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1/* ******************************************************************
2 * bitstream
3 * Part of FSE library
4 * Copyright (c) Yann Collet, Facebook, Inc.
5 *
6 * You can contact the author at :
7 * - Source repository : https://github.com/Cyan4973/FiniteStateEntropy
8 *
9 * This source code is licensed under both the BSD-style license (found in the
10 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree) and the GPLv2 (found
11 * in the COPYING file in the root directory of this source tree).
12 * You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.
13****************************************************************** */
14#ifndef BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
15#define BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
16
17/*
18* This API consists of small unitary functions, which must be inlined for best performance.
19* Since link-time-optimization is not available for all compilers,
20* these functions are defined into a .h to be included.
21*/
22
23/*-****************************************
24* Dependencies
25******************************************/
26#include "mem.h" /* unaligned access routines */
27#include "compiler.h" /* UNLIKELY() */
28#include "debug.h" /* assert(), DEBUGLOG(), RAWLOG() */
29#include "error_private.h" /* error codes and messages */
30
31
32/*=========================================
33* Target specific
34=========================================*/
35
36#define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 25
37#define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64 57
38#define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN ((U32)(MEM_32bits() ? STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 : STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64))
39
40
41/*-******************************************
42* bitStream encoding API (write forward)
43********************************************/
44/* bitStream can mix input from multiple sources.
45 * A critical property of these streams is that they encode and decode in **reverse** direction.
46 * So the first bit sequence you add will be the last to be read, like a LIFO stack.
47 */
48typedef struct {
49 size_t bitContainer;
50 unsigned bitPos;
51 char* startPtr;
52 char* ptr;
53 char* endPtr;
54} BIT_CStream_t;
55
56MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, void* dstBuffer, size_t dstCapacity);
57MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
58MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
59MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
60
61/* Start with initCStream, providing the size of buffer to write into.
62* bitStream will never write outside of this buffer.
63* `dstCapacity` must be >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise @return will be an error code.
64*
65* bits are first added to a local register.
66* Local register is size_t, hence 64-bits on 64-bits systems, or 32-bits on 32-bits systems.
67* Writing data into memory is an explicit operation, performed by the flushBits function.
68* Hence keep track how many bits are potentially stored into local register to avoid register overflow.
69* After a flushBits, a maximum of 7 bits might still be stored into local register.
70*
71* Avoid storing elements of more than 24 bits if you want compatibility with 32-bits bitstream readers.
72*
73* Last operation is to close the bitStream.
74* The function returns the final size of CStream in bytes.
75* If data couldn't fit into `dstBuffer`, it will return a 0 ( == not storable)
76*/
77
78
79/*-********************************************
80* bitStream decoding API (read backward)
81**********************************************/
82typedef struct {
83 size_t bitContainer;
84 unsigned bitsConsumed;
85 const char* ptr;
86 const char* start;
87 const char* limitPtr;
88} BIT_DStream_t;
89
90typedef enum { BIT_DStream_unfinished = 0,
91 BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer = 1,
92 BIT_DStream_completed = 2,
93 BIT_DStream_overflow = 3 } BIT_DStream_status; /* result of BIT_reloadDStream() */
94 /* 1,2,4,8 would be better for bitmap combinations, but slows down performance a bit ... :( */
95
96MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize);
97MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
98MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
99MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
100
101
102/* Start by invoking BIT_initDStream().
103* A chunk of the bitStream is then stored into a local register.
104* Local register size is 64-bits on 64-bits systems, 32-bits on 32-bits systems (size_t).
105* You can then retrieve bitFields stored into the local register, **in reverse order**.
106* Local register is explicitly reloaded from memory by the BIT_reloadDStream() method.
107* A reload guarantee a minimum of ((8*sizeof(bitD->bitContainer))-7) bits when its result is BIT_DStream_unfinished.
108* Otherwise, it can be less than that, so proceed accordingly.
109* Checking if DStream has reached its end can be performed with BIT_endOfDStream().
110*/
111
112
113/*-****************************************
114* unsafe API
115******************************************/
116MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
117/* faster, but works only if value is "clean", meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
118
119MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
120/* unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
121
122MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
123/* faster, but works only if nbBits >= 1 */
124
125
126
127/*-**************************************************************
128* Internal functions
129****************************************************************/
130MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_highbit32 (U32 val)
131{
132 assert(val != 0);
133 {
134# if (__GNUC__ >= 3) /* Use GCC Intrinsic */
135 return __builtin_clz (val) ^ 31;
136# else /* Software version */
137 static const unsigned DeBruijnClz[32] = { 0, 9, 1, 10, 13, 21, 2, 29,
138 11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 25, 3, 30,
139 8, 12, 20, 28, 15, 17, 24, 7,
140 19, 27, 23, 6, 26, 5, 4, 31 };
141 U32 v = val;
142 v |= v >> 1;
143 v |= v >> 2;
144 v |= v >> 4;
145 v |= v >> 8;
146 v |= v >> 16;
147 return DeBruijnClz[ (U32) (v * 0x07C4ACDDU) >> 27];
148# endif
149 }
150}
151
152/*===== Local Constants =====*/
153static const unsigned BIT_mask[] = {
154 0, 1, 3, 7, 0xF, 0x1F,
155 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x1FF, 0x3FF, 0x7FF,
156 0xFFF, 0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFF,
157 0x3FFFF, 0x7FFFF, 0xFFFFF, 0x1FFFFF, 0x3FFFFF, 0x7FFFFF,
158 0xFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFF, 0x3FFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFFF,
159 0x3FFFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFFF}; /* up to 31 bits */
160#define BIT_MASK_SIZE (sizeof(BIT_mask) / sizeof(BIT_mask[0]))
161
162/*-**************************************************************
163* bitStream encoding
164****************************************************************/
165/*! BIT_initCStream() :
166 * `dstCapacity` must be > sizeof(size_t)
167 * @return : 0 if success,
168 * otherwise an error code (can be tested using ERR_isError()) */
169MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
170 void* startPtr, size_t dstCapacity)
171{
172 bitC->bitContainer = 0;
173 bitC->bitPos = 0;
174 bitC->startPtr = (char*)startPtr;
175 bitC->ptr = bitC->startPtr;
176 bitC->endPtr = bitC->startPtr + dstCapacity - sizeof(bitC->bitContainer);
177 if (dstCapacity <= sizeof(bitC->bitContainer)) return ERROR(dstSize_tooSmall);
178 return 0;
179}
180
181/*! BIT_addBits() :
182 * can add up to 31 bits into `bitC`.
183 * Note : does not check for register overflow ! */
184MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
185 size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
186{
187 DEBUG_STATIC_ASSERT(BIT_MASK_SIZE == 32);
188 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
189 assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
190 bitC->bitContainer |= (value & BIT_mask[nbBits]) << bitC->bitPos;
191 bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
192}
193
194/*! BIT_addBitsFast() :
195 * works only if `value` is _clean_,
196 * meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
197MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
198 size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
199{
200 assert((value>>nbBits) == 0);
201 assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
202 bitC->bitContainer |= value << bitC->bitPos;
203 bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
204}
205
206/*! BIT_flushBitsFast() :
207 * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
208 * unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
209MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
210{
211 size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
212 assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
213 assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
214 MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
215 bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
216 bitC->bitPos &= 7;
217 bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
218}
219
220/*! BIT_flushBits() :
221 * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
222 * safe version; check for buffer overflow, and prevents it.
223 * note : does not signal buffer overflow.
224 * overflow will be revealed later on using BIT_closeCStream() */
225MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
226{
227 size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
228 assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
229 assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
230 MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
231 bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
232 if (bitC->ptr > bitC->endPtr) bitC->ptr = bitC->endPtr;
233 bitC->bitPos &= 7;
234 bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
235}
236
237/*! BIT_closeCStream() :
238 * @return : size of CStream, in bytes,
239 * or 0 if it could not fit into dstBuffer */
240MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
241{
242 BIT_addBitsFast(bitC, 1, 1); /* endMark */
243 BIT_flushBits(bitC);
244 if (bitC->ptr >= bitC->endPtr) return 0; /* overflow detected */
245 return (bitC->ptr - bitC->startPtr) + (bitC->bitPos > 0);
246}
247
248
249/*-********************************************************
250* bitStream decoding
251**********************************************************/
252/*! BIT_initDStream() :
253 * Initialize a BIT_DStream_t.
254 * `bitD` : a pointer to an already allocated BIT_DStream_t structure.
255 * `srcSize` must be the *exact* size of the bitStream, in bytes.
256 * @return : size of stream (== srcSize), or an errorCode if a problem is detected
257 */
258MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize)
259{
260 if (srcSize < 1) { ZSTD_memset(bitD, 0, sizeof(*bitD)); return ERROR(srcSize_wrong); }
261
262 bitD->start = (const char*)srcBuffer;
263 bitD->limitPtr = bitD->start + sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
264
265 if (srcSize >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)) { /* normal case */
266 bitD->ptr = (const char*)srcBuffer + srcSize - sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
267 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
268 { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
269 bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0; /* ensures bitsConsumed is always set */
270 if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(GENERIC); /* endMark not present */ }
271 } else {
272 bitD->ptr = bitD->start;
273 bitD->bitContainer = *(const BYTE*)(bitD->start);
274 switch(srcSize)
275 {
276 case 7: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[6]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 16);
277 ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
278
279 case 6: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[5]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 24);
280 ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
281
282 case 5: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[4]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 32);
283 ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
284
285 case 4: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[3]) << 24;
286 ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
287
288 case 3: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[2]) << 16;
289 ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
290
291 case 2: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[1]) << 8;
292 ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
293
294 default: break;
295 }
296 { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
297 bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0;
298 if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(corruption_detected); /* endMark not present */
299 }
300 bitD->bitsConsumed += (U32)(sizeof(bitD->bitContainer) - srcSize)*8;
301 }
302
303 return srcSize;
304}
305
306MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getUpperBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start)
307{
308 return bitContainer >> start;
309}
310
311MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getMiddleBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start, U32 const nbBits)
312{
313 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitContainer)*8 - 1;
314 /* if start > regMask, bitstream is corrupted, and result is undefined */
315 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
316 /* x86 transform & ((1 << nbBits) - 1) to bzhi instruction, it is better
317 * than accessing memory. When bmi2 instruction is not present, we consider
318 * such cpus old (pre-Haswell, 2013) and their performance is not of that
319 * importance.
320 */
321#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X86)
322 return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & ((((U64)1) << nbBits) - 1);
323#else
324 return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & BIT_mask[nbBits];
325#endif
326}
327
328MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getLowerBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const nbBits)
329{
330 assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
331 return bitContainer & BIT_mask[nbBits];
332}
333
334/*! BIT_lookBits() :
335 * Provides next n bits from local register.
336 * local register is not modified.
337 * On 32-bits, maxNbBits==24.
338 * On 64-bits, maxNbBits==56.
339 * @return : value extracted */
340MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_lookBits(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
341{
342 /* arbitrate between double-shift and shift+mask */
343#if 1
344 /* if bitD->bitsConsumed + nbBits > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8,
345 * bitstream is likely corrupted, and result is undefined */
346 return BIT_getMiddleBits(bitD->bitContainer, (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) - bitD->bitsConsumed - nbBits, nbBits);
347#else
348 /* this code path is slower on my os-x laptop */
349 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
350 return ((bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> 1) >> ((regMask-nbBits) & regMask);
351#endif
352}
353
354/*! BIT_lookBitsFast() :
355 * unsafe version; only works if nbBits >= 1 */
356MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_lookBitsFast(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
357{
358 U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
359 assert(nbBits >= 1);
360 return (bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> (((regMask+1)-nbBits) & regMask);
361}
362
363MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR void BIT_skipBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
364{
365 bitD->bitsConsumed += nbBits;
366}
367
368/*! BIT_readBits() :
369 * Read (consume) next n bits from local register and update.
370 * Pay attention to not read more than nbBits contained into local register.
371 * @return : extracted value. */
372MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
373{
374 size_t const value = BIT_lookBits(bitD, nbBits);
375 BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
376 return value;
377}
378
379/*! BIT_readBitsFast() :
380 * unsafe version; only works only if nbBits >= 1 */
381MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
382{
383 size_t const value = BIT_lookBitsFast(bitD, nbBits);
384 assert(nbBits >= 1);
385 BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
386 return value;
387}
388
389/*! BIT_reloadDStreamFast() :
390 * Similar to BIT_reloadDStream(), but with two differences:
391 * 1. bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 must hold!
392 * 2. Returns BIT_DStream_overflow when bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr, at this
393 * point you must use BIT_reloadDStream() to reload.
394 */
395MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStreamFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
396{
397 if (UNLIKELY(bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr))
398 return BIT_DStream_overflow;
399 assert(bitD->bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8);
400 bitD->ptr -= bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
401 bitD->bitsConsumed &= 7;
402 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
403 return BIT_DStream_unfinished;
404}
405
406/*! BIT_reloadDStream() :
407 * Refill `bitD` from buffer previously set in BIT_initDStream() .
408 * This function is safe, it guarantees it will not read beyond src buffer.
409 * @return : status of `BIT_DStream_t` internal register.
410 * when status == BIT_DStream_unfinished, internal register is filled with at least 25 or 57 bits */
411MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
412{
413 if (bitD->bitsConsumed > (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8)) /* overflow detected, like end of stream */
414 return BIT_DStream_overflow;
415
416 if (bitD->ptr >= bitD->limitPtr) {
417 return BIT_reloadDStreamFast(bitD);
418 }
419 if (bitD->ptr == bitD->start) {
420 if (bitD->bitsConsumed < sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) return BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
421 return BIT_DStream_completed;
422 }
423 /* start < ptr < limitPtr */
424 { U32 nbBytes = bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
425 BIT_DStream_status result = BIT_DStream_unfinished;
426 if (bitD->ptr - nbBytes < bitD->start) {
427 nbBytes = (U32)(bitD->ptr - bitD->start); /* ptr > start */
428 result = BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
429 }
430 bitD->ptr -= nbBytes;
431 bitD->bitsConsumed -= nbBytes*8;
432 bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr); /* reminder : srcSize > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise bitD->ptr == bitD->start */
433 return result;
434 }
435}
436
437/*! BIT_endOfDStream() :
438 * @return : 1 if DStream has _exactly_ reached its end (all bits consumed).
439 */
440MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* DStream)
441{
442 return ((DStream->ptr == DStream->start) && (DStream->bitsConsumed == sizeof(DStream->bitContainer)*8));
443}
444
445
446#endif /* BITSTREAM_H_MODULE */