Loading...
1#define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s: " fmt "\n", __func__
2
3#include <linux/kernel.h>
4#include <linux/percpu-refcount.h>
5
6/*
7 * Initially, a percpu refcount is just a set of percpu counters. Initially, we
8 * don't try to detect the ref hitting 0 - which means that get/put can just
9 * increment or decrement the local counter. Note that the counter on a
10 * particular cpu can (and will) wrap - this is fine, when we go to shutdown the
11 * percpu counters will all sum to the correct value
12 *
13 * (More precisely: because moduler arithmatic is commutative the sum of all the
14 * pcpu_count vars will be equal to what it would have been if all the gets and
15 * puts were done to a single integer, even if some of the percpu integers
16 * overflow or underflow).
17 *
18 * The real trick to implementing percpu refcounts is shutdown. We can't detect
19 * the ref hitting 0 on every put - this would require global synchronization
20 * and defeat the whole purpose of using percpu refs.
21 *
22 * What we do is require the user to keep track of the initial refcount; we know
23 * the ref can't hit 0 before the user drops the initial ref, so as long as we
24 * convert to non percpu mode before the initial ref is dropped everything
25 * works.
26 *
27 * Converting to non percpu mode is done with some RCUish stuff in
28 * percpu_ref_kill. Additionally, we need a bias value so that the atomic_t
29 * can't hit 0 before we've added up all the percpu refs.
30 */
31
32#define PCPU_COUNT_BIAS (1U << 31)
33
34/**
35 * percpu_ref_init - initialize a percpu refcount
36 * @ref: percpu_ref to initialize
37 * @release: function which will be called when refcount hits 0
38 *
39 * Initializes the refcount in single atomic counter mode with a refcount of 1;
40 * analagous to atomic_set(ref, 1).
41 *
42 * Note that @release must not sleep - it may potentially be called from RCU
43 * callback context by percpu_ref_kill().
44 */
45int percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref, percpu_ref_func_t *release)
46{
47 atomic_set(&ref->count, 1 + PCPU_COUNT_BIAS);
48
49 ref->pcpu_count = alloc_percpu(unsigned);
50 if (!ref->pcpu_count)
51 return -ENOMEM;
52
53 ref->release = release;
54 return 0;
55}
56EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_init);
57
58/**
59 * percpu_ref_cancel_init - cancel percpu_ref_init()
60 * @ref: percpu_ref to cancel init for
61 *
62 * Once a percpu_ref is initialized, its destruction is initiated by
63 * percpu_ref_kill() and completes asynchronously, which can be painful to
64 * do when destroying a half-constructed object in init failure path.
65 *
66 * This function destroys @ref without invoking @ref->release and the
67 * memory area containing it can be freed immediately on return. To
68 * prevent accidental misuse, it's required that @ref has finished
69 * percpu_ref_init(), whether successful or not, but never used.
70 *
71 * The weird name and usage restriction are to prevent people from using
72 * this function by mistake for normal shutdown instead of
73 * percpu_ref_kill().
74 */
75void percpu_ref_cancel_init(struct percpu_ref *ref)
76{
77 unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count = ref->pcpu_count;
78 int cpu;
79
80 WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&ref->count) != 1 + PCPU_COUNT_BIAS);
81
82 if (pcpu_count) {
83 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
84 WARN_ON_ONCE(*per_cpu_ptr(pcpu_count, cpu));
85 free_percpu(ref->pcpu_count);
86 }
87}
88EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_cancel_init);
89
90static void percpu_ref_kill_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
91{
92 struct percpu_ref *ref = container_of(rcu, struct percpu_ref, rcu);
93 unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count = ref->pcpu_count;
94 unsigned count = 0;
95 int cpu;
96
97 /* Mask out PCPU_REF_DEAD */
98 pcpu_count = (unsigned __percpu *)
99 (((unsigned long) pcpu_count) & ~PCPU_STATUS_MASK);
100
101 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
102 count += *per_cpu_ptr(pcpu_count, cpu);
103
104 free_percpu(pcpu_count);
105
106 pr_debug("global %i pcpu %i", atomic_read(&ref->count), (int) count);
107
108 /*
109 * It's crucial that we sum the percpu counters _before_ adding the sum
110 * to &ref->count; since gets could be happening on one cpu while puts
111 * happen on another, adding a single cpu's count could cause
112 * @ref->count to hit 0 before we've got a consistent value - but the
113 * sum of all the counts will be consistent and correct.
114 *
115 * Subtracting the bias value then has to happen _after_ adding count to
116 * &ref->count; we need the bias value to prevent &ref->count from
117 * reaching 0 before we add the percpu counts. But doing it at the same
118 * time is equivalent and saves us atomic operations:
119 */
120
121 atomic_add((int) count - PCPU_COUNT_BIAS, &ref->count);
122
123 WARN_ONCE(atomic_read(&ref->count) <= 0, "percpu ref <= 0 (%i)",
124 atomic_read(&ref->count));
125
126 /* @ref is viewed as dead on all CPUs, send out kill confirmation */
127 if (ref->confirm_kill)
128 ref->confirm_kill(ref);
129
130 /*
131 * Now we're in single atomic_t mode with a consistent refcount, so it's
132 * safe to drop our initial ref:
133 */
134 percpu_ref_put(ref);
135}
136
137/**
138 * percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm - drop the initial ref and schedule confirmation
139 * @ref: percpu_ref to kill
140 * @confirm_kill: optional confirmation callback
141 *
142 * Equivalent to percpu_ref_kill() but also schedules kill confirmation if
143 * @confirm_kill is not NULL. @confirm_kill, which may not block, will be
144 * called after @ref is seen as dead from all CPUs - all further
145 * invocations of percpu_ref_tryget() will fail. See percpu_ref_tryget()
146 * for more details.
147 *
148 * Due to the way percpu_ref is implemented, @confirm_kill will be called
149 * after at least one full RCU grace period has passed but this is an
150 * implementation detail and callers must not depend on it.
151 */
152void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
153 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill)
154{
155 WARN_ONCE(REF_STATUS(ref->pcpu_count) == PCPU_REF_DEAD,
156 "percpu_ref_kill() called more than once!\n");
157
158 ref->pcpu_count = (unsigned __percpu *)
159 (((unsigned long) ref->pcpu_count)|PCPU_REF_DEAD);
160 ref->confirm_kill = confirm_kill;
161
162 call_rcu_sched(&ref->rcu, percpu_ref_kill_rcu);
163}
164EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm);
1#define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s: " fmt "\n", __func__
2
3#include <linux/kernel.h>
4#include <linux/sched.h>
5#include <linux/wait.h>
6#include <linux/percpu-refcount.h>
7
8/*
9 * Initially, a percpu refcount is just a set of percpu counters. Initially, we
10 * don't try to detect the ref hitting 0 - which means that get/put can just
11 * increment or decrement the local counter. Note that the counter on a
12 * particular cpu can (and will) wrap - this is fine, when we go to shutdown the
13 * percpu counters will all sum to the correct value
14 *
15 * (More precisely: because modular arithmetic is commutative the sum of all the
16 * percpu_count vars will be equal to what it would have been if all the gets
17 * and puts were done to a single integer, even if some of the percpu integers
18 * overflow or underflow).
19 *
20 * The real trick to implementing percpu refcounts is shutdown. We can't detect
21 * the ref hitting 0 on every put - this would require global synchronization
22 * and defeat the whole purpose of using percpu refs.
23 *
24 * What we do is require the user to keep track of the initial refcount; we know
25 * the ref can't hit 0 before the user drops the initial ref, so as long as we
26 * convert to non percpu mode before the initial ref is dropped everything
27 * works.
28 *
29 * Converting to non percpu mode is done with some RCUish stuff in
30 * percpu_ref_kill. Additionally, we need a bias value so that the
31 * atomic_long_t can't hit 0 before we've added up all the percpu refs.
32 */
33
34#define PERCPU_COUNT_BIAS (1LU << (BITS_PER_LONG - 1))
35
36static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(percpu_ref_switch_lock);
37static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(percpu_ref_switch_waitq);
38
39static unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count_ptr(struct percpu_ref *ref)
40{
41 return (unsigned long __percpu *)
42 (ref->percpu_count_ptr & ~__PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD);
43}
44
45/**
46 * percpu_ref_init - initialize a percpu refcount
47 * @ref: percpu_ref to initialize
48 * @release: function which will be called when refcount hits 0
49 * @flags: PERCPU_REF_INIT_* flags
50 * @gfp: allocation mask to use
51 *
52 * Initializes @ref. If @flags is zero, @ref starts in percpu mode with a
53 * refcount of 1; analagous to atomic_long_set(ref, 1). See the
54 * definitions of PERCPU_REF_INIT_* flags for flag behaviors.
55 *
56 * Note that @release must not sleep - it may potentially be called from RCU
57 * callback context by percpu_ref_kill().
58 */
59int percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref, percpu_ref_func_t *release,
60 unsigned int flags, gfp_t gfp)
61{
62 size_t align = max_t(size_t, 1 << __PERCPU_REF_FLAG_BITS,
63 __alignof__(unsigned long));
64 unsigned long start_count = 0;
65
66 ref->percpu_count_ptr = (unsigned long)
67 __alloc_percpu_gfp(sizeof(unsigned long), align, gfp);
68 if (!ref->percpu_count_ptr)
69 return -ENOMEM;
70
71 ref->force_atomic = flags & PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC;
72
73 if (flags & (PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC | PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD))
74 ref->percpu_count_ptr |= __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC;
75 else
76 start_count += PERCPU_COUNT_BIAS;
77
78 if (flags & PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD)
79 ref->percpu_count_ptr |= __PERCPU_REF_DEAD;
80 else
81 start_count++;
82
83 atomic_long_set(&ref->count, start_count);
84
85 ref->release = release;
86 ref->confirm_switch = NULL;
87 return 0;
88}
89EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_init);
90
91/**
92 * percpu_ref_exit - undo percpu_ref_init()
93 * @ref: percpu_ref to exit
94 *
95 * This function exits @ref. The caller is responsible for ensuring that
96 * @ref is no longer in active use. The usual places to invoke this
97 * function from are the @ref->release() callback or in init failure path
98 * where percpu_ref_init() succeeded but other parts of the initialization
99 * of the embedding object failed.
100 */
101void percpu_ref_exit(struct percpu_ref *ref)
102{
103 unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count = percpu_count_ptr(ref);
104
105 if (percpu_count) {
106 /* non-NULL confirm_switch indicates switching in progress */
107 WARN_ON_ONCE(ref->confirm_switch);
108 free_percpu(percpu_count);
109 ref->percpu_count_ptr = __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD;
110 }
111}
112EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_exit);
113
114static void percpu_ref_call_confirm_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
115{
116 struct percpu_ref *ref = container_of(rcu, struct percpu_ref, rcu);
117
118 ref->confirm_switch(ref);
119 ref->confirm_switch = NULL;
120 wake_up_all(&percpu_ref_switch_waitq);
121
122 /* drop ref from percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic() */
123 percpu_ref_put(ref);
124}
125
126static void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
127{
128 struct percpu_ref *ref = container_of(rcu, struct percpu_ref, rcu);
129 unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count = percpu_count_ptr(ref);
130 unsigned long count = 0;
131 int cpu;
132
133 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
134 count += *per_cpu_ptr(percpu_count, cpu);
135
136 pr_debug("global %ld percpu %ld",
137 atomic_long_read(&ref->count), (long)count);
138
139 /*
140 * It's crucial that we sum the percpu counters _before_ adding the sum
141 * to &ref->count; since gets could be happening on one cpu while puts
142 * happen on another, adding a single cpu's count could cause
143 * @ref->count to hit 0 before we've got a consistent value - but the
144 * sum of all the counts will be consistent and correct.
145 *
146 * Subtracting the bias value then has to happen _after_ adding count to
147 * &ref->count; we need the bias value to prevent &ref->count from
148 * reaching 0 before we add the percpu counts. But doing it at the same
149 * time is equivalent and saves us atomic operations:
150 */
151 atomic_long_add((long)count - PERCPU_COUNT_BIAS, &ref->count);
152
153 WARN_ONCE(atomic_long_read(&ref->count) <= 0,
154 "percpu ref (%pf) <= 0 (%ld) after switching to atomic",
155 ref->release, atomic_long_read(&ref->count));
156
157 /* @ref is viewed as dead on all CPUs, send out switch confirmation */
158 percpu_ref_call_confirm_rcu(rcu);
159}
160
161static void percpu_ref_noop_confirm_switch(struct percpu_ref *ref)
162{
163}
164
165static void __percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(struct percpu_ref *ref,
166 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_switch)
167{
168 if (ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC) {
169 if (confirm_switch)
170 confirm_switch(ref);
171 return;
172 }
173
174 /* switching from percpu to atomic */
175 ref->percpu_count_ptr |= __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC;
176
177 /*
178 * Non-NULL ->confirm_switch is used to indicate that switching is
179 * in progress. Use noop one if unspecified.
180 */
181 ref->confirm_switch = confirm_switch ?: percpu_ref_noop_confirm_switch;
182
183 percpu_ref_get(ref); /* put after confirmation */
184 call_rcu_sched(&ref->rcu, percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_rcu);
185}
186
187static void __percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref)
188{
189 unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count = percpu_count_ptr(ref);
190 int cpu;
191
192 BUG_ON(!percpu_count);
193
194 if (!(ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC))
195 return;
196
197 atomic_long_add(PERCPU_COUNT_BIAS, &ref->count);
198
199 /*
200 * Restore per-cpu operation. smp_store_release() is paired
201 * with READ_ONCE() in __ref_is_percpu() and guarantees that the
202 * zeroing is visible to all percpu accesses which can see the
203 * following __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC clearing.
204 */
205 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
206 *per_cpu_ptr(percpu_count, cpu) = 0;
207
208 smp_store_release(&ref->percpu_count_ptr,
209 ref->percpu_count_ptr & ~__PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC);
210}
211
212static void __percpu_ref_switch_mode(struct percpu_ref *ref,
213 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_switch)
214{
215 lockdep_assert_held(&percpu_ref_switch_lock);
216
217 /*
218 * If the previous ATOMIC switching hasn't finished yet, wait for
219 * its completion. If the caller ensures that ATOMIC switching
220 * isn't in progress, this function can be called from any context.
221 */
222 wait_event_lock_irq(percpu_ref_switch_waitq, !ref->confirm_switch,
223 percpu_ref_switch_lock);
224
225 if (ref->force_atomic || (ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD))
226 __percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(ref, confirm_switch);
227 else
228 __percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(ref);
229}
230
231/**
232 * percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic - switch a percpu_ref to atomic mode
233 * @ref: percpu_ref to switch to atomic mode
234 * @confirm_switch: optional confirmation callback
235 *
236 * There's no reason to use this function for the usual reference counting.
237 * Use percpu_ref_kill[_and_confirm]().
238 *
239 * Schedule switching of @ref to atomic mode. All its percpu counts will
240 * be collected to the main atomic counter. On completion, when all CPUs
241 * are guaraneed to be in atomic mode, @confirm_switch, which may not
242 * block, is invoked. This function may be invoked concurrently with all
243 * the get/put operations and can safely be mixed with kill and reinit
244 * operations. Note that @ref will stay in atomic mode across kill/reinit
245 * cycles until percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu() is called.
246 *
247 * This function may block if @ref is in the process of switching to atomic
248 * mode. If the caller ensures that @ref is not in the process of
249 * switching to atomic mode, this function can be called from any context.
250 */
251void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(struct percpu_ref *ref,
252 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_switch)
253{
254 unsigned long flags;
255
256 spin_lock_irqsave(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
257
258 ref->force_atomic = true;
259 __percpu_ref_switch_mode(ref, confirm_switch);
260
261 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
262}
263EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic);
264
265/**
266 * percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_sync - switch a percpu_ref to atomic mode
267 * @ref: percpu_ref to switch to atomic mode
268 *
269 * Schedule switching the ref to atomic mode, and wait for the
270 * switch to complete. Caller must ensure that no other thread
271 * will switch back to percpu mode.
272 */
273void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_sync(struct percpu_ref *ref)
274{
275 percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(ref, NULL);
276 wait_event(percpu_ref_switch_waitq, !ref->confirm_switch);
277}
278EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_sync);
279
280/**
281 * percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu - switch a percpu_ref to percpu mode
282 * @ref: percpu_ref to switch to percpu mode
283 *
284 * There's no reason to use this function for the usual reference counting.
285 * To re-use an expired ref, use percpu_ref_reinit().
286 *
287 * Switch @ref to percpu mode. This function may be invoked concurrently
288 * with all the get/put operations and can safely be mixed with kill and
289 * reinit operations. This function reverses the sticky atomic state set
290 * by PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC or percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(). If @ref is
291 * dying or dead, the actual switching takes place on the following
292 * percpu_ref_reinit().
293 *
294 * This function may block if @ref is in the process of switching to atomic
295 * mode. If the caller ensures that @ref is not in the process of
296 * switching to atomic mode, this function can be called from any context.
297 */
298void percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref)
299{
300 unsigned long flags;
301
302 spin_lock_irqsave(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
303
304 ref->force_atomic = false;
305 __percpu_ref_switch_mode(ref, NULL);
306
307 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
308}
309EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu);
310
311/**
312 * percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm - drop the initial ref and schedule confirmation
313 * @ref: percpu_ref to kill
314 * @confirm_kill: optional confirmation callback
315 *
316 * Equivalent to percpu_ref_kill() but also schedules kill confirmation if
317 * @confirm_kill is not NULL. @confirm_kill, which may not block, will be
318 * called after @ref is seen as dead from all CPUs at which point all
319 * further invocations of percpu_ref_tryget_live() will fail. See
320 * percpu_ref_tryget_live() for details.
321 *
322 * This function normally doesn't block and can be called from any context
323 * but it may block if @confirm_kill is specified and @ref is in the
324 * process of switching to atomic mode by percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic().
325 *
326 * There are no implied RCU grace periods between kill and release.
327 */
328void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
329 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill)
330{
331 unsigned long flags;
332
333 spin_lock_irqsave(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
334
335 WARN_ONCE(ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD,
336 "%s called more than once on %pf!", __func__, ref->release);
337
338 ref->percpu_count_ptr |= __PERCPU_REF_DEAD;
339 __percpu_ref_switch_mode(ref, confirm_kill);
340 percpu_ref_put(ref);
341
342 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
343}
344EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm);
345
346/**
347 * percpu_ref_reinit - re-initialize a percpu refcount
348 * @ref: perpcu_ref to re-initialize
349 *
350 * Re-initialize @ref so that it's in the same state as when it finished
351 * percpu_ref_init() ignoring %PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD. @ref must have been
352 * initialized successfully and reached 0 but not exited.
353 *
354 * Note that percpu_ref_tryget[_live]() are safe to perform on @ref while
355 * this function is in progress.
356 */
357void percpu_ref_reinit(struct percpu_ref *ref)
358{
359 unsigned long flags;
360
361 spin_lock_irqsave(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
362
363 WARN_ON_ONCE(!percpu_ref_is_zero(ref));
364
365 ref->percpu_count_ptr &= ~__PERCPU_REF_DEAD;
366 percpu_ref_get(ref);
367 __percpu_ref_switch_mode(ref, NULL);
368
369 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&percpu_ref_switch_lock, flags);
370}
371EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(percpu_ref_reinit);