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1/*
2 * linux/init/main.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 *
6 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
10 */
11
12#define DEBUG /* Enable initcall_debug */
13
14#include <linux/types.h>
15#include <linux/module.h>
16#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
17#include <linux/kernel.h>
18#include <linux/syscalls.h>
19#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
20#include <linux/string.h>
21#include <linux/ctype.h>
22#include <linux/delay.h>
23#include <linux/ioport.h>
24#include <linux/init.h>
25#include <linux/initrd.h>
26#include <linux/bootmem.h>
27#include <linux/acpi.h>
28#include <linux/tty.h>
29#include <linux/percpu.h>
30#include <linux/kmod.h>
31#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
32#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
33#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
34#include <linux/security.h>
35#include <linux/smp.h>
36#include <linux/profile.h>
37#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
38#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
39#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
40#include <linux/writeback.h>
41#include <linux/cpu.h>
42#include <linux/cpuset.h>
43#include <linux/cgroup.h>
44#include <linux/efi.h>
45#include <linux/tick.h>
46#include <linux/interrupt.h>
47#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
48#include <linux/delayacct.h>
49#include <linux/unistd.h>
50#include <linux/rmap.h>
51#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
52#include <linux/key.h>
53#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
54#include <linux/page_ext.h>
55#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
56#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
57#include <linux/lockdep.h>
58#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
59#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
60#include <linux/device.h>
61#include <linux/kthread.h>
62#include <linux/sched.h>
63#include <linux/signal.h>
64#include <linux/idr.h>
65#include <linux/kgdb.h>
66#include <linux/ftrace.h>
67#include <linux/async.h>
68#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
69#include <linux/sfi.h>
70#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
71#include <linux/slab.h>
72#include <linux/perf_event.h>
73#include <linux/file.h>
74#include <linux/ptrace.h>
75#include <linux/blkdev.h>
76#include <linux/elevator.h>
77#include <linux/sched_clock.h>
78#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
79#include <linux/random.h>
80#include <linux/list.h>
81#include <linux/integrity.h>
82#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
83#include <linux/io.h>
84
85#include <asm/io.h>
86#include <asm/bugs.h>
87#include <asm/setup.h>
88#include <asm/sections.h>
89#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
90
91static int kernel_init(void *);
92
93extern void init_IRQ(void);
94extern void fork_init(void);
95extern void radix_tree_init(void);
96
97/*
98 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
99 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled. This means
100 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
101 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
102 * flag is set.
103 */
104bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
105
106enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
107EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
108
109/*
110 * Boot command-line arguments
111 */
112#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
113#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
114
115extern void time_init(void);
116/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
117void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
118
119/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
120char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
121/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
122char *saved_command_line;
123/* Command line for parameter parsing */
124static char *static_command_line;
125/* Command line for per-initcall parameter parsing */
126static char *initcall_command_line;
127
128static char *execute_command;
129static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
130
131/*
132 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
133 * before jump_label_init is called.
134 */
135bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;
136EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);
137
138/*
139 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
140 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
141 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
142 *
143 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
144 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
145 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
146 */
147unsigned int reset_devices;
148EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
149
150static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
151{
152 reset_devices = 1;
153 return 1;
154}
155
156__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
157
158static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
159const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
160static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
161
162extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
163
164static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
165{
166 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
167 bool had_early_param = false;
168
169 p = __setup_start;
170 do {
171 int n = strlen(p->str);
172 if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
173 if (p->early) {
174 /* Already done in parse_early_param?
175 * (Needs exact match on param part).
176 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
177 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
178 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
179 had_early_param = true;
180 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
181 pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
182 p->str);
183 return true;
184 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
185 return true;
186 }
187 p++;
188 } while (p < __setup_end);
189
190 return had_early_param;
191}
192
193/*
194 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
195 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
196 */
197unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
198EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
199
200static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
201{
202 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
203 return 0;
204}
205
206static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
207{
208 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
209 return 0;
210}
211
212early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
213early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
214
215static int __init loglevel(char *str)
216{
217 int newlevel;
218
219 /*
220 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
221 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
222 * are quite hard to debug
223 */
224 if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
225 console_loglevel = newlevel;
226 return 0;
227 }
228
229 return -EINVAL;
230}
231
232early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
233
234/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
235static int __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val,
236 const char *unused, void *arg)
237{
238 if (val) {
239 /* param=val or param="val"? */
240 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
241 val[-1] = '=';
242 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
243 val[-2] = '=';
244 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
245 val--;
246 } else
247 BUG();
248 }
249 return 0;
250}
251
252/* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */
253static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
254 const char *unused, void *arg)
255{
256 unsigned int i;
257
258 if (panic_later)
259 return 0;
260
261 repair_env_string(param, val, unused, NULL);
262
263 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
264 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
265 panic_later = "init";
266 panic_param = param;
267 return 0;
268 }
269 }
270 argv_init[i] = param;
271 return 0;
272}
273
274/*
275 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
276 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
277 */
278static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
279 const char *unused, void *arg)
280{
281 repair_env_string(param, val, unused, NULL);
282
283 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
284 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
285 return 0;
286
287 /* Unused module parameter. */
288 if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
289 return 0;
290
291 if (panic_later)
292 return 0;
293
294 if (val) {
295 /* Environment option */
296 unsigned int i;
297 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
298 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
299 panic_later = "env";
300 panic_param = param;
301 }
302 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
303 break;
304 }
305 envp_init[i] = param;
306 } else {
307 /* Command line option */
308 unsigned int i;
309 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
310 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
311 panic_later = "init";
312 panic_param = param;
313 }
314 }
315 argv_init[i] = param;
316 }
317 return 0;
318}
319
320static int __init init_setup(char *str)
321{
322 unsigned int i;
323
324 execute_command = str;
325 /*
326 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
327 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
328 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
329 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
330 */
331 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
332 argv_init[i] = NULL;
333 return 1;
334}
335__setup("init=", init_setup);
336
337static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
338{
339 unsigned int i;
340
341 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
342 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
343 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
344 argv_init[i] = NULL;
345 return 1;
346}
347__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
348
349#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
350static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
351static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
352static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
353#endif
354
355/*
356 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
357 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
358 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
359 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
360 */
361static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
362{
363 saved_command_line =
364 memblock_virt_alloc(strlen(boot_command_line) + 1, 0);
365 initcall_command_line =
366 memblock_virt_alloc(strlen(boot_command_line) + 1, 0);
367 static_command_line = memblock_virt_alloc(strlen(command_line) + 1, 0);
368 strcpy(saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
369 strcpy(static_command_line, command_line);
370}
371
372/*
373 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
374 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
375 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
376 * cpu_idle.
377 *
378 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
379 */
380
381static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
382
383static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
384{
385 int pid;
386
387 rcu_scheduler_starting();
388 /*
389 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
390 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
391 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
392 */
393 kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
394 numa_default_policy();
395 pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
396 rcu_read_lock();
397 kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
398 rcu_read_unlock();
399 complete(&kthreadd_done);
400
401 /*
402 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
403 * at least once to get things moving:
404 */
405 init_idle_bootup_task(current);
406 schedule_preempt_disabled();
407 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
408 cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
409}
410
411/* Check for early params. */
412static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
413 const char *unused, void *arg)
414{
415 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
416
417 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
418 if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
419 (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
420 strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
421 ) {
422 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
423 pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
424 }
425 }
426 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
427 return 0;
428}
429
430void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
431{
432 parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
433 do_early_param);
434}
435
436/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
437void __init parse_early_param(void)
438{
439 static int done __initdata;
440 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
441
442 if (done)
443 return;
444
445 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
446 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
447 parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
448 done = 1;
449}
450
451void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
452{
453}
454
455# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
456void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
457{
458}
459#endif
460
461/*
462 * Set up kernel memory allocators
463 */
464static void __init mm_init(void)
465{
466 /*
467 * page_ext requires contiguous pages,
468 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
469 */
470 page_ext_init_flatmem();
471 mem_init();
472 kmem_cache_init();
473 percpu_init_late();
474 pgtable_init();
475 vmalloc_init();
476 ioremap_huge_init();
477}
478
479asmlinkage __visible void __init start_kernel(void)
480{
481 char *command_line;
482 char *after_dashes;
483
484 set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
485 smp_setup_processor_id();
486 debug_objects_early_init();
487
488 /*
489 * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
490 */
491 boot_init_stack_canary();
492
493 cgroup_init_early();
494
495 local_irq_disable();
496 early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
497
498/*
499 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
500 * enable them
501 */
502 boot_cpu_init();
503 page_address_init();
504 pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
505 setup_arch(&command_line);
506 mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
507 setup_command_line(command_line);
508 setup_nr_cpu_ids();
509 setup_per_cpu_areas();
510 boot_cpu_state_init();
511 smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
512
513 build_all_zonelists(NULL, NULL);
514 page_alloc_init();
515
516 pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
517 parse_early_param();
518 after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
519 static_command_line, __start___param,
520 __stop___param - __start___param,
521 -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
522 if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
523 parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
524 NULL, set_init_arg);
525
526 jump_label_init();
527
528 /*
529 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
530 * kmem_cache_init()
531 */
532 setup_log_buf(0);
533 pidhash_init();
534 vfs_caches_init_early();
535 sort_main_extable();
536 trap_init();
537 mm_init();
538
539 /*
540 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
541 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
542 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
543 */
544 sched_init();
545 /*
546 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
547 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
548 */
549 preempt_disable();
550 if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
551 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
552 local_irq_disable();
553 idr_init_cache();
554 rcu_init();
555
556 /* trace_printk() and trace points may be used after this */
557 trace_init();
558
559 context_tracking_init();
560 radix_tree_init();
561 /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
562 early_irq_init();
563 init_IRQ();
564 tick_init();
565 rcu_init_nohz();
566 init_timers();
567 hrtimers_init();
568 softirq_init();
569 timekeeping_init();
570 time_init();
571 sched_clock_postinit();
572 perf_event_init();
573 profile_init();
574 call_function_init();
575 WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");
576 early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
577 local_irq_enable();
578
579 kmem_cache_init_late();
580
581 /*
582 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
583 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
584 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
585 */
586 console_init();
587 if (panic_later)
588 panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
589 panic_param);
590
591 lockdep_info();
592
593 /*
594 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
595 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
596 * too:
597 */
598 locking_selftest();
599
600#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
601 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
602 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
603 pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
604 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
605 min_low_pfn);
606 initrd_start = 0;
607 }
608#endif
609 page_ext_init();
610 debug_objects_mem_init();
611 kmemleak_init();
612 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
613 numa_policy_init();
614 if (late_time_init)
615 late_time_init();
616 sched_clock_init();
617 calibrate_delay();
618 pidmap_init();
619 anon_vma_init();
620 acpi_early_init();
621#ifdef CONFIG_X86
622 if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
623 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
624#endif
625#ifdef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64
626 /* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */
627 init_espfix_bsp();
628#endif
629 thread_info_cache_init();
630 cred_init();
631 fork_init();
632 proc_caches_init();
633 buffer_init();
634 key_init();
635 security_init();
636 dbg_late_init();
637 vfs_caches_init();
638 signals_init();
639 /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
640 page_writeback_init();
641 proc_root_init();
642 nsfs_init();
643 cpuset_init();
644 cgroup_init();
645 taskstats_init_early();
646 delayacct_init();
647
648 check_bugs();
649
650 acpi_subsystem_init();
651 sfi_init_late();
652
653 if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES)) {
654 efi_late_init();
655 efi_free_boot_services();
656 }
657
658 ftrace_init();
659
660 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
661 rest_init();
662}
663
664/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
665static void __init do_ctors(void)
666{
667#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
668 ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
669
670 for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
671 (*fn)();
672#endif
673}
674
675bool initcall_debug;
676core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
677
678#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
679struct blacklist_entry {
680 struct list_head next;
681 char *buf;
682};
683
684static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);
685
686static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
687{
688 char *str_entry;
689 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
690
691 /* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
692 do {
693 str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
694 if (str_entry) {
695 pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
696 entry = alloc_bootmem(sizeof(*entry));
697 entry->buf = alloc_bootmem(strlen(str_entry) + 1);
698 strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
699 list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
700 }
701 } while (str_entry);
702
703 return 0;
704}
705
706static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
707{
708 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
709 char *fn_name;
710
711 fn_name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%pf", fn);
712 if (!fn_name)
713 return false;
714
715 list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
716 if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
717 pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
718 kfree(fn_name);
719 return true;
720 }
721 }
722
723 kfree(fn_name);
724 return false;
725}
726#else
727static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
728{
729 pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
730 return 0;
731}
732
733static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
734{
735 return false;
736}
737#endif
738__setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);
739
740static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
741{
742 ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
743 unsigned long long duration;
744 int ret;
745
746 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
747 calltime = ktime_get();
748 ret = fn();
749 rettime = ktime_get();
750 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
751 duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
752 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
753 fn, ret, duration);
754
755 return ret;
756}
757
758int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
759{
760 int count = preempt_count();
761 int ret;
762 char msgbuf[64];
763
764 if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
765 return -EPERM;
766
767 if (initcall_debug)
768 ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
769 else
770 ret = fn();
771
772 msgbuf[0] = 0;
773
774 if (preempt_count() != count) {
775 sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
776 preempt_count_set(count);
777 }
778 if (irqs_disabled()) {
779 strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
780 local_irq_enable();
781 }
782 WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
783
784 return ret;
785}
786
787
788extern initcall_t __initcall_start[];
789extern initcall_t __initcall0_start[];
790extern initcall_t __initcall1_start[];
791extern initcall_t __initcall2_start[];
792extern initcall_t __initcall3_start[];
793extern initcall_t __initcall4_start[];
794extern initcall_t __initcall5_start[];
795extern initcall_t __initcall6_start[];
796extern initcall_t __initcall7_start[];
797extern initcall_t __initcall_end[];
798
799static initcall_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
800 __initcall0_start,
801 __initcall1_start,
802 __initcall2_start,
803 __initcall3_start,
804 __initcall4_start,
805 __initcall5_start,
806 __initcall6_start,
807 __initcall7_start,
808 __initcall_end,
809};
810
811/* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
812static char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
813 "early",
814 "core",
815 "postcore",
816 "arch",
817 "subsys",
818 "fs",
819 "device",
820 "late",
821};
822
823static void __init do_initcall_level(int level)
824{
825 initcall_t *fn;
826
827 strcpy(initcall_command_line, saved_command_line);
828 parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
829 initcall_command_line, __start___param,
830 __stop___param - __start___param,
831 level, level,
832 NULL, &repair_env_string);
833
834 for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
835 do_one_initcall(*fn);
836}
837
838static void __init do_initcalls(void)
839{
840 int level;
841
842 for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++)
843 do_initcall_level(level);
844}
845
846/*
847 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
848 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
849 * running, and memory and process management works.
850 *
851 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
852 */
853static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
854{
855 cpuset_init_smp();
856 shmem_init();
857 driver_init();
858 init_irq_proc();
859 do_ctors();
860 usermodehelper_enable();
861 do_initcalls();
862 random_int_secret_init();
863}
864
865static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
866{
867 initcall_t *fn;
868
869 for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
870 do_one_initcall(*fn);
871}
872
873/*
874 * This function requests modules which should be loaded by default and is
875 * called twice right after initrd is mounted and right before init is
876 * exec'd. If such modules are on either initrd or rootfs, they will be
877 * loaded before control is passed to userland.
878 */
879void __init load_default_modules(void)
880{
881 load_default_elevator_module();
882}
883
884static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
885{
886 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
887 return do_execve(getname_kernel(init_filename),
888 (const char __user *const __user *)argv_init,
889 (const char __user *const __user *)envp_init);
890}
891
892static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
893{
894 int ret;
895
896 ret = run_init_process(init_filename);
897
898 if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
899 pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
900 init_filename, ret);
901 }
902
903 return ret;
904}
905
906static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);
907
908#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
909static bool rodata_enabled = true;
910static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
911{
912 return strtobool(str, &rodata_enabled);
913}
914__setup("rodata=", set_debug_rodata);
915
916static void mark_readonly(void)
917{
918 if (rodata_enabled)
919 mark_rodata_ro();
920 else
921 pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
922}
923#else
924static inline void mark_readonly(void)
925{
926 pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
927}
928#endif
929
930static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
931{
932 int ret;
933
934 kernel_init_freeable();
935 /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
936 async_synchronize_full();
937 free_initmem();
938 mark_readonly();
939 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
940 numa_default_policy();
941
942 flush_delayed_fput();
943
944 rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
945
946 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
947 ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
948 if (!ret)
949 return 0;
950 pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
951 ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
952 }
953
954 /*
955 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
956 *
957 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
958 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
959 */
960 if (execute_command) {
961 ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
962 if (!ret)
963 return 0;
964 panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
965 execute_command, ret);
966 }
967 if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
968 !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
969 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
970 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
971 return 0;
972
973 panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "
974 "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
975}
976
977static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
978{
979 /*
980 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
981 */
982 wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
983
984 /* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
985 gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
986
987 /*
988 * init can allocate pages on any node
989 */
990 set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
991 /*
992 * init can run on any cpu.
993 */
994 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
995
996 cad_pid = task_pid(current);
997
998 smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
999
1000 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
1001 lockup_detector_init();
1002
1003 smp_init();
1004 sched_init_smp();
1005
1006 page_alloc_init_late();
1007
1008 do_basic_setup();
1009
1010 /* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
1011 if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
1012 pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
1013
1014 (void) sys_dup(0);
1015 (void) sys_dup(0);
1016 /*
1017 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
1018 * the work
1019 */
1020
1021 if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
1022 ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
1023
1024 if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
1025 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
1026 prepare_namespace();
1027 }
1028
1029 /*
1030 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
1031 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
1032 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
1033 *
1034 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
1035 * and default modules
1036 */
1037
1038 integrity_load_keys();
1039 load_default_modules();
1040}
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2/*
3 * linux/init/main.c
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 *
7 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
8 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
9 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
10 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
11 */
12
13#define DEBUG /* Enable initcall_debug */
14
15#include <linux/types.h>
16#include <linux/extable.h>
17#include <linux/module.h>
18#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
19#include <linux/binfmts.h>
20#include <linux/kernel.h>
21#include <linux/syscalls.h>
22#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
23#include <linux/string.h>
24#include <linux/ctype.h>
25#include <linux/delay.h>
26#include <linux/ioport.h>
27#include <linux/init.h>
28#include <linux/initrd.h>
29#include <linux/memblock.h>
30#include <linux/acpi.h>
31#include <linux/bootconfig.h>
32#include <linux/console.h>
33#include <linux/nmi.h>
34#include <linux/percpu.h>
35#include <linux/kmod.h>
36#include <linux/kprobes.h>
37#include <linux/kmsan.h>
38#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
39#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
40#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
41#include <linux/security.h>
42#include <linux/smp.h>
43#include <linux/profile.h>
44#include <linux/kfence.h>
45#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
46#include <linux/srcu.h>
47#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
48#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
49#include <linux/buildid.h>
50#include <linux/writeback.h>
51#include <linux/cpu.h>
52#include <linux/cpuset.h>
53#include <linux/cgroup.h>
54#include <linux/efi.h>
55#include <linux/tick.h>
56#include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
57#include <linux/interrupt.h>
58#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
59#include <linux/delayacct.h>
60#include <linux/unistd.h>
61#include <linux/utsname.h>
62#include <linux/rmap.h>
63#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
64#include <linux/key.h>
65#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
66#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
67#include <linux/lockdep.h>
68#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
69#include <linux/padata.h>
70#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
71#include <linux/device/driver.h>
72#include <linux/kthread.h>
73#include <linux/sched.h>
74#include <linux/sched/init.h>
75#include <linux/signal.h>
76#include <linux/idr.h>
77#include <linux/kgdb.h>
78#include <linux/ftrace.h>
79#include <linux/async.h>
80#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
81#include <linux/slab.h>
82#include <linux/perf_event.h>
83#include <linux/ptrace.h>
84#include <linux/pti.h>
85#include <linux/blkdev.h>
86#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
87#include <linux/sched/task.h>
88#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
89#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
90#include <linux/random.h>
91#include <linux/list.h>
92#include <linux/integrity.h>
93#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
94#include <linux/io.h>
95#include <linux/cache.h>
96#include <linux/rodata_test.h>
97#include <linux/jump_label.h>
98#include <linux/kcsan.h>
99#include <linux/init_syscalls.h>
100#include <linux/stackdepot.h>
101#include <linux/randomize_kstack.h>
102#include <net/net_namespace.h>
103
104#include <asm/io.h>
105#include <asm/setup.h>
106#include <asm/sections.h>
107#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
108
109#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
110#include <trace/events/initcall.h>
111
112#include <kunit/test.h>
113
114static int kernel_init(void *);
115
116/*
117 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
118 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled. This means
119 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
120 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
121 * flag is set.
122 */
123bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
124
125enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
126EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
127
128/*
129 * Boot command-line arguments
130 */
131#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
132#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
133
134/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
135void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
136
137/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
138char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
139/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
140char *saved_command_line __ro_after_init;
141unsigned int saved_command_line_len __ro_after_init;
142/* Command line for parameter parsing */
143static char *static_command_line;
144/* Untouched extra command line */
145static char *extra_command_line;
146/* Extra init arguments */
147static char *extra_init_args;
148
149#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
150/* Is bootconfig on command line? */
151static bool bootconfig_found;
152static size_t initargs_offs;
153#else
154# define bootconfig_found false
155# define initargs_offs 0
156#endif
157
158static char *execute_command;
159static char *ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
160
161/*
162 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
163 * before jump_label_init is called.
164 */
165bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;
166EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);
167
168/*
169 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
170 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
171 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
172 *
173 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
174 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
175 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
176 */
177unsigned int reset_devices;
178EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
179
180static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
181{
182 reset_devices = 1;
183 return 1;
184}
185
186__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
187
188static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
189const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
190static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
191
192static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
193{
194 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
195 bool had_early_param = false;
196
197 p = __setup_start;
198 do {
199 int n = strlen(p->str);
200 if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
201 if (p->early) {
202 /* Already done in parse_early_param?
203 * (Needs exact match on param part).
204 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
205 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
206 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
207 had_early_param = true;
208 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
209 pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
210 p->str);
211 return true;
212 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
213 return true;
214 }
215 p++;
216 } while (p < __setup_end);
217
218 return had_early_param;
219}
220
221/*
222 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
223 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
224 */
225unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
226EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
227
228static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
229{
230 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
231 return 0;
232}
233
234static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
235{
236 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
237 return 0;
238}
239
240early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
241early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
242
243static int __init loglevel(char *str)
244{
245 int newlevel;
246
247 /*
248 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
249 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
250 * are quite hard to debug
251 */
252 if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
253 console_loglevel = newlevel;
254 return 0;
255 }
256
257 return -EINVAL;
258}
259
260early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
261
262#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
263static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t *_size)
264{
265 u32 size, csum;
266 char *data;
267 u32 *hdr;
268 int i;
269
270 if (!initrd_end)
271 return NULL;
272
273 data = (char *)initrd_end - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN;
274 /*
275 * Since Grub may align the size of initrd to 4, we must
276 * check the preceding 3 bytes as well.
277 */
278 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
279 if (!memcmp(data, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN))
280 goto found;
281 data--;
282 }
283 return NULL;
284
285found:
286 hdr = (u32 *)(data - 8);
287 size = le32_to_cpu(hdr[0]);
288 csum = le32_to_cpu(hdr[1]);
289
290 data = ((void *)hdr) - size;
291 if ((unsigned long)data < initrd_start) {
292 pr_err("bootconfig size %d is greater than initrd size %ld\n",
293 size, initrd_end - initrd_start);
294 return NULL;
295 }
296
297 if (xbc_calc_checksum(data, size) != csum) {
298 pr_err("bootconfig checksum failed\n");
299 return NULL;
300 }
301
302 /* Remove bootconfig from initramfs/initrd */
303 initrd_end = (unsigned long)data;
304 if (_size)
305 *_size = size;
306
307 return data;
308}
309#else
310static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t *_size)
311{
312 return NULL;
313}
314#endif
315
316#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
317
318static char xbc_namebuf[XBC_KEYLEN_MAX] __initdata;
319
320#define rest(dst, end) ((end) > (dst) ? (end) - (dst) : 0)
321
322static int __init xbc_snprint_cmdline(char *buf, size_t size,
323 struct xbc_node *root)
324{
325 struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode;
326 char *end = buf + size;
327 const char *val;
328 int ret;
329
330 xbc_node_for_each_key_value(root, knode, val) {
331 ret = xbc_node_compose_key_after(root, knode,
332 xbc_namebuf, XBC_KEYLEN_MAX);
333 if (ret < 0)
334 return ret;
335
336 vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode);
337 if (!vnode) {
338 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s ", xbc_namebuf);
339 if (ret < 0)
340 return ret;
341 buf += ret;
342 continue;
343 }
344 xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {
345 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s=\"%s\" ",
346 xbc_namebuf, val);
347 if (ret < 0)
348 return ret;
349 buf += ret;
350 }
351 }
352
353 return buf - (end - size);
354}
355#undef rest
356
357/* Make an extra command line under given key word */
358static char * __init xbc_make_cmdline(const char *key)
359{
360 struct xbc_node *root;
361 char *new_cmdline;
362 int ret, len = 0;
363
364 root = xbc_find_node(key);
365 if (!root)
366 return NULL;
367
368 /* Count required buffer size */
369 len = xbc_snprint_cmdline(NULL, 0, root);
370 if (len <= 0)
371 return NULL;
372
373 new_cmdline = memblock_alloc(len + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
374 if (!new_cmdline) {
375 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for extra kernel cmdline.\n");
376 return NULL;
377 }
378
379 ret = xbc_snprint_cmdline(new_cmdline, len + 1, root);
380 if (ret < 0 || ret > len) {
381 pr_err("Failed to print extra kernel cmdline.\n");
382 memblock_free(new_cmdline, len + 1);
383 return NULL;
384 }
385
386 return new_cmdline;
387}
388
389static int __init bootconfig_params(char *param, char *val,
390 const char *unused, void *arg)
391{
392 if (strcmp(param, "bootconfig") == 0) {
393 bootconfig_found = true;
394 }
395 return 0;
396}
397
398static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
399{
400 /* The 'bootconfig' has been handled by bootconfig_params(). */
401 return 0;
402}
403
404static void __init setup_boot_config(void)
405{
406 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
407 const char *msg, *data;
408 int pos, ret;
409 size_t size;
410 char *err;
411
412 /* Cut out the bootconfig data even if we have no bootconfig option */
413 data = get_boot_config_from_initrd(&size);
414 /* If there is no bootconfig in initrd, try embedded one. */
415 if (!data)
416 data = xbc_get_embedded_bootconfig(&size);
417
418 strscpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
419 err = parse_args("bootconfig", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
420 bootconfig_params);
421
422 if (IS_ERR(err) || !(bootconfig_found || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_FORCE)))
423 return;
424
425 /* parse_args() stops at the next param of '--' and returns an address */
426 if (err)
427 initargs_offs = err - tmp_cmdline;
428
429 if (!data) {
430 /* If user intended to use bootconfig, show an error level message */
431 if (bootconfig_found)
432 pr_err("'bootconfig' found on command line, but no bootconfig found\n");
433 else
434 pr_info("No bootconfig data provided, so skipping bootconfig");
435 return;
436 }
437
438 if (size >= XBC_DATA_MAX) {
439 pr_err("bootconfig size %ld greater than max size %d\n",
440 (long)size, XBC_DATA_MAX);
441 return;
442 }
443
444 ret = xbc_init(data, size, &msg, &pos);
445 if (ret < 0) {
446 if (pos < 0)
447 pr_err("Failed to init bootconfig: %s.\n", msg);
448 else
449 pr_err("Failed to parse bootconfig: %s at %d.\n",
450 msg, pos);
451 } else {
452 xbc_get_info(&ret, NULL);
453 pr_info("Load bootconfig: %ld bytes %d nodes\n", (long)size, ret);
454 /* keys starting with "kernel." are passed via cmdline */
455 extra_command_line = xbc_make_cmdline("kernel");
456 /* Also, "init." keys are init arguments */
457 extra_init_args = xbc_make_cmdline("init");
458 }
459 return;
460}
461
462static void __init exit_boot_config(void)
463{
464 xbc_exit();
465}
466
467#else /* !CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG */
468
469static void __init setup_boot_config(void)
470{
471 /* Remove bootconfig data from initrd */
472 get_boot_config_from_initrd(NULL);
473}
474
475static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
476{
477 pr_warn("WARNING: 'bootconfig' found on the kernel command line but CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG is not set.\n");
478 return 0;
479}
480
481#define exit_boot_config() do {} while (0)
482
483#endif /* CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG */
484
485early_param("bootconfig", warn_bootconfig);
486
487/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
488static void __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val)
489{
490 if (val) {
491 /* param=val or param="val"? */
492 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
493 val[-1] = '=';
494 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
495 val[-2] = '=';
496 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
497 } else
498 BUG();
499 }
500}
501
502/* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */
503static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
504 const char *unused, void *arg)
505{
506 unsigned int i;
507
508 if (panic_later)
509 return 0;
510
511 repair_env_string(param, val);
512
513 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
514 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
515 panic_later = "init";
516 panic_param = param;
517 return 0;
518 }
519 }
520 argv_init[i] = param;
521 return 0;
522}
523
524/*
525 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
526 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
527 */
528static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
529 const char *unused, void *arg)
530{
531 size_t len = strlen(param);
532
533 /* Handle params aliased to sysctls */
534 if (sysctl_is_alias(param))
535 return 0;
536
537 repair_env_string(param, val);
538
539 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
540 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
541 return 0;
542
543 /* Unused module parameter. */
544 if (strnchr(param, len, '.'))
545 return 0;
546
547 if (panic_later)
548 return 0;
549
550 if (val) {
551 /* Environment option */
552 unsigned int i;
553 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
554 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
555 panic_later = "env";
556 panic_param = param;
557 }
558 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], len+1))
559 break;
560 }
561 envp_init[i] = param;
562 } else {
563 /* Command line option */
564 unsigned int i;
565 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
566 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
567 panic_later = "init";
568 panic_param = param;
569 }
570 }
571 argv_init[i] = param;
572 }
573 return 0;
574}
575
576static int __init init_setup(char *str)
577{
578 unsigned int i;
579
580 execute_command = str;
581 /*
582 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
583 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
584 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
585 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
586 */
587 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
588 argv_init[i] = NULL;
589 return 1;
590}
591__setup("init=", init_setup);
592
593static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
594{
595 unsigned int i;
596
597 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
598 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
599 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
600 argv_init[i] = NULL;
601 return 1;
602}
603__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
604
605#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
606static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
607static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
608static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
609#endif
610
611/*
612 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
613 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
614 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
615 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
616 */
617static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
618{
619 size_t len, xlen = 0, ilen = 0;
620
621 if (extra_command_line)
622 xlen = strlen(extra_command_line);
623 if (extra_init_args)
624 ilen = strlen(extra_init_args) + 4; /* for " -- " */
625
626 len = xlen + strlen(boot_command_line) + 1;
627
628 saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len + ilen, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
629 if (!saved_command_line)
630 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len + ilen);
631
632 static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
633 if (!static_command_line)
634 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
635
636 if (xlen) {
637 /*
638 * We have to put extra_command_line before boot command
639 * lines because there could be dashes (separator of init
640 * command line) in the command lines.
641 */
642 strcpy(saved_command_line, extra_command_line);
643 strcpy(static_command_line, extra_command_line);
644 }
645 strcpy(saved_command_line + xlen, boot_command_line);
646 strcpy(static_command_line + xlen, command_line);
647
648 if (ilen) {
649 /*
650 * Append supplemental init boot args to saved_command_line
651 * so that user can check what command line options passed
652 * to init.
653 * The order should always be
654 * " -- "[bootconfig init-param][cmdline init-param]
655 */
656 if (initargs_offs) {
657 len = xlen + initargs_offs;
658 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
659 len += ilen - 4; /* strlen(extra_init_args) */
660 strcpy(saved_command_line + len,
661 boot_command_line + initargs_offs - 1);
662 } else {
663 len = strlen(saved_command_line);
664 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, " -- ");
665 len += 4;
666 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
667 }
668 }
669
670 saved_command_line_len = strlen(saved_command_line);
671}
672
673/*
674 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
675 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
676 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
677 * cpu_idle.
678 *
679 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
680 */
681
682static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
683
684noinline void __ref __noreturn rest_init(void)
685{
686 struct task_struct *tsk;
687 int pid;
688
689 rcu_scheduler_starting();
690 /*
691 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
692 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
693 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
694 */
695 pid = user_mode_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
696 /*
697 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
698 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
699 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
700 */
701 rcu_read_lock();
702 tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
703 tsk->flags |= PF_NO_SETAFFINITY;
704 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
705 rcu_read_unlock();
706
707 numa_default_policy();
708 pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
709 rcu_read_lock();
710 kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
711 rcu_read_unlock();
712
713 /*
714 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.
715 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y
716 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
717 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
718 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
719 */
720 system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;
721
722 complete(&kthreadd_done);
723
724 /*
725 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
726 * at least once to get things moving:
727 */
728 schedule_preempt_disabled();
729 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
730 cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
731}
732
733/* Check for early params. */
734static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
735 const char *unused, void *arg)
736{
737 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
738
739 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
740 if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
741 (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
742 strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
743 ) {
744 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
745 pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
746 }
747 }
748 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
749 return 0;
750}
751
752void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
753{
754 parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
755 do_early_param);
756}
757
758/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
759void __init parse_early_param(void)
760{
761 static int done __initdata;
762 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
763
764 if (done)
765 return;
766
767 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
768 strscpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
769 parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
770 done = 1;
771}
772
773void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }
774
775void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
776{
777}
778
779# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
780void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)
781{
782}
783#endif
784
785void __init __weak poking_init(void) { }
786
787void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { }
788
789void __init __weak trap_init(void) { }
790
791bool initcall_debug;
792core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
793
794#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
795static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void);
796#else
797static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void)
798{
799}
800#endif
801
802#ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
803DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE_RO(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT,
804 randomize_kstack_offset);
805DEFINE_PER_CPU(u32, kstack_offset);
806
807static int __init early_randomize_kstack_offset(char *buf)
808{
809 int ret;
810 bool bool_result;
811
812 ret = kstrtobool(buf, &bool_result);
813 if (ret)
814 return ret;
815
816 if (bool_result)
817 static_branch_enable(&randomize_kstack_offset);
818 else
819 static_branch_disable(&randomize_kstack_offset);
820 return 0;
821}
822early_param("randomize_kstack_offset", early_randomize_kstack_offset);
823#endif
824
825void __init __weak __noreturn arch_call_rest_init(void)
826{
827 rest_init();
828}
829
830static void __init print_unknown_bootoptions(void)
831{
832 char *unknown_options;
833 char *end;
834 const char *const *p;
835 size_t len;
836
837 if (panic_later || (!argv_init[1] && !envp_init[2]))
838 return;
839
840 /*
841 * Determine how many options we have to print out, plus a space
842 * before each
843 */
844 len = 1; /* null terminator */
845 for (p = &argv_init[1]; *p; p++) {
846 len++;
847 len += strlen(*p);
848 }
849 for (p = &envp_init[2]; *p; p++) {
850 len++;
851 len += strlen(*p);
852 }
853
854 unknown_options = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
855 if (!unknown_options) {
856 pr_err("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
857 __func__, len);
858 return;
859 }
860 end = unknown_options;
861
862 for (p = &argv_init[1]; *p; p++)
863 end += sprintf(end, " %s", *p);
864 for (p = &envp_init[2]; *p; p++)
865 end += sprintf(end, " %s", *p);
866
867 /* Start at unknown_options[1] to skip the initial space */
868 pr_notice("Unknown kernel command line parameters \"%s\", will be passed to user space.\n",
869 &unknown_options[1]);
870 memblock_free(unknown_options, len);
871}
872
873asmlinkage __visible __init __no_sanitize_address __noreturn __no_stack_protector
874void start_kernel(void)
875{
876 char *command_line;
877 char *after_dashes;
878
879 set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
880 smp_setup_processor_id();
881 debug_objects_early_init();
882 init_vmlinux_build_id();
883
884 cgroup_init_early();
885
886 local_irq_disable();
887 early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
888
889 /*
890 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
891 * enable them.
892 */
893 boot_cpu_init();
894 page_address_init();
895 pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
896 early_security_init();
897 setup_arch(&command_line);
898 setup_boot_config();
899 setup_command_line(command_line);
900 setup_nr_cpu_ids();
901 setup_per_cpu_areas();
902 smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
903 boot_cpu_hotplug_init();
904
905 pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
906 /* parameters may set static keys */
907 jump_label_init();
908 parse_early_param();
909 after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
910 static_command_line, __start___param,
911 __stop___param - __start___param,
912 -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
913 print_unknown_bootoptions();
914 if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
915 parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
916 NULL, set_init_arg);
917 if (extra_init_args)
918 parse_args("Setting extra init args", extra_init_args,
919 NULL, 0, -1, -1, NULL, set_init_arg);
920
921 /* Architectural and non-timekeeping rng init, before allocator init */
922 random_init_early(command_line);
923
924 /*
925 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
926 * initalization of page allocator
927 */
928 setup_log_buf(0);
929 vfs_caches_init_early();
930 sort_main_extable();
931 trap_init();
932 mm_core_init();
933 poking_init();
934 ftrace_init();
935
936 /* trace_printk can be enabled here */
937 early_trace_init();
938
939 /*
940 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
941 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
942 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
943 */
944 sched_init();
945
946 if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
947 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
948 local_irq_disable();
949 radix_tree_init();
950 maple_tree_init();
951
952 /*
953 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound
954 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account.
955 */
956 housekeeping_init();
957
958 /*
959 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
960 * early. Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
961 * workqueue_init().
962 */
963 workqueue_init_early();
964
965 rcu_init();
966
967 /* Trace events are available after this */
968 trace_init();
969
970 if (initcall_debug)
971 initcall_debug_enable();
972
973 context_tracking_init();
974 /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
975 early_irq_init();
976 init_IRQ();
977 tick_init();
978 rcu_init_nohz();
979 init_timers();
980 srcu_init();
981 hrtimers_init();
982 softirq_init();
983 timekeeping_init();
984 time_init();
985
986 /* This must be after timekeeping is initialized */
987 random_init();
988
989 /* These make use of the fully initialized rng */
990 kfence_init();
991 boot_init_stack_canary();
992
993 perf_event_init();
994 profile_init();
995 call_function_init();
996 WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");
997
998 early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
999 local_irq_enable();
1000
1001 kmem_cache_init_late();
1002
1003 /*
1004 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
1005 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
1006 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
1007 */
1008 console_init();
1009 if (panic_later)
1010 panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
1011 panic_param);
1012
1013 lockdep_init();
1014
1015 /*
1016 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
1017 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
1018 * too:
1019 */
1020 locking_selftest();
1021
1022#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
1023 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
1024 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
1025 pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
1026 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
1027 min_low_pfn);
1028 initrd_start = 0;
1029 }
1030#endif
1031 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
1032 numa_policy_init();
1033 acpi_early_init();
1034 if (late_time_init)
1035 late_time_init();
1036 sched_clock_init();
1037 calibrate_delay();
1038
1039 arch_cpu_finalize_init();
1040
1041 pid_idr_init();
1042 anon_vma_init();
1043#ifdef CONFIG_X86
1044 if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
1045 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
1046#endif
1047 thread_stack_cache_init();
1048 cred_init();
1049 fork_init();
1050 proc_caches_init();
1051 uts_ns_init();
1052 key_init();
1053 security_init();
1054 dbg_late_init();
1055 net_ns_init();
1056 vfs_caches_init();
1057 pagecache_init();
1058 signals_init();
1059 seq_file_init();
1060 proc_root_init();
1061 nsfs_init();
1062 cpuset_init();
1063 cgroup_init();
1064 taskstats_init_early();
1065 delayacct_init();
1066
1067 acpi_subsystem_init();
1068 arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
1069 kcsan_init();
1070
1071 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
1072 arch_call_rest_init();
1073
1074 /*
1075 * Avoid stack canaries in callers of boot_init_stack_canary for gcc-10
1076 * and older.
1077 */
1078#if !__has_attribute(__no_stack_protector__)
1079 prevent_tail_call_optimization();
1080#endif
1081}
1082
1083/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
1084static void __init do_ctors(void)
1085{
1086/*
1087 * For UML, the constructors have already been called by the
1088 * normal setup code as it's just a normal ELF binary, so we
1089 * cannot do it again - but we do need CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
1090 * even on UML for modules.
1091 */
1092#if defined(CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS) && !defined(CONFIG_UML)
1093 ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
1094
1095 for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
1096 (*fn)();
1097#endif
1098}
1099
1100#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
1101struct blacklist_entry {
1102 struct list_head next;
1103 char *buf;
1104};
1105
1106static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);
1107
1108static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1109{
1110 char *str_entry;
1111 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1112
1113 /* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
1114 do {
1115 str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
1116 if (str_entry) {
1117 pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
1118 entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry),
1119 SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1120 if (!entry)
1121 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1122 __func__, sizeof(*entry));
1123 entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1,
1124 SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1125 if (!entry->buf)
1126 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1127 __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1);
1128 strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
1129 list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
1130 }
1131 } while (str_entry);
1132
1133 return 1;
1134}
1135
1136static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1137{
1138 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1139 char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
1140 unsigned long addr;
1141
1142 if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))
1143 return false;
1144
1145 addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
1146 sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);
1147
1148 /*
1149 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
1150 * displayed for built-in init functions. Strip off the [module_name].
1151 */
1152 strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');
1153
1154 list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
1155 if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
1156 pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
1157 return true;
1158 }
1159 }
1160
1161 return false;
1162}
1163#else
1164static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1165{
1166 pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
1167 return 0;
1168}
1169
1170static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1171{
1172 return false;
1173}
1174#endif
1175__setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);
1176
1177static __init_or_module void
1178trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn)
1179{
1180 ktime_t *calltime = data;
1181
1182 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %pS @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
1183 *calltime = ktime_get();
1184}
1185
1186static __init_or_module void
1187trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret)
1188{
1189 ktime_t rettime, *calltime = data;
1190
1191 rettime = ktime_get();
1192 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
1193 fn, ret, (unsigned long long)ktime_us_delta(rettime, *calltime));
1194}
1195
1196static ktime_t initcall_calltime;
1197
1198#ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
1199static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void)
1200{
1201 int ret;
1202
1203 ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb,
1204 &initcall_calltime);
1205 ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb,
1206 &initcall_calltime);
1207 WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints\n");
1208}
1209# define do_trace_initcall_start trace_initcall_start
1210# define do_trace_initcall_finish trace_initcall_finish
1211#else
1212static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)
1213{
1214 if (!initcall_debug)
1215 return;
1216 trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn);
1217}
1218static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret)
1219{
1220 if (!initcall_debug)
1221 return;
1222 trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret);
1223}
1224#endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */
1225
1226int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
1227{
1228 int count = preempt_count();
1229 char msgbuf[64];
1230 int ret;
1231
1232 if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
1233 return -EPERM;
1234
1235 do_trace_initcall_start(fn);
1236 ret = fn();
1237 do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret);
1238
1239 msgbuf[0] = 0;
1240
1241 if (preempt_count() != count) {
1242 sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
1243 preempt_count_set(count);
1244 }
1245 if (irqs_disabled()) {
1246 strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
1247 local_irq_enable();
1248 }
1249 WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
1250
1251 add_latent_entropy();
1252 return ret;
1253}
1254
1255
1256static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
1257 __initcall0_start,
1258 __initcall1_start,
1259 __initcall2_start,
1260 __initcall3_start,
1261 __initcall4_start,
1262 __initcall5_start,
1263 __initcall6_start,
1264 __initcall7_start,
1265 __initcall_end,
1266};
1267
1268/* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
1269static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
1270 "pure",
1271 "core",
1272 "postcore",
1273 "arch",
1274 "subsys",
1275 "fs",
1276 "device",
1277 "late",
1278};
1279
1280static int __init ignore_unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
1281 const char *unused, void *arg)
1282{
1283 return 0;
1284}
1285
1286static void __init do_initcall_level(int level, char *command_line)
1287{
1288 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1289
1290 parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
1291 command_line, __start___param,
1292 __stop___param - __start___param,
1293 level, level,
1294 NULL, ignore_unknown_bootoption);
1295
1296 trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]);
1297 for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
1298 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1299}
1300
1301static void __init do_initcalls(void)
1302{
1303 int level;
1304 size_t len = saved_command_line_len + 1;
1305 char *command_line;
1306
1307 command_line = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
1308 if (!command_line)
1309 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
1310
1311 for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++) {
1312 /* Parser modifies command_line, restore it each time */
1313 strcpy(command_line, saved_command_line);
1314 do_initcall_level(level, command_line);
1315 }
1316
1317 kfree(command_line);
1318}
1319
1320/*
1321 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
1322 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
1323 * running, and memory and process management works.
1324 *
1325 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
1326 */
1327static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
1328{
1329 cpuset_init_smp();
1330 driver_init();
1331 init_irq_proc();
1332 do_ctors();
1333 do_initcalls();
1334}
1335
1336static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
1337{
1338 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1339
1340 trace_initcall_level("early");
1341 for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
1342 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1343}
1344
1345static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1346{
1347 const char *const *p;
1348
1349 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
1350 pr_info("Run %s as init process\n", init_filename);
1351 pr_debug(" with arguments:\n");
1352 for (p = argv_init; *p; p++)
1353 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1354 pr_debug(" with environment:\n");
1355 for (p = envp_init; *p; p++)
1356 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1357 return kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
1358}
1359
1360static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1361{
1362 int ret;
1363
1364 ret = run_init_process(init_filename);
1365
1366 if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
1367 pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
1368 init_filename, ret);
1369 }
1370
1371 return ret;
1372}
1373
1374static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);
1375
1376#if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)
1377bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;
1378
1379#ifndef arch_parse_debug_rodata
1380static inline bool arch_parse_debug_rodata(char *str) { return false; }
1381#endif
1382
1383static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
1384{
1385 if (arch_parse_debug_rodata(str))
1386 return 0;
1387
1388 if (str && !strcmp(str, "on"))
1389 rodata_enabled = true;
1390 else if (str && !strcmp(str, "off"))
1391 rodata_enabled = false;
1392 else
1393 pr_warn("Invalid option string for rodata: '%s'\n", str);
1394 return 0;
1395}
1396early_param("rodata", set_debug_rodata);
1397#endif
1398
1399#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1400static void mark_readonly(void)
1401{
1402 if (rodata_enabled) {
1403 /*
1404 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned
1405 * up with call_rcu(). Let's make sure that queued work is
1406 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for
1407 * insecure pages which are W+X.
1408 */
1409 rcu_barrier();
1410 mark_rodata_ro();
1411 rodata_test();
1412 } else
1413 pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
1414}
1415#elif defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX)
1416static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1417{
1418 pr_warn("Kernel memory protection not selected by kernel config.\n");
1419}
1420#else
1421static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1422{
1423 pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
1424}
1425#endif
1426
1427void __weak free_initmem(void)
1428{
1429 free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
1430}
1431
1432static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
1433{
1434 int ret;
1435
1436 /*
1437 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
1438 */
1439 wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
1440
1441 kernel_init_freeable();
1442 /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
1443 async_synchronize_full();
1444
1445 system_state = SYSTEM_FREEING_INITMEM;
1446 kprobe_free_init_mem();
1447 ftrace_free_init_mem();
1448 kgdb_free_init_mem();
1449 exit_boot_config();
1450 free_initmem();
1451 mark_readonly();
1452
1453 /*
1454 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
1455 * to finalize PTI.
1456 */
1457 pti_finalize();
1458
1459 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
1460 numa_default_policy();
1461
1462 rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
1463
1464 do_sysctl_args();
1465
1466 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
1467 ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
1468 if (!ret)
1469 return 0;
1470 pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
1471 ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
1472 }
1473
1474 /*
1475 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
1476 *
1477 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
1478 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
1479 */
1480 if (execute_command) {
1481 ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
1482 if (!ret)
1483 return 0;
1484 panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
1485 execute_command, ret);
1486 }
1487
1488 if (CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT[0] != '\0') {
1489 ret = run_init_process(CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT);
1490 if (ret)
1491 pr_err("Default init %s failed (error %d)\n",
1492 CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT, ret);
1493 else
1494 return 0;
1495 }
1496
1497 if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
1498 !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
1499 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
1500 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
1501 return 0;
1502
1503 panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "
1504 "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
1505}
1506
1507/* Open /dev/console, for stdin/stdout/stderr, this should never fail */
1508void __init console_on_rootfs(void)
1509{
1510 struct file *file = filp_open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0);
1511
1512 if (IS_ERR(file)) {
1513 pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
1514 return;
1515 }
1516 init_dup(file);
1517 init_dup(file);
1518 init_dup(file);
1519 fput(file);
1520}
1521
1522static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
1523{
1524 /* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
1525 gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
1526
1527 /*
1528 * init can allocate pages on any node
1529 */
1530 set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
1531
1532 cad_pid = get_pid(task_pid(current));
1533
1534 smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
1535
1536 workqueue_init();
1537
1538 init_mm_internals();
1539
1540 rcu_init_tasks_generic();
1541 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
1542 lockup_detector_init();
1543
1544 smp_init();
1545 sched_init_smp();
1546
1547 workqueue_init_topology();
1548 padata_init();
1549 page_alloc_init_late();
1550
1551 do_basic_setup();
1552
1553 kunit_run_all_tests();
1554
1555 wait_for_initramfs();
1556 console_on_rootfs();
1557
1558 /*
1559 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
1560 * the work
1561 */
1562 if (init_eaccess(ramdisk_execute_command) != 0) {
1563 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
1564 prepare_namespace();
1565 }
1566
1567 /*
1568 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
1569 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
1570 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
1571 *
1572 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
1573 * and default modules
1574 */
1575
1576 integrity_load_keys();
1577}