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v4.6
 
  1/*
  2 * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
 
  3 *
  4 * See COPYING in top-level directory.
  5 */
  6
  7/*
  8 *  Linux VFS file operations.
  9 */
 10
 11#include "protocol.h"
 12#include "orangefs-kernel.h"
 13#include "orangefs-bufmap.h"
 14#include <linux/fs.h>
 15#include <linux/pagemap.h>
 16
 17/*
 18 * Copy to client-core's address space from the buffers specified
 19 * by the iovec upto total_size bytes.
 20 * NOTE: the iovector can either contain addresses which
 21 *       can futher be kernel-space or user-space addresses.
 22 *       or it can pointers to struct page's
 23 */
 24static int precopy_buffers(int buffer_index,
 25			   struct iov_iter *iter,
 26			   size_t total_size)
 27{
 28	int ret = 0;
 29	/*
 30	 * copy data from application/kernel by pulling it out
 31	 * of the iovec.
 32	 */
 33
 
 
 
 
 34
 35	if (total_size) {
 36		ret = orangefs_bufmap_copy_from_iovec(iter,
 37						      buffer_index,
 38						      total_size);
 39		if (ret < 0)
 40		gossip_err("%s: Failed to copy-in buffers. Please make sure that the pvfs2-client is running. %ld\n",
 41			   __func__,
 42			   (long)ret);
 43	}
 44
 45	if (ret < 0)
 46		gossip_err("%s: Failed to copy-in buffers. Please make sure that the pvfs2-client is running. %ld\n",
 47			__func__,
 48			(long)ret);
 49	return ret;
 50}
 51
 52/*
 53 * Copy from client-core's address space to the buffers specified
 54 * by the iovec upto total_size bytes.
 55 * NOTE: the iovector can either contain addresses which
 56 *       can futher be kernel-space or user-space addresses.
 57 *       or it can pointers to struct page's
 58 */
 59static int postcopy_buffers(int buffer_index,
 60			    struct iov_iter *iter,
 61			    size_t total_size)
 62{
 63	int ret = 0;
 64	/*
 65	 * copy data to application/kernel by pushing it out to
 66	 * the iovec. NOTE; target buffers can be addresses or
 67	 * struct page pointers.
 68	 */
 69	if (total_size) {
 70		ret = orangefs_bufmap_copy_to_iovec(iter,
 71						    buffer_index,
 72						    total_size);
 73		if (ret < 0)
 74			gossip_err("%s: Failed to copy-out buffers. Please make sure that the pvfs2-client is running (%ld)\n",
 75				__func__,
 76				(long)ret);
 77	}
 78	return ret;
 79}
 80
 81/*
 82 * Post and wait for the I/O upcall to finish
 83 */
 84static ssize_t wait_for_direct_io(enum ORANGEFS_io_type type, struct inode *inode,
 85		loff_t *offset, struct iov_iter *iter,
 86		size_t total_size, loff_t readahead_size)
 87{
 88	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode = ORANGEFS_I(inode);
 89	struct orangefs_khandle *handle = &orangefs_inode->refn.khandle;
 90	struct orangefs_kernel_op_s *new_op = NULL;
 91	struct iov_iter saved = *iter;
 92	int buffer_index = -1;
 93	ssize_t ret;
 
 94
 95	new_op = op_alloc(ORANGEFS_VFS_OP_FILE_IO);
 96	if (!new_op)
 97		return -ENOMEM;
 98
 99	/* synchronous I/O */
100	new_op->upcall.req.io.readahead_size = readahead_size;
101	new_op->upcall.req.io.io_type = type;
102	new_op->upcall.req.io.refn = orangefs_inode->refn;
103
104populate_shared_memory:
105	/* get a shared buffer index */
106	buffer_index = orangefs_bufmap_get();
107	if (buffer_index < 0) {
108		ret = buffer_index;
109		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
110			     "%s: orangefs_bufmap_get failure (%zd)\n",
111			     __func__, ret);
112		goto out;
113	}
114	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
115		     "%s(%pU): GET op %p -> buffer_index %d\n",
116		     __func__,
117		     handle,
118		     new_op,
119		     buffer_index);
120
121	new_op->uses_shared_memory = 1;
122	new_op->upcall.req.io.buf_index = buffer_index;
123	new_op->upcall.req.io.count = total_size;
124	new_op->upcall.req.io.offset = *offset;
 
 
 
 
125
126	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
127		     "%s(%pU): offset: %llu total_size: %zd\n",
128		     __func__,
129		     handle,
130		     llu(*offset),
131		     total_size);
132	/*
133	 * Stage 1: copy the buffers into client-core's address space
134	 * precopy_buffers only pertains to writes.
135	 */
136	if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE) {
137		ret = precopy_buffers(buffer_index,
138				      iter,
139				      total_size);
140		if (ret < 0)
 
141			goto out;
 
142	}
143
144	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
145		     "%s(%pU): Calling post_io_request with tag (%llu)\n",
146		     __func__,
147		     handle,
148		     llu(new_op->tag));
149
150	/* Stage 2: Service the I/O operation */
151	ret = service_operation(new_op,
152				type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE ?
153					"file_write" :
154					"file_read",
155				get_interruptible_flag(inode));
156
157	/*
158	 * If service_operation() returns -EAGAIN #and# the operation was
159	 * purged from orangefs_request_list or htable_ops_in_progress, then
160	 * we know that the client was restarted, causing the shared memory
161	 * area to be wiped clean.  To restart a  write operation in this
162	 * case, we must re-copy the data from the user's iovec to a NEW
163	 * shared memory location. To restart a read operation, we must get
164	 * a new shared memory location.
165	 */
166	if (ret == -EAGAIN && op_state_purged(new_op)) {
167		orangefs_bufmap_put(buffer_index);
168		buffer_index = -1;
169		if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE)
170			*iter = saved;
171		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
172			     "%s:going to repopulate_shared_memory.\n",
173			     __func__);
174		goto populate_shared_memory;
175	}
176
177	if (ret < 0) {
178		if (ret == -EINTR) {
179			/*
180			 * We can't return EINTR if any data was written,
181			 * it's not POSIX. It is minimally acceptable
182			 * to give a partial write, the way NFS does.
183			 *
184			 * It would be optimal to return all or nothing,
185			 * but if a userspace write is bigger than
186			 * an IO buffer, and the interrupt occurs
187			 * between buffer writes, that would not be
188			 * possible.
189			 */
190			switch (new_op->op_state - OP_VFS_STATE_GIVEN_UP) {
191			/*
192			 * If the op was waiting when the interrupt
193			 * occurred, then the client-core did not
194			 * trigger the write.
195			 */
196			case OP_VFS_STATE_WAITING:
197				if (*offset == 0)
198					ret = -EINTR;
199				else
200					ret = 0;
201				break;
202			/* 
203			 * If the op was in progress when the interrupt
204			 * occurred, then the client-core was able to
205			 * trigger the write.
206			 */
207			case OP_VFS_STATE_INPROGR:
208				ret = total_size;
 
 
 
209				break;
210			default:
211				gossip_err("%s: unexpected op state :%d:.\n",
212					   __func__,
213					   new_op->op_state);
214				ret = 0;
215				break;
216			}
217			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
218				     "%s: got EINTR, state:%d: %p\n",
219				     __func__,
220				     new_op->op_state,
221				     new_op);
222		} else {
223			gossip_err("%s: error in %s handle %pU, returning %zd\n",
224				__func__,
225				type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ ?
226					"read from" : "write to",
227				handle, ret);
228		}
229		if (orangefs_cancel_op_in_progress(new_op))
230			return ret;
231
232		goto out;
233	}
234
235	/*
236	 * Stage 3: Post copy buffers from client-core's address space
237	 * postcopy_buffers only pertains to reads.
238	 */
239	if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ) {
240		ret = postcopy_buffers(buffer_index,
241				       iter,
242				       new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete);
243		if (ret < 0)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
244			goto out;
 
245	}
246	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
247	    "%s(%pU): Amount %s, returned by the sys-io call:%d\n",
248	    __func__,
249	    handle,
250	    type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ ?  "read" : "written",
251	    (int)new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete);
252
253	ret = new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete;
254
255out:
256	if (buffer_index >= 0) {
257		orangefs_bufmap_put(buffer_index);
258		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
259			     "%s(%pU): PUT buffer_index %d\n",
260			     __func__, handle, buffer_index);
261		buffer_index = -1;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
262	}
263	op_release(new_op);
264	return ret;
265}
266
267/*
268 * Common entry point for read/write/readv/writev
269 * This function will dispatch it to either the direct I/O
270 * or buffered I/O path depending on the mount options and/or
271 * augmented/extended metadata attached to the file.
272 * Note: File extended attributes override any mount options.
273 */
274static ssize_t do_readv_writev(enum ORANGEFS_io_type type, struct file *file,
275		loff_t *offset, struct iov_iter *iter)
276{
277	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
278	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode = ORANGEFS_I(inode);
279	struct orangefs_khandle *handle = &orangefs_inode->refn.khandle;
280	size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter);
281	ssize_t total_count = 0;
282	ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
283
284	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
285		"%s-BEGIN(%pU): count(%d) after estimate_max_iovecs.\n",
286		__func__,
287		handle,
288		(int)count);
289
290	if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE) {
291		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
292			     "%s(%pU): proceeding with offset : %llu, "
293			     "size %d\n",
294			     __func__,
295			     handle,
296			     llu(*offset),
297			     (int)count);
298	}
299
300	if (count == 0) {
301		ret = 0;
302		goto out;
303	}
304
305	while (iov_iter_count(iter)) {
306		size_t each_count = iov_iter_count(iter);
307		size_t amt_complete;
308
309		/* how much to transfer in this loop iteration */
310		if (each_count > orangefs_bufmap_size_query())
311			each_count = orangefs_bufmap_size_query();
312
313		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
314			     "%s(%pU): size of each_count(%d)\n",
315			     __func__,
316			     handle,
317			     (int)each_count);
318		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
319			     "%s(%pU): BEFORE wait_for_io: offset is %d\n",
320			     __func__,
321			     handle,
322			     (int)*offset);
323
324		ret = wait_for_direct_io(type, inode, offset, iter,
325				each_count, 0);
326		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
327			     "%s(%pU): return from wait_for_io:%d\n",
328			     __func__,
329			     handle,
330			     (int)ret);
331
332		if (ret < 0)
333			goto out;
334
335		*offset += ret;
336		total_count += ret;
337		amt_complete = ret;
338
339		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
340			     "%s(%pU): AFTER wait_for_io: offset is %d\n",
341			     __func__,
342			     handle,
343			     (int)*offset);
344
345		/*
346		 * if we got a short I/O operations,
347		 * fall out and return what we got so far
348		 */
349		if (amt_complete < each_count)
350			break;
351	} /*end while */
352
353out:
354	if (total_count > 0)
355		ret = total_count;
356	if (ret > 0) {
357		if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ) {
358			file_accessed(file);
359		} else {
360			SetMtimeFlag(orangefs_inode);
361			inode->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME;
362			mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
363		}
364	}
365
366	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
367		     "%s(%pU): Value(%d) returned.\n",
368		     __func__,
369		     handle,
370		     (int)ret);
371
372	return ret;
373}
374
375/*
376 * Read data from a specified offset in a file (referenced by inode).
377 * Data may be placed either in a user or kernel buffer.
378 */
379ssize_t orangefs_inode_read(struct inode *inode,
380			    struct iov_iter *iter,
381			    loff_t *offset,
382			    loff_t readahead_size)
383{
384	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode = ORANGEFS_I(inode);
385	size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter);
386	size_t bufmap_size;
387	ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
388
389	g_orangefs_stats.reads++;
390
391	bufmap_size = orangefs_bufmap_size_query();
392	if (count > bufmap_size) {
393		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
394			     "%s: count is too large (%zd/%zd)!\n",
395			     __func__, count, bufmap_size);
396		return -EINVAL;
 
 
 
 
 
397	}
398
399	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
400		     "%s(%pU) %zd@%llu\n",
401		     __func__,
402		     &orangefs_inode->refn.khandle,
403		     count,
404		     llu(*offset));
405
406	ret = wait_for_direct_io(ORANGEFS_IO_READ, inode, offset, iter,
407			count, readahead_size);
408	if (ret > 0)
409		*offset += ret;
410
411	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
412		     "%s(%pU): Value(%zd) returned.\n",
413		     __func__,
414		     &orangefs_inode->refn.khandle,
415		     ret);
416
 
 
 
417	return ret;
418}
419
420static ssize_t orangefs_file_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
 
421{
422	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
423	loff_t pos = *(&iocb->ki_pos);
424	ssize_t rc = 0;
425
426	BUG_ON(iocb->private);
427
428	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG, "orangefs_file_read_iter\n");
429
430	g_orangefs_stats.reads++;
431
432	rc = do_readv_writev(ORANGEFS_IO_READ, file, &pos, iter);
433	iocb->ki_pos = pos;
 
 
 
434
435	return rc;
 
436}
437
438static ssize_t orangefs_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
439{
440	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
441	loff_t pos;
442	ssize_t rc;
443
444	BUG_ON(iocb->private);
445
446	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG, "orangefs_file_write_iter\n");
447
448	mutex_lock(&file->f_mapping->host->i_mutex);
449
450	/* Make sure generic_write_checks sees an up to date inode size. */
451	if (file->f_flags & O_APPEND) {
452		rc = orangefs_inode_getattr(file->f_mapping->host, 0, 1);
453		if (rc == -ESTALE)
454			rc = -EIO;
455		if (rc) {
456			gossip_err("%s: orangefs_inode_getattr failed, "
457			    "rc:%zd:.\n", __func__, rc);
458			goto out;
459		}
460	}
461
462	if (file->f_pos > i_size_read(file->f_mapping->host))
463		orangefs_i_size_write(file->f_mapping->host, file->f_pos);
464
465	rc = generic_write_checks(iocb, iter);
466
467	if (rc <= 0) {
468		gossip_err("%s: generic_write_checks failed, rc:%zd:.\n",
469			   __func__, rc);
470		goto out;
471	}
472
473	/*
474	 * if we are appending, generic_write_checks would have updated
475	 * pos to the end of the file, so we will wait till now to set
476	 * pos...
477	 */
478	pos = *(&iocb->ki_pos);
479
480	rc = do_readv_writev(ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE,
481			     file,
482			     &pos,
483			     iter);
484	if (rc < 0) {
485		gossip_err("%s: do_readv_writev failed, rc:%zd:.\n",
486			   __func__, rc);
487		goto out;
488	}
489
490	iocb->ki_pos = pos;
491	g_orangefs_stats.writes++;
492
493out:
494
495	mutex_unlock(&file->f_mapping->host->i_mutex);
496	return rc;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
497}
498
499/*
500 * Perform a miscellaneous operation on a file.
501 */
502static long orangefs_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
503{
 
504	int ret = -ENOTTY;
505	__u64 val = 0;
506	unsigned long uval;
507
508	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
509		     "orangefs_ioctl: called with cmd %d\n",
510		     cmd);
511
512	/*
513	 * we understand some general ioctls on files, such as the immutable
514	 * and append flags
515	 */
516	if (cmd == FS_IOC_GETFLAGS) {
517		val = 0;
518		ret = orangefs_inode_getxattr(file_inode(file),
519					      ORANGEFS_XATTR_NAME_DEFAULT_PREFIX,
520					      "user.pvfs2.meta_hint",
521					      &val, sizeof(val));
522		if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENODATA)
523			return ret;
524		else if (ret == -ENODATA)
525			val = 0;
526		uval = val;
527		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
528			     "orangefs_ioctl: FS_IOC_GETFLAGS: %llu\n",
529			     (unsigned long long)uval);
530		return put_user(uval, (int __user *)arg);
531	} else if (cmd == FS_IOC_SETFLAGS) {
 
 
532		ret = 0;
533		if (get_user(uval, (int __user *)arg))
534			return -EFAULT;
535		/*
536		 * ORANGEFS_MIRROR_FL is set internally when the mirroring mode
537		 * is turned on for a file. The user is not allowed to turn
538		 * on this bit, but the bit is present if the user first gets
539		 * the flags and then updates the flags with some new
540		 * settings. So, we ignore it in the following edit. bligon.
541		 */
542		if ((uval & ~ORANGEFS_MIRROR_FL) &
543		    (~(FS_IMMUTABLE_FL | FS_APPEND_FL | FS_NOATIME_FL))) {
544			gossip_err("orangefs_ioctl: the FS_IOC_SETFLAGS only supports setting one of FS_IMMUTABLE_FL|FS_APPEND_FL|FS_NOATIME_FL\n");
545			return -EINVAL;
546		}
 
 
 
 
 
 
547		val = uval;
548		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
549			     "orangefs_ioctl: FS_IOC_SETFLAGS: %llu\n",
550			     (unsigned long long)val);
551		ret = orangefs_inode_setxattr(file_inode(file),
552					      ORANGEFS_XATTR_NAME_DEFAULT_PREFIX,
553					      "user.pvfs2.meta_hint",
554					      &val, sizeof(val), 0);
555	}
556
557	return ret;
558}
559
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
560/*
561 * Memory map a region of a file.
562 */
563static int orangefs_file_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
564{
 
 
 
 
 
 
565	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
566		     "orangefs_file_mmap: called on %s\n",
567		     (file ?
568			(char *)file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name :
569			(char *)"Unknown"));
570
571	/* set the sequential readahead hint */
572	vma->vm_flags |= VM_SEQ_READ;
573	vma->vm_flags &= ~VM_RAND_READ;
574
575	/* Use readonly mmap since we cannot support writable maps. */
576	return generic_file_readonly_mmap(file, vma);
 
577}
578
579#define mapping_nrpages(idata) ((idata)->nrpages)
580
581/*
582 * Called to notify the module that there are no more references to
583 * this file (i.e. no processes have it open).
584 *
585 * \note Not called when each file is closed.
586 */
587static int orangefs_file_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
588{
589	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
590		     "orangefs_file_release: called on %s\n",
591		     file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name);
592
593	orangefs_flush_inode(inode);
594
595	/*
596	 * remove all associated inode pages from the page cache and mmap
597	 * readahead cache (if any); this forces an expensive refresh of
598	 * data for the next caller of mmap (or 'get_block' accesses)
599	 */
600	if (file->f_path.dentry->d_inode &&
601	    file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mapping &&
602	    mapping_nrpages(&file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_data))
603		truncate_inode_pages(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mapping,
604				     0);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
605	return 0;
606}
607
608/*
609 * Push all data for a specific file onto permanent storage.
610 */
611static int orangefs_fsync(struct file *file,
612		       loff_t start,
613		       loff_t end,
614		       int datasync)
615{
616	int ret = -EINVAL;
617	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode =
618		ORANGEFS_I(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode);
619	struct orangefs_kernel_op_s *new_op = NULL;
620
621	/* required call */
622	filemap_write_and_wait_range(file->f_mapping, start, end);
 
 
623
624	new_op = op_alloc(ORANGEFS_VFS_OP_FSYNC);
625	if (!new_op)
626		return -ENOMEM;
627	new_op->upcall.req.fsync.refn = orangefs_inode->refn;
628
629	ret = service_operation(new_op,
630			"orangefs_fsync",
631			get_interruptible_flag(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode));
632
633	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
634		     "orangefs_fsync got return value of %d\n",
635		     ret);
636
637	op_release(new_op);
638
639	orangefs_flush_inode(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode);
640	return ret;
641}
642
643/*
644 * Change the file pointer position for an instance of an open file.
645 *
646 * \note If .llseek is overriden, we must acquire lock as described in
647 *       Documentation/filesystems/Locking.
648 *
649 * Future upgrade could support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE but would
650 * require much changes to the FS
651 */
652static loff_t orangefs_file_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int origin)
653{
654	int ret = -EINVAL;
655	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
656
657	if (origin == SEEK_END) {
658		/*
659		 * revalidate the inode's file size.
660		 * NOTE: We are only interested in file size here,
661		 * so we set mask accordingly.
662		 */
663		ret = orangefs_inode_getattr(file->f_mapping->host, 0, 1);
 
664		if (ret == -ESTALE)
665			ret = -EIO;
666		if (ret) {
667			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
668				     "%s:%s:%d calling make bad inode\n",
669				     __FILE__,
670				     __func__,
671				     __LINE__);
672			return ret;
673		}
674	}
675
676	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
677		     "orangefs_file_llseek: offset is %ld | origin is %d"
678		     " | inode size is %lu\n",
679		     (long)offset,
680		     origin,
681		     (unsigned long)i_size_read(inode));
682
683	return generic_file_llseek(file, offset, origin);
684}
685
686/*
687 * Support local locks (locks that only this kernel knows about)
688 * if Orangefs was mounted -o local_lock.
689 */
690static int orangefs_lock(struct file *filp, int cmd, struct file_lock *fl)
691{
692	int rc = -EINVAL;
693
694	if (ORANGEFS_SB(filp->f_inode->i_sb)->flags & ORANGEFS_OPT_LOCAL_LOCK) {
695		if (cmd == F_GETLK) {
696			rc = 0;
697			posix_test_lock(filp, fl);
698		} else {
699			rc = posix_lock_file(filp, fl, NULL);
700		}
701	}
702
703	return rc;
704}
705
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
706/** ORANGEFS implementation of VFS file operations */
707const struct file_operations orangefs_file_operations = {
708	.llseek		= orangefs_file_llseek,
709	.read_iter	= orangefs_file_read_iter,
710	.write_iter	= orangefs_file_write_iter,
711	.lock		= orangefs_lock,
712	.unlocked_ioctl	= orangefs_ioctl,
713	.mmap		= orangefs_file_mmap,
714	.open		= generic_file_open,
 
715	.release	= orangefs_file_release,
716	.fsync		= orangefs_fsync,
717};
v5.4
  1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
  2/*
  3 * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  4 * Copyright 2018 Omnibond Systems, L.L.C.
  5 *
  6 * See COPYING in top-level directory.
  7 */
  8
  9/*
 10 *  Linux VFS file operations.
 11 */
 12
 13#include "protocol.h"
 14#include "orangefs-kernel.h"
 15#include "orangefs-bufmap.h"
 16#include <linux/fs.h>
 17#include <linux/pagemap.h>
 18
 19static int flush_racache(struct inode *inode)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20{
 21	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode = ORANGEFS_I(inode);
 22	struct orangefs_kernel_op_s *new_op;
 23	int ret;
 
 
 24
 25	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_UTILS_DEBUG,
 26	    "%s: %pU: Handle is %pU | fs_id %d\n", __func__,
 27	    get_khandle_from_ino(inode), &orangefs_inode->refn.khandle,
 28	    orangefs_inode->refn.fs_id);
 29
 30	new_op = op_alloc(ORANGEFS_VFS_OP_RA_FLUSH);
 31	if (!new_op)
 32		return -ENOMEM;
 33	new_op->upcall.req.ra_cache_flush.refn = orangefs_inode->refn;
 
 
 
 
 
 34
 35	ret = service_operation(new_op, "orangefs_flush_racache",
 36	    get_interruptible_flag(inode));
 
 
 
 
 37
 38	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_UTILS_DEBUG, "%s: got return value of %d\n",
 39	    __func__, ret);
 40
 41	op_release(new_op);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 42	return ret;
 43}
 44
 45/*
 46 * Post and wait for the I/O upcall to finish
 47 */
 48ssize_t wait_for_direct_io(enum ORANGEFS_io_type type, struct inode *inode,
 49    loff_t *offset, struct iov_iter *iter, size_t total_size,
 50    loff_t readahead_size, struct orangefs_write_range *wr, int *index_return)
 51{
 52	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode = ORANGEFS_I(inode);
 53	struct orangefs_khandle *handle = &orangefs_inode->refn.khandle;
 54	struct orangefs_kernel_op_s *new_op = NULL;
 55	int buffer_index;
 
 56	ssize_t ret;
 57	size_t copy_amount;
 58
 59	new_op = op_alloc(ORANGEFS_VFS_OP_FILE_IO);
 60	if (!new_op)
 61		return -ENOMEM;
 62
 63	/* synchronous I/O */
 64	new_op->upcall.req.io.readahead_size = readahead_size;
 65	new_op->upcall.req.io.io_type = type;
 66	new_op->upcall.req.io.refn = orangefs_inode->refn;
 67
 68populate_shared_memory:
 69	/* get a shared buffer index */
 70	buffer_index = orangefs_bufmap_get();
 71	if (buffer_index < 0) {
 72		ret = buffer_index;
 73		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
 74			     "%s: orangefs_bufmap_get failure (%zd)\n",
 75			     __func__, ret);
 76		goto out;
 77	}
 78	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
 79		     "%s(%pU): GET op %p -> buffer_index %d\n",
 80		     __func__,
 81		     handle,
 82		     new_op,
 83		     buffer_index);
 84
 85	new_op->uses_shared_memory = 1;
 86	new_op->upcall.req.io.buf_index = buffer_index;
 87	new_op->upcall.req.io.count = total_size;
 88	new_op->upcall.req.io.offset = *offset;
 89	if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE && wr) {
 90		new_op->upcall.uid = from_kuid(&init_user_ns, wr->uid);
 91		new_op->upcall.gid = from_kgid(&init_user_ns, wr->gid);
 92	}
 93
 94	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
 95		     "%s(%pU): offset: %llu total_size: %zd\n",
 96		     __func__,
 97		     handle,
 98		     llu(*offset),
 99		     total_size);
100	/*
101	 * Stage 1: copy the buffers into client-core's address space
 
102	 */
103	if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE && total_size) {
104		ret = orangefs_bufmap_copy_from_iovec(iter, buffer_index,
105		    total_size);
106		if (ret < 0) {
107			gossip_err("%s: Failed to copy-in buffers. Please make sure that the pvfs2-client is running. %ld\n",
108			    __func__, (long)ret);
109			goto out;
110		}
111	}
112
113	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
114		     "%s(%pU): Calling post_io_request with tag (%llu)\n",
115		     __func__,
116		     handle,
117		     llu(new_op->tag));
118
119	/* Stage 2: Service the I/O operation */
120	ret = service_operation(new_op,
121				type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE ?
122					"file_write" :
123					"file_read",
124				get_interruptible_flag(inode));
125
126	/*
127	 * If service_operation() returns -EAGAIN #and# the operation was
128	 * purged from orangefs_request_list or htable_ops_in_progress, then
129	 * we know that the client was restarted, causing the shared memory
130	 * area to be wiped clean.  To restart a  write operation in this
131	 * case, we must re-copy the data from the user's iovec to a NEW
132	 * shared memory location. To restart a read operation, we must get
133	 * a new shared memory location.
134	 */
135	if (ret == -EAGAIN && op_state_purged(new_op)) {
136		orangefs_bufmap_put(buffer_index);
 
137		if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_WRITE)
138			iov_iter_revert(iter, total_size);
139		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
140			     "%s:going to repopulate_shared_memory.\n",
141			     __func__);
142		goto populate_shared_memory;
143	}
144
145	if (ret < 0) {
146		if (ret == -EINTR) {
147			/*
148			 * We can't return EINTR if any data was written,
149			 * it's not POSIX. It is minimally acceptable
150			 * to give a partial write, the way NFS does.
151			 *
152			 * It would be optimal to return all or nothing,
153			 * but if a userspace write is bigger than
154			 * an IO buffer, and the interrupt occurs
155			 * between buffer writes, that would not be
156			 * possible.
157			 */
158			switch (new_op->op_state - OP_VFS_STATE_GIVEN_UP) {
159			/*
160			 * If the op was waiting when the interrupt
161			 * occurred, then the client-core did not
162			 * trigger the write.
163			 */
164			case OP_VFS_STATE_WAITING:
165				if (*offset == 0)
166					ret = -EINTR;
167				else
168					ret = 0;
169				break;
170			/*
171			 * If the op was in progress when the interrupt
172			 * occurred, then the client-core was able to
173			 * trigger the write.
174			 */
175			case OP_VFS_STATE_INPROGR:
176				if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ)
177					ret = -EINTR;
178				else
179					ret = total_size;
180				break;
181			default:
182				gossip_err("%s: unexpected op state :%d:.\n",
183					   __func__,
184					   new_op->op_state);
185				ret = 0;
186				break;
187			}
188			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
189				     "%s: got EINTR, state:%d: %p\n",
190				     __func__,
191				     new_op->op_state,
192				     new_op);
193		} else {
194			gossip_err("%s: error in %s handle %pU, returning %zd\n",
195				__func__,
196				type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ ?
197					"read from" : "write to",
198				handle, ret);
199		}
200		if (orangefs_cancel_op_in_progress(new_op))
201			return ret;
202
203		goto out;
204	}
205
206	/*
207	 * Stage 3: Post copy buffers from client-core's address space
 
208	 */
209	if (type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ && new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete) {
210		/*
211		 * NOTE: the iovector can either contain addresses which
212		 *       can futher be kernel-space or user-space addresses.
213		 *       or it can pointers to struct page's
214		 */
215
216		/*
217		 * When reading, readahead_size will only be zero when
218		 * we're doing O_DIRECT, otherwise we got here from
219		 * orangefs_readpage.
220		 *
221		 * If we got here from orangefs_readpage we want to
222		 * copy either a page or the whole file into the io
223		 * vector, whichever is smaller.
224		 */
225		if (readahead_size)
226			copy_amount =
227				min(new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete,
228					(__s64)PAGE_SIZE);
229		else
230			copy_amount = new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete;
231
232		ret = orangefs_bufmap_copy_to_iovec(iter, buffer_index,
233			copy_amount);
234		if (ret < 0) {
235			gossip_err("%s: Failed to copy-out buffers. Please make sure that the pvfs2-client is running (%ld)\n",
236			    __func__, (long)ret);
237			goto out;
238		}
239	}
240	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
241	    "%s(%pU): Amount %s, returned by the sys-io call:%d\n",
242	    __func__,
243	    handle,
244	    type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ ?  "read" : "written",
245	    (int)new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete);
246
247	ret = new_op->downcall.resp.io.amt_complete;
248
249out:
250	if (buffer_index >= 0) {
251		if ((readahead_size) && (type == ORANGEFS_IO_READ)) {
252			/* readpage */
253			*index_return = buffer_index;
254			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
255				"%s: hold on to buffer_index :%d:\n",
256				__func__, buffer_index);
257		} else {
258			/* O_DIRECT */
259			orangefs_bufmap_put(buffer_index);
260			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
261				"%s(%pU): PUT buffer_index %d\n",
262				__func__, handle, buffer_index);
263		}
264	}
265	op_release(new_op);
266	return ret;
267}
268
269int orangefs_revalidate_mapping(struct inode *inode)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
270{
 
271	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode = ORANGEFS_I(inode);
272	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
273	unsigned long *bitlock = &orangefs_inode->bitlock;
274	int ret;
275
276	while (1) {
277		ret = wait_on_bit(bitlock, 1, TASK_KILLABLE);
278		if (ret)
279			return ret;
280		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
281		if (test_bit(1, bitlock)) {
282			spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
283			continue;
284		}
285		if (!time_before(jiffies, orangefs_inode->mapping_time))
286			break;
287		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
288		return 0;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
289	}
290
291	set_bit(1, bitlock);
292	smp_wmb();
293	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
294
295	unmap_mapping_range(mapping, 0, 0, 0);
296	ret = filemap_write_and_wait(mapping);
297	if (!ret)
298		ret = invalidate_inode_pages2(mapping);
 
 
 
 
 
 
299
300	orangefs_inode->mapping_time = jiffies +
301	    orangefs_cache_timeout_msecs*HZ/1000;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
302
303	clear_bit(1, bitlock);
304	smp_mb__after_atomic();
305	wake_up_bit(bitlock, 1);
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
306
307	return ret;
308}
309
310static ssize_t orangefs_file_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb,
311    struct iov_iter *iter)
 
 
 
 
 
 
312{
313	int ret;
314	struct orangefs_read_options *ro;
 
 
315
316	orangefs_stats.reads++;
317
318	/*
319	 * Remember how they set "count" in read(2) or pread(2) or whatever -
320	 * users can use count as a knob to control orangefs io size and later
321	 * we can try to help them fill as many pages as possible in readpage.
322	 */
323	if (!iocb->ki_filp->private_data) {
324		iocb->ki_filp->private_data = kmalloc(sizeof *ro, GFP_KERNEL);
325		if (!iocb->ki_filp->private_data)
326			return(ENOMEM);
327		ro = iocb->ki_filp->private_data;
328		ro->blksiz = iter->count;
329	}
330
331	down_read(&file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)->i_rwsem);
332	ret = orangefs_revalidate_mapping(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp));
333	if (ret)
334		goto out;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
335
336	ret = generic_file_read_iter(iocb, iter);
337out:
338	up_read(&file_inode(iocb->ki_filp)->i_rwsem);
339	return ret;
340}
341
342static ssize_t orangefs_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb,
343    struct iov_iter *iter)
344{
345	int ret;
346	orangefs_stats.writes++;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
347
348	if (iocb->ki_pos > i_size_read(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp))) {
349		ret = orangefs_revalidate_mapping(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp));
350		if (ret)
351			return ret;
352	}
353
354	ret = generic_file_write_iter(iocb, iter);
355	return ret;
356}
357
358static int orangefs_getflags(struct inode *inode, unsigned long *uval)
359{
360	__u64 val = 0;
361	int ret;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
362
363	ret = orangefs_inode_getxattr(inode,
364				      "user.pvfs2.meta_hint",
365				      &val, sizeof(val));
366	if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENODATA)
367		return ret;
368	else if (ret == -ENODATA)
369		val = 0;
370	*uval = val;
371	return 0;
372}
373
374/*
375 * Perform a miscellaneous operation on a file.
376 */
377static long orangefs_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
378{
379	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
380	int ret = -ENOTTY;
381	__u64 val = 0;
382	unsigned long uval;
383
384	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
385		     "orangefs_ioctl: called with cmd %d\n",
386		     cmd);
387
388	/*
389	 * we understand some general ioctls on files, such as the immutable
390	 * and append flags
391	 */
392	if (cmd == FS_IOC_GETFLAGS) {
393		ret = orangefs_getflags(inode, &uval);
394		if (ret)
 
 
 
 
395			return ret;
 
 
 
396		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
397			     "orangefs_ioctl: FS_IOC_GETFLAGS: %llu\n",
398			     (unsigned long long)uval);
399		return put_user(uval, (int __user *)arg);
400	} else if (cmd == FS_IOC_SETFLAGS) {
401		unsigned long old_uval;
402
403		ret = 0;
404		if (get_user(uval, (int __user *)arg))
405			return -EFAULT;
406		/*
407		 * ORANGEFS_MIRROR_FL is set internally when the mirroring mode
408		 * is turned on for a file. The user is not allowed to turn
409		 * on this bit, but the bit is present if the user first gets
410		 * the flags and then updates the flags with some new
411		 * settings. So, we ignore it in the following edit. bligon.
412		 */
413		if ((uval & ~ORANGEFS_MIRROR_FL) &
414		    (~(FS_IMMUTABLE_FL | FS_APPEND_FL | FS_NOATIME_FL))) {
415			gossip_err("orangefs_ioctl: the FS_IOC_SETFLAGS only supports setting one of FS_IMMUTABLE_FL|FS_APPEND_FL|FS_NOATIME_FL\n");
416			return -EINVAL;
417		}
418		ret = orangefs_getflags(inode, &old_uval);
419		if (ret)
420			return ret;
421		ret = vfs_ioc_setflags_prepare(inode, old_uval, uval);
422		if (ret)
423			return ret;
424		val = uval;
425		gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
426			     "orangefs_ioctl: FS_IOC_SETFLAGS: %llu\n",
427			     (unsigned long long)val);
428		ret = orangefs_inode_setxattr(inode,
 
429					      "user.pvfs2.meta_hint",
430					      &val, sizeof(val), 0);
431	}
432
433	return ret;
434}
435
436static vm_fault_t orangefs_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
437{
438	struct file *file = vmf->vma->vm_file;
439	int ret;
440	ret = orangefs_inode_getattr(file->f_mapping->host,
441	    ORANGEFS_GETATTR_SIZE);
442	if (ret == -ESTALE)
443		ret = -EIO;
444	if (ret) {
445		gossip_err("%s: orangefs_inode_getattr failed, "
446		    "ret:%d:.\n", __func__, ret);
447		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
448	}
449	return filemap_fault(vmf);
450}
451
452static const struct vm_operations_struct orangefs_file_vm_ops = {
453	.fault = orangefs_fault,
454	.map_pages = filemap_map_pages,
455	.page_mkwrite = orangefs_page_mkwrite,
456};
457
458/*
459 * Memory map a region of a file.
460 */
461static int orangefs_file_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
462{
463	int ret;
464
465	ret = orangefs_revalidate_mapping(file_inode(file));
466	if (ret)
467		return ret;
468
469	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
470		     "orangefs_file_mmap: called on %s\n",
471		     (file ?
472			(char *)file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name :
473			(char *)"Unknown"));
474
475	/* set the sequential readahead hint */
476	vma->vm_flags |= VM_SEQ_READ;
477	vma->vm_flags &= ~VM_RAND_READ;
478
479	file_accessed(file);
480	vma->vm_ops = &orangefs_file_vm_ops;
481	return 0;
482}
483
484#define mapping_nrpages(idata) ((idata)->nrpages)
485
486/*
487 * Called to notify the module that there are no more references to
488 * this file (i.e. no processes have it open).
489 *
490 * \note Not called when each file is closed.
491 */
492static int orangefs_file_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
493{
494	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
495		     "orangefs_file_release: called on %pD\n",
496		     file);
 
 
497
498	/*
499	 * remove all associated inode pages from the page cache and
500	 * readahead cache (if any); this forces an expensive refresh of
501	 * data for the next caller of mmap (or 'get_block' accesses)
502	 */
503	if (file_inode(file) &&
504	    file_inode(file)->i_mapping &&
505	    mapping_nrpages(&file_inode(file)->i_data)) {
506		if (orangefs_features & ORANGEFS_FEATURE_READAHEAD) {
507			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_INODE_DEBUG,
508			    "calling flush_racache on %pU\n",
509			    get_khandle_from_ino(inode));
510			flush_racache(inode);
511			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_INODE_DEBUG,
512			    "flush_racache finished\n");
513		}
514
515	}
516	return 0;
517}
518
519/*
520 * Push all data for a specific file onto permanent storage.
521 */
522static int orangefs_fsync(struct file *file,
523		       loff_t start,
524		       loff_t end,
525		       int datasync)
526{
527	int ret;
528	struct orangefs_inode_s *orangefs_inode =
529		ORANGEFS_I(file_inode(file));
530	struct orangefs_kernel_op_s *new_op = NULL;
531
532	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(file_inode(file)->i_mapping,
533	    start, end);
534	if (ret < 0)
535		return ret;
536
537	new_op = op_alloc(ORANGEFS_VFS_OP_FSYNC);
538	if (!new_op)
539		return -ENOMEM;
540	new_op->upcall.req.fsync.refn = orangefs_inode->refn;
541
542	ret = service_operation(new_op,
543			"orangefs_fsync",
544			get_interruptible_flag(file_inode(file)));
545
546	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
547		     "orangefs_fsync got return value of %d\n",
548		     ret);
549
550	op_release(new_op);
 
 
551	return ret;
552}
553
554/*
555 * Change the file pointer position for an instance of an open file.
556 *
557 * \note If .llseek is overriden, we must acquire lock as described in
558 *       Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst.
559 *
560 * Future upgrade could support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE but would
561 * require much changes to the FS
562 */
563static loff_t orangefs_file_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int origin)
564{
565	int ret = -EINVAL;
566	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
567
568	if (origin == SEEK_END) {
569		/*
570		 * revalidate the inode's file size.
571		 * NOTE: We are only interested in file size here,
572		 * so we set mask accordingly.
573		 */
574		ret = orangefs_inode_getattr(file->f_mapping->host,
575		    ORANGEFS_GETATTR_SIZE);
576		if (ret == -ESTALE)
577			ret = -EIO;
578		if (ret) {
579			gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
580				     "%s:%s:%d calling make bad inode\n",
581				     __FILE__,
582				     __func__,
583				     __LINE__);
584			return ret;
585		}
586	}
587
588	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_FILE_DEBUG,
589		     "orangefs_file_llseek: offset is %ld | origin is %d"
590		     " | inode size is %lu\n",
591		     (long)offset,
592		     origin,
593		     (unsigned long)i_size_read(inode));
594
595	return generic_file_llseek(file, offset, origin);
596}
597
598/*
599 * Support local locks (locks that only this kernel knows about)
600 * if Orangefs was mounted -o local_lock.
601 */
602static int orangefs_lock(struct file *filp, int cmd, struct file_lock *fl)
603{
604	int rc = -EINVAL;
605
606	if (ORANGEFS_SB(file_inode(filp)->i_sb)->flags & ORANGEFS_OPT_LOCAL_LOCK) {
607		if (cmd == F_GETLK) {
608			rc = 0;
609			posix_test_lock(filp, fl);
610		} else {
611			rc = posix_lock_file(filp, fl, NULL);
612		}
613	}
614
615	return rc;
616}
617
618static int orangefs_file_open(struct inode * inode, struct file *file)
619{
620	file->private_data = NULL;
621	return generic_file_open(inode, file);
622}
623
624static int orangefs_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
625{
626	/*
627	 * This is vfs_fsync_range(file, 0, LLONG_MAX, 0) without the
628	 * service_operation in orangefs_fsync.
629	 *
630	 * Do not send fsync to OrangeFS server on a close.  Do send fsync
631	 * on an explicit fsync call.  This duplicates historical OrangeFS
632	 * behavior.
633	 */
634	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
635	int r;
636
637	kfree(file->private_data);
638	file->private_data = NULL;
639
640	if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) {
641		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
642		inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY_TIME;
643		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
644		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
645	}
646
647	r = filemap_write_and_wait_range(file->f_mapping, 0, LLONG_MAX);
648	if (r > 0)
649		return 0;
650	else
651		return r;
652}
653
654/** ORANGEFS implementation of VFS file operations */
655const struct file_operations orangefs_file_operations = {
656	.llseek		= orangefs_file_llseek,
657	.read_iter	= orangefs_file_read_iter,
658	.write_iter	= orangefs_file_write_iter,
659	.lock		= orangefs_lock,
660	.unlocked_ioctl	= orangefs_ioctl,
661	.mmap		= orangefs_file_mmap,
662	.open		= orangefs_file_open,
663	.flush		= orangefs_flush,
664	.release	= orangefs_file_release,
665	.fsync		= orangefs_fsync,
666};