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1.. _kernel_docs:
2
3Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel
4=============================================================================================
5
6 Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es>
7
8The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
9linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
10to information, appeared again and again.
11
12Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
13get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
14enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
15philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
16
17Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
18start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
19kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents
20available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference
21books are also mentioned.
22
23PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
24send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any
25corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.
26
27The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are
28cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the
29"Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful
30when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the
31Document.
32
33Enjoy!
34
35.. note::
36
37 The documents on each section of this document are ordered by its
38 published date, from the newest to the oldest.
39
40Docs at the Linux Kernel tree
41-----------------------------
42
43The Sphinx books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}``.
44
45 * Name: **linux/Documentation**
46
47 :Author: Many.
48 :Location: Documentation/
49 :Keywords: text files, Sphinx.
50 :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
51 inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
52 (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
53 be more up to date than the web version.
54
55On-line docs
56------------
57
58 * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
59
60 :Author: various
61 :URL: https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelGlossary
62 :Date: rolling version
63 :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
64 :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
65 a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
66 during discussion of the Linux kernel".
67
68 * Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**
69
70 :Author: Richard Sailer
71 :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
72 :Date: 2016
73 :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
74 :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
75 understanding linux kernel internals,
76 illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
77 :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
78 as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
79 Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
80 source code more determined and with context.
81 In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
82 and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
83 Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
84 exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*
85
86 * Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**
87
88 :Author: Andi Kleen
89 :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
90 :Date: 2008
91 :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
92 :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
93 there are and how likley they get merged.
94 :Abstract:
95 [...]. This paper examines some common problems for
96 submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.
97
98 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
99
100 :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
101 :URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
102 :Date: 2005
103 :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
104 programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the
105 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
106 :note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere <ldd3_published>`.
107
108 * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
109
110 :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
111 :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
112 :Date: 2005
113 :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
114 :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
115 both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
116 sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
117
118 * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
119
120 :Author: David Hinds.
121 :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
122 :Date: 2003
123 :Keywords: PCMCIA.
124 :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
125 drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
126 describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
127 Card Services.
128
129 * Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
130
131 :Author: Ori Pomerantz.
132 :URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html
133 :Date: 2001
134 :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
135 interrupt handlers .
136 :Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
137 programming. Lots of examples.
138
139 * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
140
141 :Author: Rick Lindsley.
142 :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
143 :Date: 2001
144 :Keywords: spinlock.
145 :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
146 usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
147 list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
148 access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
149 is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
150
151 * Title: **A Linux vm README**
152
153 :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
154 :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
155 :Date: 2001
156 :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
157 cache, swap cache, kswapd.
158 :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
159 relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
160
161 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
162
163 :Author: Alan Cox.
164 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
165 :Date: 2000
166 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
167 camera driver.
168 :Description: The title says it all.
169
170 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
171
172 :Author: Alan Cox.
173 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
174 :Date: 2000
175 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
176 camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
177 :Description: The title says it all.
178
179 * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
180
181 :Author: Glenn Herrin.
182 :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
183 :Date: 2000
184 :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
185 socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
186 modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
187 :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
188 explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
189 configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
190 the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
191 packets follow from the time they are received at the network
192 device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
193 code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
194 dropper example.
195
196 * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
197
198 :Author: Paul Mackerras.
199 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
200 :Date: 1999
201 :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
202 :Description: The title says it all.
203
204 * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
205
206 :Author: Alan Cox.
207 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
208 :Date: 1999
209 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
210 :Description: The title says it all.
211
212 * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
213
214 :Author: Alan Cox.
215 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
216 :Date: 1999
217 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
218 :Description: The title says it all.
219
220 * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
221
222 :Author: Alan Cox.
223 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
224 :Date: 1999
225 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
226 :Description: The title says it all.
227
228 * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
229
230 :Author: Alan Cox.
231 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
232 :Date: 1999
233 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
234 :Description: The title still says it all.
235
236 * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
237
238 :Author: Alan Cox.
239 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
240 :Date: 1999
241 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
242 :Description: The title says it all.
243
244 * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
245
246 :Author: Richard Gooch.
247 :URL: http://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html
248 :Date: 1999
249 :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
250 event queues.
251 :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
252 how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
253 open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
254 application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
255 (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
256 want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
257 inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
258
259 * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
260
261 :Author: pragmatic/THC.
262 :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
263 :Date: 1999
264 :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
265 :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
266 order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
267 files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
268 write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
269 avoid all those abuses.
270 :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
271 kernels.
272
273 * Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
274
275 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
276 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
277 :Date: 1998
278 :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
279 :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
280 Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
281 dcache.
282
283 * Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
284
285 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
286 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
287 :Date: 1998
288 :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
289 :Description: "This document describes the communication between
290 Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
291 of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
292 the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
293 envisage".
294
295 * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
296
297 :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
298 :URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
299 :Date: 1998
300 :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
301 VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
302 ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
303 :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
304 Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
305 design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
306 e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
307 :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
308 First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
309
310 * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
311
312 :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
313 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
314 :Date: 1997
315 :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
316 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
317 :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
318 RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
319 Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
320 secondary-storage capability using software*.
321
322 * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
323
324 :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
325 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
326 :Date: 1997
327 :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
328 block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
329 memory allocation, timers.
330 :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
331 concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal
332 structures of Linux.
333
334 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
335
336 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
337 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
338 :Date: 1996
339 :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
340 allocating resources.
341 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
342 :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
343 co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
344 a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
345 loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
346 topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
347 installment*.
348
349 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
350
351 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
352 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
353 :Date: 1996
354 :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
355 autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
356 open(), close().
357 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
358 :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
359 the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
360 device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
361 cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
362
363 * Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
364
365 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
366 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
367 :Date: 1996
368 :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
369 blocking mode, interrupt handler.
370 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
371 :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
372 device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
373 ioctl-calls*.
374
375 * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
376
377 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
378 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
379 :Date: 1996
380 :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
381 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
382 :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
383 writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
384 month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
385 Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
386 constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
387 writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
388 different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
389 DMA*.
390
391 * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
392
393 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
394 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
395 :Date: 1996
396 :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
397 demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
398 virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
399 :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
400 series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
401 five articles about character device drivers. In this final
402 section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
403 an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
404
405 * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
406
407 :Author: Alan Cox.
408 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
409 :Date: 1996
410 :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
411 variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
412 configuration, multicast.
413 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
414 :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
415 simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
416 hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
417
418 * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
419
420 :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
421 :URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
422 :Date: 1994
423 :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
424 :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
425 bitmaps, invariants...
426
427Published books
428---------------
429
430 * Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**
431
432 :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
433 :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
434 :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
435 :Pages: 688
436 :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
437 :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
438 much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.
439
440 * Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**
441
442 :Author: Rami Rosen
443 :Publisher: Apress
444 :Date: December 22, 2013
445 :Pages: 648
446 :ISBN: 978-1430261964
447
448 * Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition**
449
450 :Author: Christopher Hallinan
451 :Publisher: Pearson
452 :Date: November, 2010
453 :Pages: 656
454 :ISBN: 978-0137017836
455
456 * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
457
458 :Author: Robert Love
459 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
460 :Date: July, 2010
461 :Pages: 440
462 :ISBN: 978-0672329463
463
464 * Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers**
465
466 :Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
467 :Published: Prentice Hall
468 :Date: April, 2008
469 :Pages: 744
470 :ISBN: 978-0132396554
471
472.. _ldd3_published:
473
474 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
475
476 :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
477 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
478 :Date: 2005
479 :Pages: 636
480 :ISBN: 0-596-00590-3
481 :Notes: Further information in
482 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
483 PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
484
485 * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
486
487 :Author: Michael Beck
488 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
489 :Date: 1997
490 :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
491
492 * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
493
494 :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
495 :Publisher: Eyrolles
496 :Date: 1997
497 :Pages: 520
498 :ISBN: 2-212-08932-5
499 :Notes: French
500
501 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
502
503 :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
504 John S. Quarterman
505 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
506 :Date: 1996
507 :ISBN: 0-201-54979-4
508
509 * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
510
511 :Author: Uresh Vahalia
512 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
513 :Date: 1996
514 :Pages: 600
515 :ISBN: 0-13-101908-2
516
517 * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
518
519 :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
520 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
521 :Date: 1995
522 :Pages: 552
523 :ISBN: I-56592-074-0
524 :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
525 POSIX. Good reference.
526
527 * Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
528
529 :Author: Curt Schimmel
530 :Publisher: Addison Wesley
531 :Date: June, 1994
532 :Pages: 432
533 :ISBN: 0-201-63338-8
534
535 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
536
537 :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
538 Karels, John S. Quarterman
539 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
540 :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
541 :ISBN: 0-201-06196-1
542
543 * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
544
545 :Author: Maurice J. Bach
546 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
547 :Date: 1986
548 :Pages: 471
549 :ISBN: 0-13-201757-1
550
551Miscellaneous
552-------------
553
554 * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
555
556 :URL: https://elixir.bootlin.com/
557 :Keywords: Browsing source code.
558 :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
559 Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
560 where they are defined and where they are used.
561
562 * Name: **Linux Weekly News**
563
564 :URL: http://lwn.net
565 :Keywords: latest kernel news.
566 :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
567 summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
568 produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
569
570 * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
571
572 :Author: The Linux-MM team.
573 :URL: http://linux-mm.org/
574 :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
575 mailing list.
576 :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
577 Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
578 it if you are interested in memory management development!
579
580 * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
581
582 :URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org
583 :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
584 :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
585 #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
586 kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
587 learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
588 professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
589 people.
590 #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
591 Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
592 The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
593
594 * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
595
596 :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
597 :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
598 :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
599 :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
600 :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
601 you have a better/another one, please let me know.
602
603-------
604
605Document last updated on Tue 2016-Sep-20
606
607This document is based on:
608 http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html
1.. _kernel_docs:
2
3Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel
4=============================================================================================
5
6 Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es>
7
8The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
9linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
10to information, appeared again and again.
11
12Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
13get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
14enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
15philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
16
17Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
18start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
19kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents
20available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference
21books are also mentioned.
22
23PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
24send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any
25corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.
26
27The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are
28cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the
29"Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful
30when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the
31Document.
32
33Enjoy!
34
35.. note::
36
37 The documents on each section of this document are ordered by its
38 published date, from the newest to the oldest.
39
40Docs at the Linux Kernel tree
41-----------------------------
42
43The DocBook books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs}``.
44The Sphinx books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}``.
45
46 * Name: **linux/Documentation**
47
48 :Author: Many.
49 :Location: Documentation/
50 :Keywords: text files, Sphinx, DocBook.
51 :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
52 inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
53 (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
54 be more up to date than the web version.
55
56 * Title: **The Kernel Hacking HOWTO**
57
58 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
59 :Location: Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
60 :Keywords: HOWTO, kernel contexts, deadlock, locking, modules,
61 symbols, return conventions.
62 :Description: From the Introduction: "Please understand that I
63 never wanted to write this document, being grossly underqualified,
64 but I always wanted to read it, and this was the only way. I
65 simply explain some best practices, and give reading entry-points
66 into the kernel sources. I avoid implementation details: that's
67 what the code is for, and I ignore whole tracts of useful
68 routines. This document assumes familiarity with C, and an
69 understanding of what the kernel is, and how it is used. It was
70 originally written for the 2.3 kernels, but nearly all of it
71 applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly different".
72
73 * Title: **Linux Kernel Locking HOWTO**
74
75 :Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.
76 :Location: Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl
77 :Keywords: locks, locking, spinlock, semaphore, atomic, race
78 condition, bottom halves, tasklets, softirqs.
79 :Description: The title says it all: document describing the
80 locking system in the Linux Kernel either in uniprocessor or SMP
81 systems.
82 :Notes: "It was originally written for the later (>2.3.47) 2.3
83 kernels, but most of it applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly
84 different". Freely redistributable under the conditions of the GNU
85 General Public License.
86
87On-line docs
88------------
89
90 * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
91
92 :Author: various
93 :URL: http://kernelnewbies.org/glossary/
94 :Date: rolling version
95 :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
96 :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
97 a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
98 during discussion of the Linux kernel".
99
100 * Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**
101
102 :Author: Richard Sailer
103 :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
104 :Date: 2016
105 :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
106 :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
107 understanding linux kernel internals,
108 illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
109 :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
110 as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
111 Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
112 source code more determined and with context.
113 In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
114 and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
115 Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
116 exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*
117
118 * Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**
119
120 :Author: Andi Kleen
121 :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
122 :Date: 2008
123 :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
124 :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
125 there are and how likley they get merged.
126 :Abstract:
127 [...]. This paper examines some common problems for
128 submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.
129
130 * Title: **Overview of the Virtual File System**
131
132 :Author: Richard Gooch.
133 :URL: http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
134 :Date: 2007
135 :Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files,
136 dentries, dcache.
137 :Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System.
138 What is it, how it works, operations taken when opening a file or
139 mounting a file system and description of important data
140 structures explaining the purpose of each of their entries.
141
142 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
143
144 :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
145 :URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
146 :Date: 2005
147 :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
148 programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the
149 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
150 :note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere <ldd3_published>`.
151
152 * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
153
154 :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
155 :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
156 :Date: 2005
157 :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
158 :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
159 both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
160 sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
161
162 * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
163
164 :Author: David Hinds.
165 :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
166 :Date: 2003
167 :Keywords: PCMCIA.
168 :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
169 drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
170 describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
171 Card Services.
172
173 * Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
174
175 :Author: Ori Pomerantz.
176 :URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html
177 :Date: 2001
178 :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
179 interrupt handlers .
180 :Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules
181 programming. Lots of examples.
182
183 * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
184
185 :Author: Rick Lindsley.
186 :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
187 :Date: 2001
188 :Keywords: spinlock.
189 :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
190 usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
191 list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
192 access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
193 is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
194
195 * Title: **A Linux vm README**
196
197 :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
198 :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
199 :Date: 2001
200 :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
201 cache, swap cache, kswapd.
202 :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
203 relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
204
205 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
206
207 :Author: Alan Cox.
208 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
209 :Date: 2000
210 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
211 camera driver.
212 :Description: The title says it all.
213
214 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
215
216 :Author: Alan Cox.
217 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
218 :Date: 2000
219 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
220 camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
221 :Description: The title says it all.
222
223 * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
224
225 :Author: Glenn Herrin.
226 :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
227 :Date: 2000
228 :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
229 socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
230 modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
231 :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
232 explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
233 configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
234 the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
235 packets follow from the time they are received at the network
236 device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
237 code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
238 dropper example.
239
240 * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
241
242 :Author: Paul Mackerras.
243 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
244 :Date: 1999
245 :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
246 :Description: The title says it all.
247
248 * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
249
250 :Author: Alan Cox.
251 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
252 :Date: 1999
253 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
254 :Description: The title says it all.
255
256 * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
257
258 :Author: Alan Cox.
259 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
260 :Date: 1999
261 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
262 :Description: The title says it all.
263
264 * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
265
266 :Author: Alan Cox.
267 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
268 :Date: 1999
269 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
270 :Description: The title says it all.
271
272 * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
273
274 :Author: Alan Cox.
275 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
276 :Date: 1999
277 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
278 :Description: The title still says it all.
279
280 * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
281
282 :Author: Alan Cox.
283 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
284 :Date: 1999
285 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
286 :Description: The title says it all.
287
288 * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
289
290 :Author: Richard Gooch.
291 :URL: http://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html
292 :Date: 1999
293 :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
294 event queues.
295 :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
296 how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
297 open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
298 application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
299 (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
300 want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
301 inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
302
303 * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
304
305 :Author: pragmatic/THC.
306 :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
307 :Date: 1999
308 :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
309 :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
310 order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
311 files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
312 write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
313 avoid all those abuses.
314 :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
315 kernels.
316
317 * Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
318
319 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
320 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
321 :Date: 1998
322 :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
323 :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
324 Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
325 dcache.
326
327 * Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
328
329 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
330 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
331 :Date: 1998
332 :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
333 :Description: "This document describes the communication between
334 Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
335 of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
336 the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
337 envisage".
338
339 * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
340
341 :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
342 :URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
343 :Date: 1998
344 :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
345 VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
346 ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
347 :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
348 Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
349 design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
350 e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
351 :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
352 First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
353
354 * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
355
356 :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
357 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
358 :Date: 1997
359 :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
360 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
361 :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
362 RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
363 Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
364 secondary-storage capability using software*.
365
366 * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
367
368 :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
369 :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
370 :Date: 1997
371 :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
372 block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
373 memory allocation, timers.
374 :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
375 concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal
376 structures of Linux.
377
378 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
379
380 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
381 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
382 :Date: 1996
383 :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
384 allocating resources.
385 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
386 :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
387 co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
388 a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
389 loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
390 topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
391 installment*.
392
393 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
394
395 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
396 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
397 :Date: 1996
398 :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
399 autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
400 open(), close().
401 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
402 :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
403 the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
404 device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
405 cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
406
407 * Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
408
409 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
410 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
411 :Date: 1996
412 :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
413 blocking mode, interrupt handler.
414 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
415 :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
416 device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
417 ioctl-calls*.
418
419 * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
420
421 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
422 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
423 :Date: 1996
424 :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
425 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its
426 :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
427 writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
428 month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
429 Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
430 constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
431 writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
432 different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
433 DMA*.
434
435 * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
436
437 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
438 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
439 :Date: 1996
440 :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
441 demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
442 virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
443 :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
444 series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
445 five articles about character device drivers. In this final
446 section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
447 an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
448
449 * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
450
451 :Author: Alan Cox.
452 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
453 :Date: 1996
454 :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
455 variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
456 configuration, multicast.
457 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
458 :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
459 simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
460 hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
461
462 * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
463
464 :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
465 :URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
466 :Date: 1994
467 :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
468 :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
469 bitmaps, invariants...
470
471Published books
472---------------
473
474 * Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**
475
476 :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
477 :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
478 :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
479 :Pages: 688
480 :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
481 :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
482 much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.
483
484 * Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**
485
486 :Author: Rami Rosen
487 :Publisher: Apress
488 :Date: December 22, 2013
489 :Pages: 648
490 :ISBN: 978-1430261964
491
492 * Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition**
493
494 :Author: Christopher Hallinan
495 :Publisher: Pearson
496 :Date: November, 2010
497 :Pages: 656
498 :ISBN: 978-0137017836
499
500 * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
501
502 :Author: Robert Love
503 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
504 :Date: July, 2010
505 :Pages: 440
506 :ISBN: 978-0672329463
507
508 * Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers**
509
510 :Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
511 :Published: Prentice Hall
512 :Date: April, 2008
513 :Pages: 744
514 :ISBN: 978-0132396554
515
516.. _ldd3_published:
517
518 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
519
520 :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
521 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
522 :Date: 2005
523 :Pages: 636
524 :ISBN: 0-596-00590-3
525 :Notes: Further information in
526 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
527 PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
528
529 * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
530
531 :Author: Michael Beck
532 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
533 :Date: 1997
534 :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
535
536 * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
537
538 :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
539 :Publisher: Eyrolles
540 :Date: 1997
541 :Pages: 520
542 :ISBN: 2-212-08932-5
543 :Notes: French
544
545 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
546
547 :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
548 John S. Quarterman
549 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
550 :Date: 1996
551 :ISBN: 0-201-54979-4
552
553 * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
554
555 :Author: Uresh Vahalia
556 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
557 :Date: 1996
558 :Pages: 600
559 :ISBN: 0-13-101908-2
560
561 * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
562
563 :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
564 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
565 :Date: 1995
566 :Pages: 552
567 :ISBN: I-56592-074-0
568 :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
569 POSIX. Good reference.
570
571 * Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
572
573 :Author: Curt Schimmel
574 :Publisher: Addison Wesley
575 :Date: June, 1994
576 :Pages: 432
577 :ISBN: 0-201-63338-8
578
579 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
580
581 :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
582 Karels, John S. Quarterman
583 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
584 :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
585 :ISBN: 0-201-06196-1
586
587 * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
588
589 :Author: Maurice J. Bach
590 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
591 :Date: 1986
592 :Pages: 471
593 :ISBN: 0-13-201757-1
594
595Miscellaneous
596-------------
597
598 * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
599
600 :URL: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
601 :Keywords: Browsing source code.
602 :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
603 Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
604 where they are defined and where they are used.
605
606 * Name: **Linux Weekly News**
607
608 :URL: http://lwn.net
609 :Keywords: latest kernel news.
610 :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
611 summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
612 produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
613
614 * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
615
616 :Author: The Linux-MM team.
617 :URL: http://linux-mm.org/
618 :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
619 mailing list.
620 :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
621 Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
622 it if you are interested in memory management development!
623
624 * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
625
626 :URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org
627 :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
628 :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
629 #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
630 kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
631 learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
632 professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
633 people.
634 #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
635 Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
636 The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
637
638 * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
639
640 :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
641 :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
642 :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
643 :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
644 :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
645 you have a better/another one, please let me know.
646
647-------
648
649Document last updated on Tue 2016-Sep-20
650
651This document is based on:
652 http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html