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1/*
2 * This file is part of UBIFS.
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
5 *
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
7 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation.
9 *
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
13 * more details.
14 *
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
16 * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
17 * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
18 *
19 * Authors: Adrian Hunter
20 * Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
21 */
22
23/*
24 * This file implements the budgeting sub-system which is responsible for UBIFS
25 * space management.
26 *
27 * Factors such as compression, wasted space at the ends of LEBs, space in other
28 * journal heads, the effect of updates on the index, and so on, make it
29 * impossible to accurately predict the amount of space needed. Consequently
30 * approximations are used.
31 */
32
33#include "ubifs.h"
34#include <linux/writeback.h>
35#include <linux/math64.h>
36
37/*
38 * When pessimistic budget calculations say that there is no enough space,
39 * UBIFS starts writing back dirty inodes and pages, doing garbage collection,
40 * or committing. The below constant defines maximum number of times UBIFS
41 * repeats the operations.
42 */
43#define MAX_MKSPC_RETRIES 3
44
45/*
46 * The below constant defines amount of dirty pages which should be written
47 * back at when trying to shrink the liability.
48 */
49#define NR_TO_WRITE 16
50
51/**
52 * shrink_liability - write-back some dirty pages/inodes.
53 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
54 * @nr_to_write: how many dirty pages to write-back
55 *
56 * This function shrinks UBIFS liability by means of writing back some amount
57 * of dirty inodes and their pages.
58 *
59 * Note, this function synchronizes even VFS inodes which are locked
60 * (@i_mutex) by the caller of the budgeting function, because write-back does
61 * not touch @i_mutex.
62 */
63static void shrink_liability(struct ubifs_info *c, int nr_to_write)
64{
65 down_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
66 writeback_inodes_sb(c->vfs_sb, WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE);
67 up_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
68}
69
70/**
71 * run_gc - run garbage collector.
72 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
73 *
74 * This function runs garbage collector to make some more free space. Returns
75 * zero if a free LEB has been produced, %-EAGAIN if commit is required, and a
76 * negative error code in case of failure.
77 */
78static int run_gc(struct ubifs_info *c)
79{
80 int err, lnum;
81
82 /* Make some free space by garbage-collecting dirty space */
83 down_read(&c->commit_sem);
84 lnum = ubifs_garbage_collect(c, 1);
85 up_read(&c->commit_sem);
86 if (lnum < 0)
87 return lnum;
88
89 /* GC freed one LEB, return it to lprops */
90 dbg_budg("GC freed LEB %d", lnum);
91 err = ubifs_return_leb(c, lnum);
92 if (err)
93 return err;
94 return 0;
95}
96
97/**
98 * get_liability - calculate current liability.
99 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
100 *
101 * This function calculates and returns current UBIFS liability, i.e. the
102 * amount of bytes UBIFS has "promised" to write to the media.
103 */
104static long long get_liability(struct ubifs_info *c)
105{
106 long long liab;
107
108 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
109 liab = c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
110 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
111 return liab;
112}
113
114/**
115 * make_free_space - make more free space on the file-system.
116 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
117 *
118 * This function is called when an operation cannot be budgeted because there
119 * is supposedly no free space. But in most cases there is some free space:
120 * o budgeting is pessimistic, so it always budgets more than it is actually
121 * needed, so shrinking the liability is one way to make free space - the
122 * cached data will take less space then it was budgeted for;
123 * o GC may turn some dark space into free space (budgeting treats dark space
124 * as not available);
125 * o commit may free some LEB, i.e., turn freeable LEBs into free LEBs.
126 *
127 * So this function tries to do the above. Returns %-EAGAIN if some free space
128 * was presumably made and the caller has to re-try budgeting the operation.
129 * Returns %-ENOSPC if it couldn't do more free space, and other negative error
130 * codes on failures.
131 */
132static int make_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
133{
134 int err, retries = 0;
135 long long liab1, liab2;
136
137 do {
138 liab1 = get_liability(c);
139 /*
140 * We probably have some dirty pages or inodes (liability), try
141 * to write them back.
142 */
143 dbg_budg("liability %lld, run write-back", liab1);
144 shrink_liability(c, NR_TO_WRITE);
145
146 liab2 = get_liability(c);
147 if (liab2 < liab1)
148 return -EAGAIN;
149
150 dbg_budg("new liability %lld (not shrunk)", liab2);
151
152 /* Liability did not shrink again, try GC */
153 dbg_budg("Run GC");
154 err = run_gc(c);
155 if (!err)
156 return -EAGAIN;
157
158 if (err != -EAGAIN && err != -ENOSPC)
159 /* Some real error happened */
160 return err;
161
162 dbg_budg("Run commit (retries %d)", retries);
163 err = ubifs_run_commit(c);
164 if (err)
165 return err;
166 } while (retries++ < MAX_MKSPC_RETRIES);
167
168 return -ENOSPC;
169}
170
171/**
172 * ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs - calculate amount of LEBs for the index.
173 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
174 *
175 * This function calculates and returns the number of LEBs which should be kept
176 * for index usage.
177 */
178int ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(struct ubifs_info *c)
179{
180 int idx_lebs;
181 long long idx_size;
182
183 idx_size = c->bi.old_idx_sz + c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.uncommitted_idx;
184 /* And make sure we have thrice the index size of space reserved */
185 idx_size += idx_size << 1;
186 /*
187 * We do not maintain 'old_idx_size' as 'old_idx_lebs'/'old_idx_bytes'
188 * pair, nor similarly the two variables for the new index size, so we
189 * have to do this costly 64-bit division on fast-path.
190 */
191 idx_lebs = div_u64(idx_size + c->idx_leb_size - 1, c->idx_leb_size);
192 /*
193 * The index head is not available for the in-the-gaps method, so add an
194 * extra LEB to compensate.
195 */
196 idx_lebs += 1;
197 if (idx_lebs < MIN_INDEX_LEBS)
198 idx_lebs = MIN_INDEX_LEBS;
199 return idx_lebs;
200}
201
202/**
203 * ubifs_calc_available - calculate available FS space.
204 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
205 * @min_idx_lebs: minimum number of LEBs reserved for the index
206 *
207 * This function calculates and returns amount of FS space available for use.
208 */
209long long ubifs_calc_available(const struct ubifs_info *c, int min_idx_lebs)
210{
211 int subtract_lebs;
212 long long available;
213
214 available = c->main_bytes - c->lst.total_used;
215
216 /*
217 * Now 'available' contains theoretically available flash space
218 * assuming there is no index, so we have to subtract the space which
219 * is reserved for the index.
220 */
221 subtract_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
222
223 /* Take into account that GC reserves one LEB for its own needs */
224 subtract_lebs += 1;
225
226 /*
227 * The GC journal head LEB is not really accessible. And since
228 * different write types go to different heads, we may count only on
229 * one head's space.
230 */
231 subtract_lebs += c->jhead_cnt - 1;
232
233 /* We also reserve one LEB for deletions, which bypass budgeting */
234 subtract_lebs += 1;
235
236 available -= (long long)subtract_lebs * c->leb_size;
237
238 /* Subtract the dead space which is not available for use */
239 available -= c->lst.total_dead;
240
241 /*
242 * Subtract dark space, which might or might not be usable - it depends
243 * on the data which we have on the media and which will be written. If
244 * this is a lot of uncompressed or not-compressible data, the dark
245 * space cannot be used.
246 */
247 available -= c->lst.total_dark;
248
249 /*
250 * However, there is more dark space. The index may be bigger than
251 * @min_idx_lebs. Those extra LEBs are assumed to be available, but
252 * their dark space is not included in total_dark, so it is subtracted
253 * here.
254 */
255 if (c->lst.idx_lebs > min_idx_lebs) {
256 subtract_lebs = c->lst.idx_lebs - min_idx_lebs;
257 available -= subtract_lebs * c->dark_wm;
258 }
259
260 /* The calculations are rough and may end up with a negative number */
261 return available > 0 ? available : 0;
262}
263
264/**
265 * can_use_rp - check whether the user is allowed to use reserved pool.
266 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
267 *
268 * UBIFS has so-called "reserved pool" which is flash space reserved
269 * for the superuser and for uses whose UID/GID is recorded in UBIFS superblock.
270 * This function checks whether current user is allowed to use reserved pool.
271 * Returns %1 current user is allowed to use reserved pool and %0 otherwise.
272 */
273static int can_use_rp(struct ubifs_info *c)
274{
275 if (uid_eq(current_fsuid(), c->rp_uid) || capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) ||
276 (!gid_eq(c->rp_gid, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID) && in_group_p(c->rp_gid)))
277 return 1;
278 return 0;
279}
280
281/**
282 * do_budget_space - reserve flash space for index and data growth.
283 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
284 *
285 * This function makes sure UBIFS has enough free LEBs for index growth and
286 * data.
287 *
288 * When budgeting index space, UBIFS reserves thrice as many LEBs as the index
289 * would take if it was consolidated and written to the flash. This guarantees
290 * that the "in-the-gaps" commit method always succeeds and UBIFS will always
291 * be able to commit dirty index. So this function basically adds amount of
292 * budgeted index space to the size of the current index, multiplies this by 3,
293 * and makes sure this does not exceed the amount of free LEBs.
294 *
295 * Notes about @c->bi.min_idx_lebs and @c->lst.idx_lebs variables:
296 * o @c->lst.idx_lebs is the number of LEBs the index currently uses. It might
297 * be large, because UBIFS does not do any index consolidation as long as
298 * there is free space. IOW, the index may take a lot of LEBs, but the LEBs
299 * will contain a lot of dirt.
300 * o @c->bi.min_idx_lebs is the number of LEBS the index presumably takes. IOW,
301 * the index may be consolidated to take up to @c->bi.min_idx_lebs LEBs.
302 *
303 * This function returns zero in case of success, and %-ENOSPC in case of
304 * failure.
305 */
306static int do_budget_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
307{
308 long long outstanding, available;
309 int lebs, rsvd_idx_lebs, min_idx_lebs;
310
311 /* First budget index space */
312 min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
313
314 /* Now 'min_idx_lebs' contains number of LEBs to reserve */
315 if (min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
316 rsvd_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
317 else
318 rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
319
320 /*
321 * The number of LEBs that are available to be used by the index is:
322 *
323 * @c->lst.empty_lebs + @c->freeable_cnt + @c->idx_gc_cnt -
324 * @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs
325 *
326 * @c->lst.empty_lebs are available because they are empty.
327 * @c->freeable_cnt are available because they contain only free and
328 * dirty space, @c->idx_gc_cnt are available because they are index
329 * LEBs that have been garbage collected and are awaiting the commit
330 * before they can be used. And the in-the-gaps method will grab these
331 * if it needs them. @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs are empty LEBs that have
332 * already been allocated for some purpose.
333 *
334 * Note, @c->idx_gc_cnt is included to both @c->lst.empty_lebs (because
335 * these LEBs are empty) and to @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs (because they
336 * are taken until after the commit).
337 *
338 * Note, @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs may temporarily be higher by one
339 * because of the way we serialize LEB allocations and budgeting. See a
340 * comment in 'ubifs_find_free_space()'.
341 */
342 lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -
343 c->lst.taken_empty_lebs;
344 if (unlikely(rsvd_idx_lebs > lebs)) {
345 dbg_budg("out of indexing space: min_idx_lebs %d (old %d), rsvd_idx_lebs %d",
346 min_idx_lebs, c->bi.min_idx_lebs, rsvd_idx_lebs);
347 return -ENOSPC;
348 }
349
350 available = ubifs_calc_available(c, min_idx_lebs);
351 outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
352
353 if (unlikely(available < outstanding)) {
354 dbg_budg("out of data space: available %lld, outstanding %lld",
355 available, outstanding);
356 return -ENOSPC;
357 }
358
359 if (available - outstanding <= c->rp_size && !can_use_rp(c))
360 return -ENOSPC;
361
362 c->bi.min_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
363 return 0;
364}
365
366/**
367 * calc_idx_growth - calculate approximate index growth from budgeting request.
368 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
369 * @req: budgeting request
370 *
371 * For now we assume each new node adds one znode. But this is rather poor
372 * approximation, though.
373 */
374static int calc_idx_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
375 const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
376{
377 int znodes;
378
379 znodes = req->new_ino + (req->new_page << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT) +
380 req->new_dent;
381 return znodes * c->max_idx_node_sz;
382}
383
384/**
385 * calc_data_growth - calculate approximate amount of new data from budgeting
386 * request.
387 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
388 * @req: budgeting request
389 */
390static int calc_data_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
391 const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
392{
393 int data_growth;
394
395 data_growth = req->new_ino ? c->bi.inode_budget : 0;
396 if (req->new_page)
397 data_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
398 if (req->new_dent)
399 data_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
400 data_growth += req->new_ino_d;
401 return data_growth;
402}
403
404/**
405 * calc_dd_growth - calculate approximate amount of data which makes other data
406 * dirty from budgeting request.
407 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
408 * @req: budgeting request
409 */
410static int calc_dd_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
411 const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
412{
413 int dd_growth;
414
415 dd_growth = req->dirtied_page ? c->bi.page_budget : 0;
416
417 if (req->dirtied_ino)
418 dd_growth += c->bi.inode_budget << (req->dirtied_ino - 1);
419 if (req->mod_dent)
420 dd_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
421 dd_growth += req->dirtied_ino_d;
422 return dd_growth;
423}
424
425/**
426 * ubifs_budget_space - ensure there is enough space to complete an operation.
427 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
428 * @req: budget request
429 *
430 * This function allocates budget for an operation. It uses pessimistic
431 * approximation of how much flash space the operation needs. The goal of this
432 * function is to make sure UBIFS always has flash space to flush all dirty
433 * pages, dirty inodes, and dirty znodes (liability). This function may force
434 * commit, garbage-collection or write-back. Returns zero in case of success,
435 * %-ENOSPC if there is no free space and other negative error codes in case of
436 * failures.
437 */
438int ubifs_budget_space(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
439{
440 int err, idx_growth, data_growth, dd_growth, retried = 0;
441
442 ubifs_assert(req->new_page <= 1);
443 ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_page <= 1);
444 ubifs_assert(req->new_dent <= 1);
445 ubifs_assert(req->mod_dent <= 1);
446 ubifs_assert(req->new_ino <= 1);
447 ubifs_assert(req->new_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA);
448 ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino <= 4);
449 ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA * 4);
450 ubifs_assert(!(req->new_ino_d & 7));
451 ubifs_assert(!(req->dirtied_ino_d & 7));
452
453 data_growth = calc_data_growth(c, req);
454 dd_growth = calc_dd_growth(c, req);
455 if (!data_growth && !dd_growth)
456 return 0;
457 idx_growth = calc_idx_growth(c, req);
458
459again:
460 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
461 ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
462 ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
463 ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
464
465 if (unlikely(c->bi.nospace) && (c->bi.nospace_rp || !can_use_rp(c))) {
466 dbg_budg("no space");
467 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
468 return -ENOSPC;
469 }
470
471 c->bi.idx_growth += idx_growth;
472 c->bi.data_growth += data_growth;
473 c->bi.dd_growth += dd_growth;
474
475 err = do_budget_space(c);
476 if (likely(!err)) {
477 req->idx_growth = idx_growth;
478 req->data_growth = data_growth;
479 req->dd_growth = dd_growth;
480 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
481 return 0;
482 }
483
484 /* Restore the old values */
485 c->bi.idx_growth -= idx_growth;
486 c->bi.data_growth -= data_growth;
487 c->bi.dd_growth -= dd_growth;
488 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
489
490 if (req->fast) {
491 dbg_budg("no space for fast budgeting");
492 return err;
493 }
494
495 err = make_free_space(c);
496 cond_resched();
497 if (err == -EAGAIN) {
498 dbg_budg("try again");
499 goto again;
500 } else if (err == -ENOSPC) {
501 if (!retried) {
502 retried = 1;
503 dbg_budg("-ENOSPC, but anyway try once again");
504 goto again;
505 }
506 dbg_budg("FS is full, -ENOSPC");
507 c->bi.nospace = 1;
508 if (can_use_rp(c) || c->rp_size == 0)
509 c->bi.nospace_rp = 1;
510 smp_wmb();
511 } else
512 ubifs_err(c, "cannot budget space, error %d", err);
513 return err;
514}
515
516/**
517 * ubifs_release_budget - release budgeted free space.
518 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
519 * @req: budget request
520 *
521 * This function releases the space budgeted by 'ubifs_budget_space()'. Note,
522 * since the index changes (which were budgeted for in @req->idx_growth) will
523 * only be written to the media on commit, this function moves the index budget
524 * from @c->bi.idx_growth to @c->bi.uncommitted_idx. The latter will be zeroed
525 * by the commit operation.
526 */
527void ubifs_release_budget(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
528{
529 ubifs_assert(req->new_page <= 1);
530 ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_page <= 1);
531 ubifs_assert(req->new_dent <= 1);
532 ubifs_assert(req->mod_dent <= 1);
533 ubifs_assert(req->new_ino <= 1);
534 ubifs_assert(req->new_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA);
535 ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino <= 4);
536 ubifs_assert(req->dirtied_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA * 4);
537 ubifs_assert(!(req->new_ino_d & 7));
538 ubifs_assert(!(req->dirtied_ino_d & 7));
539 if (!req->recalculate) {
540 ubifs_assert(req->idx_growth >= 0);
541 ubifs_assert(req->data_growth >= 0);
542 ubifs_assert(req->dd_growth >= 0);
543 }
544
545 if (req->recalculate) {
546 req->data_growth = calc_data_growth(c, req);
547 req->dd_growth = calc_dd_growth(c, req);
548 req->idx_growth = calc_idx_growth(c, req);
549 }
550
551 if (!req->data_growth && !req->dd_growth)
552 return;
553
554 c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
555 smp_wmb();
556
557 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
558 c->bi.idx_growth -= req->idx_growth;
559 c->bi.uncommitted_idx += req->idx_growth;
560 c->bi.data_growth -= req->data_growth;
561 c->bi.dd_growth -= req->dd_growth;
562 c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
563
564 ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
565 ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
566 ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
567 ubifs_assert(c->bi.min_idx_lebs < c->main_lebs);
568 ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.idx_growth & 7));
569 ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.data_growth & 7));
570 ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.dd_growth & 7));
571 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
572}
573
574/**
575 * ubifs_convert_page_budget - convert budget of a new page.
576 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
577 *
578 * This function converts budget which was allocated for a new page of data to
579 * the budget of changing an existing page of data. The latter is smaller than
580 * the former, so this function only does simple re-calculation and does not
581 * involve any write-back.
582 */
583void ubifs_convert_page_budget(struct ubifs_info *c)
584{
585 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
586 /* Release the index growth reservation */
587 c->bi.idx_growth -= c->max_idx_node_sz << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
588 /* Release the data growth reservation */
589 c->bi.data_growth -= c->bi.page_budget;
590 /* Increase the dirty data growth reservation instead */
591 c->bi.dd_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
592 /* And re-calculate the indexing space reservation */
593 c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
594 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
595}
596
597/**
598 * ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget - release dirty inode budget.
599 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
600 * @ui: UBIFS inode to release the budget for
601 *
602 * This function releases budget corresponding to a dirty inode. It is usually
603 * called when after the inode has been written to the media and marked as
604 * clean. It also causes the "no space" flags to be cleared.
605 */
606void ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(struct ubifs_info *c,
607 struct ubifs_inode *ui)
608{
609 struct ubifs_budget_req req;
610
611 memset(&req, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_budget_req));
612 /* The "no space" flags will be cleared because dd_growth is > 0 */
613 req.dd_growth = c->bi.inode_budget + ALIGN(ui->data_len, 8);
614 ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
615}
616
617/**
618 * ubifs_reported_space - calculate reported free space.
619 * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
620 * @free: amount of free space
621 *
622 * This function calculates amount of free space which will be reported to
623 * user-space. User-space application tend to expect that if the file-system
624 * (e.g., via the 'statfs()' call) reports that it has N bytes available, they
625 * are able to write a file of size N. UBIFS attaches node headers to each data
626 * node and it has to write indexing nodes as well. This introduces additional
627 * overhead, and UBIFS has to report slightly less free space to meet the above
628 * expectations.
629 *
630 * This function assumes free space is made up of uncompressed data nodes and
631 * full index nodes (one per data node, tripled because we always allow enough
632 * space to write the index thrice).
633 *
634 * Note, the calculation is pessimistic, which means that most of the time
635 * UBIFS reports less space than it actually has.
636 */
637long long ubifs_reported_space(const struct ubifs_info *c, long long free)
638{
639 int divisor, factor, f;
640
641 /*
642 * Reported space size is @free * X, where X is UBIFS block size
643 * divided by UBIFS block size + all overhead one data block
644 * introduces. The overhead is the node header + indexing overhead.
645 *
646 * Indexing overhead calculations are based on the following formula:
647 * I = N/(f - 1) + 1, where I - number of indexing nodes, N - number
648 * of data nodes, f - fanout. Because effective UBIFS fanout is twice
649 * as less than maximum fanout, we assume that each data node
650 * introduces 3 * @c->max_idx_node_sz / (@c->fanout/2 - 1) bytes.
651 * Note, the multiplier 3 is because UBIFS reserves thrice as more space
652 * for the index.
653 */
654 f = c->fanout > 3 ? c->fanout >> 1 : 2;
655 factor = UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
656 divisor = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ;
657 divisor += (c->max_idx_node_sz * 3) / (f - 1);
658 free *= factor;
659 return div_u64(free, divisor);
660}
661
662/**
663 * ubifs_get_free_space_nolock - return amount of free space.
664 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
665 *
666 * This function calculates amount of free space to report to user-space.
667 *
668 * Because UBIFS may introduce substantial overhead (the index, node headers,
669 * alignment, wastage at the end of LEBs, etc), it cannot report real amount of
670 * free flash space it has (well, because not all dirty space is reclaimable,
671 * UBIFS does not actually know the real amount). If UBIFS did so, it would
672 * bread user expectations about what free space is. Users seem to accustomed
673 * to assume that if the file-system reports N bytes of free space, they would
674 * be able to fit a file of N bytes to the FS. This almost works for
675 * traditional file-systems, because they have way less overhead than UBIFS.
676 * So, to keep users happy, UBIFS tries to take the overhead into account.
677 */
678long long ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(struct ubifs_info *c)
679{
680 int rsvd_idx_lebs, lebs;
681 long long available, outstanding, free;
682
683 ubifs_assert(c->bi.min_idx_lebs == ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c));
684 outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
685 available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs);
686
687 /*
688 * When reporting free space to user-space, UBIFS guarantees that it is
689 * possible to write a file of free space size. This means that for
690 * empty LEBs we may use more precise calculations than
691 * 'ubifs_calc_available()' is using. Namely, we know that in empty
692 * LEBs we would waste only @c->leb_overhead bytes, not @c->dark_wm.
693 * Thus, amend the available space.
694 *
695 * Note, the calculations below are similar to what we have in
696 * 'do_budget_space()', so refer there for comments.
697 */
698 if (c->bi.min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
699 rsvd_idx_lebs = c->bi.min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
700 else
701 rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
702 lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -
703 c->lst.taken_empty_lebs;
704 lebs -= rsvd_idx_lebs;
705 available += lebs * (c->dark_wm - c->leb_overhead);
706
707 if (available > outstanding)
708 free = ubifs_reported_space(c, available - outstanding);
709 else
710 free = 0;
711 return free;
712}
713
714/**
715 * ubifs_get_free_space - return amount of free space.
716 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
717 *
718 * This function calculates and returns amount of free space to report to
719 * user-space.
720 */
721long long ubifs_get_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
722{
723 long long free;
724
725 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
726 free = ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(c);
727 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
728
729 return free;
730}
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2/*
3 * This file is part of UBIFS.
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
6 *
7 * Authors: Adrian Hunter
8 * Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
9 */
10
11/*
12 * This file implements the budgeting sub-system which is responsible for UBIFS
13 * space management.
14 *
15 * Factors such as compression, wasted space at the ends of LEBs, space in other
16 * journal heads, the effect of updates on the index, and so on, make it
17 * impossible to accurately predict the amount of space needed. Consequently
18 * approximations are used.
19 */
20
21#include "ubifs.h"
22#include <linux/writeback.h>
23#include <linux/math64.h>
24
25/*
26 * When pessimistic budget calculations say that there is no enough space,
27 * UBIFS starts writing back dirty inodes and pages, doing garbage collection,
28 * or committing. The below constant defines maximum number of times UBIFS
29 * repeats the operations.
30 */
31#define MAX_MKSPC_RETRIES 3
32
33/*
34 * The below constant defines amount of dirty pages which should be written
35 * back at when trying to shrink the liability.
36 */
37#define NR_TO_WRITE 16
38
39/**
40 * shrink_liability - write-back some dirty pages/inodes.
41 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
42 * @nr_to_write: how many dirty pages to write-back
43 *
44 * This function shrinks UBIFS liability by means of writing back some amount
45 * of dirty inodes and their pages.
46 *
47 * Note, this function synchronizes even VFS inodes which are locked
48 * (@i_mutex) by the caller of the budgeting function, because write-back does
49 * not touch @i_mutex.
50 */
51static void shrink_liability(struct ubifs_info *c, int nr_to_write)
52{
53 down_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
54 writeback_inodes_sb_nr(c->vfs_sb, nr_to_write, WB_REASON_FS_FREE_SPACE);
55 up_read(&c->vfs_sb->s_umount);
56}
57
58/**
59 * run_gc - run garbage collector.
60 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
61 *
62 * This function runs garbage collector to make some more free space. Returns
63 * zero if a free LEB has been produced, %-EAGAIN if commit is required, and a
64 * negative error code in case of failure.
65 */
66static int run_gc(struct ubifs_info *c)
67{
68 int lnum;
69
70 /* Make some free space by garbage-collecting dirty space */
71 down_read(&c->commit_sem);
72 lnum = ubifs_garbage_collect(c, 1);
73 up_read(&c->commit_sem);
74 if (lnum < 0)
75 return lnum;
76
77 /* GC freed one LEB, return it to lprops */
78 dbg_budg("GC freed LEB %d", lnum);
79 return ubifs_return_leb(c, lnum);
80}
81
82/**
83 * get_liability - calculate current liability.
84 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
85 *
86 * This function calculates and returns current UBIFS liability, i.e. the
87 * amount of bytes UBIFS has "promised" to write to the media.
88 */
89static long long get_liability(struct ubifs_info *c)
90{
91 long long liab;
92
93 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
94 liab = c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
95 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
96 return liab;
97}
98
99/**
100 * make_free_space - make more free space on the file-system.
101 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
102 *
103 * This function is called when an operation cannot be budgeted because there
104 * is supposedly no free space. But in most cases there is some free space:
105 * o budgeting is pessimistic, so it always budgets more than it is actually
106 * needed, so shrinking the liability is one way to make free space - the
107 * cached data will take less space then it was budgeted for;
108 * o GC may turn some dark space into free space (budgeting treats dark space
109 * as not available);
110 * o commit may free some LEB, i.e., turn freeable LEBs into free LEBs.
111 *
112 * So this function tries to do the above. Returns %-EAGAIN if some free space
113 * was presumably made and the caller has to re-try budgeting the operation.
114 * Returns %-ENOSPC if it couldn't do more free space, and other negative error
115 * codes on failures.
116 */
117static int make_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
118{
119 int err, retries = 0;
120 long long liab1, liab2;
121
122 do {
123 liab1 = get_liability(c);
124 /*
125 * We probably have some dirty pages or inodes (liability), try
126 * to write them back.
127 */
128 dbg_budg("liability %lld, run write-back", liab1);
129 shrink_liability(c, NR_TO_WRITE);
130
131 liab2 = get_liability(c);
132 if (liab2 < liab1)
133 return -EAGAIN;
134
135 dbg_budg("new liability %lld (not shrunk)", liab2);
136
137 /* Liability did not shrink again, try GC */
138 dbg_budg("Run GC");
139 err = run_gc(c);
140 if (!err)
141 return -EAGAIN;
142
143 if (err != -EAGAIN && err != -ENOSPC)
144 /* Some real error happened */
145 return err;
146
147 dbg_budg("Run commit (retries %d)", retries);
148 err = ubifs_run_commit(c);
149 if (err)
150 return err;
151 } while (retries++ < MAX_MKSPC_RETRIES);
152
153 return -ENOSPC;
154}
155
156/**
157 * ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs - calculate amount of LEBs for the index.
158 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
159 *
160 * This function calculates and returns the number of LEBs which should be kept
161 * for index usage.
162 */
163int ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(struct ubifs_info *c)
164{
165 int idx_lebs;
166 long long idx_size;
167
168 idx_size = c->bi.old_idx_sz + c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.uncommitted_idx;
169 /* And make sure we have thrice the index size of space reserved */
170 idx_size += idx_size << 1;
171 /*
172 * We do not maintain 'old_idx_size' as 'old_idx_lebs'/'old_idx_bytes'
173 * pair, nor similarly the two variables for the new index size, so we
174 * have to do this costly 64-bit division on fast-path.
175 */
176 idx_lebs = div_u64(idx_size + c->idx_leb_size - 1, c->idx_leb_size);
177 /*
178 * The index head is not available for the in-the-gaps method, so add an
179 * extra LEB to compensate.
180 */
181 idx_lebs += 1;
182 if (idx_lebs < MIN_INDEX_LEBS)
183 idx_lebs = MIN_INDEX_LEBS;
184 return idx_lebs;
185}
186
187/**
188 * ubifs_calc_available - calculate available FS space.
189 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
190 * @min_idx_lebs: minimum number of LEBs reserved for the index
191 *
192 * This function calculates and returns amount of FS space available for use.
193 */
194long long ubifs_calc_available(const struct ubifs_info *c, int min_idx_lebs)
195{
196 int subtract_lebs;
197 long long available;
198
199 available = c->main_bytes - c->lst.total_used;
200
201 /*
202 * Now 'available' contains theoretically available flash space
203 * assuming there is no index, so we have to subtract the space which
204 * is reserved for the index.
205 */
206 subtract_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
207
208 /* Take into account that GC reserves one LEB for its own needs */
209 subtract_lebs += 1;
210
211 /*
212 * Since different write types go to different heads, we should
213 * reserve one leb for each head.
214 */
215 subtract_lebs += c->jhead_cnt;
216
217 /* We also reserve one LEB for deletions, which bypass budgeting */
218 subtract_lebs += 1;
219
220 available -= (long long)subtract_lebs * c->leb_size;
221
222 /* Subtract the dead space which is not available for use */
223 available -= c->lst.total_dead;
224
225 /*
226 * Subtract dark space, which might or might not be usable - it depends
227 * on the data which we have on the media and which will be written. If
228 * this is a lot of uncompressed or not-compressible data, the dark
229 * space cannot be used.
230 */
231 available -= c->lst.total_dark;
232
233 /*
234 * However, there is more dark space. The index may be bigger than
235 * @min_idx_lebs. Those extra LEBs are assumed to be available, but
236 * their dark space is not included in total_dark, so it is subtracted
237 * here.
238 */
239 if (c->lst.idx_lebs > min_idx_lebs) {
240 subtract_lebs = c->lst.idx_lebs - min_idx_lebs;
241 available -= subtract_lebs * c->dark_wm;
242 }
243
244 /* The calculations are rough and may end up with a negative number */
245 return available > 0 ? available : 0;
246}
247
248/**
249 * can_use_rp - check whether the user is allowed to use reserved pool.
250 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
251 *
252 * UBIFS has so-called "reserved pool" which is flash space reserved
253 * for the superuser and for uses whose UID/GID is recorded in UBIFS superblock.
254 * This function checks whether current user is allowed to use reserved pool.
255 * Returns %1 current user is allowed to use reserved pool and %0 otherwise.
256 */
257static int can_use_rp(struct ubifs_info *c)
258{
259 if (uid_eq(current_fsuid(), c->rp_uid) || capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) ||
260 (!gid_eq(c->rp_gid, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID) && in_group_p(c->rp_gid)))
261 return 1;
262 return 0;
263}
264
265/**
266 * do_budget_space - reserve flash space for index and data growth.
267 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
268 *
269 * This function makes sure UBIFS has enough free LEBs for index growth and
270 * data.
271 *
272 * When budgeting index space, UBIFS reserves thrice as many LEBs as the index
273 * would take if it was consolidated and written to the flash. This guarantees
274 * that the "in-the-gaps" commit method always succeeds and UBIFS will always
275 * be able to commit dirty index. So this function basically adds amount of
276 * budgeted index space to the size of the current index, multiplies this by 3,
277 * and makes sure this does not exceed the amount of free LEBs.
278 *
279 * Notes about @c->bi.min_idx_lebs and @c->lst.idx_lebs variables:
280 * o @c->lst.idx_lebs is the number of LEBs the index currently uses. It might
281 * be large, because UBIFS does not do any index consolidation as long as
282 * there is free space. IOW, the index may take a lot of LEBs, but the LEBs
283 * will contain a lot of dirt.
284 * o @c->bi.min_idx_lebs is the number of LEBS the index presumably takes. IOW,
285 * the index may be consolidated to take up to @c->bi.min_idx_lebs LEBs.
286 *
287 * This function returns zero in case of success, and %-ENOSPC in case of
288 * failure.
289 */
290static int do_budget_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
291{
292 long long outstanding, available;
293 int lebs, rsvd_idx_lebs, min_idx_lebs;
294
295 /* First budget index space */
296 min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
297
298 /* Now 'min_idx_lebs' contains number of LEBs to reserve */
299 if (min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
300 rsvd_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
301 else
302 rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
303
304 /*
305 * The number of LEBs that are available to be used by the index is:
306 *
307 * @c->lst.empty_lebs + @c->freeable_cnt + @c->idx_gc_cnt -
308 * @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs
309 *
310 * @c->lst.empty_lebs are available because they are empty.
311 * @c->freeable_cnt are available because they contain only free and
312 * dirty space, @c->idx_gc_cnt are available because they are index
313 * LEBs that have been garbage collected and are awaiting the commit
314 * before they can be used. And the in-the-gaps method will grab these
315 * if it needs them. @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs are empty LEBs that have
316 * already been allocated for some purpose.
317 *
318 * Note, @c->idx_gc_cnt is included to both @c->lst.empty_lebs (because
319 * these LEBs are empty) and to @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs (because they
320 * are taken until after the commit).
321 *
322 * Note, @c->lst.taken_empty_lebs may temporarily be higher by one
323 * because of the way we serialize LEB allocations and budgeting. See a
324 * comment in 'ubifs_find_free_space()'.
325 */
326 lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -
327 c->lst.taken_empty_lebs;
328 if (unlikely(rsvd_idx_lebs > lebs)) {
329 dbg_budg("out of indexing space: min_idx_lebs %d (old %d), rsvd_idx_lebs %d",
330 min_idx_lebs, c->bi.min_idx_lebs, rsvd_idx_lebs);
331 return -ENOSPC;
332 }
333
334 available = ubifs_calc_available(c, min_idx_lebs);
335 outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
336
337 if (unlikely(available < outstanding)) {
338 dbg_budg("out of data space: available %lld, outstanding %lld",
339 available, outstanding);
340 return -ENOSPC;
341 }
342
343 if (available - outstanding <= c->rp_size && !can_use_rp(c))
344 return -ENOSPC;
345
346 c->bi.min_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
347 return 0;
348}
349
350/**
351 * calc_idx_growth - calculate approximate index growth from budgeting request.
352 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
353 * @req: budgeting request
354 *
355 * For now we assume each new node adds one znode. But this is rather poor
356 * approximation, though.
357 */
358static int calc_idx_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
359 const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
360{
361 int znodes;
362
363 znodes = req->new_ino + (req->new_page << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT) +
364 req->new_dent;
365 return znodes * c->max_idx_node_sz;
366}
367
368/**
369 * calc_data_growth - calculate approximate amount of new data from budgeting
370 * request.
371 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
372 * @req: budgeting request
373 */
374static int calc_data_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
375 const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
376{
377 int data_growth;
378
379 data_growth = req->new_ino ? c->bi.inode_budget : 0;
380 if (req->new_page)
381 data_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
382 if (req->new_dent)
383 data_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
384 data_growth += req->new_ino_d;
385 return data_growth;
386}
387
388/**
389 * calc_dd_growth - calculate approximate amount of data which makes other data
390 * dirty from budgeting request.
391 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
392 * @req: budgeting request
393 */
394static int calc_dd_growth(const struct ubifs_info *c,
395 const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
396{
397 int dd_growth;
398
399 dd_growth = req->dirtied_page ? c->bi.page_budget : 0;
400
401 if (req->dirtied_ino)
402 dd_growth += c->bi.inode_budget * req->dirtied_ino;
403 if (req->mod_dent)
404 dd_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
405 dd_growth += req->dirtied_ino_d;
406 return dd_growth;
407}
408
409/**
410 * ubifs_budget_space - ensure there is enough space to complete an operation.
411 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
412 * @req: budget request
413 *
414 * This function allocates budget for an operation. It uses pessimistic
415 * approximation of how much flash space the operation needs. The goal of this
416 * function is to make sure UBIFS always has flash space to flush all dirty
417 * pages, dirty inodes, and dirty znodes (liability). This function may force
418 * commit, garbage-collection or write-back. Returns zero in case of success,
419 * %-ENOSPC if there is no free space and other negative error codes in case of
420 * failures.
421 */
422int ubifs_budget_space(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
423{
424 int err, idx_growth, data_growth, dd_growth, retried = 0;
425
426 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_page <= 1);
427 ubifs_assert(c, req->dirtied_page <= 1);
428 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_dent <= 1);
429 ubifs_assert(c, req->mod_dent <= 1);
430 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_ino <= 1);
431 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA);
432 ubifs_assert(c, req->dirtied_ino <= 4);
433 ubifs_assert(c, req->dirtied_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA * 4);
434 ubifs_assert(c, !(req->new_ino_d & 7));
435 ubifs_assert(c, !(req->dirtied_ino_d & 7));
436
437 data_growth = calc_data_growth(c, req);
438 dd_growth = calc_dd_growth(c, req);
439 if (!data_growth && !dd_growth)
440 return 0;
441 idx_growth = calc_idx_growth(c, req);
442
443again:
444 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
445 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
446 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
447 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
448
449 if (unlikely(c->bi.nospace) && (c->bi.nospace_rp || !can_use_rp(c))) {
450 dbg_budg("no space");
451 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
452 return -ENOSPC;
453 }
454
455 c->bi.idx_growth += idx_growth;
456 c->bi.data_growth += data_growth;
457 c->bi.dd_growth += dd_growth;
458
459 err = do_budget_space(c);
460 if (likely(!err)) {
461 req->idx_growth = idx_growth;
462 req->data_growth = data_growth;
463 req->dd_growth = dd_growth;
464 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
465 return 0;
466 }
467
468 /* Restore the old values */
469 c->bi.idx_growth -= idx_growth;
470 c->bi.data_growth -= data_growth;
471 c->bi.dd_growth -= dd_growth;
472 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
473
474 if (req->fast) {
475 dbg_budg("no space for fast budgeting");
476 return err;
477 }
478
479 err = make_free_space(c);
480 cond_resched();
481 if (err == -EAGAIN) {
482 dbg_budg("try again");
483 goto again;
484 } else if (err == -ENOSPC) {
485 if (!retried) {
486 retried = 1;
487 dbg_budg("-ENOSPC, but anyway try once again");
488 goto again;
489 }
490 dbg_budg("FS is full, -ENOSPC");
491 c->bi.nospace = 1;
492 if (can_use_rp(c) || c->rp_size == 0)
493 c->bi.nospace_rp = 1;
494 smp_wmb();
495 } else
496 ubifs_err(c, "cannot budget space, error %d", err);
497 return err;
498}
499
500/**
501 * ubifs_release_budget - release budgeted free space.
502 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
503 * @req: budget request
504 *
505 * This function releases the space budgeted by 'ubifs_budget_space()'. Note,
506 * since the index changes (which were budgeted for in @req->idx_growth) will
507 * only be written to the media on commit, this function moves the index budget
508 * from @c->bi.idx_growth to @c->bi.uncommitted_idx. The latter will be zeroed
509 * by the commit operation.
510 */
511void ubifs_release_budget(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
512{
513 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_page <= 1);
514 ubifs_assert(c, req->dirtied_page <= 1);
515 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_dent <= 1);
516 ubifs_assert(c, req->mod_dent <= 1);
517 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_ino <= 1);
518 ubifs_assert(c, req->new_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA);
519 ubifs_assert(c, req->dirtied_ino <= 4);
520 ubifs_assert(c, req->dirtied_ino_d <= UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA * 4);
521 ubifs_assert(c, !(req->new_ino_d & 7));
522 ubifs_assert(c, !(req->dirtied_ino_d & 7));
523 if (!req->recalculate) {
524 ubifs_assert(c, req->idx_growth >= 0);
525 ubifs_assert(c, req->data_growth >= 0);
526 ubifs_assert(c, req->dd_growth >= 0);
527 }
528
529 if (req->recalculate) {
530 req->data_growth = calc_data_growth(c, req);
531 req->dd_growth = calc_dd_growth(c, req);
532 req->idx_growth = calc_idx_growth(c, req);
533 }
534
535 if (!req->data_growth && !req->dd_growth)
536 return;
537
538 c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
539 smp_wmb();
540
541 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
542 c->bi.idx_growth -= req->idx_growth;
543 c->bi.uncommitted_idx += req->idx_growth;
544 c->bi.data_growth -= req->data_growth;
545 c->bi.dd_growth -= req->dd_growth;
546 c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
547
548 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
549 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
550 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
551 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs < c->main_lebs);
552 ubifs_assert(c, !(c->bi.idx_growth & 7));
553 ubifs_assert(c, !(c->bi.data_growth & 7));
554 ubifs_assert(c, !(c->bi.dd_growth & 7));
555 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
556}
557
558/**
559 * ubifs_convert_page_budget - convert budget of a new page.
560 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
561 *
562 * This function converts budget which was allocated for a new page of data to
563 * the budget of changing an existing page of data. The latter is smaller than
564 * the former, so this function only does simple re-calculation and does not
565 * involve any write-back.
566 */
567void ubifs_convert_page_budget(struct ubifs_info *c)
568{
569 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
570 /* Release the index growth reservation */
571 c->bi.idx_growth -= c->max_idx_node_sz << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
572 /* Release the data growth reservation */
573 c->bi.data_growth -= c->bi.page_budget;
574 /* Increase the dirty data growth reservation instead */
575 c->bi.dd_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
576 /* And re-calculate the indexing space reservation */
577 c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
578 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
579}
580
581/**
582 * ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget - release dirty inode budget.
583 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
584 * @ui: UBIFS inode to release the budget for
585 *
586 * This function releases budget corresponding to a dirty inode. It is usually
587 * called when after the inode has been written to the media and marked as
588 * clean. It also causes the "no space" flags to be cleared.
589 */
590void ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(struct ubifs_info *c,
591 struct ubifs_inode *ui)
592{
593 struct ubifs_budget_req req;
594
595 memset(&req, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_budget_req));
596 /* The "no space" flags will be cleared because dd_growth is > 0 */
597 req.dd_growth = c->bi.inode_budget + ALIGN(ui->data_len, 8);
598 ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
599}
600
601/**
602 * ubifs_reported_space - calculate reported free space.
603 * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
604 * @free: amount of free space
605 *
606 * This function calculates amount of free space which will be reported to
607 * user-space. User-space application tend to expect that if the file-system
608 * (e.g., via the 'statfs()' call) reports that it has N bytes available, they
609 * are able to write a file of size N. UBIFS attaches node headers to each data
610 * node and it has to write indexing nodes as well. This introduces additional
611 * overhead, and UBIFS has to report slightly less free space to meet the above
612 * expectations.
613 *
614 * This function assumes free space is made up of uncompressed data nodes and
615 * full index nodes (one per data node, tripled because we always allow enough
616 * space to write the index thrice).
617 *
618 * Note, the calculation is pessimistic, which means that most of the time
619 * UBIFS reports less space than it actually has.
620 */
621long long ubifs_reported_space(const struct ubifs_info *c, long long free)
622{
623 int divisor, factor, f;
624
625 /*
626 * Reported space size is @free * X, where X is UBIFS block size
627 * divided by UBIFS block size + all overhead one data block
628 * introduces. The overhead is the node header + indexing overhead.
629 *
630 * Indexing overhead calculations are based on the following formula:
631 * I = N/(f - 1) + 1, where I - number of indexing nodes, N - number
632 * of data nodes, f - fanout. Because effective UBIFS fanout is twice
633 * as less than maximum fanout, we assume that each data node
634 * introduces 3 * @c->max_idx_node_sz / (@c->fanout/2 - 1) bytes.
635 * Note, the multiplier 3 is because UBIFS reserves thrice as more space
636 * for the index.
637 */
638 f = c->fanout > 3 ? c->fanout >> 1 : 2;
639 factor = UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
640 divisor = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ;
641 divisor += (c->max_idx_node_sz * 3) / (f - 1);
642 free *= factor;
643 return div_u64(free, divisor);
644}
645
646/**
647 * ubifs_get_free_space_nolock - return amount of free space.
648 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
649 *
650 * This function calculates amount of free space to report to user-space.
651 *
652 * Because UBIFS may introduce substantial overhead (the index, node headers,
653 * alignment, wastage at the end of LEBs, etc), it cannot report real amount of
654 * free flash space it has (well, because not all dirty space is reclaimable,
655 * UBIFS does not actually know the real amount). If UBIFS did so, it would
656 * bread user expectations about what free space is. Users seem to accustomed
657 * to assume that if the file-system reports N bytes of free space, they would
658 * be able to fit a file of N bytes to the FS. This almost works for
659 * traditional file-systems, because they have way less overhead than UBIFS.
660 * So, to keep users happy, UBIFS tries to take the overhead into account.
661 */
662long long ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(struct ubifs_info *c)
663{
664 int rsvd_idx_lebs, lebs;
665 long long available, outstanding, free;
666
667 ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs == ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c));
668 outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
669 available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs);
670
671 /*
672 * When reporting free space to user-space, UBIFS guarantees that it is
673 * possible to write a file of free space size. This means that for
674 * empty LEBs we may use more precise calculations than
675 * 'ubifs_calc_available()' is using. Namely, we know that in empty
676 * LEBs we would waste only @c->leb_overhead bytes, not @c->dark_wm.
677 * Thus, amend the available space.
678 *
679 * Note, the calculations below are similar to what we have in
680 * 'do_budget_space()', so refer there for comments.
681 */
682 if (c->bi.min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
683 rsvd_idx_lebs = c->bi.min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
684 else
685 rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
686 lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -
687 c->lst.taken_empty_lebs;
688 lebs -= rsvd_idx_lebs;
689 available += lebs * (c->dark_wm - c->leb_overhead);
690
691 if (available > outstanding)
692 free = ubifs_reported_space(c, available - outstanding);
693 else
694 free = 0;
695 return free;
696}
697
698/**
699 * ubifs_get_free_space - return amount of free space.
700 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
701 *
702 * This function calculates and returns amount of free space to report to
703 * user-space.
704 */
705long long ubifs_get_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
706{
707 long long free;
708
709 spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
710 free = ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(c);
711 spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
712
713 return free;
714}