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1/*
2 * linux/fs/char_dev.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 */
6
7#include <linux/init.h>
8#include <linux/fs.h>
9#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
10#include <linux/slab.h>
11#include <linux/string.h>
12
13#include <linux/major.h>
14#include <linux/errno.h>
15#include <linux/module.h>
16#include <linux/seq_file.h>
17
18#include <linux/kobject.h>
19#include <linux/kobj_map.h>
20#include <linux/cdev.h>
21#include <linux/mutex.h>
22#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
23#include <linux/tty.h>
24
25#include "internal.h"
26
27static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
28
29static DEFINE_MUTEX(chrdevs_lock);
30
31static struct char_device_struct {
32 struct char_device_struct *next;
33 unsigned int major;
34 unsigned int baseminor;
35 int minorct;
36 char name[64];
37 struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
38} *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
39
40/* index in the above */
41static inline int major_to_index(unsigned major)
42{
43 return major % CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
44}
45
46#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
47
48void chrdev_show(struct seq_file *f, off_t offset)
49{
50 struct char_device_struct *cd;
51
52 if (offset < CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) {
53 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
54 for (cd = chrdevs[offset]; cd; cd = cd->next)
55 seq_printf(f, "%3d %s\n", cd->major, cd->name);
56 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
57 }
58}
59
60#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
61
62/*
63 * Register a single major with a specified minor range.
64 *
65 * If major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
66 * its number.
67 *
68 * If major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve the passed range of
69 * minors and will return zero on success.
70 *
71 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
72 */
73static struct char_device_struct *
74__register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
75 int minorct, const char *name)
76{
77 struct char_device_struct *cd, **cp;
78 int ret = 0;
79 int i;
80
81 cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
82 if (cd == NULL)
83 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
84
85 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
86
87 /* temporary */
88 if (major == 0) {
89 for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i > 0; i--) {
90 if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
91 break;
92 }
93
94 if (i < CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_END)
95 pr_warn("CHRDEV \"%s\" major number %d goes below the dynamic allocation range\n",
96 name, i);
97
98 if (i == 0) {
99 ret = -EBUSY;
100 goto out;
101 }
102 major = i;
103 }
104
105 cd->major = major;
106 cd->baseminor = baseminor;
107 cd->minorct = minorct;
108 strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));
109
110 i = major_to_index(major);
111
112 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
113 if ((*cp)->major > major ||
114 ((*cp)->major == major &&
115 (((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||
116 ((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor))))
117 break;
118
119 /* Check for overlapping minor ranges. */
120 if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
121 int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
122 int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
123 int new_min = baseminor;
124 int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
125
126 /* New driver overlaps from the left. */
127 if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
128 ret = -EBUSY;
129 goto out;
130 }
131
132 /* New driver overlaps from the right. */
133 if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
134 ret = -EBUSY;
135 goto out;
136 }
137 }
138
139 cd->next = *cp;
140 *cp = cd;
141 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
142 return cd;
143out:
144 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
145 kfree(cd);
146 return ERR_PTR(ret);
147}
148
149static struct char_device_struct *
150__unregister_chrdev_region(unsigned major, unsigned baseminor, int minorct)
151{
152 struct char_device_struct *cd = NULL, **cp;
153 int i = major_to_index(major);
154
155 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
156 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
157 if ((*cp)->major == major &&
158 (*cp)->baseminor == baseminor &&
159 (*cp)->minorct == minorct)
160 break;
161 if (*cp) {
162 cd = *cp;
163 *cp = cd->next;
164 }
165 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
166 return cd;
167}
168
169/**
170 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
171 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
172 * the major number.
173 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
174 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
175 *
176 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
177 */
178int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
179{
180 struct char_device_struct *cd;
181 dev_t to = from + count;
182 dev_t n, next;
183
184 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
185 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
186 if (next > to)
187 next = to;
188 cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
189 next - n, name);
190 if (IS_ERR(cd))
191 goto fail;
192 }
193 return 0;
194fail:
195 to = n;
196 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
197 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
198 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
199 }
200 return PTR_ERR(cd);
201}
202
203/**
204 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
205 * @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
206 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
207 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
208 * @name: the name of the associated device or driver
209 *
210 * Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
211 * chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
212 * in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
213 */
214int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,
215 const char *name)
216{
217 struct char_device_struct *cd;
218 cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
219 if (IS_ERR(cd))
220 return PTR_ERR(cd);
221 *dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
222 return 0;
223}
224
225/**
226 * __register_chrdev() - create and register a cdev occupying a range of minors
227 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
228 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
229 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
230 * @name: name of this range of devices
231 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
232 *
233 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
234 * its number.
235 *
236 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
237 * major number and will return zero on success.
238 *
239 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
240 *
241 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
242 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
243 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
244 * of the module here.
245 */
246int __register_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
247 unsigned int count, const char *name,
248 const struct file_operations *fops)
249{
250 struct char_device_struct *cd;
251 struct cdev *cdev;
252 int err = -ENOMEM;
253
254 cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count, name);
255 if (IS_ERR(cd))
256 return PTR_ERR(cd);
257
258 cdev = cdev_alloc();
259 if (!cdev)
260 goto out2;
261
262 cdev->owner = fops->owner;
263 cdev->ops = fops;
264 kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
265
266 err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, baseminor), count);
267 if (err)
268 goto out;
269
270 cd->cdev = cdev;
271
272 return major ? 0 : cd->major;
273out:
274 kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
275out2:
276 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, baseminor, count));
277 return err;
278}
279
280/**
281 * unregister_chrdev_region() - unregister a range of device numbers
282 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
283 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
284 *
285 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
286 * starting with @from. The caller should normally be the one who
287 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
288 */
289void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
290{
291 dev_t to = from + count;
292 dev_t n, next;
293
294 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
295 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
296 if (next > to)
297 next = to;
298 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
299 }
300}
301
302/**
303 * __unregister_chrdev - unregister and destroy a cdev
304 * @major: major device number
305 * @baseminor: first of the range of minor numbers
306 * @count: the number of minor numbers this cdev is occupying
307 * @name: name of this range of devices
308 *
309 * Unregister and destroy the cdev occupying the region described by
310 * @major, @baseminor and @count. This function undoes what
311 * __register_chrdev() did.
312 */
313void __unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
314 unsigned int count, const char *name)
315{
316 struct char_device_struct *cd;
317
318 cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count);
319 if (cd && cd->cdev)
320 cdev_del(cd->cdev);
321 kfree(cd);
322}
323
324static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cdev_lock);
325
326static struct kobject *cdev_get(struct cdev *p)
327{
328 struct module *owner = p->owner;
329 struct kobject *kobj;
330
331 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
332 return NULL;
333 kobj = kobject_get(&p->kobj);
334 if (!kobj)
335 module_put(owner);
336 return kobj;
337}
338
339void cdev_put(struct cdev *p)
340{
341 if (p) {
342 struct module *owner = p->owner;
343 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
344 module_put(owner);
345 }
346}
347
348/*
349 * Called every time a character special file is opened
350 */
351static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
352{
353 const struct file_operations *fops;
354 struct cdev *p;
355 struct cdev *new = NULL;
356 int ret = 0;
357
358 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
359 p = inode->i_cdev;
360 if (!p) {
361 struct kobject *kobj;
362 int idx;
363 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
364 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
365 if (!kobj)
366 return -ENXIO;
367 new = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
368 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
369 /* Check i_cdev again in case somebody beat us to it while
370 we dropped the lock. */
371 p = inode->i_cdev;
372 if (!p) {
373 inode->i_cdev = p = new;
374 list_add(&inode->i_devices, &p->list);
375 new = NULL;
376 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
377 ret = -ENXIO;
378 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
379 ret = -ENXIO;
380 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
381 cdev_put(new);
382 if (ret)
383 return ret;
384
385 ret = -ENXIO;
386 fops = fops_get(p->ops);
387 if (!fops)
388 goto out_cdev_put;
389
390 replace_fops(filp, fops);
391 if (filp->f_op->open) {
392 ret = filp->f_op->open(inode, filp);
393 if (ret)
394 goto out_cdev_put;
395 }
396
397 return 0;
398
399 out_cdev_put:
400 cdev_put(p);
401 return ret;
402}
403
404void cd_forget(struct inode *inode)
405{
406 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
407 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
408 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
409 inode->i_mapping = &inode->i_data;
410 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
411}
412
413static void cdev_purge(struct cdev *cdev)
414{
415 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
416 while (!list_empty(&cdev->list)) {
417 struct inode *inode;
418 inode = container_of(cdev->list.next, struct inode, i_devices);
419 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
420 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
421 }
422 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
423}
424
425/*
426 * Dummy default file-operations: the only thing this does
427 * is contain the open that then fills in the correct operations
428 * depending on the special file...
429 */
430const struct file_operations def_chr_fops = {
431 .open = chrdev_open,
432 .llseek = noop_llseek,
433};
434
435static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
436{
437 struct cdev *p = data;
438 return &p->kobj;
439}
440
441static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
442{
443 struct cdev *p = data;
444 return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
445}
446
447/**
448 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
449 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
450 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
451 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
452 * device
453 *
454 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
455 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
456 */
457int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
458{
459 int error;
460
461 p->dev = dev;
462 p->count = count;
463
464 error = kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL,
465 exact_match, exact_lock, p);
466 if (error)
467 return error;
468
469 kobject_get(p->kobj.parent);
470
471 return 0;
472}
473
474static void cdev_unmap(dev_t dev, unsigned count)
475{
476 kobj_unmap(cdev_map, dev, count);
477}
478
479/**
480 * cdev_del() - remove a cdev from the system
481 * @p: the cdev structure to be removed
482 *
483 * cdev_del() removes @p from the system, possibly freeing the structure
484 * itself.
485 */
486void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
487{
488 cdev_unmap(p->dev, p->count);
489 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
490}
491
492
493static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
494{
495 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
496 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
497
498 cdev_purge(p);
499 kobject_put(parent);
500}
501
502static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
503{
504 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
505 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
506
507 cdev_purge(p);
508 kfree(p);
509 kobject_put(parent);
510}
511
512static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
513 .release = cdev_default_release,
514};
515
516static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
517 .release = cdev_dynamic_release,
518};
519
520/**
521 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
522 *
523 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
524 */
525struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
526{
527 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
528 if (p) {
529 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
530 kobject_init(&p->kobj, &ktype_cdev_dynamic);
531 }
532 return p;
533}
534
535/**
536 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
537 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
538 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
539 *
540 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
541 * system with cdev_add().
542 */
543void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
544{
545 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
546 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
547 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
548 cdev->ops = fops;
549}
550
551static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
552{
553 if (request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)) > 0)
554 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
555 request_module("char-major-%d", MAJOR(dev));
556 return NULL;
557}
558
559void __init chrdev_init(void)
560{
561 cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
562}
563
564
565/* Let modules do char dev stuff */
566EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev_region);
567EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev_region);
568EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_chrdev_region);
569EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_init);
570EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_alloc);
571EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_del);
572EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_add);
573EXPORT_SYMBOL(__register_chrdev);
574EXPORT_SYMBOL(__unregister_chrdev);
1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2/*
3 * linux/fs/char_dev.c
4 *
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 */
7
8#include <linux/init.h>
9#include <linux/fs.h>
10#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
11#include <linux/slab.h>
12#include <linux/string.h>
13
14#include <linux/major.h>
15#include <linux/errno.h>
16#include <linux/module.h>
17#include <linux/seq_file.h>
18
19#include <linux/kobject.h>
20#include <linux/kobj_map.h>
21#include <linux/cdev.h>
22#include <linux/mutex.h>
23#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
24#include <linux/tty.h>
25
26#include "internal.h"
27
28static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
29
30static DEFINE_MUTEX(chrdevs_lock);
31
32#define CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE 255
33
34static struct char_device_struct {
35 struct char_device_struct *next;
36 unsigned int major;
37 unsigned int baseminor;
38 int minorct;
39 char name[64];
40 struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
41} *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
42
43/* index in the above */
44static inline int major_to_index(unsigned major)
45{
46 return major % CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
47}
48
49#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
50
51void chrdev_show(struct seq_file *f, off_t offset)
52{
53 struct char_device_struct *cd;
54
55 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
56 for (cd = chrdevs[major_to_index(offset)]; cd; cd = cd->next) {
57 if (cd->major == offset)
58 seq_printf(f, "%3d %s\n", cd->major, cd->name);
59 }
60 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
61}
62
63#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
64
65static int find_dynamic_major(void)
66{
67 int i;
68 struct char_device_struct *cd;
69
70 for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i >= CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_END; i--) {
71 if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
72 return i;
73 }
74
75 for (i = CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START;
76 i >= CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END; i--) {
77 for (cd = chrdevs[major_to_index(i)]; cd; cd = cd->next)
78 if (cd->major == i)
79 break;
80
81 if (cd == NULL)
82 return i;
83 }
84
85 return -EBUSY;
86}
87
88/*
89 * Register a single major with a specified minor range.
90 *
91 * If major == 0 this function will dynamically allocate an unused major.
92 * If major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve the range of minors
93 * with given major.
94 *
95 */
96static struct char_device_struct *
97__register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
98 int minorct, const char *name)
99{
100 struct char_device_struct *cd, *curr, *prev = NULL;
101 int ret;
102 int i;
103
104 if (major >= CHRDEV_MAJOR_MAX) {
105 pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" major requested (%u) is greater than the maximum (%u)\n",
106 name, major, CHRDEV_MAJOR_MAX-1);
107 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
108 }
109
110 if (minorct > MINORMASK + 1 - baseminor) {
111 pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" minor range requested (%u-%u) is out of range of maximum range (%u-%u) for a single major\n",
112 name, baseminor, baseminor + minorct - 1, 0, MINORMASK);
113 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
114 }
115
116 cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
117 if (cd == NULL)
118 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
119
120 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
121
122 if (major == 0) {
123 ret = find_dynamic_major();
124 if (ret < 0) {
125 pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" dynamic allocation region is full\n",
126 name);
127 goto out;
128 }
129 major = ret;
130 }
131
132 ret = -EBUSY;
133 i = major_to_index(major);
134 for (curr = chrdevs[i]; curr; prev = curr, curr = curr->next) {
135 if (curr->major < major)
136 continue;
137
138 if (curr->major > major)
139 break;
140
141 if (curr->baseminor + curr->minorct <= baseminor)
142 continue;
143
144 if (curr->baseminor >= baseminor + minorct)
145 break;
146
147 goto out;
148 }
149
150 cd->major = major;
151 cd->baseminor = baseminor;
152 cd->minorct = minorct;
153 strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));
154
155 if (!prev) {
156 cd->next = curr;
157 chrdevs[i] = cd;
158 } else {
159 cd->next = prev->next;
160 prev->next = cd;
161 }
162
163 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
164 return cd;
165out:
166 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
167 kfree(cd);
168 return ERR_PTR(ret);
169}
170
171static struct char_device_struct *
172__unregister_chrdev_region(unsigned major, unsigned baseminor, int minorct)
173{
174 struct char_device_struct *cd = NULL, **cp;
175 int i = major_to_index(major);
176
177 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
178 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
179 if ((*cp)->major == major &&
180 (*cp)->baseminor == baseminor &&
181 (*cp)->minorct == minorct)
182 break;
183 if (*cp) {
184 cd = *cp;
185 *cp = cd->next;
186 }
187 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
188 return cd;
189}
190
191/**
192 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
193 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
194 * the major number.
195 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
196 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
197 *
198 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
199 */
200int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
201{
202 struct char_device_struct *cd;
203 dev_t to = from + count;
204 dev_t n, next;
205
206 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
207 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
208 if (next > to)
209 next = to;
210 cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
211 next - n, name);
212 if (IS_ERR(cd))
213 goto fail;
214 }
215 return 0;
216fail:
217 to = n;
218 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
219 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
220 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
221 }
222 return PTR_ERR(cd);
223}
224
225/**
226 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
227 * @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
228 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
229 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
230 * @name: the name of the associated device or driver
231 *
232 * Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
233 * chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
234 * in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
235 */
236int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,
237 const char *name)
238{
239 struct char_device_struct *cd;
240 cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
241 if (IS_ERR(cd))
242 return PTR_ERR(cd);
243 *dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
244 return 0;
245}
246
247/**
248 * __register_chrdev() - create and register a cdev occupying a range of minors
249 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
250 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
251 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
252 * @name: name of this range of devices
253 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
254 *
255 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
256 * its number.
257 *
258 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
259 * major number and will return zero on success.
260 *
261 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
262 *
263 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
264 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
265 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
266 * of the module here.
267 */
268int __register_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
269 unsigned int count, const char *name,
270 const struct file_operations *fops)
271{
272 struct char_device_struct *cd;
273 struct cdev *cdev;
274 int err = -ENOMEM;
275
276 cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count, name);
277 if (IS_ERR(cd))
278 return PTR_ERR(cd);
279
280 cdev = cdev_alloc();
281 if (!cdev)
282 goto out2;
283
284 cdev->owner = fops->owner;
285 cdev->ops = fops;
286 kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
287
288 err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, baseminor), count);
289 if (err)
290 goto out;
291
292 cd->cdev = cdev;
293
294 return major ? 0 : cd->major;
295out:
296 kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
297out2:
298 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, baseminor, count));
299 return err;
300}
301
302/**
303 * unregister_chrdev_region() - unregister a range of device numbers
304 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
305 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
306 *
307 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
308 * starting with @from. The caller should normally be the one who
309 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
310 */
311void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
312{
313 dev_t to = from + count;
314 dev_t n, next;
315
316 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
317 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
318 if (next > to)
319 next = to;
320 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
321 }
322}
323
324/**
325 * __unregister_chrdev - unregister and destroy a cdev
326 * @major: major device number
327 * @baseminor: first of the range of minor numbers
328 * @count: the number of minor numbers this cdev is occupying
329 * @name: name of this range of devices
330 *
331 * Unregister and destroy the cdev occupying the region described by
332 * @major, @baseminor and @count. This function undoes what
333 * __register_chrdev() did.
334 */
335void __unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
336 unsigned int count, const char *name)
337{
338 struct char_device_struct *cd;
339
340 cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count);
341 if (cd && cd->cdev)
342 cdev_del(cd->cdev);
343 kfree(cd);
344}
345
346static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cdev_lock);
347
348static struct kobject *cdev_get(struct cdev *p)
349{
350 struct module *owner = p->owner;
351 struct kobject *kobj;
352
353 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
354 return NULL;
355 kobj = kobject_get_unless_zero(&p->kobj);
356 if (!kobj)
357 module_put(owner);
358 return kobj;
359}
360
361void cdev_put(struct cdev *p)
362{
363 if (p) {
364 struct module *owner = p->owner;
365 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
366 module_put(owner);
367 }
368}
369
370/*
371 * Called every time a character special file is opened
372 */
373static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
374{
375 const struct file_operations *fops;
376 struct cdev *p;
377 struct cdev *new = NULL;
378 int ret = 0;
379
380 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
381 p = inode->i_cdev;
382 if (!p) {
383 struct kobject *kobj;
384 int idx;
385 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
386 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
387 if (!kobj)
388 return -ENXIO;
389 new = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
390 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
391 /* Check i_cdev again in case somebody beat us to it while
392 we dropped the lock. */
393 p = inode->i_cdev;
394 if (!p) {
395 inode->i_cdev = p = new;
396 list_add(&inode->i_devices, &p->list);
397 new = NULL;
398 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
399 ret = -ENXIO;
400 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
401 ret = -ENXIO;
402 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
403 cdev_put(new);
404 if (ret)
405 return ret;
406
407 ret = -ENXIO;
408 fops = fops_get(p->ops);
409 if (!fops)
410 goto out_cdev_put;
411
412 replace_fops(filp, fops);
413 if (filp->f_op->open) {
414 ret = filp->f_op->open(inode, filp);
415 if (ret)
416 goto out_cdev_put;
417 }
418
419 return 0;
420
421 out_cdev_put:
422 cdev_put(p);
423 return ret;
424}
425
426void cd_forget(struct inode *inode)
427{
428 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
429 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
430 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
431 inode->i_mapping = &inode->i_data;
432 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
433}
434
435static void cdev_purge(struct cdev *cdev)
436{
437 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
438 while (!list_empty(&cdev->list)) {
439 struct inode *inode;
440 inode = container_of(cdev->list.next, struct inode, i_devices);
441 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
442 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
443 }
444 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
445}
446
447/*
448 * Dummy default file-operations: the only thing this does
449 * is contain the open that then fills in the correct operations
450 * depending on the special file...
451 */
452const struct file_operations def_chr_fops = {
453 .open = chrdev_open,
454 .llseek = noop_llseek,
455};
456
457static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
458{
459 struct cdev *p = data;
460 return &p->kobj;
461}
462
463static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
464{
465 struct cdev *p = data;
466 return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
467}
468
469/**
470 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
471 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
472 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
473 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
474 * device
475 *
476 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
477 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
478 */
479int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
480{
481 int error;
482
483 p->dev = dev;
484 p->count = count;
485
486 if (WARN_ON(dev == WHITEOUT_DEV))
487 return -EBUSY;
488
489 error = kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL,
490 exact_match, exact_lock, p);
491 if (error)
492 return error;
493
494 kobject_get(p->kobj.parent);
495
496 return 0;
497}
498
499/**
500 * cdev_set_parent() - set the parent kobject for a char device
501 * @p: the cdev structure
502 * @kobj: the kobject to take a reference to
503 *
504 * cdev_set_parent() sets a parent kobject which will be referenced
505 * appropriately so the parent is not freed before the cdev. This
506 * should be called before cdev_add.
507 */
508void cdev_set_parent(struct cdev *p, struct kobject *kobj)
509{
510 WARN_ON(!kobj->state_initialized);
511 p->kobj.parent = kobj;
512}
513
514/**
515 * cdev_device_add() - add a char device and it's corresponding
516 * struct device, linkink
517 * @dev: the device structure
518 * @cdev: the cdev structure
519 *
520 * cdev_device_add() adds the char device represented by @cdev to the system,
521 * just as cdev_add does. It then adds @dev to the system using device_add
522 * The dev_t for the char device will be taken from the struct device which
523 * needs to be initialized first. This helper function correctly takes a
524 * reference to the parent device so the parent will not get released until
525 * all references to the cdev are released.
526 *
527 * This helper uses dev->devt for the device number. If it is not set
528 * it will not add the cdev and it will be equivalent to device_add.
529 *
530 * This function should be used whenever the struct cdev and the
531 * struct device are members of the same structure whose lifetime is
532 * managed by the struct device.
533 *
534 * NOTE: Callers must assume that userspace was able to open the cdev and
535 * can call cdev fops callbacks at any time, even if this function fails.
536 */
537int cdev_device_add(struct cdev *cdev, struct device *dev)
538{
539 int rc = 0;
540
541 if (dev->devt) {
542 cdev_set_parent(cdev, &dev->kobj);
543
544 rc = cdev_add(cdev, dev->devt, 1);
545 if (rc)
546 return rc;
547 }
548
549 rc = device_add(dev);
550 if (rc)
551 cdev_del(cdev);
552
553 return rc;
554}
555
556/**
557 * cdev_device_del() - inverse of cdev_device_add
558 * @dev: the device structure
559 * @cdev: the cdev structure
560 *
561 * cdev_device_del() is a helper function to call cdev_del and device_del.
562 * It should be used whenever cdev_device_add is used.
563 *
564 * If dev->devt is not set it will not remove the cdev and will be equivalent
565 * to device_del.
566 *
567 * NOTE: This guarantees that associated sysfs callbacks are not running
568 * or runnable, however any cdevs already open will remain and their fops
569 * will still be callable even after this function returns.
570 */
571void cdev_device_del(struct cdev *cdev, struct device *dev)
572{
573 device_del(dev);
574 if (dev->devt)
575 cdev_del(cdev);
576}
577
578static void cdev_unmap(dev_t dev, unsigned count)
579{
580 kobj_unmap(cdev_map, dev, count);
581}
582
583/**
584 * cdev_del() - remove a cdev from the system
585 * @p: the cdev structure to be removed
586 *
587 * cdev_del() removes @p from the system, possibly freeing the structure
588 * itself.
589 *
590 * NOTE: This guarantees that cdev device will no longer be able to be
591 * opened, however any cdevs already open will remain and their fops will
592 * still be callable even after cdev_del returns.
593 */
594void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
595{
596 cdev_unmap(p->dev, p->count);
597 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
598}
599
600
601static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
602{
603 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
604 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
605
606 cdev_purge(p);
607 kobject_put(parent);
608}
609
610static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
611{
612 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
613 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
614
615 cdev_purge(p);
616 kfree(p);
617 kobject_put(parent);
618}
619
620static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
621 .release = cdev_default_release,
622};
623
624static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
625 .release = cdev_dynamic_release,
626};
627
628/**
629 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
630 *
631 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
632 */
633struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
634{
635 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
636 if (p) {
637 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
638 kobject_init(&p->kobj, &ktype_cdev_dynamic);
639 }
640 return p;
641}
642
643/**
644 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
645 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
646 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
647 *
648 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
649 * system with cdev_add().
650 */
651void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
652{
653 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
654 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
655 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
656 cdev->ops = fops;
657}
658
659static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
660{
661 if (request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)) > 0)
662 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
663 request_module("char-major-%d", MAJOR(dev));
664 return NULL;
665}
666
667void __init chrdev_init(void)
668{
669 cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
670}
671
672
673/* Let modules do char dev stuff */
674EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev_region);
675EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev_region);
676EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_chrdev_region);
677EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_init);
678EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_alloc);
679EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_del);
680EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_add);
681EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_set_parent);
682EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_device_add);
683EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_device_del);
684EXPORT_SYMBOL(__register_chrdev);
685EXPORT_SYMBOL(__unregister_chrdev);