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1/*
2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/swp_emulate.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2009 ARM Limited
5 * __user_* functions adapted from include/asm/uaccess.h
6 *
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 *
11 * Implements emulation of the SWP/SWPB instructions using load-exclusive and
12 * store-exclusive for processors that have them disabled (or future ones that
13 * might not implement them).
14 *
15 * Syntax of SWP{B} instruction: SWP{B}<c> <Rt>, <Rt2>, [<Rn>]
16 * Where: Rt = destination
17 * Rt2 = source
18 * Rn = address
19 */
20
21#include <linux/init.h>
22#include <linux/kernel.h>
23#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
24#include <linux/sched.h>
25#include <linux/syscalls.h>
26#include <linux/perf_event.h>
27
28#include <asm/traps.h>
29#include <asm/uaccess.h>
30
31/*
32 * Error-checking SWP macros implemented using ldrex{b}/strex{b}
33 */
34#define __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, B) \
35 __asm__ __volatile__( \
36 " mov %2, %1\n" \
37 "0: ldrex"B" %1, [%3]\n" \
38 "1: strex"B" %0, %2, [%3]\n" \
39 " cmp %0, #0\n" \
40 " movne %0, %4\n" \
41 "2:\n" \
42 " .section .fixup,\"ax\"\n" \
43 " .align 2\n" \
44 "3: mov %0, %5\n" \
45 " b 2b\n" \
46 " .previous\n" \
47 " .section __ex_table,\"a\"\n" \
48 " .align 3\n" \
49 " .long 0b, 3b\n" \
50 " .long 1b, 3b\n" \
51 " .previous" \
52 : "=&r" (res), "+r" (data), "=&r" (temp) \
53 : "r" (addr), "i" (-EAGAIN), "i" (-EFAULT) \
54 : "cc", "memory")
55
56#define __user_swp_asm(data, addr, res, temp) \
57 __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, "")
58#define __user_swpb_asm(data, addr, res, temp) \
59 __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, "b")
60
61/*
62 * Macros/defines for extracting register numbers from instruction.
63 */
64#define EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instruction, offset) \
65 (((instruction) & (0xf << (offset))) >> (offset))
66#define RN_OFFSET 16
67#define RT_OFFSET 12
68#define RT2_OFFSET 0
69/*
70 * Bit 22 of the instruction encoding distinguishes between
71 * the SWP and SWPB variants (bit set means SWPB).
72 */
73#define TYPE_SWPB (1 << 22)
74
75static unsigned long swpcounter;
76static unsigned long swpbcounter;
77static unsigned long abtcounter;
78static pid_t previous_pid;
79
80#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
81static int proc_read_status(char *page, char **start, off_t off, int count,
82 int *eof, void *data)
83{
84 char *p = page;
85 int len;
86
87 p += sprintf(p, "Emulated SWP:\t\t%lu\n", swpcounter);
88 p += sprintf(p, "Emulated SWPB:\t\t%lu\n", swpbcounter);
89 p += sprintf(p, "Aborted SWP{B}:\t\t%lu\n", abtcounter);
90 if (previous_pid != 0)
91 p += sprintf(p, "Last process:\t\t%d\n", previous_pid);
92
93 len = (p - page) - off;
94 if (len < 0)
95 len = 0;
96
97 *eof = (len <= count) ? 1 : 0;
98 *start = page + off;
99
100 return len;
101}
102#endif
103
104/*
105 * Set up process info to signal segmentation fault - called on access error.
106 */
107static void set_segfault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr)
108{
109 siginfo_t info;
110
111 if (find_vma(current->mm, addr) == NULL)
112 info.si_code = SEGV_MAPERR;
113 else
114 info.si_code = SEGV_ACCERR;
115
116 info.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
117 info.si_errno = 0;
118 info.si_addr = (void *) instruction_pointer(regs);
119
120 pr_debug("SWP{B} emulation: access caused memory abort!\n");
121 arm_notify_die("Illegal memory access", regs, &info, 0, 0);
122
123 abtcounter++;
124}
125
126static int emulate_swpX(unsigned int address, unsigned int *data,
127 unsigned int type)
128{
129 unsigned int res = 0;
130
131 if ((type != TYPE_SWPB) && (address & 0x3)) {
132 /* SWP to unaligned address not permitted */
133 pr_debug("SWP instruction on unaligned pointer!\n");
134 return -EFAULT;
135 }
136
137 while (1) {
138 unsigned long temp;
139
140 /*
141 * Barrier required between accessing protected resource and
142 * releasing a lock for it. Legacy code might not have done
143 * this, and we cannot determine that this is not the case
144 * being emulated, so insert always.
145 */
146 smp_mb();
147
148 if (type == TYPE_SWPB)
149 __user_swpb_asm(*data, address, res, temp);
150 else
151 __user_swp_asm(*data, address, res, temp);
152
153 if (likely(res != -EAGAIN) || signal_pending(current))
154 break;
155
156 cond_resched();
157 }
158
159 if (res == 0) {
160 /*
161 * Barrier also required between acquiring a lock for a
162 * protected resource and accessing the resource. Inserted for
163 * same reason as above.
164 */
165 smp_mb();
166
167 if (type == TYPE_SWPB)
168 swpbcounter++;
169 else
170 swpcounter++;
171 }
172
173 return res;
174}
175
176/*
177 * swp_handler logs the id of calling process, dissects the instruction, sanity
178 * checks the memory location, calls emulate_swpX for the actual operation and
179 * deals with fixup/error handling before returning
180 */
181static int swp_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int instr)
182{
183 unsigned int address, destreg, data, type;
184 unsigned int res = 0;
185
186 perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS, 1, regs, regs->ARM_pc);
187
188 if (current->pid != previous_pid) {
189 pr_debug("\"%s\" (%ld) uses deprecated SWP{B} instruction\n",
190 current->comm, (unsigned long)current->pid);
191 previous_pid = current->pid;
192 }
193
194 address = regs->uregs[EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RN_OFFSET)];
195 data = regs->uregs[EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RT2_OFFSET)];
196 destreg = EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RT_OFFSET);
197
198 type = instr & TYPE_SWPB;
199
200 pr_debug("addr in r%d->0x%08x, dest is r%d, source in r%d->0x%08x)\n",
201 EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RN_OFFSET), address,
202 destreg, EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RT2_OFFSET), data);
203
204 /* Check access in reasonable access range for both SWP and SWPB */
205 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (address & ~3), 4)) {
206 pr_debug("SWP{B} emulation: access to %p not allowed!\n",
207 (void *)address);
208 res = -EFAULT;
209 } else {
210 res = emulate_swpX(address, &data, type);
211 }
212
213 if (res == 0) {
214 /*
215 * On successful emulation, revert the adjustment to the PC
216 * made in kernel/traps.c in order to resume execution at the
217 * instruction following the SWP{B}.
218 */
219 regs->ARM_pc += 4;
220 regs->uregs[destreg] = data;
221 } else if (res == -EFAULT) {
222 /*
223 * Memory errors do not mean emulation failed.
224 * Set up signal info to return SEGV, then return OK
225 */
226 set_segfault(regs, address);
227 }
228
229 return 0;
230}
231
232/*
233 * Only emulate SWP/SWPB executed in ARM state/User mode.
234 * The kernel must be SWP free and SWP{B} does not exist in Thumb/ThumbEE.
235 */
236static struct undef_hook swp_hook = {
237 .instr_mask = 0x0fb00ff0,
238 .instr_val = 0x01000090,
239 .cpsr_mask = MODE_MASK | PSR_T_BIT | PSR_J_BIT,
240 .cpsr_val = USR_MODE,
241 .fn = swp_handler
242};
243
244/*
245 * Register handler and create status file in /proc/cpu
246 * Invoked as late_initcall, since not needed before init spawned.
247 */
248static int __init swp_emulation_init(void)
249{
250#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
251 struct proc_dir_entry *res;
252
253 res = create_proc_entry("cpu/swp_emulation", S_IRUGO, NULL);
254
255 if (!res)
256 return -ENOMEM;
257
258 res->read_proc = proc_read_status;
259#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
260
261 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler\n");
262 register_undef_hook(&swp_hook);
263
264 return 0;
265}
266
267late_initcall(swp_emulation_init);
1/*
2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/swp_emulate.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2009 ARM Limited
5 * __user_* functions adapted from include/asm/uaccess.h
6 *
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 *
11 * Implements emulation of the SWP/SWPB instructions using load-exclusive and
12 * store-exclusive for processors that have them disabled (or future ones that
13 * might not implement them).
14 *
15 * Syntax of SWP{B} instruction: SWP{B}<c> <Rt>, <Rt2>, [<Rn>]
16 * Where: Rt = destination
17 * Rt2 = source
18 * Rn = address
19 */
20
21#include <linux/init.h>
22#include <linux/kernel.h>
23#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
24#include <linux/sched.h>
25#include <linux/syscalls.h>
26#include <linux/perf_event.h>
27
28#include <asm/opcodes.h>
29#include <asm/traps.h>
30#include <asm/uaccess.h>
31
32/*
33 * Error-checking SWP macros implemented using ldrex{b}/strex{b}
34 */
35#define __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, B) \
36 __asm__ __volatile__( \
37 " mov %2, %1\n" \
38 "0: ldrex"B" %1, [%3]\n" \
39 "1: strex"B" %0, %2, [%3]\n" \
40 " cmp %0, #0\n" \
41 " movne %0, %4\n" \
42 "2:\n" \
43 " .section .fixup,\"ax\"\n" \
44 " .align 2\n" \
45 "3: mov %0, %5\n" \
46 " b 2b\n" \
47 " .previous\n" \
48 " .section __ex_table,\"a\"\n" \
49 " .align 3\n" \
50 " .long 0b, 3b\n" \
51 " .long 1b, 3b\n" \
52 " .previous" \
53 : "=&r" (res), "+r" (data), "=&r" (temp) \
54 : "r" (addr), "i" (-EAGAIN), "i" (-EFAULT) \
55 : "cc", "memory")
56
57#define __user_swp_asm(data, addr, res, temp) \
58 __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, "")
59#define __user_swpb_asm(data, addr, res, temp) \
60 __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, "b")
61
62/*
63 * Macros/defines for extracting register numbers from instruction.
64 */
65#define EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instruction, offset) \
66 (((instruction) & (0xf << (offset))) >> (offset))
67#define RN_OFFSET 16
68#define RT_OFFSET 12
69#define RT2_OFFSET 0
70/*
71 * Bit 22 of the instruction encoding distinguishes between
72 * the SWP and SWPB variants (bit set means SWPB).
73 */
74#define TYPE_SWPB (1 << 22)
75
76static unsigned long swpcounter;
77static unsigned long swpbcounter;
78static unsigned long abtcounter;
79static pid_t previous_pid;
80
81#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
82static int proc_read_status(char *page, char **start, off_t off, int count,
83 int *eof, void *data)
84{
85 char *p = page;
86 int len;
87
88 p += sprintf(p, "Emulated SWP:\t\t%lu\n", swpcounter);
89 p += sprintf(p, "Emulated SWPB:\t\t%lu\n", swpbcounter);
90 p += sprintf(p, "Aborted SWP{B}:\t\t%lu\n", abtcounter);
91 if (previous_pid != 0)
92 p += sprintf(p, "Last process:\t\t%d\n", previous_pid);
93
94 len = (p - page) - off;
95 if (len < 0)
96 len = 0;
97
98 *eof = (len <= count) ? 1 : 0;
99 *start = page + off;
100
101 return len;
102}
103#endif
104
105/*
106 * Set up process info to signal segmentation fault - called on access error.
107 */
108static void set_segfault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr)
109{
110 siginfo_t info;
111
112 if (find_vma(current->mm, addr) == NULL)
113 info.si_code = SEGV_MAPERR;
114 else
115 info.si_code = SEGV_ACCERR;
116
117 info.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
118 info.si_errno = 0;
119 info.si_addr = (void *) instruction_pointer(regs);
120
121 pr_debug("SWP{B} emulation: access caused memory abort!\n");
122 arm_notify_die("Illegal memory access", regs, &info, 0, 0);
123
124 abtcounter++;
125}
126
127static int emulate_swpX(unsigned int address, unsigned int *data,
128 unsigned int type)
129{
130 unsigned int res = 0;
131
132 if ((type != TYPE_SWPB) && (address & 0x3)) {
133 /* SWP to unaligned address not permitted */
134 pr_debug("SWP instruction on unaligned pointer!\n");
135 return -EFAULT;
136 }
137
138 while (1) {
139 unsigned long temp;
140
141 /*
142 * Barrier required between accessing protected resource and
143 * releasing a lock for it. Legacy code might not have done
144 * this, and we cannot determine that this is not the case
145 * being emulated, so insert always.
146 */
147 smp_mb();
148
149 if (type == TYPE_SWPB)
150 __user_swpb_asm(*data, address, res, temp);
151 else
152 __user_swp_asm(*data, address, res, temp);
153
154 if (likely(res != -EAGAIN) || signal_pending(current))
155 break;
156
157 cond_resched();
158 }
159
160 if (res == 0) {
161 /*
162 * Barrier also required between acquiring a lock for a
163 * protected resource and accessing the resource. Inserted for
164 * same reason as above.
165 */
166 smp_mb();
167
168 if (type == TYPE_SWPB)
169 swpbcounter++;
170 else
171 swpcounter++;
172 }
173
174 return res;
175}
176
177/*
178 * swp_handler logs the id of calling process, dissects the instruction, sanity
179 * checks the memory location, calls emulate_swpX for the actual operation and
180 * deals with fixup/error handling before returning
181 */
182static int swp_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int instr)
183{
184 unsigned int address, destreg, data, type;
185 unsigned int res = 0;
186
187 perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS, 1, regs, regs->ARM_pc);
188
189 res = arm_check_condition(instr, regs->ARM_cpsr);
190 switch (res) {
191 case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_PASS:
192 break;
193 case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_FAIL:
194 /* Condition failed - return to next instruction */
195 regs->ARM_pc += 4;
196 return 0;
197 case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_UNCOND:
198 /* If unconditional encoding - not a SWP, undef */
199 return -EFAULT;
200 default:
201 return -EINVAL;
202 }
203
204 if (current->pid != previous_pid) {
205 pr_debug("\"%s\" (%ld) uses deprecated SWP{B} instruction\n",
206 current->comm, (unsigned long)current->pid);
207 previous_pid = current->pid;
208 }
209
210 address = regs->uregs[EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RN_OFFSET)];
211 data = regs->uregs[EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RT2_OFFSET)];
212 destreg = EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RT_OFFSET);
213
214 type = instr & TYPE_SWPB;
215
216 pr_debug("addr in r%d->0x%08x, dest is r%d, source in r%d->0x%08x)\n",
217 EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RN_OFFSET), address,
218 destreg, EXTRACT_REG_NUM(instr, RT2_OFFSET), data);
219
220 /* Check access in reasonable access range for both SWP and SWPB */
221 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (address & ~3), 4)) {
222 pr_debug("SWP{B} emulation: access to %p not allowed!\n",
223 (void *)address);
224 res = -EFAULT;
225 } else {
226 res = emulate_swpX(address, &data, type);
227 }
228
229 if (res == 0) {
230 /*
231 * On successful emulation, revert the adjustment to the PC
232 * made in kernel/traps.c in order to resume execution at the
233 * instruction following the SWP{B}.
234 */
235 regs->ARM_pc += 4;
236 regs->uregs[destreg] = data;
237 } else if (res == -EFAULT) {
238 /*
239 * Memory errors do not mean emulation failed.
240 * Set up signal info to return SEGV, then return OK
241 */
242 set_segfault(regs, address);
243 }
244
245 return 0;
246}
247
248/*
249 * Only emulate SWP/SWPB executed in ARM state/User mode.
250 * The kernel must be SWP free and SWP{B} does not exist in Thumb/ThumbEE.
251 */
252static struct undef_hook swp_hook = {
253 .instr_mask = 0x0fb00ff0,
254 .instr_val = 0x01000090,
255 .cpsr_mask = MODE_MASK | PSR_T_BIT | PSR_J_BIT,
256 .cpsr_val = USR_MODE,
257 .fn = swp_handler
258};
259
260/*
261 * Register handler and create status file in /proc/cpu
262 * Invoked as late_initcall, since not needed before init spawned.
263 */
264static int __init swp_emulation_init(void)
265{
266#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
267 struct proc_dir_entry *res;
268
269 res = create_proc_entry("cpu/swp_emulation", S_IRUGO, NULL);
270
271 if (!res)
272 return -ENOMEM;
273
274 res->read_proc = proc_read_status;
275#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
276
277 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler\n");
278 register_undef_hook(&swp_hook);
279
280 return 0;
281}
282
283late_initcall(swp_emulation_init);