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  1// SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause)
  2
  3/*
  4 * resolve_btfids scans Elf object for .BTF_ids section and resolves
  5 * its symbols with BTF ID values.
  6 *
  7 * Each symbol points to 4 bytes data and is expected to have
  8 * following name syntax:
  9 *
 10 * __BTF_ID__<type>__<symbol>[__<id>]
 11 *
 12 * type is:
 13 *
 14 *   func    - lookup BTF_KIND_FUNC symbol with <symbol> name
 15 *             and store its ID into the data:
 16 *
 17 *             __BTF_ID__func__vfs_close__1:
 18 *             .zero 4
 19 *
 20 *   struct  - lookup BTF_KIND_STRUCT symbol with <symbol> name
 21 *             and store its ID into the data:
 22 *
 23 *             __BTF_ID__struct__sk_buff__1:
 24 *             .zero 4
 25 *
 26 *   union   - lookup BTF_KIND_UNION symbol with <symbol> name
 27 *             and store its ID into the data:
 28 *
 29 *             __BTF_ID__union__thread_union__1:
 30 *             .zero 4
 31 *
 32 *   typedef - lookup BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF symbol with <symbol> name
 33 *             and store its ID into the data:
 34 *
 35 *             __BTF_ID__typedef__pid_t__1:
 36 *             .zero 4
 37 *
 38 *   set     - store symbol size into first 4 bytes and sort following
 39 *             ID list
 40 *
 41 *             __BTF_ID__set__list:
 42 *             .zero 4
 43 *             list:
 44 *             __BTF_ID__func__vfs_getattr__3:
 45 *             .zero 4
 46 *             __BTF_ID__func__vfs_fallocate__4:
 47 *             .zero 4
 48 */
 49
 50#define  _GNU_SOURCE
 51#include <stdio.h>
 52#include <string.h>
 53#include <unistd.h>
 54#include <stdlib.h>
 55#include <libelf.h>
 56#include <gelf.h>
 57#include <sys/stat.h>
 58#include <fcntl.h>
 59#include <errno.h>
 60#include <linux/rbtree.h>
 61#include <linux/zalloc.h>
 62#include <linux/err.h>
 63#include <btf.h>
 64#include <libbpf.h>
 65#include <parse-options.h>
 66
 67#define BTF_IDS_SECTION	".BTF_ids"
 68#define BTF_ID		"__BTF_ID__"
 69
 70#define BTF_STRUCT	"struct"
 71#define BTF_UNION	"union"
 72#define BTF_TYPEDEF	"typedef"
 73#define BTF_FUNC	"func"
 74#define BTF_SET		"set"
 75
 76#define ADDR_CNT	100
 77
 78struct btf_id {
 79	struct rb_node	 rb_node;
 80	char		*name;
 81	union {
 82		int	 id;
 83		int	 cnt;
 84	};
 85	int		 addr_cnt;
 86	Elf64_Addr	 addr[ADDR_CNT];
 87};
 88
 89struct object {
 90	const char *path;
 91	const char *btf;
 92
 93	struct {
 94		int		 fd;
 95		Elf		*elf;
 96		Elf_Data	*symbols;
 97		Elf_Data	*idlist;
 98		int		 symbols_shndx;
 99		int		 idlist_shndx;
100		size_t		 strtabidx;
101		unsigned long	 idlist_addr;
102	} efile;
103
104	struct rb_root	sets;
105	struct rb_root	structs;
106	struct rb_root	unions;
107	struct rb_root	typedefs;
108	struct rb_root	funcs;
109
110	int nr_funcs;
111	int nr_structs;
112	int nr_unions;
113	int nr_typedefs;
114};
115
116static int verbose;
117
118int eprintf(int level, int var, const char *fmt, ...)
119{
120	va_list args;
121	int ret;
122
123	if (var >= level) {
124		va_start(args, fmt);
125		ret = vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
126		va_end(args);
127	}
128	return ret;
129}
130
131#ifndef pr_fmt
132#define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
133#endif
134
135#define pr_debug(fmt, ...) \
136	eprintf(1, verbose, pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
137#define pr_debugN(n, fmt, ...) \
138	eprintf(n, verbose, pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
139#define pr_debug2(fmt, ...) pr_debugN(2, pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
140#define pr_err(fmt, ...) \
141	eprintf(0, verbose, pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
142
143static bool is_btf_id(const char *name)
144{
145	return name && !strncmp(name, BTF_ID, sizeof(BTF_ID) - 1);
146}
147
148static struct btf_id *btf_id__find(struct rb_root *root, const char *name)
149{
150	struct rb_node *p = root->rb_node;
151	struct btf_id *id;
152	int cmp;
153
154	while (p) {
155		id = rb_entry(p, struct btf_id, rb_node);
156		cmp = strcmp(id->name, name);
157		if (cmp < 0)
158			p = p->rb_left;
159		else if (cmp > 0)
160			p = p->rb_right;
161		else
162			return id;
163	}
164	return NULL;
165}
166
167static struct btf_id*
168btf_id__add(struct rb_root *root, char *name, bool unique)
169{
170	struct rb_node **p = &root->rb_node;
171	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
172	struct btf_id *id;
173	int cmp;
174
175	while (*p != NULL) {
176		parent = *p;
177		id = rb_entry(parent, struct btf_id, rb_node);
178		cmp = strcmp(id->name, name);
179		if (cmp < 0)
180			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
181		else if (cmp > 0)
182			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
183		else
184			return unique ? NULL : id;
185	}
186
187	id = zalloc(sizeof(*id));
188	if (id) {
189		pr_debug("adding symbol %s\n", name);
190		id->name = name;
191		rb_link_node(&id->rb_node, parent, p);
192		rb_insert_color(&id->rb_node, root);
193	}
194	return id;
195}
196
197static char *get_id(const char *prefix_end)
198{
199	/*
200	 * __BTF_ID__func__vfs_truncate__0
201	 * prefix_end =  ^
202	 */
203	char *p, *id = strdup(prefix_end + sizeof("__") - 1);
204
205	if (id) {
206		/*
207		 * __BTF_ID__func__vfs_truncate__0
208		 * id =            ^
209		 *
210		 * cut the unique id part
211		 */
212		p = strrchr(id, '_');
213		p--;
214		if (*p != '_') {
215			free(id);
216			return NULL;
217		}
218		*p = '\0';
219	}
220	return id;
221}
222
223static struct btf_id *add_symbol(struct rb_root *root, char *name, size_t size)
224{
225	char *id;
226
227	id = get_id(name + size);
228	if (!id) {
229		pr_err("FAILED to parse symbol name: %s\n", name);
230		return NULL;
231	}
232
233	return btf_id__add(root, id, false);
234}
235
236/*
237 * The data of compressed section should be aligned to 4
238 * (for 32bit) or 8 (for 64 bit) bytes. The binutils ld
239 * sets sh_addralign to 1, which makes libelf fail with
240 * misaligned section error during the update:
241 *    FAILED elf_update(WRITE): invalid section alignment
242 *
243 * While waiting for ld fix, we fix the compressed sections
244 * sh_addralign value manualy.
245 */
246static int compressed_section_fix(Elf *elf, Elf_Scn *scn, GElf_Shdr *sh)
247{
248	int expected = gelf_getclass(elf) == ELFCLASS32 ? 4 : 8;
249
250	if (!(sh->sh_flags & SHF_COMPRESSED))
251		return 0;
252
253	if (sh->sh_addralign == expected)
254		return 0;
255
256	pr_debug2(" - fixing wrong alignment sh_addralign %u, expected %u\n",
257		  sh->sh_addralign, expected);
258
259	sh->sh_addralign = expected;
260
261	if (gelf_update_shdr(scn, sh) == 0) {
262		printf("FAILED cannot update section header: %s\n",
263			elf_errmsg(-1));
264		return -1;
265	}
266	return 0;
267}
268
269static int elf_collect(struct object *obj)
270{
271	Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
272	size_t shdrstrndx;
273	int idx = 0;
274	Elf *elf;
275	int fd;
276
277	fd = open(obj->path, O_RDWR, 0666);
278	if (fd == -1) {
279		pr_err("FAILED cannot open %s: %s\n",
280			obj->path, strerror(errno));
281		return -1;
282	}
283
284	elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
285
286	elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_RDWR_MMAP, NULL);
287	if (!elf) {
288		pr_err("FAILED cannot create ELF descriptor: %s\n",
289			elf_errmsg(-1));
290		return -1;
291	}
292
293	obj->efile.fd  = fd;
294	obj->efile.elf = elf;
295
296	elf_flagelf(elf, ELF_C_SET, ELF_F_LAYOUT);
297
298	if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf, &shdrstrndx) != 0) {
299		pr_err("FAILED cannot get shdr str ndx\n");
300		return -1;
301	}
302
303	/*
304	 * Scan all the elf sections and look for save data
305	 * from .BTF_ids section and symbols.
306	 */
307	while ((scn = elf_nextscn(elf, scn)) != NULL) {
308		Elf_Data *data;
309		GElf_Shdr sh;
310		char *name;
311
312		idx++;
313		if (gelf_getshdr(scn, &sh) != &sh) {
314			pr_err("FAILED get section(%d) header\n", idx);
315			return -1;
316		}
317
318		name = elf_strptr(elf, shdrstrndx, sh.sh_name);
319		if (!name) {
320			pr_err("FAILED get section(%d) name\n", idx);
321			return -1;
322		}
323
324		data = elf_getdata(scn, 0);
325		if (!data) {
326			pr_err("FAILED to get section(%d) data from %s\n",
327				idx, name);
328			return -1;
329		}
330
331		pr_debug2("section(%d) %s, size %ld, link %d, flags %lx, type=%d\n",
332			  idx, name, (unsigned long) data->d_size,
333			  (int) sh.sh_link, (unsigned long) sh.sh_flags,
334			  (int) sh.sh_type);
335
336		if (sh.sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) {
337			obj->efile.symbols       = data;
338			obj->efile.symbols_shndx = idx;
339			obj->efile.strtabidx     = sh.sh_link;
340		} else if (!strcmp(name, BTF_IDS_SECTION)) {
341			obj->efile.idlist       = data;
342			obj->efile.idlist_shndx = idx;
343			obj->efile.idlist_addr  = sh.sh_addr;
344		}
345
346		if (compressed_section_fix(elf, scn, &sh))
347			return -1;
348	}
349
350	return 0;
351}
352
353static int symbols_collect(struct object *obj)
354{
355	Elf_Scn *scn = NULL;
356	int n, i, err = 0;
357	GElf_Shdr sh;
358	char *name;
359
360	scn = elf_getscn(obj->efile.elf, obj->efile.symbols_shndx);
361	if (!scn)
362		return -1;
363
364	if (gelf_getshdr(scn, &sh) != &sh)
365		return -1;
366
367	n = sh.sh_size / sh.sh_entsize;
368
369	/*
370	 * Scan symbols and look for the ones starting with
371	 * __BTF_ID__* over .BTF_ids section.
372	 */
373	for (i = 0; !err && i < n; i++) {
374		char *tmp, *prefix;
375		struct btf_id *id;
376		GElf_Sym sym;
377		int err = -1;
378
379		if (!gelf_getsym(obj->efile.symbols, i, &sym))
380			return -1;
381
382		if (sym.st_shndx != obj->efile.idlist_shndx)
383			continue;
384
385		name = elf_strptr(obj->efile.elf, obj->efile.strtabidx,
386				  sym.st_name);
387
388		if (!is_btf_id(name))
389			continue;
390
391		/*
392		 * __BTF_ID__TYPE__vfs_truncate__0
393		 * prefix =  ^
394		 */
395		prefix = name + sizeof(BTF_ID) - 1;
396
397		/* struct */
398		if (!strncmp(prefix, BTF_STRUCT, sizeof(BTF_STRUCT) - 1)) {
399			obj->nr_structs++;
400			id = add_symbol(&obj->structs, prefix, sizeof(BTF_STRUCT) - 1);
401		/* union  */
402		} else if (!strncmp(prefix, BTF_UNION, sizeof(BTF_UNION) - 1)) {
403			obj->nr_unions++;
404			id = add_symbol(&obj->unions, prefix, sizeof(BTF_UNION) - 1);
405		/* typedef */
406		} else if (!strncmp(prefix, BTF_TYPEDEF, sizeof(BTF_TYPEDEF) - 1)) {
407			obj->nr_typedefs++;
408			id = add_symbol(&obj->typedefs, prefix, sizeof(BTF_TYPEDEF) - 1);
409		/* func */
410		} else if (!strncmp(prefix, BTF_FUNC, sizeof(BTF_FUNC) - 1)) {
411			obj->nr_funcs++;
412			id = add_symbol(&obj->funcs, prefix, sizeof(BTF_FUNC) - 1);
413		/* set */
414		} else if (!strncmp(prefix, BTF_SET, sizeof(BTF_SET) - 1)) {
415			id = add_symbol(&obj->sets, prefix, sizeof(BTF_SET) - 1);
416			/*
417			 * SET objects store list's count, which is encoded
418			 * in symbol's size, together with 'cnt' field hence
419			 * that - 1.
420			 */
421			if (id)
422				id->cnt = sym.st_size / sizeof(int) - 1;
423		} else {
424			pr_err("FAILED unsupported prefix %s\n", prefix);
425			return -1;
426		}
427
428		if (!id)
429			return -ENOMEM;
430
431		if (id->addr_cnt >= ADDR_CNT) {
432			pr_err("FAILED symbol %s crossed the number of allowed lists",
433				id->name);
434			return -1;
435		}
436		id->addr[id->addr_cnt++] = sym.st_value;
437	}
438
439	return 0;
440}
441
442static int symbols_resolve(struct object *obj)
443{
444	int nr_typedefs = obj->nr_typedefs;
445	int nr_structs  = obj->nr_structs;
446	int nr_unions   = obj->nr_unions;
447	int nr_funcs    = obj->nr_funcs;
448	int err, type_id;
449	struct btf *btf;
450	__u32 nr;
451
452	btf = btf__parse(obj->btf ?: obj->path, NULL);
453	err = libbpf_get_error(btf);
454	if (err) {
455		pr_err("FAILED: load BTF from %s: %s",
456			obj->path, strerror(err));
457		return -1;
458	}
459
460	err = -1;
461	nr  = btf__get_nr_types(btf);
462
463	/*
464	 * Iterate all the BTF types and search for collected symbol IDs.
465	 */
466	for (type_id = 1; type_id <= nr; type_id++) {
467		const struct btf_type *type;
468		struct rb_root *root;
469		struct btf_id *id;
470		const char *str;
471		int *nr;
472
473		type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type_id);
474		if (!type) {
475			pr_err("FAILED: malformed BTF, can't resolve type for ID %d\n",
476				type_id);
477			goto out;
478		}
479
480		if (btf_is_func(type) && nr_funcs) {
481			nr   = &nr_funcs;
482			root = &obj->funcs;
483		} else if (btf_is_struct(type) && nr_structs) {
484			nr   = &nr_structs;
485			root = &obj->structs;
486		} else if (btf_is_union(type) && nr_unions) {
487			nr   = &nr_unions;
488			root = &obj->unions;
489		} else if (btf_is_typedef(type) && nr_typedefs) {
490			nr   = &nr_typedefs;
491			root = &obj->typedefs;
492		} else
493			continue;
494
495		str = btf__name_by_offset(btf, type->name_off);
496		if (!str) {
497			pr_err("FAILED: malformed BTF, can't resolve name for ID %d\n",
498				type_id);
499			goto out;
500		}
501
502		id = btf_id__find(root, str);
503		if (id) {
504			id->id = type_id;
505			(*nr)--;
506		}
507	}
508
509	err = 0;
510out:
511	btf__free(btf);
512	return err;
513}
514
515static int id_patch(struct object *obj, struct btf_id *id)
516{
517	Elf_Data *data = obj->efile.idlist;
518	int *ptr = data->d_buf;
519	int i;
520
521	if (!id->id) {
522		pr_err("FAILED unresolved symbol %s\n", id->name);
523		return -EINVAL;
524	}
525
526	for (i = 0; i < id->addr_cnt; i++) {
527		unsigned long addr = id->addr[i];
528		unsigned long idx = addr - obj->efile.idlist_addr;
529
530		pr_debug("patching addr %5lu: ID %7d [%s]\n",
531			 idx, id->id, id->name);
532
533		if (idx >= data->d_size) {
534			pr_err("FAILED patching index %lu out of bounds %lu\n",
535				idx, data->d_size);
536			return -1;
537		}
538
539		idx = idx / sizeof(int);
540		ptr[idx] = id->id;
541	}
542
543	return 0;
544}
545
546static int __symbols_patch(struct object *obj, struct rb_root *root)
547{
548	struct rb_node *next;
549	struct btf_id *id;
550
551	next = rb_first(root);
552	while (next) {
553		id = rb_entry(next, struct btf_id, rb_node);
554
555		if (id_patch(obj, id))
556			return -1;
557
558		next = rb_next(next);
559	}
560	return 0;
561}
562
563static int cmp_id(const void *pa, const void *pb)
564{
565	const int *a = pa, *b = pb;
566
567	return *a - *b;
568}
569
570static int sets_patch(struct object *obj)
571{
572	Elf_Data *data = obj->efile.idlist;
573	int *ptr = data->d_buf;
574	struct rb_node *next;
575
576	next = rb_first(&obj->sets);
577	while (next) {
578		unsigned long addr, idx;
579		struct btf_id *id;
580		int *base;
581		int cnt;
582
583		id   = rb_entry(next, struct btf_id, rb_node);
584		addr = id->addr[0];
585		idx  = addr - obj->efile.idlist_addr;
586
587		/* sets are unique */
588		if (id->addr_cnt != 1) {
589			pr_err("FAILED malformed data for set '%s'\n",
590				id->name);
591			return -1;
592		}
593
594		idx = idx / sizeof(int);
595		base = &ptr[idx] + 1;
596		cnt = ptr[idx];
597
598		pr_debug("sorting  addr %5lu: cnt %6d [%s]\n",
599			 (idx + 1) * sizeof(int), cnt, id->name);
600
601		qsort(base, cnt, sizeof(int), cmp_id);
602
603		next = rb_next(next);
604	}
605	return 0;
606}
607
608static int symbols_patch(struct object *obj)
609{
610	int err;
611
612	if (__symbols_patch(obj, &obj->structs)  ||
613	    __symbols_patch(obj, &obj->unions)   ||
614	    __symbols_patch(obj, &obj->typedefs) ||
615	    __symbols_patch(obj, &obj->funcs)    ||
616	    __symbols_patch(obj, &obj->sets))
617		return -1;
618
619	if (sets_patch(obj))
620		return -1;
621
622	elf_flagdata(obj->efile.idlist, ELF_C_SET, ELF_F_DIRTY);
623
624	err = elf_update(obj->efile.elf, ELF_C_WRITE);
625	if (err < 0) {
626		pr_err("FAILED elf_update(WRITE): %s\n",
627			elf_errmsg(-1));
628	}
629
630	pr_debug("update %s for %s\n",
631		 err >= 0 ? "ok" : "failed", obj->path);
632	return err < 0 ? -1 : 0;
633}
634
635static const char * const resolve_btfids_usage[] = {
636	"resolve_btfids [<options>] <ELF object>",
637	NULL
638};
639
640int main(int argc, const char **argv)
641{
642	bool no_fail = false;
643	struct object obj = {
644		.efile = {
645			.idlist_shndx  = -1,
646			.symbols_shndx = -1,
647		},
648		.structs  = RB_ROOT,
649		.unions   = RB_ROOT,
650		.typedefs = RB_ROOT,
651		.funcs    = RB_ROOT,
652		.sets     = RB_ROOT,
653	};
654	struct option btfid_options[] = {
655		OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
656			 "be more verbose (show errors, etc)"),
657		OPT_STRING(0, "btf", &obj.btf, "BTF data",
658			   "BTF data"),
659		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-fail", &no_fail,
660			   "do not fail if " BTF_IDS_SECTION " section is not found"),
661		OPT_END()
662	};
663	int err = -1;
664
665	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, btfid_options, resolve_btfids_usage,
666			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
667	if (argc != 1)
668		usage_with_options(resolve_btfids_usage, btfid_options);
669
670	obj.path = argv[0];
671
672	if (elf_collect(&obj))
673		goto out;
674
675	/*
676	 * We did not find .BTF_ids section or symbols section,
677	 * nothing to do..
678	 */
679	if (obj.efile.idlist_shndx == -1 ||
680	    obj.efile.symbols_shndx == -1) {
681		if (no_fail)
682			return 0;
683		pr_err("FAILED to find needed sections\n");
684		return -1;
685	}
686
687	if (symbols_collect(&obj))
688		goto out;
689
690	if (symbols_resolve(&obj))
691		goto out;
692
693	if (symbols_patch(&obj))
694		goto out;
695
696	err = 0;
697out:
698	if (obj.efile.elf)
699		elf_end(obj.efile.elf);
700	close(obj.efile.fd);
701	return err;
702}