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1/*
2 * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
3 *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
6 * Software Foundation; version 2.
7 *
8 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
9 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
10 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
11 * more details.
12 *
13 * You should find a copy of v2 of the GNU General Public License somewhere on
14 * your Linux system; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
15 * Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
16 *
17 * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
18 *
19 * Authors: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
20 */
21
22#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
23#define _GNU_SOURCE
24#include <stdio.h>
25#include <stdlib.h>
26#include <unistd.h>
27#include <stdint.h>
28#include <stdarg.h>
29#include <string.h>
30#include <getopt.h>
31#include <limits.h>
32#include <assert.h>
33#include <ftw.h>
34#include <time.h>
35#include <setjmp.h>
36#include <signal.h>
37#include <sys/types.h>
38#include <sys/errno.h>
39#include <sys/fcntl.h>
40#include <sys/mount.h>
41#include <sys/statfs.h>
42#include <sys/mman.h>
43#include "../../include/uapi/linux/magic.h"
44#include "../../include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h"
45#include <api/fs/fs.h>
46
47#ifndef MAX_PATH
48# define MAX_PATH 256
49#endif
50
51#ifndef STR
52# define _STR(x) #x
53# define STR(x) _STR(x)
54#endif
55
56/*
57 * pagemap kernel ABI bits
58 */
59
60#define PM_ENTRY_BYTES 8
61#define PM_PFRAME_BITS 55
62#define PM_PFRAME_MASK ((1LL << PM_PFRAME_BITS) - 1)
63#define PM_PFRAME(x) ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
64#define MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT 5
65#define PM_SWAP_OFFSET(x) (((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK) >> MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT)
66#define PM_SOFT_DIRTY (1ULL << 55)
67#define PM_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE (1ULL << 56)
68#define PM_FILE (1ULL << 61)
69#define PM_SWAP (1ULL << 62)
70#define PM_PRESENT (1ULL << 63)
71
72/*
73 * kernel page flags
74 */
75
76#define KPF_BYTES 8
77#define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS "/proc/kpageflags"
78#define PROC_KPAGECGROUP "/proc/kpagecgroup"
79
80/* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
81#define KPF_RESERVED 32
82#define KPF_MLOCKED 33
83#define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK 34
84#define KPF_PRIVATE 35
85#define KPF_PRIVATE_2 36
86#define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE 37
87#define KPF_ARCH 38
88#define KPF_UNCACHED 39
89#define KPF_SOFTDIRTY 40
90
91/* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
92 * not part of kernel API
93 */
94#define KPF_READAHEAD 48
95#define KPF_SLOB_FREE 49
96#define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN 50
97#define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG 51
98#define KPF_FILE 61
99#define KPF_SWAP 62
100#define KPF_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE 63
101
102#define KPF_ALL_BITS ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
103#define KPF_HACKERS_BITS (0xffffULL << 32)
104#define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS (0xffffULL << 48)
105#define BIT(name) (1ULL << KPF_##name)
106#define BITS_COMPOUND (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
107
108static const char * const page_flag_names[] = {
109 [KPF_LOCKED] = "L:locked",
110 [KPF_ERROR] = "E:error",
111 [KPF_REFERENCED] = "R:referenced",
112 [KPF_UPTODATE] = "U:uptodate",
113 [KPF_DIRTY] = "D:dirty",
114 [KPF_LRU] = "l:lru",
115 [KPF_ACTIVE] = "A:active",
116 [KPF_SLAB] = "S:slab",
117 [KPF_WRITEBACK] = "W:writeback",
118 [KPF_RECLAIM] = "I:reclaim",
119 [KPF_BUDDY] = "B:buddy",
120
121 [KPF_MMAP] = "M:mmap",
122 [KPF_ANON] = "a:anonymous",
123 [KPF_SWAPCACHE] = "s:swapcache",
124 [KPF_SWAPBACKED] = "b:swapbacked",
125 [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD] = "H:compound_head",
126 [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL] = "T:compound_tail",
127 [KPF_HUGE] = "G:huge",
128 [KPF_UNEVICTABLE] = "u:unevictable",
129 [KPF_HWPOISON] = "X:hwpoison",
130 [KPF_NOPAGE] = "n:nopage",
131 [KPF_KSM] = "x:ksm",
132 [KPF_THP] = "t:thp",
133 [KPF_BALLOON] = "o:balloon",
134 [KPF_ZERO_PAGE] = "z:zero_page",
135 [KPF_IDLE] = "i:idle_page",
136
137 [KPF_RESERVED] = "r:reserved",
138 [KPF_MLOCKED] = "m:mlocked",
139 [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK] = "d:mappedtodisk",
140 [KPF_PRIVATE] = "P:private",
141 [KPF_PRIVATE_2] = "p:private_2",
142 [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE] = "O:owner_private",
143 [KPF_ARCH] = "h:arch",
144 [KPF_UNCACHED] = "c:uncached",
145 [KPF_SOFTDIRTY] = "f:softdirty",
146
147 [KPF_READAHEAD] = "I:readahead",
148 [KPF_SLOB_FREE] = "P:slob_free",
149 [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN] = "A:slub_frozen",
150 [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG] = "E:slub_debug",
151
152 [KPF_FILE] = "F:file",
153 [KPF_SWAP] = "w:swap",
154 [KPF_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE] = "1:mmap_exclusive",
155};
156
157
158static const char * const debugfs_known_mountpoints[] = {
159 "/sys/kernel/debug",
160 "/debug",
161 0,
162};
163
164/*
165 * data structures
166 */
167
168static int opt_raw; /* for kernel developers */
169static int opt_list; /* list pages (in ranges) */
170static int opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
171static pid_t opt_pid; /* process to walk */
172const char * opt_file; /* file or directory path */
173static uint64_t opt_cgroup; /* cgroup inode */
174static int opt_list_cgroup;/* list page cgroup */
175
176#define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
177static int nr_addr_ranges;
178static unsigned long opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
179static unsigned long opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
180
181#define MAX_VMAS 10240
182static int nr_vmas;
183static unsigned long pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
184static unsigned long pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
185
186#define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
187static int nr_bit_filters;
188static uint64_t opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
189static uint64_t opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
190
191static int page_size;
192
193static int pagemap_fd;
194static int kpageflags_fd;
195static int kpagecgroup_fd = -1;
196
197static int opt_hwpoison;
198static int opt_unpoison;
199
200static const char *hwpoison_debug_fs;
201static int hwpoison_inject_fd;
202static int hwpoison_forget_fd;
203
204#define HASH_SHIFT 13
205#define HASH_SIZE (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
206#define HASH_MASK (HASH_SIZE - 1)
207#define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
208
209static unsigned long total_pages;
210static unsigned long nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
211static uint64_t page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
212
213
214/*
215 * helper functions
216 */
217
218#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
219
220#define min_t(type, x, y) ({ \
221 type __min1 = (x); \
222 type __min2 = (y); \
223 __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
224
225#define max_t(type, x, y) ({ \
226 type __max1 = (x); \
227 type __max2 = (y); \
228 __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
229
230static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
231{
232 return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
233}
234
235static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
236{
237 va_list ap;
238
239 va_start(ap, x);
240 vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
241 va_end(ap);
242 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
243}
244
245static int checked_open(const char *pathname, int flags)
246{
247 int fd = open(pathname, flags);
248
249 if (fd < 0) {
250 perror(pathname);
251 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
252 }
253
254 return fd;
255}
256
257/*
258 * pagemap/kpageflags routines
259 */
260
261static unsigned long do_u64_read(int fd, char *name,
262 uint64_t *buf,
263 unsigned long index,
264 unsigned long count)
265{
266 long bytes;
267
268 if (index > ULONG_MAX / 8)
269 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
270
271 bytes = pread(fd, buf, count * 8, (off_t)index * 8);
272 if (bytes < 0) {
273 perror(name);
274 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
275 }
276 if (bytes % 8)
277 fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", bytes);
278
279 return bytes / 8;
280}
281
282static unsigned long kpageflags_read(uint64_t *buf,
283 unsigned long index,
284 unsigned long pages)
285{
286 return do_u64_read(kpageflags_fd, PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, buf, index, pages);
287}
288
289static unsigned long kpagecgroup_read(uint64_t *buf,
290 unsigned long index,
291 unsigned long pages)
292{
293 if (kpagecgroup_fd < 0)
294 return pages;
295
296 return do_u64_read(kpagecgroup_fd, PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, buf, index, pages);
297}
298
299static unsigned long pagemap_read(uint64_t *buf,
300 unsigned long index,
301 unsigned long pages)
302{
303 return do_u64_read(pagemap_fd, "/proc/pid/pagemap", buf, index, pages);
304}
305
306static unsigned long pagemap_pfn(uint64_t val)
307{
308 unsigned long pfn;
309
310 if (val & PM_PRESENT)
311 pfn = PM_PFRAME(val);
312 else
313 pfn = 0;
314
315 return pfn;
316}
317
318static unsigned long pagemap_swap_offset(uint64_t val)
319{
320 return val & PM_SWAP ? PM_SWAP_OFFSET(val) : 0;
321}
322
323/*
324 * page flag names
325 */
326
327static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
328{
329 static char buf[65];
330 int present;
331 size_t i, j;
332
333 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
334 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
335 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
336 if (present)
337 fatal("unknown flag bit %d\n", i);
338 continue;
339 }
340 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
341 }
342
343 return buf;
344}
345
346static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
347{
348 static char buf[1024];
349 size_t i, n;
350
351 for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
352 if (!page_flag_names[i])
353 continue;
354 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
355 n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
356 page_flag_names[i] + 2);
357 }
358 if (n)
359 n--;
360 buf[n] = '\0';
361
362 return buf;
363}
364
365
366/*
367 * page list and summary
368 */
369
370static void show_page_range(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
371 unsigned long size, uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup)
372{
373 static uint64_t flags0;
374 static uint64_t cgroup0;
375 static unsigned long voff;
376 static unsigned long index;
377 static unsigned long count;
378
379 if (flags == flags0 && cgroup == cgroup0 && offset == index + count &&
380 size && voffset == voff + count) {
381 count += size;
382 return;
383 }
384
385 if (count) {
386 if (opt_pid)
387 printf("%lx\t", voff);
388 if (opt_file)
389 printf("%lu\t", voff);
390 if (opt_list_cgroup)
391 printf("@%llu\t", (unsigned long long)cgroup0);
392 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
393 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
394 }
395
396 flags0 = flags;
397 cgroup0= cgroup;
398 index = offset;
399 voff = voffset;
400 count = size;
401}
402
403static void flush_page_range(void)
404{
405 show_page_range(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
406}
407
408static void show_page(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
409 uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup)
410{
411 if (opt_pid)
412 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
413 if (opt_file)
414 printf("%lu\t", voffset);
415 if (opt_list_cgroup)
416 printf("@%llu\t", (unsigned long long)cgroup);
417 printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
418}
419
420static void show_summary(void)
421{
422 size_t i;
423
424 printf(" flags\tpage-count MB"
425 " symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
426
427 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
428 if (nr_pages[i])
429 printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu %s\t%s\n",
430 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
431 nr_pages[i],
432 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
433 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
434 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
435 }
436
437 printf(" total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
438 total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
439}
440
441
442/*
443 * page flag filters
444 */
445
446static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
447{
448 int i;
449
450 for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
451 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
452 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
453 return 0;
454 } else {
455 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
456 return 0;
457 }
458 }
459
460 return 1;
461}
462
463static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
464{
465 /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
466 if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
467 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
468 flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
469 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
470 flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
471 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
472 flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
473 }
474
475 /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
476 if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
477 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
478
479 if (pme & PM_SOFT_DIRTY)
480 flags |= BIT(SOFTDIRTY);
481 if (pme & PM_FILE)
482 flags |= BIT(FILE);
483 if (pme & PM_SWAP)
484 flags |= BIT(SWAP);
485 if (pme & PM_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE)
486 flags |= BIT(MMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
487
488 return flags;
489}
490
491static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
492{
493 /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
494 flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
495
496 /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
497 if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
498 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
499
500 return flags;
501}
502
503static uint64_t kpageflags_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
504{
505 if (opt_raw)
506 flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags, pme);
507 else
508 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
509
510 return flags;
511}
512
513/*
514 * page actions
515 */
516
517static void prepare_hwpoison_fd(void)
518{
519 char buf[MAX_PATH + 1];
520
521 hwpoison_debug_fs = debugfs__mount();
522 if (!hwpoison_debug_fs) {
523 perror("mount debugfs");
524 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
525 }
526
527 if (opt_hwpoison && !hwpoison_inject_fd) {
528 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/corrupt-pfn",
529 hwpoison_debug_fs);
530 hwpoison_inject_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
531 }
532
533 if (opt_unpoison && !hwpoison_forget_fd) {
534 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/unpoison-pfn",
535 hwpoison_debug_fs);
536 hwpoison_forget_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
537 }
538}
539
540static int hwpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
541{
542 char buf[100];
543 int len;
544
545 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
546 len = write(hwpoison_inject_fd, buf, len);
547 if (len < 0) {
548 perror("hwpoison inject");
549 return len;
550 }
551 return 0;
552}
553
554static int unpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
555{
556 char buf[100];
557 int len;
558
559 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
560 len = write(hwpoison_forget_fd, buf, len);
561 if (len < 0) {
562 perror("hwpoison forget");
563 return len;
564 }
565 return 0;
566}
567
568/*
569 * page frame walker
570 */
571
572static size_t hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
573{
574 size_t k = HASH_KEY(flags);
575 size_t i;
576
577 /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
578 * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
579 */
580 if (flags == 0)
581 return 0;
582
583 /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
584 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
585 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
586 k = 1;
587 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
588 page_flags[k] = flags;
589 return k;
590 }
591 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
592 return k;
593 }
594
595 fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
596 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
597}
598
599static void add_page(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
600 uint64_t flags, uint64_t cgroup, uint64_t pme)
601{
602 flags = kpageflags_flags(flags, pme);
603
604 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
605 return;
606
607 if (opt_cgroup && cgroup != (uint64_t)opt_cgroup)
608 return;
609
610 if (opt_hwpoison)
611 hwpoison_page(offset);
612 if (opt_unpoison)
613 unpoison_page(offset);
614
615 if (opt_list == 1)
616 show_page_range(voffset, offset, 1, flags, cgroup);
617 else if (opt_list == 2)
618 show_page(voffset, offset, flags, cgroup);
619
620 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
621 total_pages++;
622}
623
624#define KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH (64 << 10) /* 64k pages */
625static void walk_pfn(unsigned long voffset,
626 unsigned long index,
627 unsigned long count,
628 uint64_t pme)
629{
630 uint64_t buf[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
631 uint64_t cgi[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
632 unsigned long batch;
633 unsigned long pages;
634 unsigned long i;
635
636 /*
637 * kpagecgroup_read() reads only if kpagecgroup were opened, but
638 * /proc/kpagecgroup might even not exist, so it's better to fill
639 * them with zeros here.
640 */
641 if (count == 1)
642 cgi[0] = 0;
643 else
644 memset(cgi, 0, sizeof cgi);
645
646 while (count) {
647 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH);
648 pages = kpageflags_read(buf, index, batch);
649 if (pages == 0)
650 break;
651
652 if (kpagecgroup_read(cgi, index, pages) != pages)
653 fatal("kpagecgroup returned fewer pages than expected");
654
655 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++)
656 add_page(voffset + i, index + i, buf[i], cgi[i], pme);
657
658 index += pages;
659 count -= pages;
660 }
661}
662
663static void walk_swap(unsigned long voffset, uint64_t pme)
664{
665 uint64_t flags = kpageflags_flags(0, pme);
666
667 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
668 return;
669
670 if (opt_cgroup)
671 return;
672
673 if (opt_list == 1)
674 show_page_range(voffset, pagemap_swap_offset(pme), 1, flags, 0);
675 else if (opt_list == 2)
676 show_page(voffset, pagemap_swap_offset(pme), flags, 0);
677
678 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
679 total_pages++;
680}
681
682#define PAGEMAP_BATCH (64 << 10)
683static void walk_vma(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
684{
685 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
686 unsigned long batch;
687 unsigned long pages;
688 unsigned long pfn;
689 unsigned long i;
690
691 while (count) {
692 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGEMAP_BATCH);
693 pages = pagemap_read(buf, index, batch);
694 if (pages == 0)
695 break;
696
697 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
698 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
699 if (pfn)
700 walk_pfn(index + i, pfn, 1, buf[i]);
701 if (buf[i] & PM_SWAP)
702 walk_swap(index + i, buf[i]);
703 }
704
705 index += pages;
706 count -= pages;
707 }
708}
709
710static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
711{
712 const unsigned long end = index + count;
713 unsigned long start;
714 int i = 0;
715
716 while (index < end) {
717
718 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
719 if (++i >= nr_vmas)
720 return;
721 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
722 return;
723
724 start = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
725 index = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
726
727 assert(start < index);
728 walk_vma(start, index - start);
729 }
730}
731
732static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
733{
734 if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
735 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
736
737 opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
738 opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
739 nr_addr_ranges++;
740}
741
742static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
743{
744 int i;
745
746 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
747
748 if (!nr_addr_ranges)
749 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
750
751 for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
752 if (!opt_pid)
753 walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_offset[i], opt_size[i], 0);
754 else
755 walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
756
757 close(kpageflags_fd);
758}
759
760
761/*
762 * user interface
763 */
764
765static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
766{
767 if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
768 return "(r)";
769 if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
770 return "(o)";
771 return " ";
772}
773
774static void usage(void)
775{
776 size_t i, j;
777
778 printf(
779"page-types [options]\n"
780" -r|--raw Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
781" -d|--describe flags Describe flags\n"
782" -a|--addr addr-spec Walk a range of pages\n"
783" -b|--bits bits-spec Walk pages with specified bits\n"
784" -c|--cgroup path|@inode Walk pages within memory cgroup\n"
785" -p|--pid pid Walk process address space\n"
786" -f|--file filename Walk file address space\n"
787" -l|--list Show page details in ranges\n"
788" -L|--list-each Show page details one by one\n"
789" -C|--list-cgroup Show cgroup inode for pages\n"
790" -N|--no-summary Don't show summary info\n"
791" -X|--hwpoison hwpoison pages\n"
792" -x|--unpoison unpoison pages\n"
793" -h|--help Show this usage message\n"
794"flags:\n"
795" 0x10 bitfield format, e.g.\n"
796" anon bit-name, e.g.\n"
797" 0x10,anon comma-separated list, e.g.\n"
798"addr-spec:\n"
799" N one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
800" N+M pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
801" N,M pages range from N to M-1\n"
802" N, pages range from N to end\n"
803" ,M pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
804"bits-spec:\n"
805" bit1,bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
806" bit1,bit2=bit1 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
807" bit1,~bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
808" =bit1,bit2 flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
809"bit-names:\n"
810 );
811
812 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
813 if (!page_flag_names[i])
814 continue;
815 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
816 page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
817 if (++j > 3) {
818 j = 0;
819 putchar('\n');
820 }
821 }
822 printf("\n "
823 "(r) raw mode bits (o) overloaded bits\n");
824}
825
826static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
827{
828 unsigned long long n;
829
830 n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
831
832 if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
833 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
834
835 return n;
836}
837
838static void parse_pid(const char *str)
839{
840 FILE *file;
841 char buf[5000];
842
843 opt_pid = parse_number(str);
844
845 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
846 pagemap_fd = checked_open(buf, O_RDONLY);
847
848 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
849 file = fopen(buf, "r");
850 if (!file) {
851 perror(buf);
852 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
853 }
854
855 while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
856 unsigned long vm_start;
857 unsigned long vm_end;
858 unsigned long long pgoff;
859 int major, minor;
860 char r, w, x, s;
861 unsigned long ino;
862 int n;
863
864 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
865 &vm_start,
866 &vm_end,
867 &r, &w, &x, &s,
868 &pgoff,
869 &major, &minor,
870 &ino);
871 if (n < 10) {
872 fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
873 continue;
874 }
875 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
876 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
877 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
878 fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
879 break;
880 }
881 }
882 fclose(file);
883}
884
885static void show_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
886{
887 unsigned long long size = st->st_size;
888 char atime[64], mtime[64];
889 long now = time(NULL);
890
891 printf("%s\tInode: %u\tSize: %llu (%llu pages)\n",
892 name, (unsigned)st->st_ino,
893 size, (size + page_size - 1) / page_size);
894
895 strftime(atime, sizeof(atime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_atime));
896 strftime(mtime, sizeof(mtime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_mtime));
897
898 printf("Modify: %s (%ld seconds ago)\nAccess: %s (%ld seconds ago)\n",
899 mtime, now - st->st_mtime,
900 atime, now - st->st_atime);
901}
902
903static sigjmp_buf sigbus_jmp;
904
905static void * volatile sigbus_addr;
906
907static void sigbus_handler(int sig, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontex)
908{
909 (void)sig;
910 (void)ucontex;
911 sigbus_addr = info ? info->si_addr : NULL;
912 siglongjmp(sigbus_jmp, 1);
913}
914
915static struct sigaction sigbus_action = {
916 .sa_sigaction = sigbus_handler,
917 .sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO,
918};
919
920static void walk_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
921{
922 uint8_t vec[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
923 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH], flags;
924 uint64_t cgroup = 0;
925 unsigned long nr_pages, pfn, i;
926 off_t off, end = st->st_size;
927 int fd;
928 ssize_t len;
929 void *ptr;
930 int first = 1;
931
932 fd = checked_open(name, O_RDONLY|O_NOATIME|O_NOFOLLOW);
933
934 for (off = 0; off < end; off += len) {
935 nr_pages = (end - off + page_size - 1) / page_size;
936 if (nr_pages > PAGEMAP_BATCH)
937 nr_pages = PAGEMAP_BATCH;
938 len = nr_pages * page_size;
939
940 ptr = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, off);
941 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
942 fatal("mmap failed: %s", name);
943
944 /* determine cached pages */
945 if (mincore(ptr, len, vec))
946 fatal("mincore failed: %s", name);
947
948 /* turn off readahead */
949 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_RANDOM))
950 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
951
952 if (sigsetjmp(sigbus_jmp, 1)) {
953 end = off + sigbus_addr ? sigbus_addr - ptr : 0;
954 fprintf(stderr, "got sigbus at offset %lld: %s\n",
955 (long long)end, name);
956 goto got_sigbus;
957 }
958
959 /* populate ptes */
960 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages ; i++) {
961 if (vec[i] & 1)
962 (void)*(volatile int *)(ptr + i * page_size);
963 }
964got_sigbus:
965
966 /* turn off harvesting reference bits */
967 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_SEQUENTIAL))
968 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
969
970 if (pagemap_read(buf, (unsigned long)ptr / page_size,
971 nr_pages) != nr_pages)
972 fatal("cannot read pagemap");
973
974 munmap(ptr, len);
975
976 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
977 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
978 if (!pfn)
979 continue;
980 if (!kpageflags_read(&flags, pfn, 1))
981 continue;
982 if (!kpagecgroup_read(&cgroup, pfn, 1))
983 fatal("kpagecgroup_read failed");
984 if (first && opt_list) {
985 first = 0;
986 flush_page_range();
987 show_file(name, st);
988 }
989 add_page(off / page_size + i, pfn,
990 flags, cgroup, buf[i]);
991 }
992 }
993
994 close(fd);
995}
996
997int walk_tree(const char *name, const struct stat *st, int type, struct FTW *f)
998{
999 (void)f;
1000 switch (type) {
1001 case FTW_F:
1002 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
1003 walk_file(name, st);
1004 break;
1005 case FTW_DNR:
1006 fprintf(stderr, "cannot read dir: %s\n", name);
1007 break;
1008 }
1009 return 0;
1010}
1011
1012static void walk_page_cache(void)
1013{
1014 struct stat st;
1015
1016 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
1017 pagemap_fd = checked_open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
1018 sigaction(SIGBUS, &sigbus_action, NULL);
1019
1020 if (stat(opt_file, &st))
1021 fatal("stat failed: %s\n", opt_file);
1022
1023 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1024 walk_file(opt_file, &st);
1025 } else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1026 /* do not follow symlinks and mountpoints */
1027 if (nftw(opt_file, walk_tree, 64, FTW_MOUNT | FTW_PHYS) < 0)
1028 fatal("nftw failed: %s\n", opt_file);
1029 } else
1030 fatal("unhandled file type: %s\n", opt_file);
1031
1032 close(kpageflags_fd);
1033 close(pagemap_fd);
1034 signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
1035}
1036
1037static void parse_file(const char *name)
1038{
1039 opt_file = name;
1040}
1041
1042static void parse_cgroup(const char *path)
1043{
1044 if (path[0] == '@') {
1045 opt_cgroup = parse_number(path + 1);
1046 return;
1047 }
1048
1049 struct stat st;
1050
1051 if (stat(path, &st))
1052 fatal("stat failed: %s: %m\n", path);
1053
1054 if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1055 fatal("cgroup supposed to be a directory: %s\n", path);
1056
1057 opt_cgroup = st.st_ino;
1058}
1059
1060static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
1061{
1062 unsigned long offset;
1063 unsigned long size;
1064 char *p;
1065
1066 p = strchr(optarg, ',');
1067 if (!p)
1068 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
1069
1070 if (p == optarg) {
1071 offset = 0;
1072 size = parse_number(p + 1);
1073 } else if (p) {
1074 offset = parse_number(optarg);
1075 if (p[1] == '\0')
1076 size = ULONG_MAX;
1077 else {
1078 size = parse_number(p + 1);
1079 if (*p == ',') {
1080 if (size < offset)
1081 fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
1082 offset, size);
1083 size -= offset;
1084 }
1085 }
1086 } else {
1087 offset = parse_number(optarg);
1088 size = 1;
1089 }
1090
1091 add_addr_range(offset, size);
1092}
1093
1094static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
1095{
1096 if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
1097 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
1098
1099 opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
1100 opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
1101 nr_bit_filters++;
1102}
1103
1104static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
1105{
1106 size_t i;
1107
1108 if (!*str || !len)
1109 return 0;
1110
1111 if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
1112 return BITS_COMPOUND;
1113
1114 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
1115 if (!page_flag_names[i])
1116 continue;
1117 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
1118 return 1ULL << i;
1119 }
1120
1121 return parse_number(str);
1122}
1123
1124static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
1125{
1126 const char *p = str;
1127 uint64_t flags = 0;
1128
1129 while (1) {
1130 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
1131 if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
1132 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
1133 if (*p != ',')
1134 break;
1135 str = p + 1;
1136 }
1137 p++;
1138 }
1139
1140 return flags;
1141}
1142
1143static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
1144{
1145 uint64_t mask;
1146 uint64_t bits;
1147 const char *p;
1148
1149 p = strchr(optarg, '=');
1150 if (p == optarg) {
1151 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1152 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1153 } else if (p) {
1154 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1155 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1156 } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
1157 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
1158 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1159 } else {
1160 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1161 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1162 }
1163
1164 add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
1165}
1166
1167static void describe_flags(const char *optarg)
1168{
1169 uint64_t flags = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1170
1171 printf("0x%016llx\t%s\t%s\n",
1172 (unsigned long long)flags,
1173 page_flag_name(flags),
1174 page_flag_longname(flags));
1175}
1176
1177static const struct option opts[] = {
1178 { "raw" , 0, NULL, 'r' },
1179 { "pid" , 1, NULL, 'p' },
1180 { "file" , 1, NULL, 'f' },
1181 { "addr" , 1, NULL, 'a' },
1182 { "bits" , 1, NULL, 'b' },
1183 { "cgroup" , 1, NULL, 'c' },
1184 { "describe" , 1, NULL, 'd' },
1185 { "list" , 0, NULL, 'l' },
1186 { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
1187 { "list-cgroup", 0, NULL, 'C' },
1188 { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
1189 { "hwpoison" , 0, NULL, 'X' },
1190 { "unpoison" , 0, NULL, 'x' },
1191 { "help" , 0, NULL, 'h' },
1192 { NULL , 0, NULL, 0 }
1193};
1194
1195int main(int argc, char *argv[])
1196{
1197 int c;
1198
1199 page_size = getpagesize();
1200
1201 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
1202 "rp:f:a:b:d:c:ClLNXxh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
1203 switch (c) {
1204 case 'r':
1205 opt_raw = 1;
1206 break;
1207 case 'p':
1208 parse_pid(optarg);
1209 break;
1210 case 'f':
1211 parse_file(optarg);
1212 break;
1213 case 'a':
1214 parse_addr_range(optarg);
1215 break;
1216 case 'b':
1217 parse_bits_mask(optarg);
1218 break;
1219 case 'c':
1220 parse_cgroup(optarg);
1221 break;
1222 case 'C':
1223 opt_list_cgroup = 1;
1224 break;
1225 case 'd':
1226 describe_flags(optarg);
1227 exit(0);
1228 case 'l':
1229 opt_list = 1;
1230 break;
1231 case 'L':
1232 opt_list = 2;
1233 break;
1234 case 'N':
1235 opt_no_summary = 1;
1236 break;
1237 case 'X':
1238 opt_hwpoison = 1;
1239 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1240 break;
1241 case 'x':
1242 opt_unpoison = 1;
1243 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1244 break;
1245 case 'h':
1246 usage();
1247 exit(0);
1248 default:
1249 usage();
1250 exit(1);
1251 }
1252 }
1253
1254 if (opt_cgroup || opt_list_cgroup)
1255 kpagecgroup_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGECGROUP, O_RDONLY);
1256
1257 if (opt_list && opt_pid)
1258 printf("voffset\t");
1259 if (opt_list && opt_file)
1260 printf("foffset\t");
1261 if (opt_list && opt_list_cgroup)
1262 printf("cgroup\t");
1263 if (opt_list == 1)
1264 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
1265 if (opt_list == 2)
1266 printf("offset\tflags\n");
1267
1268 if (opt_file)
1269 walk_page_cache();
1270 else
1271 walk_addr_ranges();
1272
1273 if (opt_list == 1)
1274 flush_page_range();
1275
1276 if (opt_no_summary)
1277 return 0;
1278
1279 if (opt_list)
1280 printf("\n\n");
1281
1282 show_summary();
1283
1284 return 0;
1285}
1/*
2 * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
3 *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
6 * Software Foundation; version 2.
7 *
8 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
9 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
10 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
11 * more details.
12 *
13 * You should find a copy of v2 of the GNU General Public License somewhere on
14 * your Linux system; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
15 * Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
16 *
17 * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
18 *
19 * Authors: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
20 */
21
22#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
23#define _GNU_SOURCE
24#include <stdio.h>
25#include <stdlib.h>
26#include <unistd.h>
27#include <stdint.h>
28#include <stdarg.h>
29#include <string.h>
30#include <getopt.h>
31#include <limits.h>
32#include <assert.h>
33#include <ftw.h>
34#include <time.h>
35#include <sys/types.h>
36#include <sys/errno.h>
37#include <sys/fcntl.h>
38#include <sys/mount.h>
39#include <sys/statfs.h>
40#include <sys/mman.h>
41#include "../../include/uapi/linux/magic.h"
42#include "../../include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h"
43#include <api/fs/debugfs.h>
44
45#ifndef MAX_PATH
46# define MAX_PATH 256
47#endif
48
49#ifndef STR
50# define _STR(x) #x
51# define STR(x) _STR(x)
52#endif
53
54/*
55 * pagemap kernel ABI bits
56 */
57
58#define PM_ENTRY_BYTES sizeof(uint64_t)
59#define PM_STATUS_BITS 3
60#define PM_STATUS_OFFSET (64 - PM_STATUS_BITS)
61#define PM_STATUS_MASK (((1LL << PM_STATUS_BITS) - 1) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET)
62#define PM_STATUS(nr) (((nr) << PM_STATUS_OFFSET) & PM_STATUS_MASK)
63#define PM_PSHIFT_BITS 6
64#define PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET (PM_STATUS_OFFSET - PM_PSHIFT_BITS)
65#define PM_PSHIFT_MASK (((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_BITS) - 1) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET)
66#define __PM_PSHIFT(x) (((uint64_t) (x) << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) & PM_PSHIFT_MASK)
67#define PM_PFRAME_MASK ((1LL << PM_PSHIFT_OFFSET) - 1)
68#define PM_PFRAME(x) ((x) & PM_PFRAME_MASK)
69
70#define __PM_SOFT_DIRTY (1LL)
71#define PM_PRESENT PM_STATUS(4LL)
72#define PM_SWAP PM_STATUS(2LL)
73#define PM_SOFT_DIRTY __PM_PSHIFT(__PM_SOFT_DIRTY)
74
75
76/*
77 * kernel page flags
78 */
79
80#define KPF_BYTES 8
81#define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS "/proc/kpageflags"
82
83/* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
84#define KPF_RESERVED 32
85#define KPF_MLOCKED 33
86#define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK 34
87#define KPF_PRIVATE 35
88#define KPF_PRIVATE_2 36
89#define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE 37
90#define KPF_ARCH 38
91#define KPF_UNCACHED 39
92#define KPF_SOFTDIRTY 40
93
94/* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
95 * not part of kernel API
96 */
97#define KPF_READAHEAD 48
98#define KPF_SLOB_FREE 49
99#define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN 50
100#define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG 51
101
102#define KPF_ALL_BITS ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
103#define KPF_HACKERS_BITS (0xffffULL << 32)
104#define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS (0xffffULL << 48)
105#define BIT(name) (1ULL << KPF_##name)
106#define BITS_COMPOUND (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
107
108static const char * const page_flag_names[] = {
109 [KPF_LOCKED] = "L:locked",
110 [KPF_ERROR] = "E:error",
111 [KPF_REFERENCED] = "R:referenced",
112 [KPF_UPTODATE] = "U:uptodate",
113 [KPF_DIRTY] = "D:dirty",
114 [KPF_LRU] = "l:lru",
115 [KPF_ACTIVE] = "A:active",
116 [KPF_SLAB] = "S:slab",
117 [KPF_WRITEBACK] = "W:writeback",
118 [KPF_RECLAIM] = "I:reclaim",
119 [KPF_BUDDY] = "B:buddy",
120
121 [KPF_MMAP] = "M:mmap",
122 [KPF_ANON] = "a:anonymous",
123 [KPF_SWAPCACHE] = "s:swapcache",
124 [KPF_SWAPBACKED] = "b:swapbacked",
125 [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD] = "H:compound_head",
126 [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL] = "T:compound_tail",
127 [KPF_HUGE] = "G:huge",
128 [KPF_UNEVICTABLE] = "u:unevictable",
129 [KPF_HWPOISON] = "X:hwpoison",
130 [KPF_NOPAGE] = "n:nopage",
131 [KPF_KSM] = "x:ksm",
132 [KPF_THP] = "t:thp",
133
134 [KPF_RESERVED] = "r:reserved",
135 [KPF_MLOCKED] = "m:mlocked",
136 [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK] = "d:mappedtodisk",
137 [KPF_PRIVATE] = "P:private",
138 [KPF_PRIVATE_2] = "p:private_2",
139 [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE] = "O:owner_private",
140 [KPF_ARCH] = "h:arch",
141 [KPF_UNCACHED] = "c:uncached",
142 [KPF_SOFTDIRTY] = "f:softdirty",
143
144 [KPF_READAHEAD] = "I:readahead",
145 [KPF_SLOB_FREE] = "P:slob_free",
146 [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN] = "A:slub_frozen",
147 [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG] = "E:slub_debug",
148};
149
150
151static const char * const debugfs_known_mountpoints[] = {
152 "/sys/kernel/debug",
153 "/debug",
154 0,
155};
156
157/*
158 * data structures
159 */
160
161static int opt_raw; /* for kernel developers */
162static int opt_list; /* list pages (in ranges) */
163static int opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
164static pid_t opt_pid; /* process to walk */
165const char * opt_file;
166
167#define MAX_ADDR_RANGES 1024
168static int nr_addr_ranges;
169static unsigned long opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
170static unsigned long opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
171
172#define MAX_VMAS 10240
173static int nr_vmas;
174static unsigned long pg_start[MAX_VMAS];
175static unsigned long pg_end[MAX_VMAS];
176
177#define MAX_BIT_FILTERS 64
178static int nr_bit_filters;
179static uint64_t opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
180static uint64_t opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
181
182static int page_size;
183
184static int pagemap_fd;
185static int kpageflags_fd;
186
187static int opt_hwpoison;
188static int opt_unpoison;
189
190static char *hwpoison_debug_fs;
191static int hwpoison_inject_fd;
192static int hwpoison_forget_fd;
193
194#define HASH_SHIFT 13
195#define HASH_SIZE (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
196#define HASH_MASK (HASH_SIZE - 1)
197#define HASH_KEY(flags) (flags & HASH_MASK)
198
199static unsigned long total_pages;
200static unsigned long nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
201static uint64_t page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
202
203
204/*
205 * helper functions
206 */
207
208#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
209
210#define min_t(type, x, y) ({ \
211 type __min1 = (x); \
212 type __min2 = (y); \
213 __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
214
215#define max_t(type, x, y) ({ \
216 type __max1 = (x); \
217 type __max2 = (y); \
218 __max1 > __max2 ? __max1 : __max2; })
219
220static unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
221{
222 return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
223}
224
225static void fatal(const char *x, ...)
226{
227 va_list ap;
228
229 va_start(ap, x);
230 vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
231 va_end(ap);
232 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
233}
234
235static int checked_open(const char *pathname, int flags)
236{
237 int fd = open(pathname, flags);
238
239 if (fd < 0) {
240 perror(pathname);
241 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
242 }
243
244 return fd;
245}
246
247/*
248 * pagemap/kpageflags routines
249 */
250
251static unsigned long do_u64_read(int fd, char *name,
252 uint64_t *buf,
253 unsigned long index,
254 unsigned long count)
255{
256 long bytes;
257
258 if (index > ULONG_MAX / 8)
259 fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
260
261 bytes = pread(fd, buf, count * 8, (off_t)index * 8);
262 if (bytes < 0) {
263 perror(name);
264 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
265 }
266 if (bytes % 8)
267 fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", bytes);
268
269 return bytes / 8;
270}
271
272static unsigned long kpageflags_read(uint64_t *buf,
273 unsigned long index,
274 unsigned long pages)
275{
276 return do_u64_read(kpageflags_fd, PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, buf, index, pages);
277}
278
279static unsigned long pagemap_read(uint64_t *buf,
280 unsigned long index,
281 unsigned long pages)
282{
283 return do_u64_read(pagemap_fd, "/proc/pid/pagemap", buf, index, pages);
284}
285
286static unsigned long pagemap_pfn(uint64_t val)
287{
288 unsigned long pfn;
289
290 if (val & PM_PRESENT)
291 pfn = PM_PFRAME(val);
292 else
293 pfn = 0;
294
295 return pfn;
296}
297
298
299/*
300 * page flag names
301 */
302
303static char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
304{
305 static char buf[65];
306 int present;
307 size_t i, j;
308
309 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
310 present = (flags >> i) & 1;
311 if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
312 if (present)
313 fatal("unknown flag bit %d\n", i);
314 continue;
315 }
316 buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
317 }
318
319 return buf;
320}
321
322static char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
323{
324 static char buf[1024];
325 size_t i, n;
326
327 for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
328 if (!page_flag_names[i])
329 continue;
330 if ((flags >> i) & 1)
331 n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
332 page_flag_names[i] + 2);
333 }
334 if (n)
335 n--;
336 buf[n] = '\0';
337
338 return buf;
339}
340
341
342/*
343 * page list and summary
344 */
345
346static void show_page_range(unsigned long voffset, unsigned long offset,
347 unsigned long size, uint64_t flags)
348{
349 static uint64_t flags0;
350 static unsigned long voff;
351 static unsigned long index;
352 static unsigned long count;
353
354 if (flags == flags0 && offset == index + count &&
355 size && voffset == voff + count) {
356 count += size;
357 return;
358 }
359
360 if (count) {
361 if (opt_pid)
362 printf("%lx\t", voff);
363 if (opt_file)
364 printf("%lu\t", voff);
365 printf("%lx\t%lx\t%s\n",
366 index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
367 }
368
369 flags0 = flags;
370 index = offset;
371 voff = voffset;
372 count = size;
373}
374
375static void flush_page_range(void)
376{
377 show_page_range(0, 0, 0, 0);
378}
379
380static void show_page(unsigned long voffset,
381 unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
382{
383 if (opt_pid)
384 printf("%lx\t", voffset);
385 if (opt_file)
386 printf("%lu\t", voffset);
387 printf("%lx\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
388}
389
390static void show_summary(void)
391{
392 size_t i;
393
394 printf(" flags\tpage-count MB"
395 " symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
396
397 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
398 if (nr_pages[i])
399 printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu %s\t%s\n",
400 (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
401 nr_pages[i],
402 pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
403 page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
404 page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
405 }
406
407 printf(" total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
408 total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
409}
410
411
412/*
413 * page flag filters
414 */
415
416static int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
417{
418 int i;
419
420 for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
421 if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
422 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
423 return 0;
424 } else {
425 if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
426 return 0;
427 }
428 }
429
430 return 1;
431}
432
433static uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
434{
435 /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
436 if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
437 if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
438 flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
439 if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
440 flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
441 if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
442 flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
443 }
444
445 /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
446 if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
447 flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
448
449 if (pme & PM_SOFT_DIRTY)
450 flags |= BIT(SOFTDIRTY);
451
452 return flags;
453}
454
455static uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
456{
457 /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
458 flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
459
460 /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
461 if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
462 flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
463
464 return flags;
465}
466
467static uint64_t kpageflags_flags(uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
468{
469 if (opt_raw)
470 flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags, pme);
471 else
472 flags = well_known_flags(flags);
473
474 return flags;
475}
476
477/*
478 * page actions
479 */
480
481static void prepare_hwpoison_fd(void)
482{
483 char buf[MAX_PATH + 1];
484
485 hwpoison_debug_fs = debugfs_mount(NULL);
486 if (!hwpoison_debug_fs) {
487 perror("mount debugfs");
488 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
489 }
490
491 if (opt_hwpoison && !hwpoison_inject_fd) {
492 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/corrupt-pfn",
493 hwpoison_debug_fs);
494 hwpoison_inject_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
495 }
496
497 if (opt_unpoison && !hwpoison_forget_fd) {
498 snprintf(buf, MAX_PATH, "%s/hwpoison/unpoison-pfn",
499 hwpoison_debug_fs);
500 hwpoison_forget_fd = checked_open(buf, O_WRONLY);
501 }
502}
503
504static int hwpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
505{
506 char buf[100];
507 int len;
508
509 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
510 len = write(hwpoison_inject_fd, buf, len);
511 if (len < 0) {
512 perror("hwpoison inject");
513 return len;
514 }
515 return 0;
516}
517
518static int unpoison_page(unsigned long offset)
519{
520 char buf[100];
521 int len;
522
523 len = sprintf(buf, "0x%lx\n", offset);
524 len = write(hwpoison_forget_fd, buf, len);
525 if (len < 0) {
526 perror("hwpoison forget");
527 return len;
528 }
529 return 0;
530}
531
532/*
533 * page frame walker
534 */
535
536static size_t hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
537{
538 size_t k = HASH_KEY(flags);
539 size_t i;
540
541 /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
542 * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
543 */
544 if (flags == 0)
545 return 0;
546
547 /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
548 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
549 if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
550 k = 1;
551 if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
552 page_flags[k] = flags;
553 return k;
554 }
555 if (page_flags[k] == flags)
556 return k;
557 }
558
559 fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
560 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
561}
562
563static void add_page(unsigned long voffset,
564 unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags, uint64_t pme)
565{
566 flags = kpageflags_flags(flags, pme);
567
568 if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
569 return;
570
571 if (opt_hwpoison)
572 hwpoison_page(offset);
573 if (opt_unpoison)
574 unpoison_page(offset);
575
576 if (opt_list == 1)
577 show_page_range(voffset, offset, 1, flags);
578 else if (opt_list == 2)
579 show_page(voffset, offset, flags);
580
581 nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
582 total_pages++;
583}
584
585#define KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH (64 << 10) /* 64k pages */
586static void walk_pfn(unsigned long voffset,
587 unsigned long index,
588 unsigned long count,
589 uint64_t pme)
590{
591 uint64_t buf[KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH];
592 unsigned long batch;
593 unsigned long pages;
594 unsigned long i;
595
596 while (count) {
597 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, KPAGEFLAGS_BATCH);
598 pages = kpageflags_read(buf, index, batch);
599 if (pages == 0)
600 break;
601
602 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++)
603 add_page(voffset + i, index + i, buf[i], pme);
604
605 index += pages;
606 count -= pages;
607 }
608}
609
610#define PAGEMAP_BATCH (64 << 10)
611static void walk_vma(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
612{
613 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
614 unsigned long batch;
615 unsigned long pages;
616 unsigned long pfn;
617 unsigned long i;
618
619 while (count) {
620 batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGEMAP_BATCH);
621 pages = pagemap_read(buf, index, batch);
622 if (pages == 0)
623 break;
624
625 for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
626 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
627 if (pfn)
628 walk_pfn(index + i, pfn, 1, buf[i]);
629 }
630
631 index += pages;
632 count -= pages;
633 }
634}
635
636static void walk_task(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
637{
638 const unsigned long end = index + count;
639 unsigned long start;
640 int i = 0;
641
642 while (index < end) {
643
644 while (pg_end[i] <= index)
645 if (++i >= nr_vmas)
646 return;
647 if (pg_start[i] >= end)
648 return;
649
650 start = max_t(unsigned long, pg_start[i], index);
651 index = min_t(unsigned long, pg_end[i], end);
652
653 assert(start < index);
654 walk_vma(start, index - start);
655 }
656}
657
658static void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
659{
660 if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
661 fatal("too many addr ranges\n");
662
663 opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
664 opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = min_t(unsigned long, size, ULONG_MAX-offset);
665 nr_addr_ranges++;
666}
667
668static void walk_addr_ranges(void)
669{
670 int i;
671
672 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
673
674 if (!nr_addr_ranges)
675 add_addr_range(0, ULONG_MAX);
676
677 for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
678 if (!opt_pid)
679 walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_offset[i], opt_size[i], 0);
680 else
681 walk_task(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
682
683 close(kpageflags_fd);
684}
685
686
687/*
688 * user interface
689 */
690
691static const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
692{
693 if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
694 return "(r)";
695 if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
696 return "(o)";
697 return " ";
698}
699
700static void usage(void)
701{
702 size_t i, j;
703
704 printf(
705"page-types [options]\n"
706" -r|--raw Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
707" -d|--describe flags Describe flags\n"
708" -a|--addr addr-spec Walk a range of pages\n"
709" -b|--bits bits-spec Walk pages with specified bits\n"
710" -p|--pid pid Walk process address space\n"
711" -f|--file filename Walk file address space\n"
712" -l|--list Show page details in ranges\n"
713" -L|--list-each Show page details one by one\n"
714" -N|--no-summary Don't show summary info\n"
715" -X|--hwpoison hwpoison pages\n"
716" -x|--unpoison unpoison pages\n"
717" -h|--help Show this usage message\n"
718"flags:\n"
719" 0x10 bitfield format, e.g.\n"
720" anon bit-name, e.g.\n"
721" 0x10,anon comma-separated list, e.g.\n"
722"addr-spec:\n"
723" N one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
724" N+M pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
725" N,M pages range from N to M-1\n"
726" N, pages range from N to end\n"
727" ,M pages range from 0 to M-1\n"
728"bits-spec:\n"
729" bit1,bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
730" bit1,bit2=bit1 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
731" bit1,~bit2 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
732" =bit1,bit2 flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
733"bit-names:\n"
734 );
735
736 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
737 if (!page_flag_names[i])
738 continue;
739 printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
740 page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
741 if (++j > 3) {
742 j = 0;
743 putchar('\n');
744 }
745 }
746 printf("\n "
747 "(r) raw mode bits (o) overloaded bits\n");
748}
749
750static unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
751{
752 unsigned long long n;
753
754 n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
755
756 if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
757 fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
758
759 return n;
760}
761
762static void parse_pid(const char *str)
763{
764 FILE *file;
765 char buf[5000];
766
767 opt_pid = parse_number(str);
768
769 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/pagemap", opt_pid);
770 pagemap_fd = checked_open(buf, O_RDONLY);
771
772 sprintf(buf, "/proc/%d/maps", opt_pid);
773 file = fopen(buf, "r");
774 if (!file) {
775 perror(buf);
776 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
777 }
778
779 while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file) != NULL) {
780 unsigned long vm_start;
781 unsigned long vm_end;
782 unsigned long long pgoff;
783 int major, minor;
784 char r, w, x, s;
785 unsigned long ino;
786 int n;
787
788 n = sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %c%c%c%c %llx %x:%x %lu",
789 &vm_start,
790 &vm_end,
791 &r, &w, &x, &s,
792 &pgoff,
793 &major, &minor,
794 &ino);
795 if (n < 10) {
796 fprintf(stderr, "unexpected line: %s\n", buf);
797 continue;
798 }
799 pg_start[nr_vmas] = vm_start / page_size;
800 pg_end[nr_vmas] = vm_end / page_size;
801 if (++nr_vmas >= MAX_VMAS) {
802 fprintf(stderr, "too many VMAs\n");
803 break;
804 }
805 }
806 fclose(file);
807}
808
809static void show_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
810{
811 unsigned long long size = st->st_size;
812 char atime[64], mtime[64];
813 long now = time(NULL);
814
815 printf("%s\tInode: %u\tSize: %llu (%llu pages)\n",
816 name, (unsigned)st->st_ino,
817 size, (size + page_size - 1) / page_size);
818
819 strftime(atime, sizeof(atime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_atime));
820 strftime(mtime, sizeof(mtime), "%c", localtime(&st->st_mtime));
821
822 printf("Modify: %s (%ld seconds ago)\nAccess: %s (%ld seconds ago)\n",
823 mtime, now - st->st_mtime,
824 atime, now - st->st_atime);
825}
826
827static void walk_file(const char *name, const struct stat *st)
828{
829 uint8_t vec[PAGEMAP_BATCH];
830 uint64_t buf[PAGEMAP_BATCH], flags;
831 unsigned long nr_pages, pfn, i;
832 int fd;
833 off_t off;
834 ssize_t len;
835 void *ptr;
836 int first = 1;
837
838 fd = checked_open(name, O_RDONLY|O_NOATIME|O_NOFOLLOW);
839
840 for (off = 0; off < st->st_size; off += len) {
841 nr_pages = (st->st_size - off + page_size - 1) / page_size;
842 if (nr_pages > PAGEMAP_BATCH)
843 nr_pages = PAGEMAP_BATCH;
844 len = nr_pages * page_size;
845
846 ptr = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, off);
847 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
848 fatal("mmap failed: %s", name);
849
850 /* determine cached pages */
851 if (mincore(ptr, len, vec))
852 fatal("mincore failed: %s", name);
853
854 /* turn off readahead */
855 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_RANDOM))
856 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
857
858 /* populate ptes */
859 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages ; i++) {
860 if (vec[i] & 1)
861 (void)*(volatile int *)(ptr + i * page_size);
862 }
863
864 /* turn off harvesting reference bits */
865 if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_SEQUENTIAL))
866 fatal("madvice failed: %s", name);
867
868 if (pagemap_read(buf, (unsigned long)ptr / page_size,
869 nr_pages) != nr_pages)
870 fatal("cannot read pagemap");
871
872 munmap(ptr, len);
873
874 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
875 pfn = pagemap_pfn(buf[i]);
876 if (!pfn)
877 continue;
878 if (!kpageflags_read(&flags, pfn, 1))
879 continue;
880 if (first && opt_list) {
881 first = 0;
882 flush_page_range();
883 show_file(name, st);
884 }
885 add_page(off / page_size + i, pfn, flags, buf[i]);
886 }
887 }
888
889 close(fd);
890}
891
892int walk_tree(const char *name, const struct stat *st, int type, struct FTW *f)
893{
894 (void)f;
895 switch (type) {
896 case FTW_F:
897 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
898 walk_file(name, st);
899 break;
900 case FTW_DNR:
901 fprintf(stderr, "cannot read dir: %s\n", name);
902 break;
903 }
904 return 0;
905}
906
907static void walk_page_cache(void)
908{
909 struct stat st;
910
911 kpageflags_fd = checked_open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
912 pagemap_fd = checked_open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
913
914 if (stat(opt_file, &st))
915 fatal("stat failed: %s\n", opt_file);
916
917 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
918 walk_file(opt_file, &st);
919 } else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
920 /* do not follow symlinks and mountpoints */
921 if (nftw(opt_file, walk_tree, 64, FTW_MOUNT | FTW_PHYS) < 0)
922 fatal("nftw failed: %s\n", opt_file);
923 } else
924 fatal("unhandled file type: %s\n", opt_file);
925
926 close(kpageflags_fd);
927 close(pagemap_fd);
928}
929
930static void parse_file(const char *name)
931{
932 opt_file = name;
933}
934
935static void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
936{
937 unsigned long offset;
938 unsigned long size;
939 char *p;
940
941 p = strchr(optarg, ',');
942 if (!p)
943 p = strchr(optarg, '+');
944
945 if (p == optarg) {
946 offset = 0;
947 size = parse_number(p + 1);
948 } else if (p) {
949 offset = parse_number(optarg);
950 if (p[1] == '\0')
951 size = ULONG_MAX;
952 else {
953 size = parse_number(p + 1);
954 if (*p == ',') {
955 if (size < offset)
956 fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
957 offset, size);
958 size -= offset;
959 }
960 }
961 } else {
962 offset = parse_number(optarg);
963 size = 1;
964 }
965
966 add_addr_range(offset, size);
967}
968
969static void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
970{
971 if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
972 fatal("too much bit filters\n");
973
974 opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
975 opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
976 nr_bit_filters++;
977}
978
979static uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
980{
981 size_t i;
982
983 if (!*str || !len)
984 return 0;
985
986 if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
987 return BITS_COMPOUND;
988
989 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
990 if (!page_flag_names[i])
991 continue;
992 if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
993 return 1ULL << i;
994 }
995
996 return parse_number(str);
997}
998
999static uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
1000{
1001 const char *p = str;
1002 uint64_t flags = 0;
1003
1004 while (1) {
1005 if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
1006 if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
1007 flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
1008 if (*p != ',')
1009 break;
1010 str = p + 1;
1011 }
1012 p++;
1013 }
1014
1015 return flags;
1016}
1017
1018static void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
1019{
1020 uint64_t mask;
1021 uint64_t bits;
1022 const char *p;
1023
1024 p = strchr(optarg, '=');
1025 if (p == optarg) {
1026 mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1027 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1028 } else if (p) {
1029 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1030 bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
1031 } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
1032 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
1033 bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1034 } else {
1035 mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1036 bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
1037 }
1038
1039 add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
1040}
1041
1042static void describe_flags(const char *optarg)
1043{
1044 uint64_t flags = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
1045
1046 printf("0x%016llx\t%s\t%s\n",
1047 (unsigned long long)flags,
1048 page_flag_name(flags),
1049 page_flag_longname(flags));
1050}
1051
1052static const struct option opts[] = {
1053 { "raw" , 0, NULL, 'r' },
1054 { "pid" , 1, NULL, 'p' },
1055 { "file" , 1, NULL, 'f' },
1056 { "addr" , 1, NULL, 'a' },
1057 { "bits" , 1, NULL, 'b' },
1058 { "describe" , 1, NULL, 'd' },
1059 { "list" , 0, NULL, 'l' },
1060 { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
1061 { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
1062 { "hwpoison" , 0, NULL, 'X' },
1063 { "unpoison" , 0, NULL, 'x' },
1064 { "help" , 0, NULL, 'h' },
1065 { NULL , 0, NULL, 0 }
1066};
1067
1068int main(int argc, char *argv[])
1069{
1070 int c;
1071
1072 page_size = getpagesize();
1073
1074 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
1075 "rp:f:a:b:d:lLNXxh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
1076 switch (c) {
1077 case 'r':
1078 opt_raw = 1;
1079 break;
1080 case 'p':
1081 parse_pid(optarg);
1082 break;
1083 case 'f':
1084 parse_file(optarg);
1085 break;
1086 case 'a':
1087 parse_addr_range(optarg);
1088 break;
1089 case 'b':
1090 parse_bits_mask(optarg);
1091 break;
1092 case 'd':
1093 describe_flags(optarg);
1094 exit(0);
1095 case 'l':
1096 opt_list = 1;
1097 break;
1098 case 'L':
1099 opt_list = 2;
1100 break;
1101 case 'N':
1102 opt_no_summary = 1;
1103 break;
1104 case 'X':
1105 opt_hwpoison = 1;
1106 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1107 break;
1108 case 'x':
1109 opt_unpoison = 1;
1110 prepare_hwpoison_fd();
1111 break;
1112 case 'h':
1113 usage();
1114 exit(0);
1115 default:
1116 usage();
1117 exit(1);
1118 }
1119 }
1120
1121 if (opt_list && opt_pid)
1122 printf("voffset\t");
1123 if (opt_list && opt_file)
1124 printf("foffset\t");
1125 if (opt_list == 1)
1126 printf("offset\tlen\tflags\n");
1127 if (opt_list == 2)
1128 printf("offset\tflags\n");
1129
1130 if (opt_file)
1131 walk_page_cache();
1132 else
1133 walk_addr_ranges();
1134
1135 if (opt_list == 1)
1136 flush_page_range();
1137
1138 if (opt_no_summary)
1139 return 0;
1140
1141 if (opt_list)
1142 printf("\n\n");
1143
1144 show_summary();
1145
1146 return 0;
1147}