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1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 2014, The Linux Foundation. All rights reserved.
3 * Debug helper to dump the current kernel pagetables of the system
4 * so that we can see what the various memory ranges are set to.
5 *
6 * Derived from x86 and arm implementation:
7 * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation
8 *
9 * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
10 *
11 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
12 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
13 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
14 * of the License.
15 */
16#include <linux/debugfs.h>
17#include <linux/errno.h>
18#include <linux/fs.h>
19#include <linux/io.h>
20#include <linux/init.h>
21#include <linux/mm.h>
22#include <linux/sched.h>
23#include <linux/seq_file.h>
24
25#include <asm/fixmap.h>
26#include <asm/memory.h>
27#include <asm/pgtable.h>
28#include <asm/pgtable-hwdef.h>
29
30struct addr_marker {
31 unsigned long start_address;
32 const char *name;
33};
34
35enum address_markers_idx {
36 MODULES_START_NR = 0,
37 MODULES_END_NR,
38 VMALLOC_START_NR,
39 VMALLOC_END_NR,
40#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
41 VMEMMAP_START_NR,
42 VMEMMAP_END_NR,
43#endif
44 FIXADDR_START_NR,
45 FIXADDR_END_NR,
46 PCI_START_NR,
47 PCI_END_NR,
48 KERNEL_SPACE_NR,
49};
50
51static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
52 { MODULES_VADDR, "Modules start" },
53 { MODULES_END, "Modules end" },
54 { VMALLOC_START, "vmalloc() Area" },
55 { VMALLOC_END, "vmalloc() End" },
56#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
57 { 0, "vmemmap start" },
58 { 0, "vmemmap end" },
59#endif
60 { FIXADDR_START, "Fixmap start" },
61 { FIXADDR_TOP, "Fixmap end" },
62 { PCI_IO_START, "PCI I/O start" },
63 { PCI_IO_END, "PCI I/O end" },
64 { PAGE_OFFSET, "Linear Mapping" },
65 { -1, NULL },
66};
67
68/*
69 * The page dumper groups page table entries of the same type into a single
70 * description. It uses pg_state to track the range information while
71 * iterating over the pte entries. When the continuity is broken it then
72 * dumps out a description of the range.
73 */
74struct pg_state {
75 struct seq_file *seq;
76 const struct addr_marker *marker;
77 unsigned long start_address;
78 unsigned level;
79 u64 current_prot;
80};
81
82struct prot_bits {
83 u64 mask;
84 u64 val;
85 const char *set;
86 const char *clear;
87};
88
89static const struct prot_bits pte_bits[] = {
90 {
91 .mask = PTE_VALID,
92 .val = PTE_VALID,
93 .set = " ",
94 .clear = "F",
95 }, {
96 .mask = PTE_USER,
97 .val = PTE_USER,
98 .set = "USR",
99 .clear = " ",
100 }, {
101 .mask = PTE_RDONLY,
102 .val = PTE_RDONLY,
103 .set = "ro",
104 .clear = "RW",
105 }, {
106 .mask = PTE_PXN,
107 .val = PTE_PXN,
108 .set = "NX",
109 .clear = "x ",
110 }, {
111 .mask = PTE_SHARED,
112 .val = PTE_SHARED,
113 .set = "SHD",
114 .clear = " ",
115 }, {
116 .mask = PTE_AF,
117 .val = PTE_AF,
118 .set = "AF",
119 .clear = " ",
120 }, {
121 .mask = PTE_NG,
122 .val = PTE_NG,
123 .set = "NG",
124 .clear = " ",
125 }, {
126 .mask = PTE_CONT,
127 .val = PTE_CONT,
128 .set = "CON",
129 .clear = " ",
130 }, {
131 .mask = PTE_TABLE_BIT,
132 .val = PTE_TABLE_BIT,
133 .set = " ",
134 .clear = "BLK",
135 }, {
136 .mask = PTE_UXN,
137 .val = PTE_UXN,
138 .set = "UXN",
139 }, {
140 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
141 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_nGnRnE),
142 .set = "DEVICE/nGnRnE",
143 }, {
144 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
145 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_nGnRE),
146 .set = "DEVICE/nGnRE",
147 }, {
148 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
149 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_GRE),
150 .set = "DEVICE/GRE",
151 }, {
152 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
153 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL_NC),
154 .set = "MEM/NORMAL-NC",
155 }, {
156 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
157 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL),
158 .set = "MEM/NORMAL",
159 }
160};
161
162struct pg_level {
163 const struct prot_bits *bits;
164 size_t num;
165 u64 mask;
166};
167
168static struct pg_level pg_level[] = {
169 {
170 }, { /* pgd */
171 .bits = pte_bits,
172 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
173 }, { /* pud */
174 .bits = pte_bits,
175 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
176 }, { /* pmd */
177 .bits = pte_bits,
178 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
179 }, { /* pte */
180 .bits = pte_bits,
181 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
182 },
183};
184
185static void dump_prot(struct pg_state *st, const struct prot_bits *bits,
186 size_t num)
187{
188 unsigned i;
189
190 for (i = 0; i < num; i++, bits++) {
191 const char *s;
192
193 if ((st->current_prot & bits->mask) == bits->val)
194 s = bits->set;
195 else
196 s = bits->clear;
197
198 if (s)
199 seq_printf(st->seq, " %s", s);
200 }
201}
202
203static void note_page(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr, unsigned level,
204 u64 val)
205{
206 static const char units[] = "KMGTPE";
207 u64 prot = val & pg_level[level].mask;
208
209 if (!st->level) {
210 st->level = level;
211 st->current_prot = prot;
212 st->start_address = addr;
213 seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
214 } else if (prot != st->current_prot || level != st->level ||
215 addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
216 const char *unit = units;
217 unsigned long delta;
218
219 if (st->current_prot) {
220 seq_printf(st->seq, "0x%016lx-0x%016lx ",
221 st->start_address, addr);
222
223 delta = (addr - st->start_address) >> 10;
224 while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) {
225 delta >>= 10;
226 unit++;
227 }
228 seq_printf(st->seq, "%9lu%c", delta, *unit);
229 if (pg_level[st->level].bits)
230 dump_prot(st, pg_level[st->level].bits,
231 pg_level[st->level].num);
232 seq_puts(st->seq, "\n");
233 }
234
235 if (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
236 st->marker++;
237 seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
238 }
239
240 st->start_address = addr;
241 st->current_prot = prot;
242 st->level = level;
243 }
244
245 if (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
246 st->marker++;
247 seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
248 }
249
250}
251
252static void walk_pte(struct pg_state *st, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start)
253{
254 pte_t *pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0);
255 unsigned long addr;
256 unsigned i;
257
258 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pte++) {
259 addr = start + i * PAGE_SIZE;
260 note_page(st, addr, 4, pte_val(*pte));
261 }
262}
263
264static void walk_pmd(struct pg_state *st, pud_t *pud, unsigned long start)
265{
266 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
267 unsigned long addr;
268 unsigned i;
269
270 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, pmd++) {
271 addr = start + i * PMD_SIZE;
272 if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_sect(*pmd)) {
273 note_page(st, addr, 3, pmd_val(*pmd));
274 } else {
275 BUG_ON(pmd_bad(*pmd));
276 walk_pte(st, pmd, addr);
277 }
278 }
279}
280
281static void walk_pud(struct pg_state *st, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long start)
282{
283 pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
284 unsigned long addr;
285 unsigned i;
286
287 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, pud++) {
288 addr = start + i * PUD_SIZE;
289 if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_sect(*pud)) {
290 note_page(st, addr, 2, pud_val(*pud));
291 } else {
292 BUG_ON(pud_bad(*pud));
293 walk_pmd(st, pud, addr);
294 }
295 }
296}
297
298static void walk_pgd(struct pg_state *st, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start)
299{
300 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(mm, 0UL);
301 unsigned i;
302 unsigned long addr;
303
304 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++, pgd++) {
305 addr = start + i * PGDIR_SIZE;
306 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
307 note_page(st, addr, 1, pgd_val(*pgd));
308 } else {
309 BUG_ON(pgd_bad(*pgd));
310 walk_pud(st, pgd, addr);
311 }
312 }
313}
314
315static int ptdump_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
316{
317 struct pg_state st = {
318 .seq = m,
319 .marker = address_markers,
320 };
321
322 walk_pgd(&st, &init_mm, VA_START);
323
324 note_page(&st, 0, 0, 0);
325 return 0;
326}
327
328static int ptdump_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
329{
330 return single_open(file, ptdump_show, NULL);
331}
332
333static const struct file_operations ptdump_fops = {
334 .open = ptdump_open,
335 .read = seq_read,
336 .llseek = seq_lseek,
337 .release = single_release,
338};
339
340static int ptdump_init(void)
341{
342 struct dentry *pe;
343 unsigned i, j;
344
345 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pg_level); i++)
346 if (pg_level[i].bits)
347 for (j = 0; j < pg_level[i].num; j++)
348 pg_level[i].mask |= pg_level[i].bits[j].mask;
349
350#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
351 address_markers[VMEMMAP_START_NR].start_address =
352 (unsigned long)virt_to_page(PAGE_OFFSET);
353 address_markers[VMEMMAP_END_NR].start_address =
354 (unsigned long)virt_to_page(high_memory);
355#endif
356
357 pe = debugfs_create_file("kernel_page_tables", 0400, NULL, NULL,
358 &ptdump_fops);
359 return pe ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
360}
361device_initcall(ptdump_init);
1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 2014, The Linux Foundation. All rights reserved.
3 * Debug helper to dump the current kernel pagetables of the system
4 * so that we can see what the various memory ranges are set to.
5 *
6 * Derived from x86 and arm implementation:
7 * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation
8 *
9 * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
10 *
11 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
12 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
13 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
14 * of the License.
15 */
16#include <linux/debugfs.h>
17#include <linux/errno.h>
18#include <linux/fs.h>
19#include <linux/io.h>
20#include <linux/init.h>
21#include <linux/mm.h>
22#include <linux/sched.h>
23#include <linux/seq_file.h>
24
25#include <asm/fixmap.h>
26#include <asm/kasan.h>
27#include <asm/memory.h>
28#include <asm/pgtable.h>
29#include <asm/pgtable-hwdef.h>
30#include <asm/ptdump.h>
31
32static const struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
33#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
34 { KASAN_SHADOW_START, "Kasan shadow start" },
35 { KASAN_SHADOW_END, "Kasan shadow end" },
36#endif
37 { MODULES_VADDR, "Modules start" },
38 { MODULES_END, "Modules end" },
39 { VMALLOC_START, "vmalloc() Area" },
40 { VMALLOC_END, "vmalloc() End" },
41 { FIXADDR_START, "Fixmap start" },
42 { FIXADDR_TOP, "Fixmap end" },
43 { PCI_IO_START, "PCI I/O start" },
44 { PCI_IO_END, "PCI I/O end" },
45#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
46 { VMEMMAP_START, "vmemmap start" },
47 { VMEMMAP_START + VMEMMAP_SIZE, "vmemmap end" },
48#endif
49 { PAGE_OFFSET, "Linear Mapping" },
50 { -1, NULL },
51};
52
53#define pt_dump_seq_printf(m, fmt, args...) \
54({ \
55 if (m) \
56 seq_printf(m, fmt, ##args); \
57})
58
59#define pt_dump_seq_puts(m, fmt) \
60({ \
61 if (m) \
62 seq_printf(m, fmt); \
63})
64
65/*
66 * The page dumper groups page table entries of the same type into a single
67 * description. It uses pg_state to track the range information while
68 * iterating over the pte entries. When the continuity is broken it then
69 * dumps out a description of the range.
70 */
71struct pg_state {
72 struct seq_file *seq;
73 const struct addr_marker *marker;
74 unsigned long start_address;
75 unsigned level;
76 u64 current_prot;
77 bool check_wx;
78 unsigned long wx_pages;
79 unsigned long uxn_pages;
80};
81
82struct prot_bits {
83 u64 mask;
84 u64 val;
85 const char *set;
86 const char *clear;
87};
88
89static const struct prot_bits pte_bits[] = {
90 {
91 .mask = PTE_VALID,
92 .val = PTE_VALID,
93 .set = " ",
94 .clear = "F",
95 }, {
96 .mask = PTE_USER,
97 .val = PTE_USER,
98 .set = "USR",
99 .clear = " ",
100 }, {
101 .mask = PTE_RDONLY,
102 .val = PTE_RDONLY,
103 .set = "ro",
104 .clear = "RW",
105 }, {
106 .mask = PTE_PXN,
107 .val = PTE_PXN,
108 .set = "NX",
109 .clear = "x ",
110 }, {
111 .mask = PTE_SHARED,
112 .val = PTE_SHARED,
113 .set = "SHD",
114 .clear = " ",
115 }, {
116 .mask = PTE_AF,
117 .val = PTE_AF,
118 .set = "AF",
119 .clear = " ",
120 }, {
121 .mask = PTE_NG,
122 .val = PTE_NG,
123 .set = "NG",
124 .clear = " ",
125 }, {
126 .mask = PTE_CONT,
127 .val = PTE_CONT,
128 .set = "CON",
129 .clear = " ",
130 }, {
131 .mask = PTE_TABLE_BIT,
132 .val = PTE_TABLE_BIT,
133 .set = " ",
134 .clear = "BLK",
135 }, {
136 .mask = PTE_UXN,
137 .val = PTE_UXN,
138 .set = "UXN",
139 }, {
140 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
141 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_nGnRnE),
142 .set = "DEVICE/nGnRnE",
143 }, {
144 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
145 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_nGnRE),
146 .set = "DEVICE/nGnRE",
147 }, {
148 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
149 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_GRE),
150 .set = "DEVICE/GRE",
151 }, {
152 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
153 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL_NC),
154 .set = "MEM/NORMAL-NC",
155 }, {
156 .mask = PTE_ATTRINDX_MASK,
157 .val = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL),
158 .set = "MEM/NORMAL",
159 }
160};
161
162struct pg_level {
163 const struct prot_bits *bits;
164 const char *name;
165 size_t num;
166 u64 mask;
167};
168
169static struct pg_level pg_level[] = {
170 {
171 }, { /* pgd */
172 .name = "PGD",
173 .bits = pte_bits,
174 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
175 }, { /* pud */
176 .name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 3) ? "PUD" : "PGD",
177 .bits = pte_bits,
178 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
179 }, { /* pmd */
180 .name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2) ? "PMD" : "PGD",
181 .bits = pte_bits,
182 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
183 }, { /* pte */
184 .name = "PTE",
185 .bits = pte_bits,
186 .num = ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
187 },
188};
189
190static void dump_prot(struct pg_state *st, const struct prot_bits *bits,
191 size_t num)
192{
193 unsigned i;
194
195 for (i = 0; i < num; i++, bits++) {
196 const char *s;
197
198 if ((st->current_prot & bits->mask) == bits->val)
199 s = bits->set;
200 else
201 s = bits->clear;
202
203 if (s)
204 pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " %s", s);
205 }
206}
207
208static void note_prot_uxn(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
209{
210 if (!st->check_wx)
211 return;
212
213 if ((st->current_prot & PTE_UXN) == PTE_UXN)
214 return;
215
216 WARN_ONCE(1, "arm64/mm: Found non-UXN mapping at address %p/%pS\n",
217 (void *)st->start_address, (void *)st->start_address);
218
219 st->uxn_pages += (addr - st->start_address) / PAGE_SIZE;
220}
221
222static void note_prot_wx(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
223{
224 if (!st->check_wx)
225 return;
226 if ((st->current_prot & PTE_RDONLY) == PTE_RDONLY)
227 return;
228 if ((st->current_prot & PTE_PXN) == PTE_PXN)
229 return;
230
231 WARN_ONCE(1, "arm64/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address %p/%pS\n",
232 (void *)st->start_address, (void *)st->start_address);
233
234 st->wx_pages += (addr - st->start_address) / PAGE_SIZE;
235}
236
237static void note_page(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr, unsigned level,
238 u64 val)
239{
240 static const char units[] = "KMGTPE";
241 u64 prot = val & pg_level[level].mask;
242
243 if (!st->level) {
244 st->level = level;
245 st->current_prot = prot;
246 st->start_address = addr;
247 pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
248 } else if (prot != st->current_prot || level != st->level ||
249 addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
250 const char *unit = units;
251 unsigned long delta;
252
253 if (st->current_prot) {
254 note_prot_uxn(st, addr);
255 note_prot_wx(st, addr);
256 pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "0x%016lx-0x%016lx ",
257 st->start_address, addr);
258
259 delta = (addr - st->start_address) >> 10;
260 while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) {
261 delta >>= 10;
262 unit++;
263 }
264 pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "%9lu%c %s", delta, *unit,
265 pg_level[st->level].name);
266 if (pg_level[st->level].bits)
267 dump_prot(st, pg_level[st->level].bits,
268 pg_level[st->level].num);
269 pt_dump_seq_puts(st->seq, "\n");
270 }
271
272 if (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
273 st->marker++;
274 pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
275 }
276
277 st->start_address = addr;
278 st->current_prot = prot;
279 st->level = level;
280 }
281
282 if (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
283 st->marker++;
284 pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
285 }
286
287}
288
289static void walk_pte(struct pg_state *st, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start)
290{
291 pte_t *pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0UL);
292 unsigned long addr;
293 unsigned i;
294
295 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pte++) {
296 addr = start + i * PAGE_SIZE;
297 note_page(st, addr, 4, pte_val(*pte));
298 }
299}
300
301static void walk_pmd(struct pg_state *st, pud_t *pud, unsigned long start)
302{
303 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0UL);
304 unsigned long addr;
305 unsigned i;
306
307 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, pmd++) {
308 addr = start + i * PMD_SIZE;
309 if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_sect(*pmd)) {
310 note_page(st, addr, 3, pmd_val(*pmd));
311 } else {
312 BUG_ON(pmd_bad(*pmd));
313 walk_pte(st, pmd, addr);
314 }
315 }
316}
317
318static void walk_pud(struct pg_state *st, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long start)
319{
320 pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0UL);
321 unsigned long addr;
322 unsigned i;
323
324 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, pud++) {
325 addr = start + i * PUD_SIZE;
326 if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_sect(*pud)) {
327 note_page(st, addr, 2, pud_val(*pud));
328 } else {
329 BUG_ON(pud_bad(*pud));
330 walk_pmd(st, pud, addr);
331 }
332 }
333}
334
335static void walk_pgd(struct pg_state *st, struct mm_struct *mm,
336 unsigned long start)
337{
338 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(mm, 0UL);
339 unsigned i;
340 unsigned long addr;
341
342 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++, pgd++) {
343 addr = start + i * PGDIR_SIZE;
344 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
345 note_page(st, addr, 1, pgd_val(*pgd));
346 } else {
347 BUG_ON(pgd_bad(*pgd));
348 walk_pud(st, pgd, addr);
349 }
350 }
351}
352
353void ptdump_walk_pgd(struct seq_file *m, struct ptdump_info *info)
354{
355 struct pg_state st = {
356 .seq = m,
357 .marker = info->markers,
358 };
359
360 walk_pgd(&st, info->mm, info->base_addr);
361
362 note_page(&st, 0, 0, 0);
363}
364
365static void ptdump_initialize(void)
366{
367 unsigned i, j;
368
369 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pg_level); i++)
370 if (pg_level[i].bits)
371 for (j = 0; j < pg_level[i].num; j++)
372 pg_level[i].mask |= pg_level[i].bits[j].mask;
373}
374
375static struct ptdump_info kernel_ptdump_info = {
376 .mm = &init_mm,
377 .markers = address_markers,
378 .base_addr = VA_START,
379};
380
381void ptdump_check_wx(void)
382{
383 struct pg_state st = {
384 .seq = NULL,
385 .marker = (struct addr_marker[]) {
386 { 0, NULL},
387 { -1, NULL},
388 },
389 .check_wx = true,
390 };
391
392 walk_pgd(&st, &init_mm, 0);
393 note_page(&st, 0, 0, 0);
394 if (st.wx_pages || st.uxn_pages)
395 pr_warn("Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, %lu W+X pages found, %lu non-UXN pages found\n",
396 st.wx_pages, st.uxn_pages);
397 else
398 pr_info("Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found\n");
399}
400
401static int ptdump_init(void)
402{
403 ptdump_initialize();
404 return ptdump_debugfs_register(&kernel_ptdump_info,
405 "kernel_page_tables");
406}
407device_initcall(ptdump_init);