2945#endif /* BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK */
2946
2947#ifdef BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
2948/**
2949 * pcpu_page_first_chunk - map the first chunk using PAGE_SIZE pages
2950 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
2951 * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
2952 * @free_fn: function to free percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
2953 * @populate_pte_fn: function to populate pte
2954 *
2955 * This is a helper to ease setting up page-remapped first percpu
2956 * chunk and can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
2957 *
2958 * This is the basic allocator. Static percpu area is allocated
2959 * page-by-page into vmalloc area.
2960 *
2961 * RETURNS:
2962 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
2963 */
2964int __init pcpu_page_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size,
2965 pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
2966 pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn,
2967 pcpu_fc_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn)
2968{
2969 static struct vm_struct vm;
2970 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
2971 char psize_str[16];
2972 int unit_pages;
2973 size_t pages_size;
2974 struct page **pages;
2975 int unit, i, j, rc = 0;
2976 int upa;
2977 int nr_g0_units;
2978
2979 snprintf(psize_str, sizeof(psize_str), "%luK", PAGE_SIZE >> 10);
2980
2981 ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, 0, PAGE_SIZE, NULL);
2982 if (IS_ERR(ai))
2983 return PTR_ERR(ai);
2984 BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups != 1);
2985 upa = ai->alloc_size/ai->unit_size;
2986 nr_g0_units = roundup(num_possible_cpus(), upa);
2987 if (WARN_ON(ai->groups[0].nr_units != nr_g0_units)) {
2988 pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
2989 return -EINVAL;
2990 }
2991
2992 unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
2993
2994 /* unaligned allocations can't be freed, round up to page size */
2995 pages_size = PFN_ALIGN(unit_pages * num_possible_cpus() *
2996 sizeof(pages[0]));
2997 pages = memblock_alloc(pages_size, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
2998 if (!pages)
2999 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__,
3000 pages_size);
3001
3002 /* allocate pages */
3003 j = 0;
3004 for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) {
3005 unsigned int cpu = ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit];
3006 for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++) {
3007 void *ptr;
3008
3009 ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
3010 if (!ptr) {
3011 pr_warn("failed to allocate %s page for cpu%u\n",
3012 psize_str, cpu);
3013 goto enomem;
3014 }
3015 /* kmemleak tracks the percpu allocations separately */
3016 kmemleak_free(ptr);
3017 pages[j++] = virt_to_page(ptr);
3018 }
3019 }
3020
3021 /* allocate vm area, map the pages and copy static data */
3022 vm.flags = VM_ALLOC;
3023 vm.size = num_possible_cpus() * ai->unit_size;
3024 vm_area_register_early(&vm, PAGE_SIZE);
3025
3026 for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) {
3027 unsigned long unit_addr =
3028 (unsigned long)vm.addr + unit * ai->unit_size;
3029
3030 for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++)
3031 populate_pte_fn(unit_addr + (i << PAGE_SHIFT));
3032
3033 /* pte already populated, the following shouldn't fail */
3034 rc = __pcpu_map_pages(unit_addr, &pages[unit * unit_pages],
3035 unit_pages);
3036 if (rc < 0)
3037 panic("failed to map percpu area, err=%d\n", rc);
3038
3039 /*
3040 * FIXME: Archs with virtual cache should flush local
3041 * cache for the linear mapping here - something
3042 * equivalent to flush_cache_vmap() on the local cpu.
3043 * flush_cache_vmap() can't be used as most supporting
3044 * data structures are not set up yet.
3045 */
3046
3047 /* copy static data */
3048 memcpy((void *)unit_addr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
3049 }
3050
3051 /* we're ready, commit */
3052 pr_info("%d %s pages/cpu s%zu r%zu d%zu\n",
3053 unit_pages, psize_str, ai->static_size,
3054 ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size);
3055
3056 pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, vm.addr);
3057 goto out_free_ar;
3058
3059enomem:
3060 while (--j >= 0)
3061 free_fn(page_address(pages[j]), PAGE_SIZE);
3062 rc = -ENOMEM;
3063out_free_ar:
3064 memblock_free_early(__pa(pages), pages_size);
3065 pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
3066 return rc;
3067}
3068#endif /* BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */
3069
3070#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
3071/*
3072 * Generic SMP percpu area setup.
3073 *
3074 * The embedding helper is used because its behavior closely resembles
3075 * the original non-dynamic generic percpu area setup. This is
3076 * important because many archs have addressing restrictions and might
3077 * fail if the percpu area is located far away from the previous
3078 * location. As an added bonus, in non-NUMA cases, embedding is
3079 * generally a good idea TLB-wise because percpu area can piggy back
3080 * on the physical linear memory mapping which uses large page
3081 * mappings on applicable archs.
3082 */
3083unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
3084EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
3085
3086static void * __init pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc(unsigned int cpu, size_t size,
3087 size_t align)
3088{
3089 return memblock_alloc_from(size, align, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
3090}
3091
3092static void __init pcpu_dfl_fc_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
3093{
3094 memblock_free_early(__pa(ptr), size);
3095}
3096
3097void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
3098{
3099 unsigned long delta;
3100 unsigned int cpu;
3101 int rc;
3102
3103 /*
3104 * Always reserve area for module percpu variables. That's
3105 * what the legacy allocator did.
3106 */
3107 rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE,
3108 PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE, PAGE_SIZE, NULL,
3109 pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc, pcpu_dfl_fc_free);
3110 if (rc < 0)
3111 panic("Failed to initialize percpu areas.");
3112
3113 delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
3114 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
3115 __per_cpu_offset[cpu] = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
3116}
3117#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */
3118
3119#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
3120
3121/*
3122 * UP percpu area setup.
3123 *
3124 * UP always uses km-based percpu allocator with identity mapping.
3125 * Static percpu variables are indistinguishable from the usual static
3126 * variables and don't require any special preparation.
3127 */
3128void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
3129{
3130 const size_t unit_size =
3131 roundup_pow_of_two(max_t(size_t, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE,
3132 PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE));
3133 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
3134 void *fc;
3135
3136 ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(1, 1);
3137 fc = memblock_alloc_from(unit_size, PAGE_SIZE, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
3138 if (!ai || !fc)
3139 panic("Failed to allocate memory for percpu areas.");
3140 /* kmemleak tracks the percpu allocations separately */
3141 kmemleak_free(fc);
3142
3143 ai->dyn_size = unit_size;
3144 ai->unit_size = unit_size;
3145 ai->atom_size = unit_size;
3146 ai->alloc_size = unit_size;
3147 ai->groups[0].nr_units = 1;
3148 ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0] = 0;
3149
3150 pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, fc);
3151 pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
3152}
3153
3154#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
3155
3156/*
3157 * pcpu_nr_pages - calculate total number of populated backing pages
3158 *
3159 * This reflects the number of pages populated to back chunks. Metadata is
3160 * excluded in the number exposed in meminfo as the number of backing pages
3161 * scales with the number of cpus and can quickly outweigh the memory used for
3162 * metadata. It also keeps this calculation nice and simple.
3163 *
3164 * RETURNS:
3165 * Total number of populated backing pages in use by the allocator.
3166 */
3167unsigned long pcpu_nr_pages(void)
3168{
3169 return pcpu_nr_populated * pcpu_nr_units;
3170}
3171
3172/*
3173 * Percpu allocator is initialized early during boot when neither slab or
3174 * workqueue is available. Plug async management until everything is up
3175 * and running.
3176 */
3177static int __init percpu_enable_async(void)
3178{
3179 pcpu_async_enabled = true;
3180 return 0;
3181}
3182subsys_initcall(percpu_enable_async);
1/*
2 * mm/percpu.c - percpu memory allocator
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
5 * Copyright (C) 2009 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
6 *
7 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
8 *
9 * This is percpu allocator which can handle both static and dynamic
10 * areas. Percpu areas are allocated in chunks. Each chunk is
11 * consisted of boot-time determined number of units and the first
12 * chunk is used for static percpu variables in the kernel image
13 * (special boot time alloc/init handling necessary as these areas
14 * need to be brought up before allocation services are running).
15 * Unit grows as necessary and all units grow or shrink in unison.
16 * When a chunk is filled up, another chunk is allocated.
17 *
18 * c0 c1 c2
19 * ------------------- ------------------- ------------
20 * | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 | | u0 | u1 | u2 | u3 | | u0 | u1 | u
21 * ------------------- ...... ------------------- .... ------------
22 *
23 * Allocation is done in offset-size areas of single unit space. Ie,
24 * an area of 512 bytes at 6k in c1 occupies 512 bytes at 6k of c1:u0,
25 * c1:u1, c1:u2 and c1:u3. On UMA, units corresponds directly to
26 * cpus. On NUMA, the mapping can be non-linear and even sparse.
27 * Percpu access can be done by configuring percpu base registers
28 * according to cpu to unit mapping and pcpu_unit_size.
29 *
30 * There are usually many small percpu allocations many of them being
31 * as small as 4 bytes. The allocator organizes chunks into lists
32 * according to free size and tries to allocate from the fullest one.
33 * Each chunk keeps the maximum contiguous area size hint which is
34 * guaranteed to be equal to or larger than the maximum contiguous
35 * area in the chunk. This helps the allocator not to iterate the
36 * chunk maps unnecessarily.
37 *
38 * Allocation state in each chunk is kept using an array of integers
39 * on chunk->map. A positive value in the map represents a free
40 * region and negative allocated. Allocation inside a chunk is done
41 * by scanning this map sequentially and serving the first matching
42 * entry. This is mostly copied from the percpu_modalloc() allocator.
43 * Chunks can be determined from the address using the index field
44 * in the page struct. The index field contains a pointer to the chunk.
45 *
46 * To use this allocator, arch code should do the followings.
47 *
48 * - define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr() and __pcpu_ptr_to_addr() to translate
49 * regular address to percpu pointer and back if they need to be
50 * different from the default
51 *
52 * - use pcpu_setup_first_chunk() during percpu area initialization to
53 * setup the first chunk containing the kernel static percpu area
54 */
55
56#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
57
58#include <linux/bitmap.h>
59#include <linux/bootmem.h>
60#include <linux/err.h>
61#include <linux/list.h>
62#include <linux/log2.h>
63#include <linux/mm.h>
64#include <linux/module.h>
65#include <linux/mutex.h>
66#include <linux/percpu.h>
67#include <linux/pfn.h>
68#include <linux/slab.h>
69#include <linux/spinlock.h>
70#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
71#include <linux/workqueue.h>
72#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
73
74#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
75#include <asm/sections.h>
76#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
77#include <asm/io.h>
78
79#define PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT 5 /* 1-31 shares the same slot */
80#define PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC 16 /* start a map with 16 ents */
81#define PCPU_ATOMIC_MAP_MARGIN_LOW 32
82#define PCPU_ATOMIC_MAP_MARGIN_HIGH 64
83#define PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_LOW 2
84#define PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH 4
85
86#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
87/* default addr <-> pcpu_ptr mapping, override in asm/percpu.h if necessary */
88#ifndef __addr_to_pcpu_ptr
89#define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(addr) \
90 (void __percpu *)((unsigned long)(addr) - \
91 (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr + \
92 (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start)
93#endif
94#ifndef __pcpu_ptr_to_addr
95#define __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr) \
96 (void __force *)((unsigned long)(ptr) + \
97 (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - \
98 (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start)
99#endif
100#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
101/* on UP, it's always identity mapped */
102#define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(addr) (void __percpu *)(addr)
103#define __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr) (void __force *)(ptr)
104#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
105
106struct pcpu_chunk {
107 struct list_head list; /* linked to pcpu_slot lists */
108 int free_size; /* free bytes in the chunk */
109 int contig_hint; /* max contiguous size hint */
110 void *base_addr; /* base address of this chunk */
111
112 int map_used; /* # of map entries used before the sentry */
113 int map_alloc; /* # of map entries allocated */
114 int *map; /* allocation map */
115 struct list_head map_extend_list;/* on pcpu_map_extend_chunks */
116
117 void *data; /* chunk data */
118 int first_free; /* no free below this */
119 bool immutable; /* no [de]population allowed */
120 int nr_populated; /* # of populated pages */
121 unsigned long populated[]; /* populated bitmap */
122};
123
124static int pcpu_unit_pages __read_mostly;
125static int pcpu_unit_size __read_mostly;
126static int pcpu_nr_units __read_mostly;
127static int pcpu_atom_size __read_mostly;
128static int pcpu_nr_slots __read_mostly;
129static size_t pcpu_chunk_struct_size __read_mostly;
130
131/* cpus with the lowest and highest unit addresses */
132static unsigned int pcpu_low_unit_cpu __read_mostly;
133static unsigned int pcpu_high_unit_cpu __read_mostly;
134
135/* the address of the first chunk which starts with the kernel static area */
136void *pcpu_base_addr __read_mostly;
137EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pcpu_base_addr);
138
139static const int *pcpu_unit_map __read_mostly; /* cpu -> unit */
140const unsigned long *pcpu_unit_offsets __read_mostly; /* cpu -> unit offset */
141
142/* group information, used for vm allocation */
143static int pcpu_nr_groups __read_mostly;
144static const unsigned long *pcpu_group_offsets __read_mostly;
145static const size_t *pcpu_group_sizes __read_mostly;
146
147/*
148 * The first chunk which always exists. Note that unlike other
149 * chunks, this one can be allocated and mapped in several different
150 * ways and thus often doesn't live in the vmalloc area.
151 */
152static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_first_chunk;
153
154/*
155 * Optional reserved chunk. This chunk reserves part of the first
156 * chunk and serves it for reserved allocations. The amount of
157 * reserved offset is in pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit. When reserved
158 * area doesn't exist, the following variables contain NULL and 0
159 * respectively.
160 */
161static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_reserved_chunk;
162static int pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit;
163
164static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pcpu_lock); /* all internal data structures */
165static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcpu_alloc_mutex); /* chunk create/destroy, [de]pop, map ext */
166
167static struct list_head *pcpu_slot __read_mostly; /* chunk list slots */
168
169/* chunks which need their map areas extended, protected by pcpu_lock */
170static LIST_HEAD(pcpu_map_extend_chunks);
171
172/*
173 * The number of empty populated pages, protected by pcpu_lock. The
174 * reserved chunk doesn't contribute to the count.
175 */
176static int pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages;
177
178/*
179 * Balance work is used to populate or destroy chunks asynchronously. We
180 * try to keep the number of populated free pages between
181 * PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_LOW and HIGH for atomic allocations and at most one
182 * empty chunk.
183 */
184static void pcpu_balance_workfn(struct work_struct *work);
185static DECLARE_WORK(pcpu_balance_work, pcpu_balance_workfn);
186static bool pcpu_async_enabled __read_mostly;
187static bool pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed;
188
189static void pcpu_schedule_balance_work(void)
190{
191 if (pcpu_async_enabled)
192 schedule_work(&pcpu_balance_work);
193}
194
195static bool pcpu_addr_in_first_chunk(void *addr)
196{
197 void *first_start = pcpu_first_chunk->base_addr;
198
199 return addr >= first_start && addr < first_start + pcpu_unit_size;
200}
201
202static bool pcpu_addr_in_reserved_chunk(void *addr)
203{
204 void *first_start = pcpu_first_chunk->base_addr;
205
206 return addr >= first_start &&
207 addr < first_start + pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit;
208}
209
210static int __pcpu_size_to_slot(int size)
211{
212 int highbit = fls(size); /* size is in bytes */
213 return max(highbit - PCPU_SLOT_BASE_SHIFT + 2, 1);
214}
215
216static int pcpu_size_to_slot(int size)
217{
218 if (size == pcpu_unit_size)
219 return pcpu_nr_slots - 1;
220 return __pcpu_size_to_slot(size);
221}
222
223static int pcpu_chunk_slot(const struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
224{
225 if (chunk->free_size < sizeof(int) || chunk->contig_hint < sizeof(int))
226 return 0;
227
228 return pcpu_size_to_slot(chunk->free_size);
229}
230
231/* set the pointer to a chunk in a page struct */
232static void pcpu_set_page_chunk(struct page *page, struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu)
233{
234 page->index = (unsigned long)pcpu;
235}
236
237/* obtain pointer to a chunk from a page struct */
238static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_get_page_chunk(struct page *page)
239{
240 return (struct pcpu_chunk *)page->index;
241}
242
243static int __maybe_unused pcpu_page_idx(unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
244{
245 return pcpu_unit_map[cpu] * pcpu_unit_pages + page_idx;
246}
247
248static unsigned long pcpu_chunk_addr(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
249 unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
250{
251 return (unsigned long)chunk->base_addr + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu] +
252 (page_idx << PAGE_SHIFT);
253}
254
255static void __maybe_unused pcpu_next_unpop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
256 int *rs, int *re, int end)
257{
258 *rs = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs);
259 *re = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1);
260}
261
262static void __maybe_unused pcpu_next_pop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
263 int *rs, int *re, int end)
264{
265 *rs = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs);
266 *re = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1);
267}
268
269/*
270 * (Un)populated page region iterators. Iterate over (un)populated
271 * page regions between @start and @end in @chunk. @rs and @re should
272 * be integer variables and will be set to start and end page index of
273 * the current region.
274 */
275#define pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end) \
276 for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)); \
277 (rs) < (re); \
278 (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)))
279
280#define pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end) \
281 for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)); \
282 (rs) < (re); \
283 (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)))
284
285/**
286 * pcpu_mem_zalloc - allocate memory
287 * @size: bytes to allocate
288 *
289 * Allocate @size bytes. If @size is smaller than PAGE_SIZE,
290 * kzalloc() is used; otherwise, vzalloc() is used. The returned
291 * memory is always zeroed.
292 *
293 * CONTEXT:
294 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.
295 *
296 * RETURNS:
297 * Pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
298 */
299static void *pcpu_mem_zalloc(size_t size)
300{
301 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!slab_is_available()))
302 return NULL;
303
304 if (size <= PAGE_SIZE)
305 return kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
306 else
307 return vzalloc(size);
308}
309
310/**
311 * pcpu_mem_free - free memory
312 * @ptr: memory to free
313 *
314 * Free @ptr. @ptr should have been allocated using pcpu_mem_zalloc().
315 */
316static void pcpu_mem_free(void *ptr)
317{
318 kvfree(ptr);
319}
320
321/**
322 * pcpu_count_occupied_pages - count the number of pages an area occupies
323 * @chunk: chunk of interest
324 * @i: index of the area in question
325 *
326 * Count the number of pages chunk's @i'th area occupies. When the area's
327 * start and/or end address isn't aligned to page boundary, the straddled
328 * page is included in the count iff the rest of the page is free.
329 */
330static int pcpu_count_occupied_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int i)
331{
332 int off = chunk->map[i] & ~1;
333 int end = chunk->map[i + 1] & ~1;
334
335 if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(off) && i > 0) {
336 int prev = chunk->map[i - 1];
337
338 if (!(prev & 1) && prev <= round_down(off, PAGE_SIZE))
339 off = round_down(off, PAGE_SIZE);
340 }
341
342 if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(end) && i + 1 < chunk->map_used) {
343 int next = chunk->map[i + 1];
344 int nend = chunk->map[i + 2] & ~1;
345
346 if (!(next & 1) && nend >= round_up(end, PAGE_SIZE))
347 end = round_up(end, PAGE_SIZE);
348 }
349
350 return max_t(int, PFN_DOWN(end) - PFN_UP(off), 0);
351}
352
353/**
354 * pcpu_chunk_relocate - put chunk in the appropriate chunk slot
355 * @chunk: chunk of interest
356 * @oslot: the previous slot it was on
357 *
358 * This function is called after an allocation or free changed @chunk.
359 * New slot according to the changed state is determined and @chunk is
360 * moved to the slot. Note that the reserved chunk is never put on
361 * chunk slots.
362 *
363 * CONTEXT:
364 * pcpu_lock.
365 */
366static void pcpu_chunk_relocate(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int oslot)
367{
368 int nslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
369
370 if (chunk != pcpu_reserved_chunk && oslot != nslot) {
371 if (oslot < nslot)
372 list_move(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[nslot]);
373 else
374 list_move_tail(&chunk->list, &pcpu_slot[nslot]);
375 }
376}
377
378/**
379 * pcpu_need_to_extend - determine whether chunk area map needs to be extended
380 * @chunk: chunk of interest
381 * @is_atomic: the allocation context
382 *
383 * Determine whether area map of @chunk needs to be extended. If
384 * @is_atomic, only the amount necessary for a new allocation is
385 * considered; however, async extension is scheduled if the left amount is
386 * low. If !@is_atomic, it aims for more empty space. Combined, this
387 * ensures that the map is likely to have enough available space to
388 * accomodate atomic allocations which can't extend maps directly.
389 *
390 * CONTEXT:
391 * pcpu_lock.
392 *
393 * RETURNS:
394 * New target map allocation length if extension is necessary, 0
395 * otherwise.
396 */
397static int pcpu_need_to_extend(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, bool is_atomic)
398{
399 int margin, new_alloc;
400
401 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_lock);
402
403 if (is_atomic) {
404 margin = 3;
405
406 if (chunk->map_alloc <
407 chunk->map_used + PCPU_ATOMIC_MAP_MARGIN_LOW) {
408 if (list_empty(&chunk->map_extend_list)) {
409 list_add_tail(&chunk->map_extend_list,
410 &pcpu_map_extend_chunks);
411 pcpu_schedule_balance_work();
412 }
413 }
414 } else {
415 margin = PCPU_ATOMIC_MAP_MARGIN_HIGH;
416 }
417
418 if (chunk->map_alloc >= chunk->map_used + margin)
419 return 0;
420
421 new_alloc = PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC;
422 while (new_alloc < chunk->map_used + margin)
423 new_alloc *= 2;
424
425 return new_alloc;
426}
427
428/**
429 * pcpu_extend_area_map - extend area map of a chunk
430 * @chunk: chunk of interest
431 * @new_alloc: new target allocation length of the area map
432 *
433 * Extend area map of @chunk to have @new_alloc entries.
434 *
435 * CONTEXT:
436 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation. Grabs and releases pcpu_lock.
437 *
438 * RETURNS:
439 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
440 */
441static int pcpu_extend_area_map(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int new_alloc)
442{
443 int *old = NULL, *new = NULL;
444 size_t old_size = 0, new_size = new_alloc * sizeof(new[0]);
445 unsigned long flags;
446
447 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
448
449 new = pcpu_mem_zalloc(new_size);
450 if (!new)
451 return -ENOMEM;
452
453 /* acquire pcpu_lock and switch to new area map */
454 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
455
456 if (new_alloc <= chunk->map_alloc)
457 goto out_unlock;
458
459 old_size = chunk->map_alloc * sizeof(chunk->map[0]);
460 old = chunk->map;
461
462 memcpy(new, old, old_size);
463
464 chunk->map_alloc = new_alloc;
465 chunk->map = new;
466 new = NULL;
467
468out_unlock:
469 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
470
471 /*
472 * pcpu_mem_free() might end up calling vfree() which uses
473 * IRQ-unsafe lock and thus can't be called under pcpu_lock.
474 */
475 pcpu_mem_free(old);
476 pcpu_mem_free(new);
477
478 return 0;
479}
480
481/**
482 * pcpu_fit_in_area - try to fit the requested allocation in a candidate area
483 * @chunk: chunk the candidate area belongs to
484 * @off: the offset to the start of the candidate area
485 * @this_size: the size of the candidate area
486 * @size: the size of the target allocation
487 * @align: the alignment of the target allocation
488 * @pop_only: only allocate from already populated region
489 *
490 * We're trying to allocate @size bytes aligned at @align. @chunk's area
491 * at @off sized @this_size is a candidate. This function determines
492 * whether the target allocation fits in the candidate area and returns the
493 * number of bytes to pad after @off. If the target area doesn't fit, -1
494 * is returned.
495 *
496 * If @pop_only is %true, this function only considers the already
497 * populated part of the candidate area.
498 */
499static int pcpu_fit_in_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int this_size,
500 int size, int align, bool pop_only)
501{
502 int cand_off = off;
503
504 while (true) {
505 int head = ALIGN(cand_off, align) - off;
506 int page_start, page_end, rs, re;
507
508 if (this_size < head + size)
509 return -1;
510
511 if (!pop_only)
512 return head;
513
514 /*
515 * If the first unpopulated page is beyond the end of the
516 * allocation, the whole allocation is populated;
517 * otherwise, retry from the end of the unpopulated area.
518 */
519 page_start = PFN_DOWN(head + off);
520 page_end = PFN_UP(head + off + size);
521
522 rs = page_start;
523 pcpu_next_unpop(chunk, &rs, &re, PFN_UP(off + this_size));
524 if (rs >= page_end)
525 return head;
526 cand_off = re * PAGE_SIZE;
527 }
528}
529
530/**
531 * pcpu_alloc_area - allocate area from a pcpu_chunk
532 * @chunk: chunk of interest
533 * @size: wanted size in bytes
534 * @align: wanted align
535 * @pop_only: allocate only from the populated area
536 * @occ_pages_p: out param for the number of pages the area occupies
537 *
538 * Try to allocate @size bytes area aligned at @align from @chunk.
539 * Note that this function only allocates the offset. It doesn't
540 * populate or map the area.
541 *
542 * @chunk->map must have at least two free slots.
543 *
544 * CONTEXT:
545 * pcpu_lock.
546 *
547 * RETURNS:
548 * Allocated offset in @chunk on success, -1 if no matching area is
549 * found.
550 */
551static int pcpu_alloc_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int size, int align,
552 bool pop_only, int *occ_pages_p)
553{
554 int oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
555 int max_contig = 0;
556 int i, off;
557 bool seen_free = false;
558 int *p;
559
560 for (i = chunk->first_free, p = chunk->map + i; i < chunk->map_used; i++, p++) {
561 int head, tail;
562 int this_size;
563
564 off = *p;
565 if (off & 1)
566 continue;
567
568 this_size = (p[1] & ~1) - off;
569
570 head = pcpu_fit_in_area(chunk, off, this_size, size, align,
571 pop_only);
572 if (head < 0) {
573 if (!seen_free) {
574 chunk->first_free = i;
575 seen_free = true;
576 }
577 max_contig = max(this_size, max_contig);
578 continue;
579 }
580
581 /*
582 * If head is small or the previous block is free,
583 * merge'em. Note that 'small' is defined as smaller
584 * than sizeof(int), which is very small but isn't too
585 * uncommon for percpu allocations.
586 */
587 if (head && (head < sizeof(int) || !(p[-1] & 1))) {
588 *p = off += head;
589 if (p[-1] & 1)
590 chunk->free_size -= head;
591 else
592 max_contig = max(*p - p[-1], max_contig);
593 this_size -= head;
594 head = 0;
595 }
596
597 /* if tail is small, just keep it around */
598 tail = this_size - head - size;
599 if (tail < sizeof(int)) {
600 tail = 0;
601 size = this_size - head;
602 }
603
604 /* split if warranted */
605 if (head || tail) {
606 int nr_extra = !!head + !!tail;
607
608 /* insert new subblocks */
609 memmove(p + nr_extra + 1, p + 1,
610 sizeof(chunk->map[0]) * (chunk->map_used - i));
611 chunk->map_used += nr_extra;
612
613 if (head) {
614 if (!seen_free) {
615 chunk->first_free = i;
616 seen_free = true;
617 }
618 *++p = off += head;
619 ++i;
620 max_contig = max(head, max_contig);
621 }
622 if (tail) {
623 p[1] = off + size;
624 max_contig = max(tail, max_contig);
625 }
626 }
627
628 if (!seen_free)
629 chunk->first_free = i + 1;
630
631 /* update hint and mark allocated */
632 if (i + 1 == chunk->map_used)
633 chunk->contig_hint = max_contig; /* fully scanned */
634 else
635 chunk->contig_hint = max(chunk->contig_hint,
636 max_contig);
637
638 chunk->free_size -= size;
639 *p |= 1;
640
641 *occ_pages_p = pcpu_count_occupied_pages(chunk, i);
642 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);
643 return off;
644 }
645
646 chunk->contig_hint = max_contig; /* fully scanned */
647 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);
648
649 /* tell the upper layer that this chunk has no matching area */
650 return -1;
651}
652
653/**
654 * pcpu_free_area - free area to a pcpu_chunk
655 * @chunk: chunk of interest
656 * @freeme: offset of area to free
657 * @occ_pages_p: out param for the number of pages the area occupies
658 *
659 * Free area starting from @freeme to @chunk. Note that this function
660 * only modifies the allocation map. It doesn't depopulate or unmap
661 * the area.
662 *
663 * CONTEXT:
664 * pcpu_lock.
665 */
666static void pcpu_free_area(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int freeme,
667 int *occ_pages_p)
668{
669 int oslot = pcpu_chunk_slot(chunk);
670 int off = 0;
671 unsigned i, j;
672 int to_free = 0;
673 int *p;
674
675 freeme |= 1; /* we are searching for <given offset, in use> pair */
676
677 i = 0;
678 j = chunk->map_used;
679 while (i != j) {
680 unsigned k = (i + j) / 2;
681 off = chunk->map[k];
682 if (off < freeme)
683 i = k + 1;
684 else if (off > freeme)
685 j = k;
686 else
687 i = j = k;
688 }
689 BUG_ON(off != freeme);
690
691 if (i < chunk->first_free)
692 chunk->first_free = i;
693
694 p = chunk->map + i;
695 *p = off &= ~1;
696 chunk->free_size += (p[1] & ~1) - off;
697
698 *occ_pages_p = pcpu_count_occupied_pages(chunk, i);
699
700 /* merge with next? */
701 if (!(p[1] & 1))
702 to_free++;
703 /* merge with previous? */
704 if (i > 0 && !(p[-1] & 1)) {
705 to_free++;
706 i--;
707 p--;
708 }
709 if (to_free) {
710 chunk->map_used -= to_free;
711 memmove(p + 1, p + 1 + to_free,
712 (chunk->map_used - i) * sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
713 }
714
715 chunk->contig_hint = max(chunk->map[i + 1] - chunk->map[i] - 1, chunk->contig_hint);
716 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, oslot);
717}
718
719static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_alloc_chunk(void)
720{
721 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
722
723 chunk = pcpu_mem_zalloc(pcpu_chunk_struct_size);
724 if (!chunk)
725 return NULL;
726
727 chunk->map = pcpu_mem_zalloc(PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC *
728 sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
729 if (!chunk->map) {
730 pcpu_mem_free(chunk);
731 return NULL;
732 }
733
734 chunk->map_alloc = PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC;
735 chunk->map[0] = 0;
736 chunk->map[1] = pcpu_unit_size | 1;
737 chunk->map_used = 1;
738
739 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->list);
740 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->map_extend_list);
741 chunk->free_size = pcpu_unit_size;
742 chunk->contig_hint = pcpu_unit_size;
743
744 return chunk;
745}
746
747static void pcpu_free_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
748{
749 if (!chunk)
750 return;
751 pcpu_mem_free(chunk->map);
752 pcpu_mem_free(chunk);
753}
754
755/**
756 * pcpu_chunk_populated - post-population bookkeeping
757 * @chunk: pcpu_chunk which got populated
758 * @page_start: the start page
759 * @page_end: the end page
760 *
761 * Pages in [@page_start,@page_end) have been populated to @chunk. Update
762 * the bookkeeping information accordingly. Must be called after each
763 * successful population.
764 */
765static void pcpu_chunk_populated(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
766 int page_start, int page_end)
767{
768 int nr = page_end - page_start;
769
770 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_lock);
771
772 bitmap_set(chunk->populated, page_start, nr);
773 chunk->nr_populated += nr;
774 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages += nr;
775}
776
777/**
778 * pcpu_chunk_depopulated - post-depopulation bookkeeping
779 * @chunk: pcpu_chunk which got depopulated
780 * @page_start: the start page
781 * @page_end: the end page
782 *
783 * Pages in [@page_start,@page_end) have been depopulated from @chunk.
784 * Update the bookkeeping information accordingly. Must be called after
785 * each successful depopulation.
786 */
787static void pcpu_chunk_depopulated(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
788 int page_start, int page_end)
789{
790 int nr = page_end - page_start;
791
792 lockdep_assert_held(&pcpu_lock);
793
794 bitmap_clear(chunk->populated, page_start, nr);
795 chunk->nr_populated -= nr;
796 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages -= nr;
797}
798
799/*
800 * Chunk management implementation.
801 *
802 * To allow different implementations, chunk alloc/free and
803 * [de]population are implemented in a separate file which is pulled
804 * into this file and compiled together. The following functions
805 * should be implemented.
806 *
807 * pcpu_populate_chunk - populate the specified range of a chunk
808 * pcpu_depopulate_chunk - depopulate the specified range of a chunk
809 * pcpu_create_chunk - create a new chunk
810 * pcpu_destroy_chunk - destroy a chunk, always preceded by full depop
811 * pcpu_addr_to_page - translate address to physical address
812 * pcpu_verify_alloc_info - check alloc_info is acceptable during init
813 */
814static int pcpu_populate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size);
815static void pcpu_depopulate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size);
816static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_create_chunk(void);
817static void pcpu_destroy_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk);
818static struct page *pcpu_addr_to_page(void *addr);
819static int __init pcpu_verify_alloc_info(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai);
820
821#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_KM
822#include "percpu-km.c"
823#else
824#include "percpu-vm.c"
825#endif
826
827/**
828 * pcpu_chunk_addr_search - determine chunk containing specified address
829 * @addr: address for which the chunk needs to be determined.
830 *
831 * RETURNS:
832 * The address of the found chunk.
833 */
834static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_chunk_addr_search(void *addr)
835{
836 /* is it in the first chunk? */
837 if (pcpu_addr_in_first_chunk(addr)) {
838 /* is it in the reserved area? */
839 if (pcpu_addr_in_reserved_chunk(addr))
840 return pcpu_reserved_chunk;
841 return pcpu_first_chunk;
842 }
843
844 /*
845 * The address is relative to unit0 which might be unused and
846 * thus unmapped. Offset the address to the unit space of the
847 * current processor before looking it up in the vmalloc
848 * space. Note that any possible cpu id can be used here, so
849 * there's no need to worry about preemption or cpu hotplug.
850 */
851 addr += pcpu_unit_offsets[raw_smp_processor_id()];
852 return pcpu_get_page_chunk(pcpu_addr_to_page(addr));
853}
854
855/**
856 * pcpu_alloc - the percpu allocator
857 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
858 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
859 * @reserved: allocate from the reserved chunk if available
860 * @gfp: allocation flags
861 *
862 * Allocate percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align. If @gfp doesn't
863 * contain %GFP_KERNEL, the allocation is atomic.
864 *
865 * RETURNS:
866 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
867 */
868static void __percpu *pcpu_alloc(size_t size, size_t align, bool reserved,
869 gfp_t gfp)
870{
871 static int warn_limit = 10;
872 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
873 const char *err;
874 bool is_atomic = (gfp & GFP_KERNEL) != GFP_KERNEL;
875 int occ_pages = 0;
876 int slot, off, new_alloc, cpu, ret;
877 unsigned long flags;
878 void __percpu *ptr;
879
880 /*
881 * We want the lowest bit of offset available for in-use/free
882 * indicator, so force >= 16bit alignment and make size even.
883 */
884 if (unlikely(align < 2))
885 align = 2;
886
887 size = ALIGN(size, 2);
888
889 if (unlikely(!size || size > PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE || align > PAGE_SIZE ||
890 !is_power_of_2(align))) {
891 WARN(true, "illegal size (%zu) or align (%zu) for percpu allocation\n",
892 size, align);
893 return NULL;
894 }
895
896 if (!is_atomic)
897 mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
898
899 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
900
901 /* serve reserved allocations from the reserved chunk if available */
902 if (reserved && pcpu_reserved_chunk) {
903 chunk = pcpu_reserved_chunk;
904
905 if (size > chunk->contig_hint) {
906 err = "alloc from reserved chunk failed";
907 goto fail_unlock;
908 }
909
910 while ((new_alloc = pcpu_need_to_extend(chunk, is_atomic))) {
911 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
912 if (is_atomic ||
913 pcpu_extend_area_map(chunk, new_alloc) < 0) {
914 err = "failed to extend area map of reserved chunk";
915 goto fail;
916 }
917 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
918 }
919
920 off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, size, align, is_atomic,
921 &occ_pages);
922 if (off >= 0)
923 goto area_found;
924
925 err = "alloc from reserved chunk failed";
926 goto fail_unlock;
927 }
928
929restart:
930 /* search through normal chunks */
931 for (slot = pcpu_size_to_slot(size); slot < pcpu_nr_slots; slot++) {
932 list_for_each_entry(chunk, &pcpu_slot[slot], list) {
933 if (size > chunk->contig_hint)
934 continue;
935
936 new_alloc = pcpu_need_to_extend(chunk, is_atomic);
937 if (new_alloc) {
938 if (is_atomic)
939 continue;
940 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
941 if (pcpu_extend_area_map(chunk,
942 new_alloc) < 0) {
943 err = "failed to extend area map";
944 goto fail;
945 }
946 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
947 /*
948 * pcpu_lock has been dropped, need to
949 * restart cpu_slot list walking.
950 */
951 goto restart;
952 }
953
954 off = pcpu_alloc_area(chunk, size, align, is_atomic,
955 &occ_pages);
956 if (off >= 0)
957 goto area_found;
958 }
959 }
960
961 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
962
963 /*
964 * No space left. Create a new chunk. We don't want multiple
965 * tasks to create chunks simultaneously. Serialize and create iff
966 * there's still no empty chunk after grabbing the mutex.
967 */
968 if (is_atomic)
969 goto fail;
970
971 if (list_empty(&pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1])) {
972 chunk = pcpu_create_chunk();
973 if (!chunk) {
974 err = "failed to allocate new chunk";
975 goto fail;
976 }
977
978 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
979 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, -1);
980 } else {
981 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
982 }
983
984 goto restart;
985
986area_found:
987 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
988
989 /* populate if not all pages are already there */
990 if (!is_atomic) {
991 int page_start, page_end, rs, re;
992
993 page_start = PFN_DOWN(off);
994 page_end = PFN_UP(off + size);
995
996 pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) {
997 WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
998
999 ret = pcpu_populate_chunk(chunk, rs, re);
1000
1001 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1002 if (ret) {
1003 pcpu_free_area(chunk, off, &occ_pages);
1004 err = "failed to populate";
1005 goto fail_unlock;
1006 }
1007 pcpu_chunk_populated(chunk, rs, re);
1008 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1009 }
1010
1011 mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1012 }
1013
1014 if (chunk != pcpu_reserved_chunk) {
1015 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1016 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages -= occ_pages;
1017 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1018 }
1019
1020 if (pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages < PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_LOW)
1021 pcpu_schedule_balance_work();
1022
1023 /* clear the areas and return address relative to base address */
1024 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1025 memset((void *)pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, 0) + off, 0, size);
1026
1027 ptr = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(chunk->base_addr + off);
1028 kmemleak_alloc_percpu(ptr, size, gfp);
1029 return ptr;
1030
1031fail_unlock:
1032 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1033fail:
1034 if (!is_atomic && warn_limit) {
1035 pr_warn("allocation failed, size=%zu align=%zu atomic=%d, %s\n",
1036 size, align, is_atomic, err);
1037 dump_stack();
1038 if (!--warn_limit)
1039 pr_info("limit reached, disable warning\n");
1040 }
1041 if (is_atomic) {
1042 /* see the flag handling in pcpu_blance_workfn() */
1043 pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed = true;
1044 pcpu_schedule_balance_work();
1045 } else {
1046 mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1047 }
1048 return NULL;
1049}
1050
1051/**
1052 * __alloc_percpu_gfp - allocate dynamic percpu area
1053 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
1054 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1055 * @gfp: allocation flags
1056 *
1057 * Allocate zero-filled percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align. If
1058 * @gfp doesn't contain %GFP_KERNEL, the allocation doesn't block and can
1059 * be called from any context but is a lot more likely to fail.
1060 *
1061 * RETURNS:
1062 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
1063 */
1064void __percpu *__alloc_percpu_gfp(size_t size, size_t align, gfp_t gfp)
1065{
1066 return pcpu_alloc(size, align, false, gfp);
1067}
1068EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__alloc_percpu_gfp);
1069
1070/**
1071 * __alloc_percpu - allocate dynamic percpu area
1072 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
1073 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1074 *
1075 * Equivalent to __alloc_percpu_gfp(size, align, %GFP_KERNEL).
1076 */
1077void __percpu *__alloc_percpu(size_t size, size_t align)
1078{
1079 return pcpu_alloc(size, align, false, GFP_KERNEL);
1080}
1081EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__alloc_percpu);
1082
1083/**
1084 * __alloc_reserved_percpu - allocate reserved percpu area
1085 * @size: size of area to allocate in bytes
1086 * @align: alignment of area (max PAGE_SIZE)
1087 *
1088 * Allocate zero-filled percpu area of @size bytes aligned at @align
1089 * from reserved percpu area if arch has set it up; otherwise,
1090 * allocation is served from the same dynamic area. Might sleep.
1091 * Might trigger writeouts.
1092 *
1093 * CONTEXT:
1094 * Does GFP_KERNEL allocation.
1095 *
1096 * RETURNS:
1097 * Percpu pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
1098 */
1099void __percpu *__alloc_reserved_percpu(size_t size, size_t align)
1100{
1101 return pcpu_alloc(size, align, true, GFP_KERNEL);
1102}
1103
1104/**
1105 * pcpu_balance_workfn - manage the amount of free chunks and populated pages
1106 * @work: unused
1107 *
1108 * Reclaim all fully free chunks except for the first one.
1109 */
1110static void pcpu_balance_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
1111{
1112 LIST_HEAD(to_free);
1113 struct list_head *free_head = &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1];
1114 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, *next;
1115 int slot, nr_to_pop, ret;
1116
1117 /*
1118 * There's no reason to keep around multiple unused chunks and VM
1119 * areas can be scarce. Destroy all free chunks except for one.
1120 */
1121 mutex_lock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1122 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1123
1124 list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, free_head, list) {
1125 WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
1126
1127 /* spare the first one */
1128 if (chunk == list_first_entry(free_head, struct pcpu_chunk, list))
1129 continue;
1130
1131 list_del_init(&chunk->map_extend_list);
1132 list_move(&chunk->list, &to_free);
1133 }
1134
1135 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1136
1137 list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, &to_free, list) {
1138 int rs, re;
1139
1140 pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, 0, pcpu_unit_pages) {
1141 pcpu_depopulate_chunk(chunk, rs, re);
1142 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1143 pcpu_chunk_depopulated(chunk, rs, re);
1144 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1145 }
1146 pcpu_destroy_chunk(chunk);
1147 }
1148
1149 /* service chunks which requested async area map extension */
1150 do {
1151 int new_alloc = 0;
1152
1153 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1154
1155 chunk = list_first_entry_or_null(&pcpu_map_extend_chunks,
1156 struct pcpu_chunk, map_extend_list);
1157 if (chunk) {
1158 list_del_init(&chunk->map_extend_list);
1159 new_alloc = pcpu_need_to_extend(chunk, false);
1160 }
1161
1162 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1163
1164 if (new_alloc)
1165 pcpu_extend_area_map(chunk, new_alloc);
1166 } while (chunk);
1167
1168 /*
1169 * Ensure there are certain number of free populated pages for
1170 * atomic allocs. Fill up from the most packed so that atomic
1171 * allocs don't increase fragmentation. If atomic allocation
1172 * failed previously, always populate the maximum amount. This
1173 * should prevent atomic allocs larger than PAGE_SIZE from keeping
1174 * failing indefinitely; however, large atomic allocs are not
1175 * something we support properly and can be highly unreliable and
1176 * inefficient.
1177 */
1178retry_pop:
1179 if (pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed) {
1180 nr_to_pop = PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH;
1181 /* best effort anyway, don't worry about synchronization */
1182 pcpu_atomic_alloc_failed = false;
1183 } else {
1184 nr_to_pop = clamp(PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH -
1185 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages,
1186 0, PCPU_EMPTY_POP_PAGES_HIGH);
1187 }
1188
1189 for (slot = pcpu_size_to_slot(PAGE_SIZE); slot < pcpu_nr_slots; slot++) {
1190 int nr_unpop = 0, rs, re;
1191
1192 if (!nr_to_pop)
1193 break;
1194
1195 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1196 list_for_each_entry(chunk, &pcpu_slot[slot], list) {
1197 nr_unpop = pcpu_unit_pages - chunk->nr_populated;
1198 if (nr_unpop)
1199 break;
1200 }
1201 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1202
1203 if (!nr_unpop)
1204 continue;
1205
1206 /* @chunk can't go away while pcpu_alloc_mutex is held */
1207 pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, 0, pcpu_unit_pages) {
1208 int nr = min(re - rs, nr_to_pop);
1209
1210 ret = pcpu_populate_chunk(chunk, rs, rs + nr);
1211 if (!ret) {
1212 nr_to_pop -= nr;
1213 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1214 pcpu_chunk_populated(chunk, rs, rs + nr);
1215 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1216 } else {
1217 nr_to_pop = 0;
1218 }
1219
1220 if (!nr_to_pop)
1221 break;
1222 }
1223 }
1224
1225 if (nr_to_pop) {
1226 /* ran out of chunks to populate, create a new one and retry */
1227 chunk = pcpu_create_chunk();
1228 if (chunk) {
1229 spin_lock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1230 pcpu_chunk_relocate(chunk, -1);
1231 spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
1232 goto retry_pop;
1233 }
1234 }
1235
1236 mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
1237}
1238
1239/**
1240 * free_percpu - free percpu area
1241 * @ptr: pointer to area to free
1242 *
1243 * Free percpu area @ptr.
1244 *
1245 * CONTEXT:
1246 * Can be called from atomic context.
1247 */
1248void free_percpu(void __percpu *ptr)
1249{
1250 void *addr;
1251 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
1252 unsigned long flags;
1253 int off, occ_pages;
1254
1255 if (!ptr)
1256 return;
1257
1258 kmemleak_free_percpu(ptr);
1259
1260 addr = __pcpu_ptr_to_addr(ptr);
1261
1262 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1263
1264 chunk = pcpu_chunk_addr_search(addr);
1265 off = addr - chunk->base_addr;
1266
1267 pcpu_free_area(chunk, off, &occ_pages);
1268
1269 if (chunk != pcpu_reserved_chunk)
1270 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages += occ_pages;
1271
1272 /* if there are more than one fully free chunks, wake up grim reaper */
1273 if (chunk->free_size == pcpu_unit_size) {
1274 struct pcpu_chunk *pos;
1275
1276 list_for_each_entry(pos, &pcpu_slot[pcpu_nr_slots - 1], list)
1277 if (pos != chunk) {
1278 pcpu_schedule_balance_work();
1279 break;
1280 }
1281 }
1282
1283 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
1284}
1285EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_percpu);
1286
1287/**
1288 * is_kernel_percpu_address - test whether address is from static percpu area
1289 * @addr: address to test
1290 *
1291 * Test whether @addr belongs to in-kernel static percpu area. Module
1292 * static percpu areas are not considered. For those, use
1293 * is_module_percpu_address().
1294 *
1295 * RETURNS:
1296 * %true if @addr is from in-kernel static percpu area, %false otherwise.
1297 */
1298bool is_kernel_percpu_address(unsigned long addr)
1299{
1300#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1301 const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
1302 void __percpu *base = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(pcpu_base_addr);
1303 unsigned int cpu;
1304
1305 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1306 void *start = per_cpu_ptr(base, cpu);
1307
1308 if ((void *)addr >= start && (void *)addr < start + static_size)
1309 return true;
1310 }
1311#endif
1312 /* on UP, can't distinguish from other static vars, always false */
1313 return false;
1314}
1315
1316/**
1317 * per_cpu_ptr_to_phys - convert translated percpu address to physical address
1318 * @addr: the address to be converted to physical address
1319 *
1320 * Given @addr which is dereferenceable address obtained via one of
1321 * percpu access macros, this function translates it into its physical
1322 * address. The caller is responsible for ensuring @addr stays valid
1323 * until this function finishes.
1324 *
1325 * percpu allocator has special setup for the first chunk, which currently
1326 * supports either embedding in linear address space or vmalloc mapping,
1327 * and, from the second one, the backing allocator (currently either vm or
1328 * km) provides translation.
1329 *
1330 * The addr can be translated simply without checking if it falls into the
1331 * first chunk. But the current code reflects better how percpu allocator
1332 * actually works, and the verification can discover both bugs in percpu
1333 * allocator itself and per_cpu_ptr_to_phys() callers. So we keep current
1334 * code.
1335 *
1336 * RETURNS:
1337 * The physical address for @addr.
1338 */
1339phys_addr_t per_cpu_ptr_to_phys(void *addr)
1340{
1341 void __percpu *base = __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(pcpu_base_addr);
1342 bool in_first_chunk = false;
1343 unsigned long first_low, first_high;
1344 unsigned int cpu;
1345
1346 /*
1347 * The following test on unit_low/high isn't strictly
1348 * necessary but will speed up lookups of addresses which
1349 * aren't in the first chunk.
1350 */
1351 first_low = pcpu_chunk_addr(pcpu_first_chunk, pcpu_low_unit_cpu, 0);
1352 first_high = pcpu_chunk_addr(pcpu_first_chunk, pcpu_high_unit_cpu,
1353 pcpu_unit_pages);
1354 if ((unsigned long)addr >= first_low &&
1355 (unsigned long)addr < first_high) {
1356 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1357 void *start = per_cpu_ptr(base, cpu);
1358
1359 if (addr >= start && addr < start + pcpu_unit_size) {
1360 in_first_chunk = true;
1361 break;
1362 }
1363 }
1364 }
1365
1366 if (in_first_chunk) {
1367 if (!is_vmalloc_addr(addr))
1368 return __pa(addr);
1369 else
1370 return page_to_phys(vmalloc_to_page(addr)) +
1371 offset_in_page(addr);
1372 } else
1373 return page_to_phys(pcpu_addr_to_page(addr)) +
1374 offset_in_page(addr);
1375}
1376
1377/**
1378 * pcpu_alloc_alloc_info - allocate percpu allocation info
1379 * @nr_groups: the number of groups
1380 * @nr_units: the number of units
1381 *
1382 * Allocate ai which is large enough for @nr_groups groups containing
1383 * @nr_units units. The returned ai's groups[0].cpu_map points to the
1384 * cpu_map array which is long enough for @nr_units and filled with
1385 * NR_CPUS. It's the caller's responsibility to initialize cpu_map
1386 * pointer of other groups.
1387 *
1388 * RETURNS:
1389 * Pointer to the allocated pcpu_alloc_info on success, NULL on
1390 * failure.
1391 */
1392struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(int nr_groups,
1393 int nr_units)
1394{
1395 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
1396 size_t base_size, ai_size;
1397 void *ptr;
1398 int unit;
1399
1400 base_size = ALIGN(sizeof(*ai) + nr_groups * sizeof(ai->groups[0]),
1401 __alignof__(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]));
1402 ai_size = base_size + nr_units * sizeof(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]);
1403
1404 ptr = memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(PFN_ALIGN(ai_size), 0);
1405 if (!ptr)
1406 return NULL;
1407 ai = ptr;
1408 ptr += base_size;
1409
1410 ai->groups[0].cpu_map = ptr;
1411
1412 for (unit = 0; unit < nr_units; unit++)
1413 ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit] = NR_CPUS;
1414
1415 ai->nr_groups = nr_groups;
1416 ai->__ai_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai_size);
1417
1418 return ai;
1419}
1420
1421/**
1422 * pcpu_free_alloc_info - free percpu allocation info
1423 * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info to free
1424 *
1425 * Free @ai which was allocated by pcpu_alloc_alloc_info().
1426 */
1427void __init pcpu_free_alloc_info(struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
1428{
1429 memblock_free_early(__pa(ai), ai->__ai_size);
1430}
1431
1432/**
1433 * pcpu_dump_alloc_info - print out information about pcpu_alloc_info
1434 * @lvl: loglevel
1435 * @ai: allocation info to dump
1436 *
1437 * Print out information about @ai using loglevel @lvl.
1438 */
1439static void pcpu_dump_alloc_info(const char *lvl,
1440 const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
1441{
1442 int group_width = 1, cpu_width = 1, width;
1443 char empty_str[] = "--------";
1444 int alloc = 0, alloc_end = 0;
1445 int group, v;
1446 int upa, apl; /* units per alloc, allocs per line */
1447
1448 v = ai->nr_groups;
1449 while (v /= 10)
1450 group_width++;
1451
1452 v = num_possible_cpus();
1453 while (v /= 10)
1454 cpu_width++;
1455 empty_str[min_t(int, cpu_width, sizeof(empty_str) - 1)] = '\0';
1456
1457 upa = ai->alloc_size / ai->unit_size;
1458 width = upa * (cpu_width + 1) + group_width + 3;
1459 apl = rounddown_pow_of_two(max(60 / width, 1));
1460
1461 printk("%spcpu-alloc: s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu alloc=%zu*%zu",
1462 lvl, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size,
1463 ai->unit_size, ai->alloc_size / ai->atom_size, ai->atom_size);
1464
1465 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
1466 const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
1467 int unit = 0, unit_end = 0;
1468
1469 BUG_ON(gi->nr_units % upa);
1470 for (alloc_end += gi->nr_units / upa;
1471 alloc < alloc_end; alloc++) {
1472 if (!(alloc % apl)) {
1473 pr_cont("\n");
1474 printk("%spcpu-alloc: ", lvl);
1475 }
1476 pr_cont("[%0*d] ", group_width, group);
1477
1478 for (unit_end += upa; unit < unit_end; unit++)
1479 if (gi->cpu_map[unit] != NR_CPUS)
1480 pr_cont("%0*d ",
1481 cpu_width, gi->cpu_map[unit]);
1482 else
1483 pr_cont("%s ", empty_str);
1484 }
1485 }
1486 pr_cont("\n");
1487}
1488
1489/**
1490 * pcpu_setup_first_chunk - initialize the first percpu chunk
1491 * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info describing how to percpu area is shaped
1492 * @base_addr: mapped address
1493 *
1494 * Initialize the first percpu chunk which contains the kernel static
1495 * perpcu area. This function is to be called from arch percpu area
1496 * setup path.
1497 *
1498 * @ai contains all information necessary to initialize the first
1499 * chunk and prime the dynamic percpu allocator.
1500 *
1501 * @ai->static_size is the size of static percpu area.
1502 *
1503 * @ai->reserved_size, if non-zero, specifies the amount of bytes to
1504 * reserve after the static area in the first chunk. This reserves
1505 * the first chunk such that it's available only through reserved
1506 * percpu allocation. This is primarily used to serve module percpu
1507 * static areas on architectures where the addressing model has
1508 * limited offset range for symbol relocations to guarantee module
1509 * percpu symbols fall inside the relocatable range.
1510 *
1511 * @ai->dyn_size determines the number of bytes available for dynamic
1512 * allocation in the first chunk. The area between @ai->static_size +
1513 * @ai->reserved_size + @ai->dyn_size and @ai->unit_size is unused.
1514 *
1515 * @ai->unit_size specifies unit size and must be aligned to PAGE_SIZE
1516 * and equal to or larger than @ai->static_size + @ai->reserved_size +
1517 * @ai->dyn_size.
1518 *
1519 * @ai->atom_size is the allocation atom size and used as alignment
1520 * for vm areas.
1521 *
1522 * @ai->alloc_size is the allocation size and always multiple of
1523 * @ai->atom_size. This is larger than @ai->atom_size if
1524 * @ai->unit_size is larger than @ai->atom_size.
1525 *
1526 * @ai->nr_groups and @ai->groups describe virtual memory layout of
1527 * percpu areas. Units which should be colocated are put into the
1528 * same group. Dynamic VM areas will be allocated according to these
1529 * groupings. If @ai->nr_groups is zero, a single group containing
1530 * all units is assumed.
1531 *
1532 * The caller should have mapped the first chunk at @base_addr and
1533 * copied static data to each unit.
1534 *
1535 * If the first chunk ends up with both reserved and dynamic areas, it
1536 * is served by two chunks - one to serve the core static and reserved
1537 * areas and the other for the dynamic area. They share the same vm
1538 * and page map but uses different area allocation map to stay away
1539 * from each other. The latter chunk is circulated in the chunk slots
1540 * and available for dynamic allocation like any other chunks.
1541 *
1542 * RETURNS:
1543 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
1544 */
1545int __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai,
1546 void *base_addr)
1547{
1548 static int smap[PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SLOTS] __initdata;
1549 static int dmap[PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SLOTS] __initdata;
1550 size_t dyn_size = ai->dyn_size;
1551 size_t size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + dyn_size;
1552 struct pcpu_chunk *schunk, *dchunk = NULL;
1553 unsigned long *group_offsets;
1554 size_t *group_sizes;
1555 unsigned long *unit_off;
1556 unsigned int cpu;
1557 int *unit_map;
1558 int group, unit, i;
1559
1560#define PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(cond) do { \
1561 if (unlikely(cond)) { \
1562 pr_emerg("failed to initialize, %s\n", #cond); \
1563 pr_emerg("cpu_possible_mask=%*pb\n", \
1564 cpumask_pr_args(cpu_possible_mask)); \
1565 pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_EMERG, ai); \
1566 BUG(); \
1567 } \
1568} while (0)
1569
1570 /* sanity checks */
1571 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups <= 0);
1572#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1573 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!ai->static_size);
1574 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(offset_in_page(__per_cpu_start));
1575#endif
1576 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!base_addr);
1577 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(offset_in_page(base_addr));
1578 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < size_sum);
1579 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(offset_in_page(ai->unit_size));
1580 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
1581 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(ai->dyn_size < PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SIZE);
1582 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(pcpu_verify_alloc_info(ai) < 0);
1583
1584 /* process group information and build config tables accordingly */
1585 group_offsets = memblock_virt_alloc(ai->nr_groups *
1586 sizeof(group_offsets[0]), 0);
1587 group_sizes = memblock_virt_alloc(ai->nr_groups *
1588 sizeof(group_sizes[0]), 0);
1589 unit_map = memblock_virt_alloc(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_map[0]), 0);
1590 unit_off = memblock_virt_alloc(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_off[0]), 0);
1591
1592 for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpu_ids; cpu++)
1593 unit_map[cpu] = UINT_MAX;
1594
1595 pcpu_low_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS;
1596 pcpu_high_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS;
1597
1598 for (group = 0, unit = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++, unit += i) {
1599 const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
1600
1601 group_offsets[group] = gi->base_offset;
1602 group_sizes[group] = gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size;
1603
1604 for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++) {
1605 cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
1606 if (cpu == NR_CPUS)
1607 continue;
1608
1609 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(cpu >= nr_cpu_ids);
1610 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(!cpu_possible(cpu));
1611 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] != UINT_MAX);
1612
1613 unit_map[cpu] = unit + i;
1614 unit_off[cpu] = gi->base_offset + i * ai->unit_size;
1615
1616 /* determine low/high unit_cpu */
1617 if (pcpu_low_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS ||
1618 unit_off[cpu] < unit_off[pcpu_low_unit_cpu])
1619 pcpu_low_unit_cpu = cpu;
1620 if (pcpu_high_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS ||
1621 unit_off[cpu] > unit_off[pcpu_high_unit_cpu])
1622 pcpu_high_unit_cpu = cpu;
1623 }
1624 }
1625 pcpu_nr_units = unit;
1626
1627 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1628 PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] == UINT_MAX);
1629
1630 /* we're done parsing the input, undefine BUG macro and dump config */
1631#undef PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON
1632 pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_DEBUG, ai);
1633
1634 pcpu_nr_groups = ai->nr_groups;
1635 pcpu_group_offsets = group_offsets;
1636 pcpu_group_sizes = group_sizes;
1637 pcpu_unit_map = unit_map;
1638 pcpu_unit_offsets = unit_off;
1639
1640 /* determine basic parameters */
1641 pcpu_unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
1642 pcpu_unit_size = pcpu_unit_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
1643 pcpu_atom_size = ai->atom_size;
1644 pcpu_chunk_struct_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk) +
1645 BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) * sizeof(unsigned long);
1646
1647 /*
1648 * Allocate chunk slots. The additional last slot is for
1649 * empty chunks.
1650 */
1651 pcpu_nr_slots = __pcpu_size_to_slot(pcpu_unit_size) + 2;
1652 pcpu_slot = memblock_virt_alloc(
1653 pcpu_nr_slots * sizeof(pcpu_slot[0]), 0);
1654 for (i = 0; i < pcpu_nr_slots; i++)
1655 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcpu_slot[i]);
1656
1657 /*
1658 * Initialize static chunk. If reserved_size is zero, the
1659 * static chunk covers static area + dynamic allocation area
1660 * in the first chunk. If reserved_size is not zero, it
1661 * covers static area + reserved area (mostly used for module
1662 * static percpu allocation).
1663 */
1664 schunk = memblock_virt_alloc(pcpu_chunk_struct_size, 0);
1665 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&schunk->list);
1666 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&schunk->map_extend_list);
1667 schunk->base_addr = base_addr;
1668 schunk->map = smap;
1669 schunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(smap);
1670 schunk->immutable = true;
1671 bitmap_fill(schunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages);
1672 schunk->nr_populated = pcpu_unit_pages;
1673
1674 if (ai->reserved_size) {
1675 schunk->free_size = ai->reserved_size;
1676 pcpu_reserved_chunk = schunk;
1677 pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size;
1678 } else {
1679 schunk->free_size = dyn_size;
1680 dyn_size = 0; /* dynamic area covered */
1681 }
1682 schunk->contig_hint = schunk->free_size;
1683
1684 schunk->map[0] = 1;
1685 schunk->map[1] = ai->static_size;
1686 schunk->map_used = 1;
1687 if (schunk->free_size)
1688 schunk->map[++schunk->map_used] = ai->static_size + schunk->free_size;
1689 schunk->map[schunk->map_used] |= 1;
1690
1691 /* init dynamic chunk if necessary */
1692 if (dyn_size) {
1693 dchunk = memblock_virt_alloc(pcpu_chunk_struct_size, 0);
1694 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dchunk->list);
1695 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dchunk->map_extend_list);
1696 dchunk->base_addr = base_addr;
1697 dchunk->map = dmap;
1698 dchunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(dmap);
1699 dchunk->immutable = true;
1700 bitmap_fill(dchunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages);
1701 dchunk->nr_populated = pcpu_unit_pages;
1702
1703 dchunk->contig_hint = dchunk->free_size = dyn_size;
1704 dchunk->map[0] = 1;
1705 dchunk->map[1] = pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit;
1706 dchunk->map[2] = (pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit + dchunk->free_size) | 1;
1707 dchunk->map_used = 2;
1708 }
1709
1710 /* link the first chunk in */
1711 pcpu_first_chunk = dchunk ?: schunk;
1712 pcpu_nr_empty_pop_pages +=
1713 pcpu_count_occupied_pages(pcpu_first_chunk, 1);
1714 pcpu_chunk_relocate(pcpu_first_chunk, -1);
1715
1716 /* we're done */
1717 pcpu_base_addr = base_addr;
1718 return 0;
1719}
1720
1721#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
1722
1723const char * const pcpu_fc_names[PCPU_FC_NR] __initconst = {
1724 [PCPU_FC_AUTO] = "auto",
1725 [PCPU_FC_EMBED] = "embed",
1726 [PCPU_FC_PAGE] = "page",
1727};
1728
1729enum pcpu_fc pcpu_chosen_fc __initdata = PCPU_FC_AUTO;
1730
1731static int __init percpu_alloc_setup(char *str)
1732{
1733 if (!str)
1734 return -EINVAL;
1735
1736 if (0)
1737 /* nada */;
1738#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
1739 else if (!strcmp(str, "embed"))
1740 pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_EMBED;
1741#endif
1742#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
1743 else if (!strcmp(str, "page"))
1744 pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
1745#endif
1746 else
1747 pr_warn("unknown allocator %s specified\n", str);
1748
1749 return 0;
1750}
1751early_param("percpu_alloc", percpu_alloc_setup);
1752
1753/*
1754 * pcpu_embed_first_chunk() is used by the generic percpu setup.
1755 * Build it if needed by the arch config or the generic setup is going
1756 * to be used.
1757 */
1758#if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || \
1759 !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA)
1760#define BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
1761#endif
1762
1763/* build pcpu_page_first_chunk() iff needed by the arch config */
1764#if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK)
1765#define BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
1766#endif
1767
1768/* pcpu_build_alloc_info() is used by both embed and page first chunk */
1769#if defined(BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || defined(BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK)
1770/**
1771 * pcpu_build_alloc_info - build alloc_info considering distances between CPUs
1772 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
1773 * @dyn_size: minimum free size for dynamic allocation in bytes
1774 * @atom_size: allocation atom size
1775 * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
1776 *
1777 * This function determines grouping of units, their mappings to cpus
1778 * and other parameters considering needed percpu size, allocation
1779 * atom size and distances between CPUs.
1780 *
1781 * Groups are always multiples of atom size and CPUs which are of
1782 * LOCAL_DISTANCE both ways are grouped together and share space for
1783 * units in the same group. The returned configuration is guaranteed
1784 * to have CPUs on different nodes on different groups and >=75% usage
1785 * of allocated virtual address space.
1786 *
1787 * RETURNS:
1788 * On success, pointer to the new allocation_info is returned. On
1789 * failure, ERR_PTR value is returned.
1790 */
1791static struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_build_alloc_info(
1792 size_t reserved_size, size_t dyn_size,
1793 size_t atom_size,
1794 pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn)
1795{
1796 static int group_map[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
1797 static int group_cnt[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
1798 const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
1799 int nr_groups = 1, nr_units = 0;
1800 size_t size_sum, min_unit_size, alloc_size;
1801 int upa, max_upa, uninitialized_var(best_upa); /* units_per_alloc */
1802 int last_allocs, group, unit;
1803 unsigned int cpu, tcpu;
1804 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
1805 unsigned int *cpu_map;
1806
1807 /* this function may be called multiple times */
1808 memset(group_map, 0, sizeof(group_map));
1809 memset(group_cnt, 0, sizeof(group_cnt));
1810
1811 /* calculate size_sum and ensure dyn_size is enough for early alloc */
1812 size_sum = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + reserved_size +
1813 max_t(size_t, dyn_size, PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SIZE));
1814 dyn_size = size_sum - static_size - reserved_size;
1815
1816 /*
1817 * Determine min_unit_size, alloc_size and max_upa such that
1818 * alloc_size is multiple of atom_size and is the smallest
1819 * which can accommodate 4k aligned segments which are equal to
1820 * or larger than min_unit_size.
1821 */
1822 min_unit_size = max_t(size_t, size_sum, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
1823
1824 alloc_size = roundup(min_unit_size, atom_size);
1825 upa = alloc_size / min_unit_size;
1826 while (alloc_size % upa || (offset_in_page(alloc_size / upa)))
1827 upa--;
1828 max_upa = upa;
1829
1830 /* group cpus according to their proximity */
1831 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1832 group = 0;
1833 next_group:
1834 for_each_possible_cpu(tcpu) {
1835 if (cpu == tcpu)
1836 break;
1837 if (group_map[tcpu] == group && cpu_distance_fn &&
1838 (cpu_distance_fn(cpu, tcpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE ||
1839 cpu_distance_fn(tcpu, cpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE)) {
1840 group++;
1841 nr_groups = max(nr_groups, group + 1);
1842 goto next_group;
1843 }
1844 }
1845 group_map[cpu] = group;
1846 group_cnt[group]++;
1847 }
1848
1849 /*
1850 * Expand unit size until address space usage goes over 75%
1851 * and then as much as possible without using more address
1852 * space.
1853 */
1854 last_allocs = INT_MAX;
1855 for (upa = max_upa; upa; upa--) {
1856 int allocs = 0, wasted = 0;
1857
1858 if (alloc_size % upa || (offset_in_page(alloc_size / upa)))
1859 continue;
1860
1861 for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
1862 int this_allocs = DIV_ROUND_UP(group_cnt[group], upa);
1863 allocs += this_allocs;
1864 wasted += this_allocs * upa - group_cnt[group];
1865 }
1866
1867 /*
1868 * Don't accept if wastage is over 1/3. The
1869 * greater-than comparison ensures upa==1 always
1870 * passes the following check.
1871 */
1872 if (wasted > num_possible_cpus() / 3)
1873 continue;
1874
1875 /* and then don't consume more memory */
1876 if (allocs > last_allocs)
1877 break;
1878 last_allocs = allocs;
1879 best_upa = upa;
1880 }
1881 upa = best_upa;
1882
1883 /* allocate and fill alloc_info */
1884 for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++)
1885 nr_units += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);
1886
1887 ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(nr_groups, nr_units);
1888 if (!ai)
1889 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1890 cpu_map = ai->groups[0].cpu_map;
1891
1892 for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
1893 ai->groups[group].cpu_map = cpu_map;
1894 cpu_map += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);
1895 }
1896
1897 ai->static_size = static_size;
1898 ai->reserved_size = reserved_size;
1899 ai->dyn_size = dyn_size;
1900 ai->unit_size = alloc_size / upa;
1901 ai->atom_size = atom_size;
1902 ai->alloc_size = alloc_size;
1903
1904 for (group = 0, unit = 0; group_cnt[group]; group++) {
1905 struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
1906
1907 /*
1908 * Initialize base_offset as if all groups are located
1909 * back-to-back. The caller should update this to
1910 * reflect actual allocation.
1911 */
1912 gi->base_offset = unit * ai->unit_size;
1913
1914 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
1915 if (group_map[cpu] == group)
1916 gi->cpu_map[gi->nr_units++] = cpu;
1917 gi->nr_units = roundup(gi->nr_units, upa);
1918 unit += gi->nr_units;
1919 }
1920 BUG_ON(unit != nr_units);
1921
1922 return ai;
1923}
1924#endif /* BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK || BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */
1925
1926#if defined(BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK)
1927/**
1928 * pcpu_embed_first_chunk - embed the first percpu chunk into bootmem
1929 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
1930 * @dyn_size: minimum free size for dynamic allocation in bytes
1931 * @atom_size: allocation atom size
1932 * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
1933 * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page
1934 * @free_fn: function to free percpu page
1935 *
1936 * This is a helper to ease setting up embedded first percpu chunk and
1937 * can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
1938 *
1939 * If this function is used to setup the first chunk, it is allocated
1940 * by calling @alloc_fn and used as-is without being mapped into
1941 * vmalloc area. Allocations are always whole multiples of @atom_size
1942 * aligned to @atom_size.
1943 *
1944 * This enables the first chunk to piggy back on the linear physical
1945 * mapping which often uses larger page size. Please note that this
1946 * can result in very sparse cpu->unit mapping on NUMA machines thus
1947 * requiring large vmalloc address space. Don't use this allocator if
1948 * vmalloc space is not orders of magnitude larger than distances
1949 * between node memory addresses (ie. 32bit NUMA machines).
1950 *
1951 * @dyn_size specifies the minimum dynamic area size.
1952 *
1953 * If the needed size is smaller than the minimum or specified unit
1954 * size, the leftover is returned using @free_fn.
1955 *
1956 * RETURNS:
1957 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
1958 */
1959int __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size, size_t dyn_size,
1960 size_t atom_size,
1961 pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn,
1962 pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
1963 pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn)
1964{
1965 void *base = (void *)ULONG_MAX;
1966 void **areas = NULL;
1967 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
1968 size_t size_sum, areas_size;
1969 unsigned long max_distance;
1970 int group, i, highest_group, rc;
1971
1972 ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, dyn_size, atom_size,
1973 cpu_distance_fn);
1974 if (IS_ERR(ai))
1975 return PTR_ERR(ai);
1976
1977 size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + ai->dyn_size;
1978 areas_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(void *));
1979
1980 areas = memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(areas_size, 0);
1981 if (!areas) {
1982 rc = -ENOMEM;
1983 goto out_free;
1984 }
1985
1986 /* allocate, copy and determine base address & max_distance */
1987 highest_group = 0;
1988 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
1989 struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
1990 unsigned int cpu = NR_CPUS;
1991 void *ptr;
1992
1993 for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units && cpu == NR_CPUS; i++)
1994 cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
1995 BUG_ON(cpu == NR_CPUS);
1996
1997 /* allocate space for the whole group */
1998 ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size, atom_size);
1999 if (!ptr) {
2000 rc = -ENOMEM;
2001 goto out_free_areas;
2002 }
2003 /* kmemleak tracks the percpu allocations separately */
2004 kmemleak_free(ptr);
2005 areas[group] = ptr;
2006
2007 base = min(ptr, base);
2008 if (ptr > areas[highest_group])
2009 highest_group = group;
2010 }
2011 max_distance = areas[highest_group] - base;
2012 max_distance += ai->unit_size * ai->groups[highest_group].nr_units;
2013
2014 /* warn if maximum distance is further than 75% of vmalloc space */
2015 if (max_distance > VMALLOC_TOTAL * 3 / 4) {
2016 pr_warn("max_distance=0x%lx too large for vmalloc space 0x%lx\n",
2017 max_distance, VMALLOC_TOTAL);
2018#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
2019 /* and fail if we have fallback */
2020 rc = -EINVAL;
2021 goto out_free_areas;
2022#endif
2023 }
2024
2025 /*
2026 * Copy data and free unused parts. This should happen after all
2027 * allocations are complete; otherwise, we may end up with
2028 * overlapping groups.
2029 */
2030 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
2031 struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
2032 void *ptr = areas[group];
2033
2034 for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++, ptr += ai->unit_size) {
2035 if (gi->cpu_map[i] == NR_CPUS) {
2036 /* unused unit, free whole */
2037 free_fn(ptr, ai->unit_size);
2038 continue;
2039 }
2040 /* copy and return the unused part */
2041 memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
2042 free_fn(ptr + size_sum, ai->unit_size - size_sum);
2043 }
2044 }
2045
2046 /* base address is now known, determine group base offsets */
2047 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
2048 ai->groups[group].base_offset = areas[group] - base;
2049 }
2050
2051 pr_info("Embedded %zu pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu\n",
2052 PFN_DOWN(size_sum), base, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size,
2053 ai->dyn_size, ai->unit_size);
2054
2055 rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, base);
2056 goto out_free;
2057
2058out_free_areas:
2059 for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++)
2060 if (areas[group])
2061 free_fn(areas[group],
2062 ai->groups[group].nr_units * ai->unit_size);
2063out_free:
2064 pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
2065 if (areas)
2066 memblock_free_early(__pa(areas), areas_size);
2067 return rc;
2068}
2069#endif /* BUILD_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK */
2070
2071#ifdef BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
2072/**
2073 * pcpu_page_first_chunk - map the first chunk using PAGE_SIZE pages
2074 * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
2075 * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
2076 * @free_fn: function to free percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
2077 * @populate_pte_fn: function to populate pte
2078 *
2079 * This is a helper to ease setting up page-remapped first percpu
2080 * chunk and can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
2081 *
2082 * This is the basic allocator. Static percpu area is allocated
2083 * page-by-page into vmalloc area.
2084 *
2085 * RETURNS:
2086 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
2087 */
2088int __init pcpu_page_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size,
2089 pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
2090 pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn,
2091 pcpu_fc_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn)
2092{
2093 static struct vm_struct vm;
2094 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
2095 char psize_str[16];
2096 int unit_pages;
2097 size_t pages_size;
2098 struct page **pages;
2099 int unit, i, j, rc;
2100 int upa;
2101 int nr_g0_units;
2102
2103 snprintf(psize_str, sizeof(psize_str), "%luK", PAGE_SIZE >> 10);
2104
2105 ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, 0, PAGE_SIZE, NULL);
2106 if (IS_ERR(ai))
2107 return PTR_ERR(ai);
2108 BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups != 1);
2109 upa = ai->alloc_size/ai->unit_size;
2110 nr_g0_units = roundup(num_possible_cpus(), upa);
2111 if (unlikely(WARN_ON(ai->groups[0].nr_units != nr_g0_units))) {
2112 pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
2113 return -EINVAL;
2114 }
2115
2116 unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
2117
2118 /* unaligned allocations can't be freed, round up to page size */
2119 pages_size = PFN_ALIGN(unit_pages * num_possible_cpus() *
2120 sizeof(pages[0]));
2121 pages = memblock_virt_alloc(pages_size, 0);
2122
2123 /* allocate pages */
2124 j = 0;
2125 for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) {
2126 unsigned int cpu = ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit];
2127 for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++) {
2128 void *ptr;
2129
2130 ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
2131 if (!ptr) {
2132 pr_warn("failed to allocate %s page for cpu%u\n",
2133 psize_str, cpu);
2134 goto enomem;
2135 }
2136 /* kmemleak tracks the percpu allocations separately */
2137 kmemleak_free(ptr);
2138 pages[j++] = virt_to_page(ptr);
2139 }
2140 }
2141
2142 /* allocate vm area, map the pages and copy static data */
2143 vm.flags = VM_ALLOC;
2144 vm.size = num_possible_cpus() * ai->unit_size;
2145 vm_area_register_early(&vm, PAGE_SIZE);
2146
2147 for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) {
2148 unsigned long unit_addr =
2149 (unsigned long)vm.addr + unit * ai->unit_size;
2150
2151 for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++)
2152 populate_pte_fn(unit_addr + (i << PAGE_SHIFT));
2153
2154 /* pte already populated, the following shouldn't fail */
2155 rc = __pcpu_map_pages(unit_addr, &pages[unit * unit_pages],
2156 unit_pages);
2157 if (rc < 0)
2158 panic("failed to map percpu area, err=%d\n", rc);
2159
2160 /*
2161 * FIXME: Archs with virtual cache should flush local
2162 * cache for the linear mapping here - something
2163 * equivalent to flush_cache_vmap() on the local cpu.
2164 * flush_cache_vmap() can't be used as most supporting
2165 * data structures are not set up yet.
2166 */
2167
2168 /* copy static data */
2169 memcpy((void *)unit_addr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
2170 }
2171
2172 /* we're ready, commit */
2173 pr_info("%d %s pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu\n",
2174 unit_pages, psize_str, vm.addr, ai->static_size,
2175 ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size);
2176
2177 rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, vm.addr);
2178 goto out_free_ar;
2179
2180enomem:
2181 while (--j >= 0)
2182 free_fn(page_address(pages[j]), PAGE_SIZE);
2183 rc = -ENOMEM;
2184out_free_ar:
2185 memblock_free_early(__pa(pages), pages_size);
2186 pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
2187 return rc;
2188}
2189#endif /* BUILD_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */
2190
2191#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
2192/*
2193 * Generic SMP percpu area setup.
2194 *
2195 * The embedding helper is used because its behavior closely resembles
2196 * the original non-dynamic generic percpu area setup. This is
2197 * important because many archs have addressing restrictions and might
2198 * fail if the percpu area is located far away from the previous
2199 * location. As an added bonus, in non-NUMA cases, embedding is
2200 * generally a good idea TLB-wise because percpu area can piggy back
2201 * on the physical linear memory mapping which uses large page
2202 * mappings on applicable archs.
2203 */
2204unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
2205EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
2206
2207static void * __init pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc(unsigned int cpu, size_t size,
2208 size_t align)
2209{
2210 return memblock_virt_alloc_from_nopanic(
2211 size, align, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
2212}
2213
2214static void __init pcpu_dfl_fc_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
2215{
2216 memblock_free_early(__pa(ptr), size);
2217}
2218
2219void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
2220{
2221 unsigned long delta;
2222 unsigned int cpu;
2223 int rc;
2224
2225 /*
2226 * Always reserve area for module percpu variables. That's
2227 * what the legacy allocator did.
2228 */
2229 rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE,
2230 PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE, PAGE_SIZE, NULL,
2231 pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc, pcpu_dfl_fc_free);
2232 if (rc < 0)
2233 panic("Failed to initialize percpu areas.");
2234
2235 delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
2236 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
2237 __per_cpu_offset[cpu] = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
2238}
2239#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */
2240
2241#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
2242
2243/*
2244 * UP percpu area setup.
2245 *
2246 * UP always uses km-based percpu allocator with identity mapping.
2247 * Static percpu variables are indistinguishable from the usual static
2248 * variables and don't require any special preparation.
2249 */
2250void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
2251{
2252 const size_t unit_size =
2253 roundup_pow_of_two(max_t(size_t, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE,
2254 PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE));
2255 struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
2256 void *fc;
2257
2258 ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(1, 1);
2259 fc = memblock_virt_alloc_from_nopanic(unit_size,
2260 PAGE_SIZE,
2261 __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
2262 if (!ai || !fc)
2263 panic("Failed to allocate memory for percpu areas.");
2264 /* kmemleak tracks the percpu allocations separately */
2265 kmemleak_free(fc);
2266
2267 ai->dyn_size = unit_size;
2268 ai->unit_size = unit_size;
2269 ai->atom_size = unit_size;
2270 ai->alloc_size = unit_size;
2271 ai->groups[0].nr_units = 1;
2272 ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0] = 0;
2273
2274 if (pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, fc) < 0)
2275 panic("Failed to initialize percpu areas.");
2276}
2277
2278#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
2279
2280/*
2281 * First and reserved chunks are initialized with temporary allocation
2282 * map in initdata so that they can be used before slab is online.
2283 * This function is called after slab is brought up and replaces those
2284 * with properly allocated maps.
2285 */
2286void __init percpu_init_late(void)
2287{
2288 struct pcpu_chunk *target_chunks[] =
2289 { pcpu_first_chunk, pcpu_reserved_chunk, NULL };
2290 struct pcpu_chunk *chunk;
2291 unsigned long flags;
2292 int i;
2293
2294 for (i = 0; (chunk = target_chunks[i]); i++) {
2295 int *map;
2296 const size_t size = PERCPU_DYNAMIC_EARLY_SLOTS * sizeof(map[0]);
2297
2298 BUILD_BUG_ON(size > PAGE_SIZE);
2299
2300 map = pcpu_mem_zalloc(size);
2301 BUG_ON(!map);
2302
2303 spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
2304 memcpy(map, chunk->map, size);
2305 chunk->map = map;
2306 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pcpu_lock, flags);
2307 }
2308}
2309
2310/*
2311 * Percpu allocator is initialized early during boot when neither slab or
2312 * workqueue is available. Plug async management until everything is up
2313 * and running.
2314 */
2315static int __init percpu_enable_async(void)
2316{
2317 pcpu_async_enabled = true;
2318 return 0;
2319}
2320subsys_initcall(percpu_enable_async);