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  1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
  2/*
  3 * This file contains common KASAN error reporting code.
  4 *
  5 * Copyright (c) 2014 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
  6 * Author: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
  7 *
  8 * Some code borrowed from https://github.com/xairy/kasan-prototype by
  9 *        Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
 10 */
 11
 12#include <kunit/test.h>
 13#include <linux/bitops.h>
 14#include <linux/ftrace.h>
 15#include <linux/init.h>
 16#include <linux/kernel.h>
 17#include <linux/lockdep.h>
 18#include <linux/mm.h>
 19#include <linux/printk.h>
 20#include <linux/sched.h>
 21#include <linux/slab.h>
 22#include <linux/stackdepot.h>
 23#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
 24#include <linux/string.h>
 25#include <linux/types.h>
 26#include <linux/kasan.h>
 27#include <linux/module.h>
 28#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
 29#include <linux/uaccess.h>
 30#include <trace/events/error_report.h>
 31
 32#include <asm/sections.h>
 33
 34#include "kasan.h"
 35#include "../slab.h"
 36
 37static unsigned long kasan_flags;
 38
 39#define KASAN_BIT_REPORTED	0
 40#define KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT	1
 41
 42enum kasan_arg_fault {
 43	KASAN_ARG_FAULT_DEFAULT,
 44	KASAN_ARG_FAULT_REPORT,
 45	KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC,
 46};
 47
 48static enum kasan_arg_fault kasan_arg_fault __ro_after_init = KASAN_ARG_FAULT_DEFAULT;
 49
 50/* kasan.fault=report/panic */
 51static int __init early_kasan_fault(char *arg)
 52{
 53	if (!arg)
 54		return -EINVAL;
 55
 56	if (!strcmp(arg, "report"))
 57		kasan_arg_fault = KASAN_ARG_FAULT_REPORT;
 58	else if (!strcmp(arg, "panic"))
 59		kasan_arg_fault = KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC;
 60	else
 61		return -EINVAL;
 62
 63	return 0;
 64}
 65early_param("kasan.fault", early_kasan_fault);
 66
 67static int __init kasan_set_multi_shot(char *str)
 68{
 69	set_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags);
 70	return 1;
 71}
 72__setup("kasan_multi_shot", kasan_set_multi_shot);
 73
 74/*
 75 * Used to suppress reports within kasan_disable/enable_current() critical
 76 * sections, which are used for marking accesses to slab metadata.
 77 */
 78static bool report_suppressed(void)
 79{
 80#if defined(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN_SW_TAGS)
 81	if (current->kasan_depth)
 82		return true;
 83#endif
 84	return false;
 85}
 86
 87/*
 88 * Used to avoid reporting more than one KASAN bug unless kasan_multi_shot
 89 * is enabled. Note that KASAN tests effectively enable kasan_multi_shot
 90 * for their duration.
 91 */
 92static bool report_enabled(void)
 93{
 94	if (test_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags))
 95		return true;
 96	return !test_and_set_bit(KASAN_BIT_REPORTED, &kasan_flags);
 97}
 98
 99#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST) || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_MODULE_TEST)
100
101bool kasan_save_enable_multi_shot(void)
102{
103	return test_and_set_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags);
104}
105EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kasan_save_enable_multi_shot);
106
107void kasan_restore_multi_shot(bool enabled)
108{
109	if (!enabled)
110		clear_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags);
111}
112EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kasan_restore_multi_shot);
113
114#endif
115
116#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST)
117
118/*
119 * Whether the KASAN KUnit test suite is currently being executed.
120 * Updated in kasan_test.c.
121 */
122static bool kasan_kunit_executing;
123
124void kasan_kunit_test_suite_start(void)
125{
126	WRITE_ONCE(kasan_kunit_executing, true);
127}
128EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kasan_kunit_test_suite_start);
129
130void kasan_kunit_test_suite_end(void)
131{
132	WRITE_ONCE(kasan_kunit_executing, false);
133}
134EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kasan_kunit_test_suite_end);
135
136static bool kasan_kunit_test_suite_executing(void)
137{
138	return READ_ONCE(kasan_kunit_executing);
139}
140
141#else /* CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST */
142
143static inline bool kasan_kunit_test_suite_executing(void) { return false; }
144
145#endif /* CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST */
146
147#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KUNIT)
148
149static void fail_non_kasan_kunit_test(void)
150{
151	struct kunit *test;
152
153	if (kasan_kunit_test_suite_executing())
154		return;
155
156	test = current->kunit_test;
157	if (test)
158		kunit_set_failure(test);
159}
160
161#else /* CONFIG_KUNIT */
162
163static inline void fail_non_kasan_kunit_test(void) { }
164
165#endif /* CONFIG_KUNIT */
166
167static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(report_lock);
168
169static void start_report(unsigned long *flags, bool sync)
170{
171	fail_non_kasan_kunit_test();
172	/* Respect the /proc/sys/kernel/traceoff_on_warning interface. */
173	disable_trace_on_warning();
174	/* Do not allow LOCKDEP mangling KASAN reports. */
175	lockdep_off();
176	/* Make sure we don't end up in loop. */
177	kasan_disable_current();
178	spin_lock_irqsave(&report_lock, *flags);
179	pr_err("==================================================================\n");
180}
181
182static void end_report(unsigned long *flags, void *addr)
183{
184	if (addr)
185		trace_error_report_end(ERROR_DETECTOR_KASAN,
186				       (unsigned long)addr);
187	pr_err("==================================================================\n");
188	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&report_lock, *flags);
189	if (!test_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags))
190		check_panic_on_warn("KASAN");
191	if (kasan_arg_fault == KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC)
192		panic("kasan.fault=panic set ...\n");
193	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
194	lockdep_on();
195	kasan_enable_current();
196}
197
198static void print_error_description(struct kasan_report_info *info)
199{
200	pr_err("BUG: KASAN: %s in %pS\n", info->bug_type, (void *)info->ip);
201
202	if (info->type != KASAN_REPORT_ACCESS) {
203		pr_err("Free of addr %px by task %s/%d\n",
204			info->access_addr, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
205		return;
206	}
207
208	if (info->access_size)
209		pr_err("%s of size %zu at addr %px by task %s/%d\n",
210			info->is_write ? "Write" : "Read", info->access_size,
211			info->access_addr, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
212	else
213		pr_err("%s at addr %px by task %s/%d\n",
214			info->is_write ? "Write" : "Read",
215			info->access_addr, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
216}
217
218static void print_track(struct kasan_track *track, const char *prefix)
219{
220	pr_err("%s by task %u:\n", prefix, track->pid);
221	if (track->stack)
222		stack_depot_print(track->stack);
223	else
224		pr_err("(stack is not available)\n");
225}
226
227static inline struct page *addr_to_page(const void *addr)
228{
229	if (virt_addr_valid(addr))
230		return virt_to_head_page(addr);
231	return NULL;
232}
233
234static void describe_object_addr(const void *addr, struct kmem_cache *cache,
235				 void *object)
236{
237	unsigned long access_addr = (unsigned long)addr;
238	unsigned long object_addr = (unsigned long)object;
239	const char *rel_type;
240	int rel_bytes;
241
242	pr_err("The buggy address belongs to the object at %px\n"
243	       " which belongs to the cache %s of size %d\n",
244		object, cache->name, cache->object_size);
245
246	if (access_addr < object_addr) {
247		rel_type = "to the left";
248		rel_bytes = object_addr - access_addr;
249	} else if (access_addr >= object_addr + cache->object_size) {
250		rel_type = "to the right";
251		rel_bytes = access_addr - (object_addr + cache->object_size);
252	} else {
253		rel_type = "inside";
254		rel_bytes = access_addr - object_addr;
255	}
256
257	pr_err("The buggy address is located %d bytes %s of\n"
258	       " %d-byte region [%px, %px)\n",
259		rel_bytes, rel_type, cache->object_size, (void *)object_addr,
260		(void *)(object_addr + cache->object_size));
261}
262
263static void describe_object_stacks(struct kasan_report_info *info)
264{
265	if (info->alloc_track.stack) {
266		print_track(&info->alloc_track, "Allocated");
267		pr_err("\n");
268	}
269
270	if (info->free_track.stack) {
271		print_track(&info->free_track, "Freed");
272		pr_err("\n");
273	}
274
275	kasan_print_aux_stacks(info->cache, info->object);
276}
277
278static void describe_object(const void *addr, struct kasan_report_info *info)
279{
280	if (kasan_stack_collection_enabled())
281		describe_object_stacks(info);
282	describe_object_addr(addr, info->cache, info->object);
283}
284
285static inline bool kernel_or_module_addr(const void *addr)
286{
287	if (is_kernel((unsigned long)addr))
288		return true;
289	if (is_module_address((unsigned long)addr))
290		return true;
291	return false;
292}
293
294static inline bool init_task_stack_addr(const void *addr)
295{
296	return addr >= (void *)&init_thread_union.stack &&
297		(addr <= (void *)&init_thread_union.stack +
298			sizeof(init_thread_union.stack));
299}
300
301static void print_address_description(void *addr, u8 tag,
302				      struct kasan_report_info *info)
303{
304	struct page *page = addr_to_page(addr);
305
306	dump_stack_lvl(KERN_ERR);
307	pr_err("\n");
308
309	if (info->cache && info->object) {
310		describe_object(addr, info);
311		pr_err("\n");
312	}
313
314	if (kernel_or_module_addr(addr) && !init_task_stack_addr(addr)) {
315		pr_err("The buggy address belongs to the variable:\n");
316		pr_err(" %pS\n", addr);
317		pr_err("\n");
318	}
319
320	if (object_is_on_stack(addr)) {
321		/*
322		 * Currently, KASAN supports printing frame information only
323		 * for accesses to the task's own stack.
324		 */
325		kasan_print_address_stack_frame(addr);
326		pr_err("\n");
327	}
328
329	if (is_vmalloc_addr(addr)) {
330		struct vm_struct *va = find_vm_area(addr);
331
332		if (va) {
333			pr_err("The buggy address belongs to the virtual mapping at\n"
334			       " [%px, %px) created by:\n"
335			       " %pS\n",
336			       va->addr, va->addr + va->size, va->caller);
337			pr_err("\n");
338
339			page = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
340		}
341	}
342
343	if (page) {
344		pr_err("The buggy address belongs to the physical page:\n");
345		dump_page(page, "kasan: bad access detected");
346		pr_err("\n");
347	}
348}
349
350static bool meta_row_is_guilty(const void *row, const void *addr)
351{
352	return (row <= addr) && (addr < row + META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW);
353}
354
355static int meta_pointer_offset(const void *row, const void *addr)
356{
357	/*
358	 * Memory state around the buggy address:
359	 *  ff00ff00ff00ff00: 00 00 00 05 fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe
360	 *  ...
361	 *
362	 * The length of ">ff00ff00ff00ff00: " is
363	 *    3 + (BITS_PER_LONG / 8) * 2 chars.
364	 * The length of each granule metadata is 2 bytes
365	 *    plus 1 byte for space.
366	 */
367	return 3 + (BITS_PER_LONG / 8) * 2 +
368		(addr - row) / KASAN_GRANULE_SIZE * 3 + 1;
369}
370
371static void print_memory_metadata(const void *addr)
372{
373	int i;
374	void *row;
375
376	row = (void *)round_down((unsigned long)addr, META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW)
377			- META_ROWS_AROUND_ADDR * META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW;
378
379	pr_err("Memory state around the buggy address:\n");
380
381	for (i = -META_ROWS_AROUND_ADDR; i <= META_ROWS_AROUND_ADDR; i++) {
382		char buffer[4 + (BITS_PER_LONG / 8) * 2];
383		char metadata[META_BYTES_PER_ROW];
384
385		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
386				(i == 0) ? ">%px: " : " %px: ", row);
387
388		/*
389		 * We should not pass a shadow pointer to generic
390		 * function, because generic functions may try to
391		 * access kasan mapping for the passed address.
392		 */
393		kasan_metadata_fetch_row(&metadata[0], row);
394
395		print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, buffer,
396			DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, META_BYTES_PER_ROW, 1,
397			metadata, META_BYTES_PER_ROW, 0);
398
399		if (meta_row_is_guilty(row, addr))
400			pr_err("%*c\n", meta_pointer_offset(row, addr), '^');
401
402		row += META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW;
403	}
404}
405
406static void print_report(struct kasan_report_info *info)
407{
408	void *addr = kasan_reset_tag(info->access_addr);
409	u8 tag = get_tag(info->access_addr);
410
411	print_error_description(info);
412	if (addr_has_metadata(addr))
413		kasan_print_tags(tag, info->first_bad_addr);
414	pr_err("\n");
415
416	if (addr_has_metadata(addr)) {
417		print_address_description(addr, tag, info);
418		print_memory_metadata(info->first_bad_addr);
419	} else {
420		dump_stack_lvl(KERN_ERR);
421	}
422}
423
424static void complete_report_info(struct kasan_report_info *info)
425{
426	void *addr = kasan_reset_tag(info->access_addr);
427	struct slab *slab;
428
429	if (info->type == KASAN_REPORT_ACCESS)
430		info->first_bad_addr = kasan_find_first_bad_addr(
431					info->access_addr, info->access_size);
432	else
433		info->first_bad_addr = addr;
434
435	slab = kasan_addr_to_slab(addr);
436	if (slab) {
437		info->cache = slab->slab_cache;
438		info->object = nearest_obj(info->cache, slab, addr);
439	} else
440		info->cache = info->object = NULL;
441
442	switch (info->type) {
443	case KASAN_REPORT_INVALID_FREE:
444		info->bug_type = "invalid-free";
445		break;
446	case KASAN_REPORT_DOUBLE_FREE:
447		info->bug_type = "double-free";
448		break;
449	default:
450		/* bug_type filled in by kasan_complete_mode_report_info. */
451		break;
452	}
453
454	/* Fill in mode-specific report info fields. */
455	kasan_complete_mode_report_info(info);
456}
457
458void kasan_report_invalid_free(void *ptr, unsigned long ip, enum kasan_report_type type)
459{
460	unsigned long flags;
461	struct kasan_report_info info;
462
463	/*
464	 * Do not check report_suppressed(), as an invalid-free cannot be
465	 * caused by accessing slab metadata and thus should not be
466	 * suppressed by kasan_disable/enable_current() critical sections.
467	 */
468	if (unlikely(!report_enabled()))
469		return;
470
471	start_report(&flags, true);
472
473	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
474	info.type = type;
475	info.access_addr = ptr;
476	info.access_size = 0;
477	info.is_write = false;
478	info.ip = ip;
479
480	complete_report_info(&info);
481
482	print_report(&info);
483
484	end_report(&flags, ptr);
485}
486
487/*
488 * kasan_report() is the only reporting function that uses
489 * user_access_save/restore(): kasan_report_invalid_free() cannot be called
490 * from a UACCESS region, and kasan_report_async() is not used on x86.
491 */
492bool kasan_report(unsigned long addr, size_t size, bool is_write,
493			unsigned long ip)
494{
495	bool ret = true;
496	void *ptr = (void *)addr;
497	unsigned long ua_flags = user_access_save();
498	unsigned long irq_flags;
499	struct kasan_report_info info;
500
501	if (unlikely(report_suppressed()) || unlikely(!report_enabled())) {
502		ret = false;
503		goto out;
504	}
505
506	start_report(&irq_flags, true);
507
508	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
509	info.type = KASAN_REPORT_ACCESS;
510	info.access_addr = ptr;
511	info.access_size = size;
512	info.is_write = is_write;
513	info.ip = ip;
514
515	complete_report_info(&info);
516
517	print_report(&info);
518
519	end_report(&irq_flags, ptr);
520
521out:
522	user_access_restore(ua_flags);
523
524	return ret;
525}
526
527#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS
528void kasan_report_async(void)
529{
530	unsigned long flags;
531
532	/*
533	 * Do not check report_suppressed(), as kasan_disable/enable_current()
534	 * critical sections do not affect Hardware Tag-Based KASAN.
535	 */
536	if (unlikely(!report_enabled()))
537		return;
538
539	start_report(&flags, false);
540	pr_err("BUG: KASAN: invalid-access\n");
541	pr_err("Asynchronous fault: no details available\n");
542	pr_err("\n");
543	dump_stack_lvl(KERN_ERR);
544	end_report(&flags, NULL);
545}
546#endif /* CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS */
547
548#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE
549/*
550 * With CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE, accesses to bogus pointers (outside the high
551 * canonical half of the address space) cause out-of-bounds shadow memory reads
552 * before the actual access. For addresses in the low canonical half of the
553 * address space, as well as most non-canonical addresses, that out-of-bounds
554 * shadow memory access lands in the non-canonical part of the address space.
555 * Help the user figure out what the original bogus pointer was.
556 */
557void kasan_non_canonical_hook(unsigned long addr)
558{
559	unsigned long orig_addr;
560	const char *bug_type;
561
562	if (addr < KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET)
563		return;
564
565	orig_addr = (addr - KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET) << KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT;
566	/*
567	 * For faults near the shadow address for NULL, we can be fairly certain
568	 * that this is a KASAN shadow memory access.
569	 * For faults that correspond to shadow for low canonical addresses, we
570	 * can still be pretty sure - that shadow region is a fairly narrow
571	 * chunk of the non-canonical address space.
572	 * But faults that look like shadow for non-canonical addresses are a
573	 * really large chunk of the address space. In that case, we still
574	 * print the decoded address, but make it clear that this is not
575	 * necessarily what's actually going on.
576	 */
577	if (orig_addr < PAGE_SIZE)
578		bug_type = "null-ptr-deref";
579	else if (orig_addr < TASK_SIZE)
580		bug_type = "probably user-memory-access";
581	else
582		bug_type = "maybe wild-memory-access";
583	pr_alert("KASAN: %s in range [0x%016lx-0x%016lx]\n", bug_type,
584		 orig_addr, orig_addr + KASAN_GRANULE_SIZE - 1);
585}
586#endif