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  1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
  2/*
  3 * Read-Copy Update module-based performance-test facility
  4 *
  5 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2015
  6 *
  7 * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
  8 */
  9
 10#define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
 11
 12#include <linux/types.h>
 13#include <linux/kernel.h>
 14#include <linux/init.h>
 15#include <linux/module.h>
 16#include <linux/kthread.h>
 17#include <linux/err.h>
 18#include <linux/spinlock.h>
 19#include <linux/smp.h>
 20#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 21#include <linux/interrupt.h>
 22#include <linux/sched.h>
 23#include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
 24#include <linux/atomic.h>
 25#include <linux/bitops.h>
 26#include <linux/completion.h>
 27#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 28#include <linux/percpu.h>
 29#include <linux/notifier.h>
 30#include <linux/reboot.h>
 31#include <linux/freezer.h>
 32#include <linux/cpu.h>
 33#include <linux/delay.h>
 34#include <linux/stat.h>
 35#include <linux/srcu.h>
 36#include <linux/slab.h>
 37#include <asm/byteorder.h>
 38#include <linux/torture.h>
 39#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 40
 41#include "rcu.h"
 42
 43MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 44MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>");
 45
 46#define PERF_FLAG "-perf:"
 47#define PERFOUT_STRING(s) \
 48	pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG " %s\n", perf_type, s)
 49#define VERBOSE_PERFOUT_STRING(s) \
 50	do { if (verbose) pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG " %s\n", perf_type, s); } while (0)
 51#define VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING(s) \
 52	do { if (verbose) pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG "!!! %s\n", perf_type, s); } while (0)
 53
 54/*
 55 * The intended use cases for the nreaders and nwriters module parameters
 56 * are as follows:
 57 *
 58 * 1.	Specify only the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter.  This will
 59 *	set both nreaders and nwriters to the value specified by
 60 *	nr_cpus for a mixed reader/writer test.
 61 *
 62 * 2.	Specify the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter, but set
 63 *	rcuperf.nreaders to zero.  This will set nwriters to the
 64 *	value specified by nr_cpus for an update-only test.
 65 *
 66 * 3.	Specify the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter, but set
 67 *	rcuperf.nwriters to zero.  This will set nreaders to the
 68 *	value specified by nr_cpus for a read-only test.
 69 *
 70 * Various other use cases may of course be specified.
 71 */
 72
 73#ifdef MODULE
 74# define RCUPERF_SHUTDOWN 0
 75#else
 76# define RCUPERF_SHUTDOWN 1
 77#endif
 78
 79torture_param(bool, gp_async, false, "Use asynchronous GP wait primitives");
 80torture_param(int, gp_async_max, 1000, "Max # outstanding waits per reader");
 81torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
 82torture_param(int, holdoff, 10, "Holdoff time before test start (s)");
 83torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
 84torture_param(int, nwriters, -1, "Number of RCU updater threads");
 85torture_param(bool, shutdown, RCUPERF_SHUTDOWN,
 86	      "Shutdown at end of performance tests.");
 87torture_param(int, verbose, 1, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
 88torture_param(int, writer_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff (us) between GPs, zero to disable");
 89
 90static char *perf_type = "rcu";
 91module_param(perf_type, charp, 0444);
 92MODULE_PARM_DESC(perf_type, "Type of RCU to performance-test (rcu, srcu, ...)");
 93
 94static int nrealreaders;
 95static int nrealwriters;
 96static struct task_struct **writer_tasks;
 97static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
 98static struct task_struct *shutdown_task;
 99
100static u64 **writer_durations;
101static int *writer_n_durations;
102static atomic_t n_rcu_perf_reader_started;
103static atomic_t n_rcu_perf_writer_started;
104static atomic_t n_rcu_perf_writer_finished;
105static wait_queue_head_t shutdown_wq;
106static u64 t_rcu_perf_writer_started;
107static u64 t_rcu_perf_writer_finished;
108static unsigned long b_rcu_perf_writer_started;
109static unsigned long b_rcu_perf_writer_finished;
110static DEFINE_PER_CPU(atomic_t, n_async_inflight);
111
112static int rcu_perf_writer_state;
113#define RTWS_INIT		0
114#define RTWS_ASYNC		1
115#define RTWS_BARRIER		2
116#define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		3
117#define RTWS_SYNC		4
118#define RTWS_IDLE		5
119#define RTWS_STOPPING		6
120
121#define MAX_MEAS 10000
122#define MIN_MEAS 100
123
124/*
125 * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
126 */
127
128struct rcu_perf_ops {
129	int ptype;
130	void (*init)(void);
131	void (*cleanup)(void);
132	int (*readlock)(void);
133	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
134	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
135	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
136	unsigned long (*exp_completed)(void);
137	void (*async)(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func);
138	void (*gp_barrier)(void);
139	void (*sync)(void);
140	void (*exp_sync)(void);
141	const char *name;
142};
143
144static struct rcu_perf_ops *cur_ops;
145
146/*
147 * Definitions for rcu perf testing.
148 */
149
150static int rcu_perf_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
151{
152	rcu_read_lock();
153	return 0;
154}
155
156static void rcu_perf_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
157{
158	rcu_read_unlock();
159}
160
161static unsigned long __maybe_unused rcu_no_completed(void)
162{
163	return 0;
164}
165
166static void rcu_sync_perf_init(void)
167{
168}
169
170static struct rcu_perf_ops rcu_ops = {
171	.ptype		= RCU_FLAVOR,
172	.init		= rcu_sync_perf_init,
173	.readlock	= rcu_perf_read_lock,
174	.readunlock	= rcu_perf_read_unlock,
175	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_get_gp_seq,
176	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
177	.exp_completed	= rcu_exp_batches_completed,
178	.async		= call_rcu,
179	.gp_barrier	= rcu_barrier,
180	.sync		= synchronize_rcu,
181	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
182	.name		= "rcu"
183};
184
185/*
186 * Definitions for srcu perf testing.
187 */
188
189DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl_perf);
190static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl_perf;
191
192static int srcu_perf_read_lock(void) __acquires(srcu_ctlp)
193{
194	return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
195}
196
197static void srcu_perf_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(srcu_ctlp)
198{
199	srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
200}
201
202static unsigned long srcu_perf_completed(void)
203{
204	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
205}
206
207static void srcu_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
208{
209	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
210}
211
212static void srcu_rcu_barrier(void)
213{
214	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
215}
216
217static void srcu_perf_synchronize(void)
218{
219	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
220}
221
222static void srcu_perf_synchronize_expedited(void)
223{
224	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
225}
226
227static struct rcu_perf_ops srcu_ops = {
228	.ptype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
229	.init		= rcu_sync_perf_init,
230	.readlock	= srcu_perf_read_lock,
231	.readunlock	= srcu_perf_read_unlock,
232	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_perf_completed,
233	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
234	.exp_completed	= srcu_perf_completed,
235	.async		= srcu_call_rcu,
236	.gp_barrier	= srcu_rcu_barrier,
237	.sync		= srcu_perf_synchronize,
238	.exp_sync	= srcu_perf_synchronize_expedited,
239	.name		= "srcu"
240};
241
242static struct srcu_struct srcud;
243
244static void srcu_sync_perf_init(void)
245{
246	srcu_ctlp = &srcud;
247	init_srcu_struct(srcu_ctlp);
248}
249
250static void srcu_sync_perf_cleanup(void)
251{
252	cleanup_srcu_struct(srcu_ctlp);
253}
254
255static struct rcu_perf_ops srcud_ops = {
256	.ptype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
257	.init		= srcu_sync_perf_init,
258	.cleanup	= srcu_sync_perf_cleanup,
259	.readlock	= srcu_perf_read_lock,
260	.readunlock	= srcu_perf_read_unlock,
261	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_perf_completed,
262	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
263	.exp_completed	= srcu_perf_completed,
264	.async		= srcu_call_rcu,
265	.gp_barrier	= srcu_rcu_barrier,
266	.sync		= srcu_perf_synchronize,
267	.exp_sync	= srcu_perf_synchronize_expedited,
268	.name		= "srcud"
269};
270
271/*
272 * Definitions for RCU-tasks perf testing.
273 */
274
275static int tasks_perf_read_lock(void)
276{
277	return 0;
278}
279
280static void tasks_perf_read_unlock(int idx)
281{
282}
283
284static struct rcu_perf_ops tasks_ops = {
285	.ptype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
286	.init		= rcu_sync_perf_init,
287	.readlock	= tasks_perf_read_lock,
288	.readunlock	= tasks_perf_read_unlock,
289	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
290	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
291	.async		= call_rcu_tasks,
292	.gp_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
293	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
294	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
295	.name		= "tasks"
296};
297
298static unsigned long rcuperf_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
299{
300	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
301		return new - old;
302	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
303}
304
305/*
306 * If performance tests complete, wait for shutdown to commence.
307 */
308static void rcu_perf_wait_shutdown(void)
309{
310	cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
311	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_perf_writer_finished) < nrealwriters)
312		return;
313	while (!torture_must_stop())
314		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
315}
316
317/*
318 * RCU perf reader kthread.  Repeatedly does empty RCU read-side
319 * critical section, minimizing update-side interference.
320 */
321static int
322rcu_perf_reader(void *arg)
323{
324	unsigned long flags;
325	int idx;
326	long me = (long)arg;
327
328	VERBOSE_PERFOUT_STRING("rcu_perf_reader task started");
329	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(me % nr_cpu_ids));
330	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
331	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_perf_reader_started);
332
333	do {
334		local_irq_save(flags);
335		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
336		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
337		local_irq_restore(flags);
338		rcu_perf_wait_shutdown();
339	} while (!torture_must_stop());
340	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_perf_reader");
341	return 0;
342}
343
344/*
345 * Callback function for asynchronous grace periods from rcu_perf_writer().
346 */
347static void rcu_perf_async_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
348{
349	atomic_dec(this_cpu_ptr(&n_async_inflight));
350	kfree(rhp);
351}
352
353/*
354 * RCU perf writer kthread.  Repeatedly does a grace period.
355 */
356static int
357rcu_perf_writer(void *arg)
358{
359	int i = 0;
360	int i_max;
361	long me = (long)arg;
362	struct rcu_head *rhp = NULL;
363	struct sched_param sp;
364	bool started = false, done = false, alldone = false;
365	u64 t;
366	u64 *wdp;
367	u64 *wdpp = writer_durations[me];
368
369	VERBOSE_PERFOUT_STRING("rcu_perf_writer task started");
370	WARN_ON(!wdpp);
371	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(me % nr_cpu_ids));
372	sp.sched_priority = 1;
373	sched_setscheduler_nocheck(current, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
374
375	if (holdoff)
376		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(holdoff * HZ);
377
378	/*
379	 * Wait until rcu_end_inkernel_boot() is called for normal GP tests
380	 * so that RCU is not always expedited for normal GP tests.
381	 * The system_state test is approximate, but works well in practice.
382	 */
383	while (!gp_exp && system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING)
384		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
385
386	t = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
387	if (atomic_inc_return(&n_rcu_perf_writer_started) >= nrealwriters) {
388		t_rcu_perf_writer_started = t;
389		if (gp_exp) {
390			b_rcu_perf_writer_started =
391				cur_ops->exp_completed() / 2;
392		} else {
393			b_rcu_perf_writer_started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
394		}
395	}
396
397	do {
398		if (writer_holdoff)
399			udelay(writer_holdoff);
400		wdp = &wdpp[i];
401		*wdp = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
402		if (gp_async) {
403retry:
404			if (!rhp)
405				rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
406			if (rhp && atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&n_async_inflight)) < gp_async_max) {
407				rcu_perf_writer_state = RTWS_ASYNC;
408				atomic_inc(this_cpu_ptr(&n_async_inflight));
409				cur_ops->async(rhp, rcu_perf_async_cb);
410				rhp = NULL;
411			} else if (!kthread_should_stop()) {
412				rcu_perf_writer_state = RTWS_BARRIER;
413				cur_ops->gp_barrier();
414				goto retry;
415			} else {
416				kfree(rhp); /* Because we are stopping. */
417			}
418		} else if (gp_exp) {
419			rcu_perf_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
420			cur_ops->exp_sync();
421		} else {
422			rcu_perf_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
423			cur_ops->sync();
424		}
425		rcu_perf_writer_state = RTWS_IDLE;
426		t = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
427		*wdp = t - *wdp;
428		i_max = i;
429		if (!started &&
430		    atomic_read(&n_rcu_perf_writer_started) >= nrealwriters)
431			started = true;
432		if (!done && i >= MIN_MEAS) {
433			done = true;
434			sp.sched_priority = 0;
435			sched_setscheduler_nocheck(current,
436						   SCHED_NORMAL, &sp);
437			pr_alert("%s%s rcu_perf_writer %ld has %d measurements\n",
438				 perf_type, PERF_FLAG, me, MIN_MEAS);
439			if (atomic_inc_return(&n_rcu_perf_writer_finished) >=
440			    nrealwriters) {
441				schedule_timeout_interruptible(10);
442				rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
443				PERFOUT_STRING("Test complete");
444				t_rcu_perf_writer_finished = t;
445				if (gp_exp) {
446					b_rcu_perf_writer_finished =
447						cur_ops->exp_completed() / 2;
448				} else {
449					b_rcu_perf_writer_finished =
450						cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
451				}
452				if (shutdown) {
453					smp_mb(); /* Assign before wake. */
454					wake_up(&shutdown_wq);
455				}
456			}
457		}
458		if (done && !alldone &&
459		    atomic_read(&n_rcu_perf_writer_finished) >= nrealwriters)
460			alldone = true;
461		if (started && !alldone && i < MAX_MEAS - 1)
462			i++;
463		rcu_perf_wait_shutdown();
464	} while (!torture_must_stop());
465	if (gp_async) {
466		rcu_perf_writer_state = RTWS_BARRIER;
467		cur_ops->gp_barrier();
468	}
469	rcu_perf_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
470	writer_n_durations[me] = i_max;
471	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_perf_writer");
472	return 0;
473}
474
475static void
476rcu_perf_print_module_parms(struct rcu_perf_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
477{
478	pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG
479		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nwriters=%d verbose=%d shutdown=%d\n",
480		 perf_type, tag, nrealreaders, nrealwriters, verbose, shutdown);
481}
482
483static void
484rcu_perf_cleanup(void)
485{
486	int i;
487	int j;
488	int ngps = 0;
489	u64 *wdp;
490	u64 *wdpp;
491
492	/*
493	 * Would like warning at start, but everything is expedited
494	 * during the mid-boot phase, so have to wait till the end.
495	 */
496	if (rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal() && !gp_exp)
497		VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING("All grace periods expedited, no normal ones to measure!");
498	if (rcu_gp_is_normal() && gp_exp)
499		VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING("All grace periods normal, no expedited ones to measure!");
500	if (gp_exp && gp_async)
501		VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING("No expedited async GPs, so went with async!");
502
503	if (torture_cleanup_begin())
504		return;
505	if (!cur_ops) {
506		torture_cleanup_end();
507		return;
508	}
509
510	if (reader_tasks) {
511		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
512			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_perf_reader,
513					     reader_tasks[i]);
514		kfree(reader_tasks);
515	}
516
517	if (writer_tasks) {
518		for (i = 0; i < nrealwriters; i++) {
519			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_perf_writer,
520					     writer_tasks[i]);
521			if (!writer_n_durations)
522				continue;
523			j = writer_n_durations[i];
524			pr_alert("%s%s writer %d gps: %d\n",
525				 perf_type, PERF_FLAG, i, j);
526			ngps += j;
527		}
528		pr_alert("%s%s start: %llu end: %llu duration: %llu gps: %d batches: %ld\n",
529			 perf_type, PERF_FLAG,
530			 t_rcu_perf_writer_started, t_rcu_perf_writer_finished,
531			 t_rcu_perf_writer_finished -
532			 t_rcu_perf_writer_started,
533			 ngps,
534			 rcuperf_seq_diff(b_rcu_perf_writer_finished,
535					  b_rcu_perf_writer_started));
536		for (i = 0; i < nrealwriters; i++) {
537			if (!writer_durations)
538				break;
539			if (!writer_n_durations)
540				continue;
541			wdpp = writer_durations[i];
542			if (!wdpp)
543				continue;
544			for (j = 0; j <= writer_n_durations[i]; j++) {
545				wdp = &wdpp[j];
546				pr_alert("%s%s %4d writer-duration: %5d %llu\n",
547					perf_type, PERF_FLAG,
548					i, j, *wdp);
549				if (j % 100 == 0)
550					schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
551			}
552			kfree(writer_durations[i]);
553		}
554		kfree(writer_tasks);
555		kfree(writer_durations);
556		kfree(writer_n_durations);
557	}
558
559	/* Do torture-type-specific cleanup operations.  */
560	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
561		cur_ops->cleanup();
562
563	torture_cleanup_end();
564}
565
566/*
567 * Return the number if non-negative.  If -1, the number of CPUs.
568 * If less than -1, that much less than the number of CPUs, but
569 * at least one.
570 */
571static int compute_real(int n)
572{
573	int nr;
574
575	if (n >= 0) {
576		nr = n;
577	} else {
578		nr = num_online_cpus() + 1 + n;
579		if (nr <= 0)
580			nr = 1;
581	}
582	return nr;
583}
584
585/*
586 * RCU perf shutdown kthread.  Just waits to be awakened, then shuts
587 * down system.
588 */
589static int
590rcu_perf_shutdown(void *arg)
591{
592	do {
593		wait_event(shutdown_wq,
594			   atomic_read(&n_rcu_perf_writer_finished) >=
595			   nrealwriters);
596	} while (atomic_read(&n_rcu_perf_writer_finished) < nrealwriters);
597	smp_mb(); /* Wake before output. */
598	rcu_perf_cleanup();
599	kernel_power_off();
600	return -EINVAL;
601}
602
603static int __init
604rcu_perf_init(void)
605{
606	long i;
607	int firsterr = 0;
608	static struct rcu_perf_ops *perf_ops[] = {
609		&rcu_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, &tasks_ops,
610	};
611
612	if (!torture_init_begin(perf_type, verbose))
613		return -EBUSY;
614
615	/* Process args and tell the world that the perf'er is on the job. */
616	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(perf_ops); i++) {
617		cur_ops = perf_ops[i];
618		if (strcmp(perf_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
619			break;
620	}
621	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(perf_ops)) {
622		pr_alert("rcu-perf: invalid perf type: \"%s\"\n", perf_type);
623		pr_alert("rcu-perf types:");
624		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(perf_ops); i++)
625			pr_cont(" %s", perf_ops[i]->name);
626		pr_cont("\n");
627		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_PERF_TEST));
628		firsterr = -EINVAL;
629		cur_ops = NULL;
630		goto unwind;
631	}
632	if (cur_ops->init)
633		cur_ops->init();
634
635	nrealwriters = compute_real(nwriters);
636	nrealreaders = compute_real(nreaders);
637	atomic_set(&n_rcu_perf_reader_started, 0);
638	atomic_set(&n_rcu_perf_writer_started, 0);
639	atomic_set(&n_rcu_perf_writer_finished, 0);
640	rcu_perf_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
641
642	/* Start up the kthreads. */
643
644	if (shutdown) {
645		init_waitqueue_head(&shutdown_wq);
646		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_perf_shutdown, NULL,
647						  shutdown_task);
648		if (firsterr)
649			goto unwind;
650		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
651	}
652	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
653			       GFP_KERNEL);
654	if (reader_tasks == NULL) {
655		VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
656		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
657		goto unwind;
658	}
659	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
660		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_perf_reader, (void *)i,
661						  reader_tasks[i]);
662		if (firsterr)
663			goto unwind;
664	}
665	while (atomic_read(&n_rcu_perf_reader_started) < nrealreaders)
666		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
667	writer_tasks = kcalloc(nrealwriters, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
668			       GFP_KERNEL);
669	writer_durations = kcalloc(nrealwriters, sizeof(*writer_durations),
670				   GFP_KERNEL);
671	writer_n_durations =
672		kcalloc(nrealwriters, sizeof(*writer_n_durations),
673			GFP_KERNEL);
674	if (!writer_tasks || !writer_durations || !writer_n_durations) {
675		VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
676		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
677		goto unwind;
678	}
679	for (i = 0; i < nrealwriters; i++) {
680		writer_durations[i] =
681			kcalloc(MAX_MEAS, sizeof(*writer_durations[i]),
682				GFP_KERNEL);
683		if (!writer_durations[i]) {
684			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
685			goto unwind;
686		}
687		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_perf_writer, (void *)i,
688						  writer_tasks[i]);
689		if (firsterr)
690			goto unwind;
691	}
692	torture_init_end();
693	return 0;
694
695unwind:
696	torture_init_end();
697	rcu_perf_cleanup();
698	return firsterr;
699}
700
701module_init(rcu_perf_init);
702module_exit(rcu_perf_cleanup);