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1/*
2 * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
3 *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
6 * Software Foundation; version 2.
7 *
8 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
9 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
10 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
11 * more details.
12 *
13 * You should find a copy of v2 of the GNU General Public License somewhere on
14 * your Linux system; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
15 * Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
16 *
17 * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
18 *
19 * Authors: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
20 */
21
22#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
23#define _GNU_SOURCE
24#include <stdio.h>
25#include <stdlib.h>
26#include <unistd.h>
27#include <stdint.h>
28#include <stdarg.h>
29#include <string.h>
30#include <getopt.h>
31#include <limits.h>
32#include <assert.h>
33#include <ftw.h>
34#include <time.h>
35#include <setjmp.h>
36#include <signal.h>
37#include <sys/types.h>
38#include <sys/errno.h>
39#include <sys/fcntl.h>
40#include <sys/mount.h>
41#include <sys/statfs.h>
42#include <sys/mman.h>
43#include "../../include/uapi/linux/magic.h"
44#include "../../include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h"
45#include <api/fs/fs.h>
46
47#ifndef MAX_PATH
48# define MAX_PATH 256
49#endif
50
51#ifndef STR
52# define _STR(x) #x
53# define STR(x) _STR(x)
54#endif
55
56/*
57 * pagemap kernel ABI bits
58 */
59
60#define PM_ENTRY_BYTES 8
61#define PM_PFRAME_BITS 55
62#define PM_PFRAME_MASK ((1LL << PM_PFRAME_BITS) - 1)
63#define PM_PFRAME(x) ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
64#define MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT 5
65#define PM_SWAP_OFFSET(x) (((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK) >> MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT)
66#define PM_SOFT_DIRTY (1ULL << 55)
67#define PM_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE (1ULL << 56)
68#define PM_FILE (1ULL << 61)
69#define PM_SWAP (1ULL << 62)
70#define PM_PRESENT (1ULL << 63)
71
72/*
73 * kernel page flags
74 */
75
76#define KPF_BYTES 8
77#define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS "/proc/kpageflags"
78#define PROC_KPAGECGROUP "/proc/kpagecgroup"
79
80/* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
81#define KPF_RESERVED 32
82#define KPF_MLOCKED 33
83#define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK 34
84#define KPF_PRIVATE 35
85#define KPF_PRIVATE_2 36
86#define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE 37
87#define KPF_ARCH 38
88#define KPF_UNCACHED 39
89#define KPF_SOFTDIRTY 40
90
91/* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
92 * not part of kernel API
93 */
94#define KPF_READAHEAD 48
95#define KPF_SLOB_FREE 49
96#define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN 50
97#define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG 51
98#define KPF_FILE 61
99#define KPF_SWAP 62
100#define KPF_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE 63
101
102#define KPF_ALL_BITS ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
103#define KPF_HACKERS_BITS (0xffffULL << 32)
104#define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS (0xffffULL << 48)
105#define BIT(name) (1ULL << KPF_##name)
106#define BITS_COMPOUND (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
107
108static const char * const page_flag_names[] = {
109 [KPF_LOCKED] = "L:locked",
110 [KPF_ERROR] = "E:error",
111 [KPF_REFERENCED] = "R:referenced",
112 [KPF_UPTODATE] = "U:uptodate",
113 [KPF_DIRTY] = "D:dirty",
114 [KPF_LRU] = "l:lru",
115 [KPF_ACTIVE] = "A:active",
116 [KPF_SLAB] = "S:slab",
117 [KPF_WRITEBACK] = "W:writeback",
118 [KPF_RECLAIM] = "I:reclaim",
119 [KPF_BUDDY] = "B:buddy",
120
121 [KPF_MMAP] = "M:mmap",
122 [KPF_ANON] = "a:anonymous",
123 [KPF_SWAPCACHE] = "s:swapcache",
124 [KPF_SWAPBACKED] = "b:swapbacked",
125 [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD] = "H:compound_head",
126 [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL] = "T:compound_tail",
127 [KPF_HUGE] = "G:huge",
128 [KPF_UNEVICTABLE] = "u:unevictable",
129 [KPF_HWPOISON] = "X:hwpoison",
130 [KPF_NOPAGE] = "n:nopage",
131 [KPF_KSM] = "x:ksm",
132 [KPF_THP] = "t:thp",
133 [KPF_BALLOON] = "o:balloon",
134 [KPF_ZERO_PAGE] = "z:zero_page",
135 [KPF_IDLE] = "i:idle_page",
136
137 [KPF_RESERVED] = "r:reserved",
138 [KPF_MLOCKED] = "m:mlocked",
139 [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK] = "d:mappedtodisk",
140 [KPF_PRIVATE] = "P:private",
141 [KPF_PRIVATE_2] = "p:private_2",
142 [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE] = "O:owner_private",
143 [KPF_ARCH] = "h:arch",
144 [KPF_UNCACHED] = "c:uncached",
145 [KPF_SOFTDIRTY] = "f:softdirty",
146
147 [KPF_READAHEAD] = "I:readahead",
148 [KPF_SLOB_FREE] = "P:slob_free",
149 [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN] = "A:slub_frozen",
150 [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG] = "E:slub_debug",
151
152 [KPF_FILE] = "F:file",
153 [KPF_SWAP] = "w:swap",
154 [KPF_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE] = "1:mmap_exclusive",
155};
156
157
158static const char * const debugfs_known_mountpoints[] = {
159 "/sys/kernel/debug",
160 "/debug",
161 0,
162};
163
164/*
165 * data structures
166 */
167
168static int opt_raw; /* for kernel developers */
169static int opt_list; /* list pages (in ranges) */
170static int opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
171static pid_t opt_pid; /* process to walk */
172const char *opt_file; /* file or directory path */
173static uint64_t opt_cgroup; /* cgroup inode */
174static int opt_list_cgroup;/* list page cgroup */
175static const char *opt_kpageflags;/* kpageflags file to parse */
176
177#define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
178static int nr_addr_ranges;
179static unsigned long opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
180static unsigned long opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
181
182#define MAX_VMAS 10240
183static int nr_vmas;
184static unsigned long pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
185static unsigned long pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
186
187#define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
188static int nr_bit_filters;
189static uint64_t opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
190static uint64_t opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
191
192static int page_size;
193
194static int pagemap_fd;
195static int kpageflags_fd;
196static int kpagecgroup_fd = -1;
197
198static int opt_hwpoison;
199static int opt_unpoison;
200
201static const char *hwpoison_debug_fs;
202static int hwpoison_inject_fd;
203static int hwpoison_forget_fd;
204
205#define HASH_SHIFT 13
206#define HASH_SIZE (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
207#define HASH_MASK (HASH_SIZE - 1)
208#define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
209
210static unsigned long total_pages;
211static unsigned long nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
212static uint64_t page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
213
214
215/*
216 * helper functions
217 */
218
219#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
220
221#define min_t(type, x, y) ({ \
222 type __min1 = (x); \
223 type __min2 = (y); \
224 __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
225
226#define max_t(type, x, y) ({ \
227 type __max1 = (x); \
228 type __max2 = (y); \
229 __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
230
231static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
232{
233 return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
234}
235
236static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
237{
238 va_list ap;
239
240 va_start(ap, x);
241 vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
242 va_end(ap);
243 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
244}
245
246static int checked_open(const char *pathname, int flags)
247{
248 int fd = open(pathname, flags);
249
250 if (fd < 0) {
251 perror(pathname);
252 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
253 }
254
255 return fd;
256}
257
258/*
259 * pagemap/kpageflags routines
260 */
261
262static unsigned long do_u64_read(int fd, const char *name,
263 uint64_t *buf,
264 unsigned long index,
265 unsigned long count)
266{
267 long bytes;
268
269 if (index > ULONG_MAX / 8)
270 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
271
272 bytes = pread(fd, buf, count * 8, (off_t)index * 8);
273 if (bytes < 0) {
274 perror(name);
275 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
276 }
277 if (bytes % 8)
278 fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", bytes);
279
280 return bytes / 8;
281}
282
283static unsigned long kpageflags_read(uint64_t *buf,
284 unsigned long index,
285 unsigned long pages)
286{
287 return do_u64_read(kpageflags_fd, opt_kpageflags, buf, index, pages);
288}
289
290static unsigned long kpagecgroup_read(uint64_t *buf,
291 unsigned long index,
292 unsigned long pages)
293{
294 if (kpagecgroup_fd < 0)
295 return pages;
296
297 return do_u64_read(kpagecgroup_fd, opt_kpageflags, buf, index, pages);
298}
299
300static unsigned long pagemap_read(uint64_t *buf,
301 unsigned long index,
302 unsigned long pages)
303{
304 return do_u64_read(pagemap_fd, "/proc/pid/pagemap", buf, index, pages);
305}
306
307static unsigned long pagemap_pfn(uint64_t val)
308{
309 unsigned long pfn;
310
311 if (val & PM_PRESENT)
312 pfn = PM_PFRAME(val);
313 else
314 pfn = 0;
315
316 return pfn;
317}
318
319static unsigned long pagemap_swap_offset(uint64_t val)
320{
321 return val & PM_SWAP ? PM_SWAP_OFFSET(val) : 0;
322}
323
324/*
325 * page flag names
326 */
327
328static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
329{
330 static char buf[65];
331 int present;
332 size_t i, j;
333
334 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
335 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
336 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
337 if (present)
338 fatal("unknown flag bit %d\n", i);
339 continue;
340 }
341 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
342 }
343
344 return buf;
345}
346
347static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
348{
349 static char buf[1024];
350 size_t i, n;
351
352 for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
353 if (!page_flag_names[i])
354 continue;
355 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
356 n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
357 page_flag_names[i] + 2);
358 }
359 if (n)
360 n--;
361 buf[n] = '\0';
362
363 return buf;
364}
365
366
367/*
368 * page list and summary
369 */
370
371static void show_page_range(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
372 unsigned long size, uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup)
373{
374 static uint64_t flags0;
375 static uint64_t cgroup0;
376 static unsigned long voff;
377 static unsigned long index;
378 static unsigned long count;
379
380 if (flags == flags0 && cgroup == cgroup0 && offset == index + count &&
381 size && voffset == voff + count) {
382 count += size;
383 return;
384 }
385
386 if (count) {
387 if (opt_pid)
388 printf("%lx\t", voff);
389 if (opt_file)
390 printf("%lu\t", voff);
391 if (opt_list_cgroup)
392 printf("@%llu\t", (unsigned long long)cgroup0);
393 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
394 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
395 }
396
397 flags0 = flags;
398 cgroup0= cgroup;
399 index = offset;
400 voff = voffset;
401 count = size;
402}
403
404static void flush_page_range(void)
405{
406 show_page_range(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
407}
408
409static void show_page(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
410 uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup)
411{
412 if (opt_pid)
413 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
414 if (opt_file)
415 printf("%lu\t", voffset);
416 if (opt_list_cgroup)
417 printf("@%llu\t", (unsigned long long)cgroup);
418 printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
419}
420
421static void show_summary(void)
422{
423 size_t i;
424
425 printf(" flags\tpage-count MB"
426 " symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
427
428 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
429 if (nr_pages[i])
430 printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu %s\t%s\n",
431 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
432 nr_pages[i],
433 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
434 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
435 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
436 }
437
438 printf(" total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
439 total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
440}
441
442
443/*
444 * page flag filters
445 */
446
447static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
448{
449 int i;
450
451 for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
452 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
453 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
454 return 0;
455 } else {
456 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
457 return 0;
458 }
459 }
460
461 return 1;
462}
463
464static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
465{
466 /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
467 if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
468 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
469 flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
470 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
471 flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
472 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
473 flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
474 }
475
476 /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
477 if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
478 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
479
480 if (pme & PM_SOFT_DIRTY)
481 flags |= BIT(SOFTDIRTY);
482 if (pme & PM_FILE)
483 flags |= BIT(FILE);
484 if (pme & PM_SWAP)
485 flags |= BIT(SWAP);
486 if (pme & PM_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE)
487 flags |= BIT(MMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
488
489 return flags;
490}
491
492static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
493{
494 /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
495 flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
496
497 /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
498 if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
499 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
500
501 return flags;
502}
503
504static uint64_t kpageflags_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
505{
506 if (opt_raw)
507 flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags, pme);
508 else
509 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
510
511 return flags;
512}
513
514/*
515 * page actions
516 */
517
518static void prepare_hwpoison_fd(void)
519{
520 char buf[MAX_PATH + 1];
521
522 hwpoison_debug_fs = debugfs__mount();
523 if (!hwpoison_debug_fs) {
524 perror("mount debugfs");
525 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
526 }
527
528 if (opt_hwpoison && !hwpoison_inject_fd) {
529 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/corrupt-pfn",
530 hwpoison_debug_fs);
531 hwpoison_inject_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
532 }
533
534 if (opt_unpoison && !hwpoison_forget_fd) {
535 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/unpoison-pfn",
536 hwpoison_debug_fs);
537 hwpoison_forget_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
538 }
539}
540
541static int hwpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
542{
543 char buf[100];
544 int len;
545
546 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
547 len = write(hwpoison_inject_fd, buf, len);
548 if (len < 0) {
549 perror("hwpoison inject");
550 return len;
551 }
552 return 0;
553}
554
555static int unpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
556{
557 char buf[100];
558 int len;
559
560 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
561 len = write(hwpoison_forget_fd, buf, len);
562 if (len < 0) {
563 perror("hwpoison forget");
564 return len;
565 }
566 return 0;
567}
568
569/*
570 * page frame walker
571 */
572
573static size_t hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
574{
575 size_t k = HASH_KEY(flags);
576 size_t i;
577
578 /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
579 * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
580 */
581 if (flags == 0)
582 return 0;
583
584 /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
585 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
586 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
587 k = 1;
588 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
589 page_flags[k] = flags;
590 return k;
591 }
592 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
593 return k;
594 }
595
596 fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
597 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
598}
599
600static void add_page(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
601 uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup, uint64_t pme)
602{
603 flags = kpageflags_flags(flags, pme);
604
605 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
606 return;
607
608 if (opt_cgroup && cgroup != (uint64_t)opt_cgroup)
609 return;
610
611 if (opt_hwpoison)
612 hwpoison_page(offset);
613 if (opt_unpoison)
614 unpoison_page(offset);
615
616 if (opt_list == 1)
617 show_page_range(voffset, offset, 1, flags, cgroup);
618 else if (opt_list == 2)
619 show_page(voffset, offset, flags, cgroup);
620
621 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
622 total_pages++;
623}
624
625#define KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH (64 << 10) /* 64k pages */
626static void walk_pfn(unsigned long voffset,
627 unsigned long index,
628 unsigned long count,
629 uint64_t pme)
630{
631 uint64_t buf[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
632 uint64_t cgi[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
633 unsigned long batch;
634 unsigned long pages;
635 unsigned long i;
636
637 /*
638 * kpagecgroup_read() reads only if kpagecgroup were opened, but
639 * /proc/kpagecgroup might even not exist, so it's better to fill
640 * them with zeros here.
641 */
642 if (count == 1)
643 cgi[0] = 0;
644 else
645 memset(cgi, 0, sizeof cgi);
646
647 while (count) {
648 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH);
649 pages = kpageflags_read(buf, index, batch);
650 if (pages == 0)
651 break;
652
653 if (kpagecgroup_read(cgi, index, pages) != pages)
654 fatal("kpagecgroup returned fewer pages than expected");
655
656 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++)
657 add_page(voffset + i, index + i, buf[i], cgi[i], pme);
658
659 index += pages;
660 count -= pages;
661 }
662}
663
664static void walk_swap(unsigned long voffset, uint64_t pme)
665{
666 uint64_t flags = kpageflags_flags(0, pme);
667
668 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
669 return;
670
671 if (opt_cgroup)
672 return;
673
674 if (opt_list == 1)
675 show_page_range(voffset, pagemap_swap_offset(pme), 1, flags, 0);
676 else if (opt_list == 2)
677 show_page(voffset, pagemap_swap_offset(pme), flags, 0);
678
679 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
680 total_pages++;
681}
682
683#define PAGEMAP_BATCH (64 << 10)
684static void walk_vma(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
685{
686 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
687 unsigned long batch;
688 unsigned long pages;
689 unsigned long pfn;
690 unsigned long i;
691
692 while (count) {
693 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGEMAP_BATCH);
694 pages = pagemap_read(buf, index, batch);
695 if (pages == 0)
696 break;
697
698 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
699 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
700 if (pfn)
701 walk_pfn(index + i, pfn, 1, buf[i]);
702 if (buf[i] & PM_SWAP)
703 walk_swap(index + i, buf[i]);
704 }
705
706 index += pages;
707 count -= pages;
708 }
709}
710
711static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
712{
713 const unsigned long end = index + count;
714 unsigned long start;
715 int i = 0;
716
717 while (index < end) {
718
719 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
720 if (++i >= nr_vmas)
721 return;
722 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
723 return;
724
725 start = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
726 index = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
727
728 assert(start < index);
729 walk_vma(start, index - start);
730 }
731}
732
733static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
734{
735 if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
736 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
737
738 opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
739 opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
740 nr_addr_ranges++;
741}
742
743static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
744{
745 int i;
746
747 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(opt_kpageflags, O_RDONLY);
748
749 if (!nr_addr_ranges)
750 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
751
752 for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
753 if (!opt_pid)
754 walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_offset[i], opt_size[i], 0);
755 else
756 walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
757
758 close(kpageflags_fd);
759}
760
761
762/*
763 * user interface
764 */
765
766static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
767{
768 if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
769 return "(r)";
770 if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
771 return "(o)";
772 return " ";
773}
774
775static void usage(void)
776{
777 size_t i, j;
778
779 printf(
780"page-types [options]\n"
781" -r|--raw Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
782" -d|--describe flags Describe flags\n"
783" -a|--addr addr-spec Walk a range of pages\n"
784" -b|--bits bits-spec Walk pages with specified bits\n"
785" -c|--cgroup path|@inode Walk pages within memory cgroup\n"
786" -p|--pid pid Walk process address space\n"
787" -f|--file filename Walk file address space\n"
788" -l|--list Show page details in ranges\n"
789" -L|--list-each Show page details one by one\n"
790" -C|--list-cgroup Show cgroup inode for pages\n"
791" -N|--no-summary Don't show summary info\n"
792" -X|--hwpoison hwpoison pages\n"
793" -x|--unpoison unpoison pages\n"
794" -F|--kpageflags filename kpageflags file to parse\n"
795" -h|--help Show this usage message\n"
796"flags:\n"
797" 0x10 bitfield format, e.g.\n"
798" anon bit-name, e.g.\n"
799" 0x10,anon comma-separated list, e.g.\n"
800"addr-spec:\n"
801" N one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
802" N+M pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
803" N,M pages range from N to M-1\n"
804" N, pages range from N to end\n"
805" ,M pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
806"bits-spec:\n"
807" bit1,bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
808" bit1,bit2=bit1 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
809" bit1,~bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
810" =bit1,bit2 flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
811"bit-names:\n"
812 );
813
814 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
815 if (!page_flag_names[i])
816 continue;
817 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
818 page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
819 if (++j > 3) {
820 j = 0;
821 putchar('\n');
822 }
823 }
824 printf("\n "
825 "(r) raw mode bits (o) overloaded bits\n");
826}
827
828static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
829{
830 unsigned long long n;
831
832 n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
833
834 if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
835 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
836
837 return n;
838}
839
840static void parse_pid(const char *str)
841{
842 FILE *file;
843 char buf[5000];
844
845 opt_pid = parse_number(str);
846
847 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
848 pagemap_fd = checked_open(buf, O_RDONLY);
849
850 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
851 file = fopen(buf, "r");
852 if (!file) {
853 perror(buf);
854 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
855 }
856
857 while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
858 unsigned long vm_start;
859 unsigned long vm_end;
860 unsigned long long pgoff;
861 int major, minor;
862 char r, w, x, s;
863 unsigned long ino;
864 int n;
865
866 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
867 &vm_start,
868 &vm_end,
869 &r, &w, &x, &s,
870 &pgoff,
871 &major, &minor,
872 &ino);
873 if (n < 10) {
874 fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
875 continue;
876 }
877 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
878 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
879 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
880 fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
881 break;
882 }
883 }
884 fclose(file);
885}
886
887static void show_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
888{
889 unsigned long long size = st->st_size;
890 char atime[64], mtime[64];
891 long now = time(NULL);
892
893 printf("%s\tInode: %u\tSize: %llu (%llu pages)\n",
894 name, (unsigned)st->st_ino,
895 size, (size + page_size - 1) / page_size);
896
897 strftime(atime, sizeof(atime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_atime));
898 strftime(mtime, sizeof(mtime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_mtime));
899
900 printf("Modify: %s (%ld seconds ago)\nAccess: %s (%ld seconds ago)\n",
901 mtime, now - st->st_mtime,
902 atime, now - st->st_atime);
903}
904
905static sigjmp_buf sigbus_jmp;
906
907static void * volatile sigbus_addr;
908
909static void sigbus_handler(int sig, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontex)
910{
911 (void)sig;
912 (void)ucontex;
913 sigbus_addr = info ? info->si_addr : NULL;
914 siglongjmp(sigbus_jmp, 1);
915}
916
917static struct sigaction sigbus_action = {
918 .sa_sigaction = sigbus_handler,
919 .sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO,
920};
921
922static void walk_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
923{
924 uint8_t vec[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
925 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH], flags;
926 uint64_t cgroup = 0;
927 unsigned long nr_pages, pfn, i;
928 off_t off, end = st->st_size;
929 int fd;
930 ssize_t len;
931 void *ptr;
932 int first = 1;
933
934 fd = checked_open(name, O_RDONLY|O_NOATIME|O_NOFOLLOW);
935
936 for (off = 0; off < end; off += len) {
937 nr_pages = (end - off + page_size - 1) / page_size;
938 if (nr_pages > PAGEMAP_BATCH)
939 nr_pages = PAGEMAP_BATCH;
940 len = nr_pages * page_size;
941
942 ptr = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, off);
943 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
944 fatal("mmap failed: %s", name);
945
946 /* determine cached pages */
947 if (mincore(ptr, len, vec))
948 fatal("mincore failed: %s", name);
949
950 /* turn off readahead */
951 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_RANDOM))
952 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
953
954 if (sigsetjmp(sigbus_jmp, 1)) {
955 end = off + sigbus_addr ? sigbus_addr - ptr : 0;
956 fprintf(stderr, "got sigbus at offset %lld: %s\n",
957 (long long)end, name);
958 goto got_sigbus;
959 }
960
961 /* populate ptes */
962 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages ; i++) {
963 if (vec[i] & 1)
964 (void)*(volatile int *)(ptr + i * page_size);
965 }
966got_sigbus:
967
968 /* turn off harvesting reference bits */
969 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_SEQUENTIAL))
970 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
971
972 if (pagemap_read(buf, (unsigned long)ptr / page_size,
973 nr_pages) != nr_pages)
974 fatal("cannot read pagemap");
975
976 munmap(ptr, len);
977
978 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
979 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
980 if (!pfn)
981 continue;
982 if (!kpageflags_read(&flags, pfn, 1))
983 continue;
984 if (!kpagecgroup_read(&cgroup, pfn, 1))
985 fatal("kpagecgroup_read failed");
986 if (first && opt_list) {
987 first = 0;
988 flush_page_range();
989 show_file(name, st);
990 }
991 add_page(off / page_size + i, pfn,
992 flags, cgroup, buf[i]);
993 }
994 }
995
996 close(fd);
997}
998
999int walk_tree(const char *name, const struct stat *st, int type, struct FTW *f)
1000{
1001 (void)f;
1002 switch (type) {
1003 case FTW_F:
1004 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
1005 walk_file(name, st);
1006 break;
1007 case FTW_DNR:
1008 fprintf(stderr, "cannot read dir: %s\n", name);
1009 break;
1010 }
1011 return 0;
1012}
1013
1014static void walk_page_cache(void)
1015{
1016 struct stat st;
1017
1018 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(opt_kpageflags, O_RDONLY);
1019 pagemap_fd = checked_open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
1020 sigaction(SIGBUS, &sigbus_action, NULL);
1021
1022 if (stat(opt_file, &st))
1023 fatal("stat failed: %s\n", opt_file);
1024
1025 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1026 walk_file(opt_file, &st);
1027 } else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1028 /* do not follow symlinks and mountpoints */
1029 if (nftw(opt_file, walk_tree, 64, FTW_MOUNT | FTW_PHYS) < 0)
1030 fatal("nftw failed: %s\n", opt_file);
1031 } else
1032 fatal("unhandled file type: %s\n", opt_file);
1033
1034 close(kpageflags_fd);
1035 close(pagemap_fd);
1036 signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
1037}
1038
1039static void parse_file(const char *name)
1040{
1041 opt_file = name;
1042}
1043
1044static void parse_cgroup(const char *path)
1045{
1046 if (path[0] == '@') {
1047 opt_cgroup = parse_number(path + 1);
1048 return;
1049 }
1050
1051 struct stat st;
1052
1053 if (stat(path, &st))
1054 fatal("stat failed: %s: %m\n", path);
1055
1056 if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1057 fatal("cgroup supposed to be a directory: %s\n", path);
1058
1059 opt_cgroup = st.st_ino;
1060}
1061
1062static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
1063{
1064 unsigned long offset;
1065 unsigned long size;
1066 char *p;
1067
1068 p = strchr(optarg, ',');
1069 if (!p)
1070 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
1071
1072 if (p == optarg) {
1073 offset = 0;
1074 size = parse_number(p + 1);
1075 } else if (p) {
1076 offset = parse_number(optarg);
1077 if (p[1] == '\0')
1078 size = ULONG_MAX;
1079 else {
1080 size = parse_number(p + 1);
1081 if (*p == ',') {
1082 if (size < offset)
1083 fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
1084 offset, size);
1085 size -= offset;
1086 }
1087 }
1088 } else {
1089 offset = parse_number(optarg);
1090 size = 1;
1091 }
1092
1093 add_addr_range(offset, size);
1094}
1095
1096static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
1097{
1098 if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
1099 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
1100
1101 opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
1102 opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
1103 nr_bit_filters++;
1104}
1105
1106static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
1107{
1108 size_t i;
1109
1110 if (!*str || !len)
1111 return 0;
1112
1113 if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
1114 return BITS_COMPOUND;
1115
1116 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
1117 if (!page_flag_names[i])
1118 continue;
1119 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
1120 return 1ULL << i;
1121 }
1122
1123 return parse_number(str);
1124}
1125
1126static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
1127{
1128 const char *p = str;
1129 uint64_t flags = 0;
1130
1131 while (1) {
1132 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
1133 if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
1134 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
1135 if (*p != ',')
1136 break;
1137 str = p + 1;
1138 }
1139 p++;
1140 }
1141
1142 return flags;
1143}
1144
1145static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
1146{
1147 uint64_t mask;
1148 uint64_t bits;
1149 const char *p;
1150
1151 p = strchr(optarg, '=');
1152 if (p == optarg) {
1153 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1154 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1155 } else if (p) {
1156 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1157 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1158 } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
1159 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
1160 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1161 } else {
1162 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1163 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1164 }
1165
1166 add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
1167}
1168
1169static void parse_kpageflags(const char *name)
1170{
1171 opt_kpageflags = name;
1172}
1173
1174static void describe_flags(const char *optarg)
1175{
1176 uint64_t flags = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1177
1178 printf("0x%016llx\t%s\t%s\n",
1179 (unsigned long long)flags,
1180 page_flag_name(flags),
1181 page_flag_longname(flags));
1182}
1183
1184static const struct option opts[] = {
1185 { "raw" , 0, NULL, 'r' },
1186 { "pid" , 1, NULL, 'p' },
1187 { "file" , 1, NULL, 'f' },
1188 { "addr" , 1, NULL, 'a' },
1189 { "bits" , 1, NULL, 'b' },
1190 { "cgroup" , 1, NULL, 'c' },
1191 { "describe" , 1, NULL, 'd' },
1192 { "list" , 0, NULL, 'l' },
1193 { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
1194 { "list-cgroup", 0, NULL, 'C' },
1195 { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
1196 { "hwpoison" , 0, NULL, 'X' },
1197 { "unpoison" , 0, NULL, 'x' },
1198 { "kpageflags", 0, NULL, 'F' },
1199 { "help" , 0, NULL, 'h' },
1200 { NULL , 0, NULL, 0 }
1201};
1202
1203int main(int argc, char *argv[])
1204{
1205 int c;
1206
1207 page_size = getpagesize();
1208
1209 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
1210 "rp:f:a:b:d:c:ClLNXxF:h", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
1211 switch (c) {
1212 case 'r':
1213 opt_raw = 1;
1214 break;
1215 case 'p':
1216 parse_pid(optarg);
1217 break;
1218 case 'f':
1219 parse_file(optarg);
1220 break;
1221 case 'a':
1222 parse_addr_range(optarg);
1223 break;
1224 case 'b':
1225 parse_bits_mask(optarg);
1226 break;
1227 case 'c':
1228 parse_cgroup(optarg);
1229 break;
1230 case 'C':
1231 opt_list_cgroup = 1;
1232 break;
1233 case 'd':
1234 describe_flags(optarg);
1235 exit(0);
1236 case 'l':
1237 opt_list = 1;
1238 break;
1239 case 'L':
1240 opt_list = 2;
1241 break;
1242 case 'N':
1243 opt_no_summary = 1;
1244 break;
1245 case 'X':
1246 opt_hwpoison = 1;
1247 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1248 break;
1249 case 'x':
1250 opt_unpoison = 1;
1251 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1252 break;
1253 case 'F':
1254 parse_kpageflags(optarg);
1255 break;
1256 case 'h':
1257 usage();
1258 exit(0);
1259 default:
1260 usage();
1261 exit(1);
1262 }
1263 }
1264
1265 if (!opt_kpageflags)
1266 opt_kpageflags = PROC_KPAGEFLAGS;
1267
1268 if (opt_cgroup || opt_list_cgroup)
1269 kpagecgroup_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGECGROUP, O_RDONLY);
1270
1271 if (opt_list && opt_pid)
1272 printf("voffset\t");
1273 if (opt_list && opt_file)
1274 printf("foffset\t");
1275 if (opt_list && opt_list_cgroup)
1276 printf("cgroup\t");
1277 if (opt_list == 1)
1278 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
1279 if (opt_list == 2)
1280 printf("offset\tflags\n");
1281
1282 if (opt_file)
1283 walk_page_cache();
1284 else
1285 walk_addr_ranges();
1286
1287 if (opt_list == 1)
1288 flush_page_range();
1289
1290 if (opt_no_summary)
1291 return 0;
1292
1293 if (opt_list)
1294 printf("\n\n");
1295
1296 show_summary();
1297
1298 return 0;
1299}
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2/*
3 * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
6 *
7 * Authors: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
8 */
9
10#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
11#define _GNU_SOURCE
12#include <stdio.h>
13#include <stdlib.h>
14#include <unistd.h>
15#include <stdint.h>
16#include <stdarg.h>
17#include <string.h>
18#include <getopt.h>
19#include <limits.h>
20#include <assert.h>
21#include <ftw.h>
22#include <time.h>
23#include <setjmp.h>
24#include <signal.h>
25#include <sys/types.h>
26#include <sys/errno.h>
27#include <sys/fcntl.h>
28#include <sys/mount.h>
29#include <sys/statfs.h>
30#include <sys/mman.h>
31#include "../../include/uapi/linux/magic.h"
32#include "../../include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h"
33#include <api/fs/fs.h>
34
35#ifndef MAX_PATH
36# define MAX_PATH 256
37#endif
38
39#ifndef STR
40# define _STR(x) #x
41# define STR(x) _STR(x)
42#endif
43
44/*
45 * pagemap kernel ABI bits
46 */
47
48#define PM_ENTRY_BYTES 8
49#define PM_PFRAME_BITS 55
50#define PM_PFRAME_MASK ((1LL << PM_PFRAME_BITS) - 1)
51#define PM_PFRAME(x) ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
52#define MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT 5
53#define PM_SWAP_OFFSET(x) (((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK) >> MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT)
54#define PM_SOFT_DIRTY (1ULL << 55)
55#define PM_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE (1ULL << 56)
56#define PM_FILE (1ULL << 61)
57#define PM_SWAP (1ULL << 62)
58#define PM_PRESENT (1ULL << 63)
59
60/*
61 * kernel page flags
62 */
63
64#define KPF_BYTES 8
65#define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS "/proc/kpageflags"
66#define PROC_KPAGECOUNT "/proc/kpagecount"
67#define PROC_KPAGECGROUP "/proc/kpagecgroup"
68
69#define SYS_KERNEL_MM_PAGE_IDLE "/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap"
70
71/* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
72#define KPF_RESERVED 32
73#define KPF_MLOCKED 33
74#define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK 34
75#define KPF_PRIVATE 35
76#define KPF_PRIVATE_2 36
77#define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE 37
78#define KPF_ARCH 38
79#define KPF_UNCACHED 39
80#define KPF_SOFTDIRTY 40
81#define KPF_ARCH_2 41
82
83/* [47-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
84 * not part of kernel API
85 */
86#define KPF_ANON_EXCLUSIVE 47
87#define KPF_READAHEAD 48
88#define KPF_SLOB_FREE 49
89#define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN 50
90#define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG 51
91#define KPF_FILE 61
92#define KPF_SWAP 62
93#define KPF_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE 63
94
95#define KPF_ALL_BITS ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
96#define KPF_HACKERS_BITS (0xffffULL << 32)
97#define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS (0xffffULL << 48)
98#define BIT(name) (1ULL << KPF_##name)
99#define BITS_COMPOUND (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
100
101static const char * const page_flag_names[] = {
102 [KPF_LOCKED] = "L:locked",
103 [KPF_ERROR] = "E:error",
104 [KPF_REFERENCED] = "R:referenced",
105 [KPF_UPTODATE] = "U:uptodate",
106 [KPF_DIRTY] = "D:dirty",
107 [KPF_LRU] = "l:lru",
108 [KPF_ACTIVE] = "A:active",
109 [KPF_SLAB] = "S:slab",
110 [KPF_WRITEBACK] = "W:writeback",
111 [KPF_RECLAIM] = "I:reclaim",
112 [KPF_BUDDY] = "B:buddy",
113
114 [KPF_MMAP] = "M:mmap",
115 [KPF_ANON] = "a:anonymous",
116 [KPF_SWAPCACHE] = "s:swapcache",
117 [KPF_SWAPBACKED] = "b:swapbacked",
118 [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD] = "H:compound_head",
119 [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL] = "T:compound_tail",
120 [KPF_HUGE] = "G:huge",
121 [KPF_UNEVICTABLE] = "u:unevictable",
122 [KPF_HWPOISON] = "X:hwpoison",
123 [KPF_NOPAGE] = "n:nopage",
124 [KPF_KSM] = "x:ksm",
125 [KPF_THP] = "t:thp",
126 [KPF_OFFLINE] = "o:offline",
127 [KPF_PGTABLE] = "g:pgtable",
128 [KPF_ZERO_PAGE] = "z:zero_page",
129 [KPF_IDLE] = "i:idle_page",
130
131 [KPF_RESERVED] = "r:reserved",
132 [KPF_MLOCKED] = "m:mlocked",
133 [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK] = "d:mappedtodisk",
134 [KPF_PRIVATE] = "P:private",
135 [KPF_PRIVATE_2] = "p:private_2",
136 [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE] = "O:owner_private",
137 [KPF_ARCH] = "h:arch",
138 [KPF_UNCACHED] = "c:uncached",
139 [KPF_SOFTDIRTY] = "f:softdirty",
140 [KPF_ARCH_2] = "H:arch_2",
141
142 [KPF_ANON_EXCLUSIVE] = "d:anon_exclusive",
143 [KPF_READAHEAD] = "I:readahead",
144 [KPF_SLOB_FREE] = "P:slob_free",
145 [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN] = "A:slub_frozen",
146 [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG] = "E:slub_debug",
147
148 [KPF_FILE] = "F:file",
149 [KPF_SWAP] = "w:swap",
150 [KPF_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE] = "1:mmap_exclusive",
151};
152
153
154/*
155 * data structures
156 */
157
158static int opt_raw; /* for kernel developers */
159static int opt_list; /* list pages (in ranges) */
160static int opt_mark_idle; /* set accessed bit */
161static int opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
162static pid_t opt_pid; /* process to walk */
163const char *opt_file; /* file or directory path */
164static uint64_t opt_cgroup; /* cgroup inode */
165static int opt_list_cgroup;/* list page cgroup */
166static int opt_list_mapcnt;/* list page map count */
167static const char *opt_kpageflags;/* kpageflags file to parse */
168
169#define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
170static int nr_addr_ranges;
171static unsigned long opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
172static unsigned long opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
173
174#define MAX_VMAS 10240
175static int nr_vmas;
176static unsigned long pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
177static unsigned long pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
178
179#define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
180static int nr_bit_filters;
181static uint64_t opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
182static uint64_t opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
183
184static int page_size;
185
186static int pagemap_fd;
187static int kpageflags_fd;
188static int kpagecount_fd = -1;
189static int kpagecgroup_fd = -1;
190static int page_idle_fd = -1;
191
192static int opt_hwpoison;
193static int opt_unpoison;
194
195static const char *hwpoison_debug_fs;
196static int hwpoison_inject_fd;
197static int hwpoison_forget_fd;
198
199#define HASH_SHIFT 13
200#define HASH_SIZE (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
201#define HASH_MASK (HASH_SIZE - 1)
202#define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
203
204static unsigned long total_pages;
205static unsigned long nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
206static uint64_t page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
207
208
209/*
210 * helper functions
211 */
212
213#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
214
215#define min_t(type, x, y) ({ \
216 type __min1 = (x); \
217 type __min2 = (y); \
218 __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
219
220#define max_t(type, x, y) ({ \
221 type __max1 = (x); \
222 type __max2 = (y); \
223 __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
224
225static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
226{
227 return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
228}
229
230static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
231{
232 va_list ap;
233
234 va_start(ap, x);
235 vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
236 va_end(ap);
237 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
238}
239
240static int checked_open(const char *pathname, int flags)
241{
242 int fd = open(pathname, flags);
243
244 if (fd < 0) {
245 perror(pathname);
246 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
247 }
248
249 return fd;
250}
251
252/*
253 * pagemap/kpageflags routines
254 */
255
256static unsigned long do_u64_read(int fd, const char *name,
257 uint64_t *buf,
258 unsigned long index,
259 unsigned long count)
260{
261 long bytes;
262
263 if (index > ULONG_MAX / 8)
264 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
265
266 bytes = pread(fd, buf, count * 8, (off_t)index * 8);
267 if (bytes < 0) {
268 perror(name);
269 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
270 }
271 if (bytes % 8)
272 fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", bytes);
273
274 return bytes / 8;
275}
276
277static unsigned long kpageflags_read(uint64_t *buf,
278 unsigned long index,
279 unsigned long pages)
280{
281 return do_u64_read(kpageflags_fd, opt_kpageflags, buf, index, pages);
282}
283
284static unsigned long kpagecgroup_read(uint64_t *buf,
285 unsigned long index,
286 unsigned long pages)
287{
288 if (kpagecgroup_fd < 0)
289 return pages;
290
291 return do_u64_read(kpagecgroup_fd, opt_kpageflags, buf, index, pages);
292}
293
294static unsigned long kpagecount_read(uint64_t *buf,
295 unsigned long index,
296 unsigned long pages)
297{
298 return kpagecount_fd < 0 ? pages :
299 do_u64_read(kpagecount_fd, PROC_KPAGECOUNT,
300 buf, index, pages);
301}
302
303static unsigned long pagemap_read(uint64_t *buf,
304 unsigned long index,
305 unsigned long pages)
306{
307 return do_u64_read(pagemap_fd, "/proc/pid/pagemap", buf, index, pages);
308}
309
310static unsigned long pagemap_pfn(uint64_t val)
311{
312 unsigned long pfn;
313
314 if (val & PM_PRESENT)
315 pfn = PM_PFRAME(val);
316 else
317 pfn = 0;
318
319 return pfn;
320}
321
322static unsigned long pagemap_swap_offset(uint64_t val)
323{
324 return val & PM_SWAP ? PM_SWAP_OFFSET(val) : 0;
325}
326
327/*
328 * page flag names
329 */
330
331static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
332{
333 static char buf[65];
334 int present;
335 size_t i, j;
336
337 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
338 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
339 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
340 if (present)
341 fatal("unknown flag bit %d\n", i);
342 continue;
343 }
344 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
345 }
346
347 return buf;
348}
349
350static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
351{
352 static char buf[1024];
353 size_t i, n;
354
355 for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
356 if (!page_flag_names[i])
357 continue;
358 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
359 n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
360 page_flag_names[i] + 2);
361 }
362 if (n)
363 n--;
364 buf[n] = '\0';
365
366 return buf;
367}
368
369
370/*
371 * page list and summary
372 */
373
374static void show_page_range(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
375 unsigned long size, uint64_t flags,
376 uint64_t cgroup, uint64_t mapcnt)
377{
378 static uint64_t flags0;
379 static uint64_t cgroup0;
380 static uint64_t mapcnt0;
381 static unsigned long voff;
382 static unsigned long index;
383 static unsigned long count;
384
385 if (flags == flags0 && cgroup == cgroup0 && mapcnt == mapcnt0 &&
386 offset == index + count && size && voffset == voff + count) {
387 count += size;
388 return;
389 }
390
391 if (count) {
392 if (opt_pid)
393 printf("%lx\t", voff);
394 if (opt_file)
395 printf("%lx\t", voff);
396 if (opt_list_cgroup)
397 printf("@%llu\t", (unsigned long long)cgroup0);
398 if (opt_list_mapcnt)
399 printf("%lu\t", mapcnt0);
400 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
401 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
402 }
403
404 flags0 = flags;
405 cgroup0 = cgroup;
406 mapcnt0 = mapcnt;
407 index = offset;
408 voff = voffset;
409 count = size;
410}
411
412static void flush_page_range(void)
413{
414 show_page_range(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
415}
416
417static void show_page(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
418 uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup, uint64_t mapcnt)
419{
420 if (opt_pid)
421 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
422 if (opt_file)
423 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
424 if (opt_list_cgroup)
425 printf("@%llu\t", (unsigned long long)cgroup);
426 if (opt_list_mapcnt)
427 printf("%lu\t", mapcnt);
428
429 printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
430}
431
432static void show_summary(void)
433{
434 size_t i;
435
436 printf(" flags\tpage-count MB"
437 " symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
438
439 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
440 if (nr_pages[i])
441 printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu %s\t%s\n",
442 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
443 nr_pages[i],
444 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
445 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
446 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
447 }
448
449 printf(" total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
450 total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
451}
452
453
454/*
455 * page flag filters
456 */
457
458static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
459{
460 int i;
461
462 for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
463 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
464 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
465 return 0;
466 } else {
467 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
468 return 0;
469 }
470 }
471
472 return 1;
473}
474
475static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
476{
477 /* Anonymous pages overload PG_mappedtodisk */
478 if ((flags & BIT(ANON)) && (flags & BIT(MAPPEDTODISK)))
479 flags ^= BIT(MAPPEDTODISK) | BIT(ANON_EXCLUSIVE);
480
481 /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
482 if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
483 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
484 flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
485 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
486 flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
487 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
488 flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
489 }
490
491 /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
492 if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
493 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
494
495 if (pme & PM_SOFT_DIRTY)
496 flags |= BIT(SOFTDIRTY);
497 if (pme & PM_FILE)
498 flags |= BIT(FILE);
499 if (pme & PM_SWAP)
500 flags |= BIT(SWAP);
501 if (pme & PM_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE)
502 flags |= BIT(MMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
503
504 return flags;
505}
506
507static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
508{
509 /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
510 flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
511
512 /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
513 if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
514 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
515
516 return flags;
517}
518
519static uint64_t kpageflags_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
520{
521 if (opt_raw)
522 flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags, pme);
523 else
524 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
525
526 return flags;
527}
528
529/*
530 * page actions
531 */
532
533static void prepare_hwpoison_fd(void)
534{
535 char buf[MAX_PATH + 1];
536
537 hwpoison_debug_fs = debugfs__mount();
538 if (!hwpoison_debug_fs) {
539 perror("mount debugfs");
540 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
541 }
542
543 if (opt_hwpoison && !hwpoison_inject_fd) {
544 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/corrupt-pfn",
545 hwpoison_debug_fs);
546 hwpoison_inject_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
547 }
548
549 if (opt_unpoison && !hwpoison_forget_fd) {
550 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/unpoison-pfn",
551 hwpoison_debug_fs);
552 hwpoison_forget_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
553 }
554}
555
556static int hwpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
557{
558 char buf[100];
559 int len;
560
561 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
562 len = write(hwpoison_inject_fd, buf, len);
563 if (len < 0) {
564 perror("hwpoison inject");
565 return len;
566 }
567 return 0;
568}
569
570static int unpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
571{
572 char buf[100];
573 int len;
574
575 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
576 len = write(hwpoison_forget_fd, buf, len);
577 if (len < 0) {
578 perror("hwpoison forget");
579 return len;
580 }
581 return 0;
582}
583
584static int mark_page_idle(unsigned long offset)
585{
586 static unsigned long off;
587 static uint64_t buf;
588 int len;
589
590 if ((offset / 64 == off / 64) || buf == 0) {
591 buf |= 1UL << (offset % 64);
592 off = offset;
593 return 0;
594 }
595
596 len = pwrite(page_idle_fd, &buf, 8, 8 * (off / 64));
597 if (len < 0) {
598 perror("mark page idle");
599 return len;
600 }
601
602 buf = 1UL << (offset % 64);
603 off = offset;
604
605 return 0;
606}
607
608/*
609 * page frame walker
610 */
611
612static size_t hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
613{
614 size_t k = HASH_KEY(flags);
615 size_t i;
616
617 /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
618 * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
619 */
620 if (flags == 0)
621 return 0;
622
623 /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
624 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
625 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
626 k = 1;
627 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
628 page_flags[k] = flags;
629 return k;
630 }
631 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
632 return k;
633 }
634
635 fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
636 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
637}
638
639static void add_page(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
640 uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup, uint64_t mapcnt,
641 uint64_t pme)
642{
643 flags = kpageflags_flags(flags, pme);
644
645 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
646 return;
647
648 if (opt_cgroup && cgroup != (uint64_t)opt_cgroup)
649 return;
650
651 if (opt_hwpoison)
652 hwpoison_page(offset);
653 if (opt_unpoison)
654 unpoison_page(offset);
655
656 if (opt_mark_idle)
657 mark_page_idle(offset);
658
659 if (opt_list == 1)
660 show_page_range(voffset, offset, 1, flags, cgroup, mapcnt);
661 else if (opt_list == 2)
662 show_page(voffset, offset, flags, cgroup, mapcnt);
663
664 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
665 total_pages++;
666}
667
668#define KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH (64 << 10) /* 64k pages */
669static void walk_pfn(unsigned long voffset,
670 unsigned long index,
671 unsigned long count,
672 uint64_t pme)
673{
674 uint64_t buf[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
675 uint64_t cgi[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
676 uint64_t cnt[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
677 unsigned long batch;
678 unsigned long pages;
679 unsigned long i;
680
681 /*
682 * kpagecgroup_read() reads only if kpagecgroup were opened, but
683 * /proc/kpagecgroup might even not exist, so it's better to fill
684 * them with zeros here.
685 */
686 if (count == 1)
687 cgi[0] = 0;
688 else
689 memset(cgi, 0, sizeof cgi);
690
691 while (count) {
692 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH);
693 pages = kpageflags_read(buf, index, batch);
694 if (pages == 0)
695 break;
696
697 if (kpagecgroup_read(cgi, index, pages) != pages)
698 fatal("kpagecgroup returned fewer pages than expected");
699
700 if (kpagecount_read(cnt, index, pages) != pages)
701 fatal("kpagecount returned fewer pages than expected");
702
703 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++)
704 add_page(voffset + i, index + i,
705 buf[i], cgi[i], cnt[i], pme);
706
707 index += pages;
708 count -= pages;
709 }
710}
711
712static void walk_swap(unsigned long voffset, uint64_t pme)
713{
714 uint64_t flags = kpageflags_flags(0, pme);
715
716 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
717 return;
718
719 if (opt_cgroup)
720 return;
721
722 if (opt_list == 1)
723 show_page_range(voffset, pagemap_swap_offset(pme),
724 1, flags, 0, 0);
725 else if (opt_list == 2)
726 show_page(voffset, pagemap_swap_offset(pme), flags, 0, 0);
727
728 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
729 total_pages++;
730}
731
732#define PAGEMAP_BATCH (64 << 10)
733static void walk_vma(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
734{
735 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
736 unsigned long batch;
737 unsigned long pages;
738 unsigned long pfn;
739 unsigned long i;
740
741 while (count) {
742 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGEMAP_BATCH);
743 pages = pagemap_read(buf, index, batch);
744 if (pages == 0)
745 break;
746
747 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
748 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
749 if (pfn)
750 walk_pfn(index + i, pfn, 1, buf[i]);
751 if (buf[i] & PM_SWAP)
752 walk_swap(index + i, buf[i]);
753 }
754
755 index += pages;
756 count -= pages;
757 }
758}
759
760static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
761{
762 const unsigned long end = index + count;
763 unsigned long start;
764 int i = 0;
765
766 while (index < end) {
767
768 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
769 if (++i >= nr_vmas)
770 return;
771 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
772 return;
773
774 start = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
775 index = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
776
777 assert(start < index);
778 walk_vma(start, index - start);
779 }
780}
781
782static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
783{
784 if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
785 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
786
787 opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
788 opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
789 nr_addr_ranges++;
790}
791
792static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
793{
794 int i;
795
796 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(opt_kpageflags, O_RDONLY);
797
798 if (!nr_addr_ranges)
799 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
800
801 for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
802 if (!opt_pid)
803 walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_offset[i], opt_size[i], 0);
804 else
805 walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
806
807 if (opt_mark_idle)
808 mark_page_idle(0);
809
810 close(kpageflags_fd);
811}
812
813
814/*
815 * user interface
816 */
817
818static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
819{
820 if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
821 return "(r)";
822 if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
823 return "(o)";
824 return " ";
825}
826
827static void usage(void)
828{
829 size_t i, j;
830
831 printf(
832"page-types [options]\n"
833" -r|--raw Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
834" -d|--describe flags Describe flags\n"
835" -a|--addr addr-spec Walk a range of pages\n"
836" -b|--bits bits-spec Walk pages with specified bits\n"
837" -c|--cgroup path|@inode Walk pages within memory cgroup\n"
838" -p|--pid pid Walk process address space\n"
839" -f|--file filename Walk file address space\n"
840" -i|--mark-idle Mark pages idle\n"
841" -l|--list Show page details in ranges\n"
842" -L|--list-each Show page details one by one\n"
843" -C|--list-cgroup Show cgroup inode for pages\n"
844" -M|--list-mapcnt Show page map count\n"
845" -N|--no-summary Don't show summary info\n"
846" -X|--hwpoison hwpoison pages\n"
847" -x|--unpoison unpoison pages\n"
848" -F|--kpageflags filename kpageflags file to parse\n"
849" -h|--help Show this usage message\n"
850"flags:\n"
851" 0x10 bitfield format, e.g.\n"
852" anon bit-name, e.g.\n"
853" 0x10,anon comma-separated list, e.g.\n"
854"addr-spec:\n"
855" N one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
856" N+M pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
857" N,M pages range from N to M-1\n"
858" N, pages range from N to end\n"
859" ,M pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
860"bits-spec:\n"
861" bit1,bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
862" bit1,bit2=bit1 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
863" bit1,~bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
864" =bit1,bit2 flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
865"bit-names:\n"
866 );
867
868 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
869 if (!page_flag_names[i])
870 continue;
871 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
872 page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
873 if (++j > 3) {
874 j = 0;
875 putchar('\n');
876 }
877 }
878 printf("\n "
879 "(r) raw mode bits (o) overloaded bits\n");
880}
881
882static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
883{
884 unsigned long long n;
885
886 n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
887
888 if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
889 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
890
891 return n;
892}
893
894static void parse_pid(const char *str)
895{
896 FILE *file;
897 char buf[5000];
898
899 opt_pid = parse_number(str);
900
901 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
902 pagemap_fd = checked_open(buf, O_RDONLY);
903
904 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
905 file = fopen(buf, "r");
906 if (!file) {
907 perror(buf);
908 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
909 }
910
911 while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
912 unsigned long vm_start;
913 unsigned long vm_end;
914 unsigned long long pgoff;
915 int major, minor;
916 char r, w, x, s;
917 unsigned long ino;
918 int n;
919
920 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
921 &vm_start,
922 &vm_end,
923 &r, &w, &x, &s,
924 &pgoff,
925 &major, &minor,
926 &ino);
927 if (n < 10) {
928 fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
929 continue;
930 }
931 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
932 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
933 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
934 fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
935 break;
936 }
937 }
938 fclose(file);
939}
940
941static void show_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
942{
943 unsigned long long size = st->st_size;
944 char atime[64], mtime[64];
945 long now = time(NULL);
946
947 printf("%s\tInode: %u\tSize: %llu (%llu pages)\n",
948 name, (unsigned)st->st_ino,
949 size, (size + page_size - 1) / page_size);
950
951 strftime(atime, sizeof(atime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_atime));
952 strftime(mtime, sizeof(mtime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_mtime));
953
954 printf("Modify: %s (%ld seconds ago)\nAccess: %s (%ld seconds ago)\n",
955 mtime, now - st->st_mtime,
956 atime, now - st->st_atime);
957}
958
959static sigjmp_buf sigbus_jmp;
960
961static void * volatile sigbus_addr;
962
963static void sigbus_handler(int sig, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontex)
964{
965 (void)sig;
966 (void)ucontex;
967 sigbus_addr = info ? info->si_addr : NULL;
968 siglongjmp(sigbus_jmp, 1);
969}
970
971static struct sigaction sigbus_action = {
972 .sa_sigaction = sigbus_handler,
973 .sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO,
974};
975
976static void walk_file_range(const char *name, int fd,
977 unsigned long off, unsigned long end)
978{
979 uint8_t vec[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
980 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH], flags;
981 uint64_t cgroup = 0;
982 uint64_t mapcnt = 0;
983 unsigned long nr_pages, pfn, i;
984 ssize_t len;
985 void *ptr;
986 int first = 1;
987
988 for (; off < end; off += len) {
989 nr_pages = (end - off + page_size - 1) / page_size;
990 if (nr_pages > PAGEMAP_BATCH)
991 nr_pages = PAGEMAP_BATCH;
992 len = nr_pages * page_size;
993
994 ptr = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, off);
995 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
996 fatal("mmap failed: %s", name);
997
998 /* determine cached pages */
999 if (mincore(ptr, len, vec))
1000 fatal("mincore failed: %s", name);
1001
1002 /* turn off readahead */
1003 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_RANDOM))
1004 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
1005
1006 if (sigsetjmp(sigbus_jmp, 1)) {
1007 end = off + sigbus_addr ? sigbus_addr - ptr : 0;
1008 fprintf(stderr, "got sigbus at offset %lld: %s\n",
1009 (long long)end, name);
1010 goto got_sigbus;
1011 }
1012
1013 /* populate ptes */
1014 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages ; i++) {
1015 if (vec[i] & 1)
1016 (void)*(volatile int *)(ptr + i * page_size);
1017 }
1018got_sigbus:
1019
1020 /* turn off harvesting reference bits */
1021 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_SEQUENTIAL))
1022 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
1023
1024 if (pagemap_read(buf, (unsigned long)ptr / page_size,
1025 nr_pages) != nr_pages)
1026 fatal("cannot read pagemap");
1027
1028 munmap(ptr, len);
1029
1030 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
1031 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
1032 if (!pfn)
1033 continue;
1034 if (!kpageflags_read(&flags, pfn, 1))
1035 continue;
1036 if (!kpagecgroup_read(&cgroup, pfn, 1))
1037 fatal("kpagecgroup_read failed");
1038 if (!kpagecount_read(&mapcnt, pfn, 1))
1039 fatal("kpagecount_read failed");
1040 if (first && opt_list) {
1041 first = 0;
1042 flush_page_range();
1043 }
1044 add_page(off / page_size + i, pfn,
1045 flags, cgroup, mapcnt, buf[i]);
1046 }
1047 }
1048}
1049
1050static void walk_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
1051{
1052 int i;
1053 int fd;
1054
1055 fd = checked_open(name, O_RDONLY|O_NOATIME|O_NOFOLLOW);
1056
1057 if (!nr_addr_ranges)
1058 add_addr_range(0, st->st_size / page_size);
1059
1060 for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
1061 walk_file_range(name, fd, opt_offset[i] * page_size,
1062 (opt_offset[i] + opt_size[i]) * page_size);
1063
1064 close(fd);
1065}
1066
1067int walk_tree(const char *name, const struct stat *st, int type, struct FTW *f)
1068{
1069 (void)f;
1070 switch (type) {
1071 case FTW_F:
1072 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
1073 walk_file(name, st);
1074 break;
1075 case FTW_DNR:
1076 fprintf(stderr, "cannot read dir: %s\n", name);
1077 break;
1078 }
1079 return 0;
1080}
1081
1082struct stat st;
1083
1084static void walk_page_cache(void)
1085{
1086 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(opt_kpageflags, O_RDONLY);
1087 pagemap_fd = checked_open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
1088 sigaction(SIGBUS, &sigbus_action, NULL);
1089
1090 if (stat(opt_file, &st))
1091 fatal("stat failed: %s\n", opt_file);
1092
1093 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1094 walk_file(opt_file, &st);
1095 } else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1096 /* do not follow symlinks and mountpoints */
1097 if (nftw(opt_file, walk_tree, 64, FTW_MOUNT | FTW_PHYS) < 0)
1098 fatal("nftw failed: %s\n", opt_file);
1099 } else
1100 fatal("unhandled file type: %s\n", opt_file);
1101
1102 close(kpageflags_fd);
1103 close(pagemap_fd);
1104 signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
1105}
1106
1107static void parse_file(const char *name)
1108{
1109 opt_file = name;
1110}
1111
1112static void parse_cgroup(const char *path)
1113{
1114 if (path[0] == '@') {
1115 opt_cgroup = parse_number(path + 1);
1116 return;
1117 }
1118
1119 struct stat st;
1120
1121 if (stat(path, &st))
1122 fatal("stat failed: %s: %m\n", path);
1123
1124 if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1125 fatal("cgroup supposed to be a directory: %s\n", path);
1126
1127 opt_cgroup = st.st_ino;
1128}
1129
1130static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
1131{
1132 unsigned long offset;
1133 unsigned long size;
1134 char *p;
1135
1136 p = strchr(optarg, ',');
1137 if (!p)
1138 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
1139
1140 if (p == optarg) {
1141 offset = 0;
1142 size = parse_number(p + 1);
1143 } else if (p) {
1144 offset = parse_number(optarg);
1145 if (p[1] == '\0')
1146 size = ULONG_MAX;
1147 else {
1148 size = parse_number(p + 1);
1149 if (*p == ',') {
1150 if (size < offset)
1151 fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
1152 offset, size);
1153 size -= offset;
1154 }
1155 }
1156 } else {
1157 offset = parse_number(optarg);
1158 size = 1;
1159 }
1160
1161 add_addr_range(offset, size);
1162}
1163
1164static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
1165{
1166 if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
1167 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
1168
1169 opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
1170 opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
1171 nr_bit_filters++;
1172}
1173
1174static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
1175{
1176 size_t i;
1177
1178 if (!*str || !len)
1179 return 0;
1180
1181 if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
1182 return BITS_COMPOUND;
1183
1184 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
1185 if (!page_flag_names[i])
1186 continue;
1187 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
1188 return 1ULL << i;
1189 }
1190
1191 return parse_number(str);
1192}
1193
1194static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
1195{
1196 const char *p = str;
1197 uint64_t flags = 0;
1198
1199 while (1) {
1200 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
1201 if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
1202 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
1203 if (*p != ',')
1204 break;
1205 str = p + 1;
1206 }
1207 p++;
1208 }
1209
1210 return flags;
1211}
1212
1213static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
1214{
1215 uint64_t mask;
1216 uint64_t bits;
1217 const char *p;
1218
1219 p = strchr(optarg, '=');
1220 if (p == optarg) {
1221 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1222 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1223 } else if (p) {
1224 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1225 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1226 } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
1227 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
1228 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1229 } else {
1230 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1231 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1232 }
1233
1234 add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
1235}
1236
1237static void parse_kpageflags(const char *name)
1238{
1239 opt_kpageflags = name;
1240}
1241
1242static void describe_flags(const char *optarg)
1243{
1244 uint64_t flags = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1245
1246 printf("0x%016llx\t%s\t%s\n",
1247 (unsigned long long)flags,
1248 page_flag_name(flags),
1249 page_flag_longname(flags));
1250}
1251
1252static const struct option opts[] = {
1253 { "raw" , 0, NULL, 'r' },
1254 { "pid" , 1, NULL, 'p' },
1255 { "file" , 1, NULL, 'f' },
1256 { "addr" , 1, NULL, 'a' },
1257 { "bits" , 1, NULL, 'b' },
1258 { "cgroup" , 1, NULL, 'c' },
1259 { "describe" , 1, NULL, 'd' },
1260 { "mark-idle" , 0, NULL, 'i' },
1261 { "list" , 0, NULL, 'l' },
1262 { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
1263 { "list-cgroup", 0, NULL, 'C' },
1264 { "list-mapcnt", 0, NULL, 'M' },
1265 { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
1266 { "hwpoison" , 0, NULL, 'X' },
1267 { "unpoison" , 0, NULL, 'x' },
1268 { "kpageflags", 0, NULL, 'F' },
1269 { "help" , 0, NULL, 'h' },
1270 { NULL , 0, NULL, 0 }
1271};
1272
1273int main(int argc, char *argv[])
1274{
1275 int c;
1276
1277 page_size = getpagesize();
1278
1279 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
1280 "rp:f:a:b:d:c:CilLMNXxF:h",
1281 opts, NULL)) != -1) {
1282 switch (c) {
1283 case 'r':
1284 opt_raw = 1;
1285 break;
1286 case 'p':
1287 parse_pid(optarg);
1288 break;
1289 case 'f':
1290 parse_file(optarg);
1291 break;
1292 case 'a':
1293 parse_addr_range(optarg);
1294 break;
1295 case 'b':
1296 parse_bits_mask(optarg);
1297 break;
1298 case 'c':
1299 parse_cgroup(optarg);
1300 break;
1301 case 'C':
1302 opt_list_cgroup = 1;
1303 break;
1304 case 'd':
1305 describe_flags(optarg);
1306 exit(0);
1307 case 'i':
1308 opt_mark_idle = 1;
1309 break;
1310 case 'l':
1311 opt_list = 1;
1312 break;
1313 case 'L':
1314 opt_list = 2;
1315 break;
1316 case 'M':
1317 opt_list_mapcnt = 1;
1318 break;
1319 case 'N':
1320 opt_no_summary = 1;
1321 break;
1322 case 'X':
1323 opt_hwpoison = 1;
1324 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1325 break;
1326 case 'x':
1327 opt_unpoison = 1;
1328 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1329 break;
1330 case 'F':
1331 parse_kpageflags(optarg);
1332 break;
1333 case 'h':
1334 usage();
1335 exit(0);
1336 default:
1337 usage();
1338 exit(1);
1339 }
1340 }
1341
1342 if (!opt_kpageflags)
1343 opt_kpageflags = PROC_KPAGEFLAGS;
1344
1345 if (opt_cgroup || opt_list_cgroup)
1346 kpagecgroup_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGECGROUP, O_RDONLY);
1347
1348 if (opt_list && opt_list_mapcnt)
1349 kpagecount_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGECOUNT, O_RDONLY);
1350
1351 if (opt_mark_idle)
1352 page_idle_fd = checked_open(SYS_KERNEL_MM_PAGE_IDLE, O_RDWR);
1353
1354 if (opt_list && opt_pid)
1355 printf("voffset\t");
1356 if (opt_list && opt_file)
1357 printf("foffset\t");
1358 if (opt_list && opt_list_cgroup)
1359 printf("cgroup\t");
1360 if (opt_list && opt_list_mapcnt)
1361 printf("map-cnt\t");
1362
1363 if (opt_list == 1)
1364 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
1365 if (opt_list == 2)
1366 printf("offset\tflags\n");
1367
1368 if (opt_file)
1369 walk_page_cache();
1370 else
1371 walk_addr_ranges();
1372
1373 if (opt_list == 1)
1374 flush_page_range();
1375
1376 if (opt_no_summary)
1377 return 0;
1378
1379 if (opt_list)
1380 printf("\n\n");
1381
1382 if (opt_file) {
1383 show_file(opt_file, &st);
1384 printf("\n");
1385 }
1386
1387 show_summary();
1388
1389 if (opt_list_mapcnt)
1390 close(kpagecount_fd);
1391
1392 if (page_idle_fd >= 0)
1393 close(page_idle_fd);
1394
1395 return 0;
1396}