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1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2/*
3 * Copyright (C) 2015 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
4 */
5
6#include <stdio.h>
7#include <stdlib.h>
8
9#define unlikely(cond) (cond)
10#include <asm/insn.h>
11#include "../../../arch/x86/lib/inat.c"
12#include "../../../arch/x86/lib/insn.c"
13
14#include "../../elf.h"
15#include "../../arch.h"
16#include "../../warn.h"
17
18static unsigned char op_to_cfi_reg[][2] = {
19 {CFI_AX, CFI_R8},
20 {CFI_CX, CFI_R9},
21 {CFI_DX, CFI_R10},
22 {CFI_BX, CFI_R11},
23 {CFI_SP, CFI_R12},
24 {CFI_BP, CFI_R13},
25 {CFI_SI, CFI_R14},
26 {CFI_DI, CFI_R15},
27};
28
29static int is_x86_64(struct elf *elf)
30{
31 switch (elf->ehdr.e_machine) {
32 case EM_X86_64:
33 return 1;
34 case EM_386:
35 return 0;
36 default:
37 WARN("unexpected ELF machine type %d", elf->ehdr.e_machine);
38 return -1;
39 }
40}
41
42bool arch_callee_saved_reg(unsigned char reg)
43{
44 switch (reg) {
45 case CFI_BP:
46 case CFI_BX:
47 case CFI_R12:
48 case CFI_R13:
49 case CFI_R14:
50 case CFI_R15:
51 return true;
52
53 case CFI_AX:
54 case CFI_CX:
55 case CFI_DX:
56 case CFI_SI:
57 case CFI_DI:
58 case CFI_SP:
59 case CFI_R8:
60 case CFI_R9:
61 case CFI_R10:
62 case CFI_R11:
63 case CFI_RA:
64 default:
65 return false;
66 }
67}
68
69int arch_decode_instruction(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
70 unsigned long offset, unsigned int maxlen,
71 unsigned int *len, enum insn_type *type,
72 unsigned long *immediate, struct stack_op *op)
73{
74 struct insn insn;
75 int x86_64, sign;
76 unsigned char op1, op2, rex = 0, rex_b = 0, rex_r = 0, rex_w = 0,
77 rex_x = 0, modrm = 0, modrm_mod = 0, modrm_rm = 0,
78 modrm_reg = 0, sib = 0;
79
80 x86_64 = is_x86_64(elf);
81 if (x86_64 == -1)
82 return -1;
83
84 insn_init(&insn, sec->data->d_buf + offset, maxlen, x86_64);
85 insn_get_length(&insn);
86
87 if (!insn_complete(&insn)) {
88 WARN_FUNC("can't decode instruction", sec, offset);
89 return -1;
90 }
91
92 *len = insn.length;
93 *type = INSN_OTHER;
94
95 if (insn.vex_prefix.nbytes)
96 return 0;
97
98 op1 = insn.opcode.bytes[0];
99 op2 = insn.opcode.bytes[1];
100
101 if (insn.rex_prefix.nbytes) {
102 rex = insn.rex_prefix.bytes[0];
103 rex_w = X86_REX_W(rex) >> 3;
104 rex_r = X86_REX_R(rex) >> 2;
105 rex_x = X86_REX_X(rex) >> 1;
106 rex_b = X86_REX_B(rex);
107 }
108
109 if (insn.modrm.nbytes) {
110 modrm = insn.modrm.bytes[0];
111 modrm_mod = X86_MODRM_MOD(modrm);
112 modrm_reg = X86_MODRM_REG(modrm);
113 modrm_rm = X86_MODRM_RM(modrm);
114 }
115
116 if (insn.sib.nbytes)
117 sib = insn.sib.bytes[0];
118
119 switch (op1) {
120
121 case 0x1:
122 case 0x29:
123 if (rex_w && !rex_b && modrm_mod == 3 && modrm_rm == 4) {
124
125 /* add/sub reg, %rsp */
126 *type = INSN_STACK;
127 op->src.type = OP_SRC_ADD;
128 op->src.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_reg][rex_r];
129 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
130 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
131 }
132 break;
133
134 case 0x50 ... 0x57:
135
136 /* push reg */
137 *type = INSN_STACK;
138 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG;
139 op->src.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[op1 & 0x7][rex_b];
140 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_PUSH;
141
142 break;
143
144 case 0x58 ... 0x5f:
145
146 /* pop reg */
147 *type = INSN_STACK;
148 op->src.type = OP_SRC_POP;
149 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
150 op->dest.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[op1 & 0x7][rex_b];
151
152 break;
153
154 case 0x68:
155 case 0x6a:
156 /* push immediate */
157 *type = INSN_STACK;
158 op->src.type = OP_SRC_CONST;
159 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_PUSH;
160 break;
161
162 case 0x70 ... 0x7f:
163 *type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
164 break;
165
166 case 0x81:
167 case 0x83:
168 if (rex != 0x48)
169 break;
170
171 if (modrm == 0xe4) {
172 /* and imm, %rsp */
173 *type = INSN_STACK;
174 op->src.type = OP_SRC_AND;
175 op->src.reg = CFI_SP;
176 op->src.offset = insn.immediate.value;
177 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
178 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
179 break;
180 }
181
182 if (modrm == 0xc4)
183 sign = 1;
184 else if (modrm == 0xec)
185 sign = -1;
186 else
187 break;
188
189 /* add/sub imm, %rsp */
190 *type = INSN_STACK;
191 op->src.type = OP_SRC_ADD;
192 op->src.reg = CFI_SP;
193 op->src.offset = insn.immediate.value * sign;
194 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
195 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
196 break;
197
198 case 0x89:
199 if (rex_w && !rex_r && modrm_mod == 3 && modrm_reg == 4) {
200
201 /* mov %rsp, reg */
202 *type = INSN_STACK;
203 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG;
204 op->src.reg = CFI_SP;
205 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
206 op->dest.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_rm][rex_b];
207 break;
208 }
209
210 if (rex_w && !rex_b && modrm_mod == 3 && modrm_rm == 4) {
211
212 /* mov reg, %rsp */
213 *type = INSN_STACK;
214 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG;
215 op->src.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_reg][rex_r];
216 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
217 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
218 break;
219 }
220
221 /* fallthrough */
222 case 0x88:
223 if (!rex_b &&
224 (modrm_mod == 1 || modrm_mod == 2) && modrm_rm == 5) {
225
226 /* mov reg, disp(%rbp) */
227 *type = INSN_STACK;
228 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG;
229 op->src.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_reg][rex_r];
230 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG_INDIRECT;
231 op->dest.reg = CFI_BP;
232 op->dest.offset = insn.displacement.value;
233
234 } else if (rex_w && !rex_b && modrm_rm == 4 && sib == 0x24) {
235
236 /* mov reg, disp(%rsp) */
237 *type = INSN_STACK;
238 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG;
239 op->src.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_reg][rex_r];
240 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG_INDIRECT;
241 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
242 op->dest.offset = insn.displacement.value;
243 }
244
245 break;
246
247 case 0x8b:
248 if (rex_w && !rex_b && modrm_mod == 1 && modrm_rm == 5) {
249
250 /* mov disp(%rbp), reg */
251 *type = INSN_STACK;
252 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG_INDIRECT;
253 op->src.reg = CFI_BP;
254 op->src.offset = insn.displacement.value;
255 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
256 op->dest.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_reg][rex_r];
257
258 } else if (rex_w && !rex_b && sib == 0x24 &&
259 modrm_mod != 3 && modrm_rm == 4) {
260
261 /* mov disp(%rsp), reg */
262 *type = INSN_STACK;
263 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG_INDIRECT;
264 op->src.reg = CFI_SP;
265 op->src.offset = insn.displacement.value;
266 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
267 op->dest.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_reg][rex_r];
268 }
269
270 break;
271
272 case 0x8d:
273 if (sib == 0x24 && rex_w && !rex_b && !rex_x) {
274
275 *type = INSN_STACK;
276 if (!insn.displacement.value) {
277 /* lea (%rsp), reg */
278 op->src.type = OP_SRC_REG;
279 } else {
280 /* lea disp(%rsp), reg */
281 op->src.type = OP_SRC_ADD;
282 op->src.offset = insn.displacement.value;
283 }
284 op->src.reg = CFI_SP;
285 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
286 op->dest.reg = op_to_cfi_reg[modrm_reg][rex_r];
287
288 } else if (rex == 0x48 && modrm == 0x65) {
289
290 /* lea disp(%rbp), %rsp */
291 *type = INSN_STACK;
292 op->src.type = OP_SRC_ADD;
293 op->src.reg = CFI_BP;
294 op->src.offset = insn.displacement.value;
295 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
296 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
297
298 } else if (rex == 0x49 && modrm == 0x62 &&
299 insn.displacement.value == -8) {
300
301 /*
302 * lea -0x8(%r10), %rsp
303 *
304 * Restoring rsp back to its original value after a
305 * stack realignment.
306 */
307 *type = INSN_STACK;
308 op->src.type = OP_SRC_ADD;
309 op->src.reg = CFI_R10;
310 op->src.offset = -8;
311 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
312 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
313
314 } else if (rex == 0x49 && modrm == 0x65 &&
315 insn.displacement.value == -16) {
316
317 /*
318 * lea -0x10(%r13), %rsp
319 *
320 * Restoring rsp back to its original value after a
321 * stack realignment.
322 */
323 *type = INSN_STACK;
324 op->src.type = OP_SRC_ADD;
325 op->src.reg = CFI_R13;
326 op->src.offset = -16;
327 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_REG;
328 op->dest.reg = CFI_SP;
329 }
330
331 break;
332
333 case 0x8f:
334 /* pop to mem */
335 *type = INSN_STACK;
336 op->src.type = OP_SRC_POP;
337 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_MEM;
338 break;
339
340 case 0x90:
341 *type = INSN_NOP;
342 break;
343
344 case 0x9c:
345 /* pushf */
346 *type = INSN_STACK;
347 op->src.type = OP_SRC_CONST;
348 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_PUSHF;
349 break;
350
351 case 0x9d:
352 /* popf */
353 *type = INSN_STACK;
354 op->src.type = OP_SRC_POPF;
355 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_MEM;
356 break;
357
358 case 0x0f:
359
360 if (op2 == 0x01) {
361
362 if (modrm == 0xca)
363 *type = INSN_CLAC;
364 else if (modrm == 0xcb)
365 *type = INSN_STAC;
366
367 } else if (op2 >= 0x80 && op2 <= 0x8f) {
368
369 *type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
370
371 } else if (op2 == 0x05 || op2 == 0x07 || op2 == 0x34 ||
372 op2 == 0x35) {
373
374 /* sysenter, sysret */
375 *type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
376
377 } else if (op2 == 0x0b || op2 == 0xb9) {
378
379 /* ud2 */
380 *type = INSN_BUG;
381
382 } else if (op2 == 0x0d || op2 == 0x1f) {
383
384 /* nopl/nopw */
385 *type = INSN_NOP;
386
387 } else if (op2 == 0xa0 || op2 == 0xa8) {
388
389 /* push fs/gs */
390 *type = INSN_STACK;
391 op->src.type = OP_SRC_CONST;
392 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_PUSH;
393
394 } else if (op2 == 0xa1 || op2 == 0xa9) {
395
396 /* pop fs/gs */
397 *type = INSN_STACK;
398 op->src.type = OP_SRC_POP;
399 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_MEM;
400 }
401
402 break;
403
404 case 0xc9:
405 /*
406 * leave
407 *
408 * equivalent to:
409 * mov bp, sp
410 * pop bp
411 */
412 *type = INSN_STACK;
413 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_LEAVE;
414
415 break;
416
417 case 0xe3:
418 /* jecxz/jrcxz */
419 *type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
420 break;
421
422 case 0xe9:
423 case 0xeb:
424 *type = INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL;
425 break;
426
427 case 0xc2:
428 case 0xc3:
429 *type = INSN_RETURN;
430 break;
431
432 case 0xca: /* retf */
433 case 0xcb: /* retf */
434 case 0xcf: /* iret */
435 *type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
436 break;
437
438 case 0xe8:
439 *type = INSN_CALL;
440 break;
441
442 case 0xfc:
443 *type = INSN_CLD;
444 break;
445
446 case 0xfd:
447 *type = INSN_STD;
448 break;
449
450 case 0xff:
451 if (modrm_reg == 2 || modrm_reg == 3)
452
453 *type = INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC;
454
455 else if (modrm_reg == 4)
456
457 *type = INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC;
458
459 else if (modrm_reg == 5)
460
461 /* jmpf */
462 *type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
463
464 else if (modrm_reg == 6) {
465
466 /* push from mem */
467 *type = INSN_STACK;
468 op->src.type = OP_SRC_CONST;
469 op->dest.type = OP_DEST_PUSH;
470 }
471
472 break;
473
474 default:
475 break;
476 }
477
478 *immediate = insn.immediate.nbytes ? insn.immediate.value : 0;
479
480 return 0;
481}
482
483void arch_initial_func_cfi_state(struct cfi_state *state)
484{
485 int i;
486
487 for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++) {
488 state->regs[i].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
489 state->regs[i].offset = 0;
490 }
491
492 /* initial CFA (call frame address) */
493 state->cfa.base = CFI_SP;
494 state->cfa.offset = 8;
495
496 /* initial RA (return address) */
497 state->regs[16].base = CFI_CFA;
498 state->regs[16].offset = -8;
499}
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2015 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
3 *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
6 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
7 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8 *
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
13 *
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16 */
17
18#include <stdio.h>
19#include <stdlib.h>
20
21#define unlikely(cond) (cond)
22#include "insn/insn.h"
23#include "insn/inat.c"
24#include "insn/insn.c"
25
26#include "../../elf.h"
27#include "../../arch.h"
28#include "../../warn.h"
29
30static int is_x86_64(struct elf *elf)
31{
32 switch (elf->ehdr.e_machine) {
33 case EM_X86_64:
34 return 1;
35 case EM_386:
36 return 0;
37 default:
38 WARN("unexpected ELF machine type %d", elf->ehdr.e_machine);
39 return -1;
40 }
41}
42
43int arch_decode_instruction(struct elf *elf, struct section *sec,
44 unsigned long offset, unsigned int maxlen,
45 unsigned int *len, unsigned char *type,
46 unsigned long *immediate)
47{
48 struct insn insn;
49 int x86_64;
50 unsigned char op1, op2, ext;
51
52 x86_64 = is_x86_64(elf);
53 if (x86_64 == -1)
54 return -1;
55
56 insn_init(&insn, (void *)(sec->data + offset), maxlen, x86_64);
57 insn_get_length(&insn);
58 insn_get_opcode(&insn);
59 insn_get_modrm(&insn);
60 insn_get_immediate(&insn);
61
62 if (!insn_complete(&insn)) {
63 WARN_FUNC("can't decode instruction", sec, offset);
64 return -1;
65 }
66
67 *len = insn.length;
68 *type = INSN_OTHER;
69
70 if (insn.vex_prefix.nbytes)
71 return 0;
72
73 op1 = insn.opcode.bytes[0];
74 op2 = insn.opcode.bytes[1];
75
76 switch (op1) {
77 case 0x55:
78 if (!insn.rex_prefix.nbytes)
79 /* push rbp */
80 *type = INSN_FP_SAVE;
81 break;
82
83 case 0x5d:
84 if (!insn.rex_prefix.nbytes)
85 /* pop rbp */
86 *type = INSN_FP_RESTORE;
87 break;
88
89 case 0x70 ... 0x7f:
90 *type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
91 break;
92
93 case 0x89:
94 if (insn.rex_prefix.nbytes == 1 &&
95 insn.rex_prefix.bytes[0] == 0x48 &&
96 insn.modrm.nbytes && insn.modrm.bytes[0] == 0xe5)
97 /* mov rsp, rbp */
98 *type = INSN_FP_SETUP;
99 break;
100
101 case 0x8d:
102 if (insn.rex_prefix.nbytes &&
103 insn.rex_prefix.bytes[0] == 0x48 &&
104 insn.modrm.nbytes && insn.modrm.bytes[0] == 0x2c &&
105 insn.sib.nbytes && insn.sib.bytes[0] == 0x24)
106 /* lea %(rsp), %rbp */
107 *type = INSN_FP_SETUP;
108 break;
109
110 case 0x90:
111 *type = INSN_NOP;
112 break;
113
114 case 0x0f:
115 if (op2 >= 0x80 && op2 <= 0x8f)
116 *type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
117 else if (op2 == 0x05 || op2 == 0x07 || op2 == 0x34 ||
118 op2 == 0x35)
119 /* sysenter, sysret */
120 *type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
121 else if (op2 == 0x0b || op2 == 0xb9)
122 /* ud2 */
123 *type = INSN_BUG;
124 else if (op2 == 0x0d || op2 == 0x1f)
125 /* nopl/nopw */
126 *type = INSN_NOP;
127 else if (op2 == 0x01 && insn.modrm.nbytes &&
128 (insn.modrm.bytes[0] == 0xc2 ||
129 insn.modrm.bytes[0] == 0xd8))
130 /* vmlaunch, vmrun */
131 *type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
132
133 break;
134
135 case 0xc9: /* leave */
136 *type = INSN_FP_RESTORE;
137 break;
138
139 case 0xe3: /* jecxz/jrcxz */
140 *type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
141 break;
142
143 case 0xe9:
144 case 0xeb:
145 *type = INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL;
146 break;
147
148 case 0xc2:
149 case 0xc3:
150 *type = INSN_RETURN;
151 break;
152
153 case 0xca: /* retf */
154 case 0xcb: /* retf */
155 case 0xcf: /* iret */
156 *type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
157 break;
158
159 case 0xe8:
160 *type = INSN_CALL;
161 break;
162
163 case 0xff:
164 ext = X86_MODRM_REG(insn.modrm.bytes[0]);
165 if (ext == 2 || ext == 3)
166 *type = INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC;
167 else if (ext == 4)
168 *type = INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC;
169 else if (ext == 5) /*jmpf */
170 *type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
171
172 break;
173
174 default:
175 break;
176 }
177
178 *immediate = insn.immediate.nbytes ? insn.immediate.value : 0;
179
180 return 0;
181}