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  1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
  2//
  3// Torture test for smp_call_function() and friends.
  4//
  5// Copyright (C) Facebook, 2020.
  6//
  7// Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
  8
  9#define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
 10
 11#include <linux/atomic.h>
 12#include <linux/bitops.h>
 13#include <linux/completion.h>
 14#include <linux/cpu.h>
 15#include <linux/delay.h>
 16#include <linux/err.h>
 17#include <linux/init.h>
 18#include <linux/interrupt.h>
 19#include <linux/kthread.h>
 20#include <linux/kernel.h>
 21#include <linux/mm.h>
 22#include <linux/module.h>
 23#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 24#include <linux/notifier.h>
 25#include <linux/percpu.h>
 26#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 27#include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
 28#include <linux/reboot.h>
 29#include <linux/sched.h>
 30#include <linux/spinlock.h>
 31#include <linux/smp.h>
 32#include <linux/stat.h>
 33#include <linux/srcu.h>
 34#include <linux/slab.h>
 35#include <linux/torture.h>
 36#include <linux/types.h>
 37
 38#define SCFTORT_STRING "scftorture"
 39#define SCFTORT_FLAG SCFTORT_STRING ": "
 40
 41#define SCFTORTOUT(s, x...) \
 42	pr_alert(SCFTORT_FLAG s, ## x)
 43
 44#define VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT(s, x...) \
 45	do { if (verbose) pr_alert(SCFTORT_FLAG s, ## x); } while (0)
 46
 47#define VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT_ERRSTRING(s, x...) \
 48	do { if (verbose) pr_alert(SCFTORT_FLAG "!!! " s, ## x); } while (0)
 49
 50MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 51MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>");
 52
 53// Wait until there are multiple CPUs before starting test.
 54torture_param(int, holdoff, IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_SCF_TORTURE_TEST) ? 10 : 0,
 55	      "Holdoff time before test start (s)");
 56torture_param(int, longwait, 0, "Include ridiculously long waits? (seconds)");
 57torture_param(int, nthreads, -1, "# threads, defaults to -1 for all CPUs.");
 58torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
 59torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0, "Time between CPU hotplugs (s), 0=disable");
 60torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (ms), <= zero to disable.");
 61torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60, "Number of seconds between stats printk()s.");
 62torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of jiffies to run/halt test, 0=disable");
 63torture_param(bool, use_cpus_read_lock, 0, "Use cpus_read_lock() to exclude CPU hotplug.");
 64torture_param(int, verbose, 0, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
 65torture_param(int, weight_resched, -1, "Testing weight for resched_cpu() operations.");
 66torture_param(int, weight_single, -1, "Testing weight for single-CPU no-wait operations.");
 67torture_param(int, weight_single_wait, -1, "Testing weight for single-CPU operations.");
 68torture_param(int, weight_many, -1, "Testing weight for multi-CPU no-wait operations.");
 69torture_param(int, weight_many_wait, -1, "Testing weight for multi-CPU operations.");
 70torture_param(int, weight_all, -1, "Testing weight for all-CPU no-wait operations.");
 71torture_param(int, weight_all_wait, -1, "Testing weight for all-CPU operations.");
 72
 73char *torture_type = "";
 74
 75#ifdef MODULE
 76# define SCFTORT_SHUTDOWN 0
 77#else
 78# define SCFTORT_SHUTDOWN 1
 79#endif
 80
 81torture_param(bool, shutdown, SCFTORT_SHUTDOWN, "Shutdown at end of torture test.");
 82
 83struct scf_statistics {
 84	struct task_struct *task;
 85	int cpu;
 86	long long n_resched;
 87	long long n_single;
 88	long long n_single_ofl;
 89	long long n_single_wait;
 90	long long n_single_wait_ofl;
 91	long long n_many;
 92	long long n_many_wait;
 93	long long n_all;
 94	long long n_all_wait;
 95};
 96
 97static struct scf_statistics *scf_stats_p;
 98static struct task_struct *scf_torture_stats_task;
 99static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long long, scf_invoked_count);
100
101// Data for random primitive selection
102#define SCF_PRIM_RESCHED	0
103#define SCF_PRIM_SINGLE		1
104#define SCF_PRIM_MANY		2
105#define SCF_PRIM_ALL		3
106#define SCF_NPRIMS		7 // Need wait and no-wait versions of each,
107				  //  except for SCF_PRIM_RESCHED.
108
109static char *scf_prim_name[] = {
110	"resched_cpu",
111	"smp_call_function_single",
112	"smp_call_function_many",
113	"smp_call_function",
114};
115
116struct scf_selector {
117	unsigned long scfs_weight;
118	int scfs_prim;
119	bool scfs_wait;
120};
121static struct scf_selector scf_sel_array[SCF_NPRIMS];
122static int scf_sel_array_len;
123static unsigned long scf_sel_totweight;
124
125// Communicate between caller and handler.
126struct scf_check {
127	bool scfc_in;
128	bool scfc_out;
129	int scfc_cpu; // -1 for not _single().
130	bool scfc_wait;
131};
132
133// Use to wait for all threads to start.
134static atomic_t n_started;
135static atomic_t n_errs;
136static atomic_t n_mb_in_errs;
137static atomic_t n_mb_out_errs;
138static atomic_t n_alloc_errs;
139static bool scfdone;
140static char *bangstr = "";
141
142static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(scf_torture_rand);
143
144extern void resched_cpu(int cpu); // An alternative IPI vector.
145
146// Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure serialization.
147static void scf_torture_stats_print(void)
148{
149	int cpu;
150	int i;
151	long long invoked_count = 0;
152	bool isdone = READ_ONCE(scfdone);
153	struct scf_statistics scfs = {};
154
155	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
156		invoked_count += data_race(per_cpu(scf_invoked_count, cpu));
157	for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
158		scfs.n_resched += scf_stats_p[i].n_resched;
159		scfs.n_single += scf_stats_p[i].n_single;
160		scfs.n_single_ofl += scf_stats_p[i].n_single_ofl;
161		scfs.n_single_wait += scf_stats_p[i].n_single_wait;
162		scfs.n_single_wait_ofl += scf_stats_p[i].n_single_wait_ofl;
163		scfs.n_many += scf_stats_p[i].n_many;
164		scfs.n_many_wait += scf_stats_p[i].n_many_wait;
165		scfs.n_all += scf_stats_p[i].n_all;
166		scfs.n_all_wait += scf_stats_p[i].n_all_wait;
167	}
168	if (atomic_read(&n_errs) || atomic_read(&n_mb_in_errs) ||
169	    atomic_read(&n_mb_out_errs) || atomic_read(&n_alloc_errs))
170		bangstr = "!!! ";
171	pr_alert("%s %sscf_invoked_count %s: %lld resched: %lld single: %lld/%lld single_ofl: %lld/%lld many: %lld/%lld all: %lld/%lld ",
172		 SCFTORT_FLAG, bangstr, isdone ? "VER" : "ver", invoked_count, scfs.n_resched,
173		 scfs.n_single, scfs.n_single_wait, scfs.n_single_ofl, scfs.n_single_wait_ofl,
174		 scfs.n_many, scfs.n_many_wait, scfs.n_all, scfs.n_all_wait);
175	torture_onoff_stats();
176	pr_cont("ste: %d stnmie: %d stnmoe: %d staf: %d\n", atomic_read(&n_errs),
177		atomic_read(&n_mb_in_errs), atomic_read(&n_mb_out_errs),
178		atomic_read(&n_alloc_errs));
179}
180
181// Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
182// was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
183static int
184scf_torture_stats(void *arg)
185{
186	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("scf_torture_stats task started");
187	do {
188		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
189		scf_torture_stats_print();
190		torture_shutdown_absorb("scf_torture_stats");
191	} while (!torture_must_stop());
192	torture_kthread_stopping("scf_torture_stats");
193	return 0;
194}
195
196// Add a primitive to the scf_sel_array[].
197static void scf_sel_add(unsigned long weight, int prim, bool wait)
198{
199	struct scf_selector *scfsp = &scf_sel_array[scf_sel_array_len];
200
201	// If no weight, if array would overflow, if computing three-place
202	// percentages would overflow, or if the scf_prim_name[] array would
203	// overflow, don't bother.  In the last three two cases, complain.
204	if (!weight ||
205	    WARN_ON_ONCE(scf_sel_array_len >= ARRAY_SIZE(scf_sel_array)) ||
206	    WARN_ON_ONCE(0 - 100000 * weight <= 100000 * scf_sel_totweight) ||
207	    WARN_ON_ONCE(prim >= ARRAY_SIZE(scf_prim_name)))
208		return;
209	scf_sel_totweight += weight;
210	scfsp->scfs_weight = scf_sel_totweight;
211	scfsp->scfs_prim = prim;
212	scfsp->scfs_wait = wait;
213	scf_sel_array_len++;
214}
215
216// Dump out weighting percentages for scf_prim_name[] array.
217static void scf_sel_dump(void)
218{
219	int i;
220	unsigned long oldw = 0;
221	struct scf_selector *scfsp;
222	unsigned long w;
223
224	for (i = 0; i < scf_sel_array_len; i++) {
225		scfsp = &scf_sel_array[i];
226		w = (scfsp->scfs_weight - oldw) * 100000 / scf_sel_totweight;
227		pr_info("%s: %3lu.%03lu %s(%s)\n", __func__, w / 1000, w % 1000,
228			scf_prim_name[scfsp->scfs_prim],
229			scfsp->scfs_wait ? "wait" : "nowait");
230		oldw = scfsp->scfs_weight;
231	}
232}
233
234// Randomly pick a primitive and wait/nowait, based on weightings.
235static struct scf_selector *scf_sel_rand(struct torture_random_state *trsp)
236{
237	int i;
238	unsigned long w = torture_random(trsp) % (scf_sel_totweight + 1);
239
240	for (i = 0; i < scf_sel_array_len; i++)
241		if (scf_sel_array[i].scfs_weight >= w)
242			return &scf_sel_array[i];
243	WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
244	return &scf_sel_array[0];
245}
246
247// Update statistics and occasionally burn up mass quantities of CPU time,
248// if told to do so via scftorture.longwait.  Otherwise, occasionally burn
249// a little bit.
250static void scf_handler(void *scfc_in)
251{
252	int i;
253	int j;
254	unsigned long r = torture_random(this_cpu_ptr(&scf_torture_rand));
255	struct scf_check *scfcp = scfc_in;
256
257	if (likely(scfcp)) {
258		WRITE_ONCE(scfcp->scfc_out, false); // For multiple receivers.
259		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(unlikely(!READ_ONCE(scfcp->scfc_in))))
260			atomic_inc(&n_mb_in_errs);
261	}
262	this_cpu_inc(scf_invoked_count);
263	if (longwait <= 0) {
264		if (!(r & 0xffc0))
265			udelay(r & 0x3f);
266		goto out;
267	}
268	if (r & 0xfff)
269		goto out;
270	r = (r >> 12);
271	if (longwait <= 0) {
272		udelay((r & 0xff) + 1);
273		goto out;
274	}
275	r = r % longwait + 1;
276	for (i = 0; i < r; i++) {
277		for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
278			udelay(1000);
279			cpu_relax();
280		}
281	}
282out:
283	if (unlikely(!scfcp))
284		return;
285	if (scfcp->scfc_wait)
286		WRITE_ONCE(scfcp->scfc_out, true);
287	else
288		kfree(scfcp);
289}
290
291// As above, but check for correct CPU.
292static void scf_handler_1(void *scfc_in)
293{
294	struct scf_check *scfcp = scfc_in;
295
296	if (likely(scfcp) && WARN_ONCE(smp_processor_id() != scfcp->scfc_cpu, "%s: Wanted CPU %d got CPU %d\n", __func__, scfcp->scfc_cpu, smp_processor_id())) {
297		atomic_inc(&n_errs);
298	}
299	scf_handler(scfcp);
300}
301
302// Randomly do an smp_call_function*() invocation.
303static void scftorture_invoke_one(struct scf_statistics *scfp, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
304{
305	uintptr_t cpu;
306	int ret = 0;
307	struct scf_check *scfcp = NULL;
308	struct scf_selector *scfsp = scf_sel_rand(trsp);
309
310	if (use_cpus_read_lock)
311		cpus_read_lock();
312	else
313		preempt_disable();
314	if (scfsp->scfs_prim == SCF_PRIM_SINGLE || scfsp->scfs_wait) {
315		scfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*scfcp), GFP_ATOMIC);
316		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!scfcp)) {
317			atomic_inc(&n_alloc_errs);
318		} else {
319			scfcp->scfc_cpu = -1;
320			scfcp->scfc_wait = scfsp->scfs_wait;
321			scfcp->scfc_out = false;
322		}
323	}
324	switch (scfsp->scfs_prim) {
325	case SCF_PRIM_RESCHED:
326		if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_SCF_TORTURE_TEST)) {
327			cpu = torture_random(trsp) % nr_cpu_ids;
328			scfp->n_resched++;
329			resched_cpu(cpu);
330		}
331		break;
332	case SCF_PRIM_SINGLE:
333		cpu = torture_random(trsp) % nr_cpu_ids;
334		if (scfsp->scfs_wait)
335			scfp->n_single_wait++;
336		else
337			scfp->n_single++;
338		if (scfcp) {
339			scfcp->scfc_cpu = cpu;
340			barrier(); // Prevent race-reduction compiler optimizations.
341			scfcp->scfc_in = true;
342		}
343		ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, scf_handler_1, (void *)scfcp, scfsp->scfs_wait);
344		if (ret) {
345			if (scfsp->scfs_wait)
346				scfp->n_single_wait_ofl++;
347			else
348				scfp->n_single_ofl++;
349			kfree(scfcp);
350			scfcp = NULL;
351		}
352		break;
353	case SCF_PRIM_MANY:
354		if (scfsp->scfs_wait)
355			scfp->n_many_wait++;
356		else
357			scfp->n_many++;
358		if (scfcp) {
359			barrier(); // Prevent race-reduction compiler optimizations.
360			scfcp->scfc_in = true;
361		}
362		smp_call_function_many(cpu_online_mask, scf_handler, scfcp, scfsp->scfs_wait);
363		break;
364	case SCF_PRIM_ALL:
365		if (scfsp->scfs_wait)
366			scfp->n_all_wait++;
367		else
368			scfp->n_all++;
369		if (scfcp) {
370			barrier(); // Prevent race-reduction compiler optimizations.
371			scfcp->scfc_in = true;
372		}
373		smp_call_function(scf_handler, scfcp, scfsp->scfs_wait);
374		break;
375	default:
376		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
377		if (scfcp)
378			scfcp->scfc_out = true;
379	}
380	if (scfcp && scfsp->scfs_wait) {
381		if (WARN_ON_ONCE((num_online_cpus() > 1 || scfsp->scfs_prim == SCF_PRIM_SINGLE) &&
382				 !scfcp->scfc_out))
383			atomic_inc(&n_mb_out_errs); // Leak rather than trash!
384		else
385			kfree(scfcp);
386		barrier(); // Prevent race-reduction compiler optimizations.
387	}
388	if (use_cpus_read_lock)
389		cpus_read_unlock();
390	else
391		preempt_enable();
392	if (!(torture_random(trsp) & 0xfff))
393		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
394}
395
396// SCF test kthread.  Repeatedly does calls to members of the
397// smp_call_function() family of functions.
398static int scftorture_invoker(void *arg)
399{
400	int cpu;
401	int curcpu;
402	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
403	struct scf_statistics *scfp = (struct scf_statistics *)arg;
404	bool was_offline = false;
405
406	VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT("scftorture_invoker %d: task started", scfp->cpu);
407	cpu = scfp->cpu % nr_cpu_ids;
408	WARN_ON_ONCE(set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(cpu)));
409	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
410	if (holdoff)
411		schedule_timeout_interruptible(holdoff * HZ);
412
413	VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT("scftorture_invoker %d: Waiting for all SCF torturers from cpu %d", scfp->cpu, raw_smp_processor_id());
414
415	// Make sure that the CPU is affinitized appropriately during testing.
416	curcpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
417	WARN_ONCE(curcpu != scfp->cpu % nr_cpu_ids,
418		  "%s: Wanted CPU %d, running on %d, nr_cpu_ids = %d\n",
419		  __func__, scfp->cpu, curcpu, nr_cpu_ids);
420
421	if (!atomic_dec_return(&n_started))
422		while (atomic_read_acquire(&n_started)) {
423			if (torture_must_stop()) {
424				VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT("scftorture_invoker %d ended before starting", scfp->cpu);
425				goto end;
426			}
427			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
428		}
429
430	VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT("scftorture_invoker %d started", scfp->cpu);
431
432	do {
433		scftorture_invoke_one(scfp, &rand);
434		while (cpu_is_offline(cpu) && !torture_must_stop()) {
435			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
436			was_offline = true;
437		}
438		if (was_offline) {
439			set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(cpu));
440			was_offline = false;
441		}
442		cond_resched();
443		stutter_wait("scftorture_invoker");
444	} while (!torture_must_stop());
445
446	VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT("scftorture_invoker %d ended", scfp->cpu);
447end:
448	torture_kthread_stopping("scftorture_invoker");
449	return 0;
450}
451
452static void
453scftorture_print_module_parms(const char *tag)
454{
455	pr_alert(SCFTORT_FLAG
456		 "--- %s:  verbose=%d holdoff=%d longwait=%d nthreads=%d onoff_holdoff=%d onoff_interval=%d shutdown_secs=%d stat_interval=%d stutter=%d use_cpus_read_lock=%d, weight_resched=%d, weight_single=%d, weight_single_wait=%d, weight_many=%d, weight_many_wait=%d, weight_all=%d, weight_all_wait=%d\n", tag,
457		 verbose, holdoff, longwait, nthreads, onoff_holdoff, onoff_interval, shutdown, stat_interval, stutter, use_cpus_read_lock, weight_resched, weight_single, weight_single_wait, weight_many, weight_many_wait, weight_all, weight_all_wait);
458}
459
460static void scf_cleanup_handler(void *unused)
461{
462}
463
464static void scf_torture_cleanup(void)
465{
466	int i;
467
468	if (torture_cleanup_begin())
469		return;
470
471	WRITE_ONCE(scfdone, true);
472	if (nthreads)
473		for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
474			torture_stop_kthread("scftorture_invoker", scf_stats_p[i].task);
475	else
476		goto end;
477	smp_call_function(scf_cleanup_handler, NULL, 0);
478	torture_stop_kthread(scf_torture_stats, scf_torture_stats_task);
479	scf_torture_stats_print();  // -After- the stats thread is stopped!
480	kfree(scf_stats_p);  // -After- the last stats print has completed!
481	scf_stats_p = NULL;
482
483	if (atomic_read(&n_errs) || atomic_read(&n_mb_in_errs) || atomic_read(&n_mb_out_errs))
484		scftorture_print_module_parms("End of test: FAILURE");
485	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
486		scftorture_print_module_parms("End of test: LOCK_HOTPLUG");
487	else
488		scftorture_print_module_parms("End of test: SUCCESS");
489
490end:
491	torture_cleanup_end();
492}
493
494static int __init scf_torture_init(void)
495{
496	long i;
497	int firsterr = 0;
498	unsigned long weight_resched1 = weight_resched;
499	unsigned long weight_single1 = weight_single;
500	unsigned long weight_single_wait1 = weight_single_wait;
501	unsigned long weight_many1 = weight_many;
502	unsigned long weight_many_wait1 = weight_many_wait;
503	unsigned long weight_all1 = weight_all;
504	unsigned long weight_all_wait1 = weight_all_wait;
505
506	if (!torture_init_begin(SCFTORT_STRING, verbose))
507		return -EBUSY;
508
509	scftorture_print_module_parms("Start of test");
510
511	if (weight_resched == -1 && weight_single == -1 && weight_single_wait == -1 &&
512	    weight_many == -1 && weight_many_wait == -1 &&
513	    weight_all == -1 && weight_all_wait == -1) {
514		weight_resched1 = 2 * nr_cpu_ids;
515		weight_single1 = 2 * nr_cpu_ids;
516		weight_single_wait1 = 2 * nr_cpu_ids;
517		weight_many1 = 2;
518		weight_many_wait1 = 2;
519		weight_all1 = 1;
520		weight_all_wait1 = 1;
521	} else {
522		if (weight_resched == -1)
523			weight_resched1 = 0;
524		if (weight_single == -1)
525			weight_single1 = 0;
526		if (weight_single_wait == -1)
527			weight_single_wait1 = 0;
528		if (weight_many == -1)
529			weight_many1 = 0;
530		if (weight_many_wait == -1)
531			weight_many_wait1 = 0;
532		if (weight_all == -1)
533			weight_all1 = 0;
534		if (weight_all_wait == -1)
535			weight_all_wait1 = 0;
536	}
537	if (weight_single1 == 0 && weight_single_wait1 == 0 &&
538	    weight_many1 == 0 && weight_many_wait1 == 0 &&
539	    weight_all1 == 0 && weight_all_wait1 == 0) {
540		VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT_ERRSTRING("all zero weights makes no sense");
541		firsterr = -EINVAL;
542		goto unwind;
543	}
544	if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_SCF_TORTURE_TEST))
545		scf_sel_add(weight_resched1, SCF_PRIM_RESCHED, false);
546	else if (weight_resched1)
547		VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT_ERRSTRING("built as module, weight_resched ignored");
548	scf_sel_add(weight_single1, SCF_PRIM_SINGLE, false);
549	scf_sel_add(weight_single_wait1, SCF_PRIM_SINGLE, true);
550	scf_sel_add(weight_many1, SCF_PRIM_MANY, false);
551	scf_sel_add(weight_many_wait1, SCF_PRIM_MANY, true);
552	scf_sel_add(weight_all1, SCF_PRIM_ALL, false);
553	scf_sel_add(weight_all_wait1, SCF_PRIM_ALL, true);
554	scf_sel_dump();
555
556	if (onoff_interval > 0) {
557		firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval, NULL);
558		if (firsterr)
559			goto unwind;
560	}
561	if (shutdown_secs > 0) {
562		firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, scf_torture_cleanup);
563		if (firsterr)
564			goto unwind;
565	}
566	if (stutter > 0) {
567		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter, stutter);
568		if (firsterr)
569			goto unwind;
570	}
571
572	// Worker tasks invoking smp_call_function().
573	if (nthreads < 0)
574		nthreads = num_online_cpus();
575	scf_stats_p = kcalloc(nthreads, sizeof(scf_stats_p[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
576	if (!scf_stats_p) {
577		VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
578		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
579		goto unwind;
580	}
581
582	VERBOSE_SCFTORTOUT("Starting %d smp_call_function() threads\n", nthreads);
583
584	atomic_set(&n_started, nthreads);
585	for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
586		scf_stats_p[i].cpu = i;
587		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(scftorture_invoker, (void *)&scf_stats_p[i],
588						  scf_stats_p[i].task);
589		if (firsterr)
590			goto unwind;
591	}
592	if (stat_interval > 0) {
593		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(scf_torture_stats, NULL, scf_torture_stats_task);
594		if (firsterr)
595			goto unwind;
596	}
597
598	torture_init_end();
599	return 0;
600
601unwind:
602	torture_init_end();
603	scf_torture_cleanup();
604	return firsterr;
605}
606
607module_init(scf_torture_init);
608module_exit(scf_torture_cleanup);