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1/*
2 * "Optimize" a list of dependencies as spit out by gcc -MD
3 * for the kernel build
4 * ===========================================================================
5 *
6 * Author Kai Germaschewski
7 * Copyright 2002 by Kai Germaschewski <kai.germaschewski@gmx.de>
8 *
9 * This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
10 * of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
11 *
12 *
13 * Introduction:
14 *
15 * gcc produces a very nice and correct list of dependencies which
16 * tells make when to remake a file.
17 *
18 * To use this list as-is however has the drawback that virtually
19 * every file in the kernel includes autoconf.h.
20 *
21 * If the user re-runs make *config, autoconf.h will be
22 * regenerated. make notices that and will rebuild every file which
23 * includes autoconf.h, i.e. basically all files. This is extremely
24 * annoying if the user just changed CONFIG_HIS_DRIVER from n to m.
25 *
26 * So we play the same trick that "mkdep" played before. We replace
27 * the dependency on autoconf.h by a dependency on every config
28 * option which is mentioned in any of the listed prerequisites.
29 *
30 * kconfig populates a tree in include/config/ with an empty file
31 * for each config symbol and when the configuration is updated
32 * the files representing changed config options are touched
33 * which then let make pick up the changes and the files that use
34 * the config symbols are rebuilt.
35 *
36 * So if the user changes his CONFIG_HIS_DRIVER option, only the objects
37 * which depend on "include/config/his/driver.h" will be rebuilt,
38 * so most likely only his driver ;-)
39 *
40 * The idea above dates, by the way, back to Michael E Chastain, AFAIK.
41 *
42 * So to get dependencies right, there are two issues:
43 * o if any of the files the compiler read changed, we need to rebuild
44 * o if the command line given to the compile the file changed, we
45 * better rebuild as well.
46 *
47 * The former is handled by using the -MD output, the later by saving
48 * the command line used to compile the old object and comparing it
49 * to the one we would now use.
50 *
51 * Again, also this idea is pretty old and has been discussed on
52 * kbuild-devel a long time ago. I don't have a sensibly working
53 * internet connection right now, so I rather don't mention names
54 * without double checking.
55 *
56 * This code here has been based partially based on mkdep.c, which
57 * says the following about its history:
58 *
59 * Copyright abandoned, Michael Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>.
60 * This is a C version of syncdep.pl by Werner Almesberger.
61 *
62 *
63 * It is invoked as
64 *
65 * fixdep <depfile> <target> <cmdline>
66 *
67 * and will read the dependency file <depfile>
68 *
69 * The transformed dependency snipped is written to stdout.
70 *
71 * It first generates a line
72 *
73 * cmd_<target> = <cmdline>
74 *
75 * and then basically copies the .<target>.d file to stdout, in the
76 * process filtering out the dependency on autoconf.h and adding
77 * dependencies on include/config/my/option.h for every
78 * CONFIG_MY_OPTION encountered in any of the prerequisites.
79 *
80 * It will also filter out all the dependencies on *.ver. We need
81 * to make sure that the generated version checksum are globally up
82 * to date before even starting the recursive build, so it's too late
83 * at this point anyway.
84 *
85 * We don't even try to really parse the header files, but
86 * merely grep, i.e. if CONFIG_FOO is mentioned in a comment, it will
87 * be picked up as well. It's not a problem with respect to
88 * correctness, since that can only give too many dependencies, thus
89 * we cannot miss a rebuild. Since people tend to not mention totally
90 * unrelated CONFIG_ options all over the place, it's not an
91 * efficiency problem either.
92 *
93 * (Note: it'd be easy to port over the complete mkdep state machine,
94 * but I don't think the added complexity is worth it)
95 */
96
97#include <sys/types.h>
98#include <sys/stat.h>
99#include <unistd.h>
100#include <fcntl.h>
101#include <string.h>
102#include <stdarg.h>
103#include <stdlib.h>
104#include <stdio.h>
105#include <ctype.h>
106
107static void usage(void)
108{
109 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: fixdep <depfile> <target> <cmdline>\n");
110 exit(1);
111}
112
113/*
114 * In the intended usage of this program, the stdout is redirected to .*.cmd
115 * files. The return value of printf() and putchar() must be checked to catch
116 * any error, e.g. "No space left on device".
117 */
118static void xprintf(const char *format, ...)
119{
120 va_list ap;
121 int ret;
122
123 va_start(ap, format);
124 ret = vprintf(format, ap);
125 if (ret < 0) {
126 perror("fixdep");
127 exit(1);
128 }
129 va_end(ap);
130}
131
132static void xputchar(int c)
133{
134 int ret;
135
136 ret = putchar(c);
137 if (ret == EOF) {
138 perror("fixdep");
139 exit(1);
140 }
141}
142
143/*
144 * Print out a dependency path from a symbol name
145 */
146static void print_dep(const char *m, int slen, const char *dir)
147{
148 int c, prev_c = '/', i;
149
150 xprintf(" $(wildcard %s/", dir);
151 for (i = 0; i < slen; i++) {
152 c = m[i];
153 if (c == '_')
154 c = '/';
155 else
156 c = tolower(c);
157 if (c != '/' || prev_c != '/')
158 xputchar(c);
159 prev_c = c;
160 }
161 xprintf(".h) \\\n");
162}
163
164struct item {
165 struct item *next;
166 unsigned int len;
167 unsigned int hash;
168 char name[0];
169};
170
171#define HASHSZ 256
172static struct item *hashtab[HASHSZ];
173
174static unsigned int strhash(const char *str, unsigned int sz)
175{
176 /* fnv32 hash */
177 unsigned int i, hash = 2166136261U;
178
179 for (i = 0; i < sz; i++)
180 hash = (hash ^ str[i]) * 0x01000193;
181 return hash;
182}
183
184/*
185 * Lookup a value in the configuration string.
186 */
187static int is_defined_config(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash)
188{
189 struct item *aux;
190
191 for (aux = hashtab[hash % HASHSZ]; aux; aux = aux->next) {
192 if (aux->hash == hash && aux->len == len &&
193 memcmp(aux->name, name, len) == 0)
194 return 1;
195 }
196 return 0;
197}
198
199/*
200 * Add a new value to the configuration string.
201 */
202static void define_config(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash)
203{
204 struct item *aux = malloc(sizeof(*aux) + len);
205
206 if (!aux) {
207 perror("fixdep:malloc");
208 exit(1);
209 }
210 memcpy(aux->name, name, len);
211 aux->len = len;
212 aux->hash = hash;
213 aux->next = hashtab[hash % HASHSZ];
214 hashtab[hash % HASHSZ] = aux;
215}
216
217/*
218 * Record the use of a CONFIG_* word.
219 */
220static void use_config(const char *m, int slen)
221{
222 unsigned int hash = strhash(m, slen);
223
224 if (is_defined_config(m, slen, hash))
225 return;
226
227 define_config(m, slen, hash);
228 print_dep(m, slen, "include/config");
229}
230
231/* test if s ends in sub */
232static int str_ends_with(const char *s, int slen, const char *sub)
233{
234 int sublen = strlen(sub);
235
236 if (sublen > slen)
237 return 0;
238
239 return !memcmp(s + slen - sublen, sub, sublen);
240}
241
242static void parse_config_file(const char *p)
243{
244 const char *q, *r;
245 const char *start = p;
246
247 while ((p = strstr(p, "CONFIG_"))) {
248 if (p > start && (isalnum(p[-1]) || p[-1] == '_')) {
249 p += 7;
250 continue;
251 }
252 p += 7;
253 q = p;
254 while (*q && (isalnum(*q) || *q == '_'))
255 q++;
256 if (str_ends_with(p, q - p, "_MODULE"))
257 r = q - 7;
258 else
259 r = q;
260 if (r > p)
261 use_config(p, r - p);
262 p = q;
263 }
264}
265
266static void *read_file(const char *filename)
267{
268 struct stat st;
269 int fd;
270 char *buf;
271
272 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
273 if (fd < 0) {
274 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: error opening file: ");
275 perror(filename);
276 exit(2);
277 }
278 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
279 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: error fstat'ing file: ");
280 perror(filename);
281 exit(2);
282 }
283 buf = malloc(st.st_size + 1);
284 if (!buf) {
285 perror("fixdep: malloc");
286 exit(2);
287 }
288 if (read(fd, buf, st.st_size) != st.st_size) {
289 perror("fixdep: read");
290 exit(2);
291 }
292 buf[st.st_size] = '\0';
293 close(fd);
294
295 return buf;
296}
297
298/* Ignore certain dependencies */
299static int is_ignored_file(const char *s, int len)
300{
301 return str_ends_with(s, len, "include/generated/autoconf.h") ||
302 str_ends_with(s, len, "include/generated/autoksyms.h") ||
303 str_ends_with(s, len, ".ver");
304}
305
306/*
307 * Important: The below generated source_foo.o and deps_foo.o variable
308 * assignments are parsed not only by make, but also by the rather simple
309 * parser in scripts/mod/sumversion.c.
310 */
311static void parse_dep_file(char *m, const char *target)
312{
313 char *p;
314 int is_last, is_target;
315 int saw_any_target = 0;
316 int is_first_dep = 0;
317 void *buf;
318
319 while (1) {
320 /* Skip any "white space" */
321 while (*m == ' ' || *m == '\\' || *m == '\n')
322 m++;
323
324 if (!*m)
325 break;
326
327 /* Find next "white space" */
328 p = m;
329 while (*p && *p != ' ' && *p != '\\' && *p != '\n')
330 p++;
331 is_last = (*p == '\0');
332 /* Is the token we found a target name? */
333 is_target = (*(p-1) == ':');
334 /* Don't write any target names into the dependency file */
335 if (is_target) {
336 /* The /next/ file is the first dependency */
337 is_first_dep = 1;
338 } else if (!is_ignored_file(m, p - m)) {
339 *p = '\0';
340
341 /*
342 * Do not list the source file as dependency, so that
343 * kbuild is not confused if a .c file is rewritten
344 * into .S or vice versa. Storing it in source_* is
345 * needed for modpost to compute srcversions.
346 */
347 if (is_first_dep) {
348 /*
349 * If processing the concatenation of multiple
350 * dependency files, only process the first
351 * target name, which will be the original
352 * source name, and ignore any other target
353 * names, which will be intermediate temporary
354 * files.
355 */
356 if (!saw_any_target) {
357 saw_any_target = 1;
358 xprintf("source_%s := %s\n\n",
359 target, m);
360 xprintf("deps_%s := \\\n", target);
361 }
362 is_first_dep = 0;
363 } else {
364 xprintf(" %s \\\n", m);
365 }
366
367 buf = read_file(m);
368 parse_config_file(buf);
369 free(buf);
370 }
371
372 if (is_last)
373 break;
374
375 /*
376 * Start searching for next token immediately after the first
377 * "whitespace" character that follows this token.
378 */
379 m = p + 1;
380 }
381
382 if (!saw_any_target) {
383 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: parse error; no targets found\n");
384 exit(1);
385 }
386
387 xprintf("\n%s: $(deps_%s)\n\n", target, target);
388 xprintf("$(deps_%s):\n", target);
389}
390
391int main(int argc, char *argv[])
392{
393 const char *depfile, *target, *cmdline;
394 void *buf;
395
396 if (argc != 4)
397 usage();
398
399 depfile = argv[1];
400 target = argv[2];
401 cmdline = argv[3];
402
403 xprintf("cmd_%s := %s\n\n", target, cmdline);
404
405 buf = read_file(depfile);
406 parse_dep_file(buf, target);
407 free(buf);
408
409 return 0;
410}
1/*
2 * "Optimize" a list of dependencies as spit out by gcc -MD
3 * for the kernel build
4 * ===========================================================================
5 *
6 * Author Kai Germaschewski
7 * Copyright 2002 by Kai Germaschewski <kai.germaschewski@gmx.de>
8 *
9 * This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
10 * of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
11 *
12 *
13 * Introduction:
14 *
15 * gcc produces a very nice and correct list of dependencies which
16 * tells make when to remake a file.
17 *
18 * To use this list as-is however has the drawback that virtually
19 * every file in the kernel includes autoconf.h.
20 *
21 * If the user re-runs make *config, autoconf.h will be
22 * regenerated. make notices that and will rebuild every file which
23 * includes autoconf.h, i.e. basically all files. This is extremely
24 * annoying if the user just changed CONFIG_HIS_DRIVER from n to m.
25 *
26 * So we play the same trick that "mkdep" played before. We replace
27 * the dependency on autoconf.h by a dependency on every config
28 * option which is mentioned in any of the listed prequisites.
29 *
30 * kconfig populates a tree in include/config/ with an empty file
31 * for each config symbol and when the configuration is updated
32 * the files representing changed config options are touched
33 * which then let make pick up the changes and the files that use
34 * the config symbols are rebuilt.
35 *
36 * So if the user changes his CONFIG_HIS_DRIVER option, only the objects
37 * which depend on "include/linux/config/his/driver.h" will be rebuilt,
38 * so most likely only his driver ;-)
39 *
40 * The idea above dates, by the way, back to Michael E Chastain, AFAIK.
41 *
42 * So to get dependencies right, there are two issues:
43 * o if any of the files the compiler read changed, we need to rebuild
44 * o if the command line given to the compile the file changed, we
45 * better rebuild as well.
46 *
47 * The former is handled by using the -MD output, the later by saving
48 * the command line used to compile the old object and comparing it
49 * to the one we would now use.
50 *
51 * Again, also this idea is pretty old and has been discussed on
52 * kbuild-devel a long time ago. I don't have a sensibly working
53 * internet connection right now, so I rather don't mention names
54 * without double checking.
55 *
56 * This code here has been based partially based on mkdep.c, which
57 * says the following about its history:
58 *
59 * Copyright abandoned, Michael Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>.
60 * This is a C version of syncdep.pl by Werner Almesberger.
61 *
62 *
63 * It is invoked as
64 *
65 * fixdep <depfile> <target> <cmdline>
66 *
67 * and will read the dependency file <depfile>
68 *
69 * The transformed dependency snipped is written to stdout.
70 *
71 * It first generates a line
72 *
73 * cmd_<target> = <cmdline>
74 *
75 * and then basically copies the .<target>.d file to stdout, in the
76 * process filtering out the dependency on autoconf.h and adding
77 * dependencies on include/config/my/option.h for every
78 * CONFIG_MY_OPTION encountered in any of the prequisites.
79 *
80 * It will also filter out all the dependencies on *.ver. We need
81 * to make sure that the generated version checksum are globally up
82 * to date before even starting the recursive build, so it's too late
83 * at this point anyway.
84 *
85 * The algorithm to grep for "CONFIG_..." is bit unusual, but should
86 * be fast ;-) We don't even try to really parse the header files, but
87 * merely grep, i.e. if CONFIG_FOO is mentioned in a comment, it will
88 * be picked up as well. It's not a problem with respect to
89 * correctness, since that can only give too many dependencies, thus
90 * we cannot miss a rebuild. Since people tend to not mention totally
91 * unrelated CONFIG_ options all over the place, it's not an
92 * efficiency problem either.
93 *
94 * (Note: it'd be easy to port over the complete mkdep state machine,
95 * but I don't think the added complexity is worth it)
96 */
97/*
98 * Note 2: if somebody writes HELLO_CONFIG_BOOM in a file, it will depend onto
99 * CONFIG_BOOM. This could seem a bug (not too hard to fix), but please do not
100 * fix it! Some UserModeLinux files (look at arch/um/) call CONFIG_BOOM as
101 * UML_CONFIG_BOOM, to avoid conflicts with /usr/include/linux/autoconf.h,
102 * through arch/um/include/uml-config.h; this fixdep "bug" makes sure that
103 * those files will have correct dependencies.
104 */
105
106#include <sys/types.h>
107#include <sys/stat.h>
108#include <sys/mman.h>
109#include <unistd.h>
110#include <fcntl.h>
111#include <string.h>
112#include <stdlib.h>
113#include <stdio.h>
114#include <limits.h>
115#include <ctype.h>
116#include <arpa/inet.h>
117
118#define INT_CONF ntohl(0x434f4e46)
119#define INT_ONFI ntohl(0x4f4e4649)
120#define INT_NFIG ntohl(0x4e464947)
121#define INT_FIG_ ntohl(0x4649475f)
122
123char *target;
124char *depfile;
125char *cmdline;
126
127static void usage(void)
128{
129 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: fixdep <depfile> <target> <cmdline>\n");
130 exit(1);
131}
132
133/*
134 * Print out the commandline prefixed with cmd_<target filename> :=
135 */
136static void print_cmdline(void)
137{
138 printf("cmd_%s := %s\n\n", target, cmdline);
139}
140
141struct item {
142 struct item *next;
143 unsigned int len;
144 unsigned int hash;
145 char name[0];
146};
147
148#define HASHSZ 256
149static struct item *hashtab[HASHSZ];
150
151static unsigned int strhash(const char *str, unsigned int sz)
152{
153 /* fnv32 hash */
154 unsigned int i, hash = 2166136261U;
155
156 for (i = 0; i < sz; i++)
157 hash = (hash ^ str[i]) * 0x01000193;
158 return hash;
159}
160
161/*
162 * Lookup a value in the configuration string.
163 */
164static int is_defined_config(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash)
165{
166 struct item *aux;
167
168 for (aux = hashtab[hash % HASHSZ]; aux; aux = aux->next) {
169 if (aux->hash == hash && aux->len == len &&
170 memcmp(aux->name, name, len) == 0)
171 return 1;
172 }
173 return 0;
174}
175
176/*
177 * Add a new value to the configuration string.
178 */
179static void define_config(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash)
180{
181 struct item *aux = malloc(sizeof(*aux) + len);
182
183 if (!aux) {
184 perror("fixdep:malloc");
185 exit(1);
186 }
187 memcpy(aux->name, name, len);
188 aux->len = len;
189 aux->hash = hash;
190 aux->next = hashtab[hash % HASHSZ];
191 hashtab[hash % HASHSZ] = aux;
192}
193
194/*
195 * Clear the set of configuration strings.
196 */
197static void clear_config(void)
198{
199 struct item *aux, *next;
200 unsigned int i;
201
202 for (i = 0; i < HASHSZ; i++) {
203 for (aux = hashtab[i]; aux; aux = next) {
204 next = aux->next;
205 free(aux);
206 }
207 hashtab[i] = NULL;
208 }
209}
210
211/*
212 * Record the use of a CONFIG_* word.
213 */
214static void use_config(const char *m, int slen)
215{
216 unsigned int hash = strhash(m, slen);
217 int c, i;
218
219 if (is_defined_config(m, slen, hash))
220 return;
221
222 define_config(m, slen, hash);
223
224 printf(" $(wildcard include/config/");
225 for (i = 0; i < slen; i++) {
226 c = m[i];
227 if (c == '_')
228 c = '/';
229 else
230 c = tolower(c);
231 putchar(c);
232 }
233 printf(".h) \\\n");
234}
235
236static void parse_config_file(const char *map, size_t len)
237{
238 const int *end = (const int *) (map + len);
239 /* start at +1, so that p can never be < map */
240 const int *m = (const int *) map + 1;
241 const char *p, *q;
242
243 for (; m < end; m++) {
244 if (*m == INT_CONF) { p = (char *) m ; goto conf; }
245 if (*m == INT_ONFI) { p = (char *) m-1; goto conf; }
246 if (*m == INT_NFIG) { p = (char *) m-2; goto conf; }
247 if (*m == INT_FIG_) { p = (char *) m-3; goto conf; }
248 continue;
249 conf:
250 if (p > map + len - 7)
251 continue;
252 if (memcmp(p, "CONFIG_", 7))
253 continue;
254 for (q = p + 7; q < map + len; q++) {
255 if (!(isalnum(*q) || *q == '_'))
256 goto found;
257 }
258 continue;
259
260 found:
261 if (!memcmp(q - 7, "_MODULE", 7))
262 q -= 7;
263 if( (q-p-7) < 0 )
264 continue;
265 use_config(p+7, q-p-7);
266 }
267}
268
269/* test is s ends in sub */
270static int strrcmp(char *s, char *sub)
271{
272 int slen = strlen(s);
273 int sublen = strlen(sub);
274
275 if (sublen > slen)
276 return 1;
277
278 return memcmp(s + slen - sublen, sub, sublen);
279}
280
281static void do_config_file(const char *filename)
282{
283 struct stat st;
284 int fd;
285 void *map;
286
287 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
288 if (fd < 0) {
289 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: error opening config file: ");
290 perror(filename);
291 exit(2);
292 }
293 fstat(fd, &st);
294 if (st.st_size == 0) {
295 close(fd);
296 return;
297 }
298 map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
299 if ((long) map == -1) {
300 perror("fixdep: mmap");
301 close(fd);
302 return;
303 }
304
305 parse_config_file(map, st.st_size);
306
307 munmap(map, st.st_size);
308
309 close(fd);
310}
311
312/*
313 * Important: The below generated source_foo.o and deps_foo.o variable
314 * assignments are parsed not only by make, but also by the rather simple
315 * parser in scripts/mod/sumversion.c.
316 */
317static void parse_dep_file(void *map, size_t len)
318{
319 char *m = map;
320 char *end = m + len;
321 char *p;
322 char s[PATH_MAX];
323 int first;
324
325 p = strchr(m, ':');
326 if (!p) {
327 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: parse error\n");
328 exit(1);
329 }
330 memcpy(s, m, p-m); s[p-m] = 0;
331 m = p+1;
332
333 clear_config();
334
335 first = 1;
336 while (m < end) {
337 while (m < end && (*m == ' ' || *m == '\\' || *m == '\n'))
338 m++;
339 p = m;
340 while (p < end && *p != ' ') p++;
341 if (p == end) {
342 do p--; while (!isalnum(*p));
343 p++;
344 }
345 memcpy(s, m, p-m); s[p-m] = 0;
346 if (strrcmp(s, "include/generated/autoconf.h") &&
347 strrcmp(s, "arch/um/include/uml-config.h") &&
348 strrcmp(s, "include/linux/kconfig.h") &&
349 strrcmp(s, ".ver")) {
350 /*
351 * Do not list the source file as dependency, so that
352 * kbuild is not confused if a .c file is rewritten
353 * into .S or vice versa. Storing it in source_* is
354 * needed for modpost to compute srcversions.
355 */
356 if (first) {
357 printf("source_%s := %s\n\n", target, s);
358 printf("deps_%s := \\\n", target);
359 } else
360 printf(" %s \\\n", s);
361 do_config_file(s);
362 }
363 first = 0;
364 m = p + 1;
365 }
366 printf("\n%s: $(deps_%s)\n\n", target, target);
367 printf("$(deps_%s):\n", target);
368}
369
370static void print_deps(void)
371{
372 struct stat st;
373 int fd;
374 void *map;
375
376 fd = open(depfile, O_RDONLY);
377 if (fd < 0) {
378 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: error opening depfile: ");
379 perror(depfile);
380 exit(2);
381 }
382 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
383 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: error fstat'ing depfile: ");
384 perror(depfile);
385 exit(2);
386 }
387 if (st.st_size == 0) {
388 fprintf(stderr,"fixdep: %s is empty\n",depfile);
389 close(fd);
390 return;
391 }
392 map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
393 if ((long) map == -1) {
394 perror("fixdep: mmap");
395 close(fd);
396 return;
397 }
398
399 parse_dep_file(map, st.st_size);
400
401 munmap(map, st.st_size);
402
403 close(fd);
404}
405
406static void traps(void)
407{
408 static char test[] __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(int)))) = "CONF";
409 int *p = (int *)test;
410
411 if (*p != INT_CONF) {
412 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: sizeof(int) != 4 or wrong endianess? %#x\n",
413 *p);
414 exit(2);
415 }
416}
417
418int main(int argc, char *argv[])
419{
420 traps();
421
422 if (argc != 4)
423 usage();
424
425 depfile = argv[1];
426 target = argv[2];
427 cmdline = argv[3];
428
429 print_cmdline();
430 print_deps();
431
432 return 0;
433}