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1/******************************************************************************
2 * Xen balloon driver - enables returning/claiming memory to/from Xen.
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2003, B Dragovic
5 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004, M Williamson, K Fraser
6 * Copyright (c) 2005 Dan M. Smith, IBM Corporation
7 * Copyright (c) 2010 Daniel Kiper
8 *
9 * Memory hotplug support was written by Daniel Kiper. Work on
10 * it was sponsored by Google under Google Summer of Code 2010
11 * program. Jeremy Fitzhardinge from Citrix was the mentor for
12 * this project.
13 *
14 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
15 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
16 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
17 * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
18 * software packages, subject to the following license:
19 *
20 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
21 * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
22 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
23 * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
24 * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
25 * the following conditions:
26 *
27 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
28 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
29 *
30 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
31 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
32 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
33 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
34 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
35 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
36 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
37 */
38
39#define pr_fmt(fmt) "xen:" KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
40
41#include <linux/cpu.h>
42#include <linux/kernel.h>
43#include <linux/sched.h>
44#include <linux/errno.h>
45#include <linux/mm.h>
46#include <linux/bootmem.h>
47#include <linux/pagemap.h>
48#include <linux/highmem.h>
49#include <linux/mutex.h>
50#include <linux/list.h>
51#include <linux/gfp.h>
52#include <linux/notifier.h>
53#include <linux/memory.h>
54#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
55#include <linux/percpu-defs.h>
56#include <linux/slab.h>
57#include <linux/sysctl.h>
58
59#include <asm/page.h>
60#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
61#include <asm/pgtable.h>
62#include <asm/tlb.h>
63
64#include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
65#include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
66
67#include <xen/xen.h>
68#include <xen/interface/xen.h>
69#include <xen/interface/memory.h>
70#include <xen/balloon.h>
71#include <xen/features.h>
72#include <xen/page.h>
73
74static int xen_hotplug_unpopulated;
75
76#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
77
78static int zero;
79static int one = 1;
80
81static struct ctl_table balloon_table[] = {
82 {
83 .procname = "hotplug_unpopulated",
84 .data = &xen_hotplug_unpopulated,
85 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
86 .mode = 0644,
87 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
88 .extra1 = &zero,
89 .extra2 = &one,
90 },
91 { }
92};
93
94static struct ctl_table balloon_root[] = {
95 {
96 .procname = "balloon",
97 .mode = 0555,
98 .child = balloon_table,
99 },
100 { }
101};
102
103static struct ctl_table xen_root[] = {
104 {
105 .procname = "xen",
106 .mode = 0555,
107 .child = balloon_root,
108 },
109 { }
110};
111
112#endif
113
114/*
115 * Use one extent per PAGE_SIZE to avoid to break down the page into
116 * multiple frame.
117 */
118#define EXTENT_ORDER (fls(XEN_PFN_PER_PAGE) - 1)
119
120/*
121 * balloon_process() state:
122 *
123 * BP_DONE: done or nothing to do,
124 * BP_WAIT: wait to be rescheduled,
125 * BP_EAGAIN: error, go to sleep,
126 * BP_ECANCELED: error, balloon operation canceled.
127 */
128
129enum bp_state {
130 BP_DONE,
131 BP_WAIT,
132 BP_EAGAIN,
133 BP_ECANCELED
134};
135
136
137static DEFINE_MUTEX(balloon_mutex);
138
139struct balloon_stats balloon_stats;
140EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(balloon_stats);
141
142/* We increase/decrease in batches which fit in a page */
143static xen_pfn_t frame_list[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(xen_pfn_t)];
144
145
146/* List of ballooned pages, threaded through the mem_map array. */
147static LIST_HEAD(ballooned_pages);
148static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(balloon_wq);
149
150/* Main work function, always executed in process context. */
151static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work);
152static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(balloon_worker, balloon_process);
153
154static void release_memory_resource(struct resource *resource);
155
156/* When ballooning out (allocating memory to return to Xen) we don't really
157 want the kernel to try too hard since that can trigger the oom killer. */
158#define GFP_BALLOON \
159 (GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC)
160
161static void scrub_page(struct page *page)
162{
163#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES
164 clear_highpage(page);
165#endif
166}
167
168/* balloon_append: add the given page to the balloon. */
169static void __balloon_append(struct page *page)
170{
171 /* Lowmem is re-populated first, so highmem pages go at list tail. */
172 if (PageHighMem(page)) {
173 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
174 balloon_stats.balloon_high++;
175 } else {
176 list_add(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
177 balloon_stats.balloon_low++;
178 }
179 wake_up(&balloon_wq);
180}
181
182static void balloon_append(struct page *page)
183{
184 __balloon_append(page);
185 adjust_managed_page_count(page, -1);
186}
187
188/* balloon_retrieve: rescue a page from the balloon, if it is not empty. */
189static struct page *balloon_retrieve(bool require_lowmem)
190{
191 struct page *page;
192
193 if (list_empty(&ballooned_pages))
194 return NULL;
195
196 page = list_entry(ballooned_pages.next, struct page, lru);
197 if (require_lowmem && PageHighMem(page))
198 return NULL;
199 list_del(&page->lru);
200
201 if (PageHighMem(page))
202 balloon_stats.balloon_high--;
203 else
204 balloon_stats.balloon_low--;
205
206 adjust_managed_page_count(page, 1);
207
208 return page;
209}
210
211static struct page *balloon_next_page(struct page *page)
212{
213 struct list_head *next = page->lru.next;
214 if (next == &ballooned_pages)
215 return NULL;
216 return list_entry(next, struct page, lru);
217}
218
219static enum bp_state update_schedule(enum bp_state state)
220{
221 if (state == BP_WAIT)
222 return BP_WAIT;
223
224 if (state == BP_ECANCELED)
225 return BP_ECANCELED;
226
227 if (state == BP_DONE) {
228 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
229 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
230 return BP_DONE;
231 }
232
233 ++balloon_stats.retry_count;
234
235 if (balloon_stats.max_retry_count != RETRY_UNLIMITED &&
236 balloon_stats.retry_count > balloon_stats.max_retry_count) {
237 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
238 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
239 return BP_ECANCELED;
240 }
241
242 balloon_stats.schedule_delay <<= 1;
243
244 if (balloon_stats.schedule_delay > balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay)
245 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay;
246
247 return BP_EAGAIN;
248}
249
250#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
251static struct resource *additional_memory_resource(phys_addr_t size)
252{
253 struct resource *res;
254 int ret;
255
256 res = kzalloc(sizeof(*res), GFP_KERNEL);
257 if (!res)
258 return NULL;
259
260 res->name = "System RAM";
261 res->flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
262
263 ret = allocate_resource(&iomem_resource, res,
264 size, 0, -1,
265 PAGES_PER_SECTION * PAGE_SIZE, NULL, NULL);
266 if (ret < 0) {
267 pr_err("Cannot allocate new System RAM resource\n");
268 kfree(res);
269 return NULL;
270 }
271
272#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
273 {
274 unsigned long limit = 1UL << (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - PAGE_SHIFT);
275 unsigned long pfn = res->start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
276
277 if (pfn > limit) {
278 pr_err("New System RAM resource outside addressable RAM (%lu > %lu)\n",
279 pfn, limit);
280 release_memory_resource(res);
281 return NULL;
282 }
283 }
284#endif
285
286 return res;
287}
288
289static void release_memory_resource(struct resource *resource)
290{
291 if (!resource)
292 return;
293
294 /*
295 * No need to reset region to identity mapped since we now
296 * know that no I/O can be in this region
297 */
298 release_resource(resource);
299 kfree(resource);
300}
301
302static enum bp_state reserve_additional_memory(void)
303{
304 long credit;
305 struct resource *resource;
306 int nid, rc;
307 unsigned long balloon_hotplug;
308
309 credit = balloon_stats.target_pages + balloon_stats.target_unpopulated
310 - balloon_stats.total_pages;
311
312 /*
313 * Already hotplugged enough pages? Wait for them to be
314 * onlined.
315 */
316 if (credit <= 0)
317 return BP_WAIT;
318
319 balloon_hotplug = round_up(credit, PAGES_PER_SECTION);
320
321 resource = additional_memory_resource(balloon_hotplug * PAGE_SIZE);
322 if (!resource)
323 goto err;
324
325 nid = memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(resource->start);
326
327#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
328 /*
329 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
330 * different page granularity.
331 */
332 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
333
334 /*
335 * add_memory() will build page tables for the new memory so
336 * the p2m must contain invalid entries so the correct
337 * non-present PTEs will be written.
338 *
339 * If a failure occurs, the original (identity) p2m entries
340 * are not restored since this region is now known not to
341 * conflict with any devices.
342 */
343 if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
344 unsigned long pfn, i;
345
346 pfn = PFN_DOWN(resource->start);
347 for (i = 0; i < balloon_hotplug; i++) {
348 if (!set_phys_to_machine(pfn + i, INVALID_P2M_ENTRY)) {
349 pr_warn("set_phys_to_machine() failed, no memory added\n");
350 goto err;
351 }
352 }
353 }
354#endif
355
356 /*
357 * add_memory_resource() will call online_pages() which in its turn
358 * will call xen_online_page() callback causing deadlock if we don't
359 * release balloon_mutex here. Unlocking here is safe because the
360 * callers drop the mutex before trying again.
361 */
362 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
363 rc = add_memory_resource(nid, resource, memhp_auto_online);
364 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
365
366 if (rc) {
367 pr_warn("Cannot add additional memory (%i)\n", rc);
368 goto err;
369 }
370
371 balloon_stats.total_pages += balloon_hotplug;
372
373 return BP_WAIT;
374 err:
375 release_memory_resource(resource);
376 return BP_ECANCELED;
377}
378
379static void xen_online_page(struct page *page)
380{
381 __online_page_set_limits(page);
382
383 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
384
385 __balloon_append(page);
386
387 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
388}
389
390static int xen_memory_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val, void *v)
391{
392 if (val == MEM_ONLINE)
393 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
394
395 return NOTIFY_OK;
396}
397
398static struct notifier_block xen_memory_nb = {
399 .notifier_call = xen_memory_notifier,
400 .priority = 0
401};
402#else
403static enum bp_state reserve_additional_memory(void)
404{
405 balloon_stats.target_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages;
406 return BP_ECANCELED;
407}
408#endif /* CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
409
410static long current_credit(void)
411{
412 return balloon_stats.target_pages - balloon_stats.current_pages;
413}
414
415static bool balloon_is_inflated(void)
416{
417 return balloon_stats.balloon_low || balloon_stats.balloon_high;
418}
419
420static enum bp_state increase_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages)
421{
422 int rc;
423 unsigned long i;
424 struct page *page;
425 struct xen_memory_reservation reservation = {
426 .address_bits = 0,
427 .extent_order = EXTENT_ORDER,
428 .domid = DOMID_SELF
429 };
430
431 if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
432 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
433
434 page = list_first_entry_or_null(&ballooned_pages, struct page, lru);
435 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
436 if (!page) {
437 nr_pages = i;
438 break;
439 }
440
441 /* XENMEM_populate_physmap requires a PFN based on Xen
442 * granularity.
443 */
444 frame_list[i] = page_to_xen_pfn(page);
445 page = balloon_next_page(page);
446 }
447
448 set_xen_guest_handle(reservation.extent_start, frame_list);
449 reservation.nr_extents = nr_pages;
450 rc = HYPERVISOR_memory_op(XENMEM_populate_physmap, &reservation);
451 if (rc <= 0)
452 return BP_EAGAIN;
453
454 for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
455 page = balloon_retrieve(false);
456 BUG_ON(page == NULL);
457
458#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
459 /*
460 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
461 * different page granularity.
462 */
463 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
464
465 if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
466 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
467
468 set_phys_to_machine(pfn, frame_list[i]);
469
470 /* Link back into the page tables if not highmem. */
471 if (!PageHighMem(page)) {
472 int ret;
473 ret = HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping(
474 (unsigned long)__va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT),
475 mfn_pte(frame_list[i], PAGE_KERNEL),
476 0);
477 BUG_ON(ret);
478 }
479 }
480#endif
481
482 /* Relinquish the page back to the allocator. */
483 __free_reserved_page(page);
484 }
485
486 balloon_stats.current_pages += rc;
487
488 return BP_DONE;
489}
490
491static enum bp_state decrease_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages, gfp_t gfp)
492{
493 enum bp_state state = BP_DONE;
494 unsigned long i;
495 struct page *page, *tmp;
496 int ret;
497 struct xen_memory_reservation reservation = {
498 .address_bits = 0,
499 .extent_order = EXTENT_ORDER,
500 .domid = DOMID_SELF
501 };
502 LIST_HEAD(pages);
503
504 if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
505 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
506
507 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
508 page = alloc_page(gfp);
509 if (page == NULL) {
510 nr_pages = i;
511 state = BP_EAGAIN;
512 break;
513 }
514 scrub_page(page);
515 list_add(&page->lru, &pages);
516 }
517
518 /*
519 * Ensure that ballooned highmem pages don't have kmaps.
520 *
521 * Do this before changing the p2m as kmap_flush_unused()
522 * reads PTEs to obtain pages (and hence needs the original
523 * p2m entry).
524 */
525 kmap_flush_unused();
526
527 /*
528 * Setup the frame, update direct mapping, invalidate P2M,
529 * and add to balloon.
530 */
531 i = 0;
532 list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &pages, lru) {
533 /* XENMEM_decrease_reservation requires a GFN */
534 frame_list[i++] = xen_page_to_gfn(page);
535
536#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
537 /*
538 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
539 * different page granularity.
540 */
541 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
542
543 if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
544 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
545
546 if (!PageHighMem(page)) {
547 ret = HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping(
548 (unsigned long)__va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT),
549 __pte_ma(0), 0);
550 BUG_ON(ret);
551 }
552 __set_phys_to_machine(pfn, INVALID_P2M_ENTRY);
553 }
554#endif
555 list_del(&page->lru);
556
557 balloon_append(page);
558 }
559
560 flush_tlb_all();
561
562 set_xen_guest_handle(reservation.extent_start, frame_list);
563 reservation.nr_extents = nr_pages;
564 ret = HYPERVISOR_memory_op(XENMEM_decrease_reservation, &reservation);
565 BUG_ON(ret != nr_pages);
566
567 balloon_stats.current_pages -= nr_pages;
568
569 return state;
570}
571
572/*
573 * As this is a work item it is guaranteed to run as a single instance only.
574 * We may of course race updates of the target counts (which are protected
575 * by the balloon lock), or with changes to the Xen hard limit, but we will
576 * recover from these in time.
577 */
578static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work)
579{
580 enum bp_state state = BP_DONE;
581 long credit;
582
583
584 do {
585 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
586
587 credit = current_credit();
588
589 if (credit > 0) {
590 if (balloon_is_inflated())
591 state = increase_reservation(credit);
592 else
593 state = reserve_additional_memory();
594 }
595
596 if (credit < 0)
597 state = decrease_reservation(-credit, GFP_BALLOON);
598
599 state = update_schedule(state);
600
601 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
602
603 cond_resched();
604
605 } while (credit && state == BP_DONE);
606
607 /* Schedule more work if there is some still to be done. */
608 if (state == BP_EAGAIN)
609 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, balloon_stats.schedule_delay * HZ);
610}
611
612/* Resets the Xen limit, sets new target, and kicks off processing. */
613void balloon_set_new_target(unsigned long target)
614{
615 /* No need for lock. Not read-modify-write updates. */
616 balloon_stats.target_pages = target;
617 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
618}
619EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(balloon_set_new_target);
620
621static int add_ballooned_pages(int nr_pages)
622{
623 enum bp_state st;
624
625 if (xen_hotplug_unpopulated) {
626 st = reserve_additional_memory();
627 if (st != BP_ECANCELED) {
628 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
629 wait_event(balloon_wq,
630 !list_empty(&ballooned_pages));
631 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
632 return 0;
633 }
634 }
635
636 st = decrease_reservation(nr_pages, GFP_USER);
637 if (st != BP_DONE)
638 return -ENOMEM;
639
640 return 0;
641}
642
643/**
644 * alloc_xenballooned_pages - get pages that have been ballooned out
645 * @nr_pages: Number of pages to get
646 * @pages: pages returned
647 * @return 0 on success, error otherwise
648 */
649int alloc_xenballooned_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
650{
651 int pgno = 0;
652 struct page *page;
653 int ret;
654
655 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
656
657 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated += nr_pages;
658
659 while (pgno < nr_pages) {
660 page = balloon_retrieve(true);
661 if (page) {
662 pages[pgno++] = page;
663#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
664 /*
665 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
666 * different page granularity.
667 */
668 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
669
670 ret = xen_alloc_p2m_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
671 if (ret < 0)
672 goto out_undo;
673#endif
674 } else {
675 ret = add_ballooned_pages(nr_pages - pgno);
676 if (ret < 0)
677 goto out_undo;
678 }
679 }
680 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
681 return 0;
682 out_undo:
683 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
684 free_xenballooned_pages(pgno, pages);
685 return ret;
686}
687EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_xenballooned_pages);
688
689/**
690 * free_xenballooned_pages - return pages retrieved with get_ballooned_pages
691 * @nr_pages: Number of pages
692 * @pages: pages to return
693 */
694void free_xenballooned_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
695{
696 int i;
697
698 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
699
700 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
701 if (pages[i])
702 balloon_append(pages[i]);
703 }
704
705 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated -= nr_pages;
706
707 /* The balloon may be too large now. Shrink it if needed. */
708 if (current_credit())
709 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
710
711 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
712}
713EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_xenballooned_pages);
714
715static void __init balloon_add_region(unsigned long start_pfn,
716 unsigned long pages)
717{
718 unsigned long pfn, extra_pfn_end;
719 struct page *page;
720
721 /*
722 * If the amount of usable memory has been limited (e.g., with
723 * the 'mem' command line parameter), don't add pages beyond
724 * this limit.
725 */
726 extra_pfn_end = min(max_pfn, start_pfn + pages);
727
728 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < extra_pfn_end; pfn++) {
729 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
730 /* totalram_pages and totalhigh_pages do not
731 include the boot-time balloon extension, so
732 don't subtract from it. */
733 __balloon_append(page);
734 }
735
736 balloon_stats.total_pages += extra_pfn_end - start_pfn;
737}
738
739static int __init balloon_init(void)
740{
741 int i;
742
743 if (!xen_domain())
744 return -ENODEV;
745
746 pr_info("Initialising balloon driver\n");
747
748 balloon_stats.current_pages = xen_pv_domain()
749 ? min(xen_start_info->nr_pages - xen_released_pages, max_pfn)
750 : get_num_physpages();
751 balloon_stats.target_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages;
752 balloon_stats.balloon_low = 0;
753 balloon_stats.balloon_high = 0;
754 balloon_stats.total_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages;
755
756 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
757 balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay = 32;
758 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
759 balloon_stats.max_retry_count = RETRY_UNLIMITED;
760
761#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
762 set_online_page_callback(&xen_online_page);
763 register_memory_notifier(&xen_memory_nb);
764 register_sysctl_table(xen_root);
765#endif
766
767 /*
768 * Initialize the balloon with pages from the extra memory
769 * regions (see arch/x86/xen/setup.c).
770 */
771 for (i = 0; i < XEN_EXTRA_MEM_MAX_REGIONS; i++)
772 if (xen_extra_mem[i].n_pfns)
773 balloon_add_region(xen_extra_mem[i].start_pfn,
774 xen_extra_mem[i].n_pfns);
775
776 return 0;
777}
778subsys_initcall(balloon_init);
1/******************************************************************************
2 * Xen balloon driver - enables returning/claiming memory to/from Xen.
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2003, B Dragovic
5 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004, M Williamson, K Fraser
6 * Copyright (c) 2005 Dan M. Smith, IBM Corporation
7 * Copyright (c) 2010 Daniel Kiper
8 *
9 * Memory hotplug support was written by Daniel Kiper. Work on
10 * it was sponsored by Google under Google Summer of Code 2010
11 * program. Jeremy Fitzhardinge from Citrix was the mentor for
12 * this project.
13 *
14 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
15 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
16 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
17 * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
18 * software packages, subject to the following license:
19 *
20 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
21 * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
22 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
23 * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
24 * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
25 * the following conditions:
26 *
27 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
28 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
29 *
30 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
31 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
32 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
33 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
34 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
35 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
36 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
37 */
38
39#define pr_fmt(fmt) "xen:" KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
40
41#include <linux/cpu.h>
42#include <linux/kernel.h>
43#include <linux/sched.h>
44#include <linux/cred.h>
45#include <linux/errno.h>
46#include <linux/mm.h>
47#include <linux/memblock.h>
48#include <linux/pagemap.h>
49#include <linux/highmem.h>
50#include <linux/mutex.h>
51#include <linux/list.h>
52#include <linux/gfp.h>
53#include <linux/notifier.h>
54#include <linux/memory.h>
55#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
56#include <linux/percpu-defs.h>
57#include <linux/slab.h>
58#include <linux/sysctl.h>
59
60#include <asm/page.h>
61#include <asm/tlb.h>
62
63#include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
64#include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
65
66#include <xen/xen.h>
67#include <xen/interface/xen.h>
68#include <xen/interface/memory.h>
69#include <xen/balloon.h>
70#include <xen/features.h>
71#include <xen/page.h>
72#include <xen/mem-reservation.h>
73
74static int xen_hotplug_unpopulated;
75
76#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
77
78static struct ctl_table balloon_table[] = {
79 {
80 .procname = "hotplug_unpopulated",
81 .data = &xen_hotplug_unpopulated,
82 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
83 .mode = 0644,
84 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
85 .extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
86 .extra2 = SYSCTL_ONE,
87 },
88 { }
89};
90
91static struct ctl_table balloon_root[] = {
92 {
93 .procname = "balloon",
94 .mode = 0555,
95 .child = balloon_table,
96 },
97 { }
98};
99
100static struct ctl_table xen_root[] = {
101 {
102 .procname = "xen",
103 .mode = 0555,
104 .child = balloon_root,
105 },
106 { }
107};
108
109#endif
110
111/*
112 * Use one extent per PAGE_SIZE to avoid to break down the page into
113 * multiple frame.
114 */
115#define EXTENT_ORDER (fls(XEN_PFN_PER_PAGE) - 1)
116
117/*
118 * balloon_process() state:
119 *
120 * BP_DONE: done or nothing to do,
121 * BP_WAIT: wait to be rescheduled,
122 * BP_EAGAIN: error, go to sleep,
123 * BP_ECANCELED: error, balloon operation canceled.
124 */
125
126enum bp_state {
127 BP_DONE,
128 BP_WAIT,
129 BP_EAGAIN,
130 BP_ECANCELED
131};
132
133
134static DEFINE_MUTEX(balloon_mutex);
135
136struct balloon_stats balloon_stats;
137EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(balloon_stats);
138
139/* We increase/decrease in batches which fit in a page */
140static xen_pfn_t frame_list[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(xen_pfn_t)];
141
142
143/* List of ballooned pages, threaded through the mem_map array. */
144static LIST_HEAD(ballooned_pages);
145static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(balloon_wq);
146
147/* Main work function, always executed in process context. */
148static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work);
149static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(balloon_worker, balloon_process);
150
151/* When ballooning out (allocating memory to return to Xen) we don't really
152 want the kernel to try too hard since that can trigger the oom killer. */
153#define GFP_BALLOON \
154 (GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC)
155
156/* balloon_append: add the given page to the balloon. */
157static void balloon_append(struct page *page)
158{
159 __SetPageOffline(page);
160
161 /* Lowmem is re-populated first, so highmem pages go at list tail. */
162 if (PageHighMem(page)) {
163 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
164 balloon_stats.balloon_high++;
165 } else {
166 list_add(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
167 balloon_stats.balloon_low++;
168 }
169 wake_up(&balloon_wq);
170}
171
172/* balloon_retrieve: rescue a page from the balloon, if it is not empty. */
173static struct page *balloon_retrieve(bool require_lowmem)
174{
175 struct page *page;
176
177 if (list_empty(&ballooned_pages))
178 return NULL;
179
180 page = list_entry(ballooned_pages.next, struct page, lru);
181 if (require_lowmem && PageHighMem(page))
182 return NULL;
183 list_del(&page->lru);
184
185 if (PageHighMem(page))
186 balloon_stats.balloon_high--;
187 else
188 balloon_stats.balloon_low--;
189
190 __ClearPageOffline(page);
191 return page;
192}
193
194static struct page *balloon_next_page(struct page *page)
195{
196 struct list_head *next = page->lru.next;
197 if (next == &ballooned_pages)
198 return NULL;
199 return list_entry(next, struct page, lru);
200}
201
202static enum bp_state update_schedule(enum bp_state state)
203{
204 if (state == BP_WAIT)
205 return BP_WAIT;
206
207 if (state == BP_ECANCELED)
208 return BP_ECANCELED;
209
210 if (state == BP_DONE) {
211 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
212 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
213 return BP_DONE;
214 }
215
216 ++balloon_stats.retry_count;
217
218 if (balloon_stats.max_retry_count != RETRY_UNLIMITED &&
219 balloon_stats.retry_count > balloon_stats.max_retry_count) {
220 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
221 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
222 return BP_ECANCELED;
223 }
224
225 balloon_stats.schedule_delay <<= 1;
226
227 if (balloon_stats.schedule_delay > balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay)
228 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay;
229
230 return BP_EAGAIN;
231}
232
233#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
234static void release_memory_resource(struct resource *resource)
235{
236 if (!resource)
237 return;
238
239 /*
240 * No need to reset region to identity mapped since we now
241 * know that no I/O can be in this region
242 */
243 release_resource(resource);
244 kfree(resource);
245}
246
247static struct resource *additional_memory_resource(phys_addr_t size)
248{
249 struct resource *res;
250 int ret;
251
252 res = kzalloc(sizeof(*res), GFP_KERNEL);
253 if (!res)
254 return NULL;
255
256 res->name = "System RAM";
257 res->flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
258
259 ret = allocate_resource(&iomem_resource, res,
260 size, 0, -1,
261 PAGES_PER_SECTION * PAGE_SIZE, NULL, NULL);
262 if (ret < 0) {
263 pr_err("Cannot allocate new System RAM resource\n");
264 kfree(res);
265 return NULL;
266 }
267
268 return res;
269}
270
271static enum bp_state reserve_additional_memory(void)
272{
273 long credit;
274 struct resource *resource;
275 int nid, rc;
276 unsigned long balloon_hotplug;
277
278 credit = balloon_stats.target_pages + balloon_stats.target_unpopulated
279 - balloon_stats.total_pages;
280
281 /*
282 * Already hotplugged enough pages? Wait for them to be
283 * onlined.
284 */
285 if (credit <= 0)
286 return BP_WAIT;
287
288 balloon_hotplug = round_up(credit, PAGES_PER_SECTION);
289
290 resource = additional_memory_resource(balloon_hotplug * PAGE_SIZE);
291 if (!resource)
292 goto err;
293
294 nid = memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(resource->start);
295
296#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
297 /*
298 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
299 * different page granularity.
300 */
301 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
302
303 /*
304 * add_memory() will build page tables for the new memory so
305 * the p2m must contain invalid entries so the correct
306 * non-present PTEs will be written.
307 *
308 * If a failure occurs, the original (identity) p2m entries
309 * are not restored since this region is now known not to
310 * conflict with any devices.
311 */
312 if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
313 unsigned long pfn, i;
314
315 pfn = PFN_DOWN(resource->start);
316 for (i = 0; i < balloon_hotplug; i++) {
317 if (!set_phys_to_machine(pfn + i, INVALID_P2M_ENTRY)) {
318 pr_warn("set_phys_to_machine() failed, no memory added\n");
319 goto err;
320 }
321 }
322 }
323#endif
324
325 /*
326 * add_memory_resource() will call online_pages() which in its turn
327 * will call xen_online_page() callback causing deadlock if we don't
328 * release balloon_mutex here. Unlocking here is safe because the
329 * callers drop the mutex before trying again.
330 */
331 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
332 /* add_memory_resource() requires the device_hotplug lock */
333 lock_device_hotplug();
334 rc = add_memory_resource(nid, resource);
335 unlock_device_hotplug();
336 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
337
338 if (rc) {
339 pr_warn("Cannot add additional memory (%i)\n", rc);
340 goto err;
341 }
342
343 balloon_stats.total_pages += balloon_hotplug;
344
345 return BP_WAIT;
346 err:
347 release_memory_resource(resource);
348 return BP_ECANCELED;
349}
350
351static void xen_online_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
352{
353 unsigned long i, size = (1 << order);
354 unsigned long start_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
355 struct page *p;
356
357 pr_debug("Online %lu pages starting at pfn 0x%lx\n", size, start_pfn);
358 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
359 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
360 p = pfn_to_page(start_pfn + i);
361 balloon_append(p);
362 }
363 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
364}
365
366static int xen_memory_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val, void *v)
367{
368 if (val == MEM_ONLINE)
369 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
370
371 return NOTIFY_OK;
372}
373
374static struct notifier_block xen_memory_nb = {
375 .notifier_call = xen_memory_notifier,
376 .priority = 0
377};
378#else
379static enum bp_state reserve_additional_memory(void)
380{
381 balloon_stats.target_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages +
382 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated;
383 return BP_ECANCELED;
384}
385#endif /* CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
386
387static long current_credit(void)
388{
389 return balloon_stats.target_pages - balloon_stats.current_pages;
390}
391
392static bool balloon_is_inflated(void)
393{
394 return balloon_stats.balloon_low || balloon_stats.balloon_high;
395}
396
397static enum bp_state increase_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages)
398{
399 int rc;
400 unsigned long i;
401 struct page *page;
402
403 if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
404 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
405
406 page = list_first_entry_or_null(&ballooned_pages, struct page, lru);
407 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
408 if (!page) {
409 nr_pages = i;
410 break;
411 }
412
413 frame_list[i] = page_to_xen_pfn(page);
414 page = balloon_next_page(page);
415 }
416
417 rc = xenmem_reservation_increase(nr_pages, frame_list);
418 if (rc <= 0)
419 return BP_EAGAIN;
420
421 for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
422 page = balloon_retrieve(false);
423 BUG_ON(page == NULL);
424
425 xenmem_reservation_va_mapping_update(1, &page, &frame_list[i]);
426
427 /* Relinquish the page back to the allocator. */
428 free_reserved_page(page);
429 }
430
431 balloon_stats.current_pages += rc;
432
433 return BP_DONE;
434}
435
436static enum bp_state decrease_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages, gfp_t gfp)
437{
438 enum bp_state state = BP_DONE;
439 unsigned long i;
440 struct page *page, *tmp;
441 int ret;
442 LIST_HEAD(pages);
443
444 if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
445 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
446
447 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
448 page = alloc_page(gfp);
449 if (page == NULL) {
450 nr_pages = i;
451 state = BP_EAGAIN;
452 break;
453 }
454 adjust_managed_page_count(page, -1);
455 xenmem_reservation_scrub_page(page);
456 list_add(&page->lru, &pages);
457 }
458
459 /*
460 * Ensure that ballooned highmem pages don't have kmaps.
461 *
462 * Do this before changing the p2m as kmap_flush_unused()
463 * reads PTEs to obtain pages (and hence needs the original
464 * p2m entry).
465 */
466 kmap_flush_unused();
467
468 /*
469 * Setup the frame, update direct mapping, invalidate P2M,
470 * and add to balloon.
471 */
472 i = 0;
473 list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &pages, lru) {
474 frame_list[i++] = xen_page_to_gfn(page);
475
476 xenmem_reservation_va_mapping_reset(1, &page);
477
478 list_del(&page->lru);
479
480 balloon_append(page);
481 }
482
483 flush_tlb_all();
484
485 ret = xenmem_reservation_decrease(nr_pages, frame_list);
486 BUG_ON(ret != nr_pages);
487
488 balloon_stats.current_pages -= nr_pages;
489
490 return state;
491}
492
493/*
494 * As this is a work item it is guaranteed to run as a single instance only.
495 * We may of course race updates of the target counts (which are protected
496 * by the balloon lock), or with changes to the Xen hard limit, but we will
497 * recover from these in time.
498 */
499static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work)
500{
501 enum bp_state state = BP_DONE;
502 long credit;
503
504
505 do {
506 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
507
508 credit = current_credit();
509
510 if (credit > 0) {
511 if (balloon_is_inflated())
512 state = increase_reservation(credit);
513 else
514 state = reserve_additional_memory();
515 }
516
517 if (credit < 0) {
518 long n_pages;
519
520 n_pages = min(-credit, si_mem_available());
521 state = decrease_reservation(n_pages, GFP_BALLOON);
522 if (state == BP_DONE && n_pages != -credit &&
523 n_pages < totalreserve_pages)
524 state = BP_EAGAIN;
525 }
526
527 state = update_schedule(state);
528
529 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
530
531 cond_resched();
532
533 } while (credit && state == BP_DONE);
534
535 /* Schedule more work if there is some still to be done. */
536 if (state == BP_EAGAIN)
537 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, balloon_stats.schedule_delay * HZ);
538}
539
540/* Resets the Xen limit, sets new target, and kicks off processing. */
541void balloon_set_new_target(unsigned long target)
542{
543 /* No need for lock. Not read-modify-write updates. */
544 balloon_stats.target_pages = target;
545 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
546}
547EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(balloon_set_new_target);
548
549static int add_ballooned_pages(int nr_pages)
550{
551 enum bp_state st;
552
553 if (xen_hotplug_unpopulated) {
554 st = reserve_additional_memory();
555 if (st != BP_ECANCELED) {
556 int rc;
557
558 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
559 rc = wait_event_interruptible(balloon_wq,
560 !list_empty(&ballooned_pages));
561 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
562 return rc ? -ENOMEM : 0;
563 }
564 }
565
566 if (si_mem_available() < nr_pages)
567 return -ENOMEM;
568
569 st = decrease_reservation(nr_pages, GFP_USER);
570 if (st != BP_DONE)
571 return -ENOMEM;
572
573 return 0;
574}
575
576/**
577 * alloc_xenballooned_pages - get pages that have been ballooned out
578 * @nr_pages: Number of pages to get
579 * @pages: pages returned
580 * @return 0 on success, error otherwise
581 */
582int alloc_xenballooned_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
583{
584 int pgno = 0;
585 struct page *page;
586 int ret;
587
588 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
589
590 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated += nr_pages;
591
592 while (pgno < nr_pages) {
593 page = balloon_retrieve(true);
594 if (page) {
595 pages[pgno++] = page;
596#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_HAVE_PVMMU
597 /*
598 * We don't support PV MMU when Linux and Xen is using
599 * different page granularity.
600 */
601 BUILD_BUG_ON(XEN_PAGE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE);
602
603 if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
604 ret = xen_alloc_p2m_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
605 if (ret < 0)
606 goto out_undo;
607 }
608#endif
609 } else {
610 ret = add_ballooned_pages(nr_pages - pgno);
611 if (ret < 0)
612 goto out_undo;
613 }
614 }
615 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
616 return 0;
617 out_undo:
618 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
619 free_xenballooned_pages(pgno, pages);
620 /*
621 * NB: free_xenballooned_pages will only subtract pgno pages, but since
622 * target_unpopulated is incremented with nr_pages at the start we need
623 * to remove the remaining ones also, or accounting will be screwed.
624 */
625 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated -= nr_pages - pgno;
626 return ret;
627}
628EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_xenballooned_pages);
629
630/**
631 * free_xenballooned_pages - return pages retrieved with get_ballooned_pages
632 * @nr_pages: Number of pages
633 * @pages: pages to return
634 */
635void free_xenballooned_pages(int nr_pages, struct page **pages)
636{
637 int i;
638
639 mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
640
641 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
642 if (pages[i])
643 balloon_append(pages[i]);
644 }
645
646 balloon_stats.target_unpopulated -= nr_pages;
647
648 /* The balloon may be too large now. Shrink it if needed. */
649 if (current_credit())
650 schedule_delayed_work(&balloon_worker, 0);
651
652 mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
653}
654EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_xenballooned_pages);
655
656#if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) && !defined(CONFIG_XEN_UNPOPULATED_ALLOC)
657static void __init balloon_add_region(unsigned long start_pfn,
658 unsigned long pages)
659{
660 unsigned long pfn, extra_pfn_end;
661
662 /*
663 * If the amount of usable memory has been limited (e.g., with
664 * the 'mem' command line parameter), don't add pages beyond
665 * this limit.
666 */
667 extra_pfn_end = min(max_pfn, start_pfn + pages);
668
669 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < extra_pfn_end; pfn++) {
670 /* totalram_pages and totalhigh_pages do not
671 include the boot-time balloon extension, so
672 don't subtract from it. */
673 balloon_append(pfn_to_page(pfn));
674 }
675
676 balloon_stats.total_pages += extra_pfn_end - start_pfn;
677}
678#endif
679
680static int __init balloon_init(void)
681{
682 if (!xen_domain())
683 return -ENODEV;
684
685 pr_info("Initialising balloon driver\n");
686
687#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_PV
688 balloon_stats.current_pages = xen_pv_domain()
689 ? min(xen_start_info->nr_pages - xen_released_pages, max_pfn)
690 : get_num_physpages();
691#else
692 balloon_stats.current_pages = get_num_physpages();
693#endif
694 balloon_stats.target_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages;
695 balloon_stats.balloon_low = 0;
696 balloon_stats.balloon_high = 0;
697 balloon_stats.total_pages = balloon_stats.current_pages;
698
699 balloon_stats.schedule_delay = 1;
700 balloon_stats.max_schedule_delay = 32;
701 balloon_stats.retry_count = 1;
702 balloon_stats.max_retry_count = 4;
703
704#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
705 set_online_page_callback(&xen_online_page);
706 register_memory_notifier(&xen_memory_nb);
707 register_sysctl_table(xen_root);
708#endif
709
710#if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) && !defined(CONFIG_XEN_UNPOPULATED_ALLOC)
711 {
712 int i;
713
714 /*
715 * Initialize the balloon with pages from the extra memory
716 * regions (see arch/x86/xen/setup.c).
717 */
718 for (i = 0; i < XEN_EXTRA_MEM_MAX_REGIONS; i++)
719 if (xen_extra_mem[i].n_pfns)
720 balloon_add_region(xen_extra_mem[i].start_pfn,
721 xen_extra_mem[i].n_pfns);
722 }
723#endif
724
725 /* Init the xen-balloon driver. */
726 xen_balloon_init();
727
728 return 0;
729}
730subsys_initcall(balloon_init);